Russo-Japanese War

3470: 3523: 2829:, a prominent bandit leader and the future "Old Marshal" who would rule Manchuria as a warlord between 1916 and 1928, worked as a honghuzi for the Japanese. Manchuria was still officially part of the Chinese Empire, and the Chinese civil servants tried their best to be neutral as Russian and Japanese troops marched across Manchuria. In the parts of Manchuria occupied by the Japanese, Tokyo appointed "civil governors" who worked to improve health, sanitation and the state of the roads. These activities were also self-interested, as improved roads lessened Japanese logistics problems while improved health amongst the Chinese lessened the dangers of diseases infecting the Japanese troops. By contrast, the Russians made no effort to improve sanitation or health amongst the Chinese, and destroyed everything when they retreated. Many Chinese tended to see the Japanese as the lesser evil. 4291:. Set in both Russia and Japan, it ends with the Dogger Bank incident involving the Baltic Fleet. The political thinking displayed there is typical of the time. There is great admiration for the Japanese, who were British allies. Russia is in turmoil, but the main impetus towards war is not imperialism as such but commercial forces. "Every student of modern history has remarked the fact that all recent wars have been promoted by great combinations of capitalists. The causes which formerly led to war between nation and nation have ceased to operate" (p. 40). The true villain plotting in the background, however, is the German Emperor, seeking to destabilise the European balance of power in his country's favour. Towards the end of the novel, the narrator steals a German submarine and successfully foils a plot to involve the British in the war. The submarine motif reappeared in 1511: 1361: 1963:...undertaking the protection and defence of the White Race, and with it, Christian civilization, against the Yellow Race. And whatever the Japs are determined to ensure the domination of the Yellow Race in East Asia, to put themselves at its head and organise and lead it into battle against the White Race. That is the kernel of the situation, and therefore there can be very little doubt about where the sympathies of all half-way intelligent Europeans should lie. England betrayed Europe's interests to America in a cowardly and shameful way over the Panama Canal question, so as to be left in 'peace' by the Yankees. Will the 'Tsar' likewise betray the interests of the White Race to the Yellow as to be 'left in peace' and not embarrass the Hague tribunal too much?. 972: 3783: 223: 483: 471: 459: 447: 435: 423: 411: 1771:) often wrote letters to his cousin Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, praising him as the "saviour of the white race" and urging Russia forward in Asia. From November 1894 onward, Wilhelm had been writing letters praising Nicholas as Europe's defender from the "Yellow Peril", assuring the Tsar that God Himself had "chosen" Russia to defend Europe from the alleged Asian threat. On 1 November 1902 Wilhelm wrote to Nicholas that "certain symptoms in the East seem to show that Japan is becoming a rather restless customer" and "it is evident to every unbiased mind that Korea must and will be Russian". Wilhelm ended his letter with the warning that Japan and China would soon unite against Europe, writing: 1990:. Crucially, Nicholas mismanaged his government. Although certain scholars contend that the situation arose from the determination of Nicholas II to use the war against Japan to spark a revival in Russian patriotism, no historical evidence supports this claim. The Tsar's advisors did not support the war, foreseeing problems in transporting troops and supplies from European Russia to the East. The Tsar himself repeatedly delayed negotiations with the Japanese government as he believed that he was protected by God and the autocracy. The Japanese understanding of this can be seen in a telegram from Japanese minister of foreign affairs, Komura, to the minister to Russia, in which he stated: 1386:("Conquer Korea Argument") had bitterly divided the Japanese elite: one faction wanted to conquer Korea immediately, another wanted to wait until Japan was further modernized before embarking on a war to conquer Korea; significantly, no one in the Japanese elite ever accepted the idea that the Koreans had the right to be independent, with only the question of timing dividing the two factions. In much the same way that Europeans used the "backwardness" of African and Asian nations as a reason for why they had to conquer them, for the Japanese elite the "backwardness" of China and Korea was proof of the inferiority of those nations, thus giving the Japanese the "right" to conquer them. 2017:

garrison of Taiwan. A regular Japanese division contained 11,400 infantry, 430 cavalry and 36 guns – the guns being organised into batteries of 6. Though another 4 divisions and 4 reserve brigades were formed in 1904, no further formations were created as the reserves were used to replace losses sustained in combat. Japanese reserves were given a full year of training before entering combat, though as the war progressed this was reduced to 6 months due to high casualties. The Japanese army did not follow the European convention of implementing Corps, thus there were no corps troops or command and the Japanese divisions were immediately subordinate to armies.

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with Olender giving each Japanese division 19,000 men including auxiliary troops; he also states that the 13 reserve brigades contained 8,000 men each and mentions 20 fortress battalions, which is omitted by Connaughton. It is further stated that the Japanese army possessed 1,080 field guns and between 120 and 150 heavy guns at the war's commencement. Japanese cavalry was not considered the elite of the army as was the case in Russia; instead Japanese cavalry primarily acted as scouts and fought dismounted, armed with carbine and sword; this was reflected in the fact that each cavalry brigade contained 6 machine guns.

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soldiers. The defeats of the Army and Navy shook Russian confidence. Throughout 1905, the Imperial Russian government was rocked by revolution. The population was against escalation of the war. The empire was certainly capable of sending more troops, but this would make little difference in the outcome due to the poor state of the economy, the embarrassing defeats of the Russian Army and Navy by the Japanese, and the relative unimportance to Russia of the disputed land, which made the war extremely unpopular. Tsar Nicholas II elected to negotiate peace so he could concentrate on internal matters after the disaster of

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coal at neutral ports, forcing the Russian authorities to acquire a large fleet of colliers to supply the fleet at sea. The weight of the ships' stores needed for such a long journey was to be another major problem. The Russian Second Pacific Squadron (the renamed Baltic Fleet) sailed 18,000 nautical miles (33,000 km) to relieve Port Arthur only to hear the demoralizing news that Port Arthur had fallen while it was still at Madagascar. Admiral Rozhestvensky's only hope now was to reach the port of Vladivostok. There were three routes to Vladivostok, with the shortest and most direct passing through

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when the war commenced. They would be reinforced by 35,000 men after 4 months and a further 60,000 men 10 months after the commencement of the war at which point they would take the offensive. This plan was based on the erroneous belief that the Japanese army could only mobilise 400,000 with them being unable to field more than 250,000 in an operational sense and 80,000–100,000 of their operational strength being necessary to secure supply lines and therefore only 150,000–170,000 Japanese soldiers would be available for field action. The possibility of Port Arthur being taken was dismissed entirely.

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that Russia played an aggressive role in the East, which it did; rather, it means that Russia unwisely calculated and supposed that Japan would not go to war against Russia's far larger and seemingly superior navy and army. Nicholas held the Japanese in contempt as "yellow monkeys", and he took for granted that the Japanese would simply yield in the face of Russia's superior power, which thus explains his unwillingness to compromise. Evidence of Russia's false sense of security and superiority to Japan is seen by Russian reference to Japan's choosing war as a big mistake.

196: 3860:(£30.4 million); another loan in the amount of 600 million francs was agreed upon, but later cancelled. These loans were extended within a climate of mass bribing of the French press (made necessary by Russia's precarious economic and social situation and poor military performance). Although initially reluctant to participate in the war, the French government and major banks were co-operative since it became clear that Russian and French economic interests were tied. In addition to French money, Russia secured a loan in the amount of 500 million 2476: 519: 507: 495: 4065: 2596:, the Japanese were eventually able to capture the key hilltop bastion in December 1904. With a spotter at the end of a phone line located at this vantage point, the long-range artillery was able to shell the Russian fleet, which was unable to retaliate against the land-based artillery invisible over the other side of hilltop, and was unable or unwilling to sail out against the blockading fleet. Four Russian battleships and two cruisers were sunk in succession, with the fifth and last battleship being forced to scuttle a few weeks later. Thus, all 2999: 1920:

Weide, the Chinese ambassador in Saint Petersburg from July 1902 to September 1907, looked closely at whether a Russian or a Japanese victory would be favourable to China, and argued that the latter was preferable, as he maintained a Japanese victory presented the better chance for China to regain sovereignty over Manchuria. In December 1903 China decided to remain neutral if war came, because though Japan was the only power capable of evicting Russia from Manchuria, the extent of Japanese ambitions in Manchuria was not clear to Beijing.

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its military strength and to provide a large army in times of war. This system of conscription gave Japan a large pool of reserves to draw upon. The Active and 1st line reserve (the 1st line reserve was used to bring the active army to wartime strength) totalled 380,000; the 2nd line reserve contained 200,000; the conscript reserve a further 50,000; and the kokumin (akin to a national guard or militia) 220,000. This amounted to 850,000 trained troops available for service, in addition to 4,250,000 men in the untrained reserve.

4088:. These had been common during the Sino-Japanese war a decade earlier and celebrations of the new conflict tended to repeat the same imagery and situations. But by this time in Japan postcards had become the most common form of communication and they soon replaced prints as a medium for topographical imagery and war reportage. In some ways, however, they were still dependent on the print for their pictorial conventions, not least in issuing the cards in series that assembled into a composite scene or design, either as 397: 2401: 3337: 1994:...the Japanese government have at all times during the progress of the negotiations made it a special point to give prompt answers to all propositions of the Russian government. The negotiations have now been pending for no less than four months, and they have not yet reached a stage where the final issue can with certainty be predicted. In these circumstances the Japanese government cannot but regard with grave concern the situation for which the delays in negotiations are largely responsible. 10392: 378: 365: 344: 323: 311: 2809:", and saw all Asians, not just the Japanese, as the enemy. All of the Russian soldiers were much feared by the Chinese population of Manchuria, but it was the Cossacks whom they feared the most on the account of their brutality and insatiable desire to loot. Largely because of the more disciplined behavior of the Japanese, the Han and Manchu population of Manchuria tended to be pro-Japanese. Russian soldiers also reportedly raped Korean women, for example in the city of 2604: 3253:

that the costs of the war had pushed their nation to the verge of bankruptcy, the Japanese public was enraged by the Treaty of Portsmouth as many Japanese had expected the war to end with Russia ceding the Russian Far East to Japan and for Russia to pay an indemnity. The United States was widely blamed in Japan for the Treaty of Portsmouth with Roosevelt having allegedly "cheated" Japan out of its rightful claims at the peace conference. On 5 September 1905 the

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20 guns, with a corps containing around 12,000 men and lacking both artillery and divisional guns. Russia only possessed two Siberian Corps, both unprepared for war. After war was declared, this number was raised to seven as the conflict progressed. The European Corps in comparison contained 28,000 soldiers and 112 guns with 6 such corps sent to the Far East during the war – a further three being dispatched that did not arrive before the war ended.

279: 2751:, whose captain successfully drew away Tōgō's heavy fire from the Russian flagship. Knowing of the impending battle with the battleship reinforcements arriving from Russia (the Baltic Fleet), Tōgō chose not to risk his battleships by pursuing his enemy as they turned about and headed back into Port Arthur, thus ending naval history's longest-range gunnery duel up to that time and the first modern clash of steel battleship fleets on the high seas. 3285: 1972: 2843: 3007:

entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting,

3685: 1395:, the foreign minister, gave a speech in 1887 saying "What we must do is to transform our empire and our people, make the empire like the countries of Europe and our people like the peoples of Europe," going on to say that the Chinese and Koreans had essentially forfeited their right to be independent by not modernizing. Much of the pressure for an aggressive foreign policy in Japan came from below, with the advocates of a 4715: 4310: 299: 287: 269: 249: 237: 175: 4729: 4306:, is an exception. It features a Canadian volunteer in the Russian army who, on his return, agrees to talk about his experiences to an isolated upcountry community and relates his part in the Battle of Mukden. Though this incident only occupies two of the book's six chapters, it is used to illustrate the main message there, that war is "anti-Christian and barbarous, except in a defensive sense" (Ch. 3). 3768:'s thinking in tactical terms even as it undermined its strategic grasp of a changing world. Tactical orthodoxy, for example, assumed that a naval battle would imitate the conditions of stationary combat and that ships would engage in one long line sailing on parallel courses; but more flexible tactical thinking would now be required as a firing ship and its target manoeuvred independently. 1715:

fight against the invasion, they were quickly overrun and ejected from Manchuria. After the Boxer Rebellion, 100,000 Russian soldiers were stationed in Manchuria. The Russian troops settled in and despite assurances they would vacate the area after the crisis, by 1903 the Russians had not established a timetable for withdrawal and had actually strengthened their position in Manchuria.

1614:(CER) in Manchuria. The Chinese Eastern Railroad was owned jointly by the Russian and Chinese governments, but the company's management was entirely Russian, the line was built to the Russian gauge and Russian troops were stationed in Manchuria to protect rail traffic on the CER from bandit attacks. The headquarters of the CER company was located in the new Russian-built city of 2733:, they commenced main battery fire at a range of about eight miles, the longest ever conducted up to that time. For about thirty minutes the battleships pounded one another until they had closed to less than four miles and began to bring their secondary batteries into play. At 18:30, a hit from one of Tōgō's battleships struck Vitgeft's flagship's bridge, killing him instantly. 4411:) was published in 1900 before the actual fighting began but shared the imperial tensions that produced it. It is the story of an armoured ram-armed submarine involved in a Russo-Japanese conflict. Three other novels appeared in 1908 and are thought of as significant now because of their prophetic dimension. American author Arthur Wellesley Kipling (1885–1947) prefaced his 3799:

war; these post-war reports conclusively illustrated the battlefield destructiveness of this conflict. This was the first time the tactics of entrenched positions for infantry defended with machine guns and artillery became vitally important. Both would become dominant factors in World War I. Even though entrenched positions had already been a significant part of both the

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current war resides for social-democracy, even if we set aside its immediate effect: the collapse of Russian absolutism. This war brings the gaze of the international proletariat back to the great political and economic connectedness of the world, and violently dissipates in our ranks the particularism, the pettiness of ideas that form in any period of political calm.

3435:. Riots erupted in major cities in Japan following the incident, including demonstrations in front of the US Legation in Tokyo. Two specific requirements, expected after such a costly victory, were especially lacking: territorial gains and monetary reparations to Japan. The peace accord led to feelings of distrust, as the Japanese had intended to retain all of 3030: 3514:". These included the mass mobilization of troops into battle and the need for so extensive a supply of equipment, armaments, and supplies that both domestic support and foreign aid were required. It is also argued that domestic response in Russia to the inefficiencies of the tsarist government set in motion the eventual dissolution of the Romanov dynasty. 2813:. The Japanese were also prone to looting, albeit in a considerably less brutal manner than the Russians, and summarily executed any Chinese or Manchu whom they suspected of being spies. The city of Liaoyang had the misfortune to be sacked three times within three days: first by the Russians, then by the Chinese police, and finally by the Japanese. 3374:

humiliation at the hands of Japan caused the conflict to be viewed as a metaphor for the shortcomings of the Romanov autocracy. This discontent added fuel to the simmering Russian Revolution of 1905, an event Nicholas II had hoped to avoid by taking intransigent negotiating stances. To quell the uprising, Nicholas II issued the

3083:, which had originally consisted of six battleships, was now down to four battleships and one second class battleship (two had been lost to mines), but still retained its cruisers, destroyers, and torpedo boats. The Russian Second Pacific Squadron contained eight battleships, including four new battleships of the 1793:(in office 1901–1909), who was attempting to mediate the Russian–Japanese dispute, complained that Wilhelm's "Yellow Peril" propaganda, which strongly implied that Germany might go to war against Japan in support of Russia, encouraged Russian intransigence. On 24 July 1905, in a letter to the British diplomat 1797:, Roosevelt wrote that Wilhelm bore partial responsibility for the war as "he has done all he could to bring it about", charging that Wilhelm's constant warnings about the "Yellow Peril" had made the Russians uninterested in compromise as Nicholas believed that Germany would intervene if Japan attacked. 3190:

Military leaders and senior tsarist officials agreed before the war that Russia was a much stronger nation and had little to fear from the Empire of Japan. The fanatical zeal of the Japanese infantrymen astonished the Russians, who were dismayed by the apathy, backwardness, and defeatism of their own

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after crossing the river. The defeat of the Russian Eastern Detachment removed the perception that the Japanese would be an easy enemy, that the war would be short, and that Russia would be the overwhelming victor. This was also the first battle in decades to be an Asian victory over a European power

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Emperor Gojong of Korea (King from 1864 to 1897, Emperor from 1897 to 1907) came to believe that the issue dividing Japan and Russia was Manchuria, and chose to pursue a policy of neutrality as the best way of preserving Korean independence as the crisis mounted. In a series of reports to Beijing, Hu

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in 1902 – the British seeking to restrict naval competition by keeping the Russian Pacific seaports of Vladivostok and Port Arthur from their full use. Japan's alliance with the British meant, in part, that if any nation allied itself with Russia during any war against Japan, then Britain would enter

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and the surrounding waters. The two parties further agreed that the convention could be extended by mutual agreement. The Russians clearly expected such an extension, for they lost no time in occupying the territory and in fortifying Port Arthur, their sole warm-water port on the Pacific coast and of

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steamed out to confront an encircling Japanese squadron rather than surrender. That act of heroism was first celebrated in a German song by Rudolf Greintz in 1907, which was quickly translated into Russian and sung to a martial accompaniment. These lyrics mourned the fallen lying in their graves and

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but were forced to settle for half of it after being pressured by the United States, with President Roosevelt opting to support Nicholas II's stance on not ceding territory or paying reparations. The Japanese had wanted reparations to help families recover from lost fathers and sons as well as heavy

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Japan had become the rising Asian power and had proven that its military could fight the major powers in Europe with success. Most Western powers were stunned that the Japanese not only prevailed but decisively defeated Russia. In the Russo-Japanese War, Japan had also portrayed a sense of readiness

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of an Asian power over a European nation. Russia's defeat was met with shock in the West and across the Far East. Japan's prestige rose greatly as it came to be seen as a modern nation. Concurrently, Russia lost virtually its entire Pacific and Baltic fleets, and also much international esteem. This

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for confirmation. The number of Japanese Army dead in combat or died of wounds is put at around 59,000 with around 27,000 additional casualties from disease, and between 6,000 and 12,000 wounded. Estimates of Russian Army dead range from around 34,000 to around 53,000 men with a further 9,000–19,000

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The Japanese attempted to deny the Russians use of Port Arthur. During the night of 13–14 February, the Japanese attempted to block the entrance to Port Arthur by sinking several concrete-filled steamers in the deep water channel to the port, but they sank too deep to be effective. A similar attempt

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the next morning. A series of indecisive naval engagements followed, in which Admiral Tōgō was unable to attack the Russian fleet successfully as it was protected by the shore batteries of the harbour, and the Russians were reluctant to leave the harbour for the open seas, especially after the death

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Unlike the Japanese, the Russians did utilise the Corps system and in fact maintained two distinct styles of Corps: the European and the Siberian. The two corps both possessed two divisions and their corresponding troop numbers, but a Siberian Division was much smaller, containing only 3,400 men and

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against the highly protectionist Russian empire, in which case, Manchuria, which was the larger market than Korea, was more likely to engage Anglo-American sympathies. Throughout the war, Japanese propaganda presented the recurring theme of Japan as a "civilized" power (that supported free trade and

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Reciprocal undertaking on the part of Russia and Japan not to impede development of those industrial and commercial activities respectively of Japan in Korea and of Russia in Manchuria, which are not inconsistent with the stipulations of article I of this agreement. Additional engagement on the part

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The Russo-Japanese War (Illustrated Edition) Complete History of the Conflict: Causes of the War, Korean Campaign, Naval Operations, Battle of the Yalu, Battle for Port Arthur, Battle of the Japan Sea, Peace Treaty Tyler, Sydney. The Russo-Japanese War (Illustrated Edition): Complete History of the

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positions within the land and naval forces of both Russia and Japan. These military attachés and other observers prepared first-hand accounts of the war and analytical papers. In-depth observer narratives of the war and more narrowly focused professional journal articles were written soon after the

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For East Asia this was the first confrontation in thirty years involving two modern armed forces. The advanced weaponry led to massive casualties. Neither Japan nor Russia had prepared for the number of deaths that would occur in this new kind of warfare, and neither had the resources to compensate

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Admiral Tōgō was aware of Russian progress and understood that, with the fall of Port Arthur, the Second and Third Pacific squadrons would try to reach the only other Russian port in the Far East, Vladivostok. Battle plans were laid down and ships were repaired and refitted to intercept the Russian

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on 21 October 1904, where the Russian fleet fired on British fishing boats that they mistook for enemy torpedo boats, nearly sparked a war with the United Kingdom (an ally of Japan, but neutral, unless provoked). During the voyage, the fleet separated into a portion that went through the Suez Canal

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were exploded in late December, resulting in the costly capture of a few more pieces of the defensive line. Stessel, therefore, decided to surrender to the surprised Japanese generals on 2 January 1905. He made his decision without consulting either the other military staff present, or the Tsar and

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Olender gives the figure at 100,000 men including 8 infantry divisions, fortress troops and support troops. The entire Russian army in 1904 amounted to 1,200,000 men in 29 Corps. The Russian plan was immensely flawed as the Russians possessed only 24,000 potential reinforcements east of Lake Baikal

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Some scholars have suggested that Nicholas II dragged Japan into war intentionally, in hopes of reviving Russian nationalism. This notion conflicts with a comment made by Nicholas to Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, saying there would be no war because he "did not wish it". This does not reject the claim

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When Nicholas replied that he still wanted peace, Wilhelm wrote back in a telegram "You innocent angel!", telling his advisors "This is the language of an innocent angel. But not that of a White Tsar!" Nevertheless, Tokyo believed that Russia was not serious about seeking a peaceful solution to the

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A recurring theme of Wilhelm's letters to Nicholas was that "Holy Russia" had been "chosen" by God to save the "entire white race" from the "Yellow Peril", and that Russia was "entitled" to annex all of Korea, Manchuria, and northern China up to Beijing. Wilhelm went on to assure Nicholas that once

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During the Russian–Japanese talks, the Japanese historian Hirono Yoshihiko noted, "once negotiations commenced between Japan and Russia, Russia scaled back its demands and claims regarding Korea bit by bit, making a series of concessions that Japan regarded as serious compromises on Russia's part".

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Reciprocal recognition of Japan's preponderating interests in Korea and Russia's special interests in railway enterprises in Manchuria, and of the right of Japan to take in Korea and of Russia to take in Manchuria such measures as may be necessary for the protection of their respective interests as

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Twenty to thirty million Chinese, supported by a half dozen Japanese divisions, led by competent, intrepid Japanese officers, full of hatred for Christianity – that is a vision of the future that cannot be contemplated without concern, and it is not impossible. On the contrary, it is

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Just as Japan was subject to pressure from the Great Powers, so she would apply pressure to still weaker countries – a clear case of the transfer psychology. In this regard it is significant that ever since the Meiji period demands for a tough foreign policy have come from the common

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Military and economic exhaustion affected both countries. Japanese historians regard this war as a turning point for Japan, and a key to understanding the reasons why Japan may have failed militarily and politically later. After the war, acrimony was felt at every level of Japanese society, and it

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To the Western powers, Japan's victory demonstrated the emergence of a new Asian regional power. With the Russian defeat, some scholars have argued that the war had set in motion a change in the global world order with the emergence of Japan as not only a regional power, but rather, the main Asian

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Though there had been popular support for the war among the Russian public following the Japanese attack at Port Arthur in 1904, that popular support soon turned to discontent after suffering multiple defeats at the hands of the Japanese forces. For many Russians, the immediate shock of unexpected

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After courting the Japanese, Roosevelt decided to support the Tsar's refusal to pay indemnities, a move that policymakers in Tokyo interpreted as signifying that the United States had more than a passing interest in Asian affairs. Russia recognized Korea as part of the Japanese sphere of influence

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The retreating Russian Manchurian Army formations disbanded as fighting units, but the Japanese failed to destroy them completely. The Japanese themselves had suffered heavy casualties and were in no condition to pursue. Although the Battle of Mukden was a major defeat for the Russians and was the

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Japan had conducted detailed studies of the Russian Far East and Manchuria prior to the war and, as it was mandatory for Japanese officers to speak one foreign language, Japan had access to superior maps during the conflict. The Japanese army relied on conscription, introduced in 1873, to maintain

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Nicholas had been prepared to compromise with Japan, but after receiving a letter from Wilhelm attacking him as a coward for his willingness to compromise with the Japanese (who, Wilhelm never ceasing reminding Nicholas, represented the "Yellow Peril") for the sake of peace, became more obstinate.

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Despite previous assurances that Russia would completely withdraw from Manchuria the forces it had sent to crush the Boxer Rebellion by 8 April 1903, that day passed with no reduction in Russian forces in that region. In Japan, university students demonstrated both against Russia and against their

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since 1894, was less than supportive of Russian expansionism in Asia, and it was believed in Berlin that German support of Russia might break up the Franco-Russian alliance and lead to a new German–Russian alliance. The French had made it clear that they disapproved of Nicholas's forward policy in

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in 1868, the Meiji government endeavoured to assimilate Western ideas, technological advances and ways of warfare. By the late 19th century, Japan had transformed itself into a modernized industrial state. The Japanese wanted to be recognized as equal with the Western powers. The Meiji Restoration

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chose 1905 to paint his "Europa Jubilans" (Europe rejoicing), which portrays an aproned maid taking her ease on a sofa against a background of Eastern artefacts. Painted following demonstrations against the war and Russian cultural suppression, and in the year of Russia's defeat, its subtly coded

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concludes that Roosevelt handled the arbitration well, doing an "excellent job of balancing Russian and Japanese power in the Orient, where the supremacy of either constituted a threat to growing America". As Japan had won every battle on land and sea and as the Japanese people did not understand

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between 7 and 10 April 1905. The fleet finally reached the Sea of Japan in May 1905. The logistics of such an undertaking in the age of coal power was astounding. The squadron required approximately 500,000 tons of coal to complete the journey, yet by international law, it was not allowed to

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Port Arthur, on the Liaodong Peninsula in the south of Manchuria, had been fortified into a major naval base by the Russian Imperial Army. Since it needed to control the sea in order to fight a war on the Asian mainland, Japan's first military objective was to neutralize the Russian fleet at Port

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Olender gives a different appraisal of Japanese strength, maintaining that there were 350,000 men of the standing army and 1st reserve, with an additional 850,000 trained men in reserve, creating a total trained force of 1,200,000 men. The breakdown of the Japanese standing army is different too,

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Since 97 – Kiaochow – we have never left Russia in any doubt that we would cover her back in Europe, in case she decided to pursue a bigger policy in the Far East that might lead to military complications (with the aim of relieving our eastern border from the fearful

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Furthermore, Wilhelm believed if a Russian–German alliance emerged, France would be compelled to join it. He also hoped that having Russia pursue an expansionist policy in Asia would distract and keep Russia out of the Balkans, thus removing the main source of tension between Russia and Germany's

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dynasty. From the 1880s onward, there had been vigorous competition for influence in Korea between China and Japan. The Korean court was prone to factionalism, and at the time was badly divided between a reformist camp that was pro-Japanese and a more conservative faction that was pro-Chinese. In

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of the Russian fleet. The Japanese engaged the Russians in the Tsushima Straits on 27–28 May 1905. The Russian fleet was virtually annihilated, losing eight battleships, numerous smaller vessels, and more than 5,000 men, while the Japanese lost three torpedo boats and 116 men. Only three Russian

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Russian Logistics were hampered by the fact that the only connection to European Russia was the Trans-Siberian Railway, which remained incomplete as at Lake Baikal the railway was not connected. A single train would take between 15 and 40 days to traverse the railway, with 40 days being the more

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sent in 1900 to quell the Boxer Rebellion and to relieve the international legations besieged in the Chinese capital, Beijing. Russia had already sent 177,000 soldiers to Manchuria, nominally to protect its railways under construction. Though the Qing imperial army and the Boxer rebels united to

1567:. The leaders of Japan did not feel that they possessed the strength to resist the combined might of Russia, Germany and France, and so gave in to the ultimatum. At the same time, the Japanese did not abandon their attempts to force Korea into the Japanese sphere of influence. On 8 October 1895, 1436:

The British Japanologist Richard Storry wrote that the biggest misconception about Japan in the West was that the Japanese people were the "docile" instruments of the elite, when in fact much of the pressure for Japan's wars from 1894 to 1941 came from the ordinary people, who demanded a "tough"

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in Korea and Manchuria. Seeing Russia as a rival, Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of the Korean Empire as being within the Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused and demanded the establishment of a neutral buffer zone between Russia and

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As war between Russia and Japan drew nearer in the winter of 1903–4, London and Paris intensified their efforts to come to an understanding, both governments being anxious to avoid being dragged into the coming conflict between their respective allies. When the French premier, Maurice Rouvier,

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or even more ambitious formats. However, captioning swiftly moved from the calligraphic side inscription to a printed title below, and not just in Japanese but in English and other European languages. There was a lively sense that these images served not only as mementoes but also as propaganda

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and other reproducible forms. Propaganda images were circulated by both sides, often in the form of postcards and based on insulting racial stereotypes. These were produced not only by the combatants but by those from European countries who supported one or the other side or had a commercial or

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The Russo-Japanese War now gives to all an awareness that even war and peace in Europe – its destiny – is not decided between the four walls of the European concert, but outside it, in the gigantic maelstrom of world and colonial politics. And it's in this that the real meaning of the

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interpreted the challenge in racial as well as cultural terms, arguing that "the absolute necessity of a radical sexual reform for the continued existence of the western races of men has ... been raised from the level of discussion to the level of a scientifically proven fact". To stop the

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The Russo-Japanese War introduced a number of characteristics that came to define 20th-century politics and warfare. Many of the innovations brought by the Industrial Revolution, such as rapid-firing artillery and machine guns, as well as more accurate rifles, were first tested on a mass scale.

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The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well

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and burned some Chinese villages, raped women and often killed those who resisted or did not understand what they wanted. The Russian justification for all this was that Chinese civilians, being Asian, must have been helping their fellow Asians (the Japanese) inflict defeat on the Russians, and

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and China often intercepted and read wireless and telegraph cable traffic relating to the war, which was shared with the Japanese. In their turn, the Japanese shared information about Russia with the British with one British official writing of the "perfect quality" of Japanese intelligence. In

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There is no consensus over how many Russian troops were present in the Far East around the time of the commencement of the war. One estimate states that the Russian army possessed 60,000 infantry 3,000 cavalry and 164 guns mostly at Vladivostok and Port Arthur with a portion at Harbin. This was

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serving with the Imperial Japanese Army in Manchuria. As one of the several military attachés from Western countries, he was the first to arrive in Japan after the start of the war. He therefore would be recognized as the dean of multi-national attachés and observers in this conflict, although

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The Japanese were on the offensive for most of the war and used massed infantry assaults against defensive positions, which would later become the standard of all European armies during World War I. The battles of the Russo-Japanese War, in which machine guns and artillery took a heavy toll on

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Immediately available to Japan on the declaration of war were 257,000 infantry, 11,000 cavalry and 894 pieces of artillery. These figures were divided between the Imperial Guards division, 12 regular divisions, 2 cavalry brigades, 2 artillery brigades, 13 reserve brigades, depot troops and the

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with a note counselling future vigilance. The scenario there is an attack by German and Japanese allies which the US and British navies victoriously fend off. In Germany itself an air attack on the American fleet is described by Ferdinand Heinrich Grautoff (1871–1935), writing under the name

4937:... imperial Japan was at the forefront of hegemonic wars in a quest to extend the Japanese hegemony over Korea to the entire Asia-Pacific region – the Sino–Japanese War of 1894–95 to gain dominance in Korea, the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–5 for mastery over Manchuria and Korea ... 3656:

Japan became the sixth-most powerful naval force by combined tonnage, while the Russian Navy declined to one barely stronger than that of Austria–Hungary. The actual costs of the war were large enough to affect the Russian economy and, despite grain exports, the nation developed an external

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to suppress the riots on September 6 (one day after the signing in Portsmouth). Martial law was lifted on November 29 after more than 2,000 people were arrested, but the Cabinet resigned on December 22 after ratifying the treaty on October 10, as if taking the responsibility for a lost war.

8457: 1464:, which left Korea more strongly in the Chinese sphere of influence, though it did give the Japanese the right to intervene in Korea. All through the 1880s and early 1890s, the government in Tokyo was regularly criticized for not being aggressive enough in Korea, leading Japanese historian 1317:

remained convinced that Russia could still win if it fought on; he chose to remain engaged in the war and await the outcomes of key naval battles. As hope of victory dissipated, he continued the war to preserve the dignity of Russia by averting a "humiliating peace". Russia ignored Japan's

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from a naval mine on 13 April 1904. Although the actual Battle of Port Arthur was indecisive, the initial attacks had a devastating psychological effect on Russia, which had been confident about the prospect of war. The Japanese had seized the initiative while the Russians waited in port.

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Reciprocal engagement that in case it is found necessary to send troops by Japan to Korea, or by Russia to Manchuria, for the purpose either of protecting the interests mentioned in article II of this agreement, or of suppressing insurrection or disorder calculated to create international

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Japan's pre-war gold reserves were a modest £11.7 million; a major portion of the total cost of the war was covered by money borrowed from the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. During his canvassing expedition in London, the Japanese vice-governor of the Bank of Japan

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An alternative figure for forces in the Far East is given at over 150,000 men and 266 guns, with Vladivostok and Port Arthur containing a combined force of 45,000 men and with an additional 55,000 engaged in guarding lines of communication, leaving only 50,000 troops to take the field.

2623:, commander of the Port Arthur garrison, believed that the purpose of defending the city was lost after the fleet had been destroyed. In general, the Russian defenders were suffering disproportionate casualties each time the Japanese attacked. In particular, several large underground 1582:

in Seoul, believing that his life was in danger from Japanese agents, and Russian influence in Korea started to predominate. In the aftermath of the flight of the King, a popular uprising overthrew the pro-Japanese government and several cabinet ministers were lynched in the streets.

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particular, British and Japanese intelligence gathered much evidence that Germany was supporting Russia in the war as part of a bid to disturb the balance of power in Europe, which led to British officials increasingly perceiving Germany as a threat to the international order.

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The siege of Port Arthur commenced in April 1904. Japanese troops tried numerous frontal assaults on the fortified hilltops overlooking the harbour, which were defeated with Japanese casualties in the thousands. With the aid of several batteries of 11-inch (280 mm)

3234:), with scant protest from other powers. From 1910 until the end of its occupation of Korea in 1945, the Japanese adopted a strategy of using the Korean Peninsula as a gateway to the Asian continent and making Korea's economy subordinate to Japanese economic interests. 2743:

s helm jammed and their admiral killed in action, she turned from her battle line, causing confusion among her fleet. However, Tōgō was determined to sink the Russian flagship and continued pounding her, and it was saved only by the gallant charge of the American-built

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by a pro-Japanese reformist faction, which led to the conservative government calling upon China for help, leading to a clash between Chinese and Japanese soldiers in Seoul. At the time, Tokyo did not feel ready to risk a war with China, and the crisis was ended by the

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Although the war had ended in a victory for Japan, Japanese public opinion was shocked by the very restrained peace terms which were negotiated at the war's end. Widespread discontent spread through the populace upon the announcement of the treaty terms, causing the

1826:(from 1897) meant to challenge Britain's position as the world's leading power. Since Britain was allied to Japan, if Germany could manipulate Russia and Japan into going to war with each other, this in turn would allegedly lead to Russia turning towards Germany. 3469: 3093:

By the end of May, the Second Pacific Squadron was on the last leg of its journey to Vladivostok, taking the shorter, riskier route between Korea and Japan, and travelling at night to avoid discovery. Unfortunately for the Russians, while in compliance with the

1842:, the Japanese minister in Saint Petersburg, was instructed to present his country's view opposing Russia's consolidation plans in Manchuria. On 3 August 1903 the Japanese minister handed in the following document to serve as the basis for further negotiations: 2046:

common figure. A single battalion would take a month to transport from Moscow to Shenyang. After the line's eventual completion, 20 trains ran daily and by the conclusion of the war some 410,000 soldiers, 93,000 horses and 1,000 guns had been carried down it.

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Recognition of the right of Japan to send for the same purpose troops to Korea, with the knowledge of Russia, but their number not to exceed that actually required, and with the engagement on the part of Japan to recall such troops as soon as their mission is

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and marked Russia's inability to match Japan's military prowess. Japanese troops proceeded to land at several points on the Manchurian coast, and in a series of engagements, drove the Russians back towards Port Arthur. The subsequent battles, including the

3581:, then only an aspiring politician in British India, "Japan's victory lessened the feeling of inferiority from which most of us suffered. A great European power had been defeated, thus Asia could still defeat Europe as it had done in the past." And in the 1927:

or Korean issues. Instead, Russia's goal was buying time – via diplomacy – to further build up militarily. In December 1903, Wilhelm wrote in a marginal note on a diplomatic dispatch about his role in inflaming Russo-Japanese

2980:, between 25 and 29 January, attacked the Japanese left flank near the town of Sandepu, almost breaking through. This caught the Japanese by surprise. However, without support from other Russian units the attack stalled, Gripenberg was ordered to halt by 4658:(2018), an anime adaptation of the manga of the same name. The story takes place just after the Russo-Japanese War, and features many flashbacks and references to it. Several of its principal characters are veteran Japanese army men who fought in the 1951:

Russia had defeated Japan, this would be a deadly blow to British diplomacy, and that the two emperors, the self-proclaimed "Admiral of the Atlantic" and the "Admiral of the Pacific", would rule Eurasia together, making them able to challenge British

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Tsar Nicholas II was stunned by news of the attack. He could not believe that Japan would commit an act of war without a formal declaration, and had been assured by his ministers that the Japanese would not fight. When the attack came, according to

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by sea. In Danzig 01 and Reval 02, the same assurance was given again, with result that entire Russian divisions from Poland and European Russia were and are being sent to the Far East. This would not had happened if our governments had not been in

4512:, published serially in several volumes between 1968 and 1972, and translated in English in 2013. The closely researched story spans the decade from the Sino-Japanese War to the Russo-Japanese War and went on to become the nation's favourite book. 3494:

of 1870–71. Most army commanders had previously envisioned using these weapon systems to dominate the battlefield on an operational and tactical level but, as events played out, the technological advances forever altered the conditions of war too.

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calling for an elected parliament also favouring an ultra-nationalist line that took it for granted the Japanese had the "right" to annex Korea, as the "people's rights" movement was led by those who favoured invading Korea in the years 1869–1873.

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Engagement on the part of Russia not to impede the commercial and industrial undertakings of Japan in Korea, nor to oppose any measures taken for the purpose of protecting them so long as such measures do not infringe the stipulations of article

1834:. During the war, Nicholas, who took at face value Wilhelm's "Yellow Peril" speeches, placed much hope in German intervention on his side. More than once Nicholas chose to continue the war out of the belief that the Kaiser would come to his aid. 2661:

In contrast to the Japanese strategy of rapidly gaining ground to control Manchuria, Russian strategy focused on fighting delaying actions to gain time for reinforcements to arrive via the long Trans-Siberian Railway, which was incomplete near

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dispute. On 13 January 1904, Japan proposed a formula by which Manchuria would remain outside Japan's sphere of influence and, reciprocally, Korea outside Russia's. On 21 December 1903, the Katsura cabinet voted to go to war against Russia.

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and a decline in the Russian Empire's prestige and influence in Europe. Russia's incurrence of substantial casualties and losses for a cause that resulted in humiliating defeat contributed to growing domestic unrest, which culminated in the

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Recognition by Russia of Japan's preponderating interests in Korea and of the right of Japan to give advice and assistance to Korea tending to improve the civil administration of the empire without infringing the stipulations of article

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in 1805. It is still on display at Kyouiku Sankoukan, a public museum maintained by the Japan Self-Defence Force. Nevertheless, there was a consequent shift in British strategic thinking, resulting in enlargement of its naval docks at

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the war on Japan's side. Russia could no longer count on receiving help from either Germany or France without the danger of British involvement in the war. With such an alliance, Japan felt free to commence hostilities if necessary.

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written in 1834, the authorities quickly realised its true target and immediately banned it from performance. The opera was premiered in 1909, after Rimsky-Korsakov's death, and even then with modifications required by the censors.

6515: 3807:, it is now apparent that the high casualty counts, and the tactical lessons readily available to observer nations, were completely disregarded in preparations for war in Europe, and during much of the course of World War I. 2824:

to engage in guerrilla warfare by attacking Russian supply columns. Only once did the honghuzi attack Japanese forces, and that attack was apparently motivated by the honghuzi mistaking the Japanese forces for a Russian one.

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kept a verse diary which tackled such themes as racism, strategic mistakes, and the ambiguities of victory, which has gained appreciation with historical hindsight. In the present day there is also a growing appreciation of

1816:, as Wilhelm believed that any Russian entanglement with Japan would break up the Franco-Russian alliance and lead to Nicholas signing an alliance with Germany. This was especially the case as Germany had embarked upon the " 4120:

from 1906 must have been dependent on newspaper reports since he was not present. Then, in 1914 at the outset of World War I, Yury Repin made an episode during the Battle of Yalu River the subject of a broad heroic canvas.

3107:. Wireless communication was used to inform Togo's headquarters, where the Combined Fleet was immediately ordered to sortie. Still receiving reports from scouting forces, the Japanese were able to position their fleet to 1776:

the realisation of the yellow peril, which I described a few years ago and I was ridiculed by the majority of people for my graphic depiction of it ... Your devoted friend and cousin, Willy, Admiral of the Atlantic.

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started to negotiate with the Russians. He regarded Japan as too weak to evict the Russians militarily, so he proposed giving Russia control over Manchuria in exchange for Japanese control of northern Korea. Of the five

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in immediate danger of being absorbed by the Western powers. It also encouraged the Chinese who, despite having been at war with the Japanese only a decade before, still considered Westerners the greater threat. As

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Certainly the Japanese success increased self-confidence among anti-colonial nationalists in colonised Asian countries – Vietnamese, Indonesians, Indians and Filipinos – and to those in declining countries like the

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served in the Baltic Fleet and wrote about the conflict on his return, but his early work was suppressed. It was not until the changed political climate under Soviet rule that he began writing his historical epic

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Mutual engagement not to use any part of the territory of Korea for strategical purposes nor to undertake on the coasts of Korea any military works capable of menacing the freedom of navigation in the Straits of

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Mutual engagement to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Chinese and Korean empires and to maintain the principle of equal opportunity for the commerce and industry of all nations in those

3700:, grew and added to growing Japanese hostility towards the West, and fuelled Japan's military and imperial ambitions. Furthermore, Japan's substantiated interests in Korea and Liaodong led to the creation of a 4450:. It describes the heroism of Russian sailors and certain officers whose defeat, in accordance with the new Soviet thinking, was due to the criminal negligence of the Imperial Naval command. A German novel by 2061:

across a wide front in closed formations; it was not uncommon for Russian higher command to bypass their intermediate commanders and issue orders directly to battalions, thus creating confusion during combat.

1789:(in office: May to December 1887) publicly declaring that the Franco-Russian alliance applied only in Europe, not to Asia, and that France would remain neutral if Japan attacked Russia. The American president 3712:; the Kwantung Army eventually came to be heavily involved in the state's politics and administration, leading to a series of localized conflicts with Chinese regional warlords that finally extended into the 12224: 7079: 6659: 1916:

would implicitly allow foreign businesses into the resource-rich region of Manchuria) vs. Russia the "uncivilized" power (that was protectionist and wanted to keep the riches of Manchuria all to itself).

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became the consensus within Japan that their nation had been treated as the defeated power during the peace conference. As time went on, this feeling, coupled with the sense of "arrogance" at becoming a

3444:, mediated by the U.S., was received by the general Japanese population with disbelief on September 5 and 6 when all the major newspapers reported the content of the signed treaty in lengthy editorials. 3397:. Russia had mobilized thousands of Polish reservists during the war with Japan, contributing to unrest. Contemporary reports found that some Poles preferred death over fighting the Japanese for Russia. 7510: 4129:

On either side, there were lyrics lamenting the necessity of fighting in a foreign land, far from home. One of the earliest of several Russian songs still performed today was the waltz "Amur's Waves" (

1618:, the "Moscow of the Orient". From 1897 onwards, Manchuria – while still nominally part of the "Great Qing Empire" – started to resemble more and more a Russian province. 3531:

power. Rather more than the possibilities of diplomatic partnership were emerging, however. The US and Australian reaction to the changed balance of power brought by the war was mixed with fears of a

8209: 2775:. After a false start caused by engine problems and other mishaps, the squadron finally departed on 15 October 1904, and sailed halfway around the world from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific via the 3673:, had a tremendous impact on the development of the Japanese military training, tactics, strategy, and organization. His reforms were credited with Japan's overwhelming victory over China in the 2600:

of the Russian fleet in the Pacific were sunk. This is probably the only example in military history when such a scale of devastation was achieved by land-based artillery against major warships.

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adventure stories, they offer few insights into the conflict, being generally based on news articles and sharing without any reflection in the contemporary culture of imperialism. Among these,

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cartoon, 1905; A cartoon in the British press of the times illustrating the Russian Empire's loss of prestige after the nation's defeat. The hour-glass represents Russia's prestige running out.

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Mutual engagement to consider that part of the territory of Korea lying to the north of the 39th parallel as a neutral zone into which neither of the contracting parties shall introduce troops.

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Later there appeared a first-hand account of the siege of Port Arthur by Alexander Stepanov (1892–1965). He had been present there as the 12-year-old son of a battery commander and his novel,

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Recognition on the part of Russia of the exclusive right of Japan to give advice and assistance in the interest of reform and good government in Korea, including necessary military assistance.

1812:(in office: 1900–1909) had much interest in East Asia, and Wilhelm's letters to Nicholas praising him as Europe's saviour against the "Yellow Peril" were really meant to provoke change in the 3884:

and sympathetic to Japan's cause, extended a critical series of loans to the Empire of Japan, in the amount of 200 million US dollars (£41.2 million). He also raised loans from the

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as the resources of Eurasia would make their empires immune to a British blockade, and thus allowing Germany and Russia to "divide up the best" of the British colonies in Asia between them.

8021: 4108:, Admiral Makarov's flagship, when it was sunk by mines. However, his last work, a picture of a council of war presided over by the admiral, was recovered almost undamaged. Another artist, 6468: 9206: 4552: 1338:. The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised international observers and transformed the balance of power in both East Asia and Europe, resulting in Japan's emergence as a 3378:, which included only limited reforms such as the Duma and failed to address the societal problems of Russia at the time. Twelve years later, that discontent would boil over into the 1418:

Furthermore, the educational system of Meiji Japan was meant to train the schoolboys to be soldiers when they grew up, and as such, Japanese schools indoctrinated their students into

8050: 1911:(in office 1901–1906), decided if war did come, that Japan was more likely to have the support of the United States and Great Britain if the war could be presented as a struggle for 10239: 7565: 4469:(1944), is based on his own diaries and his father's notes. The work is considered one of the best historical novels of the Soviet period. A later novel in which the war appears is 828: 3522: 2984:

and the battle was inconclusive. The Japanese knew that they needed to destroy the Russian army in Manchuria before Russian reinforcements arrived via the Trans-Siberian railroad.

1411:" were common from the 1880s onward and many ordinary Japanese resented the heavy taxes imposed by the government to modernize Japan, demanding something tangible like an overseas 4084:

for sale in markets, recording the war for the domestic audience. Around 300 were made before their creation was banned by the Russian government. Their Japanese equivalents were

4112:, first came to notice for his reports during the war and the paintings worked up from his diary sketch-books. Other depictions appeared after the event. The two by the Georgian 11401: 1626:

In December 1897, a Russian fleet appeared off Port Arthur. After three months, in 1898, China and Russia negotiated a convention by which China leased (to Russia) Port Arthur,

1294:. The Imperial Japanese Government perceived this as obstructing their plans for expansion into mainland Asia and chose to go to war. After negotiations broke down in 1904, the 3116:

vessels escaped to Vladivostok, while six others were interned in neutral ports. After the Battle of Tsushima, a combined Japanese Army and Navy operation commanded by Admiral

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Conflict: Causes of the War, Korean Campaign, Naval Operations, Battle of the Yalu, ... Battle of the Japan Sea, Peace Treaty (p. 1). Madison & Adams Press. Kindle Edition

4477:(1981). Centred on the life of Vladimir Kokovtsov, who rose through the ranks to admiral of the Russian fleet, it covers the period from the Russo-Japanese War through to the 4299:(1904), although in this case it is a French super-submarine which its developer sells to the Russians for use against the Japanese in another tale of international intrigue. 8321: 4576:) depicts the naval battles of the war, the attacks on the Port Arthur highlands, and the subterfuge and diplomacy of Japanese agents in Sweden. Admiral Togo is portrayed by 4235: 1907:

The war might not have broken out had not the issues of Korea and Manchuria become linked. The Korean and Manchurian issues had become linked as the Prime Minister of Japan,

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into the Yellow Sea in the early morning of 10 August 1904. Waiting for him was Admiral Tōgō and his fleet of four battleships, 10 cruisers, and 18 torpedo boat destroyers.

10679: 10597: 8061: 5993: 3507:, becoming prominent after the war. The consequent identification of common problems and challenges began the slow process that came to dominate much of the 20th century. 3393:, the population was so restless that an army of 250,000–300,000 – larger than the one facing the Japanese – had to be stationed to put down 3777: 4446:

as well as on testimonies of fellow sailors and government archives. The first part was published in 1932, the second in 1935, and the whole novel was later awarded the

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Dickinson, Edward Ross (May 2002). "Sex, Masculinity, and the 'Yellow Peril': Christian von Ehrenfels' Program for a Revision of the European Sexual Order, 1902–1910".

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in 1909. It is set in 1912 and told from the standpoint of 1922, following a military invasion of Australia's Northern Territory and colonisation by Japanese settlers.

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Potential diplomatic resolution of territorial concerns between Japan and Russia failed; historians have argued that this directly resulted from the actions of Emperor

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to send in troops to stabilize the country. The Empire of Japan responded by sending their own force to Korea to crush the Tonghak and installed a puppet government in

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to believe that Russia's military weaknesses in the Far East (like the uncompleted Trans-Siberian railroad line) did not matter – they assumed that the

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Wilhelm had written to Nicholas stating that the question of Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea was beside the point, saying instead it was a matter of Russia:

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of Russia not to impede the eventual extension of the Korean railway into southern Manchuria so as to connect with the East China and Shan-hai-kwan–Newchwang lines.

4584: 4420:. Published in Berlin in 1908, it was translated into English the following year. An Australian author using the pseudonym Charles H. Kirmess first serialised his 2030:

reinforced by the middle of February to 95,000 with 45,000 at Vladivostok, 8,000 at Harbin, 9,000 at Haicheng, 11,000 on the Yalu River and 22,000 at Port Arthur.

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commented, "We regarded that Russian defeat by Japan as the defeat of the West by the East. We regarded the Japanese victory as our own victory". Even in far-off

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complications, the troops so sent are in no case to exceed the actual number required and are to be forthwith recalled as soon as their missions are accomplished.

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Russian–Japanese negotiations then followed, although by early January 1904 the Japanese government had realised that Russia was not interested in settling the

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deficit. The cost of military re-equipment and re-expansion after 1905 pushed the economy further into deficit, although the size of the deficit was obscured.

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between Korea and Japan. However, this was also the most dangerous route as it passed between the Japanese home islands and the Japanese naval bases in Korea.

13677: 12273: 3853:, Russia's pre-war financial situation was not enviable. The country had large budget deficits year after year, and was largely dependent on borrowed money. 821: 9898: 3055:, that had been reluctantly allowed by neutral France in order not to jeopardize its relations with its Russian ally, the Russian Baltic fleet proceeded to 2377:

sent envoys to Japanese generals several times to deliver foodstuffs and alcoholic drinks. Native Manchurians joined the war on both sides as hired troops.

2366:. The gesture was symbolic and no soldiers from the army were ever deployed in the far East but a few Montenegrins volunteered and joined the Russian army. 10832: 10339: 5060: 4226:

himself entered the poetic lists, writing in answer to all the lamentations about death in a foreign land that the patriotic soul returns to the homeland.

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Military and civilian observers from every major power closely followed the course of the war. Most were able to report on events from the perspective of

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Russia also signed over its 25-year leasehold rights to Port Arthur, including the naval base and the peninsula around it, and ceded the southern half of

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Chapman, John W. M. (2004). "Russia, Germany and the Anglo-Japanese Intelligence Collaboration, 1896–1906". In Erickson, Mark; Erickson, Ljubica (eds.).

8204: 6948: 4757: 3394: 3257:– as the anti-American riots were euphemistically described – erupted in Tokyo and lasted for three days, forcing the government to declare martial law. 9178: 3708:

annexed Korea as part of its colonial empire. Two decades after that, the Kwantung Army staged an incident that led to the invasion of Manchuria in the

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had been intended to make Japan a modernized state, not a Westernized one, and Japan was an imperialist power, looking towards overseas expansionism.

13266: 7420: 7023: 8399: 7843: 3404:) sent emissaries to Japan to collaborate on sabotage and intelligence gathering within the Russian Empire and even plan a Japanese-aided uprising. 12288: 11618: 11431: 8827: 3163: 814: 8082: 8013: 6091: 12722: 12578: 12407: 10366: 4608: 4148:, a decorated military musician whose regiment suffered badly in the Battle of Mukden. Originally only the music was published, and the words by 3824: 9815: 7927: 2353: 13814: 12485: 12152: 11844: 9193: 8968: 8597: 6971: 5367:

declared that his country's alliance with Russia did not extend to East Asia but only to Europe, Wilhelm greeted this announcement jubilantly .

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of Korea, the leader of the anti-Japanese and pro-Chinese faction at the Korean court was murdered by Japanese agents within the halls of the

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The Russians quickly learned, and soon employed, the Japanese tactic of offensive minelaying. On 15 May 1904, two Japanese battleships, the

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on 8 February 1904. However, three hours before Japan's declaration of war was received by the Russian government, and without warning, the

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Won-soo, Kim. "Trends in the Study of the Russo-Japanese War in Korea and Future Tasks-Third-party perspective on the origins of the war."

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Donald P. Wright, "'Clouds Gathering on the Horizon': The Russian Army and the Preparation of the Imperial Population for War, 1906–1914",

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The implicit promise of German support suggested by Wilhelm's "Yellow Peril" speeches and letters to Nicholas led many decision-makers in

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and built hospitals. After Emperor Meiji died in 1912, Maresuke and his wife committed suicide, 7 years after the siege of Port Arthur.

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dying of disease and around 75,000 captured. The total number of dead for both sides is generally stated as around 130,000 to 170,000.

1579: 8768: 13532: 12732: 11151: 10766: 10648: 10276: 8798: 8255: 6061: 5342:. Translated by de Bellaigue, Sheila; Bridge, Roy (reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press (published 2014). pp. 252–253. 3881: 1648: 1158: 733: 680: 8727: 4229:

European treatments were similarly varied. Jane H. Oakley attempted an epic treatment of the conflict in 86 cantos. The French poet

4197:'s "Outside the Goldland Fortress" was learned by generations of schoolchildren and valued for its bleak stoicism. The army surgeon 11756: 10549: 10539: 8305: 8196: 8120: 7118: 3362:'s ally; its loss of prestige emboldened Germany in planning for war with France and supporting Austria-Hungary's war with Serbia. 11447: 9700:

Hall, Richard C. "The Next War: The Influence of the Russo-Japanese War on Southeastern Europe and the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913."

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in Britain. Japan's total war expenditure was 2,150 million yen, of which 38%, or 820 million yen, was raised overseas.

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in taking a more active and leading role in Asian affairs, which in turn had led to widespread nationalism throughout the region.

13183: 12587: 11611: 11596: 6133: 3574: 2907: 2496: 1667: 1396: 1360: 641: 10344: 8058: 6157: 1670:, "I do not want to seize Korea but under no circumstances can I allow Japan to become firmly established there. That will be a 13216: 12362: 12293: 11586: 11520: 11349: 11323: 8903: 3316:, who led the Japanese army during the siege, felt so guilty about the loss of many Japanese soldiers that he wanted to commit 3264:

participation in the war against Japan, leaving the two countries still technically belligerents until 2006, when the Japanese

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the previous year. The two sides camped opposite each other along 60 to 70 miles (110 km) of front lines south of Mukden.

2879: 1180: 13809: 12927: 11890: 11293: 10003: 9916: 9887: 9848: 9827: 9797: 9783: 9654: 9500: 9283: 9264: 9101: 9061: 8987: 8274: 7919: 7837: 7378: 7353: 5930: 5879: 5804: 5197: 4918: 3602:, set in Dublin in 1904, contains hopeful Irish allusions as to the outcome of the war. And in partitioned Poland the artist 3150:

Negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth (1905). From left to right: the Russians at far side of table are Korostovetz, Nabokov,

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in Korea. From Incheon the Japanese occupied Hanseong and then the rest of Korea. After the Japanese occupation of Hanseong,

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rivers, causing the Japanese much anxiety. Japan decided to attack before the Russians completed the Trans-Siberian Railway.

1020: 942: 9978: 9955: 9349: 9313: 9107: 8831: 7469: 6745: 6566: 6265: 5627: 5353: 4924: 1979:

By 4 February 1904, no formal reply had been received from Saint Petersburg. On 6 February the Japanese minister to Russia,

1563:, which ceded the Liaodong Peninsula and the island of Taiwan to Japan. After the peace treaty, Russia, Germany, and France 12241: 12231: 11525: 11121: 10882: 10758: 10658: 10643: 10554: 10514: 5161: 4742: 2049:

The tactics utilised by the Russians were as outdated as their doctrine. The Russian infantry were holding to the maxim of

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in 1890 (with limited powers and an equally limited franchise) and by pursuing an aggressive foreign policy towards Korea.

9717:

Correspondence Regarding the Negotiations between Japan and Russia (1903–1904), Presented to the Imperial Diet, March 1904

3716:

in 1937. As a result, most Chinese historians consider the Russo-Japanese War as a key development in Japan's spiral into

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showing Tsar Nicholas II waking from a nightmare of the battered and wounded Russian forces returning from battle. Artist

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Podalko, Petr E. "'Weak ally'or 'strong enemy?': Japan in the eyes of Russian diplomats and military agents, 1900–1907."

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Correspondence regarding the negotiations between Japan and Russia (1903–1904) Presented to the Imperial diet. March 1904

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in the port. Russia's acquisition of Port Arthur was primarily an anti-British move to counter the British occupation of

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Island to Japan. Sakhalin would be taken back by the Soviet Union following the defeat of the Japanese in World War II.

2488:

had taken command of the First Russian Pacific Squadron with the intention of breaking out of the Port Arthur blockade.

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foreign policy, and tended to engage in riots and assassination when foreign policy was perceived to be pusillanimous.

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in 1908 and sentenced to death on account of an incompetent defense and for disobeying orders. He was later pardoned.

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Gerbig-Fabel, Marco. "Photographic artefacts of war 1904–1905: the Russo-Japanese war as transnational media event."

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Though most English-language fiction of the period took the Japanese side, the Rev. W. W. Walker's Canadian novella,

3897: 3451:, which remained in power for the longest period (1,681 days) in the history of Japanese democracy to date, declared 3370:

The defeat of 1905 led in the short term to Russian military reforms that allowed it to face Germany in World War I.

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newspaper, citing concerns about the possibility of the British giving away Russian positions to the Japanese fleet.

1547:. China objected and war ensued. Hostilities proved brief, with Japanese ground troops routing Chinese forces on the 8655: 7724: 7619: 2893: 1482:

Tsarist Russia, as a major imperial power, had ambitions in the East. By the 1890s it had extended its realm across

12024: 11960: 11785: 11698: 11328: 11313: 11308: 11023: 10782: 10715: 10504: 10324: 10319: 8701: 8626: 8568: 8480: 8428: 7891:"Schiff, Jacob Henry". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1928–1936. pp. 430–432. 1631:

great strategic value. A year later, to consolidate their position, the Russians began to build a new railway from

1428:, the Meiji elite found themselves faced with a people who clamored for war, and regarded diplomacy as a weakness. 1044: 918: 7790:

Sherman, A.J. (January 1983). "German-Jewish Bankers in World Politics, The Financing of the Russo-Japanese War".

4364:(1906). Two other English-language stories begin with the action at Port Arthur and follow the events thereafter: 3490:

Military operations on both sea and land showed that modern warfare had undergone a considerable change since the

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Lyman, Stanford M. (Summer 2000). "The "Yellow Peril" Mystique: Origins and Vicissitudes of a Racist Discourse".

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The Russo-Japanese War was covered by dozens of foreign journalists who sent back sketches that were turned into

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in late August, the northern Russian force that might have been able to relieve Port Arthur retreated to Mukden (

1706:

in 1900. Left to right: Britain, United States, Australia, India, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Japan.

1556: 1526:, from 1894 to 1895. The war revolved around the issue of control and influence over Korea under the rule of the 1498:

to the port of Vladivostok, Russia hoped to further consolidate its influence and presence in the region. In the

740: 12317: 5052: 3011:

decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians suffered an estimated 90,000 casualties in the battle.

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by Willis Boyd Allen (1855–1938). Two more also involve young men fighting in the Japanese navy: Americans in

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message looks forward to a time when the Tsarist masters will be defeated in Europe as they had been in Asia.

3206:

Both sides accepted the offer of United States President Theodore Roosevelt to mediate. Meetings were held in

2726:

At approximately 12:15, the battleship fleets obtained visual contact with each other, and at 13:00 with Tōgō

2484:

to block the harbour entrance during the night of 3–4 May also failed. In March, the charismatic Vice Admiral

2459:

sent a detachment of 17,000 soldiers to support Russia. By the end of April, the Japanese Imperial Army under

1873:, presented to the Japanese government the Russian counter proposal as the basis of negotiations, as follows: 13794: 13789: 13665: 12911: 12300: 12051: 11780: 11606: 11601: 11556: 11318: 10748: 10663: 10653: 10269: 9727: 9175: 6069: 4635: 4160: 4077:

colonial stake in the area. War photographs were also popular, appearing in both the press and in book form.

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The Russians also began to make inroads into Korea. A large point of Russia's growing influence in Korea was

1331: 1303: 795: 58: 7006:"Major Fukushima Yasumasa and his Influence on the Japanese Perception of Poland at the Turn of the Century" 6311: 3704:, which became an autonomous and increasingly powerful regional force. Only five years after the war, Japan 3499:

for such losses. This also left its impression on society at large, with the emergence of transnational and

1448:, they did seek to appropriate some of the demands of the "people's rights" movement by allowing an elected 12972: 12817: 12691: 12377: 12347: 12342: 12283: 12172: 12167: 12135: 12076: 11997: 11955: 11838: 11298: 11169: 10628: 10569: 10559: 9125: 8878: 8110:

performed by the Red Army Choir under the direction of Gennady Sachenyuk (in Russian with English subtext).

3500: 3273: 2550:, were lured into a recently laid Russian minefield off Port Arthur, each striking at least two mines. The 1068: 7005: 2679:

on 25 May 1904, were marked by heavy Japanese losses largely from attacking entrenched Russian positions.

1575:

palace, an act that backfired badly as it turned Korean public opinion against Japan. In early 1896, King

1424:("way of the warrior"), the fierce code of the samurai. Having indoctrinated the younger generations into 13749: 13176: 13088: 12847: 12778: 12512: 12495: 12367: 12236: 12204: 12140: 12029: 11920: 11905: 11741: 10978: 10797: 10668: 8911: 8387: 8159: 7821: 7254: 5671: 5475: 4782: 3926: 3289: 3098:, the two trailing hospital ships had continued to burn their lights, which were spotted by the Japanese 2939: 2745: 2670:

became the first major land battle of the war; Japanese troops stormed a Russian position led by General

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would come to Russia's assistance if war should come. In fact, neither Wilhelm nor his Chancellor Prince

315: 75: 10212: 7757:. The Suntory Centre – Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines – 7532:

Crowley, David (January 2008). "Seeing Japan, Imagining Poland: Polish art and the Russo-Japanese war".

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by Harry Collingwood, the pen-name of William Joseph Cosens Lancaster (1851–1922), whose speciality was

13779: 13774: 13603: 12879: 12852: 12412: 11950: 11940: 11910: 11900: 11515: 11455: 11260: 11229: 10249: 7829: 7758: 7263: 6085: 4792: 4369: 4318: 4244:

I saw the silent trains the black trains returning from the Far East and passing like phantoms ...

3731:

hair to the Imperial Japanese Navy, judging its performance then as on a par with Britain's victory at

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Korean National Identity under Japanese Colonial Rule: Yi Gwangsu and the March First Movement of 1919

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Japanese general, Kuroki, and his staff, including foreign officers and war correspondents after the

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taxation by the government to finance the war. Without them, they were at a loss. The outcome of the

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most decisive land battle ever fought by the Japanese, the final victory still depended on the navy.

2958:. With the onset of the severe Manchurian winter, there had been no major land engagements since the 2502: 2432:, the heaviest battleships in Russia's Far Eastern theatre, and the 6,600 ton protected cruiser 1899:

Recognition by Japan of Manchuria and its littoral as in all respects outside her sphere of interest.

1813: 1490:, absorbing local states in the process. The Russian Empire stretched from Poland in the west to the 148: 11081: 10371: 10098:

van der Oye, David Schimmelpenninck. "Rewriting the Russo-Japanese War: A Centenary Retrospective."

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Russia's war effort was funded primarily by France, in a series of loans totalling 800 million

3510:

It has also been argued that the conflict had characteristics of what was later to be described as "

1368:

during the Russo-Japanese War. It follows the design used for a similar map first published in 1877.

13708: 13078: 12744: 12679: 12392: 12098: 11673: 11477: 11333: 11116: 11063: 11011: 10633: 10461: 10262: 9861: 8945:

The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear—A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5

7047: 5535: 4441: 3968: 3713: 3390: 2759: 2688: 2559: 2444: 2363: 1465: 1318:

willingness early on to agree to an armistice and rejected the idea of bringing the dispute to the

1116: 937: 705: 134: 10127: 4193:

Some Japanese poetry dealing with the war has remained popular more than a century later. General

3649:, since Turkey and Britain would not waive the relevant clauses. The Berlin treaty superseded the 1980: 1531:

1884, a pro-Japanese coup attempt was put down by Chinese troops, and a "residency" under General

996: 925: 13588: 13141: 13131: 13073: 13013: 12859: 12686: 12669: 12305: 12034: 11653: 11156: 11033: 10963: 10772: 10524: 10451: 10229: 9880:

Russian Imperialism and Naval Power: Military Strategy and the Build-Up to the Russo-Japanese War

9538: 8226: 7983: 4171: 3674: 3642: 3544: 2853: 2720: 2641: 2640:

Even before the war, British and Japanese intelligence had co-operated against Russia due to the

1781: 1749: 1640: 1611: 1523: 1408: 1344: 1282: 1110: 1080: 1062: 1056: 873: 868: 863: 65: 20: 8234: 6972:"TERRIBLE SCENES IN POLAND.; Men Ordered to the War Kill Their Children -- Wives Commit Suicide" 4314: 4233:

was later to represent himself as on a Russian train on its way to Manchuria at the time in his

3857: 3543:

saw the victory as a challenge to western supremacy. This was reflected in Austria, where Baron

3198: 3040: 2900: 2413: 499: 13764: 13754: 13660: 13169: 12932: 12869: 12652: 12507: 12182: 11703: 11638: 10873: 10837: 10813: 10710: 10695: 10544: 10456: 10181: 9802: 9040:

The uses of 'friendship': The 'personal regime' of Wilhelm II and Theodore Roosevelt, 1901–1909

7653: 6691: 6685: 4666: 4536: 4332:

Various aspects of the war were also common in contemporary children's fiction. Categorised as

4156: 3915: 3828: 3099: 2417: 2326: 2322: 1865:

This agreement to supplant all previous arrangements between Japan and Russia respecting Korea.

1591: 1587: 1495: 1461: 1299: 1295: 1032: 984: 692: 71: 11895: 10169: 10166:, Database of Russian Army Jewish soldiers injured, killed, or missing in action from the war. 6879: 6788: 6192: 2954:, the Japanese 3rd Army could continue northward to reinforce positions south of Russian-held 2580: 2373:

favoured the Japanese position and even offered military aid, but Japan declined it. However,

13682: 13018: 12874: 12696: 12606: 12437: 12397: 12157: 12086: 11535: 10897: 10359: 10143: 10050: 9853: 9421:

Cox, Gary P. (January 2006). "The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero".

8533: 7252:

Heale, M.J. (April 2009). "Anatomy of a Scare: Yellow Peril Politics in America, 1980–1993".

6181:, Oxford University Press, (1918), p. 43 (Title II – On Good Offices and Mediation) Article 2 4859: 4690:), a joint Japan-Russia co-production, which was based on the true story of a prison camp in 4432: 4283:

Fictional coverage of the war in English began even before it was over. An early example was

3954: 3947: 3904: 3850: 3448: 3261: 2439: 2395: 2359: 1902:

This agreement to supplant all previous agreements between Russia and Japan respecting Korea.

1877:

Mutual engagement to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Korean Empire.

1711: 1703: 1663: 1560: 1449: 1314: 1285:

in 1895, Japan had feared Russian encroachment would interfere with its plans to establish a

1122: 1104: 760: 755: 697: 687: 228: 10245: 7645: 7581: 7417: 3548:

Japanese "Yellow Peril" would require drastic changes to society and sexuality in the West.

1809: 1698: 806: 13023: 12942: 12937: 12657: 11970: 11643: 11540: 11510: 11028: 10852: 10842: 10354: 8760: 6769: 4659: 4639: 4626: 4001: 3961: 3678: 3401: 3386: 3309: 3219: 3192: 3141: 2784: 2772: 2585: 2575: 2566:, failed. By the end of the month, Japanese artillery were firing shells into the harbour. 1327: 1014: 1002: 770: 765: 720: 382: 50: 8790: 8252: 6058: 4206:'s parting poem to her brother as he left for the war, which includes the critical lines: 3159: 1933:

pressure and threat of the massive Russian army!). Whereupon, Russia took Port Arthur and

8: 13003: 12812: 12766: 12737: 12545: 12475: 12332: 11860: 11795: 11566: 11255: 11202: 11175: 11165: 11111: 11106: 11091: 10968: 10792: 10471: 10466: 10349: 10192: 9807: 9687:

Dower, John W., Throwing off Asia III, Woodblock prints of the Russo-Japanese War, 2008,

9188: 8940: 8128: 7214: 4491: 4478: 4396: 4176: 4101: 3940: 3877: 3815: 3800: 3795: 3732: 3717: 3658: 3491: 3379: 3293: 3103: 2645: 2593: 2518:

On 15 April 1904, the Russian government made overtures threatening to seize the British

2475: 2344:

Russia declared war on Japan eight days later. Japan, in response, made reference to the

1568: 1564: 1491: 1291: 1286: 990: 878: 750: 144: 11043: 10045:(Newbury, MA, 2000), the catalogue of the show at the Sackler Gallery in Washington, DC, 8746: 8678: 8344: 8193: 8077: 7114: 6336: 6315: 4698:, during the war. The movie is centered around the romance between a Russian officer, a 4100:

War artists were to be found on the Russian side and even figured among the casualties.

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Meanwhile, the Russians were preparing to reinforce their Far East Fleet by sending the

2348:

without declaration of war, although the requirement to mediate disputes between states

523: 13567: 13422: 13412: 13136: 13068: 12947: 12864: 12842: 12822: 12788: 12535: 12517: 12470: 12452: 12432: 11823: 11721: 11693: 11576: 11561: 11224: 11161: 10953: 10494: 10064: 9951:

The Battle of Tsu-shima: Between the Japanese and Russian Fleets, Fought on 27 May 1905

9512: 9479: 9454: 9438: 9016: 8999: 8962: 7984:"State Historical Museum Opens 'The Year 1812 in the Paintings by Vasily Vereshchagin'" 7874: 7549: 7318: 7283: 7275: 7234: 7226: 6321: 4527: 4508: 4503: 4482: 4447: 4349: 4348:

viewed from the Russian side. Three more were written by the prolific American author,

4325: 4036: 4008: 3990: 3869: 3804: 3724: 3474: 3024: 3008: 2981: 2805:

therefore deserved to be punished. The Russian troops were gripped by the fear of the "

2612: 2318: 1790: 1607: 1548: 1335: 1323: 1228: 1050: 775: 725: 715: 241: 12556: 10211: 10198: 9329: 7822:"The Limits of Financial Power: Japanese Foreign Borrowing and the Russo-Japanese War" 6125: 5333: 4400: 4399:, either fuelled by racialist fears or generated by the international power struggle. 4133:), which evokes the melancholy of standing watch on the motherland far east frontier. 4081: 4064: 2628:

military command, all of whom disagreed with the decision. Stessel was convicted by a

13670: 13537: 13527: 13206: 13123: 13108: 12984: 12952: 12906: 12442: 12382: 12189: 12115: 12093: 11992: 11870: 11683: 11663: 11658: 11648: 11483: 11265: 10958: 10938: 10705: 10334: 10088: 10076:

Hamby, Joel E. "Striking the Balance: Strategy and Force in the Russo-Japanese War."

9999: 9930: 9912: 9883: 9844: 9823: 9793: 9779: 9760: 9735: 9677: 9650: 9631: 9612: 9593: 9572: 9542: 9519: 9496: 9471: 9467: 9442: 9407: 9384: 9339: 9303: 9279: 9260: 9241: 9153: 9097: 9076: 9057: 8983: 8977: 8948: 8926: 8858: 8365: 8311: 7833: 7657: 7646: 7545: 7500: 7459: 7374: 7349: 7326: 7287: 7238: 7013: 6979: 6938: 6735: 6695: 6556: 6478: 6257: 6154: 5971: 5961: 5936: 5926: 5885: 5875: 5850: 5840: 5810: 5800: 5775: 5765: 5737: 5727: 5617: 5343: 5193: 4914: 4853: 4831: 4485:. A much later Russian genre novel uses the period of the war as background. This is 4181: 4022: 3933: 3885: 3765: 3761: 3441: 3375: 3300:

Sources do not agree on a precise number of deaths from the war because of a lack of

3265: 3245: 2977: 2971: 2789: 2780: 2676: 2624: 2611:

Meanwhile, attempts to relieve the besieged city by land also failed, and, after the

2519: 2334: 2058: 2050: 1839: 1794: 1603: 1499: 1445: 1373: 1278: 1146: 1134: 1086: 1038: 908: 785: 745: 253: 10414: 9587: 9147: 9123:

Katō, Yōko (April 2007). "What Caused the Russo-Japanese War: Korea or Manchuria?".

7394: 4747: 3603: 2783:

in the course of a seven-month odyssey that was to attract worldwide attention. The

451: 13562: 13118: 12998: 12793: 12727: 12674: 12616: 12427: 12372: 12278: 12019: 11790: 11760: 11726: 11571: 11406: 11126: 10847: 10519: 9904: 9463: 9430: 9134: 9008: 7865:"British Assistance to the Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–5". 7799: 7755:

On the Periphery of the Russo-Japanese War Part 1 – Discussion Paper N. IS/2004/475

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over a century after his death. The Russian command still used strategies from the

1801: 1745: 1522:

The first major war the Empire of Japan fought following the Meiji Restoration was

1456: 1404: 1274: 1098: 1074: 790: 710: 439: 352: 331: 303: 291: 257: 106: 54: 11381: 9338:. Translated by Sheila de Bellaigue & Roy Bridge. Cambridge University Press. 8282: 3215: 3167: 1851:

above defined, subject, however, to the provisions of article I of this agreement.

1741: 901: 278: 13713: 13482: 13462: 13437: 13392: 13291: 13261: 13241: 13231: 13098: 13093: 12761: 12621: 12601: 12447: 12194: 12046: 12014: 11688: 11668: 11426: 11131: 11053: 10973: 10446: 10285: 10188: 10157: 9972: 9949: 9819: 9695: 9559:

Before Port Arthur in a Destroyer; The Personal Diary of a Japanese Naval Officer

9452:

Steinberg, John W. (January 2008). "Was the Russo-Japanese War World War Zero?".

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The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War

9182: 9091: 9032: 8821: 8734: 8461: 8259: 8213: 8200: 8180: 8107: 8086: 8065: 8054: 7569: 7453: 7424: 7401: 6729: 6715: 6546: 6245: 6161: 6065: 6038: 5611: 5337: 5187: 4908: 4699: 4292: 4264: 4230: 4109: 4015: 3787: 3753: 3709: 3688: 3638: 3598: 3482: 3436: 3355: 3249: 3171: 3124: 3090:, as well as cruisers, destroyers and other auxiliaries for a total of 38 ships. 3069: 2959: 2698: 2620: 2563: 2492: 2460: 1831: 1786: 1644: 1576: 1365: 1247: 1212: 883: 839: 780: 475: 348: 273: 201: 11048: 10218: 9867:, which was captured at Tsushima). London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. (1936). 7045:

Lerski, Jerzy J. (November 1959). "A Polish Chapter of the Russo-Japanese War".

1908: 1737: 1724: 511: 415: 13718: 13629: 13624: 13347: 13276: 13211: 13042: 12889: 12771: 12756: 12664: 12626: 12530: 12357: 12120: 12110: 11487: 11376: 11270: 11096: 11086: 10943: 10907: 10329: 10175: 10163: 10113: 9716: 9557: 9293: 7803: 4752: 4613: 4577: 4496: 4470: 4337: 4250:

And at Khilok we encountered a long convoy of soldiers who had lost their minds

4180:, completed in 1907. Although it was ostensibly based on a verse fairy tale by 4117: 3666: 3620: 3582: 3553: 3350: 3336: 3269: 3183: 3108: 3080: 2727: 2694: 2649: 2485: 2456: 2400: 1473:

people, that is, from those who are at the receiving end of oppression at home.

1307: 1216: 1128: 327: 180: 11411: 11386: 9647:

The Last Century of Sea Power: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922, Volume 1

8173: 8098: 7271: 7222: 5940: 5889: 5814: 4499:

is charged with protecting the Trans-Siberian Railway from Japanese sabotage.

3175: 2362:

also declared war on Japan in gratitude for Russia's political support of the

13743: 13723: 13598: 13583: 13512: 13452: 13367: 13192: 13035: 13030: 12701: 12611: 12490: 12327: 11965: 10902: 10623: 10613: 10441: 10406: 9475: 8997:

Esthus, Raymond A. (October 1981). "Nicholas II and the Russo-Japanese War".

6983: 6023: 5530: 4878:"Mid-Range Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century – Russo-Japanese War" 4720: 4631: 4223: 4194: 3820: 3701: 3557: 3321: 3313: 2629: 1659: 1598:, but in Japan this was perceived as an anti-Japanese move. Germany occupied 1572: 1552: 1251: 1224: 1140: 463: 402: 11003: 8510: 7747: 6822: 5975: 5854: 5779: 5741: 4835: 427: 13467: 13427: 12246: 11770: 11736: 11491: 10499: 10376: 10061:

Russia against Japan, 1904–1905 : a new look at the Russo-Japanese War

9745: 9194:"Reflections, Historic and Other, Suggested by the Battle of the Japan Sea" 7330: 7186: 7150: 5920: 5869: 5794: 4734: 4654: 4486: 4451: 4333: 4284: 4260: 4203: 4145: 4040: 3994: 3983: 3972: 3919: 3908: 3873: 3846: 3670: 3532: 3400:

Some political leaders of the Polish insurrection movement (in particular,

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attack on the Russian ships at Port Arthur. The attack heavily damaged the

2370: 1817: 1757: 1599: 1540: 1483: 1263: 1240: 852: 487: 369: 110: 12007: 11073: 10690: 10232:, Lyrics, translation and melody of the song "On the hills of Manchuria" ( 9908: 9434: 9138: 8424:

The International Spy – Being the secret history of the Russo-Japanese War

7115:"Privy Council minutes on ratification of the Russo-Japanese Peace Treaty" 6848: 5677: 5336:(2008). "Uncle and nephew: Edward VII and the 'encirclement' of Germany". 4877: 4198: 4113: 2951: 1732:(elder statesmen) who made up the Meiji oligarchy, Itō Hirobumi and Count 1259: 13703: 13593: 13477: 13457: 13447: 13377: 13372: 13306: 13256: 13226: 13150: 13113: 13083: 13047: 12978: 12963: 12807: 12352: 12081: 12002: 11935: 11765: 11146: 10700: 10240:

Google Map with battles of Russo-Japanese War and other important events.

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The Rocky Road to the Great War: the Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914.

5955: 5834: 5759: 5721: 4772: 4589: 4502:

The main historical novel dealing with the war from the Japanese side is

4381: 3864:(£24.5 million) from Germany, who also financed Japan's war effort. 3757: 3745: 3697: 3593: 3562: 3452: 3155: 2706: 2603: 2374: 2345: 2054: 1987: 1870: 1822: 1733: 1681: 1672: 1532: 1487: 1392: 1339: 1255: 1164: 1152: 963: 947: 9483: 8852: 8695: 8649: 8620: 8562: 8474: 8422: 7878: 7279: 7230: 6225: 4702:, and a Japanese nurse who find themselves on opposing sides of the war. 3048: 37: 13547: 13492: 13432: 13362: 13352: 13286: 13271: 12783: 12749: 12387: 12337: 12256: 12125: 10948: 10564: 10052:

The Japan-Russia war: an illustrated history of the war in the Far East

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Japanese military currency (1894–1918) § Russo-Japanese War (1904)

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Der Russisch-Japanische Krieg 1904/05 im Spiegel deutscher Bilderbogen

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Dreams of a German Europe: Wilhelm II and the Treaty of Björkö of 1905

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Under the Ensign of the Rising Sun – A Story of the Russo-Japanese War

8014:"War Lasted 18 Months; Biggest Battle Known... Russian Miscalculation" 4431:

Most Russian fictional accounts of the war had a documentary element.

4271:(2000). This follows the voyage of the Russian Imperial Navy flagship 4239:(1913) and energetically evoked the results of the war along the way: 2701:

was appointed commander of the battle fleet and was ordered to make a

1676:." By 1898 they had acquired mining and forestry concessions near the 1364:

This anti-Russian satirical map was produced by a Japanese student at

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Socialist Korea: A Case Study in the Strategy of Economic Development

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which had prevented the fleet from leaving the Black Sea through the

3511: 3504: 3478: 3284: 2530: 2523: 2507:, slipped out of port but struck Japanese mines off Port Arthur. The 1952: 1924: 1643:. The development of the railway became a contributory factor to the 1627: 1539:

religious movement led to a request by the Korean government for the

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in 1970, translated into English by David Brown and Antony Preston.

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At the Fall of Port Arthur, or a young American in the Japanese navy

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Gwynn, Stephen, ed. (1929). "Spring Rice to Robert H. M. Ferguson".

2842: 1983:, was recalled, and Japan severed diplomatic relations with Russia. 1971: 13557: 13517: 13417: 13357: 13326: 13321: 13311: 13281: 13221: 12540: 12402: 11354: 10787: 10478: 10422: 10150: 10043:

A Well-Watched War: Images from the Russo-Japanese Front, 1904–1905

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The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perceptions, Power, and Primacy

9012: 6651:"Text of Treaty; Signed by the Emperor of Japan and Czar of Russia" 6552: 4254:

And amputated limbs danced about or soared through the raucous air

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and agreed to evacuate Manchuria. Japan would annex Korea in 1910 (

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sank while under tow towards Korea for repairs. On 23 June 1904, a

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Wilhelm aggressively encouraged Russia's ambitions in Asia because

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opposed the idea of war against Russia on financial grounds, while

1232: 10254: 10191:, Russo-Japanese Relations in the Far East. Meeting of Frontiers ( 9589:

The Tide at Sunrise, A History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905

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The Kaiser – New Research on Wilhelm II's Role in Imperial Germany

8747:"The New Dominion: A Tale of To-morrow's Wars / Arthur W. Kipling" 7694: 6880:"4 facts about the war in which Russia didn't win a single battle" 6261: 6193:"4 facts about the war in which Russia didn't win a single battle" 5053:"The Growth of European and Japanese Dominions in Asia since 1801" 3610:

The significance of the war was clear too for Socialist thinkers:

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eventually shifting from China to Japan. American figures such as

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On the night of 8 February 1904, the Japanese fleet under Admiral

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The Tsar's Last Armada: The Epic Voyage to the Battle of Tsushima

9840: 8043: 6126:"Laws of War: Opening of Hostilities (Hague III) 18 October 1907" 5396: 4309: 4085: 3684: 3317: 3002:

An illustration of a Japanese assault during the Battle of Mukden

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During the fighting in Manchuria, there were Russian troops that

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In the pesthouses I saw gaping gashes wounds bleeding full blast

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was made international law in 1899, and again in 1907, with the

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Russia had pursued an expansionist policy east of the Urals, in

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Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context

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Building The Mosquito Fleet, The US Navy's First Torpedo Boats

8791:"The Australian Crisis [novel by C. H. Kirmess, 1909]" 8151: 6130:

Yale Law School – Lillian Goldman Law Library – Avalon Project

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The Letters and Friendships of Sir Cecil Spring Rice: A Record

6032:"The Korean-Japanese Dispute over Dokdo/Takeshima," p. 62 n207 4395:

Another literary genre affected by the outcome of the war was

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Under Togo for Japan, or Three Young Americans on Land and Sea

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In Russia, the war was covered by anonymous satirical graphic

3178:. The large conference table is today preserved at the Museum 1760:" propaganda by the German government, and the German Emperor 1347:, and severely damaged the prestige of the Russian autocracy. 13442: 13397: 13251: 10574: 9569:

The Short Victorious War: The Russo-Japanese Conflict, 1904-5

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Russian Battleship vs Japanese Battleship, Yellow Sea 1904–05

8275:"Thou Shalt Not Die: Yosano Akiko and the Russo-Japanese War" 8154:[Rudolf Greintz. 'On Deck, Comrades, All on Deck!']. 7346:

Iran and Russian Imperialism: The Ideal Anarchists, 1800–1914

6823:"Montenegro, Japan end 100 years' war | History News Network" 5384: 3681:

campaigns also led to a large number of Japanese casualties.

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These engagements provided cover for a Japanese landing near

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The Russians and the Japanese both contributed troops to the

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The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero

9364: 7192: 7156: 6906: 6789:"Social Prot est in Imperial Japan: The Hibiya Riot of 1905" 6731:

The Treaty of Portsmouth: An Adventure in American Diplomacy

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with drafting the text of the Japanese declaration of war –

5683: 5531:"The Russo-Japanese War: Primary Causes of Japanese Success" 5142: 5057:

University of Texas – Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection

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sank within minutes, taking 450 sailors with her, while the

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in this port. Between 1897 and 1903, the Russians built the

1262:, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by the 13331: 8979:

The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea

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Rising sun and tumbling bear : Russia's war with Japan

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Rising sun and tumbling bear : Russia's war with Japan

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Rising sun and tumbling bear : Russia's war with Japan

5723:

Rising sun and tumbling bear : Russia's war with Japan

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La prose du Transsibérien et de la Petite Jehanne de France

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Getsuzō's woodblock print of "The Battle of Liaoyang", 1904

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refused to allow it; instead, Maresuke mentored the future

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In 1897, Russia occupied the Liaodong Peninsula, built the

9096:. Essential Histories. Wellingborough: Osprey Publishing. 7429: 6912: 6630: 5994:"Multiple perspectives in novel on the Russo-Japanese War" 5230: 5189:

International Relations and the Origins of the Pacific War

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In Europe, subject populations were similarly encouraged.

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Postcard of political satire during the Russo-Japanese War

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The Japanese hired Chinese bandits known variously as the

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by the Russian squadron, now under the command of Admiral

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own government for not taking any action. On 28 July 1903

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of 1861 Russia had directly assaulted Japanese territory.

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remained ice-free and operational only during the summer;

7748:"British Naval Estimation of Japan and Russia, 1894–1905" 6970:

TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (18 December 1904).

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Mowry, George E. (November 1946). "The First Roosevelt".

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His Imperial Majesty would not come out to fight ...

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also reacted to the war by composing the satirical opera

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Military attachés and observers in the Russo-Japanese War

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of World War I. A German military advisor sent to Japan,

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favored war. Meanwhile, Japan and Britain had signed the

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was established in Seoul. A peasant rebellion led by the

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European Review of History – Revue européenne d'histoire

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of 1894–1895. However, his over-reliance on infantry in

1227:. The major theatres of military operations were in the 12586: 9674:

Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905

9628:

The Russo-Japanese War in Cultural Perspective, 1904-05

8761:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Banzai!, by Parabellum" 8503:"The Russo-Japanese War and Boys Own Adventure Stories" 7894: 7607:. Vol. 20, no. 181 (n.s.). Paris. p. 1c. 7207:

International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society

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The Great Siege: The Investment and Fall of Port Arthur

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The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907

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Naval Postgraduate School (US) thesis: Na, Sang Hyung.

5372: 5016: 4462:), covered the same journey round the world to defeat. 4440:, based on his own experiences on board the battleship 3047:

After a stopover of several weeks at the minor port of

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during the siege of Port Arthur in April 1904, Admiral

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Japanese assault on the entrenched Russian forces, 1904

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Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941

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Russo-Japanese Naval War 1904–1905: Battle of Tsushima

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Splendid Monarchy: Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan

7416:, Asian Educational Services reprint, New Delhi 1999, 6690:. New York and London: Monthly Review Press. pp. 6615:

83#4 (Dec 2019 ) pp. 1133–1160, quoting pp. 1136–1137.

6210: 5960:. R. M. Connaughton. London: Cassell. pp. 28–30. 5839:. R. M. Connaughton. London: Cassell. pp. 25–28. 5764:. R. M. Connaughton. London: Cassell. pp. 23–24. 5726:. R. M. Connaughton. London: Cassell. pp. 22–23. 5689: 5564: 5562: 5425: 5423: 5339:

Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941

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Russian Imperialism in Asia and the Russo-Japanese War

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is dramatised in the second episode of this TV series.

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Nichiro sensō shōri no hishi: Tekichū ōdan sanbyaku-ri

3158:, Plancon; and the Japanese at near side of table are 2715:, Vitgeft proceeded to lead his six battleships, four 2709:. Flying his flag in the French-built pre-dreadnought 1219:

during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in

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Japanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands

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Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

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at the Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection

8925:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 41–55. 8916:. [Washington? D.C., Gibson brothers? printers. 1904. 8651:

The North Pacific – A Story of the Russo-Japanese War

8593:

Under the Mikado's Flag, or Young Soldiers of Fortune

8152:"Rudolf Greins. 'Auf Deck, Kameraden, All Auf Deck!'" 6782: 6780: 6429: 6417: 6357: 6345: 5642: 5591: 5285: 4942: 3727:, Japan's erstwhile British ally presented a lock of 3665:

Russian and Japanese troops, were a precursor to the

3226:. Witte became Russian Prime Minister the same year. 10038:, Deutsches Institut für Japanstudien Tokyo, (2005). 9996:

The Imperial Japanese Navy of the Russo-Japanese War

9676:. (1994) Originally classified, and in two volumes, 9514:

Japan and the Decline of the West in Asia, 1894–1943

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A Soldier of Japan: a tale of the Russo-Japanese War

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At Talga 100,000 wounded were dying for lack of care

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had to be towed back to port for extensive repairs.

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forced Japan to withdraw from the Liaodong Peninsula

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23 August] 1905), mediated by US President

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List of warships sunk during the Russo-Japanese War

4612:(1983, 日本海大海戦・海ゆかば, Nihonkai-Daikasen: Umi Yukaba) 9725:Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945. 9723:Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Dieter Jung, Peter Mickel. 9511: 9192: 7069: 6777: 6649: 6520:The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser 6246:"The Progress of the World – Japan's Swift Action" 5254: 5111: 4964:" by Frederick W. Rose (publisher not identified). 4824:Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War 4136:Two others grew out of incidents during the war. " 3771: 3637:Russia had lost two of its three fleets. Only its 74:, Japanese dead at Port Arthur, Japanese infantry 9896: 9872:The Japanese Oligarchy and the Russo-Japanese War 9776:Baron Kaneko and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05) 7826:Great Powers and Little Wars: The Limits of Power 6280: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 4495:(2003), in the first part of which the detective 4384:, and a temporarily disgraced English officer in 3354:was particularly true in the eyes of Germany and 3349:This was the first major military victory in the 3268:dispatched the Vice-Minister of Foreign affairs ( 1869:On 3 October 1903 the Russian minister to Japan, 13741: 12289:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944) 11619:List of battles involving the Russian Federation 11432:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 9562:. Translated by Robert Grant. London: J. Murray. 9259:. Vol. 2. Sandomierz, Poland: Stratus s.c. 8303: 8121:"Ilya Shatrov: On the Hills of Manchuria, Waltz" 7815: 7813: 7785: 7783: 7759:London School of Economics and Political Science 7133: 7003: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5035: 5033: 5031: 4812: 1266:of China from 1897, was operational year round. 12408:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts 12323:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) 11402:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 9877: 9757:Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War 9236:Mombauer, Annika; Deist, Wilhelm, eds. (2003). 9168:Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War 8310:. University of California Press. p. 126. 8272: 8079:Chuliengcheng. In a glorious death eternal life 7064: 7062: 7010:The Japanese and Europe: Images and Perceptions 6937:. Stanford University Press. pp. 157–158. 6498: 6496: 6494: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6338:Human bullets, a soldier's story of Port Arthur 6041:December 2007, citing Byang-Ryull Kim. (2006). 5581: 5579: 5577: 5524: 5522: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 3825:William Gustavus Nicholson, 1st Baron Nicholson 3764:. The naval war confirmed the direction of the 3653:of 1841, which had been favourable to Russia. 1656:Gojong's internal exile to the Russian legation 1403:As part of the modernization process in Japan, 1302:at Port Arthur, China, on 9 February [ 1298:opened hostilities in a surprise attack on the 10391: 9555: 9398:Steinberg, John W.; et al., eds. (2005). 9037: 8385: 7951: 7912: 7493:"United States of Asia, James Joyce and Japan" 6902: 6900: 6298: 6231: 6090:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 402–406. 5402: 5390: 5296: 5266: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5075: 4671: 4638:the Japanese surprise attack that started the 4567: 3202:Japan-Russia Treaty of Peace, 5 September 1905 2529:into war zones to report for the London-based 1756:The 1890s and 1900s marked the height of the " 1313:Although Russia suffered a number of defeats, 13177: 12572: 12262:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940) 11463: 10270: 9235: 9229: 9045: 8359: 7947: 7945: 7824:. In Hamish Ion, A.; Errington, E.J. (eds.). 7810: 7780: 7071:"Japan's Present Crisis and Her Constitution" 6047:The Plunder of Dokdo by the Japanese Military 5094: 5028: 4821: 4681: 3517: 2788:while the larger battleships went around the 1188: 822: 649: 10085:Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Man And His Letters 10041:Sharf, Frederick A. and James T. Ulak, eds. 9365:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David (2005). 8680:For the Mikado or a Japanese Middy in Action 8472: 7059: 7048:Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 6491: 6441: 5574: 5519: 5500: 5481: 4991: 4847: 4845: 4424:and then revised it for book publication as 4413:The New Dominion – A Tale of Tomorrow's Wars 4269:The Donkey's Ears: Politovsky's Letters Home 4155:The second song, "Variag", commemorates the 3358:before World War I. Russia was France's and 1477: 1455:In 1884, Japan had encouraged a coup in the 12215:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930) 12210:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929) 10754:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 9626:Wells, David; Wilson, Sandra, eds. (1999). 9625: 8939: 8693: 8618: 8589: 8248: 7721:U.S. Army Command and General Staff College 7716:The Russo-Japanese War, Lessons Not Learned 7435: 7343: 7101: 6897: 6636: 6624: 6399: 6387: 6112: 5953: 5832: 5757: 5719: 5236: 5148: 5123: 4592:, depiction of the naval Battle of Tsushima 3569:the war was a subject of conversation when 2682: 2404:Japanese infantry during the occupation of 1431: 13184: 13170: 12579: 12565: 11531:Military history of the Russian Federation 11470: 11456: 10277: 10263: 9897:Patrikeeff, Felix; Shukman, Harry (2007). 9774:Matsumura Masayoshi, Ian Ruxton (trans.), 8967:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7942: 6934:The Revolution of 1905: Russia in Disarray 6310: 5668:Correspondence Regarding Negotiations 1904 5472:Correspondence Regarding Negotiations 1904 5449:Correspondence Regarding Negotiations 1904 5059:. Cartography by Velhagen & Klasings. 4275:to its sinking at the Battle of Tsushima. 3627:, May 1–8, 1904 (translator: Mitch Abidor) 3464: 3272:) with a personal letter from him for the 2470: 1494:in the east. With its construction of the 1281:in the 16th century. Since the end of the 1254:both for its navy and for maritime trade. 1195: 1181: 829: 815: 656: 642: 11781:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689) 11152:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 10767:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 9451: 8625:. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. 7900: 7598: 7451: 7300: 7180: 7168: 7144: 6683: 6516:"The Forlorn Hope of the Armada. April 1" 4948: 4913:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. 4882:Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century 4875: 4842: 3447:As a result, the wartime government, the 3331: 2927:Learn how and when to remove this message 2754: 2705:from Port Arthur and deploy his force to 2341:, it left the Tsar "almost incredulous". 1355: 10540:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 10141: 9644: 9532: 9490: 8819: 8216:performed by Maxim Troshin (in Russian). 7712: 7700: 7676: 7643: 7617: 7393:Sun Yat-sen's speech on Pan-Asianism at 7373:. Stanford University Press. p. 9. 5991: 4871: 4869: 4852:Dumas, S.; Vedel-Petersen, K.O. (1923). 4604:), depiction of the Siege of Port Arthur 4308: 4063: 3781: 3683: 3521: 3468: 3389:, and where Russian rule already caused 3335: 3283: 3197: 3145: 3028: 2997: 2938: 2758: 2636:Anglo–Japanese intelligence co-operation 2602: 2579: 2474: 2399: 2389: 1970: 1697: 1649:Boxer forces burned the railway stations 1518:surrender to the Japanese, October 1894. 1509: 1359: 1350: 933:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936) 874:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895) 171: 89:8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905 11742:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747) 11612:List of wars involving the Soviet Union 10207:, by Robert Marquand, 30 December 2005. 10110:International Journal of Korean History 9970: 9947: 9860:. (An account from a seaman aboard the 9378: 9254: 9051: 8920: 8654:. New York City: E.P. Dutton & Co. 8507:The Russo-Japanese War Research Society 7789: 7531: 6849:"Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls" 6435: 6423: 6411: 6375: 6363: 6351: 6334: 5918: 5867: 5792: 4634:'s role in providing intelligence that 4616:reprises his role as Admiral Togo from 4215:How could He possibly make them believe 3827:, who was later to become chief of the 3477:: Transport of wounded Russians by the 3135: 2795: 2656: 2569: 2002: 1718: 1658:. A pro-Russian cabinet emerged in the 1621: 1322:at the Hague. After the decisive naval 192: 13742: 12363:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 12294:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 12153:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920) 12131:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 11845:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739) 11521:Military history of the Russian Empire 11350:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 10160:, Russo-Japanese War research society. 10034:Saaler, Sven und Inaba Chiharu (Hg.). 9993: 9732:Die Japanischen Kriegschiffe 1869–1945 9714:Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 9585: 9566: 9509: 9402:. History of Warfare/29. Vol. I. 9383:. South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. 9221: 9145: 8996: 8904:Bibliography of the Russo-Japanese War 8676: 8560: 8531: 8420: 8402:from the original on 12 September 2015 8342: 7819: 7688: 7368: 7044: 6930: 6918: 6877: 6859:from the original on 10 September 2017 6786: 6250:The American Monthly Review of Reviews 6190: 5908:. Madison and Adams Press. p. 32. 5648: 5597: 5414: 5279: 5039: 5022: 5010: 4985: 4973: 4888:from the original on 10 September 2017 4822:Mitchell, T. J.; Smith, G. M. (1931). 4522:Film list about the Russo-Japanese War 4248:I visited the hospitals of Krasnoyarsk 3222:was signed on 5 September 1905 at the 3130: 2976:The Russian Second Army under General 2943:Retreat of Russian soldiers after the 2479:Battlefields in the Russo-Japanese War 663: 572:34,000–52,623 killed or died of wounds 13165: 12560: 12513:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020) 11891:Russian colonization of North America 11451: 10258: 10144:"Chronology of Japanese Cinema: 1904" 10137:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. 10048: 10014:Warships of the Imperial Russian Navy 9837:The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War 9611:. London, UK: Arms and Armour Press. 9606: 9586:Warner, Denis; Warner, Peggy (1974). 9518:. New York City: St. Martins' Press. 9292: 9273: 9187: 9172:The A to Z of the Russo-Japanese War 9089: 9070: 8647: 7251: 7204: 6969: 6766: 6727: 6684:Brun, Hellen; Hersh, Jacques (1976). 6679: 6677: 6599: 6587: 6544: 6502: 6454: 6286: 6219: 6136:from the original on 10 February 2011 6083: 6004:from the original on 17 November 2015 5987: 5985: 5902: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5753: 5751: 5707: 5695: 5248: 5224: 5212: 5185: 5136: 5117: 5105: 5088: 4962:Serio-comic war map for the year 1877 4866: 4144:; 1906) is another waltz composed by 3218:leading the Japanese delegation. The 3018: 2312: 1310:responded by declaring war on Japan. 810: 637: 16:1904–1905 war for Manchuria and Korea 11526:Military history of the Soviet Union 10759:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 10515:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 10172:, Text of the Treaty of Portsmouth:. 9971:Semenov, Vladimir Ivanovich (1909). 9948:Semenov, Vladimir Ivanovich (1908). 9750:The Impact of the Russo-Japanese War 9328: 9316:from the original on 29 October 2020 9209:from the original on 16 January 2018 9122: 9110:from the original on 31 October 2020 8975: 8834:from the original on 30 October 2020 8704:from the original on 16 January 2018 8658:from the original on 10 January 2018 8629:from the original on 16 January 2018 8600:from the original on 1 November 2020 8542:from the original on 16 January 2018 8483:from the original on 16 January 2018 8431:from the original on 16 January 2018 8362:Selected Writings of Blaise Cendrars 8273:Janine Beichman (11 December 2006). 8183:of the song on YouTube (in Russian). 8162:from the original on 17 January 2018 7846:from the original on 18 October 2020 7472:from the original on 30 October 2020 7458:. London: Palgrave. pp. 53–54. 7371:The Modernization of Iran, 1921–1941 7121:from the original on 19 January 2022 6803:from the original on 2 February 2017 6748:from the original on 29 October 2020 6526:from the original on 19 January 2018 6466: 6268:from the original on 9 November 2021 6243: 6094:from the original on 10 January 2020 5630:from the original on 1 November 2020 5609: 5585: 5568: 5553: 5528: 5513: 5494: 5429: 5378: 5332: 5320: 5308: 5260: 4858:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 4743:Foreign policy of the Russian Empire 3387:partitioned in the late 18th century 3365: 3260:The Treaty of Portsmouth overlooked 2965: 2865:adding citations to reliable sources 2836: 2065: 13688:Seaboard World Airlines Flight 253A 12588:International relations (1814–1919) 12267:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 11422:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 10669:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 10284: 10142:da Silva, Joaquín (29 April 2016). 9900:Railways and the Russo-Japanese War 9420: 9352:from the original on 1 October 2020 8823:Port Arthur: a historical narrative 8795:The Institute of Australian Culture 8571:from the original on 1 October 2017 8324:from the original on 29 August 2021 8227:"General Maresuke Nogi (1849–1912)" 7513:from the original on 29 August 2021 7490: 7026:from the original on 29 August 2021 7012:. Japan Library. pp. 126–133. 6951:from the original on 29 August 2021 5356:from the original on 1 October 2020 5063:from the original on 9 January 2017 4910:The Two Koreas and the Great Powers 4906: 4467:Port Arthur: a historical narrative 3632: 3407: 3214:leading the Russian delegation and 2987: 2832: 2511:sank almost immediately, while the 2438:. These attacks developed into the 2380: 13: 12313:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 11679:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 9981:from the original on 26 April 2017 9958:from the original on 26 April 2017 9878:Papastratigakis, Nicholas (2011). 9702:Journal of Slavic Military Studies 9665: 9152:. New York City: Alfred A. Knopf. 8982:. University of California Press. 8881:from the original on 16 April 2021 8828:Foreign Languages Publishing House 8801:from the original on 29 April 2020 7082:from the original on 12 April 2016 6674: 6569:from the original on 17 April 2021 6155:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 6022:Some scholarly researchers credit 5982: 5947: 5821: 5748: 4386:Under the Ensign of the Rising Sun 4054: 3891: 2354:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 1687: 1551:and nearly destroying the Chinese 1415:as a reward for their sacrifices. 14: 13826: 13815:History of Japan–Russia relations 13800:Wars involving the Russian Empire 13651:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875) 13191: 12178:Red Army intervention in Mongolia 10244:See more Russo-Japanese War Maps 10119: 10070: 9038:Fiebi-von Hase, Ragnhild (2003). 8024:from the original on 12 June 2018 7994:from the original on 7 March 2012 7930:from the original on 17 June 2015 7618:Woodward, David (February 1953). 7193:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005 7157:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005 6907:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005 6878:Egorov, Boris (8 February 2019). 6662:from the original on 4 March 2016 6191:Egorov, Boris (8 February 2019). 5684:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005 4927:from the original on 27 June 2021 4630:(1983). Russian-born British spy 4458:in 1936 (and later translated as 4344:told from the Japanese side, and 4211:Never let them kill you, brother! 4000:19 August 1904 – 2 January 1905: 3898:Battles of the Russo-Japanese War 3876:, an American banker and head of 3641:remained, the result of the 1878 2467:into Russian-occupied Manchuria. 1506:First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95) 1326:, the war was concluded with the 12232:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 12025:Russian conquest of Central Asia 11961:Russian conquest of the Caucasus 11757:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) 11699:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 11122:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 10390: 10220:The New Student's Reference Work 10021: 10016:. Volume 1, Battleships. (1968). 9792:Dulles, Virginia, Potomac Books 9468:10.1111/j.1467-9434.2007.00470.x 9367:The Immediate Origins of the War 9093:The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905 8863: 8846: 8813: 8783: 8771:from the original on 4 June 2018 8753: 8739: 8716: 8700:. New York City: Silver Scroll. 8687: 8670: 8641: 8612: 8583: 8554: 8525: 8495: 8466: 8451:Science Fiction: The Early Years 8443: 8414: 8378: 8353: 8336: 8297: 8265: 8241: 8219: 8186: 8143: 8113: 8092: 8071: 8036: 8006: 7976: 7906: 7885: 7858: 7768:from the original on 9 July 2012 7739: 7719:(Thesis). Fort Leavenworth, KS: 7706: 7637: 7611: 7599:Luxemburg, Rosa (1–8 May 1904). 7574: 7546:10.1111/j.1467-9434.2007.00473.x 7525: 7484: 7445: 7406: 7387: 7362: 7337: 7294: 7245: 7198: 7107: 7038: 6997: 6963: 6924: 6871: 6734:. University of Kentucky Press. 6341:. Houghton, Mifflin and company. 4727: 4713: 4340:was responsible for two novels: 3814:was the military attaché of the 3589:embraced Japan as a role model. 2841: 2666:at the time. On 1 May 1904, the 2346:Russian attack on Sweden in 1808 1159:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand 970: 914:German Pacific possesions (1914) 517: 505: 493: 481: 469: 457: 445: 433: 421: 409: 395: 376: 363: 342: 321: 309: 297: 285: 277: 267: 247: 235: 221: 194: 173: 36: 13805:Japan–Russia military relations 12518:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022) 12163:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan 12104:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine 11137:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 10213:"Russo-Japanese War, The" 9592:. New York City: Charterhouse. 9423:The Journal of Military History 8923:Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy 8897: 8820:Stepanov, Aleksandr N. (1947). 8386:David Wheatley (21 June 2001). 8349:. Brighton: The Standard Press. 7954:"Yellow Promise / Yellow Peril" 7586:Rosa Luxemburg Internet Archive 7499:. Blackwell. pp. 195–196. 6841: 6815: 6787:Gordon, Andrew (20 July 2014). 6760: 6721: 6708: 6642: 6605: 6538: 6508: 6460: 6328: 6304: 6237: 6184: 6171: 6148: 6118: 6077: 6052: 6043:Ilbon Gunbu'ui Dokdo Chim Talsa 6016: 5912: 5896: 5861: 5786: 5713: 5654: 5603: 5458: 5435: 5326: 5179: 5154: 5045: 4828:Her Majesty's Stationery Office 4553:Meiji tennô to nichiro daisenso 3772:Military attachés and observers 3587:Committee of Union and Progress 3063:passing on its way through the 2852:needs additional citations for 2771:, under the command of Admiral 2416:opened the war with a surprise 1766: 1306:27 January] 1904. The 889:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905) 12200:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926) 11850:War of the Austrian Succession 11392:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 10510:Imperial Rescript on Education 10178:, Russian Navy history of war. 10055:. Philadelphia: P. W. Ziegler. 9571:. New York: Harper & Row. 9302:. Cambridge University Press. 9278:. Cambridge University Press. 9240:. Cambridge University Press. 9199:US Naval Institute Proceedings 8724:Invasion-Literature, 1871–1914 8364:. New Directions. p. 93. 8089:, oil on canvas by Juri Repin. 7491:Ito, Eishiro (December 2007). 7004:Palasz-Rutkowska, Ewa (2000). 6548:Japan at War – An Encyclopedia 5922:Russo-Japanese naval war, 1905 5871:Russo-Japanese naval war, 1905 5796:Russo-Japanese naval war, 1905 4954: 4900: 4515: 4259:Much later, the Scottish poet 4217:that it is honourable to die? 4059: 4007:25 August – 3 September 1904: 3812:Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton 3422:Japan–Russia Secret Agreements 3418:Franco-Japanese Treaty of 1907 2491:On 12 April 1904, two Russian 2360:The Principality of Montenegro 1320:Permanent Court of Arbitration 1: 13666:Invasion of the Kuril Islands 12958:Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits 12912:1917 Franco-Russian agreement 12902:Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty 12423:South Ossetia war (1991–1992) 12301:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 12052:Russian invasion of Manchuria 12042:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 11988:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) 11983:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) 11926:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) 11916:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) 11881:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) 11876:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 11866:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 11856:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) 11834:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723) 11829:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711) 11806:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) 11801:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) 11776:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653) 11752:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) 11747:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570) 11732:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) 11607:List of wars involving Russia 11602:Sino-Russian border conflicts 10843:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 10749:Imperial General Headquarters 10340:Foreign commerce and shipping 9728:United States Naval Institute 8826:. Translated by J. Fineberg. 7723:. p. iii. Archived from 6545:Perez, Louis G., ed. (2013). 5616:. Hoover Press. p. 156. 4805: 4600:(1980, sometimes referred as 4267:in verse to the naval war in 4028:21 February – 10 March 1905: 3723:Following the victory of the 3501:nongovernmental organizations 3459: 3442:Portsmouth peace negotiations 3279: 2350:before commencing hostilities 2071:Distribution of naval assets 1782:France, Russia's closest ally 1694:Russian invasion of Manchuria 1559:. Japan and China signed the 1290:Japan in Korea, north of the 613:21,802–27,200 died of disease 13810:Military history of Liaoning 12818:Second Industrial Revolution 12692:League of the Three Emperors 12378:Eritrean War of Independence 12348:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 12343:East German uprising of 1953 12284:Eastern Front (World War II) 12173:Red Army invasion of Georgia 12168:Red Army invasion of Armenia 12136:Estonian War of Independence 12077:Russian occupation of Tabriz 11998:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 11956:War of the Seventh Coalition 11839:War of the Polish Succession 11786:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) 11170:Hirohito surrender broadcast 10570:Greater East Asia Conference 9874:. Columbia University Press. 9649:. Indiana University Press. 9222:McLean, Roderick R. (2003). 9126:Social Science Japan Journal 8619:Stratemeyer, Edward (1905). 8590:Stratemeyer, Edward (1904). 8449:E.F. and R. Bleiler (1990), 8388:"Dialect with Army and Navy" 8251:, reviewed by Tim Wright in 7792:Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook 7746:Chapman, John (April 2004). 7344:Deutschmann, Moritz (2015). 6714:See review (lay-summary) in 6177:Scott, James Brown, editor, 5925:. Redbourn: Mushroom Model. 5874:. Redbourn: Mushroom Model. 5799:. Redbourn: Mushroom Model. 4855:Losses of Life Caused By War 3882:Russia's anti-Jewish pogroms 3834: 3577:in February 1907. While for 3310:siege of Port Arthur in 1905 3274:Prime Minister of Montenegro 1580:fled to the Russian legation 1380:In the years 1869–1873, the 1069:Anglo-German naval arms race 610:11,424–11,500 died of wounds 575:9,300–18,830 died of disease 7: 13577:Other geographical features 12848:Treaty of Versailles (1871) 12418:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) 12368:Sino-Soviet border conflict 12237:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang 12205:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) 12141:Latvian War of Independence 12030:Russian conquest of Bukhara 11921:War of the Fourth Coalition 11906:War of the Second Coalition 10555:Supreme Court of Judicature 9711:. Ballantine Books. (1960). 9491:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001). 8694:Collingwood, Harry (1916). 8479:. Toronto: William Briggs. 8360:Walter Albert, ed. (1966). 7713:Sisemore, James D. (1991). 7644:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001). 7620:"The Russian Armada 1904–5" 7495:. In Brown, Richard (ed.). 7255:Journal of American Studies 6613:Journal of Military History 6522:. 6 April 1905. p. 2. 6335:Sakurai, Tadayoshi (1907). 6312:Nørregaard, Benjamin Wegner 6244:Shaw, Albert (March 1904). 5954:Connaughton, R. M. (2004). 5833:Connaughton, R. M. (2004). 5758:Connaughton, R. M. (2004). 5720:Connaughton, R. M. (2004). 4798:Montenegro-Russia relations 4783:Western imperialism in Asia 4706: 4475:The Three Ages of Okini-San 4460:The Voyage of Forgotten Men 3123:to force the Russians into 1235:in Southern Manchuria, the 10: 13831: 13770:1905 in the Russian Empire 13760:1904 in the Russian Empire 13646:Menashi–Kunashir rebellion 12897:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 12413:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 11951:War of the Sixth Coalition 11941:War of the Fifth Coalition 11911:War of the Third Coalition 11516:Military history of Russia 11478:Armed conflicts involving 11261:Second Philippine Republic 11039:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 10250:Cornell University Library 10128:"Russo-Japanese War" 10078:Armed Forces & Society 9822:. New York: Random House. 9607:Watts, Anthony J. (1990). 9071:Hwang, Kyung Moon (2010). 8901: 8392:The London Review of Books 7497:A Companion to James Joyce 7348:. Routledge. p. 158. 7264:Cambridge University Press 7008:. In Edström, Bert (ed.). 6234:, pp. 12, 15, 17, 42. 5662:Baron Komura to Mr. Kurino 5529:Koda, Yoji (Spring 2005). 5466:Baron Komura to Mr. Kurino 5443:Baron Komura to Mr. Kurino 4788:Japan-Montenegro relations 4519: 4454:, originally published as 4370:Frederick Sadleir Brereton 4358:At the Fall of Port Arthur 4295:'s science fiction novel, 4278: 3895: 3838: 3775: 3518:Reception around the world 3433:Hibiya incendiary incident 3411: 3255:Hibiya incendiary incident 3232:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910 3139: 3039:, the flagship of Admiral 3022: 2991: 2969: 2693:With the death of Admiral 2686: 2573: 2495:battleships, the flagship 2393: 1814:balance of power in Europe 1691: 1397:"people's rights" movement 838:Military campaigns of the 18: 13729:Maarten Gerritszoon Vries 13696: 13638: 13612: 13576: 13340: 13199: 13056: 12920: 12833: 12718:European balance of power 12710: 12645: 12594: 12526: 12461: 12252:Soviet invasion of Poland 12062: 11946:French invasion of Russia 11814: 11712: 11631: 11557:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars 11549: 11506: 11499: 11369: 11342: 11284: 11238: 11195: 11188: 11142:Japan during World War II 11102:Pacification of Manchukuo 11072: 11002: 10994:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 10989:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 10927: 10920: 10871: 10858:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 10811: 10737: 10730: 10677: 10595: 10588: 10580:Imperial Japanese Airways 10487: 10434: 10399: 10388: 10292: 10204:Christian Science Monitor 10156:30 September 2002 at the 9998:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 9870:Okamoto, Shumpei (1970). 9788:Murray, Nicholas (2013). 9709:The Fleet That Had To Die 9609:The Imperial Russian Navy 9556:Tikowara, Hesibo (1907). 9537:. Vol. 1 - To Arms. 9379:Simpson, Richard (2001). 9230:Mombauer & Deist 2003 9046:Mombauer & Deist 2003 8648:Allen, Willis B. (1905). 8453:, Kent State University, 8427:. M.A. Donohue & Co. 8346:A Russo-Japanese War Poem 8304:Takashi Fujitani (1996). 8206:On The Hills of Manchuria 8192:See some translations at 7832:. pp. 146, 151–152. 7691:, pp. 179, 229, 230. 7452:Worringer, Renée (2014). 7272:10.1017/S0021875809006033 6728:Trani, Eugene P. (1969). 4768:Manchuria under Qing rule 4763:Korea under Japanese rule 4682: 4672: 4597:The Battle of Port Arthur 4568: 4416:Parabellum, in his novel 4319:Japanese battleship 4188: 4138:On the Hills of Manchuria 3651:London Straits Convention 3276:formally ending the war. 3224:Portsmouth Naval Shipyard 3208:Portsmouth, New Hampshire 3043:at the Battle of Tsushima 3034:Japanese battleship 2522:who were taking the ship 2337:, first secretary at the 2024: 1941:, thereby making herself 1785:Asia; the French Premier 1641:South Manchurian Railroad 1478:Russian Eastern expansion 879:Liaodong Peninsula (1895) 849: 675: 601:Total: 80,378–86,100 dead 567:Total: 43,300–71,453 dead 559: 532: 211: 162: 149:Kwantung Leased Territory 81: 35: 30: 13709:William Robert Broughton 13009:Venezuela Naval Blockade 12680:Anglo-Russian Convention 12393:South African Border War 12318:Guerrilla war in Ukraine 12220:Chechen uprising of 1932 11901:Russo-Persian War (1796) 11117:Second Sino-Japanese War 11064:Racial Equality Proposal 10644:Agriculture and Commerce 9974:Rasplata (The Reckoning) 9925:Pleshakov, Constantine. 9862:Russian battleship 9689:MIT Visualizing Cultures 9645:Willmott, H. P. (2009). 9510:Storry, Richard (1979). 9493:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914 9274:Paine, S. C. M. (2017). 9090:Jukes, Geoffrey (2002). 9052:Forczyk, Robert (2009). 8871:"The Prisoner of Sakura" 8683:. Harper & brothers. 8561:Strang, Herbert (1906). 8532:Strang, Herbert (1905). 8343:Oakley, Jane H. (1905). 8279:Asiatic Society of Japan 7958:MIT Visualizing Cultures 7873:(1): 44–54. April 1980. 7804:10.1093/leobaeck/28.1.59 7703:, p. 384, 386, 388. 7648:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914 7455:Ottomans Imagining Japan 6931:Ascher, Abraham (1994). 6793:The Asia-Pacific Journal 6064:12 December 2019 at the 5610:Tolf, Robert W. (1976). 5536:Naval War College Review 5192:. Springer. p. 61. 4405:The Submarine Battleship 4124: 3969:Battle of the Yellow Sea 3714:Second Sino-Japanese War 3691:'s territorial expansion 3385:In Poland, which Russia 3121:occupied Sakhalin Island 2746:Russian battleship 2689:Battle of the Yellow Sea 2683:Battle of the Yellow Sea 2445:Stepan Osipovich Makarov 2292:Torpedo Boats below 40t 2007: 1590:fortress, and based the 1557:Battle of the Yalu River 1432:Pressure from the people 1117:Anglo-Russian Convention 997:Second Concert of Europe 948:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945) 19:Not to be confused with 13589:Ilya Muromets Waterfall 13014:Alaska boundary dispute 12687:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 12670:Franco-Russian Alliance 12035:Khivan campaign of 1873 11886:Russo-Polish War (1792) 11034:Washington Naval Treaty 10979:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 10964:First Sino-Japanese War 10783:Nuclear weapons program 10525:Great Japan Youth Party 10452:National seals of Japan 10134:Encyclopædia Britannica 9854:Novikov-Priboy, Aleksei 9539:Oxford University Press 9255:Olender, Piotr (2010). 8733:20 January 2018 at the 8249:Wells & Wilson 1999 8042:See reproductions from 7952:Dower, John W. (2008). 7913:Dower, John W. (2010). 7436:Wells & Wilson 1999 7223:10.1023/A:1022931309651 6166:Encyclopedia Britannica 6160:28 October 2021 at the 5919:Olender, Piotr (2007). 5868:Olender, Piotr (2007). 5793:Olender, Piotr (2007). 5613:The Russian Rockfellers 4907:Kim, Samuel S. (2006). 4619:Battle of the Japan Sea 4562:Battle of the Japan Sea 4422:The Commonwealth Crisis 4354:Under the Mikado's Flag 4172:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 3925:30 April – 1 May 1904: 3880:Schiff, in response to 3752:and Sydney, Australia; 3675:First Sino-Japanese War 3545:Christian von Ehrenfels 3465:Historical significance 2721:torpedo boat destroyers 2642:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 2584:Bombardment during the 2471:Blockade of Port Arthur 2463:was ready to cross the 1750:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1723:The Japanese statesman 1668:Prince Henry of Prussia 1612:Chinese Eastern Railway 1606:, and based the German 1409:survival of the fittest 1345:1905 Russian Revolution 1330:(5 September [ 1283:First Sino-Japanese War 1211:was fought between the 1081:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1063:First Sino-Japanese War 1057:Franco-Russian Alliance 1027:Austro–Serbian Alliance 943:French Indochina (1940) 616:153,673–173,400 wounded 76:crossing the Yalu River 13604:Kuril–Kamchatka Trench 12933:Unification of Germany 12880:Taft–Katsura agreement 12508:Western Libya campaign 12183:East Karelian uprising 11704:Wagner Group rebellion 11639:Uprising of Bolotnikov 11082:Shōwa financial crisis 10874:Imperial Japanese Navy 10814:Imperial Japanese Army 10545:Peace Preservation Law 10049:Tyler, Sydney (1905). 9567:Walder, David (1974). 9533:Strachan, Hew (2003). 8567:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. 8538:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. 8460:19 August 2020 at the 8421:Upward, Allen (1904). 8179:2 January 2016 at the 6467:Shin, Michael (2018). 5903:Tyler, Sydney (2018). 4793:Japan-Russia relations 4667:The Prisoner of Sakura 4585:The Battle of Tsushima 4329: 4257: 4220: 4157:Battle of Chemulpo Bay 4069: 3916:Battle of Chemulpo Bay 3849:of 106.3 million 3829:Imperial General Staff 3819:out-ranked by British 3791: 3692: 3630: 3527: 3486: 3414:Taft–Katsura agreement 3346: 3332:Political consequences 3297: 3203: 3187: 3100:armed merchant cruiser 3044: 3003: 2947: 2764: 2755:Baltic Fleet redeploys 2608: 2588: 2480: 2418:torpedo boat destroyer 2409: 2327:Russian Far East Fleet 2323:Imperial Japanese Navy 1996: 1976: 1965: 1948: 1778: 1707: 1519: 1496:Trans-Siberian Railway 1475: 1462:Convention of Tientsin 1369: 1356:Modernization of Japan 1296:Imperial Japanese Navy 1141:Second Moroccan Crisis 985:Unification of Germany 594:2 battleships captured 212:Commanders and leaders 13683:Kuril Islands dispute 13019:First Moroccan Crisis 12733:Spread of nationalism 12697:Eight-Nation Alliance 12503:Intervention in Syria 12438:Tajikistani Civil War 12146:Lithuanian–Soviet War 12087:Battle of Robat Karim 11536:Post-Soviet conflicts 11024:Siberian Intervention 10833:Railways and Shipping 10649:Commerce and Industry 10345:Industrial production 10234:Na sopkah Manchzhurii 10080:30.3 (2004): 325–356. 10031:15.6 (2008): 629–642. 9994:Stille, Mark (2016). 9909:10.4324/9780203964767 9903:. London: Routledge. 9704:17.3 (2004): 563–577. 9672:Corbett, Sir Julian. 9435:10.1353/jmh.2006.0037 9373:Steinberg et al. 2005 9146:Keegan, John (1999). 8677:Munroe, Kirk (1905). 8473:Walker, W.W. (1907). 8258:29 March 2015 at the 8231:War Poets Association 8199:6 August 2020 at the 8106:13 April 2020 at the 7820:Hunter, Jane (1993). 7652:. Routledge. p. 7582:"In the Storm (1904)" 7568:11 March 2021 at the 7423:19 March 2018 at the 7400:18 March 2022 at the 7369:Banani, Amin (1961). 7303:German Studies Review 6773:(November 1946): 580. 6716:Steinberg et al. 2005 6551:. Santa Barbara, CA: 6168:, Updated 8 June 2019 4509:Clouds Above the Hill 4433:Alexey Novikov-Priboy 4426:The Australian Crisis 4317:on the bridge of the 4312: 4289:The International Spy 4241: 4208: 4142:Na sopkah Manchzhurii 4067: 3955:Battle of Tashihchiao 3948:Battle of Motien Pass 3905:Battle of Port Arthur 3785: 3687: 3612: 3525: 3472: 3449:First Katsura Cabinet 3339: 3314:General Nogi Maresuke 3287: 3244:Roosevelt earned the 3201: 3149: 3032: 3001: 2942: 2763:Route of Baltic Fleet 2762: 2606: 2583: 2478: 2440:Battle of Port Arthur 2403: 2396:Battle of Port Arthur 2390:Battle of Port Arthur 2193:Cruisers under 2000t 1992: 1974: 1961: 1930: 1773: 1712:Eight-Nation Alliance 1704:Eight-Nation Alliance 1701: 1592:Russian Pacific Fleet 1561:Treaty of Shimonoseki 1513: 1470: 1363: 1351:Historical background 1300:Russian Eastern Fleet 1277:, since the reign of 1123:Young Turk Revolution 1105:First Moroccan Crisis 560:Casualties and losses 59:Russian cruiser 53:, Russian cavalry at 44:Russian cruiser 13795:Wars involving Japan 13790:History of Manchuria 13024:Algeciras Conference 13004:Annexation of Hawaii 12943:Great Eastern Crisis 12938:Unification of Italy 12928:Formation of Romania 12745:French–German enmity 12486:Annexation of Crimea 12190:Central Asian Revolt 12099:Ukrainian–Soviet War 11971:Russo-Circassian War 11654:Pugachev's Rebellion 11597:Russo-Ukrainian Wars 11541:Russian Armed Forces 11511:Early modern warfare 11437:Political dissidence 11286:Occupied territories 11029:General Election Law 10853:Taiwan Army of Japan 10187:15 June 2011 at the 10151:RussoJapaneseWar.com 10102:67.1 (2008): 78–87. 9835:, Ian Hill. (1985). 9694:17 June 2015 at the 9181:8 March 2021 at the 9170:, also published as 9075:. London: Palgrave. 9031:27 July 2019 at the 8976:Duus, Peter (1998). 8262:n. 4 September 2000. 8212:9 March 2021 at the 8174:multimedia enactment 8085:17 June 2015 at the 8064:17 June 2015 at the 8053:17 June 2015 at the 7923:Visualizing Cultures 7078:. 3 September 1905. 6770:The American Mercury 6627:, pp. 109, 342. 6059:"Russo-Japanese War" 6037:29 June 2011 at the 4678:Sorokin no mita saka 4660:Siege of Port Arthur 4640:Siege of Port Arthur 4627:Reilly, Ace of Spies 4313:Painting of Admiral 4297:The Stolen Submarine 4168:threatened revenge. 4048:Invasion of Sakhalin 4021:26–27 January 1905: 4002:Siege of Port Arthur 3962:Battle of Hsimucheng 3927:Battle of Yalu River 3878:Kuhn, Loeb & Co. 3288:Japanese propaganda 3220:Treaty of Portsmouth 3142:Treaty of Portsmouth 3136:Treaty of Portsmouth 2876:"Russo-Japanese War" 2861:improve this article 2796:Effects on civilians 2785:Dogger Bank incident 2773:Zinovy Rozhestvensky 2668:Battle of Yalu River 2657:Battle of Yalu River 2586:siege of Port Arthur 2576:Siege of Port Arthur 2570:Siege of Port Arthur 2003:Status of combatants 1719:Pre-war negotiations 1639:to Port Arthur, the 1622:Russian encroachment 1514:Chinese generals in 1328:Treaty of Portsmouth 1003:Great Eastern Crisis 721:Dogger Bank incident 607:47,152–47,400 killed 383:Zinovy Rozhestvensky 42:Clockwise from top: 13089:Philippine–American 13074:First Sino-Japanese 12907:Racconigi agreement 12853:Treaty of Frankfurt 12813:Great Rapprochement 12767:Scramble for Africa 12546:Sphere of influence 12476:Russo-Ukrainian War 12333:First Indochina War 12306:Soviet–Japanese War 12242:Xinjiang War (1937) 12111:Kazakhstan Campaign 11896:Kościuszko Uprising 11796:Second Northern War 11674:Coup attempt (1991) 11567:Soviet-Finnish wars 11256:Wang Jingwei regime 11166:Potsdam Declaration 11157:Soviet–Japanese War 11112:Anti-Comintern Pact 11107:January 28 incident 11092:London Naval Treaty 10969:Triple Intervention 10798:Supreme War Council 10682:deliberative bodies 10193:Library of Congress 9818:29 May 2016 at the 9535:The First World War 9149:The First World War 9139:10.1093/ssjj/jym033 8384:See the account by 8247:Collected works in 8237:on 28 October 2021. 7215:Springer Publishing 6921:, pp. 575–576. 6658:. 17 October 1905. 6602:, pp. 455–456. 6299:Tikowara/Grant 1907 6232:Tikowara/Grant 1907 5417:, pp. 127–128. 5405:, pp. 163–164. 5403:Fiebi-von Hase 2003 5391:Fiebi-von Hase 2003 5381:, pp. 252–253. 5297:Fiebi-von Hase 2003 5091:, pp. 132–133. 4492:The Diamond Chariot 4483:October Revolutions 4397:invasion literature 4177:The Golden Cockerel 4104:went down with the 4102:Vasily Vereshchagin 3941:Battle of Te-li-Ssu 3816:British Indian Army 3801:Franco-Prussian War 3659:balance of payments 3492:Franco-Prussian War 3391:two major uprisings 3380:February Revolution 3320:, but the Japanese 3294:Kobayashi Kiyochika 3195:on 9 January 1905. 3131:Peace and aftermath 2728:crossing Vitgeft's 2072: 1492:Kamchatka Peninsula 1315:Emperor Nicholas II 1287:sphere of influence 991:Franco-Prussian War 919:Siberia (1918–1922) 145:Kvantunskaya Oblast 21:Soviet–Japanese War 13750:Russo-Japanese War 13656:Russo-Japanese War 13568:Zavaritski Caldera 13423:Goryashchaya Sopka 13413:Golets-Torny Group 12948:Congress of Berlin 12865:Reinsurance Treaty 12843:Congress of Vienna 12823:Industrial warfare 12789:Scramble for China 12536:Russian Revolution 12471:Russo-Georgian War 12453:Second Chechen War 12433:Georgian Civil War 12072:Russo-Japanese War 11824:Great Northern War 11722:Russo-Crimean Wars 11694:Second Chechen War 11592:Russo-Turkish wars 11587:Russo-Swedish wars 11577:Russo-Persian Wars 11562:Russo-Crimean Wars 10984:Russo-Japanese War 10954:Two Lords Incident 10609:Imperial Household 10100:The Russian Review 9778:, Lulu Press 2009 9707:Hough, Richard A. 9455:The Russian Review 9232:, pp. 119–41. 9073:A History of Korea 9000:The Russian Review 8941:Connaughton, R. M. 8854:Russo-Japanese War 8020:. 30 August 1905. 7964:on 8 November 2015 7597:, translated from 7534:The Russian Review 7076:The New York Times 6976:The New York Times 6322:Methuen Publishing 5186:Unoki, Ko (2016). 4647:Saka no Ue no Kumo 4574:Nihonkai-Daikaisen 4350:Edward Stratemeyer 4330: 4326:Battle of Tsushima 4152:were added later. 4070: 4050:: Japanese victory 4043:, Japanese victory 4037:Battle of Tsushima 4032:: Japanese victory 4014:5–17 October 1904 4011:: Japanese victory 4009:Battle of Liaoyang 4004:, Japanese victory 3997:, Japanese victory 3991:Battle of Korsakov 3986:, Japanese victory 3975:, Japanese victory 3964:: Japanese victory 3957:: Japanese victory 3950:: Japanese victory 3943:: Japanese victory 3936:: Japanese victory 3929:, Japanese victory 3922:, Japanese victory 3870:Takahashi Korekiyo 3805:American Civil War 3792: 3725:Battle of Tsushima 3720:in the 1920s–30s. 3693: 3528: 3487: 3475:Battle of Liaoyang 3347: 3298: 3204: 3188: 3186:Prefecture, Japan. 3045: 3025:Battle of Tsushima 3019:Battle of Tsushima 3009:General Kuropatkin 3004: 2948: 2765: 2644:. During the war, 2613:Battle of Liaoyang 2609: 2589: 2520:war correspondents 2481: 2410: 2364:Montenegrin prince 2319:declaration of war 2313:Declaration of war 2154:Armoured Cruisers 2070: 1981:Kurino Shin'ichirō 1977: 1975:Kurino Shin'ichirō 1840:Kurino Shin'ichirō 1820:" and a policy of 1810:Bernhard von Bülow 1791:Theodore Roosevelt 1744:and Field Marshal 1708: 1608:East Asia Squadron 1549:Liaodong Peninsula 1520: 1370: 1336:Theodore Roosevelt 1324:battle of Tsushima 1229:Liaodong Peninsula 1209:Russo-Japanese War 1093:Russo-Japanese War 1051:Reinsurance Treaty 1009:Campaign in Bosnia 962:Events leading to 667:Russo-Japanese War 626:2 battleships sunk 591:8 battleships sunk 549:1,200,000 (total) 539:1,365,000 (total) 242:Aleksey Kuropatkin 31:Russo-Japanese War 13780:Conflicts in 1905 13775:Conflicts in 1904 13737: 13736: 13671:Battle of Shumshu 13538:Tao-Rusyr Caldera 13207:Antsiferov Island 13159: 13158: 13128:Albanian Revolts 12985:German Naval Laws 12969:Naval arms races 12953:Berlin Conference 12885:Hague Conventions 12554: 12553: 12443:First Chechen War 12398:Soviet–Afghan War 12383:Angolan Civil War 12158:Polish–Soviet War 12116:Finnish Civil War 12094:Russian Civil War 11993:November Uprising 11931:Anglo-Russian War 11871:Bar Confederation 11684:First Chechen War 11664:Russian Civil War 11659:Decembrist revolt 11649:Bulavin Rebellion 11644:Razin's Rebellion 11627: 11626: 11582:Russo-Polish Wars 11550:Lists by opponent 11445: 11444: 11417:Socialist thought 11365: 11364: 11304:Dutch East Indies 11266:Empire of Vietnam 11184: 11183: 10959:Satsuma Rebellion 10939:Meiji Restoration 10916: 10915: 10726: 10725: 10664:Greater East Asia 10550:Political parties 10505:Foreign relations 10182:Frontiers.loc.gov 10005:978-1-4728-1121-9 9918:978-0-429-2421-20 9889:978-1-84885-691-2 9849:978-0-582-49114-4 9828:978-0-8129-6600-8 9798:978-1-59797-553-7 9784:978-0-557-11751-2 9752:(Routledge, 2007) 9656:978-0-25300-356-0 9502:978-0-415-21477-3 9285:978-1-107-01195-3 9266:978-83-61421-02-3 9103:978-1-84176-446-7 9063:978-1-84603-330-8 9048:, pp. 143–75 8989:978-0-520-92090-3 8797:. 3 August 2012. 8765:www.gutenberg.org 8476:Alter Ego: a Tale 7990:. 11 March 2010. 7839:978-0-275-93965-6 7601:"Dans La Tempête" 7380:978-0-8047-0050-4 7355:978-1-317-38531-8 6378:, pp. 52–54. 6301:, pp. 48–50. 6222:, pp. 84–85. 5932:978-83-61421-74-0 5881:978-83-61421-74-0 5806:978-83-61421-74-0 5698:, pp. 16–20. 5497:, pp. 97–98. 5468:. 5 October 1903. 5199:978-1-137-57202-8 5151:, pp. 19–20. 5025:, pp. 18–19. 4976:, pp. 15–16. 4920:978-1-139-45543-5 4374:The North Pacific 4182:Alexander Pushkin 4023:Battle of Sandepu 3939:14–15 June 1904: 3934:Battle of Nanshan 3914:9 February 1904: 3903:8 February 1904: 3886:Rothschild family 3766:British Admiralty 3762:British Hong Kong 3376:October Manifesto 3366:Effects on Russia 3246:Nobel Peace Prize 2972:Battle of Sandepu 2966:Battle of Sandepu 2950:With the fall of 2937: 2936: 2929: 2911: 2790:Cape of Good Hope 2781:Cape of Good Hope 2677:Battle of Nanshan 2619:). Major General 2335:Cecil Spring Rice 2310: 2309: 2212:Torpedo gunboats 2066:Ship distribution 1939:out of the Baltic 1937:, took her fleet 1795:Cecil Spring Rice 1604:Tsingtao fortress 1500:Tsushima incident 1446:liberal democracy 1444:refused to allow 1440:Though the Meiji 1407:ideas about the " 1374:Meiji Restoration 1279:Ivan the Terrible 1205: 1204: 1147:Italo-Turkish War 1135:Racconigi Bargain 1039:Berlin Conference 956: 955: 884:China (1899–1901) 804: 803: 632: 631: 316:Yevgeni Alekseyev 254:Roman Kondratenko 158: 157: 13822: 13785:History of Korea 13661:Hawaii Operation 13613:Cities and towns 13563:Vernadskii Ridge 13186: 13179: 13172: 13163: 13162: 13079:Spanish–American 12999:Fashoda Incident 12875:Treaty of Björkö 12860:Treaty of Berlin 12794:Open Door Policy 12728:Eastern question 12675:Entente Cordiale 12581: 12574: 12567: 12558: 12557: 12428:Transnistria War 12373:War of Attrition 12279:Continuation War 12228: 12020:January Uprising 11861:Seven Years' War 11761:Time of Troubles 11727:Russo-Kazan Wars 11572:Russo-Kazan Wars 11504: 11503: 11472: 11465: 11458: 11449: 11448: 11407:Shinmin no Michi 11397:Internment camps 11309:French Indochina 11193: 11192: 11044:Taishō Democracy 10925: 10924: 10848:Japanese holdout 10735: 10734: 10659:Colonial Affairs 10593: 10592: 10520:Yokusan Sonendan 10426: 10418: 10410: 10394: 10393: 10320:Economic history 10279: 10272: 10265: 10256: 10255: 10226: 10224: 10215: 10164:BFcollection.net 10147: 10138: 10130: 10112:7 (2005): 1–28. 10083:Seager, Robert. 10059:Westwood, J. N. 10056: 10009: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9954:. E. P. Dutton. 9922: 9893: 9882:. I. B. Tauris. 9660: 9641: 9622: 9603: 9582: 9563: 9552: 9529: 9517: 9506: 9487: 9446: 9417: 9394: 9370: 9361: 9359: 9357: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9289: 9270: 9251: 9227: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9196: 9189:Mahan, Alfred T. 9163: 9142: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9086: 9067: 9043: 9024: 8993: 8972: 8966: 8958: 8936: 8917: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8886: 8867: 8861: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8817: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8743: 8737: 8720: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8709: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8645: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8587: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8564:Brown of Moukden 8558: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8509:. Archived from 8499: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8470: 8464: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8382: 8376: 8375: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8301: 8295: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8281:. Archived from 8269: 8263: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8233:. Archived from 8223: 8217: 8190: 8184: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8136: 8127:. Archived from 8117: 8111: 8096: 8090: 8075: 8069: 8040: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7960:. Archived from 7949: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7867:The Great Circle 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7828:. Westport, CT: 7817: 7808: 7807: 7787: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7767: 7752: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7667: 7651: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7624: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7578: 7572: 7557: 7529: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7449: 7443: 7433: 7427: 7410: 7404: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7142: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7111: 7105: 7102:Connaughton 1988 7099: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7073: 7066: 7057: 7056: 7051:. Third series. 7042: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6928: 6922: 6916: 6910: 6904: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6853:necrometrics.com 6845: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6784: 6775: 6774: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6725: 6719: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6681: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6653: 6646: 6640: 6637:Connaughton 1988 6634: 6628: 6625:Connaughton 1988 6622: 6616: 6609: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6489: 6488: 6473:(1st ed.). 6464: 6458: 6452: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6421: 6415: 6409: 6403: 6400:Connaughton 1988 6397: 6391: 6388:Connaughton 1988 6385: 6379: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6355: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6308: 6302: 6296: 6290: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6188: 6182: 6175: 6169: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6122: 6116: 6113:Connaughton 1988 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6081: 6075: 6056: 6050: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5989: 5980: 5979: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5830: 5819: 5818: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5755: 5746: 5745: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5665: 5658: 5652: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5572: 5566: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5526: 5517: 5511: 5498: 5492: 5479: 5469: 5462: 5456: 5446: 5445:. 3 August 1903. 5439: 5433: 5427: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5363: 5361: 5334:Röhl, John C. G. 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5283: 5277: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5240: 5237:Connaughton 1988 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5166:db.history.go.kr 5158: 5152: 5149:Connaughton 1988 5146: 5140: 5134: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5092: 5086: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4932: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4819: 4737: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4723: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4696:Ehime Prefecture 4688:V plenu u sakury 4685: 4684: 4683:В плену у сакуры 4675: 4674: 4571: 4570: 4346:Brown of Moukden 4163:and the gunboat 4086:woodblock prints 4046:7–31 July 1905: 4035:27–28 May 1905: 4030:Battle of Mukden 3989:20 August 1904: 3980:Battle off Ulsan 3978:14 August 1904: 3967:10 August 1904: 3932:25–26 May 1904: 3760:; Singapore and 3729:Admiral Nelson's 3643:Treaty of Berlin 3633:Military results 3628: 3623:, In the Storm, 3579:Jawaharlal Nehru 3541:Lothrop Stoddard 3537:W. E. B. Du Bois 3408:Effects on Japan 3326:Emperor Hirohito 3248:for his effort. 3118:Kataoka Shichirō 3065:Singapore Strait 3061:French Indochina 2994:Battle of Mukden 2988:Battle of Mukden 2978:Oskar Gripenberg 2945:Battle of Mukden 2932: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2912: 2910: 2869: 2845: 2837: 2833:Campaign of 1905 2820:, hunghutze, or 2742: 2672:Mikhail Zasulich 2560:breakout attempt 2408:, Korea, in 1904 2381:Campaign of 1904 2329:at Port Arthur. 2116:Coastal Defence 2073: 2069: 1943:vulnerable to us 1802:Saint Petersburg 1770: 1769: 1888–1918 1768: 1746:Yamagata Aritomo 1664:Tsar Nicholas II 1457:Kingdom of Korea 1405:social Darwinist 1246:Russia sought a 1197: 1190: 1183: 1099:Entente Cordiale 1075:Fashoda Incident 1045:Bulgarian Crisis 974: 959: 958: 844: 842: 831: 824: 817: 808: 807: 670: 668: 658: 651: 644: 635: 634: 621:Material losses: 586:Material losses: 524:Kataoka Shichirō 522: 521: 520: 510: 509: 508: 498: 497: 496: 486: 485: 484: 474: 473: 472: 462: 461: 460: 450: 449: 448: 440:Yamagata Aritomo 438: 437: 436: 426: 425: 424: 414: 413: 412: 400: 399: 398: 385: 381: 380: 379: 368: 367: 366: 359: 357: 347: 346: 345: 336: 326: 325: 324: 314: 313: 312: 304:Mikhail Zasulich 302: 301: 300: 292:Oskar Gripenberg 290: 289: 288: 281: 272: 271: 270: 262: 252: 251: 250: 240: 239: 238: 226: 225: 224: 204: 200: 198: 197: 183: 179: 177: 176: 121:Japanese victory 83: 82: 40: 28: 27: 13830: 13829: 13825: 13824: 13823: 13821: 13820: 13819: 13740: 13739: 13738: 13733: 13714:Vasily Golovnin 13692: 13634: 13608: 13572: 13483:Milna (volcano) 13463:Lomonosov Group 13438:Karpinsky Group 13336: 13292:Polonsky Island 13267:Lowuschki Rocks 13262:Kunashir Island 13242:Habomai Islands 13232:Chyornye Bratya 13195: 13190: 13160: 13155: 13094:Boxer Rebellion 13052: 12916: 12870:Treaty of Paris 12835: 12829: 12762:New Imperialism 12723:Ottoman decline 12706: 12653:Triple Alliance 12641: 12602:Austria-Hungary 12590: 12585: 12555: 12550: 12522: 12463: 12457: 12448:War of Dagestan 12222: 12195:August Uprising 12064: 12058: 12047:Boxer Rebellion 12015:Amur Annexation 11816: 11810: 11714: 11708: 11689:War of Dagestan 11669:August Uprising 11623: 11545: 11495: 11476: 11446: 11441: 11427:Yasukuni Shrine 11361: 11338: 11280: 11234: 11180: 11132:Tripartite Pact 11127:Rape of Nanking 11068: 11054:Tapani incident 10998: 10974:Boxer Rebellion 10932: 10912: 10876: 10867: 10816: 10807: 10742: 10722: 10716:Representatives 10684: 10681: 10680:Legislative and 10673: 10639:Foreign Affairs 10602: 10599: 10584: 10483: 10462:Government Seal 10447:Rising Sun Flag 10430: 10424: 10416: 10408: 10395: 10386: 10288: 10286:Empire of Japan 10283: 10210: 10189:Wayback Machine 10158:Wayback Machine 10125: 10122: 10073: 10024: 10019: 10012:Tomitch, V. M. 10006: 9984: 9982: 9961: 9959: 9919: 9890: 9820:Wayback Machine 9755:Kowner, Rotem. 9696:Wayback Machine 9668: 9666:Further reading 9663: 9657: 9638: 9619: 9600: 9579: 9549: 9548:978-019926191-8 9526: 9525:978-033306868-7 9503: 9414: 9413:978-900414284-8 9391: 9355: 9353: 9346: 9345:978-052184431-4 9330:Röhl, John C.G. 9319: 9317: 9310: 9286: 9267: 9248: 9247:978-052182408-8 9212: 9210: 9183:Wayback Machine 9166:Kowner, Rotem. 9160: 9113: 9111: 9104: 9083: 9064: 9033:Wayback Machine 8990: 8960: 8959: 8955: 8933: 8906: 8900: 8895: 8894: 8884: 8882: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8851: 8847: 8837: 8835: 8818: 8814: 8804: 8802: 8789: 8788: 8784: 8774: 8772: 8759: 8758: 8754: 8745: 8744: 8740: 8735:Wayback Machine 8721: 8717: 8707: 8705: 8692: 8688: 8675: 8671: 8661: 8659: 8646: 8642: 8632: 8630: 8617: 8613: 8603: 8601: 8588: 8584: 8574: 8572: 8559: 8555: 8545: 8543: 8530: 8526: 8516: 8514: 8513:on 21 June 2017 8501: 8500: 8496: 8486: 8484: 8471: 8467: 8462:Wayback Machine 8448: 8444: 8434: 8432: 8419: 8415: 8405: 8403: 8383: 8379: 8372: 8371:978-081121888-7 8358: 8354: 8341: 8337: 8327: 8325: 8318: 8302: 8298: 8288: 8286: 8270: 8266: 8260:Wayback Machine 8246: 8242: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8214:Wayback Machine 8201:Wayback Machine 8191: 8187: 8181:Wayback Machine 8165: 8163: 8150: 8149:German text in 8148: 8144: 8134: 8132: 8131:on 7 March 2016 8125:Editions Orphée 8119: 8118: 8114: 8108:Wayback Machine 8097: 8093: 8087:Wayback Machine 8076: 8072: 8066:Wayback Machine 8055:Wayback Machine 8041: 8037: 8027: 8025: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7967: 7965: 7950: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7911: 7907: 7899: 7895: 7890: 7886: 7864: 7863: 7859: 7849: 7847: 7840: 7818: 7811: 7788: 7781: 7771: 7769: 7765: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7740: 7730: 7728: 7727:on 4 March 2009 7711: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7675: 7671: 7664: 7663:978-041521478-0 7642: 7638: 7622: 7616: 7612: 7590: 7588: 7580: 7579: 7575: 7570:Wayback Machine 7530: 7526: 7516: 7514: 7507: 7506:978-140511044-0 7489: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7466: 7465:978-113738460-7 7450: 7446: 7434: 7430: 7425:Wayback Machine 7411: 7407: 7402:Wayback Machine 7392: 7388: 7381: 7367: 7363: 7356: 7342: 7338: 7315:10.2307/1432992 7299: 7295: 7250: 7246: 7203: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7179: 7175: 7167: 7163: 7155: 7151: 7143: 7134: 7124: 7122: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7100: 7096: 7085: 7083: 7068: 7067: 7060: 7043: 7039: 7029: 7027: 7020: 7002: 6998: 6988: 6986: 6968: 6964: 6954: 6952: 6945: 6929: 6925: 6917: 6913: 6905: 6898: 6888: 6886: 6876: 6872: 6862: 6860: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6832: 6830: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6806: 6804: 6785: 6778: 6765: 6761: 6751: 6749: 6742: 6726: 6722: 6713: 6709: 6702: 6682: 6675: 6665: 6663: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6635: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6610: 6606: 6598: 6594: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6570: 6563: 6562:978-159884741-3 6555:. p. 345. 6543: 6539: 6529: 6527: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6501: 6492: 6485: 6465: 6461: 6453: 6442: 6434: 6430: 6422: 6418: 6410: 6406: 6398: 6394: 6386: 6382: 6374: 6370: 6362: 6358: 6350: 6346: 6333: 6329: 6309: 6305: 6297: 6293: 6285: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6242: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6218: 6211: 6201: 6199: 6189: 6185: 6176: 6172: 6162:Wayback Machine 6153: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6111: 6107: 6097: 6095: 6082: 6078: 6066:Wayback Machine 6057: 6053: 6039:Wayback Machine 6021: 6017: 6007: 6005: 5998:The Japan Times 5990: 5983: 5968: 5952: 5948: 5933: 5917: 5913: 5901: 5897: 5882: 5866: 5862: 5847: 5831: 5822: 5807: 5791: 5787: 5772: 5756: 5749: 5734: 5718: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5624: 5608: 5604: 5596: 5592: 5584: 5575: 5567: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5527: 5520: 5512: 5501: 5493: 5482: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5428: 5421: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5359: 5357: 5350: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5295: 5286: 5278: 5267: 5259: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5239:, pp. 7–8. 5235: 5231: 5223: 5219: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5184: 5180: 5170: 5168: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5135: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5104: 5095: 5087: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5038: 5029: 5021: 5017: 5009: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4959: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4930: 4928: 4921: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4876:Matthew White. 4874: 4867: 4850: 4843: 4820: 4813: 4808: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4700:prisoner of war 4524: 4518: 4401:Shunrō Oshikawa 4315:Heihachirō Tōgō 4293:George Griffith 4281: 4265:epistolary poem 4256: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4231:Blaise Cendrars 4219: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4191: 4127: 4110:Mykola Samokysh 4062: 4057: 4055:Cultural legacy 4016:Battle of Shaho 3900: 3894: 3892:List of battles 3843: 3837: 3788:Battle of Shaho 3780: 3774: 3740:, New Zealand; 3710:Mukden Incident 3689:Japanese Empire 3639:Black Sea Fleet 3635: 3629: 3619: 3520: 3483:Angelo Agostini 3467: 3462: 3437:Sakhalin Island 3424: 3412:Main articles: 3410: 3402:Józef Piłsudski 3368: 3356:Austria-Hungary 3334: 3296:, 1904 or 1905. 3282: 3250:George E. Mowry 3144: 3138: 3133: 3125:suing for peace 3070:Tsushima Strait 3041:Tōgō Heihachirō 3027: 3021: 2996: 2990: 2974: 2968: 2960:Battle of Shaho 2933: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2870: 2868: 2858: 2846: 2835: 2798: 2757: 2740: 2699:Wilgelm Vitgeft 2691: 2685: 2659: 2638: 2621:Anatoly Stessel 2578: 2572: 2564:Wilgelm Vitgeft 2493:pre-dreadnought 2473: 2461:Kuroki Tamemoto 2414:Tōgō Heihachirō 2398: 2392: 2383: 2339:British Embassy 2317:Japan issued a 2315: 2068: 2027: 2010: 2005: 1832:Austria-Hungary 1787:Maurice Rouvier 1765: 1721: 1696: 1690: 1688:Boxer Rebellion 1645:Boxer Rebellion 1624: 1577:Gojong of Korea 1508: 1480: 1434: 1366:Keio University 1358: 1353: 1248:warm-water port 1213:Japanese Empire 1201: 1172: 1033:Triple Alliance 957: 952: 938:China (1937–45) 909:Tsingtao (1914) 896: 845: 841:Empire of Japan 840: 837: 835: 805: 800: 766:2nd Port Arthur 730: 688:1st Port Arthur 671: 666: 664: 662: 603: 581:74,369 captured 578:146,032 wounded 528: 518: 516: 506: 504: 500:Tōgō Heihachirō 494: 492: 482: 480: 476:Kuroki Tamemoto 470: 468: 458: 456: 446: 444: 434: 432: 422: 420: 410: 408: 396: 394: 388: 377: 375: 374: 364: 362: 353: 349:Wilgelm Vitgeft 343: 341: 340: 332: 322: 320: 310: 308: 298: 296: 286: 284: 274:Anatoly Stessel 268: 266: 258: 248: 246: 236: 234: 222: 220: 207: 195: 193: 186: 174: 172: 127: 113: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13828: 13818: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13735: 13734: 13732: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13719:Takadaya Kahei 13716: 13711: 13706: 13700: 13698: 13694: 13693: 13691: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13674: 13673: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13635: 13633: 13632: 13630:Yuzhno-Kurilsk 13627: 13625:Severo-Kurilsk 13622: 13616: 13614: 13610: 13609: 13607: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13580: 13578: 13574: 13573: 13571: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 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12894: 12893: 12892: 12890:Martens Clause 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12856: 12855: 12845: 12839: 12837: 12831: 12830: 12828: 12827: 12826: 12825: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12804: 12803: 12802: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12776: 12775: 12774: 12772:Egyptian Lever 12759: 12757:Pax Britannica 12754: 12753: 12752: 12742: 12741: 12740: 12738:Sovereign debt 12735: 12730: 12720: 12714: 12712: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12683: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12665:Triple Entente 12662: 12661: 12660: 12649: 12647: 12643: 12642: 12640: 12639: 12634: 12632:United Kingdom 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12598: 12596: 12592: 12591: 12584: 12583: 12576: 12569: 12561: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12531:Russian Winter 12527: 12524: 12523: 12521: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12499: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12473: 12467: 12465: 12459: 12458: 12456: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12358:Vlora incident 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12309: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12297: 12296: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12270: 12269: 12259: 12254: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12186: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12128: 12123: 12121:Sochi conflict 12118: 12113: 12108: 12107: 12106: 12091: 12090: 12089: 12079: 12074: 12068: 12066: 12060: 12059: 12057: 12056: 12055: 12054: 12044: 12039: 12038: 12037: 12032: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12011: 12010: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11979: 11978: 11973: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11847: 11842: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11820: 11818: 11812: 11811: 11809: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11754: 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11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11097:Musha Incident 11094: 11089: 11087:Jinan incident 11084: 11078: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11067: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11008: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10944:Beipu uprising 10941: 10935: 10933: 10928: 10922: 10918: 10917: 10914: 10913: 10911: 10910: 10908:Treaty Faction 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10879: 10877: 10872: 10869: 10868: 10866: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10838:Imperial Guard 10835: 10830: 10825: 10819: 10817: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10779: 10778: 10763: 10762: 10761: 10756: 10745: 10743: 10738: 10732: 10728: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10719: 10718: 10713: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10687: 10685: 10678: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10605: 10603: 10598:Administration 10596: 10590: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10491: 10489: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10481: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10449: 10444: 10438: 10436: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10420: 10412: 10403: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10389: 10387: 10385: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10363: 10362: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10296: 10294: 10290: 10289: 10282: 10281: 10274: 10267: 10259: 10253: 10252: 10242: 10237: 10227: 10208: 10196: 10179: 10173: 10167: 10161: 10148: 10139: 10121: 10120:External links 10118: 10117: 10116: 10106: 10096: 10081: 10072: 10071:Historiography 10069: 10068: 10067: 10057: 10046: 10039: 10032: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10017: 10010: 10004: 9991: 9968: 9945: 9938: 9923: 9917: 9894: 9888: 9875: 9868: 9851: 9830: 9803:Morris, Edmund 9800: 9786: 9772: 9753: 9743: 9721: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9685: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9661: 9655: 9642: 9636: 9623: 9617: 9604: 9598: 9583: 9577: 9564: 9553: 9547: 9530: 9524: 9507: 9501: 9488: 9449: 9448: 9447: 9429:(1): 250–251. 9412: 9395: 9389: 9376: 9362: 9344: 9326: 9308: 9290: 9284: 9271: 9265: 9252: 9246: 9233: 9219: 9191:(April 1906). 9185: 9164: 9158: 9143: 9120: 9102: 9087: 9082:978-0230205468 9081: 9068: 9062: 9049: 9035: 9013:10.2307/129919 9007:(4): 396–411. 8994: 8988: 8973: 8953: 8937: 8931: 8918: 8907: 8902:Main article: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8862: 8845: 8812: 8782: 8752: 8738: 8722:Derek Linney, 8715: 8686: 8669: 8640: 8611: 8582: 8553: 8524: 8494: 8465: 8442: 8413: 8377: 8370: 8352: 8335: 8316: 8296: 8285:on 9 June 2015 8264: 8240: 8218: 8185: 8142: 8112: 8091: 8070: 8035: 8018:New York Times 8005: 7975: 7941: 7905: 7901:Steinberg 2008 7893: 7884: 7857: 7838: 7809: 7779: 7738: 7705: 7693: 7681: 7679:, p. 844. 7669: 7662: 7636: 7610: 7573: 7524: 7505: 7483: 7464: 7444: 7428: 7414:Trans-Himalaya 7405: 7386: 7379: 7361: 7354: 7336: 7293: 7244: 7197: 7185: 7181:Steinberg 2008 7173: 7169:Steinberg 2008 7161: 7149: 7145:Steinberg 2008 7132: 7106: 7104:, p. 342. 7094: 7058: 7037: 7018: 6996: 6962: 6943: 6923: 6911: 6896: 6870: 6840: 6829:. 16 June 2006 6814: 6776: 6759: 6740: 6720: 6707: 6700: 6673: 6656:New York Times 6641: 6639:, p. 272. 6629: 6617: 6604: 6592: 6580: 6561: 6537: 6507: 6490: 6483: 6477:. p. 35. 6459: 6440: 6428: 6416: 6404: 6392: 6380: 6368: 6356: 6344: 6327: 6303: 6291: 6279: 6236: 6224: 6209: 6183: 6170: 6147: 6117: 6105: 6076: 6074:, 21 Aug. 2018 6051: 6015: 5992:Hiroaki Sato. 5981: 5966: 5946: 5931: 5911: 5895: 5880: 5860: 5845: 5820: 5805: 5785: 5770: 5747: 5732: 5712: 5700: 5688: 5676: 5653: 5651:, p. 397. 5641: 5622: 5602: 5600:, p. 411. 5590: 5588:, p. 269. 5573: 5571:, p. 263. 5558: 5556:, p. 164. 5546: 5518: 5516:, p. 101. 5499: 5480: 5457: 5434: 5432:, p. 102. 5419: 5407: 5395: 5393:, p. 163. 5383: 5371: 5348: 5325: 5323:, p. 183. 5313: 5311:, p. 182. 5301: 5299:, p. 165. 5284: 5282:, p. 121. 5265: 5253: 5251:, p. 320. 5241: 5229: 5217: 5215:, p. 317. 5205: 5198: 5178: 5153: 5141: 5122: 5110: 5108:, p. 137. 5093: 5074: 5044: 5027: 5015: 4990: 4978: 4966: 4953: 4949:Steinberg 2008 4941: 4919: 4899: 4865: 4841: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4753:Outline of war 4750: 4748:Kaneko Kentarō 4745: 4739: 4738: 4724: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4663: 4651: 4643: 4623: 4614:Toshiro Mifune 4605: 4593: 4581: 4578:Toshiro Mifune 4557: 4549: 4541: 4537:Kreiser Varyag 4533: 4517: 4514: 4497:Erast Fandorin 4471:Valentin Pikul 4378:For the Mikado 4338:Herbert Strang 4280: 4277: 4242: 4209: 4190: 4187: 4131:Amurskie volny 4126: 4123: 4118:Niko Pirosmani 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4044: 4033: 4026: 4025:: Inconclusive 4019: 4018:: Inconclusive 4012: 4005: 3998: 3987: 3976: 3965: 3960:31 July 1904: 3958: 3953:24 July 1904: 3951: 3946:17 July 1904: 3944: 3937: 3930: 3923: 3912: 3911:, inconclusive 3893: 3890: 3836: 3833: 3810:In 1904–1905, 3776:Main article: 3773: 3770: 3667:trench warfare 3634: 3631: 3621:Rosa Luxemburg 3617: 3604:Józef Mehoffer 3583:Ottoman Empire 3554:Ottoman Empire 3519: 3516: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3409: 3406: 3367: 3364: 3333: 3330: 3318:ritual suicide 3281: 3278: 3270:Akiko Yamanaka 3266:prime minister 3184:Inuyama, Aichi 3140:Main article: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3081:Combined Fleet 3023:Main article: 3020: 3017: 2992:Main article: 2989: 2986: 2970:Main article: 2967: 2964: 2935: 2934: 2849: 2847: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2797: 2794: 2756: 2753: 2695:Stepan Makarov 2687:Main article: 2684: 2681: 2658: 2655: 2637: 2634: 2594:L/10 howitzers 2574:Main article: 2571: 2568: 2472: 2469: 2457:Emperor Gojong 2394:Main article: 2391: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2272:Torpedo Boats 2269: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2067: 2064: 2026: 2023: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1720: 1717: 1702:Troops of the 1689: 1686: 1623: 1620: 1507: 1504: 1479: 1476: 1466:Masao Maruyama 1433: 1430: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1308:Russian Empire 1217:Russian Empire 1203: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1192: 1185: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1162: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1129:Bosnian Crisis 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1012: 1006: 1000: 994: 988: 979: 976: 975: 967: 966: 954: 953: 951: 950: 945: 940: 935: 922: 921: 916: 911: 898: 897: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 864:Ganghwa (1875) 861: 850: 847: 846: 834: 833: 826: 819: 811: 802: 801: 799: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 729: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 695: 690: 677: 676: 673: 672: 661: 660: 653: 646: 638: 630: 629: 628: 627: 618: 617: 614: 611: 608: 597: 596: 595: 592: 583: 582: 579: 576: 573: 562: 561: 557: 556: 555: 554: 553:650,000 (peak) 546: 545: 544: 543:700,000 (peak) 535: 534: 530: 529: 527: 526: 514: 502: 490: 478: 466: 454: 452:Kodama Gentarō 442: 430: 418: 406: 391: 389: 387: 386: 372: 360: 338: 328:Stepan Makarov 318: 306: 294: 282: 264: 244: 232: 217: 214: 213: 209: 208: 206: 205: 189: 187: 185: 184: 168: 165: 164: 160: 159: 156: 155: 154: 153: 152: 151: 129: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 97: 95: 91: 90: 87: 79: 78: 49:under fire at 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13827: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13765:1905 in Japan 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13755:1904 in Japan 13753: 13751: 13748: 13747: 13745: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13724:Matsumae clan 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13701: 13699: 13695: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13672: 13669: 13668: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13637: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13611: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13599:Cape Koritsky 13597: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13584:Bussol Strait 13582: 13581: 13579: 13575: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13513:Sarychev Peak 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13453:Kolokol Group 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13368:Bogatyr Ridge 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13345: 13343: 13339: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13198: 13194: 13193:Kuril Islands 13187: 13182: 13180: 13175: 13173: 13168: 13167: 13164: 13152: 13149: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13116: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13109:Italo-Turkish 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13064:Russo-Turkish 13062: 13061: 13059: 13055: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13037: 13036:Treaty of Fes 13034: 13033: 13032: 13031:Agadir Crisis 13029: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12993: 12990: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12980: 12976: 12975: 12974: 12971: 12970: 12968: 12966: 12965: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12925: 12923: 12919: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12891: 12888: 12887: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12854: 12851: 12850: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12840: 12838: 12832: 12824: 12821: 12820: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12781: 12780: 12777: 12773: 12770: 12769: 12768: 12765: 12764: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12751: 12748: 12747: 12746: 12743: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12725: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12715: 12713: 12709: 12703: 12702:Balkan League 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12667: 12666: 12663: 12659: 12658:Dual Alliance 12656: 12655: 12654: 12651: 12650: 12648: 12644: 12638: 12637:United States 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12599: 12597: 12593: 12589: 12582: 12577: 12575: 12570: 12568: 12563: 12562: 12559: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12528: 12525: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12497: 12496:2022 invasion 12494: 12492: 12491:War in Donbas 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12478: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12460: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12328:Ili Rebellion 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12295: 12292: 12291: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12249: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12226: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12133: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12100: 12097: 12096: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12069: 12067: 12061: 12053: 12050: 12049: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12027: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12009: 12006: 12005: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11968: 11967: 11966:Caucasian War 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11821: 11819: 11813: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11711: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11630: 11620: 11617: 11613: 11610: 11609: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11554: 11552: 11548: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11508: 11505: 11502: 11498: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11481: 11473: 11468: 11466: 11461: 11459: 11454: 11453: 11450: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11382:Fukoku kyōhei 11380: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11368: 11356: 11353: 11352: 11351: 11348: 11347: 11345: 11341: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11287: 11283: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11243: 11241: 11239:Puppet states 11237: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11210: 11209: 11204: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11194: 11191: 11187: 11177: 11174: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11075: 11071: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11018: 11015: 11014: 11013: 11010: 11009: 11007: 11005: 11001: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10926: 10923: 10919: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10903:Fleet Faction 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10883:General Staff 10881: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10870: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10823:General Staff 10821: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10810: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10777: 10776:military code 10775: 10771: 10770: 10769: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10750: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10736: 10733: 10729: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10706:Imperial Diet 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10696:Privy Council 10694: 10692: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10676: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10614:Home Ministry 10612: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10594: 10591: 10587: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10486: 10480: 10477: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10457:Imperial Seal 10455: 10454: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10442:Flag of Japan 10440: 10439: 10437: 10433: 10427: 10421: 10419: 10413: 10411: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10398: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10280: 10275: 10273: 10268: 10266: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10235: 10231: 10228: 10223: 10221: 10214: 10209: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10199:CSmonitor.com 10197: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10183: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10171: 10168: 10165: 10162: 10159: 10155: 10152: 10149: 10145: 10140: 10136: 10135: 10129: 10124: 10123: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10094: 10093:0-87021-359-8 10090: 10086: 10082: 10079: 10075: 10074: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10053: 10047: 10044: 10040: 10037: 10033: 10030: 10026: 10025: 10022:Illustrations 10015: 10011: 10007: 10001: 9997: 9992: 9980: 9976: 9975: 9969: 9957: 9953: 9952: 9946: 9943: 9939: 9936: 9935:0-465-05792-6 9932: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9914: 9910: 9906: 9902: 9901: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9881: 9876: 9873: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9859: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9814: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9785: 9781: 9777: 9773: 9770: 9769:0-415-54582-X 9766: 9765:0-8108-4927-5 9762: 9759:. Scarecrow. 9758: 9754: 9751: 9747: 9746:Kowner, Rotem 9744: 9741: 9740:0-87021-893-X 9737: 9733: 9729: 9726: 9722: 9720:(Tokyo, 1904) 9719: 9718: 9713: 9710: 9706: 9703: 9699: 9697: 9693: 9690: 9686: 9683: 9682:1-55750-129-7 9679: 9675: 9671: 9670: 9658: 9652: 9648: 9643: 9639: 9637:0-333-63742-9 9633: 9630:. Macmillan. 9629: 9624: 9620: 9618:0-85368-912-1 9614: 9610: 9605: 9601: 9599:9780883270318 9595: 9591: 9590: 9584: 9580: 9574: 9570: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9554: 9550: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9516: 9515: 9508: 9504: 9498: 9495:. Routledge. 9494: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9456: 9450: 9444: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9419: 9418: 9415: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9396: 9392: 9390:0-7385-0508-0 9386: 9382: 9377: 9374: 9368: 9363: 9351: 9347: 9341: 9337: 9336: 9331: 9327: 9315: 9311: 9309:0-521-81714-5 9305: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9294:Paine, S.C.M. 9291: 9287: 9281: 9277: 9272: 9268: 9262: 9258: 9253: 9249: 9243: 9239: 9234: 9231: 9225: 9220: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9177: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9159:0-375-40052-4 9155: 9151: 9150: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9133:(1): 95–103. 9132: 9128: 9127: 9121: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9095: 9094: 9088: 9084: 9078: 9074: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9055: 9050: 9047: 9041: 9036: 9034: 9030: 9027: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9002: 9001: 8995: 8991: 8985: 8981: 8980: 8974: 8970: 8964: 8956: 8954:0-415-00906-5 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8932:0-297-84913-1 8928: 8924: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8908: 8905: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8856: 8855: 8849: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8824: 8816: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8756: 8748: 8742: 8736: 8732: 8729: 8725: 8719: 8703: 8699: 8698: 8690: 8682: 8681: 8673: 8657: 8653: 8652: 8644: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8615: 8599: 8595: 8594: 8586: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8557: 8541: 8537: 8536: 8528: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8498: 8482: 8478: 8477: 8469: 8463: 8459: 8456: 8452: 8446: 8430: 8426: 8425: 8417: 8401: 8398:(12): 40–41. 8397: 8393: 8389: 8381: 8373: 8367: 8363: 8356: 8348: 8347: 8339: 8323: 8319: 8317:9780520202375 8313: 8309: 8308: 8300: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8268: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8215: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8202: 8198: 8195: 8189: 8182: 8178: 8175: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8146: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8116: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8095: 8088: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8074: 8067: 8063: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8039: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8009: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7948: 7946: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7916: 7915:"Asia Rising" 7909: 7902: 7897: 7888: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7861: 7845: 7841: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7816: 7814: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7784: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7749: 7742: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7717: 7709: 7702: 7701:Strachan 2003 7697: 7690: 7685: 7678: 7677:Strachan 2003 7673: 7665: 7659: 7655: 7650: 7649: 7640: 7632: 7628: 7627:History Today 7621: 7614: 7606: 7605:Le Socialiste 7602: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7528: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7487: 7471: 7467: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7448: 7441: 7438:, p. 24( 7437: 7432: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7399: 7396: 7390: 7382: 7376: 7372: 7365: 7357: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7297: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7256: 7248: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7201: 7195:, p. 83. 7194: 7189: 7182: 7177: 7170: 7165: 7159:, p. 84. 7158: 7153: 7146: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7120: 7116: 7110: 7103: 7098: 7081: 7077: 7072: 7065: 7063: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7041: 7025: 7021: 7019:1-873410-86-7 7015: 7011: 7007: 7000: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6966: 6950: 6946: 6944:0-8047-2327-3 6940: 6936: 6935: 6927: 6920: 6915: 6909:, p. 86. 6908: 6903: 6901: 6885: 6884:Russia Beyond 6881: 6874: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6783: 6781: 6772: 6771: 6763: 6747: 6743: 6741:9780813111742 6737: 6733: 6732: 6724: 6717: 6711: 6703: 6701:0-85345-386-1 6697: 6693: 6689: 6688: 6680: 6678: 6661: 6657: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6633: 6626: 6621: 6614: 6608: 6601: 6596: 6590:, p. 22. 6589: 6584: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6541: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6505:, p. 85. 6504: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6486: 6484:9780367438654 6480: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6463: 6457:, p. 84. 6456: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6438:, p. 53. 6437: 6432: 6426:, p. 50. 6425: 6420: 6413: 6408: 6402:, p. 86. 6401: 6396: 6390:, p. 65. 6389: 6384: 6377: 6372: 6366:, p. 55. 6365: 6360: 6354:, p. 42. 6353: 6348: 6340: 6339: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6307: 6300: 6295: 6288: 6283: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6240: 6233: 6228: 6221: 6216: 6214: 6198: 6197:Russia Beyond 6194: 6187: 6180: 6174: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6151: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6115:, p. 34. 6114: 6109: 6093: 6089: 6088: 6080: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6063: 6060: 6055: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6024:Enjiro Yamaza 6019: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5988: 5986: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5967:0-304-36657-9 5963: 5959: 5958: 5950: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5924: 5923: 5915: 5907: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5877: 5873: 5872: 5864: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5846:0-304-36657-9 5842: 5838: 5837: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5789: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5771:0-304-36657-9 5767: 5763: 5762: 5754: 5752: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5733:0-304-36657-9 5729: 5725: 5724: 5716: 5710:, p. 21. 5709: 5704: 5697: 5692: 5686:, p. 42. 5685: 5680: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5650: 5645: 5629: 5625: 5623:0-8179-6583-1 5619: 5615: 5614: 5606: 5599: 5594: 5587: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5570: 5565: 5563: 5555: 5550: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5525: 5523: 5515: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5496: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5467: 5461: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5431: 5426: 5424: 5416: 5411: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5380: 5375: 5368: 5355: 5351: 5349:9780521844314 5345: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5310: 5305: 5298: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5281: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5263:, p. 96. 5262: 5257: 5250: 5245: 5238: 5233: 5227:, p. 11. 5226: 5221: 5214: 5209: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5182: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5138: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5119: 5114: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5090: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5042:, p. 20. 5041: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5024: 5019: 5013:, p. 17. 5012: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4988:, p. 16. 4987: 4982: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4957: 4950: 4945: 4938: 4926: 4922: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4903: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4872: 4870: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4848: 4846: 4837: 4833: 4830:. p. 6. 4829: 4825: 4818: 4816: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4725: 4722: 4721:Russia portal 4711: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4632:Sidney Reilly 4629: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4609:Battle Anthem 4606: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4505: 4504:Shiba Ryōtarō 4500: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4409:Kaitei Gunkan 4406: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4390:naval fiction 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4327: 4324:, before the 4323: 4322: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4305: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4240: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4225: 4224:Emperor Meiji 4218: 4207: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4195:Nogi Maresuke 4186: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4151: 4150:Stepan Petrov 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4132: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4106:Petropavlovsk 4103: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4075: 4066: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3847:gold reserves 3842: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3821:field marshal 3817: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3746:British India 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3702:Kwantung Army 3699: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3626: 3625:Le Socialiste 3622: 3616: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3515: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3322:Emperor Meiji 3319: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3290:woodcut print 3286: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3235: 3233: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3193:Bloody Sunday 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3082: 3079:The Japanese 3077: 3073: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3031: 3026: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3000: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2931: 2928: 2920: 2917:February 2018 2909: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2878: – 2877: 2873: 2872:Find sources: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2850:This section 2848: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2830: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2750: 2749: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2630:court-martial 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2605: 2601: 2599: 2598:capital ships 2595: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2542: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2527: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2509:Petropavlovsk 2506: 2505: 2500: 2499: 2498:Petropavlovsk 2494: 2489: 2487: 2477: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2387: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2328: 2325:attacked the 2324: 2320: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2088:Total Russia 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1929: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1889:accomplished. 1887: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1835: 1833: 1827: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1777: 1772: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1742:Komura Jutarō 1739: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1716: 1713: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1660:Korean Empire 1657: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1573:Gyeongbokgung 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1553:Beiyang Fleet 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1524:against China 1517: 1512: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1450:Imperial Diet 1447: 1443: 1438: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1385: 1384: 1378: 1375: 1367: 1362: 1348: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292:39th parallel 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1252:Pacific Ocean 1249: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225:Korean Empire 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1015:Dual Alliance 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 982: 981: 980: 978: 977: 973: 969: 968: 965: 961: 960: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 930: 929: 928: 927: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 906: 905: 904: 903: 902:Taishō period 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 869:Ryukyu (1879) 867: 865: 862: 860: 859:Taiwan (1874) 857: 856: 855: 854: 848: 843: 832: 827: 825: 820: 818: 813: 812: 809: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 737: 736: 735: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 700: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 685: 684: 683: 682: 681:Naval battles 674: 669: 659: 654: 652: 647: 645: 640: 639: 636: 625: 624: 623: 622: 615: 612: 609: 606: 605: 604: 602: 598: 593: 590: 589: 588: 587: 580: 577: 574: 571: 570: 569: 568: 564: 563: 558: 552: 551: 550: 547: 542: 541: 540: 537: 536: 531: 525: 515: 513: 503: 501: 491: 489: 479: 477: 467: 465: 464:Nogi Maresuke 455: 453: 443: 441: 431: 429: 419: 417: 407: 405: 404: 403:Emperor Meiji 393: 392: 390: 384: 373: 371: 361: 358: 356: 350: 339: 337: 335: 329: 319: 317: 307: 305: 295: 293: 283: 280: 275: 265: 263: 261: 255: 245: 243: 233: 231: 230: 219: 218: 216: 215: 210: 203: 191: 190: 188: 182: 170: 169: 167: 166: 161: 150: 146: 143: 142: 140: 136: 133:Russia cedes 132: 131: 130: 125: 124: 120: 117: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 93: 92: 88: 85: 84: 80: 77: 73: 69: 68: 63: 62: 56: 52: 48: 47: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 13655: 13468:Lvinaya Past 13428:Grozny Group 13103: 12977: 12973:Anglo-German 12962: 12834:Treaties and 12595:Great powers 12247:World War II 12071: 11771:Smolensk War 11737:Livonian War 11370:Other topics 11206: 11049:Taishō Roman 10983: 10803:Conscription 10773: 10765: 10740:Armed Forces 10600:(ministries) 10500:Charter Oath 10495:Constitution 10377:State Shinto 10360:Essentialism 10310:Demographics 10233: 10230:Stanford.edu 10219: 10202: 10132: 10109: 10099: 10084: 10077: 10060: 10051: 10042: 10035: 10028: 10013: 9995: 9983:. Retrieved 9973: 9960:. Retrieved 9950: 9944:28#3 (2016). 9941: 9926: 9899: 9879: 9871: 9863: 9857: 9836: 9813:Google Books 9808:Theodore Rex 9806: 9789: 9775: 9756: 9749: 9731: 9724: 9715: 9708: 9701: 9673: 9646: 9627: 9608: 9588: 9568: 9558: 9534: 9513: 9492: 9459: 9453: 9426: 9422: 9399: 9380: 9366: 9356:16 September 9354:. Retrieved 9334: 9320:20 September 9318:. Retrieved 9298: 9275: 9256: 9237: 9223: 9211:. Retrieved 9202: 9198: 9171: 9167: 9148: 9130: 9124: 9114:20 September 9112:. Retrieved 9092: 9072: 9053: 9039: 9004: 8998: 8978: 8944: 8922: 8912: 8898:Bibliography 8883:. Retrieved 8874: 8865: 8853: 8848: 8838:20 September 8836:. Retrieved 8822: 8815: 8803:. Retrieved 8794: 8785: 8773:. Retrieved 8764: 8755: 8741: 8723: 8718: 8706:. Retrieved 8696: 8689: 8679: 8672: 8660:. Retrieved 8650: 8643: 8631:. Retrieved 8621: 8614: 8602:. Retrieved 8592: 8585: 8573:. Retrieved 8563: 8556: 8544:. Retrieved 8534: 8527: 8515:. Retrieved 8511:the original 8506: 8497: 8485:. 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In 1901, 1596:Wei-hai-Wei 1588:Port Arthur 1533:Yuan Shikai 1488:Afghanistan 1393:Inoue Kaoru 1340:great power 1260:Port Arthur 1256:Vladivostok 1165:July Crisis 1153:Balkan Wars 964:World War I 761:Tashihchiao 756:Motien Pass 229:Nicholas II 135:Port Arthur 126:Territorial 51:Port Arthur 13744:Categories 13548:Tri Sestry 13493:Prevo Peak 13433:Ivao Group 13363:Berutarube 13353:Atsonupuri 13287:Paramushir 13272:Makanrushi 12836:agreements 12784:Great Game 12750:Revanchism 12388:Ogaden War 12338:Korean War 12257:Winter War 12126:Heimosodat 11713:Tsardom of 11176:Occupation 11004:Taishō era 10949:Boshin War 10793:War crimes 10589:Government 10565:Tonarigumi 10472:Privy Seal 10467:State Seal 10425:(Hirohito) 10350:Militarism 10305:Censorship 9977:. Dutton. 9839:. London: 9578:0060145161 9462:(1): 1–7. 9056:. Osprey. 8947:. London. 8885:6 November 8775:19 January 8708:16 January 8662:16 January 8633:16 January 8604:16 January 8575:16 January 8546:16 January 8517:16 January 8487:16 January 8435:16 January 8166:17 January 7850:11 January 7761:: 53 n42. 7395:Wikisource 7309:(2): 263. 6889:6 November 6863:17 October 6833:6 November 6807:20 January 6600:Mahan 1906 6588:Watts 1990 6530:19 January 6503:Jukes 2002 6455:Jukes 2002 6320:. London: 6287:Jukes 2002 6262:sn86032152 6256:(3): 260. 6220:Jukes 2002 6202:5 November 6140:28 October 6098:28 October 6049:), p. 121. 5941:1319074558 5890:1319074558 5815:1319074558 5708:Jukes 2002 5696:Jukes 2002 5670:, p. 5249:Paine 2003 5225:Jukes 2002 5213:Paine 2003 5137:Jukes 2002 5118:Jukes 2002 5106:Hwang 2010 5089:Hwang 2010 4931:11 January 4892:17 October 4826:. London: 4806:References 4520:See also: 3896:See also: 3839:See also: 3718:militarism 3571:Sven Hedin 3473:After the 3460:Assessment 3395:the unrest 3351:modern era 3308:After the 3280:Casualties 3180:Meiji-mura 3053:Madagascar 2982:Kuropatkin 2887:newspapers 2777:Cape Route 2465:Yalu River 2137:Ironclads 2085:Black Sea 2076:Ship type 2059:en echelon 1946:agreement! 1928:relations: 1925:Manchurian 1913:free trade 1847:countries. 1762:Wilhelm II 1692:See also: 1468:to write: 1372:After the 1237:Yellow Sea 771:Hsimucheng 741:Yalu River 706:Yellow Sea 428:Ōyama Iwao 103:Yellow Sea 13488:Nemo Peak 13473:Medvezhya 13408:Fuss Peak 13341:Volcanoes 12799:Meiji era 12646:Alliances 12008:Åland War 11976:Murid War 11815:18th–19th 11377:Sonnō jōi 11329:Singapore 11314:Hong Kong 11276:Azad Hind 11251:Mengjiang 11246:Manchukuo 11220:Kantō-shū 11162:Surrender 11074:Shōwa era 11059:Truku War 10930:Meiji era 10898:Tokkeitai 10863:Kempeitai 10774:Senjinkun 10691:Daijō-kan 10654:Munitions 10535:Mokusatsu 10325:Education 10087:. 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