50:
156:
924:
770:
693:
The Air
Ministry was also responsible for civil aviation. Early on Hoare set up the Civil Air Transport Subsidies Committee under the Chairmanship of Sir Hubert Hambling to look at the system of subsidies to competing air lines. They reported in February 1923, favouring a single commercial company to
620:
as
Secretary of State for Air on 1 April. During his eighteen months in office he played "a minor part in the desperate struggle to maintain the air force's institutional independence in the face of hostile attacks from the War Office and the Admiralty". More importantly in the long term he was also
546:
This combination under one person by was criticised in both the press and
Parliament. However, Churchill re-iterated that the continued "integrity, the unity, the independence of the Royal Air Force will be sedulously and carefully maintained". During 1919 it was also decided that civil aviation was
730:
got the I.T.P. contract papers for a
Wolseley radial aero engine, which would have required re-orientation of their offices with an army of chartered accountants, he decided to deal only with the War Office and the Admiralty, not the Air Ministry. So the aero engine project was abandoned in 1936,
385:
Towards the end of the First World War, on 17 August 1917, General Smuts presented a report to the War
Council on the future of air power. Because of its potential for the 'devastation of enemy lands and the destruction of industrial and populous centres on a vast scale', he recommended a new air
317:
Minister, and other political figures was intended to give the Air Board greater status than the Joint War Air
Committee. In October 1916 the Air Board published its first report which was highly critical of the arrangements within the British air services. The report noted that although the Army
252:
proposed the creation of an Air
Ministry. As with the pre-war Air Committee, the Joint War Air Committee lacked any executive powers and therefore was not effective. After only eight sittings, Lord Derby resigned from the Committee, stating that "It appears to me quite impossible to bring the two
677:
1919–1930, was to establish the officer cadet training college at
Cranwell as a permanent establishment. It was Hoare's job to negotiate with the Treasury for the necessary funds. After much resistance Hoare managed to include a provision for permanent buildings in his estimates for 1929. The
656:
to start a service from Cairo to India. Hoare, with his wife Lady Maud, flew on the inaugural 13-day flight to Delhi, leaving
Croydon on 26 December 1926 and arriving on 8 January 1927. The air route to Cape Town, after much negotiation, was finalised in 1929, before he left office, but only
805:
In the 1920s and early 1930s research and development was more than 20% of the Air
Ministry’s total expenditure on aircraft and equipment, making it the largest research and development spending institution in Britain, until it was outstripped by private industry in the later 1930s.
373:
Despite attempts at reorganization of the Air Board, the earlier problems failed to be completely resolved. In addition, the growing number of German air raids against Great Britain led to public disquiet and increasing demands for something to be done. As a result,
243:
meeting on 15 February 1916 decided immediately to establish a standing joint naval and military committee to co-ordinate both the design and the supply of materiel for the two air services. This committee was titled the Joint War Air Committee, and its chairman was
701:
The third aspect of Hoare's time at the Air Ministry (after the R.A.F. and civil airlines) was to make public opinion sympathetic to air power and air travel. His much publicised flight to India in 1926-7 was part of this. He also realised the importance of the
558:
had largely agreed to the continued existence of the RAF due, in part, to the enthusiasm for the air service by the Army's political leader Winston Churchill. However, one of the main difficulties for the RAF and Air Ministry in 1919 was the opposition by the
651:
After the fall of the MacDonald government in November 1924 Hoare returned to the Air Ministry. He was interested in developing air links to the Empire and Dominion countries, particularly India and South Africa. He negotiated a subsidy from the Treasury for
519:
In 1919 the RAF and the Air Ministry came under immense political and inter service pressure for their very existence, particularly in a climate of significantly reduced military expenditure. The battle was kickstarted by the resignation in December 1918 of
204:
in matters relating to aviation. The new Air Committee was composed of representatives of the two war ministries, and although it could make recommendations, it lacked executive authority. The recommendations of the Air Committee had to be ratified by the
665:
His time at the Air Ministry was marked by several important developments that were to confirm the status of the Royal Air Force as a separate entity, play a part in the growth of civil aviation and to develop the awareness of the public about aviation.
213:
and, in consequence, the Committee was not particularly effective. The increasing separation of army and naval aviation from 1912 to 1914 only exacerbated the Air Committee's ineffectiveness and the Committee did not meet after the outbreak of the
739:
wrote that the loss of such a technically advanced engine was a great loss to Britain as well as Airspeed, and blamed the over-cautious high civil servants of the Air Ministry. When he had asked Lord Nuffield to retain the engine, Nuffield said:
345:
and Director of Naval Aviation, sat on the board and this high level representation from the Navy helped to improve matters. Additionally, as responsibility for the design of aircraft had been moved out of single service hands and given to the
685:
Trenchard had conceived the idea of a university air officer training corps, a sort of Territorial Army for the R.A.F. Hoare and particularly his well connected Parliamentary Private Secretary the academic Sir Geoffrey Butler, then created
312:
The next attempt to establish effective co-ordination between the two air services was the creation of an Air Board. The first Air Board came into being on 15 May 1916 with Lord Curzon as its chairman. The inclusion of Curzon, a
592:
In 1919 the Air Ministry formally took control of supply, design and inspection of all aircraft (aeroplanes and airships) from the Ministry of Munitions. This helped put the existence of Air Ministry on a firmer footing.
690:, at Cambridge University then at Oxford University in October 1925, without, however the militarism of the Officer Training Corps and in close collaboration with scientific and engineering work of the Universities.
365:(shot for treason in 1918 by the French government) whose attempts to undermine the French war effort with German-funded newspaper propaganda were likened to the unhelpful rivalry between the RFC and the RNAS.
238:
had led to serious problems, not only in the procurement of aircraft engines, but also in the air defence of Great Britain. It was the supply problems to which an attempt at rectification was first made. The
706:
and was instrumental in making sure that the R.A.F was involved. Britain's winning entries in 1927, 1929 and 1931 were flown by R.A.F. pilots and the teams partially subsidised by the Air Ministry.
318:
authorities were ready and willing to provide information and take part in meetings, the Navy were often absent from Board meetings and frequently refused to provide information on naval aviation.
719:
The Air Ministry issued specifications for aircraft that British aircraft companies would supply prototypes to. These were then assessed, if ordered the Ministry assigned the aircraft name. (see
563:
to losing their own air service and subsequent lobbying that personnel for naval air purposes afloat be naval officers and ratings – this would have led to a recreation of the now disbanded
1545:
1565:
1550:
726:
The ordering procedure used I.T.P. (Intention to Proceed) contract papers; these specified a maximum fixed price, which could (after investigation) be less. But when
640:
became Prime Minister and gave the position Cabinet status in May 1923, and Hoare remained in the post until January 1924, when a Labour government took power.
600:, on the future of the RAF on 12 December 1919. It was this White Paper that was to be the effective charter for the RAF and Air Ministry in subsequent years.
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As a result of the need for weather information for aviation, the Meteorological Office located many of its observation and data collection points on
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382:, which was tasked with investigating the problems with the British air defences and organizational difficulties which had beset the Air Board.
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196:(which initially consisted of both a naval and a military wing), an Air Committee was established to act as an intermediary between the
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wings closer together ... unless and until the whole system of the Air Service is changed and they are amalgamated into one service."
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demonstrated a working prototype and patented the device in 1935 (British Patent GB593017). The device served as the base for the
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I tell you, Norway ... I sent that I.T.P. thing back to them, and I told them they could put it where the monkey put the nuts!
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In the 1930s, the Air Ministry commissioned a scientific study of propagating electromagnetic energy which concluded that a
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Throughout 1919 Churchill persistently supported an independent air force. He presented the White Paper, largely written by
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1373:(2013) England and the Aeroplane Militarism, Modernity and Machines London Penguin ISBN 978-0-141-97516-0 pp56-7
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as to the nature of the relationship between the Air Force and Air Ministry and the Navy and the Admiralty.
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The Air Ministry continued to meet in the Hotel Cecil on the Strand. Later, in 1919, it moved to
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34:
528:(the governing body of the Royal Air Force), who wished to return to his commercial activities.
394:. The new air service was to receive direction from a new ministry and on 29 November 1917 the
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was made Secretary of State for Air. A supporter of airships, Thomson was responsible for the
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to deal with its relationship with the Navy. Throughout 1919 there were discussions between
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Search and download Air Ministry Combat Reports, 1939–1945 from The National Archives.
378:, the British Prime Minister, established a committee composed of himself and General
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David Butler and Gareth Butler 1986: British Political Facts 1900–1983 Sixth Edition
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John Sweetman 1984: "Crucial Months for Survival: The Royal Air Force 1918–19",
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John Sweetman 1984: "Crucial Months for Survival: The Royal Air Force 1918–19",
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John Sweetman 1984: "Crucial Months for Survival: The Royal Air Force 1918–19",
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John Sweetman 1984: "Crucial Months for Survival: The Royal Air Force 1918–19",
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In later years the actual production of aircraft was the responsibility of the
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to be brought into the Air Ministry rather than being dealt with by either the
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175:, that existed from 1918 to 1964. It was under the political authority of the
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over the UK, from 1919 it being the government department responsible for the
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and the Air Ministry was formed just over a month later on 2 January 1918.
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502:. The creation of the Air Ministry resulted in the disestablishment of the
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361:, familiarly known as the "Hotel Bolo". This was a humorous reference to
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The Long, Long Trail – The British Army in the Great War of 1914–1918
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117:
350:, some of the problems of inter-service competition were avoided.
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Director of Military Aeronautics (War Office) – Major-General Sir
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On 13 April 1912, less than two weeks after the creation of the
121:
16:
Department of the Government of the United Kingdom (1918–1964)
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was impractical but detection of aircraft appeared feasible.
856:
branch had succeeded in its intelligence efforts regarding "
632:
became the Secretary of State for Air in October 1922 under
1546:
Defunct departments of the Government of the United Kingdom
1117:"History of the Ministry of Defence and the Old War Office"
159:
The Air Council in session at the Air Ministry in July 1940
1566:
Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II
1478:
Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939–1945
277:
Superintendent of Aircraft Design (Admiralty) – Commodore
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was created from a merger of the four largest airlines.
182:
171:
with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the
26:
For the UK civil and military ministry 1959–1967, see
506:'s post of Director-General of Military Aeronautics.
481:
Sir John Hunter, Administrator of Works and Buildings
261:
The Joint War Air Committee was composed as follows:
386:
service be formed that would be on a level with the
368:
271:
Director of Air Services (Admiralty) – Rear Admiral
1097:
1087:. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 66–67.
1551:Aviation organisations based in the United Kingdom
1475:
299:Advisory Members were also appointed as required.
1012:. St. James's Place London: Collins. p. 173.
475:, Director-General of Aircraft Production in the
248:. It was also at the meeting on 15 February that
1517:
1034:Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation
1460:Improvements in or relating to wireless systems
1146:The organisation and function of the War Office
682:was laid in 1929 and formally opened in 1934.
221:
1219:
1217:
1541:1964 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1412:(in French). radar-france.fr. Archived from
1410:"Copy of Patents for the invention of radar"
849:network of radars to defend Great Britain.
800:
1361:(1954, William Heinemann, London) page 235
1214:
832:
567:. This negotiation led to the creation of
341:, who served in the newly created post of
48:
1536:1918 establishments in the United Kingdom
904:In 1964 the Air Ministry merged with the
226:By 1916 the lack of co-ordination of the
1105:. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 61.
694:run Britain's air routes. In March 1924
154:
1335:Sir Samuel Hoare: A Political Biography
1314:Sir Samuel Hoare: A Political Biography
1293:Sir Samuel Hoare: A Political Biography
1272:Sir Samuel Hoare: A Political Biography
1251:Sir Samuel Hoare: A Political Biography
1223:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
333:replaced the chairman Lord Curzon with
321:
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714:
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445:Major-General (formerly Rear-Admiral)
432:, Additional Member and Vice-President
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1576:Defunct organisations based in London
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1004:
814:The Air Ministry was responsible for
183:Organisations before the Air Ministry
1482:. London: Hamish Hamilton. pp.
1198:, Vol. 19 No.3 (July 1984) pp.531–33
1127:from the original on 8 November 2017
1077:
1039:
918:
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890:World War II technology and warfare
721:List of Air Ministry specifications
621:responsible for the appointment of
455:Major-General (formerly Commodore)
353:The Air Board initially met in the
21:Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany)
13:
19:For the Nazi German ministry, see
14:
1587:
1571:Ministries disestablished in 1964
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1427:British man first to patent radar
980:British Military Aviation in 1916
469:, Controller-General of Equipment
369:Establishment of the Air Ministry
1211:, Vol. 19 No.3 (July 1984) p.538
1185:, Vol. 19 No.3 (July 1984) p.531
1172:, Vol. 19 No.3 (July 1984) p.529
1023:The evolution of an Air Ministry
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169:Government of the United Kingdom
104:Government of the United Kingdom
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1209:Journal of Contemporary History
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1196:Journal of Contemporary History
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1183:Journal of Contemporary History
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1170:Journal of Contemporary History
1159:. Retrieved on 19 January 2007.
995:. Retrieved on 19 January 2007.
748:Ministry of Aircraft Production
1561:United Kingdom in World War II
1556:Ministries established in 1918
1531:History of the Royal Air Force
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1036:. Retrieved on 19 January 2007
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892:efforts included the branch's
852:By April 1944, the ministry's
628:With the fall of Lloyd George
616:and appointed his Chief Whip,
230:'s Royal Flying Corps and the
33:For the Italian ministry, see
1:
1084:A History Of The Air Ministry
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531:This led the Prime Minister,
451:Deputy Chief of the Air Staff
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526:President of the Air Council
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414:was constituted as follows:
7:
1099:Joubert de la Ferté, Philip
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625:to develop civil aviation.
612:appointed Churchill to the
461:Master General of Personnel
283:Squadron Commander W Briggs
222:The Joint War Air Committee
10:
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1371:David Edgerton (historian)
961:Secretary of State for Air
758:(1959–67) and finally the
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537:Secretary of State for Air
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135:Secretary of State for Air
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1337:. London: Jonathan Cape
1316:. London: Jonathan Cape
1295:. London: Jonathan Cape
1274:. London: Jonathan Cape
1253:. London: Jonathan Cape
1051:From Biplane to Spitfire
894:V-1 and V-2 Intelligence
801:Research and development
688:University Air Squadrons
678:foundation stone of the
406:was appointed the first
167:was a department of the
1151:8 February 2007 at the
1010:Trenchard Man of Vision
833:World War II technology
646:Imperial Airship Scheme
565:Royal Naval Air Service
551:or the Foreign Office.
236:Royal Naval Air Service
35:Ministry of Aeronautics
760:Ministry of Technology
675:Chief of the Air Staff
669:An early priority for
580:Chief of the Air Staff
441:Chief of the Air Staff
211:Imperial General Staff
160:
84:Superseding Department
1436:official site of the
1028:15 March 2007 at the
1008:(1962). "Chapter 8".
985:18 March 2007 at the
866:the Gibraltar barrage
820:Meteorological Office
477:Ministry of Munitions
410:. On 3 January, the
348:Ministry of Munitions
158:
114:Air Ministry Building
1432:19 July 2006 at the
882:German nightfighters
756:Ministry of Aviation
326:In January 1917 the
322:The second Air Board
128:Department executive
28:Ministry of Aviation
1416:on 16 January 2009.
1055:Pen And Sword Books
914:Ministry of Defence
816:weather forecasting
810:Weather forecasting
715:Aircraft production
657:commenced in 1932.
623:Sir Sefton Brancker
573:RAF Coastal Command
571:the predecessor of
510:History – from 1918
430:Sir David Henderson
428:Lieutenant-General
308:The first Air Board
292:Lieutenant-Colonel
91:Ministry of Defence
63:Department overview
44:
1333:Cross J.A. (1977)
1312:Cross J.A. (1977)
1291:Cross J.A. (1977)
1270:Cross J.A. (1977)
1249:Cross J.A. (1977)
934:. You can help by
843:Robert Watson-Watt
780:. You can help by
752:Ministry of Supply
737:Nevil Shute Norway
671:Sir Hugh Trenchard
598:Sir Hugh Trenchard
577:Sir Hugh Trenchard
437:Sir Hugh Trenchard
331:David Lloyd George
194:Royal Flying Corps
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1103:The Third Service
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608:In February 1921
554:The Army and the
188:The Air Committee
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457:Godfrey Paine
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339:Godfrey Paine
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303:The Air Board
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294:E L Ellington
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29:
22:
1526:Air Ministry
1477:
1472:Jones, R. V.
1466:
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1414:the original
1404:
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782:adding to it
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642:Lord Thomson
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610:Lloyd George
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518:
504:Army Council
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408:Air Minister
400:Royal Assent
384:
376:Lloyd George
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352:
335:Lord Cowdray
325:
311:
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260:
225:
191:
165:Air Ministry
164:
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110:Headquarters
100:Jurisdiction
43:Air Ministry
39:
1359:Nevil Shute
1079:Grey, C. G.
1047:Baker, Anne
878:heavy water
762:(1967–70).
412:Air Council
355:Hotel Cecil
265:Chairman –
250:Lord Curzon
1520:Categories
1355:Slide Rule
1345:pp.104–105
992:RAF Museum
967:References
910:War Office
888:). Other
886:R.V. Jones
880:, and the
847:Chain Home
710:Activities
561:Royal Navy
556:War Office
392:Royal Navy
363:Bolo Pasha
359:the Strand
279:M F Sueter
267:Lord Derby
257:Membership
246:Lord Derby
202:War Office
1450:GB 593017
1282:pp.99–100
906:Admiralty
900:Abolition
858:the beams
839:death ray
661:1927–1929
634:Bonar Law
604:1921–1927
515:1918–1921
486:J L Baird
447:Mark Kerr
398:received
380:Jan Smuts
198:Admiralty
118:Whitehall
76:Dissolved
1484:335, 437
1474:(1978).
1430:Archived
1240:pp.12–15
1149:Archived
1125:Archived
1101:(1955).
1081:(1940).
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983:Archived
955:See also
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789:May 2008
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582:and Sir
500:Kingsway
209:and the
200:and the
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315:Cabinet
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484:Major
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1131:6 May
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1488:ISBN
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