2006:
waters. He assumed that with their conflicting global interests, it was highly unlikely that the
British and Russians would ever join together in a war against Japan, considering it more likely that a major power like Russia in alliance with a lesser naval power, would dispatch a portion of their fleet against Japan. Yamamoto therefore calculated that four battleships would be the main battle force that a major power could divert from their other naval commitments to use against Japan and he also added two more battleships that might be contributed to such a naval expedition by a lesser hostile power. In order to achieve victory Japan should have a force of six of the largest battleships supplemented by four armored cruisers of at least 7,000 tons. The centerpiece of this expansion was to be the acquisition of four new battleships in addition to the two which were already being completed in Britain being part of an earlier construction program. Yamamoto was also advocating the construction of a balanced fleet.
2046:¥200 million. The first stage would begin in 1896 and be completed by 1902; the second would run from 1897 to 1905. The program was financed significantly from the Chinese indemnity secured after the First Sino-Japanese War. This was used to fund the bulk of the naval expansion, roughly ¥139 million, with public loans and existing government revenue providing the rest of the financing required over the ten years of the program. Japan's industrial resources at the time were inadequate for the construction of a fleet of armored warships domestically, as the country was still in the process of developing and acquiring the industrial infrastructure for the construction of major naval vessels. Consequently, the overwhelming majority was built in British shipyards. With the completion of the fleet, Japan would become the fourth strongest naval power in the world in a single decade. In 1902, Japan formed
3398:
1207:
government did not have enough naval power to put down the rebellion on its own. Although the rebel forces in
Hokkaidō surrendered, the government's response to the rebellion demonstrated the need for a strong centralized naval force. Even before the rebellion the restoration leaders had realized the need for greater political, economic and military centralization and by August 1869 most of the domains had returned their lands and population registers to the government. In 1871 the domains were abolished altogether and as with the political context the centralization of the navy began with the domains donating their forces to the central government. As a result, in 1871 Japan could finally boast a centrally controlled navy, this was also the institutional beginning of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
1233:
led to conflict with those disgruntled samurai who wanted to expel the westerners and with groups which opposed the Meiji reforms. Internal dissent – including peasant uprisings – become a greater concern for the government, which curtailed plans for naval expansion as a result. In the immediate period from 1868 many members of the Meiji coalition advocated giving preference to maritime forces over the army and saw naval strength as paramount. In 1870 the new government drafted an ambitious plan to develop a navy with 200 ships organized into ten fleets. The plan was abandoned within a year due to lack of resources. Financial considerations were a major factor restricting the growth of the navy during the 1870s. Japan at the time was not a wealthy state. Soon, however, domestic rebellions, the
1898:
land. But as
Japanese troops had very quickly advanced northward from Seoul to Pyongyang the Chinese decided to rush troops to Korea by sea under a naval escort, in mid-September. Concurrently, because there had been no decisive encounter at sea, the Japanese decided to send more troops to Korea. Early in September, the navy was directed to support further landings and to support the army on Korea's western coast. As Japanese ground forces then moved north to attack Pyongyang, Admiral Ito correctly guessed that the Chinese would attempt to reinforce their army in Korea by sea. On 14 September, the Combined Fleet went north to search the Korean and Chinese coasts and to bring the Beiyang Fleet to battle. On 17 September 1894, the Japanese encountered them off the mouth of the
810:
2824:
980:
352:
2996:
497:
1743:
2010:
1533:
3237:
Japanese carrier aircraft. Naval involvement during the conflict peaked in 1938–39 with the heavy bombardment of
Chinese cities deep in the interior by land-based medium bombers and concluded during 1941 with an attempt by both, carrier-borne and land-based, tactical aircraft to cut communication and transportation routes in southern China. Although, the 1937–41 air offensives failed in their political and psychological aims, they did reduce the flow of strategic materiel to China and for a time improved the Japanese military situation in the central and southern parts of the country.
834:
90:
3507:
1423:
2721:
one of history's most effective arms reduction programs, setting up a system of ratios between the five signatory powers. The United States and
Britain were each allocated 525,000 tons of capital ships, Japan 315,000, and France and Italy to 175,000, ratios of 5:3:1.75. Also agreed to was a ten-year moratorium on battleship construction, though replacement of battleships reaching 20 years of service was permitted. Maximum limits of 35,000 tons and 16-inch guns were also set. Carriers were restricted with the same 5:5:3 ratio, with Japan allotted 81,000 tons.
55:
1981:
1001:
530:
1574:
2284:
509:
3598:
289:
786:
1219:
959:
2065:
1554:
2748:
1473:
hopes that it would provide ¥3.5 million annually for warship construction and ¥2.5 million for warship maintenance. In
February 1883, the government directed further revenues from other ministries to support an increase in the navy's warship construction and purchasing budget. By March 1883, the navy secured the ¥6.5 million required annually to support an eight-year expansion plan, this was the largest that the Imperial Japanese Navy had secured in its young existence.
7430:
1463:
development was very significant for the navy, as the amount allocated virtually equaled the navy's entire budget between 1873 and 1882. The 1882 naval expansion plan succeeded in a large part because of
Satsuma power, influence, and patronage. Between 19 August and 23 November 1882, Satsuma forces with Iwakura's leadership, worked tirelessly to secure support for the Navy's expansion plan. After uniting the other Satsuma members of the Dajokan, Iwakura approached the emperor the
1056:
3626:
3612:
1287:
1459:
concerns; a strong navy was more important than a sizable army to preserve the
Japanese state. Furthermore, he justified that a large, modern navy, would have the added potential benefit of instilling Japan with greater international prestige and recognition, as navies were internationally recognized hallmarks of power and status. Iwakura also suggested that the Meiji government could support naval growth by increasing taxes on tobacco, sake, and soy.
1998:
Japanese retroceded the territory back to China for an additional 30 million taels (roughly ¥45 million). With the humiliation of the forced return of the
Liaodong Peninsula, Japan began to build up its military strength in preparation for future confrontations. The political capital and public support for the navy gained as a result of the recent conflict with China, also encouraged popular and legislative support for naval expansion.
2396:
2689:
3208:
3584:
3437:, in which the Japanese lost the war of attrition, was the most decisive; the Japanese failed to commit enough forces in sufficient time. During 1943 the Allies were able to reorganize their forces and American industrial strength began to turn the tide of the war. American forces ultimately managed to gain the upper hand through a vastly greater industrial output and a modernization of its air and naval forces.
672:
1256:(Army first, Navy second) principle. This meant a defense designed to repel an enemy from Japanese territory, and the chief responsibility for that mission rested upon Japan's army; consequently, the army gained the bulk of the military expenditures. During the 1870s and 1880s, the Imperial Japanese Navy remained an essentially coastal-defense force, although the Meiji government continued to modernize it.
2038:. Japan could now acquire armored cruisers that could take the place in the battle line. Hence, with new armor and lighter but more powerful quick-firing guns, this new cruiser type was superior to many older battleships still afloat. Subsequently, the revisions to the ten-year plan led to the four protected cruisers being replaced by an additional two armored cruisers. As a consequence the
2026:
twenty-three destroyers, sixty-three torpedo boats, and an expansion of
Japanese shipyards and repair and training facilities. In 1897, because of fears that the size of the Russian fleet assigned to East Asian waters could be larger than previously believed, the plan was revised. Although budgetary limitations simply could not permit the construction of another battleship squadron, the new
1847:
2214:) led the Japanese Grand Fleet into the decisive engagement of the war. The Russian fleet was almost completely annihilated: out of 38 Russian ships, 21 were sunk, seven captured, six disarmed, 4,545 Russian servicemen died and 6,106 were taken prisoner. On the other hand, the Japanese only lost 116 men and three torpedo boats. These victories broke Russian strength in
3077:, when it was revealed that the fundamental design philosophy of many Japanese warships was flawed. largely due to poor construction techniques and instability caused by attempting to mount too much weaponry on too small a displacement hull. As a result, most of the naval budget in 1932–1933 was absorbed in modifications to rectify the issues with existing equipment.
2308:
testing and improvements. Over the years, the importation of whole classes of ships was progressively substituted by local assembly, and then complete local production, starting with the smallest ships, such as torpedo boats and cruisers in the 1880s, to finish with whole battleships in the early 20th century. The last major purchase was in 1913 when the
2798:, then a frontline fighter. The Japanese would go on to order 50 of these aircraft from Gloster, and build 40. These planes eventually provided the inspiration for the design of a number of Japanese naval aircraft. Technicians become familiar with the newest aerial weapons and equipment-torpedoes, bombs, machine guns, cameras, and communications gear.
1306:, arrived in Japan. Douglas directed instruction at the Naval Academy at Tsukiji for several years, the mission remained in Japan until 1879, substantially advancing the development of the navy and firmly establishing British traditions within the Japanese navy from matters of seamanship to the style of its uniforms and the attitudes of its officers.
1593:, against bigger units. The choice of France may also have been influenced by the Minister of the Navy, who happened to be Enomoto Takeaki at that time (Navy Minister 1880–1885), a former ally of the French during the Boshin War. Also, Japan was uneasy with being dependent on Great Britain, at a time when Great Britain was very close to China.
2815:. By the time its last members had returned to Britain, the Japanese had acquired a reasonable grasp of the latest aviation technology and taken the first steps toward having an effective naval air force. Japanese naval aviation also, both in technology and in doctrine, continued to be dependent on the British model for most of the 1920s.
1922:) remained almost impervious to Japanese guns, highlighting the need for bigger capital ships in the Imperial Japanese Navy. The next step of the Imperial Japanese Navy's expansion would thus involve a combination of heavily armed large warships, with smaller and innovative offensive units permitting aggressive tactics.
3379:, killing 2,403 Americans and crippling the US Pacific Fleet. During the first six months of the Pacific War, the IJN enjoyed spectacular success inflicting heavy defeats on Allied forces. Allied navies were devastated during the Japanese conquest of Southeast Asia. Japanese naval aircraft were also responsible for the
1637:. Altogether, Bertin supervised the building of more than 20 units. They helped establish the first true modern naval force of Japan. It allowed Japan to achieve mastery in the building of large units, since some of the ships were imported, and some others were built domestically at the arsenal of Yokosuka:
1910:, in which the Chinese fleet lost eight out of 12 warships. The Chinese subsequently retreated behind the Weihaiwei fortifications. However, they were then surprised by Japanese troops, who outflanked the harbour's defenses in coordination with the navy. The remnants of the Beiyang Fleet were destroyed at
3883:(1592)). In Western sources, Japanese ironclads are described in CR Boxer "The Christian Century in Japan 1549–1650", p. 122, quoting the account of the Italian Jesuit Organtino visiting Japan in 1578. Nobunaga's ironclad fleet is also described in "A History of Japan, 1334–1615", Georges Samson, p. 309
3371:
fleet for commerce raiding and failure to secure its communications also hastened its defeat. The Japanese Navy also underinvested in intelligence and had hardly any agents active in the United States when the war started; several Japanese Naval officers credited lack of information about the US Navy
2986:
A consistent weakness of gunned Japanese warship development was the tendency to incorporate excessive firepower and engine output relative to ship size (a side-effect of the Washington Treaty limitations on overall tonnage). This led to shortcomings in stability, protection, and structural strength.
2786:
experienced in the design and testing of Royal Navy aircraft during the First World War. The mission consisted of 27 members, who were largely personnel with experience in naval aviation and included pilots and engineers from several British aircraft manufacturing firms. The British technical mission
1897:
and Port Arthur. Finding only small vessels in either harbor, the Combined Fleet returned to Korea to support further landings off the Chinese coast. The Beiyang Fleet under the command of Admiral Ding was initially ordered to stay close to the Chinese coast while reinforcements were sent to Korea by
1824:
Japan continued the modernization of its navy, especially as China was also building a powerful modern fleet with foreign, especially German, assistance, and as a result tensions were building between the two countries over Korea. The Japanese naval leadership on the eve of hostilities, was generally
1472:
together with military officers, and announced the need for increased tax revenues to provide adequate funding for military expansion, this was followed by an imperial re-script. The following month, in December, an annual ¥7.5-million tax increase on sake, soy, and tobacco was fully approved, in the
1189:
in 1872. For the first two years (1868–1870) of the Meiji state no national, centrally controlled navy existed, – the Meiji government only administered those Tokugawa vessels captured in the early phase of the Boshin War of 1868–1869. All other naval vessels remained under the control of the various
1180:
In February 1868 the Imperial government had placed all captured shogunate naval vessels under the Navy Army affairs section. In the following months, military forces of the government came under the control of several organizations which were established and then disbanded until the establishment of
951:
By the mid-1860s the shogunate had a fleet of eight warships and thirty-six auxiliaries. Satsuma (which had the largest domain fleet) had nine steamships, Choshu had five ships plus numerous auxiliary craft, Kaga had ten ships and Chikuzen eight. Numerous smaller domains also had acquired a number of
3440:
In 1943, the Japanese also turned their attention to the defensive perimeters of their previous conquests. Forces on Japanese held islands in Micronesia were to absorb and wear down an expected American counteroffensive. However, American industrial power become apparent and the military forces that
2974:
It was also in conflict with her past experience. Japan's numerical and industrial inferiority led her to seek technical superiority (fewer, but faster, more powerful ships), qualitative superiority (better training), and aggressive tactics (daring and speedy attacks overwhelming the enemy, a recipe
2921:
The Imperial Japanese Navy was faced before and during World War II with considerable challenges, probably more so than any other navy in the world. Japan, like Britain, was almost entirely dependent on foreign resources to supply its economy. To achieve Japan's expansionist policies, the IJN had to
2773:
Japan at times continued to solicit foreign expertise in areas in which the IJN was inexperienced, such as naval aviation. The Japanese navy had closely monitored the progress of aviation of the three Allied naval powers during World War I and concluded that Britain had made the greatest advances in
2724:
Many naval leaders in Japan's delegation were outraged by these limitations, as Japan would always be behind its chief rivals. However, in the end it was concluded that even these unfavorable limitations would be better than an unrestricted arms race with the industrially dominant United States. The
1881:
in order to defeat the Chinese army and bring the war to a swift conclusion. If the engagement were to be a draw and neither side gained control of the sea, the army would concentrate on the occupation of Korea. Lastly, if the Combined Fleet was defeated and consequently lost command of the sea, the
1232:
After the consolidation of the government the new Meiji state set about to build up national strength. The Meiji government honored the treaties with the Western powers signed during the Bakumatsu period with the ultimate goal of revising them, leading to a subsided threat from the sea. This however
1202:
from 1873 until 1878 because of his naval experience and his ability to control Tokugawa personnel who retained positions in the government naval forces. Upon assuming office Katsu Kaishu recommended the rapid centralization of all naval forces – government and domain – under one agency. The nascent
858:
As soon as Japan opened up to foreign influences, the Tokugawa shogunate recognized the vulnerability of the country from the sea and initiated an active policy of assimilation and adoption of Western naval technologies. In 1855, with Dutch assistance, the shogunate acquired its first steam warship,
1867:
Japan's main strategy was to gain command of the sea as this was critical to the operations on land. An early victory over the Beiyang fleet would allow Japan to transport troops and material to the Korean Peninsula, however any prolongation of the war would increase the risk of intervention by the
1458:
titled "Opinions Regarding Naval Expansion" asserting that a strong navy was essential to maintaining the security of Japan. In furthering his argument, Iwakura suggested that domestic rebellions were no longer Japan's primary military concern and that naval affairs should take precedence over army
2720:
In the years following after the end of First World War the naval construction programs of the three greatest naval powers Britain, Japan and the United States had threatened to set off a new potentially dangerous and expensive naval arms race. The subsequent Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 became
747:
led the shogunate to repeal the law to execute foreigners, and instead to adopt the Order for the Provision of Firewood and Water. The shogunate also began to strengthen the nation's coastal defenses. Many Japanese realized that traditional ways would not be sufficient to repel further intrusions,
3563:
was formed within the Maritime Safety Agency, incorporating the minesweeping fleet and other military vessels, mainly destroyers, given by the United States. In 1954, the Safety Security Force was separated, and the JMSDF was formally created as the naval branch of the Japanese Self-Defense Force
3236:
From the onset of hostilities in 1937 until forces were diverted to combat for the Pacific war in 1941, naval aircraft played a key role in military operations on the Chinese mainland. These began with attacks on military installations largely in the Yangtze River basin along the Chinese coast by
3167:
aimed at maintaining parity with American naval air power by adding 827 planes for allocation to fourteen planned land-based air groups, and increasing carrier aircraft by nearly 1,000. To accommodate the new land aircraft the plan called for several new airfields to be built or expanded; it also
2005:
was assigned to compose a study of Japan's future naval needs. He believed that Japan should have sufficient naval strength to not only to deal with a single hypothetical enemy separately, but to also confront any fleet from two combined powers that might be dispatched against Japan from overseas
1997:
Following the war against China, the Triple Intervention under Russian leadership, pressured Japan to renounce its claim to the Liaodong Peninsula. The Japanese were well aware of the naval power the three countries possessed in East Asian waters, particularly Russia. Faced with little choice the
1476:
However, naval expansion remained a highly contentious issue for both the government and the navy throughout much of the 1880s. Overseas advances in naval technology increased the costs of purchasing large components of a modern fleet, so that by 1885 cost overruns had jeopardized the entire 1883
1467:
arguing persuasively just as he did with the Dajokan, that naval expansion was critical to Japan's security and that the standing army of forty thousand men was more than sufficient for domestic purposes. While the government should direct the lion's share of future military appropriations toward
1206:
The incident involving Enomoto Takeaki's refusal to surrender and his escape to Hokkaidō with a large part of the former Tokugawa Navy's best warships embarrassed the Meiji government politically. The imperial side had to rely on considerable naval assistance from the most powerful domains as the
2982:
During the inter-war years, two schools of thought contested over whether the navy should be organized around powerful battleships (ultimately able to defeat equivalent American ships in Japanese waters), or aircraft carriers. Neither doctrine prevailed, and a balanced yet indecisive approach to
1462:
After lengthy discussions, Iwakura eventually convinced the ruling coalition to support Japan's first multi-year naval expansion plan in history. In May 1883, the government approved a plan that, when completed, would add 32 warships over eight years at a cost of just over ¥26 million. This
1134:
participating. The total tonnage of these ships was 2,252 tons, which was far smaller than the tonnage of the single foreign vessel (from the French Navy) that also participated. The following year, in July 1869, the Imperial Japanese Navy was formally established, two months after the last
2307:
Japan continued in its efforts to build up a strong national naval industry. Following a strategy of "copy, improve, innovate", foreign ships of various designs were usually analysed in depth, their specifications often improved on, and then were purchased in pairs so as to organize comparative
1872:
would land at Chemulpo on the western coast of Korea, both to engage and push Chinese forces northwest up the peninsula and to draw the Beiyang Fleet into the Yellow Sea, where it would be engaged in decisive battle. Depending upon the outcome of this engagement, Japan would make one of three
3555:
specifies that "The Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as a means of settling international disputes." The prevalent view in Japan is that this article allows for military forces to be kept for the purposes of self-defense.
2025:
Battleships would be supplemented by lesser warships of various types, including cruisers that could seek out and pursue the enemy and a sufficient number of destroyers and torpedo boats capable of striking the enemy in home ports. As a result, the program also included the construction of
3111:
plan was approved in 1937, its third major naval building program since 1930. A six-year effort that called for the construction of new warships that were free from the restrictions of previous naval treaties. Concentrating on qualitative superiority to compensate for Japan's quantitative
952:
ships. However, these fleets resembled maritime organizations rather than actual navies with ships functioning as transports as well as combat vessels; they were also manned by personnel who lacked experienced seamanship except for coastal sailing and who had virtually no combat training.
2045:
The program for a 260,000-ton navy to be completed over a ten-year period in two stages of construction, with the total cost being ¥280 million, was approved by the cabinet in late 1895 and funded by the Diet in early 1896. Of the total warship acquisitions accounted for just over
2050:, the terms of which stated that if Japan went to war in the Far East and that a third power entered the fight against Japan, then Britain would come to the aid of the Japanese. This was a check to prevent any third power from intervening militarily in any future war with Russia.
2728:
The Washington Treaty did not restrict the building of ships other than battleships and carriers, resulting in a building race for heavy cruisers. These were limited to 10,000 tons and 8-inch guns. The Japanese were also able to get some concessions, most notably the battleship
2787:
left for Japan in September with the objective of helping the Imperial Japanese Navy develop and improve the proficiency of its naval air arm. The mission arrived at Kasumigaura Naval Air Station the following month, in November 1921, and stayed in Japan for 18 months.
2738:
The Treaty also dictated that the United States, Britain, and Japan could not expand their Western Pacific fortifications. Japan specifically could not militarize the Kurile Islands, the Bonin Islands, Amami-Oshima, the Loochoo Islands, Formosa and the Pescadores.
2647:, was torpedoed on 11 June 1917 by a German submarine with the loss of 59 officers and men. A memorial at the Kalkara Naval Cemetery in Malta was dedicated to the 72 Japanese sailors who died in action during the Mediterranean convoy patrols.
3895:
invented Korea's "ironclad Turtle ships", first documented in 1592. Incidentally, Korea's iron plates only covered the roof (to prevent intrusion), and not the sides of their ships. The first Western ironclads date to 1859 with the French
1203:
Meiji government in its first years did not have the necessary political and military force to implement such a policy and so, like much of the government, the naval forces retained a decentralized structure in most of 1869 through 1870.
3232:
The IJN had two primary responsibilities during the campaign: to support amphibious operations on the Chinese coast and the strategic aerial bombardment of Chinese cities – the first time any naval air arm had been given such tasks.
920:, especially, had petitioned the shogunate to build modern naval vessels. A naval center had been set up by the Satsuma domain in Kagoshima, students were sent abroad for training and a number of ships were acquired. The domains of
1963:. The Navy supplied the largest number of warships (18 out of a total of 50) and delivered the largest contingent of troops among the intervening nations (20,840 Imperial Japanese Army and Navy soldiers, out of a total of 54,000).
1477:
plan. Furthermore, increased costs coupled with decreased domestic tax revenues, heightened concern and political tension in Japan regarding funding naval expansion. In 1883, two large warships were ordered from British shipyards.
353:
2956:, which did not require long range), in which the IJN would allow the US to sail across the Pacific, using submarines to harass the enemy fleet, then engage the US Navy in a "decisive battle area" near Japan after inflicting such
3353:
To effectively combat the numerically superior American navy, the Japanese had devoted a large amount of resources to create a force of superior quality. Betting on the success of aggressive tactics which stemmed from
3466:. By May 1945, most of the Imperial Japanese Navy had been sunk and the remnants had taken refuge in Japan's harbors. In late July 1945, most of the remaining large warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy were sunk in
2328:, adopt an explicit policy of building for a potential future conflict against the US Navy. Satō called for a battlefleet at least 70% as strong as that of the US. In 1907, the official policy of the Navy became an '
809:
2680:. After the conflict, the Japanese Navy received seven German submarines as spoils of war, which were brought to Japan and analysed, contributing greatly to the development of the Japanese submarine industry.
979:
3358:
and the concept of decisive battle, Japan did not invest significantly in capabilities needed to protect its long shipping lines against enemy submarines, particularly under-investing in the vital area of
748:
and western knowledge was utilized through the Dutch at Dejima to reinforce Japan's capability to repel the foreigners; field guns, mortars, and firearms were obtained, and coastal defenses reinforced.
2472:
seaplanes bombarded German land targets like communication and command centers, and damaged a German minelayer in the Tsingtao peninsula from September to 6 November 1914 when the Germans surrendered.
3425:
After these successes, the IJN now concentrated on the elimination and neutralization of strategic points from where the Allies could launch counteroffensives against Japanese conquests. However, at
1302:
In 1870 an Imperial decree determined that Britain's Royal Navy should serve as the model for development, instead of the Netherlands navy. In 1873 a thirty-four-man British naval mission, headed by
1492:
were 3,650 ton ships. They were capable of speeds up to 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph) and were armed with 54 to 76 mm (2 to 3 in) deck armor and two 260 mm (10 in)
3229:
The Second Sino-Japanese War was of great importance and value to the development of Japanese naval aviation, demonstrating how aircraft could contribute to the projection of naval power ashore.
2356:, at the time the largest warship in the world by displacement, and the first ship to be designed, ordered and laid down as an "all-big-gun" battleship, about one year prior to the launching of
6189:
Lengerer, Hans (December 2020). "The 1884 Coup d'État in Korea — Revision and Acceleration of the Expansion of the IJN: A Contribution to the Pre-History of the Chinese-Japanese War 1894–95".
6168:
Lengerer, Hans (September 2020). "The 1882 Coup d'État in Korea and the Second Expansion of the Imperial Japanese Navy: A Contribution to the Pre-History of the Chinese-Japanese War 1894–95".
1091:(January 1868 to June 1869). The early part of the conflict largely involved land battles, with naval forces playing a minimal role transporting troops from western to eastern Japan. Only the
3456:
led to the destruction of a large part of the surface fleet. During the last phase of the war, the Imperial Japanese Navy resorted to a series of desperate measures, including a variety of
2725:
Washington System may have made Japan a junior partner with the US and Britain, but it also curtailed the rise of China and the Soviet Union, who both sought to challenge Japan in Asia.
1722:, of which the French at the time were probably the world's best exponents". Japan acquired its first torpedoes in 1884, and established a "Torpedo Training Center" at Yokosuka in 1886.
1524:). Unable to confront the Chinese fleet with only two modern cruisers, Japan resorted to French assistance to build a large, modern fleet which could prevail in the upcoming conflict.
688:") forbade contacts with the outside world and prohibited the construction of ocean-going ships on pain of death. Contacts were maintained, however, with the Dutch through the port of
7270:
6851:
1194:
period. The naval forces mirrored the political environment of Japan at the time: the domains retained their political as well as military independence from the Imperial government.
1317:. In 1871, the ministry resolved to send 16 trainees abroad for training in naval sciences (14 to Great Britain, two to the United States), among whom was Heihachirō Tōgō. In 1879,
7216:
7043:
6930:
6891:
7278:
7192:
5388:
The United States would be able to enforce a 60% ratio thanks to having broken the Japanese diplomatic code and being able to read signals from its government to her negotiators.
7184:
7160:
6867:
1000:
8439:
3105:. The plan also continued the buildup in naval aircraft and authorized the creation of eight new Naval Air Groups. With Japan's renunciation of naval treaties in December 1934,
6965:
2790:
The mission brought to Kasumigaura well over a hundred British aircraft comprising twenty different models, five of which were then currently in service with the Royal Navy's
8883:
7136:
7089:
7035:
6899:
1937:
were transferred to Japan. The Imperial Japanese Navy took possession of the island and quelled opposition movements between March and October 1895. Japan also obtained the
1882:
bulk of the army would remain in Japan and prepare to repel a Chinese invasion, while the Fifth Division in Korea would be ordered to hang on and fight a rearguard action.
7717:
7635:
6368:
2572:
2173:
shipyard in the United Kingdom at the end of 1898, for delivery to Japan in 1902. Commercial shipbuilding in Japan was exhibited by construction of the twin screw steamer
1608:
of 1883–85 seemed to validate the potential of torpedo boats, an approach which was also attractive to the limited resources of Japan. In 1885, the new Navy slogan became
1401:
was signed, marking the official opening of Korea to foreign trade, and Japan's first example of Western-style interventionism and adoption of "unequal treaties" tactics.
3699:
2495:. Hard pressed in Europe, where she had only a narrow margin of superiority against Germany, Britain had requested, but was denied, the loan of Japan's four newly built
8878:
2317:
was purchased from the Vickers shipyard. By 1918, there was no aspect of shipbuilding technology where Japanese capabilities fell significantly below world standards.
1600:
government issued its First Naval Expansion bill in 1882, requiring the construction of 48 warships, of which 22 were to be torpedo boats. The naval successes of the
833:
8434:
7243:
958:
3189:
goal was doubling Japan's naval air strength in just five years, delivering air superiority in East Asia and the western Pacific. It called for the building of two
1342:
were built in British shipyards, and they were the first warships built abroad specifically for the Imperial Japanese Navy. Private construction companies such as
7840:
2444:
conducted the world's first successful sea-launched air strikes. On 6 September 1914, in the very first air-sea battle in history, a Farman aircraft launched by
5026:
1318:
772:
2922:
secure and protect distant sources of raw material (especially Southeast Asian oil and raw materials), controlled by foreign countries (Britain, France, and
1843:. Hence, initiating hostilities at the time was not ideal, and the navy was far less confident than the Japanese army about the outcome of a war with China.
1707:
1417:
5616:"Agents, attachés, and intelligence failures: The Imperial Japanese Navy's efforts to establish espionage networks in the United States before Pearl Harbor"
2524:), some of the first ships in the world to be equipped with 356 mm (14 in) guns, and the most formidable battlecruisers in the world at the time.
7870:
7377:
2893:, introducing enclosed dual 127 mm (5 in) turrets capable of anti-aircraft fire. The new destroyer design was soon emulated by other navies. The
2476:
8323:
8507:
1252:), and a coastal navy that could act in a supportive role to drive an invading enemy from the coast. The resulting military organization followed the
1210:
In February 1872, the Ministry of War was replaced by a separate Army Ministry and Navy Ministry. In October 1873, Katsu Kaishū became Navy Minister.
785:
593:
when feudal rulers vying for supremacy built vast coastal navies of several hundred ships. Around that time Japan may have developed one of the first
2363:. However, due to a lack of material, she was completed with a mixed battery of rifles, launched on 15 November 1906, and completed on 25 March 1910.
736:. Western ships, which were increasing their presence around Japan due to whaling and the trade with China, began to challenge the seclusion policy.
3175:
under way, the Japanese had started to consider preparations for the next major expansion, which was scheduled for 1940. However, with the American
2263:. These five submarines (known as Holland Type VII's) were shipped in kit form to Japan (October 1904) and then assembled at the Yokosuka, Kanagawa
1873:
choices; If the Combined Fleet were to win decisively, the larger part of the Japanese army would undertake immediate landings on the coast between
8469:
6682:
5980:
1893:
was officially declared on 1 August 1894. On August 10, the Japanese ventured into the Yellow Sea to seek out the Beiyang Fleet and bombarded both
1249:
3441:
faced the Japanese in 1943 were overwhelming in firepower and equipment. From the end of 1943 to 1944 Japan's defensive perimeter failed to hold.
7404:
1959:
The Imperial Japanese Navy further intervened in China in 1900 by participating, together with Western Powers, in the suppression of the Chinese
6742:
3467:
311:
3196:
battleship, a fleet carrier, six of a new class of planned escort carriers, six cruisers, twenty-two destroyers, and twenty-five submarines.
622:
Japan built her first large ocean-going warships in the beginning of the 17th century, following contacts with the Western nations during the
6752:
6727:
2967:
Following the dictates of Satō (who doubtless was influenced by Mahan), it was the basis for Japan's demand for a 70% ratio (10:10:7) at the
1087:
Although the Meiji reformers had overthrown the Tokugawa shogunate, tensions between the former ruler and the restoration leaders led to the
1966:
The conflict allowed Japan to enter combat together with Western nations and to acquire first-hand understanding of their fighting methods.
8341:
2964:, to which every major navy subscribed before World War II, in which wars would be decided by engagements between opposing surface fleets.
1799:
894:
692:, the Chinese also through Nagasaki and the Ryukyus and Korea through intermediaries with Tsushima. The study of Western sciences, called "
5954:
5928:
1468:
naval matters, a powerful navy would legitimize an increase in tax revenue. On November 24, the emperor assembled select ministers of the
8474:
7860:
7791:
6737:
6589:
Mrs. Ferguson's Tea-Set, Japan and the Second World War: The Global Consequences Following Germany's Sinking of the SS Automedon in 1940.
3684:
3051:
was plan approved in 1931, provided for the construction of 39 ships to be laid down between 1931 and 1934, centering on four of the new
3397:
1156:
s navy: eight steam warships and 2,000 men. Following the defeat of pro-shogunate resistance on Honshū, Admiral Enomoto Takeaki fled to
2321:
721:
when neutral ships flew the Dutch flag. Frictions with the foreign ships, however, started from the beginning of the 19th century. The
1725:
These ships, ordered during the fiscal years 1885 and 1886, were the last major orders placed with France. The unexplained sinking of
8189:
7804:
7686:
7314:
6732:
3719:
3689:
2779:
2752:
2332:' of eight modern battleships and eight battlecruisers. However, financial constraints prevented this ideal ever becoming a reality.
616:
1825:
cautious and even apprehensive as the navy had not yet received the warships ordered in February 1893, particularly the battleships
879:(1836–1908) was sent by the shogunate to study in the Netherlands for several years. In 1859 the Naval Training Center relocated to
8873:
8858:
7587:
7577:
3181:
3107:
3082:
3046:
2390:
6785:
6712:
2979:
would not face the political and geographical constraints of her previous wars, nor did she allow for losses in ships and crews.
7382:
6376:
2971:, which would give Japan superiority in the "decisive battle area", and the US' insistence on a 60% ratio, which meant parity.
717:
Apart from Dutch trade ships, no other Western vessels were allowed to enter Japanese ports. A notable exception was during the
8893:
8500:
8387:
8361:
6651:
3679:
3552:
3483:
3380:
3246:
1248:(literally: "Static Defense"), focused on coastal defenses, on a standing army (established with the assistance of the second
8868:
8331:
6722:
3694:
2386:
1869:
2735:, which had been partly funded by donations from schoolchildren and would have been scrapped under the terms of the treaty.
678:, one of the original Edo-era battery islands. These batteries are defensive structures built to withstand naval intrusions.
8159:
7920:
7796:
7696:
7681:
7592:
7552:
6747:
6707:
6675:
3704:
3094:
2845:
2827:
2810:
2532:
1889:; damaging a cruiser, sinking a loaded transport, capturing one gunboat and destroying another. The battle occurred before
1343:
582:
capitulated to Chinese demands and sent twenty captured Japanese pirates to China, where they were boiled in a cauldron in
269:
165:
8700:
1993:, among the most powerful battleships of her time, in 1905, was one of the six battleships ordered as part of the program.
1198:
a former Tokugawa navy leader, was brought into the government as Vice Minister of the Navy in 1872, and became the first
8459:
8454:
8174:
7676:
6717:
3756:
2370:
was built in Japan with about 80% material imported from Great Britain, with the following battleship class in 1909, the
299:
3854:
3564:(JSDF), following the passage of the 1954 Self-Defense Forces Law. Japan's current navy falls under the umbrella of the
714:
and mechanical sciences. Seclusion, however, led to the loss of any naval and maritime traditions the nation possessed.
8676:
8615:
8577:
8031:
8026:
7925:
7865:
7656:
7646:
7337:
6601:
6573:
6501:
6350:
6312:
6290:
6093:
5882:
5824:
5770:
4663:
4636:
4506:
4462:
4299:
4272:
4004:
3977:
3950:
3923:
3791:
3674:
3163:
class cruisers, which were under construction, by replacing their 6-inch main batteries with 8-inch guns. In aviation,
3062:
2975:
for success in her previous conflicts), but failed to take account of any of these traits. Her opponents in any future
2554:
2439:
2403:
795:
403:
209:
119:
114:
6763:
6002:
3864:
3100:
8720:
8661:
8620:
8493:
7347:
7342:
3569:
3530:
3487:
3168:
provided for a significant increase in the size of the navy's production facilities for aircraft and aerial weapons.
2566:
2083:
615:
issued a ban on Wakō piracy; the pirates then became vassals of Hideyoshi, and comprised the naval force used in the
388:
20:
19:
This article is about the maritime force of Empire of Japan. For the current maritime force of Japan since 1954, see
3129:
8671:
8582:
8567:
8543:
8366:
8351:
8346:
8061:
7820:
7753:
7542:
7362:
7357:
6843:
2590:
1164:(27 January 1869). The new Meiji government dispatched a military force to defeat the rebels, culminating with the
545:
Japan has a long history of naval interaction with the Asian continent, involving transportation of troops between
2857:
In keeping with its doctrine, the Imperial Japanese Navy was the first to mount 356 mm (14 in) guns (in
2479:, which then moved into the Southern Atlantic, where it encountered British naval forces and was destroyed at the
1802:, the Imperial Japanese Navy stopped relying on foreign instructors altogether. In 1886, she manufactured her own
8888:
8863:
8843:
8754:
8749:
8641:
8054:
6668:
3669:
3543:
at the conclusion of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Navy, along with the rest of the Japanese military, was
3216:
2578:
2560:
2412:
1546:
1347:
6938:
6907:
8772:
8744:
8710:
8429:
8076:
7777:
7547:
7352:
6883:
6538:
6520:
6482:
6460:
6435:
6420:
6331:
6271:
6252:
6233:
6218:
6162:
6149:
6131:
6112:
6064:
6037:
3888:
2584:
2528:
2480:
2104:
1398:
866:
763:
and made demonstrations of force requesting trade negotiations. After two hundred years of seclusion, the 1854
733:
8356:
7786:
7701:
7691:
7307:
3512:
3491:
3457:
3001:
2548:
2519:
2435:
1685:
1186:
756:
160:
155:
6859:
860:
8715:
8666:
8538:
8336:
8207:
7666:
7607:
7597:
7066:
6824:
6702:
5849:
3639:
3445:
1759:
1648:
1519:
1513:
1430:
1199:
989:
843:
259:
24:
6946:
6816:
3390:
which was the first time that capital ships were sunk by aerial attack while underway. In April 1942, the
3367:), and in the specialized training and organization to support it. Imperial Japan's reluctance to use its
2858:
2496:
2335:
By 1920, the Imperial Japanese Navy was the world's third largest navy and a leader in naval development:
2312:
1619:
was hired for four years to reinforce the Japanese Navy and to direct the construction of the arsenals of
1392:
1078:
1010:
8625:
8610:
8016:
7835:
7706:
6778:
3644:
3413:
3123:
2968:
2711:
2371:
2351:
2294:
2231:
2089:
2077:
1907:
1832:
1751:
1642:
1541:
6142:
The origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy, Development and technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War
5762:
The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War
3448:
was a disaster for Japanese naval air power with American pilots terming the slanted air/sea battle the
3007:
8777:
8705:
8651:
8605:
8548:
8298:
8267:
3472:
3407:
3117:
3013:
2864:
2694:
2513:
2238:
2164:
2018:
2014:
1989:
1985:
1654:
1562:
1487:
1172:(originally ordered by the Tokugawa shogunate) and used it decisively towards the end of the conflict.
8792:
7150:
7027:
5147:
2823:
1331:
1294:
1103:
in July 1868, and as a result most of Japan accepted the emperor's rule, however resistance continued
8848:
8646:
8257:
8252:
8179:
8139:
7930:
7617:
6954:
6832:
5839:
Farley, Robert. "Imperial Japan's Last Floating Battleship". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
3565:
2854:
in the world to be completed, and subsequently developed a fleet of aircraft carriers second to none.
2730:
2245:
2095:
1855:
1698:
1373:
722:
557:
8119:
7409:
5907:
1325:
1224:
8853:
8681:
8656:
8371:
8154:
8101:
8049:
7671:
7499:
7300:
6988:
5268:
3942:
Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 1: Trade, Missions, Literature
3434:
3224:
2938:
2638:
2507:
2186:
1826:
1786:
1765:
1764:, which was considered the first effective design of a destroyer, in 1887 and with the purchase of
1672:
1666:
1629:
1303:
1182:
1165:
1104:
1068:
1060:
941:
642:
426:
229:
2995:
2926:). To achieve this goal, she had to build large warships capable of long range operations. In the
1633:
class of cruisers; three units featuring a single powerful main gun, the 320 mm (13 in)
1095:(28 January 1868) was significant; this also proved one of the few Tokugawa successes in the war.
655:
to the Americas, which then continued to Europe. From 1604 the Bakufu also commissioned about 350
575:
8739:
8572:
8485:
8194:
8071:
8001:
7810:
7562:
7489:
4960:
Wakamiya is "credited with conducting the first successful carrier air raid in history" Austrian
3495:
3426:
3190:
2874:
2715:
2677:
2475:
A battle group was also sent to the central Pacific in August and September to pursue the German
2127:
2047:
2031:
2009:
1890:
1838:
1819:
1481:
1388:
1145:
s navy, refused to surrender all his ships, remitting just four vessels, and escaped to northern
475:
214:
5958:
5932:
3429:
the Japanese were forced to abandon their attempts to isolate Australia while the defeat in the
2760:
1914:. Although Japan turned out victorious, the two large German-made Chinese ironclad battleships (
732:
in 1808, and other subsequent incidents in the following decades, led the shogunate to enact an
422:
7875:
7851:
7748:
7733:
7582:
7494:
7019:
6771:
6391:
Baker, Arthur Davidson (1987). "Japanese Naval Construction 1915–1945: An Introductory Essay".
5267:, converted to an aircraft carrier during the 1920s, and also two of the eight monitors of the
3897:
3540:
3376:
2933:, the IJN began to structure itself specifically to fight the United States. A long stretch of
2884:
2655:
2616:
2449:
2357:
2300:
2264:
2133:
1782:, the fastest cruiser in the world at the time of her launch in 1892. In 1889, she ordered the
1775:
1726:
1381:
1377:
1337:
764:
491:
455:
407:
6324:
Making Waves: Politics, Propaganda, And The Emergence Of The Imperial Japanese Navy, 1868–1922
5872:
5814:
5760:
4626:
4452:
4289:
4262:
3994:
3967:
3913:
474:. The navy had several successes, sometimes against much more powerful enemies such as in the
8807:
8730:
7935:
7397:
6555:
4653:
3940:
3734:
3560:
3548:
3360:
3074:
2941:
in 1937 had exacerbated tensions with the United States, which was seen as a rival of Japan.
2801:
The mission also brought the plans of the most recent British aircraft carriers, such as HMS
2651:
2419:
1926:
703:
433:
3781:
2923:
1742:
1616:
417:
The origins of the Imperial Japanese Navy go back to early interactions with nations on the
187:
8066:
7890:
7880:
7392:
6643:
5213:
3653:
3517:
3453:
3052:
2544:
2260:
2068:
2035:
1397:, leading to the dispatch of a large force of the Imperial Japanese Navy. As a result, the
945:
501:
6566:
Kinu to hikariō: shirarezaru Nichi-Futsu kōryū 100-nen no rekishi (Edo jidai-1950-nendai).
5260:
The British had used 18-inch guns during the First World War on the large "light" cruiser
3506:
2702:
By 1921, Japan's naval expenditure reached nearly 32% of the national government budget.
2366:
Between 1903 and 1910, Japan began to build battleships domestically. The 1906 battleship
2071:
viewed from the Top of Gold Hill, after capitulation in 1905. From left wrecks of Russian
1714:
This period also allowed Japan "to embrace the revolutionary new technologies embodied in
1168:
in May 1869. The Imperial side took delivery (February 1869) of the French-built ironclad
496:
8:
8293:
8240:
8213:
8203:
8149:
8144:
8129:
8006:
7830:
7509:
7504:
7387:
7112:
6549:
Soie et lumières: L'âge d'or des échanges franco-japonais (des origines aux années 1950).
5155:
4961:
3544:
3260:
3022:
2795:
2756:
2643:. By the end of the war, the Japanese had escorted 788 allied transports. One destroyer,
2344:
2325:
2256:
2178:
2169:, which was among the most powerful warships afloat when completed, was ordered from the
1942:
1911:
1851:
1779:
1771:
1267:
623:
579:
380:
8081:
1496:
guns. The naval architect Sasō Sachū designed these on the line of the Elswick class of
1387:
Various interventions in the Korean Peninsula continued in 1875–1876, starting with the
1241:(1877), forced the government to focus on land warfare, and the army gained prominence.
406:
for aircraft and airstrike operation from the fleet. It was the primary opponent of the
8262:
8199:
8021:
7991:
7532:
7235:
6921:
6793:
5645:
3631:
3617:
3087:
2492:
2249:
2207:
2203:
2059:
1938:
1934:
1497:
1309:
From September 1870, the English Lieutenant Horse, a former gunnery instructor for the
1096:
936:
joined Satsuma in acquiring ships. These naval elements proved insufficient during the
921:
906:
902:
749:
726:
652:
635:
612:
479:
454:, Japan's navy was comparatively backward when the country was forced open to trade by
399:
394:
The Imperial Japanese Navy was the third largest navy in the world by 1920, behind the
384:
219:
1372:, was narrowly abandoned by decision of the central government in Tokyo. In 1874, the
702:
in Nagasaki led to the transfer of knowledge related to the Western technological and
54:
8303:
7996:
7976:
7743:
7372:
6996:
6597:
6577:
6569:
6534:
6516:
6497:
6478:
6456:
6431:
6416:
6400:
6346:
6327:
6308:
6286:
6267:
6248:
6229:
6214:
6198:
6177:
6158:
6145:
6127:
6108:
6089:
6060:
6033:
5878:
5820:
5766:
5649:
5637:
4659:
4632:
4502:
4458:
4295:
4268:
4000:
3973:
3946:
3919:
3884:
3787:
3534:
3391:
3355:
3176:
3070:
2957:
2488:
2484:
2431:
2340:
2329:
2100:
1586:
1558:
1537:
1238:
1034:
740:
538:
471:
459:
7452:
6648:
2259:
designs and were developed under the supervision of Electric Boat's representative,
1369:
682:
For more than 200 years, beginning in the 1640s, the Japanese policy of seclusion ("
508:
8444:
8164:
7885:
7557:
6627:
6474:
5987:
5627:
5261:
3430:
2851:
2833:
2423:
2400:
2320:
The period immediately after Tsushima also saw the IJN, under the influence of the
2288:
2192:
1886:
1624:
1532:
1427:
1359:
1131:
1020:
1007:
994:, was Japan's first domestically built steam warship. It was completed in May 1866.
776:
768:
594:
463:
437:
252:
8419:
6124:
Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941
5632:
5615:
3041:). Between 1930 and the outbreak of the Second World War there were four of these
1422:
8817:
8812:
8802:
8797:
8787:
8782:
8464:
8169:
8091:
8011:
7484:
7323:
7057:
6655:
6593:
6587:
6561:
6544:
6371:
Friendship across the Seas: The US Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
6054:
5389:
3868:
3858:
3709:
3211:
2961:
2927:
2909:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2540:
2427:
2123:
2072:
2002:
1960:
1954:
1792:
1620:
1605:
1310:
1161:
1127:
876:
840:
744:
718:
534:
529:
376:
95:
59:
8086:
3969:
The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500–1800
2248:, barely four years after the US Navy had commissioned its own first submarine,
1885:
A Japanese squadron intercepted and defeated a Chinese force near Korean island
1313:
during the Bakumatsu period, was put in charge of gunnery practice on board the
1195:
898:
425:
and reaching a peak of activity during the 16th and 17th centuries at a time of
8414:
8308:
8134:
8124:
7981:
7945:
7367:
7126:
6979:
6632:
3663:
3364:
2469:
1941:, although she was forced by Russia, Germany and France to return it to China (
1807:
1758:
Japan turned again to Britain, with the order of a revolutionary torpedo boat,
1449:
1234:
1064:
965:
925:
917:
660:
631:
590:
109:
8449:
8424:
6059:. Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies Series. Routledge. p. 307.
3086:
plan was approved, covering the construction of 48 new warships including the
2283:
1582:
1573:
1218:
8837:
8529:
7940:
7661:
7651:
7479:
7444:
7259:
7174:
6466:
6404:
6202:
6181:
5641:
3852:
3659:
3603:
2952:
2791:
2309:
2196:
2064:
1980:
1975:
1903:
1860:
1553:
1464:
1123:
1092:
816:
656:
589:
Japan undertook major naval building efforts in the 16th century, during the
523:
467:
142:
8041:
5812:
5113:
Ed. John Whitney Hall and Marius B. Jansen. Cambridge University Press, 1988
3135:
aircraft carrier, along with sixty-four other warships in other categories.
2840:
Between the wars, Japan took the lead in many areas of warship development:
2487:, which remained Japanese colonies until the end of World War II, under the
8517:
7537:
7414:
7251:
7206:
7103:
6300:
6006:
3874:
3862:
3728:
3589:
3477:
2930:
2898:
2665:
2465:
2156:
2027:
1803:
1747:
1590:
1445:
1055:
1037:
in 1868 led to the overthrow of the shogunate. From 1868, the newly formed
771:
to international trade and interaction. This was soon followed by the 1858
598:
550:
519:
391:(JMSDF) was formed between 1952 and 1954 after the dissolution of the IJN.
234:
8111:
7728:
3760:
2870:
1527:
1454:
1353:
578:. In response to threats of Chinese invasion of Japan, in 1405 the shogun
288:
8184:
7738:
7080:
7010:
6875:
6660:
6581:
6375:. Tokyo: Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture. Archived from
6283:
Warships after Washington: The Development of Five Major Fleets 1922–1930
3880:
3879:(referring to the anteriority of Japanese ironclads (1578) to the Korean
3761:
Japan> National Security> Self-Defense Forces> Early Development
3724:
3418:
2976:
2415:
2223:
1874:
1783:
1601:
1258:
1119:
1115:
1100:
968:
933:
929:
888:
752:
ended in failure, in part to Japanese resistance, until the early 1850s.
707:
561:
411:
224:
8596:
5027:"Japanese lieutenant's son visits Japanese war dead at Kalkara cemetery"
4454:
Rulers, Guns, and Money: The Global Arms Trade in the Age of Imperialism
659:, usually armed and incorporating some Western technologies, mainly for
331:
8525:
7986:
7602:
6649:
Imperial Japanese Navy in World War 1, 1914–18 including warship losses
6644:
Imperial Japanese Navy Awards of the Golden Kite in World War 2, a Note
3892:
2934:
2902:
2673:
2455:
2291:
2219:
2182:
2116:
1899:
1719:
1585:" ("young school") doctrine, favoring small, fast warships, especially
1509:
1088:
1050:
937:
913:
801:
451:
395:
7895:
5549:
5537:
5148:"Limitation of Naval Armament (FivePower Treaty of Washington Treaty)"
2809:, which influenced the final stages of the development of the carrier
2535:
to the Mediterranean. This force, consisted of one protected cruiser,
2244:
The Imperial Japanese Navy acquired its first submarines in 1905 from
1734:
from France to Japan in December 1886, created embarrassment however.
887:. In 1857 the shogunate acquired its first screw-driven steam warship
8691:
8592:
8313:
8288:
8283:
8096:
7967:
7900:
7572:
6807:
6088:(reprint 1978 ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
5041:
3368:
2890:
2669:
2600:
2408:
conducted the world's first sea-launched air raids in September 1914.
2227:
2215:
2185:
Dockyard & Engine Works, Nagasaki. The Imperial Japanese cruiser
2149:
1894:
1806:, and in 1892 one of her officers invented a powerful explosive, the
1634:
1501:
1364:
1191:
1111:
760:
608:
514:
340:
638:
603:
446:
8392:
7825:
7516:
7460:
5458:
5456:
3462:
1567:
1508:
however, who equipped herself with two 7,335 ton German-built
1291:
1275:
1271:
1157:
1074:
1028:
820:
689:
8515:
7292:
4499:
Chiyoda (II): First Armoured Cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy
3207:
3185:
six-year expansion program, which was approved in September 1939.
3025:, the Japanese started a series of naval construction programs or
2688:
2299:, the first ship in the world to be designed and laid down as an "
2278:
853:
8764:
8558:
7567:
6056:
Japan's Sea Lane Security, 1940–2004: A Matter Of Life And Death?
4501:, Kathrin Milanovich, Warship 2006, Conway Maritime Press, 2006,
3649:
3058:
2944:
This was in conflict with Japan's doctrine of "decisive battle" (
2747:
2604:
2527:
Following a further request by the British and the initiation of
2461:
2170:
2142:
1878:
1715:
1681:
1581:
During the 1880s, France took the lead in influence, due to its "
1376:
was the first foray abroad of the new Imperial Japanese Navy and
1038:
986:
880:
872:
824:
792:
694:
648:
571:
440:. After two centuries of stagnation during the country's ensuing
6637:
5453:
5293:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare
3837:
The economic aspects of the history of the civilization of Japan
3139:
also called for the rearming of the demilitarized battlecruiser
3112:
deficiencies compared with the United States. While the core of
8822:
8245:
7419:
5796:
5794:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5496:
5494:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5471:
4896:
4291:
The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism
3938:
3873:"Ironclad ships, however, were not new to Japan and Hideyoshi;
2818:
2661:
2434:, the Imperial Japanese Navy helped seize the German colony at
2430:, as a consequence of the 1902 Anglo-Japanese Alliance. In the
1930:
1671:, a small cruiser of 2,439 tons built in Britain, and the
1146:
1110:
On 26 March 1868 the first naval review in Japan took place in
711:
706:
which allowed Japan to remain aware of naval sciences, such as
699:
684:
675:
671:
583:
441:
430:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5082:
5080:
1706:
16 torpedo boats of 54 tons each, built in France by the
1286:
7612:
5900:
5614:
Drabkin, Ron; Kusunoki, K.; Hart, B. W. (22 September 2022).
4805:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4721:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4584:
4582:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4516:
4514:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4232:
4230:
4228:
3539:
Following Japan's surrender and subsequent occupation by the
2608:
2596:
1694:
1505:
1493:
884:
755:
During 1853 and 1854, American warships under the command of
566:
546:
5791:
5733:
5721:
5680:
5656:
5518:
5506:
5491:
5468:
5441:
5429:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
2912:, generally recognized as the best torpedo of World War Two.
2908:
Japan developed the 610 mm (24 in) oxygen fuelled
2676:
as part of Japan's contribution to the war effort under the
2241:. The victory at Tsushima elevated the stature of the navy.
2159:(26 German-, 10 British-, 17 French-, and 10 Japanese-built)
1948:
1846:
6262:
Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter; Mickel, Peter (1977).
5779:
5604:. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute Press, 1993.
5413:. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute Press, 1983.
5350:. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute Press, 1991.
5242:
5230:
5175:
5128:
5116:
5092:
5077:
5053:
5006:
4994:
4982:
4866:
4842:
4771:
4769:
4694:
4692:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4215:
4213:
4200:
4198:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4119:
4117:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4074:
4072:
4059:
4057:
4055:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3700:
List of Japanese Navy ships and war vessels in World War II
2395:
901:
was hired to build Japan's first modern naval arsenals, at
666:
418:
372:
132:
6494:
Sunk: The Story of the Japanese Submarine Fleet, 1941–1945
4908:
4793:
4781:
4745:
4733:
4704:
4594:
4579:
4567:
4550:
4538:
4511:
4432:
4382:
4225:
3992:
3945:. Vol. III. University of Chicago Press. p. 29.
1435:
was the flagship of the Imperial Japanese Navy until 1881.
1041:
continued with reforms to centralize and modernize Japan.
6305:
Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941
5813:
Rikihei Inoguchi; Tadashi Nakajima; Roger Pineau (1958).
4854:
4830:
4183:
4129:
4013:
2218:, and triggered waves of mutinies in the Russian Navy at
2042:
was born, with six battleships and six armored cruisers.
1969:
6564:, Christian. (2002). 絹と光: 知られざる日仏交流100年の歴史 (江戶時代1950年代)
6226:
French Policy Towards the Bakufu and Meiji Japan 1854–95
4766:
4689:
4672:
4606:
4526:
4365:
4348:
4325:
4308:
4287:
4210:
4195:
4164:
4114:
4093:
4069:
4052:
3812:
3800:
1945:), only to see Russia take possession of it soon after.
1868:
European powers with interests in East Asia. The army's
1384:, however the navy served largely as a transport force.
6453:
Steam, Steel and Shellfire, The Steam Warship 1815–1905
5816:
The Divine Wind: Japan's Kamikaze Force in World War II
5709:
5697:
4242:
4152:
3045:
which were drawn up in 1931, 1934, 1937, and 1939. The
1354:
First interventions abroad (Taiwan 1874, Korea 1875–76)
549:
and Japan, starting at least with the beginning of the
6553:
Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie Française du Japon,
6428:
Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II
6266:. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute.
5582:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
3486:
units from 12th Air Fleet saw extensive action during
1813:
6446:
Les Grandes Batailles de l'Histoire, Port-Arthur 1904
5570:
5194:
5163:
8884:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
6496:. New York: Henry Holt; reprint: Progressive Press.
6261:
5668:
5065:
4970:
3579:
2794:. The Japanese were trained on several, such as the
1798:
Between 1882 and 1918, ending with the visit of the
912:
The shogunate also allowed and then ordered various
651:-type ship that transported the Japanese embassy of
537:(1590–1630), a merchant and soldier who traveled to
6510:
6102:
5613:
4925:
4923:
4651:
4480:
4413:
4040:
2438:. During the siege, beginning on 5 September 1914,
1114:, with six ships from the private domain navies of
3116:was to be the construction of the two battleships
2599:and efficiently protected allied shipping between
916:to purchase warships and to develop naval fleets,
865:, and began using it for training, establishing a
482:, before being largely destroyed in World War II.
8879:Military units and formations established in 1869
6609:Togo Heihachiro in images, illustrated Meiji Navy
5908:"Japan Self-Defense Force | Defending Japan"
4450:
4260:
3877:, in fact, had many ironclad ships in his fleet."
3452:, mostly going in the favor of the US, while the
2343:, the Japanese Navy was the first navy to employ
2053:
1418:History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1882–1893)
1408:sailed to Europe with an entirely Japanese crew.
8835:
8470:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
5758:
4920:
2869:), and began the only battleships ever to mount
2742:
1281:
1213:
1029:Creation of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1868–72)
973:, Japan's first screw-driven steam warship, 1857
8440:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
6617:潜水艦大作戦, Jinbutsu publishing (新人物従来社) (Japanese)
4624:
3965:
3656:– Army political groups about government reform
2531:by Germany, in March 1917, the Japanese sent a
2279:Towards an autonomous national navy (1905–1914)
854:Development of shogunal and domain naval forces
848:(1854) was built from Dutch technical drawings.
7429:
6366:
6307:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
6126:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
6107:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
6086:A Battle History of The Imperial Japanese Navy
5819:. United States Naval Institute. p. 150.
5765:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 313.
5295:(London: Phoebus, 1978), Volum3 10, p. 1041, "
3911:
3433:saw the Japanese forced on the defensive. The
3065:to 14 Air Groups. However, plans for a second
2945:
1411:
743:in 1837 and news of China's defeat during the
363:
344:
335:
40:
8501:
7308:
6779:
6676:
6607:Tōgō Shrine and Tōgō Association (東郷神社・東郷会),
6343:The Imperial Japanese Navy in the Pacific War
6105:The Japanese Submarine Force and World War II
5973:
4825:Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War
4628:Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia
4264:Meiji Japan: The emergence of the Meiji state
2960:. This is also in keeping with the theory of
2683:
2275:, and became operational at the end of 1905.
1528:Influence of the French "Jeune École" (1880s)
1439:
895:1860 Japanese delegation to the United States
6122:Evans, David & Peattie, Mark R. (1997).
6121:
5800:
5746:
5727:
5691:
5662:
5555:
5543:
5531:
5512:
5500:
5485:
5462:
5447:
5435:
5248:
5236:
5188:
5134:
5122:
5098:
5086:
5059:
5047:
5012:
5000:
4988:
4914:
4902:
4872:
4848:
4811:
4799:
4787:
4760:
4739:
4727:
4715:
4600:
4588:
4573:
4561:
4544:
4520:
4438:
4407:
4236:
4189:
4146:
4034:
3823:
3806:
3666:– Navy political groups about naval treaties
2819:Naval developments during the interwar years
7792:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
6425:
5877:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 240.
5361:Influence of Seapower on History, 1660–1783
3972:. Cambridge University Press. p. 110.
3685:Imperial Japanese Navy bases and facilities
3394:drove the Royal Navy from South East Asia.
3202:
3031:naval replenishment, or construction, plans
2705:
2376:, being built with only 20% imported parts.
1190:domains which had been acquired during the
8508:
8494:
7315:
7301:
6786:
6772:
6690:
6683:
6669:
6321:
6032:. Stanford University Press. p. 309.
4860:
4836:
4775:
4698:
4683:
4612:
4532:
4492:
4376:
4359:
4342:
4319:
4219:
4204:
4177:
4123:
4108:
4078:
4063:
3939:Donald F. Lach; Edwin J. Van Kley (1998).
3073:capsizing and heavy typhoon damage to the
2483:. Japan also seized German possessions in
2380:
2350:In 1905, it began building the battleship
2347:in combat, at the 1905 Battle of Tsushima.
1615:In 1885, the leading French Navy engineer
362:'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or
53:
8190:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
7805:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
6491:
5806:
5631:
4457:. Harvard University Press. p. 137.
3918:. Harvard University Press. p. 293.
3720:Recruitment in the Imperial Japanese Navy
3690:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
3372:as another major factor in their defeat.
2637:). They were later joined by the cruiser
2595:), under Admiral Satō Kōzō, was based in
1949:Suppression of the Boxer rebellion (1900)
1902:. The Combined Fleet then devastated the
1244:Naval policy, as expressed by the slogan
7578:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
6413:The Christian Century in Japan 1549–1650
6242:
6188:
6167:
5602:Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II
4254:
4248:
4158:
3505:
3396:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3253:
3206:
3155:. Also funded was the upgrading of four
2994:
2822:
2746:
2687:
2394:
2391:Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I
2282:
2126:(4 British-, 2 Italian-, 1 German-built
2063:
2034:plates could resist all but the largest
2008:
1979:
1845:
1741:
1572:
1552:
1531:
1421:
1285:
1217:
1054:
670:
667:Western studies and the end of seclusion
528:
507:
495:
462:. Accompanying the re-ascendance of the
6299:
5785:
5715:
5703:
5200:
5169:
4976:
4967:launched sea plane raids a year earlier
4655:The Arc of Japan's Economic Development
4294:. Homa & Sekey Books. p. 450.
3143:and the refitting of her sister ships,
2863:), 410 mm (16.1 in) guns (in
2621:, and four more destroyers were added (
2202:These dispositions culminated with the
1925:As a result of the conflict, under the
1737:
1566:, built domestically at the arsenal of
86:
8836:
8388:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
6340:
6280:
6264:Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy
6156:Jane's Battleships of the 20th Century
6052:
6027:
6005:. The Samurai Archives. Archived from
5981:"Flightglobal – World Air Forces 2015"
5897:Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution
5870:
5674:
5588:
5576:
5071:
5024:
3680:Imperial Japanese Navy Aviation Bureau
3524:
3468:air attacks on Kure and the Inland Sea
3247:Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II
3179:in 1938, the Japanese accelerated the
3128:, it also called for building the two
2448:attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser
2145:(5 Japanese, 2 British and 2 US-built)
1970:Naval buildup and tensions with Russia
1662:3 coastal warships of 4,278 tons.
1063:, May 1869; in the foreground, wooden
617:Japanese invasion of Korea (1592–1598)
518:coastal naval war vessel, bearing the
8489:
7296:
6767:
6664:
6390:
3993:R. H. P. Mason; J. G. Caiger (1997).
3695:Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces
2883:In 1928, she launched the innovative
2387:Imperial Japanese Navy in World War I
1677:, 1,800 tons, built at Yokosuka.
1500:but with superior specifications. An
1160:, where he established the breakaway
7797:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
7553:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
6568:Tokyo: Ashetto Fujin Gahōsha, 2002.
6513:Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War
6511:Lacroix, Eric; Linton Wells (1997).
6465:
6223:
6103:Boyd, Carl; Akihiko Yoshida (1995).
6083:
4486:
4426:
4046:
3705:List of weapons of the Japanese Navy
2916:
1138:Enomoto Takeaki, the admiral of the
897:. In 1865 the French naval engineer
458:in 1854. This eventually led to the
60:Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy
8460:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
7707:East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
7322:
6003:"The Madness of Toyotomi Hideyoshi"
4288:Chae-ŏn Kang; Jae-eun Kang (2006).
3996:A History of Japan: Revised Edition
3757:Library of Congress Country Studies
2611:until the end of the War. In June,
1814:First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895)
791:Replica of the Japanese-built 1613
300:Ranks of the Imperial Japanese Navy
16:Naval branch of the Empire of Japan
13:
6360:
5620:Intelligence and National Security
5111:Cambridge History of Japan Vol. 6.
5025:Zammit, Roseanne (27 March 2004).
3999:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 205.
3675:Imperial Japanese Navy Armor Units
3171:In 1938, with the construction of
2983:capital ship development reigned.
2832:, the world's first purpose built
2654:to France. In 1918, ships such as
2152:(16 British- and 8 Japanese-built)
1358:During 1873, a plan to invade the
946:Allied bombardments of Shimonoseki
819:of the Araki clan, sailing out of
404:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
14:
8905:
6621:
6451:Gardiner, Robert (editor) (2001)
6000:
4267:. Psychology Press. p. 191.
3570:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
3531:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
1545:, the flagship of the IJN at the
1391:provoked by the Japanese gunboat
1321:was hired to train naval cadets.
1099:eventually surrendered after the
893:and used it as an escort for the
389:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
385:Japan's surrender in World War II
21:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
8160:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
7428:
6046:
6021:
5994:
5947:
5921:
5891:
5864:
5842:
5833:
5752:
5607:
5594:
5561:
5416:
5399:
5378:
5366:
3624:
3610:
3596:
3582:
2339:Following its 1897 invention by
1800:French Military Mission to Japan
1710:in 1888, and assembled in Japan.
1250:French Military Mission to Japan
1175:
999:
978:
957:
832:
808:
784:
287:
88:
8874:1945 disestablishments in Japan
8859:Military of the Empire of Japan
8175:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
6611:(図説東郷平八郎、目で見る明治の海軍), (Japanese)
6492:Hashimoto, Mochitsura (2010) .
6322:Schencking, J. Charles (2005).
5353:
5340:
5327:
5314:
5302:
5285:
5254:
5206:
5140:
5104:
5018:
4954:
4945:
4940:Battleships of the 20th Century
4932:
4887:
4878:
4817:
4645:
4618:
4471:
4444:
4281:
4084:
3986:
3959:
3902:("Steam, Steel and Shellfire").
3786:. Bloomsbury. 1991. p. 7.
3670:Imperial Japanese Naval Academy
3516:under dismantling operation at
3480:of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
3435:campaign in the Solomon Islands
3240:
2990:
2937:expansion and the start of the
2871:460 mm (18.1 in) guns
2543:and eight of the Navy's newest
1641:3 cruisers: the 4,700 ton
1350:also emerged around this time.
750:Numerous attempts to open Japan
698:" through the Dutch enclave of
402:(USN). It was supported by the
270:Chief of the Navy General Staff
8711:12 cm 11th Year Type naval gun
8516:Japanese naval weapons of the
8430:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
7548:Imperial Rescript on Education
6144:, University of Chicago Press
5910:. Defendingjapan.wordpress.com
5363:(Boston: Little, Brown, n.d.).
3932:
3905:
3842:
3829:
3774:
3765:
3750:
2780:Captain William Forbes-Sempill
2529:unrestricted submarine warfare
2237:, thereby contributing to the
2054:Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)
1404:In 1878, the Japanese cruiser
734:Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels
1:
8894:Naval history of World War II
7881:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
7787:Imperial General Headquarters
7378:Foreign commerce and shipping
6326:. Stanford University Press.
6077:
6030:A History of Japan, 1334–1615
5929:"海上自衛隊：ギャラリー：写真ギャラリー：護衛艦（艦艇）"
5633:10.1080/02684527.2022.2123935
3033:), known unofficially as the
2850:, the first purpose-designed
2743:Development of naval aviation
1791:, which defined the type for
1612:(Jp:海国日本, "Maritime Japan").
1282:British support and influence
1214:Secondary Service (1872–1882)
1187:Ministry of the Navy of Japan
1083:of the Imperial Japanese Navy
1044:
156:Imperial General Headquarters
8869:1869 establishments in Japan
8208:Hirohito surrender broadcast
7608:Greater East Asia Conference
4652:Arthur J. Alexander (2008).
3640:Admiral of the Fleet (Japan)
3551:which was drawn up in 1947,
3460:which were popularly called
3375:The IJN launched a surprise
3214:aboard the aircraft carrier
2111:The new fleet consisted of:
1452:submitted a document to the
1304:Lt. Comdr. Archibald Douglas
773:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
25:Ministry of the Navy (Japan)
7:
7593:Supreme Court of Judicature
6558:Fujin Gahōsha (アシェット婦人画報社).
6448:, Socomer Editions (French)
6243:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001).
5411:The Barrier and the Javelin
3645:Carrier Striking Task Force
3575:
3450:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot
2969:Washington Naval Conference
2901:enclosed in splinter proof
2712:Washington Naval Conference
2650:In 1917, Japan exported 12
2230:, peaking in June with the
1653:, built in France, and the
1412:Naval expansion (1882–1893)
875:such as the future Admiral
815:Painting of a 17th-century
564:in 1274 and 1281, Japanese
371:, 'Japanese Navy') was the
47:(Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun)
10:
8910:
8299:Second Philippine Republic
8077:Manchuria–Mongolia problem
7229:Acquisitions (before 1871)
6633:Hiroshi Nishida's IJN site
6473:. New York & Toronto:
6471:Japanese Destroyer Captain
4451:Jonathan A. Grant (2007).
4261:Peter F. Kornicki (1998).
3783:Early Samurai: 200–1500 AD
3528:
3261:Standard Tons Displacement
3244:
3222:
2897:s also featured the first
2782:, a former officer in the
2766:
2709:
2684:Interwar years (1918–1937)
2384:
2239:Russian Revolution of 1905
2163:One of these battleships,
2057:
2015:pre-dreadnought battleship
1986:pre-dreadnought battleship
1973:
1952:
1817:
1440:First naval expansion bill
1415:
1399:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
1237:(1874) and especially the
1135:combat of the Boshin War.
1048:
777:treaties with other powers
556:Following the attempts at
489:
485:
18:
8763:
8729:
8690:
8634:
8591:
8557:
8524:
8407:
8380:
8322:
8276:
8233:
8226:
8180:Japan during World War II
8140:Pacification of Manchukuo
8110:
8040:
8032:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
8027:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
7965:
7958:
7909:
7896:Control Faction (Tōseiha)
7849:
7775:
7768:
7715:
7633:
7626:
7618:Imperial Japanese Airways
7525:
7472:
7437:
7426:
7330:
7228:
7204:
7172:
7148:
7124:
7101:
7078:
7055:
7008:
6977:
6919:
6805:
6799:(July 1869–February 1871)
6698:
6515:. Naval Institute Press.
6426:D'Albas, Andrieu (1965).
6140:Howe, Christopher (1996)
5871:Menton, Linda K. (2003).
5759:Christopher Howe (1996).
5291:Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed.
4658:. Routledge. p. 56.
4631:. ABC-CLIO. p. 117.
3566:Japan Self-Defense Forces
3501:
2946:
1863:captured by Japan in 1895
1149:with the remnants of the
723:Nagasaki Harbour Incident
558:Mongol invasions of Japan
466:came a period of frantic
421:, beginning in the early
364:
355:Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun
345:
336:
310:
305:
295:
283:
278:
268:
258:
248:
243:
202:
194:
182:
174:
148:
138:
128:
102:
82:
74:
66:
52:
41:
39:
34:
8755:Type 3 Shell "San Shiki"
8682:20 cm/12 short naval gun
8677:15.5 cm/60 3rd Year Type
8657:12 cm/12 short naval gun
8578:15.5 cm/60 3rd Year Type
8155:Second Sino-Japanese War
8102:Racial Equality Proposal
7682:Agriculture and Commerce
6628:Nobunaga's ironclad navy
6245:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914
6154:Ireland, Bernard (1996)
5874:The Rise of Modern Japan
5801:Evans & Peattie 1997
5747:Evans & Peattie 1997
5728:Evans & Peattie 1997
5692:Evans & Peattie 1997
5663:Evans & Peattie 1997
5558:, p. 205 & 370.
5556:Evans & Peattie 1997
5546:, p. 355 & 367.
5544:Evans & Peattie 1997
5532:Evans & Peattie 1997
5513:Evans & Peattie 1997
5501:Evans & Peattie 1997
5486:Evans & Peattie 1997
5463:Evans & Peattie 1997
5448:Evans & Peattie 1997
5436:Evans & Peattie 1997
5249:Evans & Peattie 1997
5237:Evans & Peattie 1997
5189:Evans & Peattie 1997
5135:Evans & Peattie 1997
5123:Evans & Peattie 1997
5099:Evans & Peattie 1997
5087:Evans & Peattie 1997
5060:Evans & Peattie 1997
5050:, p. 212 & 215.
5048:Evans & Peattie 1997
5013:Evans & Peattie 1997
5001:Evans & Peattie 1997
4989:Evans & Peattie 1997
4915:Evans & Peattie 1997
4903:Evans & Peattie 1997
4873:Evans & Peattie 1997
4849:Evans & Peattie 1997
4812:Evans & Peattie 1997
4800:Evans & Peattie 1997
4788:Evans & Peattie 1997
4761:Evans & Peattie 1997
4740:Evans & Peattie 1997
4728:Evans & Peattie 1997
4716:Evans & Peattie 1997
4625:Stanley Sandler (2002).
4601:Evans & Peattie 1997
4589:Evans & Peattie 1997
4574:Evans & Peattie 1997
4562:Evans & Peattie 1997
4545:Evans & Peattie 1997
4521:Evans & Peattie 1997
4439:Evans & Peattie 1997
4408:Evans & Peattie 1997
4237:Evans & Peattie 1997
4190:Evans & Peattie 1997
4147:Evans & Peattie 1997
4035:Evans & Peattie 1997
3966:Geoffrey Parker (1996).
3824:Evans & Peattie 1997
3807:Evans & Peattie 1997
3743:
3225:Second Sino-Japanese War
3203:Second Sino-Japanese War
3159:-class cruisers and two
2939:Second Sino-Japanese War
2706:Washington treaty system
2210:, Admiral Togo (flag in
2048:an alliance with Britain
1547:Battle of the Yalu River
1426:The British-built steam
1166:Naval Battle of Hakodate
1061:Naval Battle of Hakodate
1019:), Japan's first modern
942:Bombardment of Kagoshima
634:, in agreement with the
230:Second Sino-Japanese War
8721:14 cm/40 11th Year Type
8662:12 cm/45 10th Year Type
8621:12 cm/45 10th Year Type
8573:15 cm/50 41st Year Type
8539:36 cm/45 41st Year Type
8072:Washington Naval Treaty
8017:Anglo–Japanese Alliance
8002:First Sino-Japanese War
7821:Nuclear weapons program
7563:Great Japan Youth Party
7490:National seals of Japan
6367:Agawa, Naoyuki (2019).
6285:. Seaforth Publishing.
6028:Samson, George (1961).
3912:Louis-Frédéric (2002).
3476:was the only surviving
3363:(both escort ships and
3255:IJN vs USN shipbuilding
3061:, and expansion of the
2716:Washington Naval Treaty
2678:Anglo-Japanese alliance
2454:and the German gunboat
2381:World War I (1914–1918)
1820:First Sino-Japanese War
1389:Ganghwa Island incident
1228:, between 1878 and 1891
757:Commodore Matthew Perry
607:, had six iron-covered
215:First Sino-Japanese War
8889:Attack on Pearl Harbor
8864:Naval history of Japan
8844:Imperial Japanese Navy
8672:14 cm/50 3rd Year Type
8616:12 cm/45 3rd Year Type
8583:20 cm/50 3rd Year Type
8568:14 cm/50 3rd Year Type
8544:41 cm/45 3rd Year Type
8120:Shōwa financial crisis
7912:Imperial Japanese Navy
7852:Imperial Japanese Army
7583:Peace Preservation Law
6796:Imperial Japanese Navy
6692:Imperial Japanese Navy
6638:Imperial Japanese Navy
6529:Nagazumi, Yōko (永積洋子)
6224:Sims, Richard (1998).
6084:Dull, Paul S. (2013).
5409:, and Willmott, H. P.,
5394:American Black Chamber
3739:– Navy Military Police
3521:
3422:
3377:attack on Pearl Harbor
3220:
3212:Type 91 Aerial Torpedo
3018:
3011:and the battlecruiser
2837:
2764:
2699:
2652:Arabe-class destroyers
2409:
2304:
2265:Yokosuka Naval Arsenal
2108:
2022:
1994:
1864:
1755:
1665:2 small cruisers: the
1578:
1570:
1550:
1504:was taking place with
1436:
1382:Mudan Incident of 1871
1319:Commander L. P. Willan
1299:
1229:
1084:
765:Convention of Kanagawa
679:
611:made in 1576. In 1588
570:became very active in
542:
526:
505:
492:Naval history of Japan
324:Imperial Japanese Navy
35:Imperial Japanese Navy
23:. For other uses, see
8642:8 cm/40 3rd Year Type
8062:Siberian Intervention
7871:Railways and Shipping
7687:Commerce and Industry
7383:Industrial production
6547:, Christian. (2001).
6393:Warship International
6345:. Osprey Publishing.
6341:Stille, Mark (2014).
6281:Jordan, John (2011).
6211:World War II warships
6191:Warship International
6170:Warship International
6053:Graham, Euan (2006).
5955:"海上自衛隊：ギャラリー：潜水艦（艦艇）"
5424:World War II warships
5405:Peattie & Evans,
5333:Peattie & Evans,
5322:World War II Warships
3561:Safety Security Force
3549:constitution of Japan
3510:The aircraft carrier
3509:
3400:
3361:antisubmarine warfare
3210:
3023:London Treaty of 1930
2998:
2844:In 1921, it launched
2826:
2774:naval aviation,. The
2750:
2691:
2545:Kaba-class destroyers
2398:
2286:
2246:Electric Boat Company
2132:, and 1 French-built
2067:
2012:
1983:
1927:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1849:
1745:
1684:, the 1,600 ton
1604:against China in the
1576:
1556:
1535:
1425:
1289:
1221:
1058:
867:Naval Training Center
704:scientific revolution
674:
591:Warring States period
532:
511:
499:
456:American intervention
381:when it was dissolved
8750:Type 4 Rocket "RoSa"
8475:Political dissidence
8324:Occupied territories
8067:General Election Law
7891:Taiwan Army of Japan
6703:Minister of the Navy
6586:Seki, Eiji. (2006).
6531:Red Seal Ships (朱印船)
6228:. Psychology Press.
3835:Yosaburō Takekoshi.
3654:Imperial Way Faction
3547:in 1945. In the new
3518:Sasebo Naval Arsenal
3458:Special Attack Units
3454:battle of Leyte Gulf
3069:were delayed by the
1738:British shipbuilding
1718:, torpedo-boats and
1690:, built at Yokosuka.
1659:, built at Yokosuka.
1200:Minister of the Navy
676:No. 6 Odaiba battery
553:in the 3rd century.
502:Battle of Dan-no-ura
260:Minister of the Navy
161:Ministry of the Navy
8808:61 cm 8th Year Type
8793:53 cm 6th Year Type
8294:Wang Jingwei regime
8204:Potsdam Declaration
8195:Soviet–Japanese War
8150:Anti-Comintern Pact
8145:January 28 incident
8130:London Naval Treaty
8007:Triple Intervention
7836:Supreme War Council
7720:deliberative bodies
6794:First ships of the
6615:Japanese submarines
6430:. Devin-Adair Pub.
6411:Boxer, C.R. (1993)
6009:on 17 November 2019
5961:on 22 December 2014
5935:on 23 December 2014
5465:, pp. 243–244.
5372:Peattie and Evans,
5156:Library of Congress
4905:, pp. 150–151.
3861:. Also in English:
3849:THE FIRST IRONCLADS
3525:Self-Defense Forces
3496:Soviet–Japanese War
3405:-class Battleships
3021:In response to the
2836:, completed in 1922
2796:Gloster Sparrowhawk
2759:fighter to Admiral
2485:northern Micronesia
2418:on the side of the
2345:wireless telegraphy
2179:Nippon Yusen Kaisha
2119:(all British-built)
1943:Triple Intervention
1852:ironclad battleship
1780:Newcastle upon Tyne
1708:Companie du Creusot
1697:: the 726 ton
1627:. He developed the
624:Nanban trade period
580:Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
379:from 1868 to 1945,
178:Navy Blue and White
8716:12.7 cm/40 Type 88
8667:12.7 cm/40 Type 89
8635:Secondary armament
8022:Russo-Japanese War
7992:Two Lords Incident
7647:Imperial Household
6654:2019-11-16 at the
6213:, Excalibur Books
6209:Lyon, D.J. (1976)
5788:, p. 188–189.
5346:Miller, Edward S.
5218:www.j-aircraft.com
3915:Japan Encyclopedia
3867:2019-11-17 at the
3857:2005-11-16 at the
3632:North Korea portal
3618:South Korea portal
3522:
3470:. By August 1945,
3444:The defeat at the
3423:
3221:
3093:and two carriers:
3019:
3017:, Tokyo Bay, 1930s
2838:
2765:
2700:
2698:in the early 1920s
2493:South Seas Mandate
2477:East Asia squadron
2451:Kaiserin Elisabeth
2410:
2305:
2267:, to become hulls
2208:Battle of Tsushima
2204:Russo-Japanese War
2109:
2060:Russo-Japanese War
2023:
1995:
1939:Liaodong Peninsula
1935:Pescadores Islands
1929:(April 17, 1895),
1865:
1756:
1703:, built in France.
1579:
1571:
1551:
1498:protected cruisers
1437:
1324:Ships such as the
1300:
1278:on 27 March 1869.
1266:) commissioned by
1230:
1097:Tokugawa Yoshinobu
1085:
680:
653:Hasekura Tsunenaga
613:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
543:
527:
506:
480:Russo-Japanese War
400:United States Navy
249:Commander-in-chief
220:Russo-Japanese War
210:Invasion of Taiwan
190:" ("Gunkan March")
188:Gunkan kōshinkyoku
166:Navy General Staff
8831:
8830:
8626:12.7 cm/50 Type 3
8483:
8482:
8455:Socialist thought
8403:
8402:
8342:Dutch East Indies
8304:Empire of Vietnam
8222:
8221:
7997:Satsuma Rebellion
7977:Meiji Restoration
7954:
7953:
7764:
7763:
7702:Greater East Asia
7588:Political parties
7543:Foreign relations
7290:
7289:
6761:
6760:
6444:Delorme, Pierre,
5359:Mahan, Alfred T.
4814:, pp. 60–61.
4730:, pp. 58–59.
4090:Jentschura p. 113
3716:with Navy support
3535:Japan Coast Guard
3392:Indian Ocean raid
3356:Mahanian doctrine
3351:
3350:
3264:
3177:second Vinson act
3063:Naval Air Service
2917:Doctrinal debates
2660:were assigned to
2489:League of Nations
2432:Siege of Tsingtao
2330:eight-eight fleet
2255:. The ships were
2191:was built at the
2101:protected cruiser
1559:protected cruiser
1538:protected cruiser
1536:The French-built
1374:Taiwan expedition
1368:proposal made by
1292:ironclad corvette
1239:Satsuma Rebellion
1035:Meiji Restoration
1006:The French-built
964:The screw-driven
797:San Juan Bautista
741:Morrison Incident
476:Sino-Japanese War
472:industrialization
460:Meiji Restoration
427:cultural exchange
317:
316:
8901:
8849:Disbanded navies
8745:Type 93 13mm Gun
8740:Type 96 25mm gun
8706:10 cm/50 Type 88
8652:10 cm/65 Type 98
8611:12 cm/40 Type 41
8606:10 cm/65 Type 98
8549:46 cm/45 Type 94
8518:Second World War
8510:
8503:
8496:
8487:
8486:
8445:Shinmin no Michi
8435:Internment camps
8347:French Indochina
8231:
8230:
8082:Taishō Democracy
7963:
7962:
7886:Japanese holdout
7773:
7772:
7697:Colonial Affairs
7631:
7630:
7558:Yokusan Sonendan
7464:
7456:
7448:
7432:
7431:
7358:Economic history
7317:
7310:
7303:
7294:
7293:
7151:Bitchū-Matsuyama
6800:
6788:
6781:
6774:
6765:
6764:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6662:
6661:
6526:
6507:
6488:
6475:Ballantine Books
6441:
6408:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6356:
6337:
6318:
6296:
6277:
6258:
6239:
6206:
6185:
6137:
6118:
6099:
6071:
6070:
6050:
6044:
6043:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5988:Flightglobal.com
5985:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5957:. Archived from
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5931:. Archived from
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5904:
5898:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5756:
5750:
5744:
5731:
5725:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5701:
5695:
5689:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5635:
5611:
5605:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5489:
5483:
5466:
5460:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5420:
5414:
5403:
5397:
5382:
5376:
5370:
5364:
5357:
5351:
5344:
5338:
5331:
5325:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5289:
5283:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5152:
5144:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5029:. Times of Malta
5022:
5016:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4958:
4952:
4951:Jentschura p. 22
4949:
4943:
4936:
4930:
4929:Jentschura p. 23
4927:
4918:
4912:
4906:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4876:
4870:
4864:
4858:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4764:
4758:
4743:
4737:
4731:
4725:
4719:
4713:
4702:
4696:
4687:
4681:
4670:
4669:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4509:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4411:
4405:
4380:
4374:
4363:
4357:
4346:
4340:
4323:
4317:
4306:
4305:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4223:
4217:
4208:
4202:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4127:
4121:
4112:
4106:
4091:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4067:
4061:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4011:
4010:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3909:
3903:
3846:
3840:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3754:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3381:sinkings of HMS
3258:
3251:
3250:
2999:The battleships
2949:
2948:
2852:aircraft carrier
2834:aircraft carrier
2615:was replaced by
2502:battlecruisers (
2481:Falkland Islands
2401:seaplane carrier
2289:semi-dreadnought
2193:Union Iron Works
2124:armored cruisers
1837:and the cruiser
1804:prismatic powder
1793:armored cruisers
1428:ironclad warship
1360:Korean Peninsula
1270:was launched at
1155:
1144:
1039:Meiji government
1008:ironclad warship
1003:
982:
961:
944:in 1863 and the
836:
812:
788:
769:opening of Japan
442:seclusion policy
438:Age of Discovery
367:
366:
360:
359:
358:
356:
348:
347:
339:
338:
312:List of aircraft
291:
253:Emperor of Japan
115:Navy Air Service
98:
94:
92:
91:
57:
44:
43:
32:
31:
8909:
8908:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8899:
8898:
8854:Empire of Japan
8834:
8833:
8832:
8827:
8759:
8725:
8701:8 cm/40 Type 88
8686:
8647:8 cm/60 Type 98
8630:
8587:
8553:
8520:
8514:
8484:
8479:
8465:Yasukuni Shrine
8399:
8376:
8318:
8272:
8218:
8170:Tripartite Pact
8165:Rape of Nanking
8106:
8092:Tapani incident
8036:
8012:Boxer Rebellion
7970:
7950:
7914:
7905:
7854:
7845:
7780:
7760:
7754:Representatives
7722:
7719:
7718:Legislative and
7711:
7677:Foreign Affairs
7640:
7637:
7622:
7521:
7500:Government Seal
7485:Rising Sun Flag
7468:
7462:
7454:
7446:
7433:
7424:
7326:
7324:Empire of Japan
7321:
7291:
7286:
7224:
7200:
7168:
7144:
7120:
7097:
7074:
7051:
7004:
6973:
6915:
6801:
6798:
6792:
6762:
6757:
6694:
6689:
6656:Wayback Machine
6624:
6594:Global Oriental
6523:
6504:
6485:
6438:
6382:
6380:
6363:
6361:Further reading
6353:
6334:
6315:
6301:Peattie, Mark R
6293:
6274:
6255:
6236:
6134:
6115:
6096:
6080:
6075:
6074:
6067:
6051:
6047:
6040:
6026:
6022:
6012:
6010:
6001:Thach, Marcel.
5999:
5995:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5964:
5962:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5938:
5936:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5913:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5885:
5869:
5865:
5855:
5853:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5838:
5834:
5827:
5811:
5807:
5799:
5792:
5784:
5780:
5773:
5757:
5753:
5745:
5734:
5730:, pp. 490.
5726:
5722:
5714:
5710:
5702:
5698:
5690:
5681:
5673:
5669:
5661:
5657:
5612:
5608:
5600:Parillo, Mark.
5599:
5595:
5587:
5583:
5575:
5571:
5566:
5562:
5554:
5550:
5542:
5538:
5530:
5519:
5511:
5507:
5499:
5492:
5484:
5469:
5461:
5454:
5446:
5442:
5434:
5430:
5421:
5417:
5404:
5400:
5383:
5379:
5371:
5367:
5358:
5354:
5348:War Plan Orange
5345:
5341:
5332:
5328:
5319:
5315:
5307:
5303:
5290:
5286:
5259:
5255:
5247:
5243:
5235:
5231:
5222:
5220:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5199:
5195:
5187:
5176:
5168:
5164:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5133:
5129:
5121:
5117:
5109:
5105:
5097:
5093:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5054:
5046:
5042:
5032:
5030:
5023:
5019:
5011:
5007:
4999:
4995:
4987:
4983:
4975:
4971:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4937:
4933:
4928:
4921:
4913:
4909:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4871:
4867:
4861:Schencking 2005
4859:
4855:
4847:
4843:
4837:Schencking 2005
4835:
4831:
4822:
4818:
4810:
4806:
4798:
4794:
4786:
4782:
4776:Schencking 2005
4774:
4767:
4759:
4746:
4738:
4734:
4726:
4722:
4714:
4705:
4699:Schencking 2005
4697:
4690:
4684:Schencking 2005
4682:
4673:
4666:
4650:
4646:
4639:
4623:
4619:
4613:Schencking 2005
4611:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4580:
4572:
4568:
4560:
4551:
4543:
4539:
4533:Schencking 2005
4531:
4527:
4519:
4512:
4497:
4493:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4449:
4445:
4437:
4433:
4425:
4414:
4406:
4383:
4377:Schencking 2005
4375:
4366:
4360:Schencking 2005
4358:
4349:
4343:Schencking 2005
4341:
4326:
4320:Schencking 2005
4318:
4309:
4302:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4259:
4255:
4247:
4243:
4235:
4226:
4220:Schencking 2005
4218:
4211:
4205:Schencking 2005
4203:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4178:Schencking 2005
4176:
4165:
4157:
4153:
4145:
4130:
4124:Schencking 2005
4122:
4115:
4109:Schencking 2005
4107:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4079:Schencking 2005
4077:
4070:
4064:Schencking 2005
4062:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4033:
4014:
4007:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3910:
3906:
3869:Wayback Machine
3859:Wayback Machine
3847:
3843:
3839:. 1967. p. 344.
3834:
3830:
3822:
3813:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3710:May 15 Incident
3650:Control Faction
3630:
3625:
3623:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3537:
3529:Main articles:
3527:
3504:
3431:Midway Campaign
3383:Prince of Wales
3365:escort carriers
3259:(1937–1945, in
3257:
3249:
3243:
3227:
3205:
3199:
3091:-class cruisers
2993:
2962:Alfred T. Mahan
2924:the Netherlands
2919:
2910:Type 93 torpedo
2821:
2784:Royal Air Force
2776:Sempill Mission
2771:
2769:Sempill Mission
2761:Tōgō Heihachirō
2745:
2718:
2710:Main articles:
2708:
2692:The battleship
2686:
2607:, and ports in
2541:flotilla leader
2428:Austria-Hungary
2393:
2385:Main articles:
2383:
2281:
2261:Arthur L. Busch
2073:pre-dreadnought
2062:
2056:
2040:"Six-Six Fleet"
2003:Yamamoto Gombei
1978:
1972:
1961:Boxer Rebellion
1957:
1955:Boxer Rebellion
1951:
1822:
1816:
1770:, built at the
1740:
1606:Sino-French War
1530:
1442:
1420:
1414:
1356:
1284:
1216:
1183:Ministry of War
1178:
1162:Republic of Ezo
1153:
1142:
1053:
1047:
1031:
1024:
1004:
995:
983:
974:
962:
877:Enomoto Takeaki
856:
849:
841:sailing frigate
837:
828:
813:
804:
789:
719:Napoleonic wars
669:
661:Southeast Asian
626:. In 1613, the
535:Yamada Nagamasa
533:The warship of
512:A 16th-century
494:
488:
419:Asian continent
377:Empire of Japan
354:
351:
350:
320:
239:
170:
124:
89:
87:
62:
45:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8907:
8897:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8769:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8736:
8734:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8697:
8695:
8688:
8687:
8685:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8638:
8636:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8602:
8600:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8564:
8562:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8535:
8533:
8522:
8521:
8513:
8512:
8505:
8498:
8490:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8411:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8384:
8382:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8328:
8326:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8316:
8311:
8309:State of Burma
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8237:
8235:
8228:
8224:
8223:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8211:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8135:Musha Incident
8132:
8127:
8125:Jinan incident
8122:
8116:
8114:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8046:
8044:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7982:Beipu uprising
7979:
7973:
7971:
7966:
7960:
7956:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7948:
7946:Treaty Faction
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7917:
7915:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7876:Imperial Guard
7873:
7868:
7863:
7857:
7855:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7794:
7783:
7781:
7776:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7756:
7751:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7725:
7723:
7716:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7643:
7641:
7636:Administration
7634:
7628:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7529:
7527:
7523:
7522:
7520:
7519:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7474:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7466:
7458:
7450:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7434:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7401:
7400:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7327:
7320:
7319:
7312:
7305:
7297:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7276:
7269:(Transports):
7266:
7265:
7257:
7249:
7241:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7215:(Transports):
7212:
7210:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7190:
7183:(Transports):
7180:
7178:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7159:(Transports):
7156:
7154:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7135:(Transports):
7132:
7130:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7118:
7109:
7107:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7086:
7084:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7063:
7061:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7041:
7033:
7025:
7016:
7014:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6994:
6985:
6983:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6964:(Transports):
6961:
6960:
6952:
6944:
6936:
6927:
6925:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6913:
6905:
6897:
6889:
6881:
6873:
6865:
6857:
6849:
6842:(Transports):
6839:
6838:
6830:
6822:
6813:
6811:
6803:
6802:
6791:
6790:
6783:
6776:
6768:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6688:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6646:
6641:
6635:
6630:
6623:
6622:External links
6620:
6619:
6618:
6612:
6605:
6602:978-1905246281
6584:
6574:978-4573062108
6559:
6542:
6527:
6521:
6508:
6503:978-1615775811
6502:
6489:
6483:
6467:Hara, Tameichi
6463:
6449:
6442:
6436:
6423:
6409:
6388:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6352:978-1472801463
6351:
6338:
6332:
6319:
6314:978-1612514369
6313:
6297:
6292:978-1848321175
6291:
6278:
6272:
6259:
6253:
6240:
6234:
6221:
6207:
6197:(4): 289–302.
6186:
6176:(3): 185–196.
6165:
6152:
6138:
6132:
6119:
6113:
6100:
6095:978-1612512907
6094:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6065:
6045:
6038:
6020:
5993:
5972:
5946:
5920:
5899:
5890:
5884:978-0824825317
5883:
5863:
5841:
5832:
5826:978-1557503947
5825:
5805:
5803:, p. 492.
5790:
5778:
5772:978-1850655381
5771:
5751:
5749:, p. 491.
5732:
5720:
5718:, p. 172.
5708:
5706:, p. 169.
5696:
5694:, p. 489.
5679:
5667:
5665:, p. 488.
5655:
5626:(3): 390–406.
5606:
5593:
5591:, p. 371.
5581:
5569:
5560:
5548:
5536:
5534:, p. 340.
5517:
5515:, p. 341.
5505:
5503:, p. 358.
5490:
5488:, p. 357.
5467:
5452:
5450:, p. 239.
5440:
5438:, p. 238.
5428:
5415:
5398:
5377:
5365:
5352:
5339:
5326:
5313:
5310:Fighting Ships
5301:
5284:
5253:
5251:, p. 248.
5241:
5239:, p. 181.
5229:
5205:
5193:
5191:, p. 301.
5174:
5162:
5139:
5137:, p. 197.
5127:
5125:, p. 195.
5115:
5103:
5101:, p. 193.
5091:
5089:, p. 194.
5076:
5064:
5062:, p. 191.
5052:
5040:
5017:
5015:, p. 169.
5005:
5003:, p. 161.
4993:
4991:, p. 168.
4981:
4969:
4953:
4944:
4931:
4919:
4907:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4875:, p. 177.
4865:
4863:, p. 122.
4853:
4851:, p. 116.
4841:
4839:, p. 108.
4829:
4816:
4804:
4792:
4780:
4765:
4744:
4732:
4720:
4703:
4688:
4671:
4665:978-0415700238
4664:
4644:
4638:978-1576073445
4637:
4617:
4605:
4593:
4578:
4566:
4549:
4537:
4525:
4510:
4507:978-1844860302
4491:
4489:, p. 354.
4479:
4470:
4464:978-0674024427
4463:
4443:
4431:
4429:, p. 250.
4412:
4381:
4364:
4347:
4324:
4307:
4301:978-1931907309
4300:
4280:
4274:978-0415156189
4273:
4253:
4251:, p. 133.
4241:
4224:
4209:
4194:
4182:
4163:
4161:, p. 100.
4151:
4128:
4113:
4092:
4083:
4068:
4051:
4049:, p. 246.
4039:
4012:
4006:978-0804820974
4005:
3985:
3979:978-0521479585
3978:
3958:
3952:978-0226467658
3951:
3931:
3925:978-0674017535
3924:
3904:
3841:
3828:
3811:
3799:
3793:978-1855321311
3792:
3773:
3764:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3729:"Strike North"
3725:"Strike South"
3722:
3717:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3664:Treaty Faction
3657:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3621:
3607:
3593:
3577:
3574:
3568:(JSDF) as the
3526:
3523:
3520:, October 1946
3503:
3500:
3488:South Sakhalin
3484:Naval Infantry
3446:Philippine Sea
3349:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3245:Main article:
3242:
3239:
3223:Main article:
3204:
3201:
3043:"Circle plans"
2992:
2989:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2881:
2855:
2820:
2817:
2767:Main article:
2744:
2741:
2707:
2704:
2685:
2682:
2664:escort in the
2470:Maurice Farman
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2364:
2348:
2326:Satō Tetsutarō
2280:
2277:
2199:, California.
2161:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2120:
2058:Main article:
2055:
2052:
1974:Main article:
1971:
1968:
1953:Main article:
1950:
1947:
1870:Fifth Division
1818:Main article:
1815:
1812:
1808:Shimose powder
1739:
1736:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1691:
1678:
1663:
1660:
1610:Kaikoku Nippon
1577:The Unebi 1886
1529:
1526:
1450:Iwakura Tomomi
1448:in July 1882,
1441:
1438:
1416:Main article:
1413:
1410:
1370:Saigō Takamori
1355:
1352:
1283:
1280:
1262:(soon renamed
1235:Saga Rebellion
1215:
1212:
1177:
1174:
1065:paddle steamer
1049:Main article:
1046:
1043:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1005:
998:
996:
984:
977:
975:
966:steam corvette
963:
956:
855:
852:
851:
850:
838:
831:
829:
814:
807:
805:
790:
783:
668:
665:
657:Red seal ships
597:warships when
490:Main article:
487:
484:
408:Western Allies
318:
315:
314:
308:
307:
306:Aircraft flown
303:
302:
297:
293:
292:
285:
281:
280:
276:
275:
272:
266:
265:
262:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
241:
240:
238:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
206:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
169:
168:
163:
158:
152:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
123:
122:
117:
112:
110:Combined Fleet
106:
104:
100:
99:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
50:
49:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8906:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8818:61 cm Type 93
8816:
8814:
8813:61 cm Type 90
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8803:53 cm Type 95
8801:
8799:
8798:53 cm Type 92
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8788:45 cm Type 97
8786:
8784:
8783:45 cm Type 91
8781:
8779:
8778:53 cm Type 89
8776:
8774:
8773:53 cm Type 44
8771:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8762:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8731:Anti-aircraft
8728:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8689:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8599:main armament
8598:
8594:
8590:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8561:main armament
8560:
8556:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8532:main armament
8531:
8530:battlecruiser
8527:
8523:
8519:
8511:
8506:
8504:
8499:
8497:
8492:
8491:
8488:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8420:Fukoku kyōhei
8418:
8416:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8406:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8389:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8379:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8277:Puppet states
8275:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8232:
8229:
8225:
8215:
8212:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8117:
8115:
8113:
8109:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8039:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7964:
7961:
7957:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7941:Fleet Faction
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7921:General Staff
7919:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7908:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7861:General Staff
7859:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7815:
7814:military code
7813:
7809:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7802:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7774:
7771:
7767:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7744:Imperial Diet
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7734:Privy Council
7732:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7714:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7652:Home Ministry
7650:
7648:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7632:
7629:
7625:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7524:
7518:
7515:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7495:Imperial Seal
7493:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7480:Flag of Japan
7478:
7477:
7475:
7471:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7451:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7318:
7313:
7311:
7306:
7304:
7299:
7298:
7295:
7282:
7281:
7280:Karafuto Maru
7277:
7274:
7273:
7268:
7267:
7263:
7262:
7258:
7255:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7227:
7220:
7219:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7203:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7171:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7147:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7123:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7100:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7077:
7070:
7069:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7054:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7023:
7022:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7007:
7000:
6999:
6995:
6992:
6991:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6976:
6969:
6968:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6918:
6911:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6840:
6836:
6835:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6804:
6797:
6789:
6784:
6782:
6777:
6775:
6770:
6769:
6766:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6728:Warship Units
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6708:General Staff
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6686:
6681:
6679:
6674:
6672:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6657:
6653:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6606:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6514:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6495:
6490:
6486:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6433:
6429:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6389:
6379:on 2019-05-27
6378:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6365:
6364:
6354:
6348:
6344:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6325:
6320:
6316:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6288:
6284:
6279:
6275:
6269:
6265:
6260:
6256:
6250:
6247:. Routledge.
6246:
6241:
6237:
6231:
6227:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6129:
6125:
6120:
6116:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6097:
6091:
6087:
6082:
6081:
6068:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6049:
6041:
6035:
6031:
6024:
6008:
6004:
5997:
5989:
5982:
5976:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5934:
5930:
5924:
5909:
5903:
5894:
5886:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5867:
5852:(in Japanese)
5851:
5845:
5836:
5828:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5809:
5802:
5797:
5795:
5787:
5782:
5774:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5755:
5748:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5729:
5724:
5717:
5712:
5705:
5700:
5693:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5676:
5671:
5664:
5659:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5597:
5590:
5585:
5579:, p. 13.
5578:
5573:
5564:
5557:
5552:
5545:
5540:
5533:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5514:
5509:
5502:
5497:
5495:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5464:
5459:
5457:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5419:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5362:
5356:
5349:
5343:
5336:
5330:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5281:
5280:General Wolfe
5277:
5273:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5257:
5250:
5245:
5238:
5233:
5219:
5215:
5214:"Sparrowhawk"
5209:
5203:, p. 19.
5202:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5172:, p. 17.
5171:
5166:
5158:
5157:
5149:
5143:
5136:
5131:
5124:
5119:
5112:
5107:
5100:
5095:
5088:
5083:
5081:
5074:, p. 12.
5073:
5068:
5061:
5056:
5049:
5044:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5009:
5002:
4997:
4990:
4985:
4978:
4973:
4966:
4965:
4957:
4948:
4941:
4935:
4926:
4924:
4917:, p. 84.
4916:
4911:
4904:
4899:
4890:
4881:
4874:
4869:
4862:
4857:
4850:
4845:
4838:
4833:
4826:
4820:
4813:
4808:
4802:, p. 52.
4801:
4796:
4790:, p. 65.
4789:
4784:
4778:, p. 88.
4777:
4772:
4770:
4763:, p. 60.
4762:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4742:, p. 59.
4741:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4718:, p. 58.
4717:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4701:, p. 87.
4700:
4695:
4693:
4686:, p. 84.
4685:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4667:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4621:
4615:, p. 83.
4614:
4609:
4603:, p. 48.
4602:
4597:
4591:, p. 46.
4590:
4585:
4583:
4576:, p. 42.
4575:
4570:
4564:, p. 41.
4563:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4547:, p. 40.
4546:
4541:
4535:, p. 81.
4534:
4529:
4523:, p. 38.
4522:
4517:
4515:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4495:
4488:
4483:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4447:
4441:, p. 19.
4440:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4410:, p. 14.
4409:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4379:, p. 35.
4378:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4362:, p. 34.
4361:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4345:, p. 27.
4344:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4322:, p. 26.
4321:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4257:
4250:
4249:Sondhaus 2001
4245:
4239:, p. 12.
4238:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4222:, p. 18.
4221:
4216:
4214:
4207:, p. 19.
4206:
4201:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4180:, p. 12.
4179:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4160:
4159:Sondhaus 2001
4155:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4126:, p. 11.
4125:
4120:
4118:
4111:, p. 13.
4110:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4087:
4081:, p. 16.
4080:
4075:
4073:
4066:, p. 15.
4065:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4048:
4043:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4008:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3908:
3901:
3900:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3851:In Japanese:
3850:
3845:
3838:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3808:
3803:
3795:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3771:Evans, Kaigun
3768:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3660:Fleet Faction
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3622:
3619:
3608:
3605:
3604:Taiwan portal
3594:
3591:
3580:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3559:In 1952, the
3557:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3532:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3508:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3187:Circle Four's
3184:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3080:In 1934, the
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2953:Kantai kessen
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2899:torpedo tubes
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:Fleet Air Arm
2788:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2533:special force
2530:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:Japan entered
2407:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:theoretician
2323:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2310:battlecruiser
2302:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2197:San Francisco
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2158:
2157:torpedo boats
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1976:Six-six fleet
1967:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:Beiyang Fleet
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1862:
1861:Beiyang Fleet
1858:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1591:torpedo boats
1588:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1465:Meiji emperor
1460:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:Thomas Glover
1265:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1254:Rikushu Kaijū
1251:
1247:
1246:Shusei Kokubō
1242:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1222:The ironclad
1220:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1176:Consolidation
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:Battle of Awa
1090:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1002:
997:
993:
992:
988:
981:
976:
972:
971:
967:
960:
955:
954:
953:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:at Nagasaki.
868:
864:
863:
847:
846:
842:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:Red Seal Ship
811:
806:
803:
799:
798:
794:
787:
782:
781:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
730:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:
691:
687:
686:
677:
673:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:
640:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
574:the coast of
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
540:
536:
531:
525:
524:Tokugawa clan
521:
517:
516:
510:
503:
498:
493:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:modernization
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:
443:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
423:feudal period
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:Nippon Kaigun
361:
357:
342:
333:
329:
325:
319:Military unit
313:
309:
304:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
261:
257:
254:
251:
247:
242:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
205:
201:
197:
195:Anniversaries
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
151:
147:
144:
143:Naval warfare
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
107:
105:
101:
97:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
51:
48:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
8408:Other topics
8244:
8087:Taishō Roman
7911:
7841:Conscription
7811:
7803:
7778:Armed Forces
7638:(ministries)
7538:Charter Oath
7533:Constitution
7415:State Shinto
7398:Essentialism
7348:Demographics
7279:
7271:
7260:
7252:
7244:
7236:
7217:
7193:
7185:
7161:
7137:
7113:
7090:
7067:
7044:
7036:
7028:
7020:
6997:
6989:
6966:
6955:
6947:
6939:
6931:
6908:
6900:
6892:
6884:
6876:
6868:
6860:
6853:Shōkaku Maru
6852:
6844:
6833:
6825:
6817:
6795:
6691:
6614:
6608:
6588:
6565:
6552:
6548:
6530:
6512:
6493:
6470:
6452:
6445:
6427:
6412:
6399:(1): 46–68.
6396:
6392:
6381:. Retrieved
6377:the original
6372:
6369:
6342:
6323:
6304:
6282:
6263:
6244:
6225:
6210:
6194:
6190:
6173:
6169:
6155:
6141:
6123:
6104:
6085:
6055:
6048:
6029:
6023:
6011:. Retrieved
6007:the original
5996:
5975:
5963:. Retrieved
5959:the original
5949:
5937:. Retrieved
5933:the original
5923:
5912:. Retrieved
5902:
5893:
5873:
5866:
5854:. Retrieved
5844:
5835:
5815:
5808:
5786:Peattie 2007
5781:
5761:
5754:
5723:
5716:Peattie 2007
5711:
5704:Peattie 2007
5699:
5677:, p. 9.
5670:
5658:
5623:
5619:
5609:
5601:
5596:
5584:
5572:
5567:Howe, p. 286
5563:
5551:
5539:
5508:
5443:
5431:
5423:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5380:
5373:
5368:
5360:
5355:
5347:
5342:
5334:
5329:
5321:
5316:
5309:
5304:
5296:
5292:
5287:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5256:
5244:
5232:
5221:. Retrieved
5217:
5208:
5201:Peattie 2007
5196:
5170:Peattie 2007
5165:
5154:
5142:
5130:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5094:
5067:
5055:
5043:
5031:. Retrieved
5020:
5008:
4996:
4984:
4979:, p. 9.
4977:Peattie 2007
4972:
4963:
4956:
4947:
4939:
4934:
4910:
4898:
4893:Howe, p. 268
4889:
4884:Howe, p. 284
4880:
4868:
4856:
4844:
4832:
4824:
4819:
4807:
4795:
4783:
4735:
4723:
4654:
4647:
4627:
4620:
4608:
4596:
4569:
4540:
4528:
4498:
4494:
4482:
4477:Howe, p. 281
4473:
4453:
4446:
4434:
4290:
4283:
4263:
4256:
4244:
4192:, p. 9.
4185:
4154:
4149:, p. 7.
4086:
4042:
4037:, p. 5.
3995:
3988:
3968:
3961:
3941:
3934:
3914:
3907:
3898:
3881:Turtle ships
3875:Oda Nobunaga
3872:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3826:, p. 4.
3809:, p. 3.
3802:
3782:
3776:
3767:
3752:
3735:
3713:
3590:Japan portal
3558:
3538:
3511:
3494:campaign in
3492:Kuil Islands
3482:
3478:capital ship
3471:
3461:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3424:
3412:
3406:
3402:
3386:
3382:
3374:
3352:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3254:
3241:World War II
3235:
3231:
3228:
3215:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3173:Circle Three
3172:
3170:
3165:Circle Three
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3137:Circle Three
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3114:Circle three
3113:
3108:Circle Three
3106:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3079:
3075:Fourth fleet
3066:
3053:
3047:
3042:
3039:circle plans
3038:
3035:maru keikaku
3034:
3030:
3027:hoju keikaku
3026:
3020:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2991:Circle Plans
2985:
2981:
2973:
2966:
2951:
2943:
2935:militaristic
2931:World War II
2928:years before
2920:
2894:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2859:
2846:
2839:
2828:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2789:
2772:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2701:
2693:
2666:Indian Ocean
2656:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2536:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2474:
2466:Jiaozhou Bay
2456:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2436:Jiaozhou Bay
2411:
2404:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2303:" battleship
2295:
2272:
2268:
2251:
2243:
2232:
2211:
2201:
2187:
2177:, built for
2174:
2165:
2162:
2134:
2128:
2110:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2075:battleships
2044:
2039:
2024:
2017:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1965:
1958:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1884:
1866:
1854:
1850:The Chinese
1839:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1797:
1787:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1750:
1748:torpedo boat
1731:
1727:
1724:
1713:
1699:
1686:
1673:
1667:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1628:
1617:Émile Bertin
1614:
1609:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1561:
1540:
1520:
1514:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1446:Imo Incident
1443:
1431:
1405:
1403:
1393:
1386:
1363:
1357:
1344:Ishikawajima
1338:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1243:
1231:
1223:
1209:
1205:
1196:Katsu Kaishū
1179:
1169:
1150:
1139:
1137:
1109:
1105:in the North
1086:
1079:
1069:
1032:
1016:
1011:
990:
969:
950:
948:in 1863–64.
911:
899:Léonce Verny
889:
871:
861:
857:
844:
796:
754:
738:
728:
716:
693:
683:
681:
647:, a 500-ton
643:
627:
621:
602:
599:Oda Nobunaga
588:
565:
562:Kubilai Khan
555:
551:Kofun period
544:
513:
445:
416:
393:
368:
349:
327:
323:
321:
235:World War II
149:Part of
46:
29:
8450:Shōwa Modan
8425:Hakkō ichiu
8362:Philippines
8249:after 1943)
8227:Territories
8185:Pacific War
8050:World War I
7926:Air Service
7866:Air Service
7739:Gozen Kaigi
7455:(Yoshihito)
7447:(Mutsuhito)
7393:Nationalism
7338:Agriculture
7218:Kōsoku Maru
7114:Yōshun Maru
7045:Denryū Maru
6940:Teibō No. 2
6932:Teibō No. 1
6909:Chōgei Maru
6893:Risshō Maru
6877:Kanrin Maru
6826:Chiyodagata
5965:25 December
5939:25 December
5675:Stille 2014
5589:Stille 2014
5577:Stille 2014
5072:Stille 2014
3714:coup d'état
3419:Truk Lagoon
3182:Circle Four
3067:Circle plan
2977:Pacific War
2757:Sparrowhawk
2416:World War I
2360:Dreadnought
2301:all-big-gun
2224:Vladivostok
2117:battleships
2069:Port Arthur
1906:during the
1875:Shanhaiguan
1784:Clyde-built
1650:Itsukushima
1602:French Navy
1583:Jeune École
1510:battleships
1259:Jo Sho Maru
1185:and of the
1101:fall of Edo
970:Kanrin Maru
890:Kanrin Maru
845:Shōhei Maru
767:led to the
708:cartography
436:during the
412:Pacific War
225:World War I
203:Engagements
8838:Categories
8526:Battleship
8214:Occupation
8042:Taishō era
7987:Boshin War
7831:War crimes
7627:Government
7603:Tonarigumi
7510:Privy Seal
7505:State Seal
7463:(Hirohito)
7388:Militarism
7343:Censorship
7272:Tōkyō Maru
7186:Ōsaka Maru
7162:Kaifū Maru
7138:Hijun Maru
7091:Izumi Maru
7037:Ennen Maru
6901:Kaiun Maru
6869:Hiryō Maru
6861:Kankō Maru
6845:Chōyō Maru
6541:(Japanese)
6539:4642066594
6522:0870213113
6484:0345278941
6461:0785814132
6437:081595302X
6421:1857540352
6383:2019-05-27
6333:0804749779
6273:087021893X
6254:0415214777
6235:1873410611
6219:0856132209
6163:0004709977
6150:0226354857
6133:0870211927
6114:1557500150
6078:References
6066:0415356407
6039:0804705259
5914:2014-08-03
5308:Westwood,
5276:Lord Clive
5270:Lord Clive
5223:2019-05-09
3893:Yi Sun-sin
3891:. Admiral
3889:0804705259
3417:moored in
3347:3,200,000
3083:Circle Two
3048:Circle One
2755:showing a
2674:Suez Canal
2422:, against
2292:battleship
2220:Sevastopol
2183:Mitsubishi
2150:destroyers
1900:Yalu River
1644:Matsushima
1542:Matsushima
1444:After the
1380:after the
1264:Ryūjō Maru
1118:, Chōshū,
1089:Boshin War
1051:Boshin War
1045:Boshin War
938:Royal Navy
862:Kankō Maru
802:Ishinomaki
759:, entered
725:involving
609:Oatakebune
572:plundering
541:(Thailand)
452:Edo period
444:under the
396:Royal Navy
383:following
244:Commanders
8765:Torpedoes
8692:Submarine
8593:Destroyer
8415:Sonnō jōi
8367:Singapore
8352:Hong Kong
8314:Azad Hind
8289:Mengjiang
8284:Manchukuo
8258:Kantō-shū
8200:Surrender
8112:Shōwa era
8097:Truku War
7968:Meiji era
7936:Tokkeitai
7901:Kempeitai
7812:Senjinkun
7729:Daijō-kan
7692:Munitions
7573:Mokusatsu
7363:Education
6967:Kayō Maru
6733:Air Units
6405:0043-0374
6203:0043-0374
6182:0043-0374
5856:April 21,
5850:"第１２航空艦隊"
5650:252472562
5642:0268-4527
5274:, namely
5262:HMS
4962:SMS
4487:Sims 1998
4427:Sims 1998
4047:Sims 1998
3736:Tokkeitai
3731:Doctrines
3572:(JMSDF).
3553:Article 9
3545:dissolved
3427:Coral Sea
3421:, in 1943
3369:submarine
3153:Kirishima
3002:Yamashiro
2958:attrition
2891:destroyer
2670:Singapore
2601:Marseille
2521:Kirishima
2358:HMS
2250:USS
2228:Kronstadt
2216:East Asia
2206:. At the
2036:AP shells
2001:In 1895,
1912:Weihaiwei
1895:Weihaiwei
1887:of Pungdo
1774:works in
1772:Armstrong
1716:torpedoes
1656:Hashidate
1635:Canet gun
1630:Sankeikan
1563:Hashidate
1521:Chen-Yüan
1515:Ting Yüan
1502:arms race
1489:Takachiho
1470:daijō-kan
1455:daijō-kan
1365:Seikanron
1311:Saga fief
1192:Bakumatsu
1132:Hiroshima
1112:Osaka Bay
1017:Stonewall
827:(Vietnam)
745:Opium War
727:HMS
644:Date Maru
539:Ayutthaya
515:atakebune
341:Shinjitai
75:Disbanded
8597:Kaibōkan
8393:Yen bloc
8381:Ideology
8372:Thailand
8241:Karafuto
8234:Colonies
7826:Kamikaze
7769:Military
7672:Treasury
7526:Policies
7517:Kimigayo
7438:Emperors
7405:Politics
7373:Eugenics
7331:Overview
7194:Kōkyōsen
7058:Kumamoto
6885:Hōō Maru
6834:Fujiyama
6808:Shogunal
6743:Aircraft
6713:Admirals
6652:Archived
6604:(cloth)
6592:London:
6582:50875162
6556:Hachette
6469:(1961).
6303:(2007).
5407:op. cit.
5386:op. cit.
5384:Miller,
4964:Radetzky
4823:Corbett
3865:Archived
3855:Archived
3576:See also
3463:kamikaze
3385:and HMS
3344:550,000
3341:1942–45
3336:130,000
3333:180,000
3071:Tomozuru
3059:cruisers
2873:(in the
2805:and HMS
2751:Captain
2672:and the
2668:between
2556:Kusunoki
2446:Wakamiya
2441:Wakamiya
2405:Wakamiya
2322:navalist
2271:through
2235:uprising
2233:Potemkin
2175:Aki-Maru
2143:cruisers
2099:and the
2090:Retvizan
2078:Peresvet
2032:KC armor
1933:and the
1920:Zhenyuan
1916:Dingyuan
1856:Zhenyuan
1752:Hayabusa
1732:en route
1700:Chishima
1587:cruisers
1568:Yokosuka
1348:Kawasaki
1276:Scotland
1272:Aberdeen
1158:Hokkaidō
1128:Kumamoto
1077:warship
1075:ironclad
1067:warship
1021:ironclad
1015:(ex-CSS
907:Nagasaki
903:Yokosuka
821:Nagasaki
690:Nagasaki
641:, built
636:Tokugawa
595:ironclad
478:and the
431:European
398:and the
332:Kyūjitai
279:Insignia
274:See list
264:See list
8733:weapons
8559:Cruiser
7959:History
7931:Marines
7568:Kokutai
7473:Symbols
7453:Taishō
7410:Statism
7353:Economy
7261:Kawachi
7253:Musashi
7237:Tsukuba
7205:Former
7173:Former
7149:Former
7127:Morioka
7125:Former
7102:Former
7079:Former
7056:Former
7021:Nisshin
7009:Former
6980:Satsuma
6978:Former
6920:Former
6818:Kōtetsu
6806:Former
6753:Battles
6748:Weapons
6551:Tokyo:
6013:19 July
5264:Furious
4942:, p. 68
4938:Jane's
4827:, 2:333
3414:Musashi
3387:Repulse
3325:50,000
3322:50,000
3314:70,000
3311:35,000
3303:80,000
3300:40,000
3292:75,000
3289:45,000
3131:Shōkaku
3125:Musashi
2903:turrets
2778:led by
2753:Sempill
2640:Nisshin
2605:Taranto
2574:Kashiwa
2568:Katsura
2468:. Four
2464:. from
2462:Qingdao
2424:Germany
2420:Entente
2373:Kawachi
2368:Satsuma
2353:Satsuma
2341:Marconi
2296:Satsuma
2257:Holland
2252:Holland
2188:Chitose
2181:by the
2171:Vickers
2105:Pallada
2084:Poltava
1891:the war
1879:Tianjin
1859:of the
1834:Yashima
1788:Chiyoda
1776:Elswick
1767:Yoshino
1682:frigate
1674:Yaeyama
1668:Chiyoda
1549:in 1894
1170:Kotetsu
1120:Satsuma
1080:Kōtetsu
1012:Kōtetsu
991:Chiyoda
987:gunboat
918:Satsuma
914:domains
881:Tsukiji
873:Samurai
793:galleon
761:Edo Bay
729:Phaeton
695:rangaku
663:trade.
649:galleon
522:of the
504:in 1185
486:Origins
464:Emperor
450:of the
410:in the
375:of the
346:大日本帝国海軍
337:大日本帝國海軍
284:Roundel
120:Marines
83:Country
67:Founded
42:大日本帝國海軍
8823:Kaiten
8357:Malaya
8332:Borneo
8268:Taiwan
8263:Nan'yō
8253:Chōsen
8246:naichi
7461:Shōwa
7445:Meiji
7420:Kazoku
7368:System
7245:Settsu
7175:Kokura
7029:Mōshun
6990:Kasuga
6922:Chōshū
6723:Fleets
6600:
6580:
6572:
6537:
6519:
6500:
6481:
6459:
6434:
6419:
6403:
6349:
6330:
6311:
6289:
6270:
6251:
6232:
6217:
6201:
6180:
6161:
6148:
6130:
6111:
6092:
6063:
6036:
5881:
5823:
5769:
5648:
5640:
5390:Yardly
5374:Kaigun
5335:Kaigun
5297:Fubuki
5033:25 May
4662:
4635:
4505:
4461:
4298:
4271:
4003:
3976:
3949:
3922:
3899:Gloire
3887:
3790:
3541:Allies
3502:Legacy
3473:Nagato
3408:Yamato
3403:Yamato
3194:-class
3192:Yamato
3157:Mogami
3151:, and
3149:Haruna
3133:-class
3119:Yamato
3056:-class
3054:Mogami
3014:Haruna
2895:Fubuki
2888:-class
2886:Fubuki
2876:Yamato
2866:Nagato
2807:Hermes
2763:, 1921
2695:Nagato
2662:convoy
2645:Sakaki
2635:Yanagi
2633:, and
2627:Hinoki
2613:Akashi
2592:Sakaki
2589:, and
2537:Akashi
2518:, and
2515:Haruna
2500:-class
2457:Jaguar
2212:Mikasa
2166:Mikasa
2129:Yakumo
2096:Pobeda
2028:Harvey
2019:Katori
1990:Mikasa
1931:Taiwan
1908:battle
1840:Akashi
1761:Kotaka
1625:Sasebo
1483:Naniwa
1362:, the
1151:shōgun
1147:Honshū
1140:shōgun
1124:Kurume
1070:Kasuga
1023:, 1869
922:Chōshū
712:optics
700:Dejima
685:sakoku
639:Bakufu
632:Sendai
628:daimyō
604:daimyō
584:Ningbo
447:shōgun
434:powers
387:. The
198:27 May
175:Colors
103:Branch
93:
8337:Burma
8055:Entry
7749:Peers
7613:Senbu
7598:Tokkō
7207:Sunpu
7104:Akita
7068:Ryūjō
6998:Kenkō
6956:Hōshō
6948:Un'yō
6738:Ships
6718:Ranks
6562:Polak
6545:Polak
5984:(PDF)
5646:S2CID
5426:p. 35
5422:Lyon
5324:p. 34
5320:Lyon
5272:class
5151:(PDF)
3744:Notes
3513:Ibuki
3330:1941
3319:1940
3308:1939
3297:1938
3286:1937
3217:Akagi
3145:Kongō
3102:Hiryū
3096:Sōryū
2878:class
2860:Kongō
2847:Hōshō
2829:Hōshō
2812:Hōshō
2803:Argus
2732:Mutsu
2657:Azuma
2623:Kashi
2618:Izumo
2609:Egypt
2597:Malta
2580:Matsu
2562:Kaede
2504:Kongō
2498:Kongō
2314:Kongō
2135:Azuma
1728:Unebi
1720:mines
1695:aviso
1687:Takao
1598:Meiji
1506:China
1494:Krupp
1432:Ryūjō
1406:Seiki
1394:Un'yō
1333:Kongō
1315:Ryūjō
1296:Kongō
1154:'
1143:'
926:Hizen
885:Tokyo
825:Annam
800:, in
576:China
547:Korea
520:crest
429:with
296:Ranks
183:March
96:Japan
8694:guns
8595:and
8528:and
7667:Navy
7662:Army
7209:Navy
7177:Navy
7153:Navy
7129:Navy
7106:Navy
7083:Navy
7081:Tosa
7060:Navy
7013:Navy
7011:Saga
6982:Navy
6943:第二丁卯
6935:第一丁卯
6924:Navy
6829:千代田形
6810:Navy
6640:page
6598:ISBN
6578:OCLC
6570:ISBN
6535:ISBN
6517:ISBN
6498:ISBN
6479:ISBN
6457:ISBN
6432:ISBN
6417:ISBN
6401:ISSN
6397:XXIV
6347:ISBN
6328:ISBN
6309:ISBN
6287:ISBN
6268:ISBN
6249:ISBN
6230:ISBN
6215:ISBN
6199:ISSN
6195:LVII
6178:ISSN
6174:LVII
6159:ISBN
6146:ISBN
6128:ISBN
6109:ISBN
6090:ISBN
6061:ISBN
6034:ISBN
6015:2008
5967:2014
5941:2014
5879:ISBN
5858:2024
5821:ISBN
5767:ISBN
5638:ISSN
5278:and
5035:2015
4660:ISBN
4633:ISBN
4503:ISBN
4459:ISBN
4296:ISBN
4269:ISBN
4001:ISBN
3974:ISBN
3947:ISBN
3920:ISBN
3885:ISBN
3788:ISBN
3727:and
3662:and
3652:and
3533:and
3490:and
3411:and
3401:The
3270:Year
3161:Tone
3141:Hiei
3122:and
3099:and
3089:Tone
3008:Fusō
3005:and
2947:艦隊決戦
2714:and
2631:Momo
2586:Sugi
2509:Hiei
2460:off
2426:and
2399:The
2389:and
2287:The
2269:No.1
2226:and
2030:and
2013:The
1984:The
1918:and
1877:and
1831:and
1828:Fuji
1746:The
1647:and
1623:and
1621:Kure
1596:The
1589:and
1557:The
1518:and
1486:and
1480:The
1378:Army
1346:and
1339:Hiei
1336:and
1327:Fusō
1290:The
1225:Fusō
1181:the
1130:and
1116:Saga
1073:and
1059:The
1033:The
985:The
934:Kaga
932:and
930:Tosa
905:and
839:The
823:for
775:and
739:The
601:, a
567:wakō
500:The
470:and
373:navy
365:日本海軍
322:The
139:Role
133:Navy
129:Type
78:1945
70:1868
7657:War
6837:富士山
6596:.
5628:doi
3280:USN
3275:IJN
2550:Ume
2539:as
2195:in
2155:63
2148:24
940:'s
883:in
630:of
560:by
328:IJN
8840::
8206:,
7283:樺太
7275:東京
7264:河内
7256:武蔵
7248:摂津
7240:筑波
7221:行速
7197:虹橋
7189:大坂
7165:快風
7141:飛隼
7117:陽春
7094:和泉
7071:龍驤
7048:電流
7040:延年
7032:孟春
7024:日進
7001:乾行
6993:春日
6970:華陽
6959:鳳翔
6951:雲揚
6912:長鯨
6904:開運
6896:立象
6888:鳳凰
6880:咸臨
6872:飛龍
6864:観光
6856:翔鶴
6848:朝陽
6821:甲鉄
6576:;
6533:,
6477:.
6455:,
6415:,
6395:.
6193:.
6172:.
5986:.
5793:^
5735:^
5682:^
5644:.
5636:.
5624:38
5622:.
5618:.
5520:^
5493:^
5470:^
5455:^
5392:,
5299:".
5216:.
5177:^
5153:.
5079:^
4922:^
4768:^
4747:^
4706:^
4691:^
4674:^
4581:^
4552:^
4513:^
4415:^
4384:^
4367:^
4350:^
4327:^
4310:^
4227:^
4212:^
4197:^
4166:^
4131:^
4116:^
4095:^
4071:^
4054:^
4015:^
3871::
3814:^
3759:,
3712:–
3498:.
3147:,
2950:,
2880:).
2629:,
2625:,
2603:,
2583:,
2577:,
2571:,
2565:,
2559:,
2553:,
2512:,
2506:,
2491:'
2222:,
2141:9
2122:8
2115:6
2093:,
2087:,
2081:,
1810:.
1795:.
1778:,
1693:1
1680:1
1330:,
1274:,
1126:,
1122:,
1107:.
928:,
924:,
909:.
779:.
710:,
619:.
586:.
414:.
343::
334::
330:;
8509:e
8502:t
8495:v
8243:(
8210:)
8202:(
7316:e
7309:t
7302:v
6787:e
6780:t
6773:v
6684:e
6677:t
6670:v
6525:.
6506:.
6487:.
6440:.
6407:.
6386:.
6355:.
6336:.
6317:.
6295:.
6276:.
6257:.
6238:.
6205:.
6184:.
6136:.
6117:.
6098:.
6069:.
6042:.
6017:.
5990:.
5969:.
5943:.
5917:.
5887:.
5860:.
5829:.
5775:.
5652:.
5630::
5396:.
5337:.
5282:.
5226:.
5159:.
5037:.
4668:.
4641:.
4467:.
4304:.
4277:.
4009:.
3982:.
3955:.
3928:.
3796:.
3263:)
3037:(
3029:(
2905:.
2547:(
2273:5
2138:)
1512:(
326:(
186:"
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)