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on 8 January 1943, and his airman status and developing
English skill soon allowed him act as a leader and translator. A guard he befriended probably gave him an army bugle, made by Boosey and Hawkes Ltd of London, to practice with. Later, as many more Japanese POWs arrived, tensions increased due to
423:
In August 1944, after being informed of a mass prisoner transfer, Toyoshima signaled the start of the mass escape with a bugle call. Soon, many of the compound's buildings were alight and 1,100 prisoners were charging the fences and guard towers. In the chaos, he died (recorded as "Gun shot wound to
346:
suffering superficial facial injuries. He then strove to move far away from the plane, understanding that the aircraft and a captured pilot would aid Allied
Military intelligence. Before Toyoshima's crash, only nine Zeros had been shot down and the badly damaged wrecks were of little value.
401:. From the outset of captivity, he actively sought to learn English, both from soldiers, local internees, and friendly guards. One Melbourne guard, a former policeman called Sam Shallard, stayed in contact with Toyoshima through letters after his move.
243:
and seems to have been reasonably intelligent and well educated - enough to be accepted into a pilot training school. Little else is known of
Toyoshima's early life particularly as many records were destroyed during the war.
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997:
227:
Toyoshima was the first
Japanese prisoner of war to be captured in Australia. In August 1944, while a POW in rural New South Wales, Toyoshima was one of the instigators of the
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366:). It was not connected to Toyoshima, since he told his captors he was a gunner from a bomber not involved in the raid and since he was now using the alias "Tadao Minami"
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chest and self-inflicted wound" to his throat) alongside 230 other
Japanese in the breakout and his identity as a Zero pilot was not discovered until the 1960s.
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After an hour over Darwin, and while returning, he ran out of fuel due to bullet damage to his fuel tank, and crash-landed on
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Hajime
Toyoshima was born on March 29, 1920 (alternatively March 20, 1919) and had a brother named Tadao. Toyoshima was from
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362:. His plane was found a few days after that, and was extensively studied (with the surviving wreck now preserved in the
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was the first of that type to be recovered relatively intact on Allied territory (after those recovered after the
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on March 23. On April 9, he, alongside a few other captured airmen, was sent to civilian detention at the
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339:, and nine Zeros to the attack, which were joined by squadrons from the other carriers.
231:, sounding a bugle to signal the commencement of the escape, and died during the fight.
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overcrowding and power shifted towards the army and
Toyoshima became a deputy leader.
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431:, the only official Japanese war grave outside Japan. His bugle was donated to the
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647:"Sergeant (Sgt) Hajime Toyoshima (left), the first Japanese prisoner of war (POW)"
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The Black
Diggers: Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in the Second World War
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726:"Statue to honour Matthias Ullungura, first man to capture WWII prisoner of war"
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The
Question of Hajime, 1995 BA Honors thesis produced by Dr Craig Bellamy
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He is known (from
Japanese records) to have flown in air patrols from
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Toyoshima took part of the February 19, 1942, Japanese air-raid on
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on January 28 and waited for the arrival of the other carriers,
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701:"Hay's war: when the Japanese came to inland Australia Part 2"
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311:
477:"Blankets on the wire The Cowra breakout and its aftermath"
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in Japan. On 12 January 1942, the carrier departed for the
358:. becoming the first Japanese combatant to be captured in
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Australian War Memorial Australia-Japan Research Project
998:
Imperial Japanese Navy personnel killed in World War II
929:"The bugle and the breakout | Australian War Memorial"
902:"From Zero To Here: Part 2 In Black And White podcast"
474:
614:
Voyage from shame: the Cowra breakout and afterwards
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by the camp commander, Major Edward Timms, in 1978.
389:, he was moved to Darwin, then to Melbourne by the
760:Koga's Zero: The Fighter That Changed World War II
427:He was buried as his alias, Tadao Minami, in the
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1013:World War II prisoners of war held by Australia
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350:On February 24, he was taken prisoner by local
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369:
199:
505:"The Territory Remembers - Hajime Toyoshima"
212:was a Japanese airman in World War II. His
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792:. Aboriginal Studies Press. p. 100.
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393:for debriefing. He was then sent to the
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673:"Australia under attack: 1942 to 1943"
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513:Government of the Northern Territory
736:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
385:After being taken to an airbase on
360:Australian territorial jurisdiction
169:Cowra prisoner of war camp breakout
13:
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253:over the carrier fleet during the
224:, Northern Territory, Australia.
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850:"Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero (wreckage)"
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297:before departing on February 15.
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854:Aviation Museum National Network
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210:, 29 March 1920 – 5 August 1944)
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88:
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618:University of Queensland Press
475:Steven Bullard; Keiko Tamura.
1:
651:National Library of Australia
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16:Imperial Japanese Navy airman
1008:Japanese World War II pilots
399:Hay internment and POW camps
315:Toyoshima's crashed aircraft
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545:Cowra Japanese War Cemetery
482:(in English and Japanese).
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327:BII-124, was launched from
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10:
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429:Japanese Cemetery at Cowra
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220:) when he crash landed on
1003:Japanese prisoners of war
900:FM, Player (2022-08-10).
578:From Zero to here: Part 1
575:FM, Player (2022-08-03),
415:Toyoshima arrived at the
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63:
40:
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874:"The Question of Hajime"
273:and participated in the
821:www.ww2australia.gov.au
677:Australian War Memorial
509:The Territory Remembers
433:Australian War Memorial
323:, Australia. His Zero,
817:"All in - 'break-out'"
608:Gordon, Harry (1978).
364:Darwin Aviation Museum
316:
218:attack on Pearl Harbor
116:Imperial Japanese Navy
74:Cowra, New South Wales
788:Hall, Robert (1997).
757:Rearden, Jim (1995).
331:which contributed 18
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122:Years of service
964:at Wikimedia Commons
878:www.craigbellamy.net
731:ABC News (Australia)
257:. After the attack,
255:raid on Pearl Harbor
827:on 27 October 2009
705:ABC Radio National
317:
993:Bombing of Darwin
960:Media related to
738:. 13 October 2015
356:Matthias Ulungura
307:Bombing of Darwin
271:Dutch East Indies
241:Kagawa Prefecture
189:
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157:Bombing of Darwin
54:Kagawa Prefecture
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962:Hajime Toyoshima
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275:Battle of Ambon
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222:Melville Island
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777:on 2008-12-27.
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411:Cowra breakout
409:Main article:
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305:Main article:
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301:Raid on Darwin
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261:then attacked
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936:. Retrieved
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909:. Retrieved
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857:. Retrieved
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829:. Retrieved
825:the original
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775:the original
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740:. Retrieved
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709:. Retrieved
707:. 2020-08-10
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680:. Retrieved
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582:, retrieved
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548:. Retrieved
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516:. Retrieved
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487:. Retrieved
426:
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395:Loveday Camp
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377:Minami Tadao
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147:World War II
140:Battles/wars
69:(1944-08-05)
988:1944 deaths
983:1920 births
445:Akutan Zero
277:. Carriers
263:Wake Island
152:Pacific War
977:Categories
938:2023-10-08
911:2023-10-09
883:2022-02-17
859:2023-10-08
711:2022-02-17
584:2023-10-08
550:2023-10-08
451:References
235:Early life
84:Allegiance
47:1920-03-29
906:player.fm
742:4 October
518:27 August
354:islander
325:tail code
78:Australia
831:21 April
682:21 April
656:21 April
489:24 April
439:See also
214:A6M Zero
102:Service/
175:†
159: (
125:1938–44
796:
767:
624:
321:Darwin
171:
113:
104:branch
93:
541:"510"
480:(PDF)
335:, 18
329:Hiryū
295:Akagi
287:Palau
283:Sōryū
279:Hiryū
259:Hiryū
250:Hiryū
58:Japan
833:2010
794:ISBN
765:ISBN
744:2016
684:2010
658:2010
622:ISBN
520:2017
491:2010
391:RAAF
352:Tiwi
337:D3As
333:B5Ns
293:and
291:Kaga
281:and
267:Kure
130:Rank
64:Died
41:Born
610:"2"
382:.
371:ĺŤ—ĺż ç”·
201:豊嶋一
162:POW
979::
931:.
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763:.
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728:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
