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211:, in New South Wales, Australia. It was the largest prison escape of World War II, as well as one of the bloodiest. During the escape and ensuing manhunt, four Australian soldiers were killed and 231 Japanese soldiers were killed or committed suicide. The remaining escapees were re-captured and imprisoned.
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Cowra POW Camp, 1 July 1944. Japanese POWs practising baseball near their quarters, several weeks before the Cowra
Breakout. The photograph was taken for the Allied Far Eastern Liaison Office, with the intention of using it in propaganda leaflets, to be dropped over Japanese held islands and Japan
98:
426:", began breaking through the wire, one mob on the northern side, one on the western and one on the southern. They flung themselves across the wire with the help of blankets. They were armed with knives, baseball bats, clubs studded with nails and hooks, wire stilettos and
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manned the No. 2 Vickers machine-gun and began firing into the first wave of escapees. They were soon overwhelmed by a wave of
Japanese prisoners who had breached the lines of barbed wire fences. Before dying, Private Hardy managed to remove and throw away the gun's
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During the escape and subsequent round-up of POWs, four
Australian soldiers and 231 Japanese soldiers were killed and 108 prisoners were wounded. The leaders of the breakout ordered the escapees not to attack Australian civilians, and none were killed or injured.
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military personnel and civilians were detained throughout World War II. The prisoners at Cowra also included 2,000 Italians, Koreans and
Taiwanese (who had served in the Japanese military) as well as Indonesian civilians, detained at the request of the
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A fifth
Australian, Thomas Roy Hancock of C Company 26 Battalion V.D.C. was accidentally shot by another volunteer while dismounting from a vehicle, in the process of deploying to protect railways and bridges from the escapees. Hancock later died of
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Some 359 POWs escaped, while some others attempted or committed suicide, or were killed by their countrymen. Some of those who did escape also committed suicide to avoid recapture. All the survivors were recaptured within 10 days of their breakout.
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At about 2 a.m. a
Japanese inmate ran to the camp gates and shouted what seemed to be a warning to the sentries. Then a Japanese bugle sounded. A sentry fired a warning shot. More sentries fired as three mobs of prisoners, shouting
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In the first week of August 1944, a tip-off from an informer (recorded in some sources to be a Korean informant using the name
Matsumoto) at Cowra led authorities to plan to move all Japanese POWs at Cowra, except officers and
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No complaints regarding treatment had been made by or on behalf of the
Japanese before the incident, which appeared to have been the result of a premeditated and concerted plan;
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774:): a non-fiction book by Dr. Mami Yamada focusing on Japanese officer POWs held in the D compound of the Cowra camp and their involvement in the breakout.
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Situated some 314 km (195 mi) due west of Sydney, Cowra is the town nearest to No. 12 Prisoner of War
Compound, a major POW camp where 4,000
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265:'s 22nd Garrison Battalion, which was composed mostly of old or disabled veterans or young men considered physically unfit for front-line service.
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The actions of the
Australian garrison in resisting the attack averted a greater loss of life, and firing ceased as soon as they regained control;
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Many of the dead had committed suicide or been killed by other prisoners, and many of the Japanese wounded had suffered self-inflicted wounds.
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Reconsidering the Cowra Breakout of 1944: From the Viewpoints of Survived Japanese Prisoners of War and Their 'Everyday Lives' in the Camp
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Graves at the Japanese War Cemetery in Cowra; many of those on the side nearest the camera are for people killed in the breakout.
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971:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 623–624.
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Australia continued to operate No. 12 Camp until the last Japanese and Italian prisoners were repatriated in 1947.
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By August 1944, there were 2,223 Japanese POWs in Australia, including 544 merchant seamen. There were also 14,720
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780:(English translation) あの日、僕らの命はトイレットペーパーよりも軽かった -カウラ捕虜収容所からの大脱走 (2008): a 2-hour TV-movie produced by
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The last survivor of the breakout attempt, Teruo Murakami, died in Japan on September 14 2023.
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The government conducted an official inquiry into the events. Its conclusions were read to the
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based on an escapee who hid in the nearby Aboriginal mission until the end of the war.
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Die like the carp : the story of the greatest prison escape ever / Harry Gordon
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918:"They had to remember they were soldiers, albeit female | Australian War Memorial"
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On That Day, Our Lives Were Lighter Than Toilet Paper: The Great Cowra Breakout
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in New Zealand, in February 1943, led to security being tightened at Cowra.
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496: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
303: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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https://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/4778/02_whole.pdf
816:(2014): a doctoral thesis (Japanese language) by Dr. Mami Yamada.
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Die like the Carp: The Story of the Greatest Prison Escape Ever
635:, the only such cemetery in Australia. In addition, the nearby
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1066:"Vale Teruo Murakami, the last survivor of the Cowra Breakout"
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Within minutes of the start of the breakout attempt, Privates
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1151:"The Cowra Breakout - Curator's notes + clips & credits"
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In the words of historian Gavin Long, the following night:
383:, is the only known clothing relic from the Cowra POW camp
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Dead men rising / [by] Kenneth Seaforth Mackenzie
235:
prisoners, the majority of whom had been captured in the
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Gavin Long, "The prison breakout at Cowra, August 1944"
947:
Shooting and Friendship over Japanese Prisoners of War
700:): a novel by Teruhiko Asada, translated by Ray Cowan.
242:
Although the POWs were treated in accordance with the
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ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee (Qld) Incorporated.
960:"Appendix 5 – The Prison Break at Cowra, August 1944"
1298:, "Ghosts of Cowra breakout haunt Japan to this day"
746:
Voyage from Shame: The Cowra Breakout and Afterwards
657:
261:
to augment the rifles carried by the members of the
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Australian town commemorates 1944 POW camp breakout
792:(2008): an Australian film directed by Brad Haynes.
584:Conditions at the camp were in accordance with the
1004:, Migration Heritage Centre, New South Wales, 2006
730:(1984): a critically acclaimed 4½-hour television
253:Eventually the camp authorities installed several
16:1944 Japanese POW escape in Cowra, New South Wales
1712:Military history of Australia during World War II
682:, who was stationed at Cowra during the breakout.
1683:
1702:World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Australia
1282:(Indian national newspaper). (13 February 2005)
203:occurred on 5 August 1944, when 1,104 Japanese
1563:Agricultural Penitentiary of Monte Cristo riot
1332:
1268:Wal McKenzie, "Memories of the Cowra Breakout"
580:on 8 September 1944. Among the findings were:
1727:Military history of Japan during World War II
1318:
1203:Voyage from shame / [by] Harry Gordon
1722:POW escapes and rescues during World War II
1017:, Simon Balderstone and John Bowan (2006).
1325:
1311:
1249:"Official Cowra Japanese Garden Home Page"
1177:"The Cowra Breakout (TV mini-series 1984)"
214:
863:Japanese prisoners of war in World War II
822:(2016), Simon & Schuster Australia, (
637:Cowra Japanese Garden and Cultural Centre
556:Learn how and when to remove this message
363:Learn how and when to remove this message
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
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394:
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41:This article includes a list of general
951:
888:"The Story of Italians at the POW Camp"
379:Japanese POW cap, which was originally
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1286:"Fact Sheet 198: Cowra outbreak, 1944"
760:): a non-fiction book by Harry Gordon.
1306:
957:
494:adding citations to reliable sources
465:
301:adding citations to reliable sources
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27:
574:Australian House of Representatives
13:
1426:New Mexico State Penitentiary riot
1258:Australia in the War of 1939–1945,
47:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1228:
1021:. New Holland. pp. 175–179.
658:Depictions in film and literature
1629:February Ecuadorian prison riots
734:, written by Margaret Kelly and
686:The Night of a Thousand Suicides
470:
277:
248:Featherston prisoner of war camp
96:
32:
1737:August 1944 events in Australia
1635:September Guayaquil prison riot
1486:F-type prisons strike and riots
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1155:National Film and Sound Archive
1143:
840:, (2022), Hachette Australia, (
830:): an historical fiction by Dr
820:Barbed Wire and Cherry Blossoms
784:as a 55th-anniversary special.
481:needs additional citations for
288:needs additional citations for
21:The Cowra Breakout (miniseries)
1641:November Guayaquil prison riot
1289:National Archives of Australia
1058:
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1007:
983:
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750:University of Queensland Press
631:Cowra maintains a significant
609:as a result of their actions.
601:Privates Hardy and Jones were
1:
1349:Castle Hill convict rebellion
1208:National Library of Australia
1127:National Library of Australia
1097:National Library of Australia
873:
738:, and directed by Noonan and
207:escaped from a POW camp near
1206:. University of Queensland.
1019:Events That Shaped Australia
461:
7:
1717:Military camps in Australia
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391:The Japanese Garden in 2004
268:
10:
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1334:Prison riots and uprisings
766:(2005) ロスト・オフィサー, Spice, (
18:
1707:Prison riots in Australia
1494:
1462:Leopoldov prison uprising
1438:Peruvian prison massacres
1408:Pulau Senang prison riots
1369:
1340:
848:): a non-fiction book by
718:): a non-fiction book by
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135:
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1732:1940s in New South Wales
1671:Makala jailbreak attempt
399:Harry Doncaster Memorial
19:For the miniseries, see
1468:Strangeways Prison riot
1420:Huntsville Prison siege
1274:"Uprisings remembered"
1262:Australian War Memorial
1095:. A & R paperback.
1070:www.cowracouncil.com.au
215:Location and background
62:more precise citations.
1557:Topo Chico prison riot
1503:Battle of Qala-i-Jangi
796:Shame and the Captives
617:
432:
400:
392:
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244:1929 Geneva Convention
237:North African Campaign
159:33.81139°S 148.70389°E
1611:Cameroon prison riots
1599:Amazonas prison riots
1551:Kaohsiung Prison riot
1545:Palmasola prison riot
1515:Altamira prison brawl
1450:Fremantle Prison riot
993:Objects through Time:
690:Angus & Robertson
668:Angus & Robertson
633:Japanese war cemetery
615:
417:
408:, to another camp at
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378:
1653:Battle of al-Hasakah
1605:Altamira prison riot
1593:Acarigua prison riot
1569:Kidapawan jail siege
1533:Welikada prison riot
1444:Atlanta prison riots
1361:Cooking Pot Uprising
1239:World War II 1939–45
1235:"The Cowra Breakout"
958:Long, Gavin (1963).
647:in the style of the
490:improve this article
443:Benjamin Gower Hardy
410:Hay, New South Wales
297:improve this article
164:-33.81139; 148.70389
1617:Guanare prison riot
1575:Brazil prison riots
1539:Uribana prison riot
1521:Apodaca prison riot
1480:Khujand prison riot
1456:Polish prison riots
1260:(Published by) the
1241:(Published by) the
995:COWRA bugle, c1930s
968:The Final Campaigns
155: /
92:
1665:Támara prison riot
1623:Mahara prison riot
1509:Mexico prison riot
1474:Carandiru massacre
1414:Attica Prison riot
1384:Battle of Alcatraz
1355:Bathurst Rebellion
838:The Cowra Breakout
798:(2013), Sceptre, (
727:The Cowra Breakout
680:Seaforth Mackenzie
639:, a commemorative
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586:Geneva Conventions
576:by Prime Minister
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263:Australian Militia
259:Lewis machine guns
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1697:1944 in Australia
1679:
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1659:Tuluá prison riot
1647:Tula prison break
1055:), 19 August 2014
1028:978-1-74110-492-9
1000:5 August 2012 at
868:Takenaga incident
804:978-1-444-78127-4
782:Nippon Television
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896:the original
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1296:Japan Times
1186:24 November
1161:24 November
1015:Wendy Lewis
832:Anita Heiss
708:Corgi Books
578:John Curtin
447:Ralph Jones
162: /
150:148°42′14″E
137:Coordinates
60:introducing
1692:1944 riots
1686:Categories
1217:0702226289
1075:15 October
1053:Kyodo News
991:Exhibit -
874:References
789:Broken Sun
748:, (1994),
732:miniseries
706:, (1978),
688:, (1970),
666:, (1951),
649:Edo period
546:March 2019
516:newspapers
353:March 2019
323:newspapers
147:33°48′41″S
68:April 2009
43:references
1279:The Hindu
1270:(no date)
462:Aftermath
428:garotting
130:Australia
1291:. (2000)
1264:. (1963)
1210:. 1994.
1129:. 1978.
1099:. 1973.
998:Archived
927:21 April
902:6 August
857:See also
269:Breakout
180:Japanese
117:Location
977:1297619
941:Ota Y.
530:scholar
337:scholar
255:Vickers
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1663:2023
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1651:2022
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1412:1971
1406:1963
1400:1954
1394:1953
1388:1953
1382:1946
1376:1944
1359:1846
1353:1830
1347:1804
1256:, in
963:(PDF)
537:JSTOR
523:books
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330:books
209:Cowra
178:~359
122:Cowra
120:Near
1212:ISBN
1188:2011
1181:IMDb
1163:2011
1131:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1077:2023
1023:ISBN
973:OCLC
929:2021
904:2016
842:ISBN
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768:ISBN
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672:ISBN
509:news
452:bolt
445:and
406:NCOs
316:news
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221:Axis
199:The
183:POWs
109:Date
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