Health - Knowledge

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assessment at that point of progress or lack thereof. Progress has been limited to many objectives, leading to concerns about the effectiveness of Healthy People in shaping outcomes in the context of a decentralized and uncoordinated US health system. Healthy People 2020 gives more prominence to health promotion and preventive approaches and adds a substantive focus on the importance of addressing social determinants of health. A new expanded digital interface facilitates use and dissemination rather than bulky printed books as produced in the past. The impact of these changes to Healthy People will be determined in the coming years.

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not as a state, but in dynamic terms of resiliency, in other words, as "a resource for living". In 1984, WHO revised the definition of health defined it as "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities." Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain

748: 1167: 346: 1569: 991: 993: 841:. The CDC states that physical exercise can reduce the risks of heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, depression, and anxiety. For the purpose of counteracting possible risks, it is often recommended to start physical exercise gradually as one goes. Participating in any exercising, whether it is housework, yardwork, walking or standing up when talking on the phone, is often thought to be better than none when it comes to health. 1395: 994: 158:, in terms of "physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". Although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized for being vague and excessively broad and was not construed as measurable. For a long time, it was set aside as an impractical ideal, with most discussions of health returning to the practicality of the biomedical model. 4244: 1406:

Public health has been described as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals." It is concerned with threats to the overall health of a

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Transparency of information is another factor defining a delivery system. Access to information on conditions, treatments, quality, and pricing greatly affects the choice by patients/consumers and, therefore, the incentives of medical professionals. While the US healthcare system has come under fire

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Although the majority of these health issues are preventable, a major contributor to global ill health is the fact that approximately 1 billion people lack access to health care systems. Arguably, the most common and harmful health issue is that a great many people do not have access to quality

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In the first decade of the 21st century, the conceptualization of health as an ability opened the door for self-assessments to become the main indicators to judge the performance of efforts aimed at improving human health. It also created the opportunity for every person to feel healthy, even in the

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interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other factors are known to influence the health status of individuals. These are referred to as the "determinants of health", which include the individual's background, lifestyle, economic status, social conditions and spirituality; Studies have

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Just as there was a shift from viewing disease as a state to thinking of it as a process, the same shift happened in definitions of health. Again, the WHO played a leading role when it fostered the development of the health promotion movement in the 1980s. This brought in a new conception of health,

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Mental illness is described as 'the spectrum of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral conditions that interfere with social and emotional well-being and the lives and productivity of people. Having a mental illness can seriously impair, temporarily or permanently, the mental functioning of a person.

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Program has been a visible component of the United States' approach to improving population health. In each decade, a new version of Healthy People is issued, featuring updated goals and identifying topic areas and quantifiable objectives for health improvement during the succeeding ten years, with

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World Health Organization (2005). Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging evidence, Practice: A report of the World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse in collaboration with the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation and the University of Melbourne. World Health

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to humans", speaking to the dangers of long-term nighttime work due to its intrusion on sleep. In 2015, the National Sleep Foundation released updated recommendations for sleep duration requirements based on age, and concluded that "Individuals who habitually sleep outside the normal range may be

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has been linked to an increased risk for some chronic health problems. In addition, sleep deprivation has been shown to correlate with both increased susceptibility to illness and slower recovery times from illness. In one study, people with chronic insufficient sleep, set as six hours of sleep a

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societies provide no guarantee of healthcare for the population as a whole. In such societies, healthcare is available to those that can afford to pay for it or have self-insured it (either directly or as part of an employment contract) or who may be covered by care financed by the government or

523:, linked to lower overall health and well-being. It has been demonstrated that increased time spent in natural environments is associated with improved self-reported health, suggesting that the positive health benefits of natural space in urban neighborhoods should be taken into account in 625:

Lifestyle choices are contributing factors to poor health in many cases. These include smoking cigarettes, and can also include a poor diet, whether it is overeating or an overly constrictive diet. Inactivity can also contribute to health issues and also a lack of sleep, excessive alcohol

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is a pyramid-shaped guide of healthy foods divided into sections. Each section shows the recommended intake for each food group (i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrates and sugars). Making healthy food choices can lower one's risk of heart disease and the risk of developing some types of

1155:. This is intended to ensure that the entire population has access to medical care on the basis of need rather than ability to pay. Delivery may be via private medical practices or by state-owned hospitals and clinics, or by charities, most commonly by a combination of all three. 1347:

In low-income countries, modern healthcare is often too expensive for the average person. International healthcare policy researchers have advocated that "user fees" be removed in these areas to ensure access, although even after removal, significant costs and barriers remain.

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in their offices or clinics or at local community hospitals for a patient referred by a primary care provider who first diagnosed or treated the patient. Referrals are made for those patients who required the expertise or procedures performed by specialists. These include both

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for lack of openness, new legislation may encourage greater openness. There is a perceived tension between the need for transparency on the one hand and such issues as patient confidentiality and the possible exploitation of information for commercial gain on the other.

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over age 70, found that frequent volunteering was associated with reduced risk of dying compared with older persons who did not volunteer, regardless of physical health status. Another study from Singapore reported that volunteering retirees had significantly better

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in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community". Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness.

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and health-related issues to understand how humans (and animals) function, and the application of that knowledge to improve health and to prevent and cure diseases and other physical and mental impairments. The science builds on many sub-fields, including

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and financing frameworks are established by individual governments, augmented on occasion by international organizations, such as churches. The characteristics of any given health care system have significant impact on the way medical care is provided.

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Personal health depends partially on the active, passive, and assisted cues people observe and adopt about their own health. These include personal actions for preventing or minimizing the effects of a disease, usually a chronic condition, through

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In general, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for both his health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of

372:. Beverage taxes came into light with increasing concerns about obesity, particularly among youth. Sugar-sweetened beverages have become a target of anti-obesity initiatives with increasing evidence of their link to obesity.—such as the 1974 607:, especially among children. One of the groups malnutrition affects most is young children. Approximately 7.5 million children under the age of 5 die from malnutrition, usually brought on by not having the money to find or make food. 767:

are consumed in relatively large quantities and include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and fatty acids. Micronutrients – vitamins and minerals – are consumed in relatively smaller quantities, but are essential to body processes. The

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Approximately twenty percent of all adults in the US are considered diagnosable with a mental disorder. Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States and Canada. Examples of these disorders include

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and recover from adverse events. Mental, intellectual, emotional and social health referred to a person's ability to handle stress, to acquire skills, to maintain relationships, all of which form resources for resiliency and

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further stated that health is not just a state, but also "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."

134:. An example of such a definition of health is: "a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with 1527:

The great positive impact of public health programs is widely acknowledged. Due in part to the policies and actions developed through public health, the 20th century registered a decrease in the mortality rates for

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causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still, other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as

3708: 2242: 2235:"Creating a Pandemic of Health: Opportunities and Lessons for a University Initiative at the Intersection of Health, Equity, and Innovation | Harvard Public Health Review: A Student Publication" 2038:

Health promotion : a discussion document on the concept and principles : summary report of the Working Group on Concept and Principles of Health Promotion, Copenhagen, 9–13 July 1984

1249:, schools, home visits, and other places close to patients. About 90% of medical visits can be treated by the primary care provider. These include treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, 130:

perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body's ability to function; health was seen as a state of normal function that could be disrupted from time to time by

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Many governments view occupational health as a social challenge and have formed public organizations to ensure the health and safety of workers. Examples of these include the British

1619:, a patient who notices his or her shoes are tighter than usual may be having exacerbation of left-sided heart failure, and may require diuretic medication to reduce fluid overload). 864:

night or less, were found to be four times more likely to catch a cold compared to those who reported sleeping for seven hours or more a night. Due to the role of sleep in regulating

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medical services are provided by specialist hospitals or regional centers equipped with diagnostic and treatment facilities not generally available at local hospitals. These include

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to the body. Such nutrients provide the body with energy and keep it running. Nutrients help build and strengthen bones, muscles, and tendons and also regulate body processes (i.e.,

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consumption, and neglect of oral hygiene. There are also genetic disorders that are inherited by the person and can vary in how much they affect the person (and when they surface).

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An increasing number of studies and reports from different organizations and contexts examine the linkages between health and different factors, including lifestyles, environments,

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Garrido M; González-Flores D; Marchena AM; Propr E; García-Parra J; Barriga C; Rodríguez A.B. (2013). "A lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil enhances antioxidant status in humans".

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Andreyeva, Tatiana; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Brownell, Kelly D. (2011). "Estimating the potential of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce consumption and generate revenue".

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are examples of common preventive public health measures, as are educational campaigns to promote vaccination and the use of condoms (including overcoming resistance to such).

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or a terminal condition, and for the re-examination of determinants of health (away from the traditional approach that focuses on the reduction of the prevalence of diseases).

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is one of the most common. According to GlobalIssues.org, approximately 36 million people die each year from non-communicable (i.e., not contagious) diseases, including

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in most parts of the world. For example, it is estimated that life expectancy has increased for Americans by thirty years since 1900, and worldwide by six years since 1990.

3954: 3525: 3537: 190:. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of 1508:. One issue is the access of individuals and communities to health care in terms of financial, geographical or socio-cultural constraints. Applications of the public 1411:

analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a

1611: – such as about sleep patterns, exercise behavior, nutritional intake and environmental features – may be used to inform personal decisions and actions ( 3656: 2057: 755:

An important way to maintain one's personal health is to have a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods that provide

1097:. Clinical practitioners focus mainly on the health of individuals, while public health practitioners consider the overall health of communities and populations. 1061:

Organized interventions to improve health based on the principles and procedures developed through the health sciences are provided by practitioners trained in

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White, Mathew P.; Alcock, Ian; Grellier, James; Wheeler, Benedict W.; Hartig, Terry; Warber, Sara L.; Depledge, Michael H.; Fleming, Lora E. (13 June 2019).

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Wingard DL, Berkman LF, Brand RJ (1982). "A multivariate analysis of health-related practices: a nine-year mortality follow-up of the Alameda County Study".

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Lifestyle: the aggregation of personal decisions (i.e., over which the individual has control) that can be said to contribute to, or cause, illness or death;

407:, emerged from the Lalonde report from Canada. The report identified three interdependent fields as key determinants of an individual's health. These are: 1374:

there are centuries of tradition for separating pharmacists from physicians. In Asian countries, it is traditional for physicians to also provide drugs.

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The focus of public health interventions is to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other health conditions through surveillance of cases and the

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skills, reduces uncertainty and builds confidence, which also reduces the reaction to stress-causing situations where those skills are applicable.

533:, or inherited traits from parents, also play a role in determining the health status of individuals and populations. This can encompass both the 2068:

Benz, J; Blakey, C; Oppenheimer, C.C; Scherer, H; Robinson, W.T (2013). "The healthy people initiative: Understanding the user's perspective".

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Modern medical care also depends on information – still delivered in many health care settings on paper records, but increasingly nowadays by

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today remains the largest non-government provider of medical services in the world. Advanced industrial countries (with the exception of the

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all have been found to contribute to good health, especially to the health of infants and children. Some studies have shown that a lack of

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over the relative strengths of genetics and other factors; interactions between genetics and environment may be of particular importance.

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If you want to learn about the health of a population, look at the air they breathe, the water they drink, and the places where they live.

3626: 2013: 1615:, "I feel tired in the morning so I am going to try sleeping on a different pillow"), as well as clinical decisions and treatment plans ( 877: 487:

The environment is often cited as an important factor influencing the health status of individuals. This includes characteristics of the

2976: 4376: 3034:"Health, Non-Medical Determinants of Health, Body weight, Overweight or obese population, self-reported and measured, Total population" 1101:

programs are increasingly being adopted by companies for their value in improving the health and well-being of their employees, as are

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centers, etc. Some primary care providers may also take care of hospitalized patients and deliver babies in a secondary care setting.

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Stokes, J.; Noren, J.; Shindell, S. (1 January 1982). "Definition of terms and concepts applicable to clinical preventive medicine".

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From ancient times, Christian emphasis on practical charity gave rise to the development of systematic nursing and hospitals and the

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has a variety of definitions, which have been used for different purposes over time. In general, it refers to physical and emotional

2607:"Recreational Values of the Natural Environment in Relation to Neighborhood Satisfaction, Physical Activity, Obesity and Well being" 893:

exhibiting signs or symptoms of serious health problems or, if done volitionally, may be compromising their health and well-being."

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is commonly associated with health-promoting effects. This is sometimes attributed to the inclusion of bioactive compounds such as

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to certain diseases and health conditions, as well as the habits and behaviors individuals develop through the lifestyle of their

4423: 3904: 2964: 3993: 3875: 1630:, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and also increased longevity. One American study among 553:

that contributes to poor mental health and causes stress in the lives of many people. One difficulty is the issue raised by the

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More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include the following:

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Sleep is an essential component to maintaining health. In children, sleep is also vital for growth and development. Ongoing

1845: 3648: 3233: 2364: 4408: 4012:"Continued work employment and volunteerism and mental well-being of older adults: Singapore longitudinal ageing studies" 3059:"Health, Non-Medical Determinants of Health, Body weight, Obese population, self-reported and measured, Total population" 435: 411:

Biomedical: all aspects of health, physical and mental, developed within the human body as influenced by genetic make-up.

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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

2054: 2882:"Preserving Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Psychopathology: Buffering Effects of Personal Strengths and Resources" 2833: 1042:. Applied health sciences endeavor to better understand and improve human health through applications in areas such as 519:

recreational spaces including natural environment leads to lower levels of personal satisfaction and higher levels of

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risks, many jobs also present risks of disease, illness and other long-term health problems. Among the most common

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can co-exist, as even people with multiple chronic diseases or terminal illnesses can consider themselves healthy.

2780: 4718: 4208: 3498: 3955:"Volunteering is Associated with Delayed Mortality in Older People: Analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Aging" 3310:

Pilkington, Stephanie (7 August 2013). "Causes and consequences of sleep deprivation in hospitalized patients".

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Adopted at the First International Conference on Health Promotion, Ottawa, 21 November 1986 – WHO/HPR/HEP/95.1.

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Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong

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Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by

2128:"A Perspective on the Development of the Healthy People 2020 Framework for Improving U.S. Population Health" 5375: 3444: 1608: 1009:

is the branch of science focused on health. There are two main approaches to health science: the study and

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knowledge and practices as well as personal strategies and organized interventions for staying healthy.

5225: 4743: 4531: 2284: 1877: – range of approaches to preventing, detecting or treating young people’s health risks and issues 3567: 4459: 3418:"IARC Monographs Programme finds cancer hazards associated with shiftwork, painting and firefighting" 3236:. Go4Life, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health. 15 May 2014. Archived from 2531:"On Living a Long, Healthy, and Happy Life, Full of Love, and with no Regrets, until Our Last Breath" 881: 670: 645: 368:, one specific health policy brought into many countries in recent years was the introduction of the 280: 243: 151: 92: 4093: 2939: 1516:

and child health, health services administration, emergency response, and prevention and control of

1207: 5242: 4810: 4418: 4343: 2590: 1455: 1451: 1341: 1148: 734: 191: 106: 4232: 3445:"National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary" 1898: 250:

environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.

4248: 3789:"Impact of separating drug prescribing and dispensing on provider behaviour: Taiwan's experience" 1555: 1415:). Public health has many sub-fields, but typically includes the interdisciplinary categories of 1281: 20: 3740:"Removal of user fees no guarantee of universal health coverage: observations from Burkina Faso" 3285: 3259: 1728:

that many workers are vulnerable to. Workers may also be vulnerable to skin diseases, including

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Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from the

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Provision of medical care is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary care categories.

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The maintenance and promotion of health is achieved through different combination of physical,

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and adequate sleep, and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as

4825: 4269: 3528:. Institute of Medicine at the National Academies of Science. 14 January 2004. Archived from 2657:"Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing" 1705: 1402:, 1933. Public health has been promoted – and depicted – in a wide variety of ways. 1144: 818: 554: 239: 5045: 2995: 3841: 3199: 2893: 2668: 2606: 1821: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1487: 1428: 1359: 1277: 1094: 1086: 865: 739: 444: 393: 377: 183: 1496:

also takes various actions to limit the health disparities between different areas of the

8: 4880: 4820: 4681: 4413: 4316: 3083: 2781:"What are the different ways a genetic condition can be inherited?: MedlinePlus Genetics" 1764: 1725: 1721: 1440: 1234: 817:

and overall health and wellness. It strengthens one's bones and muscles and improves the

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Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the evolution of

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is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase tolerance to stress.

1517: 1458:. Its aim is to prevent health problems from happening or re-occurring by implementing 1297: 1264: 1238: 1140: 1120: 1098: 781: 769: 496: 361: 168: 71: 2764: 171:. This opens up many possibilities for health to be taught, strengthened and learned. 5186: 5180: 4938: 4931: 4800: 4641: 4499: 4082: 4068: 4033: 3977: 3857: 3810: 3769: 3618: 3587: 3504: 3476: 3464: 3399: 3327: 3323: 3215: 2921: 2735: 2704: 2686: 2629: 2511: 2458: 2387: 2345: 2216: 2208: 2093: 2085: 2034: 1982: 1949: 1941: 1868: 1862: 1839: 1787:

in many countries, have further complicated the interaction between work and health.

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Other terms include: 'mental health problem', 'illness', 'disorder', 'dysfunction'.

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Bodily injuries are also a common health issue worldwide. These injuries, including

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Percentage of overweight or obese population in 2010. Data source: OECD's iLibrary.

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Another health issue that causes death or contributes to other health problems is

5365: 5307: 5020: 4954: 4875: 4304: 2983: 2906: 2530: 2448: 2316: 2081: 2061: 2006:"Part 1 – Theory: Thinking About Health Chapter 1 Concepts of Health and Illness" 1850: 1683: 1679: 1623: 1559: 1537: 1521: 1513: 1424: 1301: 1269: 1250: 1132: 728: 686: 4053:"Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain" 2341: 1678:, which work by reducing response to stress. Improving relevant skills, such as 541:. For example, genetics may play a role in the manner in which people cope with 5066: 4444: 3853: 3460: 3237: 2681: 2605:

Björk J, Albin M, Grahn P, Jacobsson H, Ardö J, Wadbro J, Ostergren PO (2008).

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The UN World Water Development Report: Facts and Figures – Meeting basic needs.

2036: 1836: – Study and causes of differences in the quality of health and healthcare 1815: 1772: 1760: 1753: 1709: 1394: 1260: 1006: 980: 764: 760: 460: 373: 290: 235: 212: 3890: 3420:. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 5 December 2007. Archived from 2879: 2731: 2203: 2186: 1976: 5359: 5251: 4865: 4850: 4830: 4631: 4616: 4601: 4514: 4509: 4403: 4387: 4326: 4227: 3973: 3591: 3508: 2690: 2625: 2391: 2212: 2159: 2089: 1945: 1833: 1824: – Public health branch focused on environmental impacts on human health 1795: 1768: 1767:, presenting a different array of health problems than those associated with 1640: 1596: 1509: 1493: 1463: 1420: 1389: 1383: 1371: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1136: 1055: 1051: 998:

The Dutch Public Health Service provides medical care for the natives of the

747: 662: 639: 611: 550: 524: 516: 426: 389: 385: 365: 331: 300: 275: 147: 74:, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to 5193: 5117: 4028: 4011: 3805: 3788: 3738:

Laokri S, Weil O, Drabo KM, Dembelé SM, Kafando B, Dujardin B (April 2013).

3568:"Factors Affecting the Nutritional Health of Tribal Children in Maharashtra" 3189: 2837: 1806:, which handles regulation and policy relating to worker safety and health. 345: 58:

Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular

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Kantola, Jussi Ilari; Barath, Tibor; Nazir, Salman; Andre, Terence (2017).

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Jonathan, E. Fielding; Shiriki, Kumanyika; Ronald, W. Manderscheid (2013).

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are physical methods used to relieve stress. Psychological methods include

1627: 1600: 1568: 1416: 1305: 1246: 1226: 1035: 1031: 1023: 724: 604: 593: 195: 3755: 2515: 2187:"Creating a pandemic of health: What is the role of digital technologies?" 1953: 1842: – Natural, artificial, or technological alteration of the human body 618:, can reduce a person's quality of life or can cause fatalities including 4905: 4795: 4713: 4636: 4586: 4489: 4116: 3829: 3385: 3142: 1745: 1604: 1479: 1399: 1323: 1187: 1078: 984: 873: 869: 834: 712: 456: 228: 203: 163: 48: 3538:"The Case For Single Payer, Universal Health Care for the United States" 150:". Then, in 1948, in a radical departure from previous definitions, the 5218: 5027: 4995: 4860: 4785: 4753: 4733: 4606: 4596: 4556: 4536: 4494: 1937: 1856: 1733: 1671: 1363: 1289: 1124: 1082: 1014: 889: 789: 649: 415: 319: 155: 143: 139: 135: 36: 32: 16:

Desirable level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being

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Advances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education

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jobs has risen in developed countries, more and more jobs have become

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Chou YJ, Yip WC, Lee CH, Huang N, Sun YP, Chang HJ (September 2003).

1802:, which conducts research on occupational health and safety, and the 1737: 1713: 1636: 1549: 1501: 1355: 1293: 1273: 1230: 1070: 826: 756: 751:

Percentage of obese population in 2010. Data source: OECD's iLibrary.

619: 262: 5138: 692: Many factors contribute to mental health problems, including: 5259: 5080: 4988: 4870: 4790: 4748: 4723: 4698: 4646: 4576: 4521: 4484: 4479: 4469: 4464: 4454: 1871: – Broad subject that encompasses all facets of women's health 1784: 1675: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1412: 1334: 1195: 1166: 1114: 1074: 1062: 1010: 810: 805: 793: 622:

that resulted from the injury (or the severity injury in general).

578: 538: 530: 448: 429:, and social well-being—a combination sometimes referred to as the 404: 353: 304: 266: 5338: 5200: 3679:"Types of health care providers: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" 3443:

Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; et al. (14 January 2015).

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The meaning of health has evolved over time. In keeping with the

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may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in

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HSE (Health and Safety Executive of Great Britain) Skin at work

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This article is about the human condition. For other uses, see

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World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (1984).

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Lifestyle Management: Achieving & Maintaining Good Health

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Bos, E.H.; Snippe, E.; de Jonge, P.; Jeronimus, B.F. (2016).

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Environmental: all matters related to health external to the

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are the most common, causing millions of deaths every year.

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with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease.

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can be vital to preventing it in others, such as during an

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shown that high levels of stress can affect human health.

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choices of the individual and society. According to the

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Housman, Jeff; Dorman, Steve (September–October 2005).

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Among communicable diseases, both viral and bacterial,

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A number of health issues are common around the globe.

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and over which the individual has little or no control;

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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

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issues including access to health care and improving

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is a practice in medicine and pharmacy in which the

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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1151:system, or compulsory private or co-operative 1147:that aims to guarantee care for all through a 880:, which is the cancer research agency for the 5336: 5320: 4270: 2489: 2362: 1804:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1143:provide medical services through a system of 868:, insufficient sleep may also play a role in 4151:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4010:Schwingel A, Niti MM, Tang C, Ng TP (2009). 2307:A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians 1830: – Process of the restoration of health 1454:, and (in aspects relevant to human health) 5272: 5249: 5240: 5231: 3010: 3008: 2598: 2528: 2114:History & Development of Healthy People 1443:are also important areas of public health. 878:International Agency for Research on Cancer 70:. Some factors affecting health are due to 4377:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues 4277: 4263: 3827: 3309: 3264:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2299: 2297: 2295: 1903:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4076: 4050: 4027: 3928: 3903:Association of Schools of Public Health. 3874:Association of Schools of Public Health. 3804: 3763: 3744:Bulletin of the World Health Organization 3393: 3344: 3167:. Livelifewell.nsw.gov.au. Archived from 3051: 2915: 2905: 2698: 2680: 2546: 2311:Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services. 2202: 884:, declared that "shiftwork that involves 702:Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse 3540:. Cthealth.server101.com. 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Intrahealth.org. 15 January 2013 2748: 2508:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113466 1975:World Health Organization (1958). 1603:; storing, preparing and handling 974: 174:Since the late 1970s, the federal 14: 5387: 4202: 1995: 1263:medical services are provided by 1229:medical services are provided by 965:Older Adults (65 years and over) 380:in California; and the series of 4242: 4092: 3324:10.7748/ns2013.08.27.49.35.e7649 2438:Georgia State University. 1998. 2283:Public Health Agency of Canada. 1647:than non-volunteering retirees. 633: 549:is a significant problem in the 4138: 4100: 4044: 4003: 3953:Harris AH, Thoresen CE (2005). 3946: 3913: 3897: 3883: 3868: 3821: 3780: 3731: 3701: 3671: 3641: 3598: 3559: 3515: 3500:A Short History of Christianity 3490: 3436: 3410: 3361: 3338: 3303: 3278: 3252: 3226: 3183: 3157: 3127: 3101: 3076: 2989: 2970: 2957: 2932: 2863: 2823: 2797: 2773: 2715: 2648: 2583: 2569: 2555: 2522: 2483: 2470: 2429: 2414: 2402:. ERIC document number EJ792845 2321: 2277: 2227: 2191:Journal of Public Health Policy 2178: 1899:"Benefits of Physical Activity" 1689: 218: 4362:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues 4069:10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.4/bmcewen 3935:Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 3584:10.1080/09735070.2010.11886359 2834:"United Nations Global Issues" 2384:10.1080/19325037.2005.10608200 2152: 2119: 2107: 2055:Federal Prevention Initiatives 2045: 2028: 1968: 1917: 1891: 1696:Occupational safety and health 706: 683:post-traumatic stress disorder 330:Personal health practices and 1: 4181:"Health and Safety Executive" 4117:"Skin Exposure & Effects" 3002:. Retrieved 16 November 2019. 2763:Shah, Anup (5 January 2014). 2289:Ottawa. Accessed 12 May 2011. 2274:Geneva. Accessed 12 May 2011. 2239:harvardpublichealthreview.org 1884: 1587:. They also include personal 1573: 1482:programs and distribution of 1448:promotion of healthy behavior 1257:for all ages and both sexes. 876:. 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U.S. Department of Labor 3854:10.1126/science.51.1306.23 3793:Health Policy and Planning 3605:Sipkoff M (January 2004). 3461:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010 3110:"What are macronutrients?" 2682:10.1038/s41598-019-44097-3 1818: – Impact of diseases 1693: 1553: 1547: 1387: 1381: 1185: 1112: 978: 848: 803: 732: 722: 637: 581:and chronic lung disease. 222: 86: 18: 5292: 5210: 5037: 4964: 4914: 4437: 4335: 4292: 4228:Resources in your library 4112:Retrieved on 20 June 2009 3940:Health in Everyday Living 3925:, accessed 20 April 2011. 3572:Studies on Ethno-Medicine 3260:"Physical Activity Facts" 3114:MD Anderson Cancer Center 2732:10.1007/978-3-319-42070-7 2490:Housman & Dorman 2005 2204:10.1057/s41271-016-0016-1 1572:A lady washing her hands 1486:to prevent the spread of 933:Preschoolers (3–5 years) 882:World Health Organization 671:major depressive disorder 646:World Health Organization 244:World Health Organization 213:multiple chronic diseases 152:World Health Organization 111:World Health Organization 93:World Health Organization 3974:10.1177/1359105305057310 3922:Life expectancy at birth 2996:"What Is Mental Health?" 2836:. Un.org. Archived from 2626:10.1136/jech.2007.062414 1500:and, in some cases, the 1362:is independent from the 1149:single-payer health care 949:Teenagers (14–17 years) 844: 735:List of nutrition guides 499:. Factors such as clean 392:outcomes, especially in 362:health care organization 356:eradication team in 1966 4057:Dialogues Clin Neurosci 3910:Retrieved 24 June 2010. 3906:Impact of Public Health 3709:"Secondary Health Care" 3374:Obesity (Silver Spring) 3064:. OECD's iLibrary. 2013 3039:. OECD's iLibrary. 2013 2457:. Anchor Points, Inc., 2423:The world health report 2315:28 October 2014 at the 2286:What Determines Health? 2160:"How stressed are you?" 1779:and issues relating to 1556:Chronic care management 1330:, high-risk pregnancy, 1282:intensive care medicine 1095:health care professions 888:disruption is probably 718: 21:Health (disambiguation) 5337: 5321: 5273: 5250: 5241: 5232: 3880:Retrieved 24 June 2010 3877:What is Public Health? 2447:11 August 2019 at the 2441:Health Triangle Slides 2303:Lalonde, Marc (1974). 1750:carpal tunnel syndrome 1579: 1403: 1223: 1174: 1103:school health services 1048:biomedical engineering 1003: 917:Infants (4–11 months) 909:Newborns (0–3 months) 813:enhances or maintains 752: 744: 571:cardiovascular disease 485: 357: 101: 4826:Righteous indignation 4029:10.1093/ageing/afp089 3806:10.1093/heapol/czg038 3756:10.2471/BLT.12.110015 3234:"4 Types of Exercise" 2870:Organization. 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According to the 489:natural environment 403:" as distinct from 286:Social environments 192:healthy communities 188:veterinary sciences 4846:Self-transcendence 4438:Individual virtues 4382:Nine Noble Virtues 4311:Nicomachean Ethics 4051:McEwen BS (2006). 3503:. Penguin Viking. 3497:Blainey G (2011). 2940:"Mental disorders" 2661:Scientific Reports 2535:Verhaltenstherapie 1938:10.1007/bf01324395 1580: 1404: 1296:units, diagnostic 1290:labor and delivery 1224: 1175: 1099:Workplace wellness 1004: 901:Age and condition 896: 786:phenolic compounds 782:Mediterranean diet 770:food guide pyramid 753: 745: 497:social environment 463:use, and avoiding 431:"health triangle." 358: 169:independent living 72:individual choices 5353: 5352: 5349: 5348: 4500:Conscientiousness 4367:Epistemic virtues 4247:Media related to 4209:Library resources 3653:www.arthapedia.in 3212:10.1002/jsfa.5972 3016:"OECD Statistics" 2811:. August 20, 2021 2741:978-3-319-42069-1 2548:10.1159/000357490 2453:Nutter S. 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Geneva: WHO. 1973: 1969: 1922: 1918: 1908: 1906: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1878: 1812: 1700:In addition to 1698: 1692: 1684:time management 1680:problem solving 1576: 1566: 1560:Social relation 1552: 1546: 1538:life expectancy 1425:health services 1398:Postage stamp, 1392: 1386: 1380: 1358:who provides a 1326:unit services, 1302:medical imaging 1270:ambulatory care 1251:preventive care 1202: 1184: 1133:Catholic Church 1117: 1111: 989: 987: 979:Main articles: 977: 975:Role of science 936:10 to 13 hours 928:11 to 14 hours 920:12 to 15 hours 912:14 to 17 hours 857: 849:Main articles: 847: 808: 802: 737: 731: 729:Human nutrition 723:Main articles: 721: 709: 642: 636: 563: 484: 481: 433:The WHO's 1986 343: 231: 221: 124: 115: 113: 105: 103: 96: 89: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5389: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5351: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5343: 5334: 5327: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5279: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5247: 5238: 5229: 5222: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5197: 5190: 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196:healthy cities 176:Healthy People 107:"Constitution" 91: 90: 88: 85: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5388: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5371:Personal life 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4991: 4990: 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4095: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4063:(4): 367–81. 4062: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4022:(5): 531–37. 4021: 4017: 4013: 4006: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3968:(6): 739–52. 3967: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3943: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3924: 3923: 3916: 3909: 3907: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3886: 3879: 3878: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3799:(3): 316–29. 3798: 3794: 3790: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3750:(4): 277–82. 3749: 3745: 3741: 3734: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3674: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3493: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3439: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3380:(3): 643–53. 3379: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3318:(49): 35–42. 3317: 3313: 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Retrieved 4169:. Retrieved 4153:. Retrieved 4140: 4125:. Retrieved 4121:NIOSH Topics 4120: 4102: 4060: 4056: 4046: 4019: 4015: 4005: 3994:the original 3965: 3961: 3948: 3939: 3930: 3921: 3915: 3905: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3876: 3870: 3837: 3833: 3823: 3796: 3792: 3782: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3721:. Retrieved 3712: 3703: 3691:. Retrieved 3682: 3673: 3661:. Retrieved 3652: 3643: 3631:. Retrieved 3617:(1): 38–42. 3614: 3611:Managed Care 3610: 3600: 3578:(1): 21–36. 3575: 3571: 3561: 3546:. Retrieved 3542:the original 3530:the original 3517: 3499: 3492: 3480:. Retrieved 3455:(1): 40–43. 3452: 3449:Sleep Health 3448: 3438: 3426:. Retrieved 3422:the original 3412: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3351:. Retrieved 3340: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3293:. Retrieved 3289: 3280: 3268:. Retrieved 3263: 3254: 3242:. Retrieved 3238:the original 3228: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3173:. Retrieved 3169:the original 3159: 3149:24 September 3147:. Retrieved 3143:the original 3138: 3129: 3117:. Retrieved 3113: 3103: 3091:. 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