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awarding of individual contracts, the practical supervision of the construction, the inspection and acceptance of completed parts, and the paying of wages. The original advert contained all the information necessary to enable a contractor to make a realistic offer for completing the task. Contracts were normally awarded to the competitor offering the most complete service for the cheapest price. In the case of public buildings, the materials were normally provided by the public sponsor, exceptions were clarified in the contract. Contractors were usually only responsible for specific parts of the overall construction, as most businesses were small. Originally, payment was by person and day, but from the 5th century onward, payment by piece or construction stage became common.
5587:
3142:
234:. A multitude of different ground plans were developed, each of which could be combined with the superstructure in the different orders. Temples would be destroyed due to warfare in the Greek World or from lack of repairs. Some of these temples such as the temple of Poseidon Soter (The Savior) would be rebuilt outside of Athens after the defeat of the Persian Empire in 449. From the 3rd century onward, the construction of large temples became less common; after a short 2nd century BC flourish, it ceased nearly entirely in the 1st century BC. Thereafter, only smaller structures were started, while older temples continued to be renovated or brought to completion if in an unfinished state.
2937:
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31:
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3122:
2707:
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2335:
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159:
4950:. The columns had between 40 and 48 flutings, some of them cut to alternate between a wider and a narrower fluting. The oldest marble architraves of Greek architecture, found at the Artemision, also spanned the widest distances ever achieved in pure stone. The middle architrave block was 8.74 m long and weighed 24 metric tons; it had to be lifted to its final position, 20 m above ground, with a system of pulleys. Like its precedents, the temple used differentiated column widths in the front, and had a higher number of columns at the back. According to ancient sources,
4834:, the back even had ten columns. The front used differing column distances, with a wider central opening. In proportion to the bottom diameter, the columns reached three times the height of a Doric counterpart. 40 flutings enriched the complex surface structure of the column shafts. Samian column bases were decorated with a sequence of horizontal flutings, but in spite of this playfulness they weighed 1,500 kg a piece. The capitals of this structure were probably still entirely of wood, as was the entablature. Ionic volute capitals survive from the outer
3062:
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306:
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1123:
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1984:. Columns could reach a height of 20 m. To design such large architectural bodies harmoniously, a number of basic aesthetic principles were developed and tested already on the smaller temples. The main measurement was the foot, varying between 29 and 34 cm from region to region. This initial measurement was the basis for all the units that determined the shape of the temple. Important factors include the lower diameter of the columns and the width of their plinths. The distance between the column axes (
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50:
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3196:
585:
1663:
1195:
565:
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2443:, separate individual tableaux that could usually not contain more than three figures each, usually depicted individual scenes belonging to a broader context. It is rare for scenes to be distributed over several metopes; instead, a general narrative context, usually a battle, is created by the combination of multiple isolated scenes. Other thematical contexts could be depicted in this fashion. For example, the metopes at the front and back of the
10502:
795:
10512:
187:
3392:
4069:). All parts of this building are bulky and heavy, its columns reach a height of barely five times their bottom diameter and were very closely spaced with an intercolumniation of a single column width. The individual members of its Doric orders all differ considerably from the later canon, although all essential Doric features are present. Its ground plan of 8 by 17 columns, probably pseudoperipteral, is unusual.
4743:
4449:. Generally, Doric temples followed a tendency to become lighter in their superstructures. Columns became narrower, intercolumniations wider. This shows a growing adjustment to the proportion and weight of Ionic temples, mirrored by a progressive tendency among Ionic temples to become somewhat heavier. In the light of this mutual influence it is not surprising that in the late 4th century BC temple of
4425:
1862:
2314:) might be painted in different colours. The frieze was clearly structured by use of colours. In a Doric triglyph frieze, blue triglyphs alternated with red metopes, the latter often serving as a background for individually painted sculptures. Reliefs, ornaments, and pedimental sculptures were executed with a wider variety of colours and nuances. Recessed or otherwise shaded elements, like
332:, often around a sacred grove, cave or spring, and perhaps defined only by marker stones at intervals, with an altar for offerings. Many rural sanctuaries probably stayed in this style, but the more popular were gradually able to afford a building to house a cult image, especially in cities. This process was certainly under way by the 9th century BC, and probably started earlier.
1321:
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attractive for the purposes of royals' self-aggrandisement. The demise of the
Hellenistic monarchies and the increasing power of Rome and her allies placed mercantile elites and sanctuary administrations in the positions of building sponsors. The construction of Corinthian temples became a typical expression of self-confidence and independence. As an element of
5526:. Its columns, mostly still upright, stand on Attic bases without plinths, exceptional for the period. The 24 flutings of the columns are only indicated by facets in the lower third. Each of the Corinthian capitals is made of three separate parts, an exceptional form. The entablature of the temple was probably in the Doric order, as is suggested by fragments of
1840:, sometimes painted or decorated with relief sculpture. In the Ionic or Corinthian orders, the frieze possesses no triglyphs and is simply left flat, sometimes decorated with paintings or reliefs. With the introduction of stone architecture, the protection of the porticos and the support of the roof construction was moved upwards to the level of the
4006:) exemplifies the transition from wood to stone construction. This building, initially constructed entirely of wood and mudbrick, had its wooden columns gradually replaced with stone ones over time. Like a museum of Doric columns and Doric capitals, it contains examples of all chronological phases, up to the Roman period. One of the columns in the
1101:
1085:
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642:, who redefined the principles of Ionic temple construction both practically and through theoretical work. At the same time, the rulers of the various Hellenistic kingdoms provided copious financial resources. Their self-aggrandisation, rivalry, desires to stabilise their spheres of influence, as well as the increasing conflict with
4680:. Only in the colonies could the Doric corner conflict be ignored. If South Italian architects tried to solve it, they used a variety of solutions: broadening of the corner metopes or triglyphs, variation of column distance or metopes. In some cases, different solutions were used on the broad and narrow sides of the same building.
3327:. Such exceptions are probably connected with cult practice. Study of the soils around temple sites, is evidence that temple sites were chosen with regard to particular deities: for example, amid arable soils for the agricultural deities Dionysos and Demeter, and near rocky soils for the hunter gatherer deities Apollo and Artemis.
2421:, surrounded by lions and perhaps other animals. On the other hand, the Ionic temples of Asia Minor did not possess a separate frieze to allow space for relief decoration. The most common area for relief decoration remained the frieze, either as a typical Doric triglyph frieze, with sculpted metopes, or as a continuous frieze on
3925:. The earliest stone columns did not display the simple squatness of the high and late Archaic specimens, but rather mirror the slenderness of their wooden predecessors. Already around 600, the demand of viewability from all sides was applied to the Doric temple, leading to the mirroring of the frontal
2008:
proper. The rules regarding vertical proportions, especially in the Doric order, also allow for a deduction of the basic design options for the entablature from the same principles. Alternatives to this very rational system were sought in the temples of the late 7th and early 6th centuries, when
3872:
The beginnings of Greek temple construction in the Doric order can be traced to early in the 7th century BC. With the transition to stone architecture around 600, the order was fully developed; from then on, only details were changed, developed and refined, mostly in the context of solving
5663:
Though extremely solidly built, apart from the roof, relatively few Greek temples have left very significant remains; these are often those which were converted to other uses such as churches or mosques. There are many where the platforms are reasonably complete, and some round drum elements of the
5011:
with figural decoration, like those at
Ephesos. Construction ceased around 500, but was restarted in 331 and finally completed in the 2nd century. The enormous costs involved may have been one of the reasons for the long period of construction. The building was the first Ionic temple to follow
4530:
The technical possibilities of the western Greeks, which had progressed beyond those in the motherland, permitted many deviations. For example, innovations regarding the construction of the entablature developed in the west allowed the spanning of much wider spaces than before, leading to some very
3536:
It was typically necessary to make a sacrifice or gift, and some temples restricted access either to certain days of the year, or by class, race, gender (with either men or women forbidden), or even more tightly. Garlic-eaters were forbidden in one temple, in another women unless they were virgins;
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shows another variation, where the two column rows are indicated by half-columns protruding from the side walls and crowned with
Corinthian capitals. An early form of this solution can be seen at Bassae, where the central column of the back portico remains free-standing, while the columns along the
2218:
of the whole building, hardly visible with the naked eye, was introduced. The ancient architects had realised that long horizontal lines tend to make the optical impression of sagging towards their centre. To prevent this effect, the horizontal lines of stylobate and/or entablature were raised by a
2089:
The basic proportions of the building were determined by the numeric relationship of columns on the front and back to those on the sides. The classic solution chosen by Greek architects is the formula "frontal columns : side columns = n : (2n+1)", which can also be used for the number of
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For cultic reasons, but also to use the light of the rising sun, virtually all Greek temples were oriented with the main door to the east. Another reason for the orientation of temples facing east is because of the west was seen as the entrance to the
Underworld, such as seen in the Odyssey. Some
2269:
also reflect it. Not one block of the building, not a single architrave or frieze element could be hewn as a simple rectilinear block. All architectural elements display slight variations from the right angle, individually calculated for each block. As a side effect, each preserved building block
560:
The observable change of form indicates the search for a harmonious form of all architectural elements: the development led from simpler early forms which often appear coarse and bulky up to the aesthetic perfection and refinement of the later structures; from simple experimentation to the strict
4634:
partially closed off by walls. With external dimensions of 56 × 113 m, it was the largest Doric building ever to be completed. If the colonies showed remarkable independence and will to experiment in basic terms, they did so even more in terms of detail. For example, the lower surfaces of Doric
4512:
Sicily and
Southern Italy hardly participated in these developments. Here, most temple construction took place during the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Later, the Western Greeks showed a pronounced tendency to develop unusual architectural solutions, more or less unthinkable in the mother
3746:
Building contracts were advertised after a popular or elected assembly had passed the relevant motion. An appointed committee would choose the winner among the submitted plans. Afterwards, another committee would supervise the building process. Its responsibilities included the advertising and
241:
or by the dimensions of the foundation levels. The nearly mathematical strictness of the basic designs thus reached was lightened by optical refinements. In spite of the still widespread idealised image, Greek temples were painted, so that bright reds and blues contrasted with the white of the
5575:
The few Greek temples in the
Corinthian order are almost always exceptional in form or ground plan and are initially usually an expression of royal patronage. The Corinthian order permitted a considerable increase of the material and technical effort invested in a building, which made its use
348:
and
Classical Greek temples, but during the Greek Dark Age the buildings became smaller and less monumental. The basic principles for the development of Greek temple architecture have their roots between the 10th century BC and the 7th century BC. In its simplest form as a
1692:
are cut into the column shaft: Doric columns have 18 to 20 flutings, Ionic and
Corinthian ones normally have 24. Early Ionic columns had up to 48 flutings. While Doric columns stand directly on the stylobate, Ionic and Corinthian ones possess a base, sometimes additionally placed atop a
5558:
of 8 × 11 columns. Its architectural members are entirely in keeping with the Asian/Ionic canon. Its distinctive feature, a rich figural frieze, makes this building, erected around 100 BC, an architectural gem. Further late Greek temples in the
Corinthian order are known e.g. at
2816:. After the mid-6th century, the compositional scheme changes: animal scenes are now placed in the corners, soon they disappear entirely. The central composition is now taken over by mythological fights or by rows of human figures, and the figures become free-standing, as in the
2058:
walls and columns, but the introduction of stone architecture broke that connection. Nevertheless, it did survive throughout Ionic architecture. In Doric temples, however, the wooden roof construction, originally placed behind the frieze, now started at a higher level, behind the
5668:, or re-erecting fallen materials, has sometimes been used. The rectangular wall blocks have usually been carried off for re-use, and some buildings have been destroyed or weakened merely to get the bronze pins linking blocks. Marble sculpture has often been removed to make
3783:
chosen as their basic aesthetic principle. This choice, which was rarely entirely free, but normally determined by tradition and local habit, would lead to widely differing rules of design. According to the three major orders, a basic distinction can be made between the
3528:
of a Greek temple was limited to the priests, and it was entered only rarely by other visitors, except perhaps during important festivals or other special occasions. In recent decades this picture has changed, and scholars now stress the variety of local access rules.
4964:
of ten or more steps was erected. Older Ionic temples normally lacked a specific visible substructure. This emphasised basis had to be balanced out be a heightened entablature, producing not only a visual contrast to, but also a major weight upon the slender columns.
5320:. Its architect combined the dentils, typical of Asia Minor, with an Attic frieze, thus proving that the colonies were quite capable of partaking in the developments of the motherland. A small Ionic Hellenistic prostyle temple was found on the Poggetto San Nicola at
2916:
3713:
The sponsors of Greek temples usually belonged to one of two groups: on the one hand public sponsors, including the bodies and institutions that administrated important sanctuaries; on the other hand influential and affluent private sponsors, especially
Hellenistic
5618:
3115:. Here, already on the Archaic temples, the lower parts of the column shafts were decorated by protruding relief decorations, originally depicting rows of figures, replaced on their late Classical and Hellenistic successors with mythological scenes and battles.
3910:
divided in two aisles by a central row of columns. Its entirely Doric entablature is indicated by painted clay plaques, probably early example of metopes, and clay triglyphs. It appears to be the case that all temples erected within the spheres of influence of
657:
But in spite of such examples and of the positive conditions produced by the economic upturn and the high degree of technical innovation in the 3rd and 2nd centuries, Hellenistic religious architecture is mostly represented by a multitude of small temples
5075:. It is based on a 6-by-6-foot (1.8 m × 1.8 m) grid (the exact dimensions of its plinths). The temple had 6 × 11 columns, i.e. a proportion of 5:10 or 1:2 intercolumnia. Walls and columns were aligned axially, according to Ionic tradition. The
1009:; its existence is necessitated entirely by aesthetic considerations: to maintain the consistency of the peripteral temple and to ensure its visibility from all sides, the execution of the front has to be repeated at the rear. A restricted space, the
3491:
at Olympia. All these had chryselephantine images, and Pausanias was perhaps correct to link the Parthenon one with the maintenance of the proper humidity, but they probably increased the light, and perhaps gave it attractive effects of reflections.
2893:
1962:
As far as topographically possible, the temples were freestanding and designed to be viewed from all sides. They were not normally designed with consideration for their surroundings, but formed autonomous structures. This is a major difference from
4038:
walls and through the central axis of the associated columns. Its differentiation between wider intercolumnia on the narrow sides and narrower ones on the long sides was also an influential feature, as was the positioning of the columns within the
2276:
walls or entablature, can be assigned its exact position today. In spite of the immense extra effort entailed in this perfection, the Parthenon, including its sculptural decoration, was completed in the record time of sixteen years (447 to 431).
676:). The latter had been erected in important places, on market squares, near springs and by roads, since the Archaic period, but reached their main flourish now. This limitation to smaller structures led to the development of a special form, the
1992:) could also be used as a basic unit. These measurements were in set proportions to other elements of design, such as column height and column distance. In conjunction with the number of columns per side, they also determined the dimensions of
2133:
Since the turn of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the proportion of column width to the space between columns, the intercolumnium, played an increasingly important role in architectural theory, reflected, for example, in the works of
139:, buildings erected to fulfill the functions of a temple often continued to follow the local traditions. Even where a Greek influence is visible, such structures are not normally considered as Greek temples. This applies, for example, to the
2610:, both from the late 2nd century BC. Complex compositions visualised the back and forth of fighting for the viewer. Such scenes were contrasted by more quiet or peaceful ones: The Assembly of the gods and a procession dominate the
5177:
with the width of two column distances, produces a massively broadened portico, comparable to the contemporaneous hall architecture. The grid of the temple of Magnesia was based on a 12-by-12-foot (3.7 m × 3.7 m) square. The
325:
The earliest Greek Sanctuaries probably did not contain temple buildings, though our knowledge of these is limited since many of these were destroyed, and the subject is controversial. A typical early sanctuary seems to have consisted of a
3771:(at a modern western European wage scale). Since the overall number of columns required for the design was 120, even this aspect of the building would have caused costs equivalent to those of major projects today (circa 360 million euro).
7059:
Internationales Kolloquium in Berlin vom 28. bis 29. Juli 1988 im Rahmen des XIII. Internationalen Kongresses für Klassische Archäologie. Mainz 1990; more generally: W. Hoepfner in: Wolfram Hoepfner & Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner (Eds.):
1140:
2516:
5586:
3541:
were not allowed entry. Some temples could only be viewed from the threshold. Some temples are said never to be opened at all. But generally Greeks, including slaves, had a reasonable expectation of being allowed into the
4781:
walls aligned with the column axes, whereas in Doric architecture, the external wall faces do so. The early temples also show no concern for the typical Doric feature of visibility from all sides, they regularly lack an
365:
structures with more or less semi-circular back walls, but the rectangular type prevailed. By adding columns to this small basic structure, the Greeks triggered the development and variety of their temple architecture.
2835:, which had received a veritable burial after the temple's destruction in 373. The themes of the individual pedimental scenes are increasingly dominated by myths connected with the locality. Thus, the east pediment at
4176:
around 46. With its 6 × 13 columns or 5 × 12 intercolumniations, this temple was designed entirely rationally. Its column bays (axis to axis) measured 16 feet (4.9 m), a triglyph + metope 8 feet (2.4 m), a
6269:. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch–Historische Klasse Denkschriften. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 152. Band, p. 96, Taf. 4, Fig. 70.
2219:
few centimetres towards the middle of a building. This avoidance of mathematically straight lines also included the columns, which did not taper in a linear fashion, but were refined by a pronounced "swelling" (
3718:. The financial needs were covered by income from taxes or special levies, or by the sale of raw materials like silver. The collection of donations also occurred, especially for supra-regional sanctuaries like
646:(partially played out in the field of culture), combined to release much energy into the revival of complex Greek temple architecture. During this phase, Greek temples became widespread in southern Asia Minor,
3247:
itself was often finished with some moderation, although by the Roman period some had clearly become rather cluttered with other statues, military trophies and other gifts. Often, the only source of light for
3554:
it was possible to pray to or before the cult image, and sometimes to touch it; Cicero saw a bronze image of Heracles with its foot largely worn away by the touch of devotees. Famous cult images such as the
1687:
Placed on the stylobate are the vertical column shafts, tapering towards the top. They are normally made of several separately cut column drums. Depending on the architectural order, a different number of
4800:
became a determining element. At the same time, the Ionic temples were characterised by their tendency to use varied and richly decorated surfaces, as well as the widespread use of light-shade contrasts.
2657:
2706:
3423:
in early temples was replaced by two separate rows towards the sides. The central one of the three aisles thereby created was often emphasised as the main one. The dignity of the central aisle of the
2968:, originally in the form of elaborately painted clay disks, from the 6th century onwards as fully sculpted figures placed on the corners and ridges of the pediments. They could depict bowls and
2077:. Only after a long phase of developments did the architects choose the alignment of the outer wall face with the adjacent column axis as the obligatory principle for Doric temples. Doric temples in
5679:
The most complete remains are concentrated in Athens and southern Italy; several are described in more detail above, under their orders. Athens has the Parthenon and the even better preserved Doric
415:
technique. The elements of this simple and clearly structured wooden architecture produced all the important design principles that were to determine the development of Greek temples for centuries.
5262:
on the Acropolis, a small amphiprostyle temple completed around 420, with Ionic columns on plinthless Attic bases, a triple-layered architrave and a figural frieze, but without the typical Ionic
4351:
already contained such a room. All measurements in the Parthenon are determined by the proportion 4:9. It determines column width to column distance, width to length of the stylobate, and of the
3375:; many of these were retained and revered for their antiquity. Many of the Greek statues well known from Roman marble copies were originally temple cult images, which in some cases, such as the
3959:. This relationship between the axes of walls and columns, almost a matter of course in smaller structures, remained undefined and without fixed rules for nearly a century: the position of the
2318:
or triglyph slits could be painted black. The paint was mostly applied to parts that were not load-bearing, whereas structural parts like columns or the horizontal elements of architrave and
428:, temples with a length of 100 feet (30 m). Since it was not technically possible to roof broad spaces at that time, these temples remained very narrow, at 6 to 10 metres in width.
5944:
4020:
corner conflict. It was achieved through a reduction of the corner intercolumniations the so-called corner contraction. The Heraion is most advanced in regards to the relationship between
7105:
7081:
7022:
6436:
6361:
3662:
could serve the display and storage of votives, often placed between the columns. In some cases, votive offerings could also be directly affixed to the columns, as is visible e.g. on the
3881:
Apart from early forms, occasionally still with apsidal backs and hipped roofs, the first 100-foot (30 m) peripteral temples occur quite soon, before 600. An example is Temple C at
2349:
501:
After the reintroduction of stone architecture, the essential elements and forms of each temple, such as the number of columns and of column rows, underwent constant change throughout
4369:
is determined by the reverse proportion 9:4, the same proportion squared, 81:16, determines temple length to height. All of this mathematical rigour is relaxed and loosened by the
2121:
456:) on all sides posed a new aesthetic challenge for the architects and patrons: the structures had to be built to be viewed from all directions. This led to the development of the
4405:
as well as the Assembly of the Gods. Large format figures decorate the pediments on the narrow sides. This conjunction of strict principles and elaborate refinements makes the
6066:
Bringmann, Klaus; Schmidt-Dounas, Barbara (2000). "Schenkungen hellenistischer Herrscher an griechische Städte und Heiligtümer". In von Steuben, Hans; Bringman, Klaus (eds.).
3533:
was a gentlemanly traveller of the 2nd-century AD who declares that the special intention of his travels around Greece was to see cult images, which he usually managed to do.
3141:
6494:. The column was constructed of drums, the round core, and finished with flutes, making the outer area look rippled. Slight swelling of the column is known as entasis. 1990.
4767:
have been found from this time. Nonetheless, some early temples in the area already indicate the rational system that was to characterise the Ionic system later on, e.g. the
4441:
In the 4th century BC, a few Doric temples were erected with 6 × 15 or 6 × 14 columns, probably referring to local Archaic predecessors, e.g. the Temple of Zeus in
3338:
using ivory plaques for the visible parts of the body and gold for the clothes, around a wooden framework. The most famous Greek cult images were of this type, including the
4492:
The increasing reduction of the number of columns along the long sides, clearly visible on Ionic temples, is mirrored in Doric constructions. A small temple at Kournó has a
2630:
4862:, there were early temples entirely built of marble. Volute capitals have not been found associated with these, but their marble entablatures belonged to the Ionic order.
3121:
3042:
6428:
Internationales Kolloquium in Berlin vom 28. bis 29. Juli 1988 im Rahmen des XIII. Internationalen Kongresses für Klassische Archäologie. Mainz 1990. p. 12; Meral Ortac:
2111:, but also, reduced to 4:9, in all other basic measurements, including the intercolumniations, the stylobate, the width-height proportion of the entire building, and the
2065:. This ended the structural link between frieze and roof; the structural elements of the latter could now be placed independent of axial relationships. As a result, the
6310:
Freyberger, Klaus Stefan; Joukowsky, Martha Sharp (1997). "Blattranken, Greifen und Elefanten. Sakrale Architektur in Petra". In Weber, Thomas; Wenning, Robert (eds.).
3537:
restrictions typically arose from local ideas of ritual purity or a perceived whim of the deity. In some places visitors were asked to show they spoke Greek; elsewhere
7064:. Internationales Kolloquium in Berlin vom 28. bis 29. Juli 1988 im Rahmen des XIII. Internationalen Kongresses für Klassische Archäologie. Mainz 1990, p. 2 ff. 30 ff.
6250:
Freyberger, Klaus Stefan (2000). "Im Licht des Sonnengottes. Deutung und Funktion des sogenannten Bacchus-Tempels im Heiligtum des Jupiter Heliopolitanus in Baalbek".
5924:
2544:
5695:
survived in a rural location with most of its columns and main architrave blocks in place, amid a jumble of fallen stone. From this British antiquaries extracted the
4094:. Column drums built into the later foundations indicate that it was originally planned as a Doric temple. Nonetheless, its ground plan follows the Ionic examples of
3330:
The cult image normally took the form of a statue of the deity, typically roughly life-size, but in some cases many times life-size, in early days in wood, marble or
4274:
maintains the same proportion at a larger scale of 8 × 17 columns, but follows the same principles. In spite of the eight columns on its front, the temple is a pure
5093:, is the first proper example in Ionic architecture. The evident rational-mathematical aspect to the design suits Ionic Greek culture, with its strong tradition of
857:
cannonball into the building, then used to store gunpowder, led to the destruction of much of this important temple, more than 2,000 years after it was built.
119:
and rituals dedicated to the deity took place outside them, within the wider precinct of the sanctuary, which might be large. Temples were frequently used to store
2936:
763:
they tend to follow the canonical forms of the developing Roman imperial style of architecture or to maintain local non-Greek idiosyncrasies, like the temples in
297:
or springs, animals dedicated to the deity, and sometimes people who had taken sanctuary from the law, which some temples offered, for example to runaway slaves.
5656:
4794:
only became widespread in the area in the 4th century. In contrast, from an early point, Ionic temples stress the front by using double porticos. Elongated
7611:
4286:
walls align with the axes of the second and seventh columns. In other regards, the Parthenon is distinguished as an exceptional example among the mass of Greek
3172:
11129:
7401:
Pollio, Marcus Vitruvius. "Marcus Vitruvius Pollio: De Architectura, Book IV." LacusCurtius • Vitruvius on Architecture - Book IV. Accessed November 27, 2022.
2855:. It is the foundation myth of the sanctuary itself, displayed here in its most prominent position. A similarly direct association is provided by the birth of
2681:
865:
Canonical Greek temples maintained the same basic structure throughout many centuries. The Greeks used a limited number of spatial components, influencing the
293:
is the most famous example, though this was apparently walled as a citadel before a temple was ever built there. This might include many subsidiary buildings,
3439:
of Doric temples. The impressiveness of the internal aisle could be emphasised further by having a third row of columns along the back, as is the case at the
6142:
Die Honoratiorenschicht in den Städten des griechischen Ostens. Untersuchungen zur politischen und sozialen Entwicklung in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit
3726:. Hellenistic monarchs could appear as private donors in cities outside their immediate sphere of influence and sponsor public buildings, as exemplified by
5647:
3937:
at the back. This early demand continued to affect Doric temples especially in the Greek motherland. Neither the Ionic temples, nor the Doric specimens in
2027:, a sacrifice of 100 animals), and all further measurements had to be in relation to this number, leading to aesthetically quite unsatisfactory solutions.
6607:. 2. Teil (ed. by Richard Harder). Berlin 1958. pp. 13–103. The calculation is based on a low-skilled craftsman's daily pay of 150 euro in modern Germany.
5467:, definitely Corinthian, is only attested through drawings by early travellers and very scarce fragments. It probably dates to the late 3rd century.
1220:
These components allowed the realisation of a variety of different plan types in Greek temple architecture. The simplest example of a Greek temple is the
841:
Thus ends the history of the Greek temples' original purpose, although many of them remained in use for a long time afterwards. For example, the Athenian
7164:"The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India" Getzel M. Cohen, University of California Press, 2013, p.327
3077:
270:, which, in spite of the very strong Greek influence on it, aimed for different goals and followed different aesthetic principles (for a comparison, see
2361:
2808:, is nearly free-standing sculpture, but remains dominated by a central scene of fighting lions. Again, the corners contain separate scenes, including
775:
of the east entailed the end of Greek temple architecture, although work continued on the completion of unfinished large structures like the temple of
6344:. Proceedings of a conference held at the American Academy in Rome to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the excavations at Cosa, 14–16 May 1998.
15769:
5109:
3941:
followed this principle. The increasing monumentalisation of stone buildings, and the transfer of the wooden roof construction to the level of the
3263:
s frontal door, and oil lamps within. Thus, the interior only received a limited amount of light. Exceptions are found in the temples of Apollo at
1643:, partially protrudes above the ground level. Its surface is carefully smoothed and levelled. It supports a further foundation of three steps, the
5580:, the Corinthian temple came to be widely distributed in all of the Graeco-Roman world, especially in Asia Minor, until the late Imperial period.
4944:
The columns stood on ephesian bases, 36 of them were decorated with life-sized friezes of human figures at the bottom of the shaft, the so-called
4489:. Both temples continued the tendency towards more richly equipped interiors, in both cases with engaged or full columns of the Corinthian order.
2827:
The high regard in which the Greeks held pedimental sculptures is demonstrated by the discovery of the sculptures from the Late Archaic temple of
1824:. The frieze was originally placed in front of the roof beams, which were externally visible only in the earlier temples of Asia Minor. The Doric
266:, whose officials and rulers took over as sponsors, led to the end of Greek temple construction. New temples now belonged to the tradition of the
218:
on all sides, often reaching more than 20 metres in height (not including the roof). Stylistically, they were governed by the regionally specific
15821:
7639:
5951:
5402:
layout. It seems that the temple had an outside wall with windows or doorways, in a layout similar to that of a Greek encircling row of columns (
4373:
mentioned above, which affect the whole building, from layer to layer, and element to element. 92 sculpted metopes decorate its triglyph frieze:
638:
The 2nd century saw a revival of temple architecture, including peripteral temples. This is partially due to the influence of the architect
7102:
7078:
7019:
6433:
6370:
6387:
6221:
6155:
6096:
6033:
6004:
4676:) had become a key principle of design, this was relativised by the broadening of column distances on the long sides, e.g. Temple of Hera I at
4421:, erected shortly after the Parthenon, uses the same aesthetic and proportional principles, without adhering as closely to the 4:9 proportion.
3804:
258:
or by the administrations of sanctuaries. Private individuals, especially Hellenistic rulers, could also sponsor such buildings. In the late
3160:
2497:
4954:
was one of the sponsors. An inscription referring to his sponsorship was indeed found on one of the columns. The temple was burnt down by
3417:, placed axially in front of the temple. To preserve this connection, the single row of columns often found along the central axis of the
2377:
603:
onwards, the Greek peripteral temple lost much of its importance. With very few exceptions, Classical temple construction ceased both in
11370:
9239:
1381:(colonnades) on all four sides, each usually formed by a single row of columns. This produces an unobstructed surrounding portico, the
11134:
7605:
5101:, who probably came from Priene, was a deserving successor and achieved the final flourish of Ionic architecture around 200 BC.
3061:
619:
maintained a low level of temple construction during the 3rd century. The construction of large projects, such as the temple of
5536:
showed the greatest tendency to combine Doric entablatures with Corinthian capitals and to do without the plinth under Attic bases.
4904:
had been one of the builders of the Samian Heraion. With a substructure of 55 × 115 m, the Artemision outscaled all precedents. Its
14854:
10548:
5065:, already considered in antiquity as the classical example of an Ionic temple, has partially survived. It was the first monumental
4205:
measures exactly 3 × 9 column distances (axis to axis), its external wall faces are aligned with the axes of the adjacent columns.
2052:. In the original temples, this would have been subject entirely to practical necessities, and always based on axial links between
2015:
or stylobate, i.e. to reverse the system described above and deduce the smaller units from the bigger ones. Thus, for example, the
6018:
Drerup, Heinrich (1962). "Zur Entstehung der griechischen Ringhalle". In Himmelmann-Wildschütz, Nikolaus; Biesantz, Hagen (eds.).
4702:
4504:
of monumental Doric temples is merely hinted at here; the function as a simple canopy for the shrine of the cult statue is clear.
15791:
12421:
6988:. Bauforschungskolloquium in Berlin vom 16.-18. Juni 1994. Diskussionen zur Archäologischen Bauforschung. Vol. 6, 1996, p. 78-83.
3562:
Sometimes, the divine character of the cult image was stressed even more by removing it further into a separate space within the
2786:
and her children at the centre, flanked by panthers. Smaller scenes are displayed in the low corners of the pediments, including
6911:. Bauforschungskolloquium in Berlin vom 16.-18. Juni 1994. Diskussionen zur Archäologischen Bauforschung. Bd. 6, 1996, p. 16-24.
5451:), it appears to have found increasing popularity in the last half of the 3rd century. Early examples probably include the
4999:
with open internal courtyard. The interior was structured with powerful pilasters, their rhythm reflecting that of the external
4189:) 4 feet (1.2 m), the tile width of the marble roof was 2 feet (0.61 m). Its columns are powerful, with only a slight
2334:
11187:
4814:
As soon as the Ionic order becomes recognisable in temple architecture, it is increased to monumental sizes. The temple in the
4519:
of their colonies. For example, there are two examples of temples with uneven column numbers at the front, Temple of Hera I at
724:, who rarely demonstrated their generosity by building temples. Nevertheless, some temples were erected at this time, e.g. the
3824:
The modern image of Greek temple architecture is strongly influenced by the numerous reasonably well-preserved temples of the
2296:, columns, and architrave were mostly white. Only details, like the horizontally cut grooves at the bottom of Doric capitals (
2138:. According to this proportion, Vitruvius (3, 3, 1 ff) distinguished between five different design concepts and temple types:
2101:
to 336) had 6 × 13 columns or 5 × 11 intercolumniations. The same proportions, in a more abstract form, determine most of the
1924:, often elaborately decorated, was equipped with water spouts, often in the shape of lions' heads. The pedimental triangle or
418:
Near the end of the 7th century, the dimensions of these simple structures were increased considerably. Temple C at
11192:
7559:
5785:
2409:. In Archaic times, even the architrave could be relief-decorated on Ionic temples, as demonstrated by the earlier temple of
5928:
14844:
8627:
4654:
Although a strong tendency to emphasize the front, e.g. through the addition of ramps or stairs with up to eight steps (at
4032:, as it uses the solution that became canonical decades later, a linear axis running along the external faces of the outer
4088:
has a special position. Although this building was never completed, its architect apparently attempted to adapt the Ionic
3235:, the "dwelling" of the cult statue. The elaboration of the temple's external aspects served to stress the dignity of the
1156:
1139:
15826:
10973:
7632:
4722:
4611:
1967:
which were often designed as part of a planned urban area or square and had a strong emphasis on being viewed frontally.
237:
Greek temples were designed and constructed according to set proportions, mostly determined by the lower diameter of the
3383:(2.35 metres high, including a helmet). The image stood on a base, from the 5th century often carved with reliefs.
15786:
14849:
13446:
11075:
9249:
8939:
8632:
8566:
5800:
4921:
4686:
1428:
is equipped with a double colonnade on all four sides, sometimes with further rows of columns at the front and back. A
3277:
wall had a door, potentially allowing more light into the interior. A special situation applies to the temples of the
3030:
1846:, depriving the frieze of its structural function and turning it into an entirely decorative feature. Frequently, the
8637:
8612:
7545:
7524:
7510:
7496:
7482:
7468:
7443:
5900:
5490:
with its 110 × 44 m substructure and 8 × 20 columns was to be one of the largest Corinthian temples ever. Donated by
2876:
2860:
11283:
10746:
1443:. Although of sacred character, their function as a temple can often not be asserted. A comparable structure is the
14141:
14111:
11375:
10910:
10696:
10446:
9195:
8622:
8617:
6173:. Vol. 23. Istanbul: Beiheft Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung. pp. 119–122.
5481:
5419:
4098:
so closely that it would be hard to reconcile such a solution with a Doric triglyph frieze. After the expulsion of
4081:
3731:
3606:, usually served as a storage space for cult equipment. It could also hold the temple treasury. For some time, the
1714:, in Ionic columns, the capital sits directly on the shaft. In the Doric order, the capital consists of a circular
784:
6470:
5258:
Although Athens and Attica were also ethnically Ionian, the Ionic order was of minor importance in this area. The
4624:, but in many regards an absolutely "un-Greek" structure, equipped with details such as engaged, figural pillars (
853:
conquest and remained structurally unharmed until the 17th century AD. Only the unfortunate impact of a
15576:
11665:
11409:
9089:
8949:
8944:
8221:
7571:
5684:
5439:
came to be used for the external design of Greek temples quite late. After it had proved its adequacy, e.g. on a
4759:
For the early period, before the 6th century, the term Ionic temple can, at best, designate a temple in the
3179:
2206:, normally ascribed to Hermogenes, does indeed have intercolumnia measuring 2 1/6 of the lower column diameters.
7595:
3101:
For the sake of completeness, a further potential bearer of sculptural decoration should be mentioned here: the
30:
10473:
9114:
8528:
7625:
7318:. Kolloquium Berlin 1990. Diskussionen zur Archäologischen Bauforschung. Bd. 5. 1991, p. 247-248; Ralf Schenk:
6546:
5911:
5727:
4894:
around 550, the quantity of archaeological remains of Ionic temples increases. The Artemision was planned as a
4498:
of merely 6 × 7 columns, a stylobate of only 8 × 10 m and corners executed as pilasters towards the front. The
3836:
were accessible to western travellers quite early in the development of Classical studies, e.g. the temples at
3478:
2923:
2753:
15496:
14859:
12426:
11593:
11464:
11070:
10468:
10025:
9518:
9034:
8954:
8652:
8362:
5790:
5642:
5480:
The first dateable and well-preserved presence of the Corinthian temple is the Hellenistic rebuilding of the
2887:, late 3rd century, depicted a probably purely local legend, of no major interest to Greece as a whole.
1488:(IV, 3, 3) is determined by the number of columns at the front. Modern scholarship uses the following terms:
1464:
To clarify ground plan types, the defining terms can be combined, producing terms such as: peripteral double
81:
7585:
2214:
To loosen up the mathematical strictness and to counteract distortions of human visual perception, a slight
12265:
10716:
10541:
10441:
8970:
8424:
7184:"The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans", John M. Rosenfield, University of California Press, 1 janv. 1967 p.129
740:
411:
were protected with wooden planks. The mud brick walls were often reinforced by wooden posts, in a type of
17:
4045:, corresponding with those on the outside, a feature not repeated until the construction of the temple at
1980:
The foundations of Greek temples could reach dimensions of up to 115 by 55 m, i.e. the size of an average
1437:
Circular temples form a special type. If they are surrounded by a colonnade, they are known as peripteral
1122:
14795:
12203:
11316:
10721:
9496:
9104:
8980:
8642:
8596:
8551:
8327:
8016:
6488:
Vom Medusabild zur Athenageburt. Bildprogramme griechischer Tempelgiebel archaischer und klassischer Zeit
5688:
5012:
the Attic tradition of uniform column distances, the frontal differentiation was not practised any more.
4927:
4199:
of the capitals is already nearly linear at 45°. All of the superstructure is affected by curvature. The
3457:, also had another impressive feature, namely two tiers of columns atop each other, as did the temple of
3128:
2071:
walls lost their fixed connection with the columns for a long time and could be freely placed within the
1814:
also used a frieze above an architrave, whereas the frieze remained unknown in the Ionic architecture of
116:
12198:
11141:
10035:
5975:
4549:
often had a depth of two column distances, e.g. at Temple of Hera I, Paestum, and temples C, F and G at
517:
14948:
13812:
11712:
11610:
10991:
10157:
10030:
9163:
9158:
9134:
9044:
8561:
7659:
7402:
5775:
3335:
3052:
2713:
647:
7276:. First International Symposium on Cilician Archaeology, Mersin 1.-4.6. 1998, Mersin 1999, p. 355-368.
5683:, both once churches, as well two small temples on the Acropolis and a corner of the large Corinthian
4647:
2969:
2315:
14387:
12691:
11488:
11058:
10606:
10515:
10458:
9414:
9217:
9202:
9124:
9059:
8379:
8274:
7748:
7682:
5795:
4058:
4057:
The oldest Doric temple entirely built of stone is represented by the early 6th century BC
3861:
3698:
3689:
3556:
3474:
3354:
in Athens, both colossal statues now completely lost. Fragments of two chryselephantine statues from
3339:
2957:
1998:
1383:
1334:
has a row of usually four or six columns in front of its whole breadth, the temple is described as a
1065:
549:
contained one or several. There were also temples at extra-urban sites and at major sanctuaries like
442:
152:
11219:
9026:
9006:
8204:
7862:
6405:
2740:
1069:, usually a single row, rarely a double one, of columns. This produces a surrounding colonnade, the
14965:
14574:
14534:
14518:
14232:
14161:
12436:
12097:
11887:
11209:
10651:
9212:
9175:
9109:
8775:
8662:
6618:
Der Tempel von Segesta und die dorische Tempelbaukunst des griechischen Westens in klassischer Zeit
5780:
5765:
5714:(Greek Italy), has three early Doric temples in a row, amid the mostly Roman ruins of the city. In
5130:
5114:
5041:
were usually somewhat smaller and shorter in their dimensions than Doric ones. E.g., the temple of
3996:
3979:
3663:
3324:
3320:
2745:
2607:
2341:
11454:
5374:. The temple is considered semi-classical, with a plan essentially that of a Greek temple, with a
3833:
2259:
walls reflect it throughout their height. The inclination of its columns (which also have a clear
1633:
form the substructure of the temple. The underground foundation of a Greek temple is known as the
1100:
15263:
15230:
14985:
14303:
13312:
12193:
12137:
11598:
10534:
10495:
9619:
9419:
9404:
9207:
9190:
9170:
9139:
9039:
8975:
8591:
8576:
8546:
8507:
8384:
8236:
7738:
4169:
4149:
3017:
2904:
2504:
2444:
1926:
772:
5664:
columns, which were harder for later builders to re-use. The somewhat controversial practice of
441:, supported by columns. The resulting set of colonnade surrounding the temple on all sides (the
15816:
15606:
14116:
13861:
12291:
11293:
11065:
10574:
10557:
10453:
9456:
9227:
9185:
9119:
9084:
8536:
8520:
8216:
8157:
8006:
8001:
6892:
Städte und Bauten der Westgriechen. Von der Kolonisationszeit bis zur Krise um 400 vor Christus
6879:
Städte und Bauten der Westgriechen. Von der Kolonisationszeit bis zur Krise um 400 vor Christus
6866:
Städte und Bauten der Westgriechen. Von der Kolonisationszeit bis zur Krise um 400 vor Christus
6845:
Städte und Bauten der Westgriechen. Von der Kolonisationszeit bis zur Krise um 400 vor Christus
6832:
Städte und Bauten der Westgriechen. Von der Kolonisationszeit bis zur Krise um 400 vor Christus
5755:
5452:
4410:
4013:
3755:
The costs could be immense. For example, surviving receipts show that in the rebuilding of the
3530:
3435:
3214:
3003:
1711:
1689:
112:
72:
14708:
12260:
11101:
7185:
7165:
4213:
The Classical proportion, 6 × 13 columns, is taken up by numerous temples, e.g. the Temple of
3358:
have been excavated. Bronze cult images were less frequent, at least until Hellenistic times.
2021:
length was sometimes set at 100 feet (30 m) (100 is a sacred number, also known from the
1084:
716:
led to changes of architectural practice. The role of sponsor was increasingly taken by Roman
539:. Between the 6th and the late 4th century, innumerable temples were built; nearly every
14091:
13731:
12343:
12153:
12015:
11382:
11233:
10505:
9734:
9724:
9714:
9699:
9389:
9129:
9099:
9054:
9049:
8680:
8647:
8449:
8354:
8340:
7996:
7867:
7831:
6550:
5890:
5833:
5829:
5760:
5259:
5020:
4244:. A slight variation, with 6 × 12 columns or 5 × 11 intercolumniations occurs as frequently.
3764:
3206:
2943:
2440:
2304:
1837:
1726:
1439:
807:
725:
11096:
6363:
Die Bedeutung des Euergetismus für die Finanzierung städtischer Aufgaben in der Provinz Asia
3429:
could be underlined by the use of special elements of design. For example, the oldest known
246:. The more elaborate temples were equipped with very rich figural decoration in the form of
15566:
15393:
15373:
14953:
14892:
14192:
13822:
13691:
11857:
11688:
11258:
11116:
10955:
10861:
10681:
10661:
9977:
9971:
9957:
9441:
9399:
9069:
8299:
8095:
7590:
7436:
The Making of the Doric Temple: Architecture, Religion, and Social Change in Archaic Greece
6401:
5680:
5098:
4414:
4229:
4196:
3809:
2764:
2735:
2189:
1945:
1720:
692:
walls to produce the illusion of a peripteral temple. An early case of this is temple L at
639:
158:
6503:
Retallack, G.J., 2008, "Rocks, views, soils and plants at the temples of ancient Greece".
6187:; Erim, Kenan T. (1990). "Aphrodisias papers: Recent work on architecture and sculpture".
6184:
5676:, and any that has survived has usually been removed to a museum, not always a local one.
5184:
was surrounded by 8 × 15 columns or 7 × 14 intercolumniations, i.e. a 1:2 proportion. The
3676:, or simply as shelter from the elements, a function emphasised by Vitruvius (III 3, 8f).
3379:, can be credibly identified. A very few actual originals survive, for example the bronze
2324:
were left unpainted (if made of high-quality limestone or marble) or covered with a white
8:
15641:
15516:
15511:
15388:
15338:
15313:
15066:
15000:
14960:
14772:
14248:
14011:
13676:
13431:
13173:
12783:
12389:
12301:
11902:
11635:
11506:
11414:
11253:
11214:
11169:
11004:
10108:
10078:
9466:
9361:
9356:
8793:
8108:
8021:
7991:
7945:
7708:
6047:
Schenk, Ralf (1997). "Der korinthische Tempel bis zum Ende des Prinzipats des Augustus".
5519:
5393:
5292:
type. This small ionic prostyle temple had engaged columns along the sides and back, the
4828:, with outside dimensions of 52 × 105 m. A double portico of 8 × 21 columns enclosed the
3152:
2452:
1914:
1763:
1246:
1213:
968:
748:
660:
356:
290:
93:
39:
3767:. Considering that a worker was paid about two drachmas, that equals nearly two million
271:
15611:
15581:
15190:
15005:
14805:
14693:
14333:
14308:
13736:
13645:
13101:
13061:
12871:
12605:
12579:
12509:
12494:
12444:
12234:
11947:
11862:
11645:
11278:
11124:
11053:
10917:
10526:
10325:
10222:
10128:
9772:
9689:
9577:
9079:
8903:
8419:
8399:
8256:
8127:
8011:
7806:
7733:
6454:
Old Issues, New Research, Latest Discoveries: Curvature and Other Classical Refinements
6381:
6215:
6149:
6090:
6027:
5998:
5739:
5577:
5532:
scattered among the ruins. All of these details suggest an Alexandrian workshop, since
5414:
5094:
4901:
4655:
4103:
3916:
3430:
2813:
2798:
2460:
2355:
Panel painted on the scaffolding of the Temple of Concordia site from Agrigento in 2006
1989:
1818:
until the 4th century BC. There, the architrave was directly followed by the
854:
604:
600:
259:
128:
124:
15546:
11106:
7307:
7099:
Untersuchungen zur hellenistischen und kaiserzeitlichen Bauornamentik von Stratonikeia
7075:
Untersuchungen zur hellenistischen und kaiserzeitlichen Bauornamentik von Stratonikeia
7016:
Untersuchungen zur hellenistischen und kaiserzeitlichen Bauornamentik von Stratonikeia
2980:, and especially mythical figures and deities. For example, depictions of the running
2290:
Only three basic colours were used: white, blue and red, occasionally also black. The
1948:
of mythical scenes or battles. The corners and ridges of the roof were decorated with
1558:
Very few temples had an uneven number of columns at the front. Examples are Temple of
123:
offerings. They are the most important and most widespread surviving building type in
15601:
15398:
15383:
15368:
15308:
15293:
15288:
15126:
15096:
15010:
14673:
14283:
13946:
13665:
13247:
13187:
12645:
12615:
12569:
12454:
12229:
12132:
12007:
11992:
11917:
11273:
11199:
11091:
10892:
10501:
10400:
9987:
9536:
9384:
9336:
9180:
9149:
9094:
9011:
8888:
8760:
8581:
8414:
8367:
8307:
8181:
8163:
8139:
8121:
8076:
8031:
8026:
7677:
7555:
7541:
7520:
7506:
7492:
7478:
7464:
7439:
6542:
5907:
5896:
5072:
4937:
4887:
4875:
4161:
3882:
3756:
3578:, this tradition continued for a long time. Over the decades and centuries, numerous
3316:
3108:
1985:
1833:
1734:
expands more and more, culminating in a linear diagonal, at 45° to the vertical. The
1675:
1575:
1574:, both of which have a width of nine columns (enneastyle), and the Archaic temple at
1387:, on all four sides of the temple. A Hellenistic and Roman form of this shape is the
1199:
835:
490:
438:
419:
370:
309:
6971:
Sonderschriften des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes. Vol. 25. Wien 1994.
6358:
Regarding Roman period and financing, using the province of Asia as an example, see
5406:
design). It has been called "the most Hellenic structure yet found on Indian soil".
5150:
4573:. Much more frequently, the temples included a separate room at the back end of the
4347:, with a western room containing four columns, is also exceptional. The Parthenon's
4237:
1075:, which offered shelter to visitors of the sanctuary and room for cult processions.
755:. Although new temples to Greek deities still continued to be constructed, e.g. the
305:
15717:
15586:
15484:
15378:
15298:
15283:
15160:
15081:
14777:
14746:
14564:
14461:
14353:
14006:
13901:
13379:
13287:
13081:
13051:
13031:
12705:
12574:
12549:
12317:
11817:
11683:
11673:
11650:
11365:
11243:
11147:
10599:
10330:
9862:
9827:
9644:
9501:
9379:
9266:
9261:
8586:
8541:
8372:
8279:
7895:
7728:
7713:
7703:
6421:
5838:
5719:
5673:
5456:
5444:
5436:
5399:
5362:
Ruins of a provincial Ionic temple with a design very similar to those in the main
4815:
4768:
4392:
4295:
4133:
4099:
3376:
3347:
3201:
2981:
2688:
2637:
2611:
2091:
1759:
1389:
1269:
1208:
927:
870:
799:
713:
678:
336:
231:
219:
167:
11471:
7227:
Neue Forschungen in Diokaisareia / Uzuncaburç, Bericht über die Arbeiten 2001–2004
7055:. 1904, p 55; also see in: Wolfram Hoepfner & Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner (Eds.):
6986:
Säule und Gebälk. Zu Struktur und Wandlungsprozeß griechisch-römischer Architektur
6909:
Säule und Gebälk. Zu Struktur und Wandlungsprozeß griechisch-römischer Architektur
6638:
5593:
4144:
2009:
it was attempted to develop the basic measurements from the planned dimensions of
1637:. It consists of several layers of squared stone blocks. The uppermost layer, the
697:
15672:
15616:
15185:
15076:
15051:
15043:
14569:
14227:
13991:
13686:
13595:
13548:
13011:
12796:
12413:
12379:
11707:
11511:
11481:
11387:
11048:
10997:
10935:
10671:
10561:
10345:
10103:
9891:
9704:
9446:
9312:
9244:
8571:
8169:
8151:
8145:
8059:
8036:
7910:
7821:
7781:
7718:
7109:
7085:
7026:
6440:
5847:
5669:
5624:
5338:
5081:
was of equal depth on all sides, eliminating the usual emphasis on the front, an
4673:
4469:
is suppressed. Frontality is a key feature of Ionic temples. The emphasis on the
4348:
4173:
4153:
3780:
3723:
3290:
3021:
2927:
2908:
2836:
2771:
figures, as in the earliest to survive, from shortly after 600, on the temple of
2508:
2448:
1775:
744:
550:
477:
148:
10370:
10083:
7322:. Internationale Archäologie 45, 1997, p. 37-39 (late 2nd century BC).
4924:, which may be justified, considering the efforts involved in its construction.
1832:. These were placed above the axis of each column, and above the centre of each
651:
15210:
15136:
15091:
14936:
14202:
14026:
13761:
13590:
13096:
13091:
13036:
13016:
12911:
12655:
12650:
12349:
12327:
12035:
11350:
11204:
11018:
10930:
10868:
10711:
10701:
10227:
10167:
10162:
10118:
9899:
9847:
9837:
9817:
9807:
9551:
9546:
9541:
8394:
8193:
8187:
8175:
7975:
7950:
7723:
7648:
7427:
6309:
5700:
5122:
4920:. The building was entirely of marble. The temple was considered as one of the
3470:
sides are in fact semi-columns connected with the walls by curved protrusions.
3380:
3088:
2717:
2586:
Battle scenes of all kinds were also a common theme of Ionic friezes, e.g. the
2550:
Lapith fighting a centaur on a metope from the Parthenon, in the British Museum
2535:
2078:
1981:
1930:
on the narrow sides of the temple was created by the Doric introduction of the
1706:
1400:
907:
850:
721:
683:
608:
502:
374:
345:
203:
132:
99:
49:
15268:
5512:
Around the middle of the 2nd century BC, a 6 × 12-column Corinthian
5498:
order with the Corinthian capital. Its Asian elements and its conception as a
5310:. One of the few exceptions is the early Classical Temple D, an 8 × 20-column
5242:
4973:
4565:
only played a subsidiary role, but did occur sometimes, e.g. at the temple of
3365:
was another composite form, this time a cost-saving one with a wooden body. A
1586:
1262:
by a door. To support the superstructure, two columns were placed between the
361:), forming a small porch. Until the 8th century BC, there were also
15810:
15712:
15656:
15651:
15595:
15526:
15424:
15170:
15061:
14980:
14176:
14021:
14001:
13996:
12244:
12239:
12025:
12020:
11536:
11301:
10985:
10966:
10947:
10751:
10463:
10380:
10355:
10045:
9967:
9649:
9592:
9491:
9481:
9451:
9433:
9307:
8459:
8241:
8133:
8089:
8051:
7890:
7811:
7311:
5770:
5735:
5711:
5696:
5307:
5154:
5058:
4374:
4123:
4016:
described it. This 6 × 16-column temple already called for a solution to the
3974:
3938:
3829:
3617:
3575:
2817:
2263:), is continued by architrave and triglyph frieze, the external walls of the
1852:
is also decorated with architrave and frieze, especially at the front of the
1655:
provides the surface on which the columns and walls are placed; it is called
1357:
612:
569:
431:
To stress the importance of the cult statue and the building holding it, the
412:
2922:
Illustrations with the sculptures of the two pediments of the Parthenon, by
1226:, a small rectangular structure sheltering the cult statue. In front of the
496:
468:(porch), mirrored by a similar arrangement at the back of the building, the
111:") were structures built to house deity statues within Greek sanctuaries in
15646:
15556:
15531:
15521:
15429:
15414:
15220:
15086:
14882:
14605:
14455:
14449:
14423:
14131:
14126:
14048:
14031:
14016:
13459:
13071:
12996:
12991:
12270:
12030:
11967:
11678:
11655:
11625:
11404:
11162:
10845:
10813:
10691:
10666:
10280:
10232:
10098:
9952:
9822:
9461:
9297:
8803:
8765:
8464:
6564:
Schenkungen hellenistischer Herrscher an griechische Städte und Heiligtümer
6312:
Petra: antike Felsstadt zwischen arabischer Tradition und griechischer Norm
5805:
5605:
5523:
5491:
5215:
4382:
4378:
4241:
4078:
3873:
the challenges posed by the design and construction of monumental temples.
3849:
3727:
3694:
3371:
was a primitive and symbolic wooden image, perhaps comparable to the Hindu
3195:
2985:
2840:
2599:
2587:
2484:
2393:
Greek temples were often enhanced with figural decorations. especially the
1964:
1745:
1701:
1671:
1667:
1277:
993:
832:
824:
820:
643:
584:
546:
470:
294:
267:
263:
202:
Between the 9th century BC and the 6th century BC, the
136:
7531:
Der alte Heratempel in Paestum und die archaische Baukunst in Unteritalien
6767:
The Agora of Athens. The History, Shape and Uses of an ancient City Center
6672:
Der alte Heratempel in Paestum und die archaische Baukunst in Unteritalien
6208:
Veneratio Augusti. Eine Studie zu den Tempeln des ersten römischen Kaisers
4870:
1662:
1194:
564:
15631:
15561:
15444:
15328:
15111:
15071:
14931:
14800:
14268:
14187:
13976:
13926:
13791:
13776:
13630:
13302:
12921:
12369:
12122:
12082:
12074:
11927:
11907:
11897:
11837:
11777:
11757:
11752:
11693:
11543:
11345:
11157:
10903:
10767:
10706:
10656:
10589:
10300:
10192:
10172:
10000:
9508:
9486:
9476:
9471:
9394:
9351:
8898:
8808:
8798:
8685:
8675:
8439:
7816:
7791:
5665:
5652:
5495:
5460:
5363:
5343:
5267:
5247:
4955:
4764:
4747:
4402:
4165:
4017:
3825:
2368:
2226:
1931:
1795:
1779:
1741:
1639:
1605:
729:
717:
402:
355:, the temple was a simple rectangular shrine with protruding side walls (
227:
223:
163:
58:
14647:
13436:
10005:
7153:
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Römische Abteilung
6458:
Appearance and Essence. Refinements of Classical Architecture: Curvature
4607:
were avoided, allowing for open roof constructions of up to 13 m width.
3738:. In such cases, the money came from the private treasury of the donor.
2188:
The determination and discussion of these basic principles went back to
1798:. In the Doric order, the entablature always consists of two parts, the
1594:
The elevation of Greek temples is always subdivided in three zones: the
831:, led to the gradual closure of Greek temples, or their conversion into
814:
15774:
15745:
15740:
15702:
15687:
15682:
15571:
15551:
15449:
15434:
15278:
15205:
15195:
15121:
14498:
14397:
14338:
14086:
14043:
13921:
13856:
13681:
13615:
13610:
13605:
13496:
13277:
13217:
13153:
13135:
12944:
12916:
12791:
12748:
12660:
12625:
12384:
12322:
12117:
12087:
11952:
11912:
11867:
11812:
11772:
11553:
11548:
11531:
11399:
11174:
11152:
10979:
10941:
10806:
10776:
10736:
10731:
10636:
10631:
10611:
10594:
10237:
10207:
10202:
10187:
10073:
10040:
9709:
9679:
9346:
9074:
8908:
8750:
8745:
8735:
8720:
8705:
8695:
8670:
8046:
7801:
7756:
6252:
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Damaskus
5533:
5403:
5317:
5054:
4841:
4524:
4436:
3673:
3487:
floor occupied by a very shallow pool filled with water (Parthenon) or
3331:
3148:
3048:
2884:
2668:
2664:
2472:
1815:
1799:
1634:
1571:
1494:
1451:
1445:
1372:
1367:
903:
866:
736:
616:
579:
458:
175:
13212:
12926:
6265:
Machatschek, Alois; Schwarz, Mario (1981). "Bauforschungen in Selge".
1766:
leaves, forming tendrils and volutes that reach to the corners of the
15735:
15730:
15722:
15707:
15692:
15439:
15419:
15343:
15333:
15258:
15240:
15225:
15200:
15019:
14887:
14810:
14741:
14667:
14418:
14313:
14298:
14288:
14207:
14197:
14146:
14081:
14076:
13906:
13807:
13625:
13524:
13262:
12939:
12906:
12856:
12846:
12713:
12640:
12559:
12356:
12275:
12112:
12107:
12102:
12092:
11957:
11932:
11922:
11822:
11792:
11699:
11516:
11476:
11449:
11439:
11429:
11306:
11268:
11181:
10924:
10897:
10875:
10854:
10785:
10726:
10686:
10212:
10138:
10123:
10093:
10088:
10020:
9944:
9929:
9914:
9857:
9757:
9409:
9341:
8913:
8893:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8818:
8813:
8783:
8730:
8690:
8469:
8335:
8289:
8269:
7900:
7771:
5810:
5731:
5723:
5628:
5440:
5321:
5283:
5279:
5050:
5046:
4960:
4958:
in 356 BC and reerected soon thereafter. For the replacement, a
4911:
4406:
4341:
on the front and back, reflecting Ionic habits. The execution of the
4300:
4271:
4257:
4252:
4132:. Its perfection was a priority of artistic endeavour throughout the
4118:
Apart from this exception and some examples in the more experimental
3853:
3613:
3488:
3440:
3351:
3294:
2999:
2995:
2964:
2864:
2821:
2621:
2531:
2488:
2468:
2406:
2244:
2237:
2236:
The most consistent use of these principles is seen in the Classical
2215:
2135:
2102:
1993:
1950:
1783:
1656:
1645:
1596:
1485:
842:
794:
693:
378:
285:
215:
35:
7403:
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/4*.html
6656:
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Athen
6583:. Wiss. Buchges., Darmstadt 1986, p. 12-27; Wolfgang Müller-Wiener:
5710:, some way south of Naples near what was once the northern limit of
5627:
coin depicting a temple between hill symbols and elephant, Pandyas,
5570:
4052:
344:(15th to the 13th century BC) was the precursor for later
254:. The construction of temples was usually organised and financed by
230:
orders, a third alternative arose in late 3rd century with the
186:
15779:
15677:
15621:
15501:
15479:
15273:
15175:
15106:
15056:
14731:
14721:
14716:
14688:
14683:
14678:
14652:
14642:
14626:
14579:
14507:
14484:
14293:
14156:
14136:
14121:
14096:
14053:
13971:
13961:
13951:
13886:
13741:
13726:
13721:
13701:
13671:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13635:
13620:
13600:
13570:
13508:
13486:
13474:
13343:
13160:
13126:
13116:
13086:
13066:
13046:
13021:
12976:
12951:
12836:
12826:
12768:
12743:
12686:
12610:
12504:
12499:
12374:
11942:
11827:
11807:
11802:
11787:
11767:
11747:
11630:
11526:
11459:
11360:
11311:
11011:
10960:
10834:
10646:
10262:
10252:
10242:
10217:
9995:
9962:
9924:
9867:
9782:
9767:
9624:
9614:
9531:
9526:
8923:
8918:
8878:
8873:
8848:
8828:
8755:
8710:
8700:
8556:
8454:
8389:
8317:
7925:
5564:
5371:
5355:
5162:
4859:
4566:
3391:
3362:
3278:
3013:
2880:
2872:
2848:
2809:
2791:
2760:
2731:
2645:
2476:
2464:
2456:
2422:
2402:
2199:
2171:
Diastyle, board-columned: interkolumnium = 3 lower column diameters
2023:
1935:
1903:
1871:
1829:
1811:
1807:
1424:
1404:
1341:
828:
666:
251:
207:
54:
10015:
5746:
has a single Doric temple whose main structure is largely intact.
5597:
2988:
temple of Apollo at Delphi, and mounted amazons formed the corner
2155:
Systyle, close-columned: intercolumnium = 2 lower column diameters
701:
115:. The temple interiors did not serve as meeting places, since the
15636:
15626:
15591:
15506:
15469:
15323:
15318:
15235:
15215:
15180:
15165:
15116:
14943:
14926:
14751:
14736:
14554:
14513:
14382:
14377:
14343:
14328:
14278:
14217:
14166:
14151:
14106:
14038:
13966:
13931:
13916:
13891:
13876:
13846:
13817:
13786:
13781:
13751:
13746:
13575:
13565:
13529:
13519:
13502:
13364:
13348:
13333:
13307:
13292:
13272:
13252:
13222:
13178:
13111:
13041:
12896:
12861:
12851:
12841:
12831:
12806:
12738:
12728:
12564:
12554:
12459:
12364:
12183:
12127:
11962:
11847:
11842:
11832:
11797:
11782:
11762:
11570:
11521:
10827:
10626:
10405:
10395:
10340:
10335:
10320:
10310:
10295:
10290:
10177:
10065:
10055:
9934:
9909:
9904:
9877:
9872:
9852:
9842:
9832:
9797:
9787:
9777:
9729:
9719:
9694:
9659:
9654:
9629:
9282:
9064:
8725:
8715:
8474:
8444:
8434:
8429:
8409:
8404:
8284:
8231:
7940:
7930:
7920:
7915:
7905:
7617:
7040:
Untersuchungen zur kleinasiatischen Bauornamentik des Hellenismus
6935:
Naxos und Delos. Studien zur archaischen Architektur der Kykladen
6342:
Romanization and the City. Creation, transformation, and failures
5743:
5707:
5464:
5448:
5367:
5347:
5333:
4990:
4951:
4891:
4879:
4819:
4729:
4709:
4693:
4677:
4659:
4625:
4615:
4598:
4570:
4550:
4520:
4062:
3912:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3779:
One of the criteria by which Greek temples are classified is the
3760:
3538:
3343:
3312:
3132:
3068:
2973:
2776:
2772:
2693:
2603:
2523:
2480:
2221:
2120:
1893:
1854:
1563:
956:
768:
752:
707:
672:
628:
589:
532:
509:
486:
464:
401:
structures on stone foundations. The columns and superstructure (
340:
279:
211:
195:
144:
140:
10350:
9664:
7552:
Der korinthische Tempel bis zum Ende des Prinzipats des Augustus
7354:
Der korinthische Tempel bis zum Ende des Prinzipats des Augustus
7341:
Der korinthische Tempel bis zum Ende des Prinzipats des Augustus
7320:
Der korinthische Tempel bis zum Ende des Prinzipats des Augustus
7306:
Walter Voigtländer in: Adolf Hoffmann; Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner;
7295:
Der korinthische Tempel bis zum Ende des Prinzipats des Augustus
7287:
Zur Komposition der Laginafriese und zur Deutung des Nordfrieses
7257:
Der korinthische Tempel bis zum Ende des Prinzipats des Augustus
7197:
Der korinthische Tempel bis zum Ende des Prinzipats des Augustus
5097:. Pytheos was to be of major influence far beyond his lifetime.
3774:
2225:) of the shaft. Additionally, columns were placed with a slight
2040:
Another determining design feature was the relationship linking
262:, their decreasing financial wealth, along with the progressive
15697:
15303:
15101:
15029:
15024:
15015:
14990:
14970:
14877:
14767:
14726:
14698:
14595:
14559:
14478:
14323:
14263:
14243:
14238:
14212:
14181:
14171:
14101:
14071:
13981:
13956:
13911:
13896:
13851:
13836:
13771:
13766:
13756:
13711:
13706:
13696:
13640:
13585:
13580:
13491:
13454:
13426:
13400:
13374:
13338:
13328:
13282:
13267:
13257:
13207:
13197:
13192:
13148:
13143:
13106:
13076:
13006:
12956:
12888:
12866:
12821:
12816:
12763:
12758:
12733:
12718:
12681:
12665:
12630:
12589:
12544:
12519:
12489:
12479:
12464:
12449:
12224:
12208:
12188:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
11997:
11892:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11742:
11640:
11620:
11615:
11603:
11588:
11558:
11444:
11424:
11392:
11355:
11263:
10820:
10792:
10676:
10641:
10621:
10375:
10305:
10285:
10247:
10113:
9919:
9812:
9749:
9739:
9684:
9302:
9287:
8883:
8868:
8843:
8838:
8823:
8484:
8479:
8246:
8226:
7970:
7960:
7955:
7826:
7786:
7776:
7761:
6460:. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 1999, p. 1-68.
5715:
5692:
5601:
5560:
5549:
5545:
5484:, planned and started between 175 and 146 BC. This mighty
5423:
5351:
5263:
5251:
5219:
5158:
5149:, belonging to the age of Hermogenes or earlier, the temple of
5146:
5118:
5062:
5029:
5025:
4986:
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The pedimental sculpture of the first peripteral temple on the
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2591:
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could be thus depicted, as could scenes from the voyage of the
2434:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2398:
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2310:
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1898:
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788:
780:
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632:
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593:
554:
536:
528:
482:
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398:
381:, and roof made it different from then-contemporary buildings.
351:
313:
247:
243:
238:
191:
179:
171:
120:
108:
62:
43:
7410:
The Earth, the Temple, and the Gods: Greek Sacred Architecture
6539:
Power and Place: Temple and Identity in the Book of Revelation
5475:
5392:
at the back. Two Ionic columns at the front are framed by two
4742:
4424:
4325:
are shortened so as to form simple pillars. Instead of longer
4160:
The canonical solution was found fairly soon by the architect
1861:
1434:
has engaged columns in the inner row of columns at the sides.
1362:
or amphiprostyle repeats the same column setting at the back.
289:
fence or wall; the whole is usually called a "sanctuary". The
15541:
15536:
15474:
15131:
14995:
14975:
14904:
14899:
14662:
14657:
14621:
14600:
14428:
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13881:
13871:
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13514:
13481:
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13405:
13395:
13242:
13202:
13183:
13056:
12981:
12811:
12584:
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12534:
12296:
12040:
11937:
11852:
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11563:
11434:
11419:
11248:
10799:
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10616:
10385:
10360:
10257:
10197:
10182:
10050:
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9762:
9674:
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9634:
9609:
9292:
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8312:
8264:
7965:
7935:
7882:
7857:
7796:
7766:
7430:
and Dimitris Plantzos, 132–52. Vol. 1. Somerset: Wiley, 2012.
7422:
Yeroulanou, Marina. "Architecture in City and Sanctuary". In
5553:
5527:
5513:
5499:
5485:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5311:
5293:
5287:
5229:
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remained wooden at least until the 2nd century AD, when
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2016:
2010:
2004:
1954:, originally geometric, later floral or figural decorations.
1939:
1919:
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764:
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687:
573:
561:
mathematical complexity of ground plans and superstructures.
541:
522:
512:
432:
423:
406:
394:
327:
255:
7417:
Classical Greek Architecture: The Construction of the Modern
6905:
Die rechteckigen Peristasenstützen am samischen Hekatompedos
6868:. Hirmer Verlag, München 2006, p. 117-124, 227–228, 231–235.
5270:, completed in 406, follow the same succession of elements.
5214:, there was a figural frieze of 137 m length, depicting the
5129:
One of the projects led by Hermogenes was the Artemision of
3166:
Base of an Ionic column of the North Porch of the Erechtheum
15490:
15348:
14402:
13369:
13297:
13026:
13001:
12986:
12901:
12801:
12773:
12753:
12723:
12635:
12474:
12469:
11987:
10390:
10365:
10315:
9802:
9792:
6821:. Wiss. Buchges., Darmstadt 1986, S. 187. 195 Abb. 65. 66a.
6808:. Ausstellungskatalog Benaki Museum Athen 1983. Athen 1983.
6424:
in: Wolfram Hoepfner & Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner (eds.):
5171:, omitting the interior row of columns while maintaining a
5042:
4450:
4053:
Temple of Artemis, Kerkyra (early 6th century BC)
3768:
3715:
3444:
3307:
may have been permeated with a distinctive diffused light.
3286:
2852:
2787:
2567:
2203:
1559:
362:
86:
7463:. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2001,
5298:
was thus reduced to a mere hint of a full portico facade.
2247:. Its curvature affects all horizontal elements up to the
489:, one of the earliest stone-built Doric temples. Note the
447:) was exclusively used for temples in Greek architecture.
12620:
12484:
10762:
5888:
5726:
has an even larger group, with the main structure of the
3500:
2090:
intercolumniations. As a result, numerous temples of the
973:, and two columns placed between them. A door allows the
696:, followed by many prominent Roman examples, such as the
497:
Introduction of stone architecture: Archaic and Classical
474:, which became necessary for entirely aesthetic reasons.
390:
277:
The main temple building sat within a larger precinct or
10556:
7244:
Untersuchungen zu Gebäudestiftungen hellenistischer Zeit
6568:
Untersuchungen zu Gebäudestiftungen hellenistischer Zeit
6492:
Mythos und Polis. Bildprogramme griechischer Bauskulptur
6314:. Zabern, Mainz: Sonderheft Antike Welt. pp. 71 ff.
2763:, not least because of their size and frontal position.
2459:. Individual mythological scenes, like the abduction of
7270:
Zur Säulenordnung des Zeustempels von Olba-Diokaisareia
6969:
Die Bauplastik des archaischen Artemisions von Ephesos.
6806:
The Temple of Zeus at Nemea. Perspectives and Prospects
6780:
The Temple of Zeus at Nemea. Perspectives and Prospects
6430:
Die hellenistischen und römischen Propyla in Kleinasien
6065:
3588:, giving it a museum-like character (Pausanias 5, 17).
3229:
The functions of the temple mainly concentrated on the
3006:(5, 10, 8) describes bronze tripods forming the corner
264:
incorporation of the Greek world within the Roman state
6666:
6664:
6400:
The same basic proportion occurs, less purely, in the
6279:
5435:
The youngest of the three Classical Greek orders, the
1888:
Above the frieze, or an intermediate member, e.g. the
373:, built in 690–650 BC was perhaps the first true
6235:
van Ess, Margarete; Weber, Thomas (1999). "Baalbek".
3990:
2302:), or decorative elements of Doric architraves (e.g.
815:
Abandonment and conversion of temples: Late Antiquity
798:
The 5th century BC Doric temple of Athena,
384:
222:. Whereas the distinction was originally between the
6765:
Homer A. Thompson & Richard E. Wycherley :
5738:
and has the tumbled ruins of five temples, of which
4437:
Late Classical and Hellenistic: changing proportions
4208:
3311:
exceptions existed, e.g. the west-facing temples of
2759:
Special attention was paid to the decoration of the
1704:, the top is formed by a concavely curved neck, the
845:, first reconsecrated as a church was turned into a
580:
Decline of Greek temple building: Hellenistic period
10573:
7612:
Gallery of Images of Greek Architecture and Temples
6661:
4292:by many distinctive aesthetic solutions in detail.
3679:
2192:, whom Vitruvius credits with the invention of the
1555:. No temples with facades of that width are known.
155:. Most Greek temples were oriented astronomically.
27:
Buildings housing cult statues in Greek sanctuaries
7412:. Rev. ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.
7057:Hermogenes und die hochhellenistische Architektur.
6982:Neue Funde vom archaischen Apollontempel in Didyma
6782:. Catalogue Benaki Museum Athens 1983. Athens 1983
6426:Hermogenes und die hochhellenistische Architektur.
6264:
5306:There is very little evidence of Ionic temples in
5015:
5005:. The columns, with 36 flutings, were executed as
3504:Plan and interior reconstruction of the Temple of
2405:triangles often contained scenes of free-standing
2229:towards the centre of the building. Curvature and
739:lead to few new buildings, mostly temples for the
15770:Classical mythology in western art and literature
7356:. Internationale Archäologie 45, 1997, pp. 41–47.
7291:Untersuchungen zur kleinasiatischen Bauornamentik
7123:Untersuchungen zur kleinasiatischen Bauornamentik
7062:Hermogenes und die hochhellenistische Architektur
6793:Le sanctuaire d'Aléa Athéna à Tégée au IVe siècle
5571:Distinctive uses of Corinthian temples, influence
4886:Roughly beginning with the erection of the older
4507:
4475:already occurred in the slightly older temple of
4113:
15808:
7343:. Internationale Archäologie 45, 1997, p. 39-41.
7297:. Internationale Archäologie 45, 1997, p. 28 ff.
7199:. Internationale Archäologie 45, 1997, p. 16-21.
6939:Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
6689:Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
6129:(5th ed.). München: Hirmer. pp. 33–44.
5544:A further plan option is shown by the temple of
4775:. Thus, even at an early point, the axes of the
4763:. No fragments of architecture belonging to the
4139:
3697:family strongly supported the rebuilding of the
3473:Some famous temples, notably the Parthenon, the
3409:was embellished with two tiers of Doric columns.
2712:Detail of the frieze with Amazonomachy from the
2562:Architrave with sculpted metope showing sun god
2124:Proportion of column diameter to intercolumnium.
890:The central cult structure of the temple is the
869:, and of architectural members, determining the
7853:
7419:. English-language ed. Paris: Flammarion, 2004.
7259:. Internationale Archäologie 45, 1997, p. 26-27
6922:Die Säulenordnung des ersten Dipteros von Samos
6205:
4579:, entrance to which was usually forbidden, the
4126:, the Classical Doric temple type remained the
3559:functioned as significant visitor attractions.
3285:tiles. Marble roofs also covered the temple of
2174:Araeostyle, light-columned: intercolumnium = 3
2142:Pyknostyle, tight-columned: intercolumnium = 1
2030:
1748:band followed by a sculpted pillow forming two
1305:indicated merely by half-columns and shortened
450:The combination of the temple with colonnades (
98:'dwelling', semantically distinct from
7138:. Wiss. Buchges., Darmstadt 1986, pp. 189–190.
7003:Labraunda – Swedish excavations and researches
6769:. The Athenian Agora. Vol 14, 1972, p. 140 ff.
6756:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2004.
5945:"Minoan and Mycenaean civilization comparison"
5266:, is notable. The east and north halls of the
3684:
3413:The cult statue was often oriented towards an
1350:may be omitted in this case or just leave the
960:, created by the protruding side walls of the
708:End of Greek temple construction: Roman Greece
10542:
7633:
6791:C. Dugas; J. Berchamans & M. Clemmensen:
6743:. Hirmer, München 2001 (5. edn.), p. 212-216.
6486:About architectural sculpture: M. Oppermann:
6114:. Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchges. pp. 180–194.
5539:
5104:
4968:
4072:
3775:Temples of the different architectural orders
2779:, where the west pediment is taken up by the
2233:occur from the mid 6th century onwards.
1836:. The spaces between the triglyphs contained
7554:. Internationale Archäologie Vol. 45, 1997,
7461:Archaische Griechische Tempel und Altägypten
7377:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006.
6587:. C. H. Beck, München 1988, p. 15-25, 33–39.
6294:
6234:
6083:Griechische Mechanik und antike Gesellschaft
5145:include the temple of Aphrodite at Messa on
4865:
4102:in 510, work on this structure was stopped:
3334:, or in the specially prestigious form of a
2566:in a quadriga, from the Temple of Athena at
1611:
1479:
7433:
6685:Das Heraion von Olympia und seine Vorgänger
6515:
6513:
6267:Ergänzungsbände zu den Tituli Asiae Minoris
6183:
5730:especially well-preserved. Along the coast
5494:Epiphanes, it combined all elements of the
5476:Hellenistic Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens
5006:
4945:
4931:
4804:
4527:. Both temples had fronts of nine columns.
3947:removed the fixed relationship between the
3876:
3102:
2367:1883 reconstruction of color scheme of the
2158:Eustyle, well-columned: intercolumnium = 2
1810:frieze). The Ionic order of Athens and the
1718:bulge, originally very flat, the so-called
1578:with a width of five columns (pentastyle).
1551:is only used for the 12-column hall at the
933:
712:In the early 1st century BC, the
102:
13134:
10549:
10535:
8519:
7640:
7626:
7391:. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
6894:. Hirmer Verlag, München 2006, p. 104-110.
6847:. Hirmer Verlag, München 2006, p. 157-158.
6386:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6348:. Supplementary. Vol. 38. Portsmouth.
6249:
6220:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6154:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6095:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6032:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6003:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5991:Griechische Baukunst in geometrischer Zeit
5889:Robin Hagg; Nanno Marinatos, eds. (2002).
5742:from the original material. Not far away,
4385:are its themes. The external walls of the
3301:. As marble is not entirely opaque, those
2879:. The pediment of the later temple of the
2388:
1970:
1758:. The eponymous Corinthian capital of the
1730:. In the course of their development, the
1484:An additional definition, already used by
7293:. Bd. I, 1994, p. 132 ff.; Ralf Schenk:
6629:Georg Kawerau & Georgios Soteriades:
6068:Historische und archäologische Auswertung
5942:
5850:(quoted): 42–43 – via Google Books.
5071:of Ionia, erected between 350 and 330 by
4668:depth of 3.5 column distances (temple of
4591:was a free-standing structure within the
4363:. The temple's width to height up to the
3522:It used to be thought that access to the
3323:, or the north–south oriented temples of
2491:, were recurring themes on many temples.
1590:Annotated sectional view of the Parthenon
316:. Constructed between 690 and 650 BC
7415:Tzonis, Alexander, and Phoivē Giannisē.
7339:. Bd. VI. 1923, p. 40 ff.; Ralf Schenk:
7134:Temple L in Epidauros; see Hans Lauter:
7125:. Bd. I. Zabern, Mainz 1994, p. 141-143.
6958:. Sonderheft Antike Welt. Vol. 20, 1996.
6510:
6339:
6080:
5863:
5646:
5563:and, on the middle gymnasium terrace at
5504:made the temple an exception in Athens.
5463:. A small temple of Athena Limnastis at
5413:
5337:
5241:
5108:
5019:
4972:
4926:
4869:
4741:
4423:
4370:
4294:
4251:
4143:
4106:had no desire to continue a monument of
3973:
3803:
3688:
3620:, thus directly protected by the deity.
3499:
3390:
3194:
3036:Illustrations with examples of acroteria
2739:
2119:
2084:
1860:
1774:
1661:
1585:
1319:
1193:
1015:, may be included at the far end of the
910:temples, a separate room, the so-called
823:and his successors on the throne of the
793:
583:
563:
476:
304:
185:
157:
48:
29:
15792:Modern understanding of Greek mythology
12411:
6984:. In: Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner (Hrsg.):
6324:
6168:
5828:
5734:was destroyed about 250 BC by the
5278:An innovative Ionic temple was that of
4809:
4463:two intercolumniations deep, while the
3991:The Heraion at Olympia (c. 600 BC)
3793:
3219:
3205:cult image at the original size in the
1892:of the Ionic or Corinthian orders, the
1293:temple. A variant of that type has the
214:monumental "peripteral" buildings with
14:
15822:Ancient Greek buildings and structures
15809:
9573:
7434:Zuchtriegel, Gabriel (20 April 2023).
6881:. Hirmer Verlag, München 2006, p. 198.
6864:. Zabern, Mainz 2003; Dieter Mertens:
6541:, pp. 48–50, 2012, Walter de Gruyter,
6359:
6124:
6109:
6046:
6017:
5988:
5049:had only 6 × 8 columns, the temple of
4247:
3985:
3190:
2209:
1896:protrudes notably. It consists of the
12887:
12410:
10572:
10530:
10430:
9572:
9001:
8505:
7852:
7672:
7621:
6952:Das Heiligtum der Artemis von Ephesos
6907:. In: Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner (ed.):
6858:Die archaischen Metopen von Selinunt.
6412:. C. H. Beck, München 1988, p. 27-32.
6327:Le sanctuaire de Baalshamin à Palmyre
5922:
5786:List of ancient architectural records
5409:
5196:of four column depths, a four-column
3816:, the best-preserved Doric temple in
3701:, so as to improve their standing in
1878:
1063:is enclosed on all four sides by the
12184:Oracle of Apollo Thyrxeus at Cyaneae
10041:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
7673:
7606:Gallery with images of Greek Temples
7375:Greek Architecture and Its Sculpture
6954:. 1984; Anton Bammer – Ulrike Muss:
6862:Selinus I. Die Stadt und ihre Mauern
6860:Zabern, Mainz 1979; Dieter Mertens:
6237:Bann römischer Monumentalarchitektur
6139:
5859:
5857:
5636:
5327:
4850:had leaf decoration and no volutes.
3730:, who ordered the rebuilding of the
3087:, 6th or 5th centuries BC, ceramic,
2425:and later on Eastern Ionic temples.
2417:. Here, the architrave corners bore
2383:Original polychromy of Ionic temples
985:. A similar room at the back of the
791:into the later 2nd century AD.
198:, depicting Heracles killing a giant
7538:Griechisches Bauwesen in der Antike
7503:Architektur der Griechen: Grundzüge
6585:Griechisches Bauwesen in der Antike
6562:K. Bringmann & H. von Steuben,
6410:Griechisches Bauwesen in der Antike
4977:Remains of the temple of Apollo at
4610:The largest such structure was the
4483:, but there it was repeated in the
3919:in the 7th century were Doric
1311:, so that it can be described as a
24:
15787:Greek mythology in popular culture
11135:Relationship with Greek philosophy
11076:Religions of the ancient Near East
9002:
7647:
7519:. Wiss. Buchges., Darmstadt 1986,
7505:. Wiss. Buchges., Darmstadt 1988,
7491:. Hirmer, München 2001 (5. edn.),
7477:. Hirmer, München 1983 (3. edn.),
6997:Pontus Hellström – Thomas Thieme:
6715:Korkyra. Bd. 1 – Der Artemistempel
6171:Frühe Denkmäler Roms in Kleinasien
5834:"The Orientation of Greek Temples"
5801:List of Greek mythological figures
5087:, integrated into the back of the
4922:seven wonders of the ancient world
4910:was executed as unroofed internal
4601:. If possible, columns inside the
3789:
3785:
3693:In the late 6th century, the
1944:was usually richly decorated with
1523:6 columns, term used by Vitruvius
1515:4 columns, term used by Vitruvius
1407:directly attached to the external
1375:designates a temple surrounded by
997:. There is no door connecting the
670:temples, as well as tiny shrines (
385:Wooden architecture: Early Archaic
25:
15838:
14528:Necromanteion (necromancy temple)
11220:Religious views of emperor Julian
7565:
7389:A Companion to Greek Architecture
7384:. New York: Electa/Rizzoli, 1988.
6369:(in German). Köln. Archived from
6340:Fentress, Elizabeth, ed. (2000).
6280:Nollé, J.; Schindler, F. (1991).
6070:. Berlin: Akademie Verlag Berlin.
5892:Greek Sanctuaries: New Approaches
5854:
4853:
4209:Other canonical Classical temples
3600:The back room of the temple, the
3582:offerings could be placed in the
3518:and the single Corinthian column.
2270:from the Parthenon, its columns,
2128:
1476:, peripteral amphiprostyle, etc.
916:was sometimes included after the
508:In the 6th century BC,
405:) were wooden, door openings and
206:temples developed from the small
10510:
10500:
10491:
10490:
7149:Der ionische Tempel von Metapont
6754:The Parthenon and its sculptures
6456:. In: Lothar Haselberger (ed.):
6254:. Vol. 12. pp. 95–133.
5617:
5585:
5301:
4993:, begun around 540, was another
4737:
4721:
4701:
4685:
3860:also influenced scholarship and
3799:
3680:Sponsors, construction and costs
3512:. Note the side entrance to the
3281:, where the roof was usually of
3171:
3159:
3140:
3120:
3076:
3060:
3041:
3029:
2935:
2915:
2892:
2705:
2680:
2656:
2629:
2555:
2543:
2515:
2496:
2376:
2360:
2348:
2333:
2105:, not only in its 8 × 17 column
1762:is crowned by rings of stylised
1393:, where the side columns of the
1287:design, this is called a double
1155:
1138:
1121:
1099:
1083:
926:, this habit continued into the
527:. This idea was later copied in
521:as an alternative to the single
515:developed the double-colonnaded
10511:
7517:Die Architektur des Hellenismus
7362:
7346:
7325:
7300:
7279:
7262:
7249:
7236:
7215:
7202:
7189:
7178:
7169:
7158:
7141:
7136:Die Architektur des Hellenismus
7128:
7115:
7091:
7067:
7045:
7032:
7008:
6991:
6974:
6961:
6944:
6927:
6914:
6897:
6884:
6871:
6850:
6837:
6824:
6819:Die Architektur des Hellenismus
6811:
6798:
6785:
6772:
6759:
6746:
6733:
6720:
6707:
6694:
6677:
6644:
6623:
6610:
6590:
6581:Die Architektur des Hellenismus
6573:
6556:
6531:
6522:
6497:
6480:
6463:
6446:
6415:
6394:
6352:
6333:
6318:
6303:
6288:
6273:
6258:
6243:
6228:
6206:Hänlein-Schäfer, Heidi (1985).
6199:
6177:
6162:
6133:
6118:
6112:Die Architektur des Hellenismus
6103:
6074:
6059:
6040:
5699:in 1812, which was soon in the
5430:
5113:Capital from the Artemision of
5016:Temple of Athena Polias, Priene
4822:around 560, is the first known
4457:, the front is emphasised by a
4260:, note triple colonnade in the
3741:
3641:
3632:were often closed off from the
3591:
2946:with its very damaged pediments
2839:depicts the preparations for a
2790:with a thunderbolt, fighting a
7438:. Cambridge University Press.
6834:. Hirmer Verlag, München 2006.
6752:Michael B. Cosmopoulos (ed.):
6295:Ward-Perkins, John B. (1983).
6020:Festschrift für Friedrich Matz
6011:
5982:
5968:
5936:
5916:
5881:
5872:
5822:
5604:), from 16 BC, a typical
5237:
5208:. Above the architrave of the
4508:Doric temples in Magna Graecia
4114:Classical period: canonisation
3892:, a 100-foot-long (30 m)
3763:, a single column cost 40,000
3638:by wooden barriers or fences.
3616:contained the treasury of the
3479:Temple of Asclepius, Epidaurus
3386:
3016:forming the ridge ones on the
2903:from the west pediment of the
2851:, the mythical king of nearby
2754:Archaeological Museum of Corfu
1975:
1789:
389:The first temples were mostly
300:
13:
1:
11071:Proto-Indo-European mythology
8112:
8099:
8080:
8063:
7208:See Renate Tölle-Kastenbein:
6941:. Vol. 112, 1997, p. 261–416.
6702:The Temple of Apollo Bassitas
6471:Pierre de La Coste-Messelière
5895:. Routledge. chapter 1.
5816:
5791:List of Ancient Greek temples
5643:List of Ancient Greek temples
5608:, is a Corinthian hexaystyle
4222:
4140:Temple of Zeus, Olympia (460)
4077:Among the Doric temples, the
4000:
3886:
3867:
3051:, 350-325 BC, marble, in the
2802:
2614:that is placed on top of the
2280:
2095:
1906:of the narrow walls a sloped
1649:. The uppermost level of the
1238:was formed by the protruding
1189:
1030:
876:
14845:Greek mythological creatures
11371:Funeral and burial practices
9240:Funeral and burial practices
8425:Military of Mycenaean Greece
7596:Resources in other libraries
7540:. C. H. Beck, München 1988,
6778:Frederick A. Cooper et al.:
6346:Journal of Roman Archaeology
6189:Journal of Roman Archaeology
5554:
5528:
5514:
5500:
5486:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5342:The Hellenistic temple with
5312:
5294:
5288:
5273:
5230:
5224:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5173:
5167:
5141:
5135:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5067:
5037:
5001:
4995:
4916:
4906:
4896:
4846:
4836:
4830:
4824:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4777:
4754:
4664:
4637:
4630:
4620:
4603:
4593:
4587:
4575:
4561:
4555:
4545:
4539:
4533:
4515:
4500:
4494:
4485:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4397:
4387:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4343:
4337:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4262:
4201:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4128:
4090:
4041:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4008:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3864:from an early point onward.
3672:could also be used for cult
3668:
3658:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3608:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3564:
3550:
3544:
3524:
3483:
3453:
3425:
3419:
3303:
3273:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3222:
3096:
3008:
2990:
2725:
2616:
2487:, all three depicted on the
2320:
2298:
2292:
2285:
2272:
2265:
2255:
2249:
2194:
2113:
2107:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2032:
2017:
2011:
1940:
1934:, earlier temples often had
1920:
1908:
1881:
1848:
1768:
1754:
1736:
1651:
1629:
1623:
1614:
1581:
1547:
1472:
1466:
1457:
1430:
1418:
1409:
1395:
1352:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1146:
1129:
1113:
1107:
1091:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
987:
981:
975:
962:
950:
941:
935:
918:
902:, which usually contained a
892:
883:
860:
635:did not make much progress.
523:
433:
424:
407:
328:
87:
7:
12204:Sanctuary of the Great Gods
12194:Oracle of Artemis at Ikaros
6691:. Bd. 81, 1966, p. 310-376.
6631:Der Apollotempel zu Thermos
6477:. Bd. IV 3, 1931, S. 15 ff.
6297:Roman Imperial Architecture
5749:
5631:, 1st century CE.
5470:
4844:. The columns of the inner
4840:of the later rebuilding by
4746:Typical proportions of the
4728:Model of the Olympieion at
3685:Public and private sponsors
3209:, Tennessee, United States.
2744:The west pediment from the
2081:rarely follow this system.
1499:number of columns at front
10:
15843:
15827:Ancient Greek architecture
14850:Greek mythological figures
12189:Oracle of Apollo at Ptoion
12133:Temple of Artemis, Ephesus
11611:Greek terracotta figurines
10992:Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis
9164:Greek Revival architecture
8506:
7155:. Bd. 86, 1979, p. 103 ff.
6956:Das Artemision von Ephesos
6804:Frederick A. Cooper e.a.:
6658:. Bd. 39, 1914, S. 237 ff.
6652:Zu den Metopen von Thermos
6566:. 1995; Hildegard Schaaf:
6284:. p. 89, No. 17.
6125:Gruben, Gottfried (2001).
6049:Internationale Archäologie
5887:Theories are discussed in
5776:Greek Revival architecture
5689:temple of Apollo Epicurius
5640:
5540:Temple of Hekate at Lagina
5331:
5286:, one of the first of the
5105:The Artemision of Magnesia
5057:only 6 × 9. The temple of
4969:Temple of Apollo at Didyma
4761:Ionian areas of settlement
4523:and Temple of Apollo A at
4266:and pillared room at back.
4073:Archaic Olympieion, Athens
3828:. Especially the ruins of
3699:Temple of Apollo at Delphi
3465:. The temple of Athena at
3212:
3053:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2962:The roofs were crowned by
2955:
2767:was originally in massive
2729:
2714:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
2579:
2575:
2475:. The battles against the
2432:
2428:
1682:
1079:Elements of the floor plan
1039:The complex formed by the
320:
283:, usually surrounded by a
76:
15760:
15665:
15462:
15407:
15364:
15357:
15249:
15153:
15038:
14922:
14913:
14870:
14837:
14830:
14823:
14786:
14760:
14707:
14635:
14614:
14588:
14547:
14527:
14497:
14470:
14444:
14437:
14411:
14370:
14361:
14352:
14062:
13835:
13800:
13558:
13547:
13445:
13414:
13388:
13357:
13321:
13235:
13169:
13125:
12969:
12935:
12880:
12782:
12704:
12674:
12598:
12527:
12518:
12435:
12420:
12406:
12336:
12310:
12284:
12253:
12217:
12146:
12068:
12061:
12006:
11983:
11976:
11728:
11721:
11664:
11579:
11497:
11336:
11329:
11292:
11232:
11115:
11084:
11059:List of Mycenaean deities
11039:
11032:
10885:
10844:
10775:
10760:
10607:Ancient accounts of Homer
10582:
10568:
10486:
10437:
10431:
10426:
10271:
10148:
10137:
10064:
9986:
9943:
9890:
9748:
9600:
9591:
9587:
9568:
9517:
9432:
9370:
9332:
9325:
9275:
9235:
9226:
9148:
9025:
9021:
8997:
8963:
8932:
8774:
8661:
8605:
8572:Attalid kings of Pergamon
8527:
8518:
8514:
8501:
8380:Antigonid Macedonian army
8353:
8326:
8298:
8255:
8212:
8203:
8045:
7984:
7881:
7877:
7848:
7747:
7696:
7692:
7668:
7655:
7591:Resources in your library
7536:Müller-Wiener, Wolfgang:
7475:Die Skulptur der Griechen
7387:Miles, Margaret Melanie.
7289:. 1989; Frank Rumscheid:
7225:. 1968; Detlev Wannagat:
6726:Renate Tölle-Kastenbein:
6282:Die Inschriften von Selge
6140:Quaß, Friedemann (1993).
6081:Schürman, Astrid (1991).
5989:Drerup, Heinrich (1969).
5905:– via Google Books.
5796:List of Greco-Roman roofs
5165:. The arrangement of the
4914:courtyard, the so-called
4866:The Artemision of Ephesos
4183:plus the adjacent space (
3978:The Doric columns of the
3862:Neoclassical architecture
3664:Temple of Hera at Olympia
3557:Statue of Zeus at Olympia
3495:
3475:Temple of Zeus at Olympia
3340:Statue of Zeus at Olympia
3067:Illustration which shows
2958:List of Greco-Roman roofs
1957:
1870:block from the temple at
1794:The capitals support the
1724:, and a square slab, the
1480:Column number terminology
1328:If the porch of a temple
1275:). When equipped with an
14535:Necromanteion of Acheron
14519:Ploutonion at Hierapolis
12098:Necromanteion of Acheron
10974:Interpretation of Dreams
7424:A Companion to Greek Art
7408:Scully, Vincent Joseph.
7398:. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
7231:Archäologischer Anzeiger
7018:. Köln 1999, p 261-301 (
6325:Collart, Pierre (1969).
6022:. Mainz. pp. 32–38.
5950:. lesson. Archived from
5781:Ancient Greek technology
5766:Glossary of architecture
5131:Magnesia on the Maeander
5115:Magnesia on the Maeander
4985:The temple of Apollo at
4805:Monumental Ionic temples
4641:could be decorated with
3877:First monumental temples
3750:
3321:Magnesia on the Maeander
3254:and cult statue was the
3107:of the Ionic temples at
2951:
2697:on the west side of the
2608:Magnesia on the Maeander
2463:or a cattle raid by the
2397:areas offered space for
2117:(here reversed to 9:4).
1918:. On the long side, the
1902:(on the sloped sides or
1782:on the west side of the
1455:which, however, lacks a
979:to be accessed from the
954:, there is a porch, the
735:The introduction of the
194:fill lichude, museum at
13668:(Castor and Polydeuces)
12138:Temple of Zeus, Olympia
11599:Chryselephantine statue
11294:New religious movements
7608:(University of Chicago)
7489:Die Tempel der Griechen
7459:Bietak, Manfred (ed.):
7337:Altertümer von Pergamon
7285:See Ulrich Junghölter:
7210:Das Olympieion in Athen
6741:Die Tempel der Griechen
6728:Das Olympieion in Athen
6603:. In: Theodor Wiegand:
6360:Cramme, Stefan (2001).
6169:Tuchelt, Klaus (1979).
6127:Die Tempel der Griechen
6085:. Stuttgart. p. 5.
5685:Temple of Olympian Zeus
5507:
5024:Ruins of the temple of
4395:surrounding the entire
3904:of 5 × 15 columns, its
3336:chryselephantine statue
3180:Temple of Olympian Zeus
3147:The North Porch of the
3012:and statues of Nike by
2389:Architectural sculpture
1971:Design and measurements
881:
810:during the Middle Ages.
210:structures into double-
151:examples, which follow
11284:Samothracian Mysteries
11066:Paleo-Balkan mythology
10577:and religious practice
10558:Ancient Greek religion
8606:Artists & scholars
8521:List of ancient Greeks
8158:Second Athenian League
8007:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
7832:Ancient Greek colonies
7396:Ancient Greek Religion
7108:April 9, 2008, at the
7084:April 9, 2008, at the
7025:April 9, 2008, at the
7005:. Vol 1, 3. Lund 1982.
6704:. Vol. 1–4. 1992–1996.
6490:. 1990; Heiner Knell:
6439:April 9, 2008, at the
6406:Wolfgang Müller-Wiener
5866:Ancient Greek Religion
5864:Mikalson, Jon (2010).
5830:Lockyer, Joseph Norman
5756:Ancient Greek religion
5660:
5453:Serapeum of Alexandria
5427:
5359:
5255:
5126:
5032:
5007:
4982:
4946:
4941:
4932:
4883:
4751:
4553:, classifying them as
4445:and that of Athena in
4433:
4428:The temple of Zeus at
4403:Panathenaic procession
4335:colonnades inside the
4304:
4267:
4157:
3982:
3821:
3710:
3519:
3410:
3403:: The interior of the
3215:Ancient_Greek_religion
3210:
3207:Parthenon in Nashville
3103:
2867:, or the struggle for
2756:
2663:Ionic frieze from the
2401:and relief slabs; the
2184:lower column diameters
2168:lower column diameters
2152:lower column diameters
2125:
1875:
1786:
1679:
1591:
1399:are indicated only by
1365:In contrast, the term
1325:
1324:Different temple plans
1217:
811:
631:and the Artemision at
596:
576:
568:The temple of Zeus in
493:
317:
250:and sculptures on the
242:building stones or of
199:
183:
113:ancient Greek religion
103:
65:
46:
12344:Athenian sacred ships
12154:Amphiareion of Oropos
11383:Greco-Roman mysteries
11117:Hellenistic religions
9725:Sybaris on the Traeis
8450:Sacred Band of Thebes
8190:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
7704:Cycladic civilization
7316:Bautechnik der Antike
7223:Olba in Rough Cilicia
6700:Frederick A. Cooper:
6553:; Miles, 212–213, 220
6110:Lauter, Hans (1986).
5761:Art in ancient Greece
5657:Werner Carl-Friedrich
5650:
5417:
5341:
5260:Temple of Nike Aptera
5245:
5112:
5023:
4976:
4930:
4873:
4745:
4692:Temple of Hera II at
4585:. In some cases, the
4427:
4298:
4255:
4147:
4110:self-aggrandisation.
3977:
3965:"floated" within the
3807:
3692:
3503:
3443:and at the temple of
3394:
3271:, where the southern
3198:
2956:Further information:
2944:Temple of Athena Nike
2743:
2530:on a metope from the
2123:
2085:Column number formula
1864:
1778:
1744:is decorated with an
1665:
1589:
1323:
1197:
922:for this purpose. In
806:, transformed into a
797:
747:, e.g. the temple of
587:
567:
480:
308:
189:
161:
52:
33:
15567:Necklace of Harmonia
15394:Orpheus and Eurydice
15374:Calydonian boar hunt
14570:Isles of the Blessed
13823:Seven against Thebes
12199:Oracle of Menestheus
11689:Greek Magical Papyri
11259:Eleusinian Mysteries
11236:and sacred mysteries
10956:Greek Magical Papyri
10682:Interpretatio graeca
10662:Greek words for love
9250:mythological figures
8971:Ancient Greek tribes
8096:Peloponnesian League
7577:Ancient Greek temple
7221:Theodora S. MacKay:
7212:. Böhlau, Köln 1994.
7147:See Dieter Mertens:
7101:. Köln 1999, p. 26 (
7097:Ibrahim Hakan Mert:
7077:. Köln 1999, p. 26 (
7014:Ibrahim Hakan Mert:
6924:. Habelt, Bonn 2007.
6903:Hermann J. Kienast:
6890:see Dieter Mertens:
6730:. Böhlau, Köln 1994.
6713:Gerhard Rodenwaldt:
6537:Stevenson, Gregory,
6402:Temple of Hephaestus
5740:one has been rebuilt
5681:Temple of Hephaestus
5482:Olympieion of Athens
5398:walls as in a Greek
4810:The Heraion of Samos
4712:, with well-defined
4618:, an 8 × 17 columns
4415:Temple of Hephaistos
4230:Temple of Hephaistos
3810:Temple of Hephaistos
3199:Reproduction of the
3135:(Greece), 444–440 BC
2765:Pedimental sculpture
2736:Pedimental sculpture
2636:Doric frieze of the
2002:, as well as of the
1946:pedimental sculpture
1752:, supporting a thin
1356:without columns. An
1021:, backing up on the
640:Hermogenes of Priene
437:was equipped with a
422:is the first of the
220:architectural orders
15642:Trident of Poseidon
15607:Philosopher's stone
15517:Girdle of Aphrodite
15389:Labours of Heracles
14773:Cap of invisibility
14249:Messapian shepherds
13447:Other major deities
13432:Hermes Trismegistus
12390:Theatre of Dionysus
12302:Islands of Diomedes
12261:Cave of Zeus, Aydın
11636:Panathenaic amphora
11507:Amphictyonic league
11254:Dionysian Mysteries
11170:Hellenistic Judaism
11005:Sortes Astrampsychi
9362:Tunnel of Eupalinos
9357:Theatre of Dionysus
8981:Ancient Macedonians
8597:Tyrants of Syracuse
8109:Amphictyonic League
7709:Minoan civilization
7487:Gruben, Gottfried:
7233:. 2005, p. 117-166.
7053:Magnesia am Mäander
6920:Christof Hendrich:
6637:. Bd. 2, 1902/08. (
6528:Miles, 212–213, 220
6475:Fouilles de Delphes
5728:Temple of Concordia
5218:. Above it lay the
5202:, and a two-column
5133:, one of the first
4597:, e.g. temple G in
4391:are crowned with a
4371:optical refinements
4349:Archaic predecessor
4248:The Parthenon (450)
3986:Stone-built temples
3431:Corinthian capitals
3241:. In contrast, the
3191:Function and design
3153:Acropolis of Athens
2210:Optical refinements
1678:(final two) columns
1344:temples. The whole
1314:pseudo-opisthodomos
1299:at the back of the
1232:, a small porch or
1150:(sometimes omitted)
726:Temple of Aphrodite
615:. Only the west of
291:Acropolis of Athens
162:Model of a typical
147:temples, or to the
40:Acropolis of Athens
15612:Shield of Achilles
14787:Animals, daemons,
14565:Fields of Asphodel
14309:Polybus of Corinth
13813:Calydonian hunters
12437:Primordial deities
12292:Island of Achilles
12235:Mount Ida (Turkey)
11646:Sacrificial tripod
11330:Religious practice
11244:Arcadian Mysteries
11125:Early Christianity
11054:Mycenaean religion
10918:Catalogue of Women
10036:Menestheus's Limin
9690:Pandosia (Lucania)
9578:Greek colonisation
8940:Athenian statesmen
8701:Diogenes of Sinope
8562:Kings of Macedonia
8552:Kings of Commagene
8420:Macedonian phalanx
8400:Hellenistic armies
8148:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
8012:Indo-Greek Kingdom
7734:Hellenistic Greece
7382:Greek Architecture
7242:Hildegard Schaaf:
6999:The temple of Zeus
6933:Gottfried Gruben:
6739:Gottfried Gruben:
6452:Lothar Haselberg:
6185:Roueché, Charlotte
5868:. Wiley-Blackwell.
5661:
5578:Roman architecture
5459:, both erected by
5428:
5410:Corinthian temples
5360:
5256:
5157:and the temple of
5127:
5095:natural philosophy
5033:
4983:
4942:
4884:
4752:
4434:
4401:and depicting the
4305:
4268:
4238:temple of Poseidon
4168:, who erected the
4158:
4004: 600 BC
3997:Heraion of Olympia
3983:
3980:Heraion of Olympia
3898:, surrounded by a
3822:
3711:
3548:. Once inside the
3520:
3481:, had much of the
3411:
3211:
3129:Temple of Poseidon
2799:Athenian Acropolis
2757:
2570:, circa 300–280 BC
2526:struggling with a
2126:
1876:
1828:was structured by
1787:
1680:
1592:
1326:
1256:was linked to the
1218:
812:
605:Hellenistic Greece
601:Hellenistic period
597:
588:Temple of Hera in
577:
494:
491:monolithic columns
377:temple. Its size,
318:
260:Hellenistic period
200:
184:
153:Egyptian tradition
125:Greek architecture
66:
47:
15804:
15803:
15800:
15799:
15756:
15755:
15622:Sword of Damocles
15458:
15457:
15399:Returns from Troy
15384:Judgment of Paris
15369:Apollo and Daphne
15149:
15148:
15145:
15144:
15127:Stymphalian birds
15097:Mares of Diomedes
14819:
14818:
14543:
14542:
14493:
14492:
13831:
13830:
13543:
13542:
13389:Trickster deities
13358:Messenger deities
13231:
13230:
12965:
12964:
12700:
12699:
12599:Second generation
12402:
12401:
12398:
12397:
12230:Mount Ida (Crete)
12057:
12056:
12053:
12052:
12049:
12048:
12008:Panhellenic Games
11993:Panathenaic Games
11325:
11324:
11274:Mysteries of Isis
11264:Imbrian Mysteries
11234:Mystery religions
11200:Etruscan religion
11028:
11027:
10524:
10523:
10482:
10481:
10422:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10414:
10413:
9988:Iberian Peninsula
9920:Lipara/Meligounis
9886:
9885:
9564:
9563:
9560:
9559:
9537:Cypriot syllabary
9428:
9427:
9337:Athenian Treasury
9321:
9320:
8993:
8992:
8989:
8988:
8582:Ptolemaic dynasty
8542:Archons of Athens
8497:
8496:
8493:
8492:
8368:Athenian military
8349:
8348:
8182:League of Corinth
8164:Thessalian League
8140:Chalcidian League
8122:Acarnanian League
8032:Ptolemaic Kingdom
7844:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7572:Library resources
7560:978-3-89646-317-3
7529:Mertens, Dieter:
7352:See Ralf Schenk:
7268:Detlev Wannagat:
7121:Frank Rumscheid:
7038:Frank Rumscheid:
6980:Peter Schneider:
6683:Alfred Mallwitz:
6549:, 9783110880397,
6469:Charles Picard –
6191:. Supplementary.
5923:E. Becker (ed.).
5637:Surviving remains
5443:of at modern-day
5328:Hellenistic India
5151:Apollo Sminthaios
5008:columnae caelatae
4947:columnae caelatae
4409:the paradigmatic
4307:For example, the
4104:Democratic Athens
4049:150 years later.
3267:and of Athena at
3178:The ruins of the
3127:The ruins of the
2994:of the temple of
2752:(Greece), in the
2746:Temple of Artemis
2612:160 m long frieze
2602:on the temple of
2590:on the temple of
2483:, as well as the
2371:on a Doric temple
1986:intercolumniation
1834:intercolumniation
1674:(next three) and
1543:
1542:
1470:temple, prostyle
1216:frame two columns
1200:Athenian Treasury
1057:and possibly the
906:of the deity. In
771:. The increasing
722:Eastern provinces
462:, with a frontal
371:Temple of Isthmia
310:Temple of Isthmia
272:the other article
97:
85:
16:(Redirected from
15834:
15718:Rod of Asclepius
15485:Apple of Discord
15362:
15361:
15082:Erymanthian boar
14991:Horses of Helios
14920:
14919:
14835:
14834:
14828:
14827:
14462:Heraclea Pontica
14442:
14441:
14368:
14367:
14359:
14358:
13556:
13555:
13132:
13131:
13127:Chthonic deities
12885:
12884:
12706:Twelve Olympians
12675:Third generation
12528:First generation
12525:
12524:
12433:
12432:
12408:
12407:
12318:Castalian Spring
12066:
12065:
11981:
11980:
11726:
11725:
11674:Apotropaic magic
11455:Animal sacrifice
11334:
11333:
11130:Christianization
11037:
11036:
10773:
10772:
10570:
10569:
10551:
10544:
10537:
10528:
10527:
10514:
10513:
10504:
10494:
10493:
10428:
10427:
10146:
10145:
9645:Heraclea Lucania
9598:
9597:
9589:
9588:
9570:
9569:
9330:
9329:
9262:Twelve Olympians
9233:
9232:
9023:
9022:
8999:
8998:
8587:Seleucid dynasty
8567:Kings of Paionia
8516:
8515:
8503:
8502:
8373:Scythian archers
8280:Graphe paranomon
8210:
8209:
8117:
8114:
8104:
8101:
8085:
8082:
8072:
8068:
8065:
7879:
7878:
7850:
7849:
7729:Classical Greece
7714:Mycenaean Greece
7694:
7693:
7670:
7669:
7642:
7635:
7628:
7619:
7618:
7454:Foreign language
7449:
7380:Martin, Roland.
7357:
7350:
7344:
7329:
7323:
7304:
7298:
7283:
7277:
7266:
7260:
7253:
7247:
7240:
7234:
7219:
7213:
7206:
7200:
7193:
7187:
7182:
7176:
7173:
7167:
7162:
7156:
7145:
7139:
7132:
7126:
7119:
7113:
7095:
7089:
7071:
7065:
7049:
7043:
7042:. 1994, p 42–47.
7036:
7030:
7012:
7006:
6995:
6989:
6978:
6972:
6965:
6959:
6948:
6942:
6931:
6925:
6918:
6912:
6901:
6895:
6888:
6882:
6877:Dieter Mertens:
6875:
6869:
6854:
6848:
6843:Dieter Mertens:
6841:
6835:
6830:Dieter Mertens:
6828:
6822:
6815:
6809:
6802:
6796:
6789:
6783:
6776:
6770:
6763:
6757:
6750:
6744:
6737:
6731:
6724:
6718:
6711:
6705:
6698:
6692:
6681:
6675:
6670:Dieter Mertens:
6668:
6659:
6648:
6642:
6635:Antike Denkmäler
6627:
6621:
6616:Dieter Mertens:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6594:
6588:
6577:
6571:
6560:
6554:
6535:
6529:
6526:
6520:
6517:
6508:
6501:
6495:
6484:
6478:
6467:
6461:
6450:
6444:
6432:. 2001, p. 115 (
6422:Wolfram Hoepfner
6419:
6413:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6385:
6377:
6376:on 9 April 2008.
6375:
6368:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6219:
6211:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6153:
6145:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6094:
6086:
6078:
6072:
6071:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6031:
6023:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6002:
5994:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5976:"Archaic temple"
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5956:
5949:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5931:on 2 April 2015.
5927:. Archived from
5920:
5914:
5906:
5885:
5879:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5861:
5852:
5851:
5826:
5720:Valle dei Templi
5651:Painting of the
5621:
5610:pseudoperipteros
5589:
5557:
5555:pseudoperipteros
5531:
5522:-Diokaisarea in
5517:
5503:
5489:
5457:Hermopolis Magna
5455:and a temple at
5437:Corinthian order
5400:distyle in antis
5391:
5385:
5379:
5315:
5297:
5291:
5289:pseudoperipteros
5233:
5227:
5213:
5207:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5183:
5176:
5170:
5144:
5138:
5092:
5086:
5080:
5070:
5040:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4949:
4935:
4919:
4909:
4900:, its architect
4899:
4849:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4816:Heraion of Samos
4799:
4793:
4787:
4780:
4725:
4705:
4689:
4667:
4640:
4633:
4623:
4606:
4596:
4590:
4578:
4564:
4558:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4518:
4503:
4497:
4488:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4400:
4390:
4368:
4362:
4356:
4346:
4340:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4265:
4227:
4224:
4204:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4134:Classical period
4131:
4093:
4044:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4011:
4005:
4002:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3671:
3661:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3612:of the Athenian
3611:
3605:
3596:
3587:
3574:. Especially in
3567:
3553:
3547:
3527:
3486:
3456:
3451:. The Parthenon
3428:
3422:
3377:Apollo Barberini
3348:Athena Parthenos
3306:
3276:
3259:
3253:
3246:
3240:
3225:
3220:Cult statue and
3202:Athena Parthenos
3175:
3163:
3144:
3124:
3106:
3104:columnae celetae
3080:
3064:
3045:
3033:
3011:
2993:
2939:
2919:
2896:
2871:between her and
2807:
2804:
2709:
2689:Parthenon Frieze
2684:
2660:
2638:Temple of Aphaea
2633:
2619:
2559:
2547:
2519:
2503:Metope from the
2500:
2380:
2364:
2352:
2337:
2323:
2301:
2295:
2275:
2268:
2258:
2252:
2198:. The Temple of
2197:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2116:
2110:
2100:
2097:
2092:Classical period
2076:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2035:
2020:
2014:
1943:
1923:
1911:
1884:
1851:
1771:
1760:Corinthian order
1757:
1739:
1666:Illustration of
1654:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1612:Foundations and
1550:
1491:
1490:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1433:
1421:
1412:
1398:
1390:pseudoperipteros
1355:
1349:
1339:
1333:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1284:distyle in antis
1267:
1261:
1255:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1223:templum in antis
1209:distyle in antis
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1149:
1142:
1132:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1094:
1087:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
990:
984:
978:
965:
953:
948:In front of the
944:
938:
921:
895:
886:
808:Christian church
714:Mithridatic Wars
679:pseudoperipteros
526:
436:
427:
410:
331:
232:Corinthian order
168:Temple of Aphaia
106:
92:
90:
80:
78:
21:
15842:
15841:
15837:
15836:
15835:
15833:
15832:
15831:
15807:
15806:
15805:
15796:
15762:
15752:
15673:Bowl of Hygieia
15661:
15617:Shirt of Nessus
15602:Phaeacian ships
15454:
15403:
15379:Eros and Psyche
15353:
15251:
15245:
15141:
15077:Crommyonian Sow
15052:Calydonian boar
15042:
15040:
15034:
14915:
14909:
14866:
14815:
14788:
14782:
14761:Symbols/objects
14756:
14703:
14631:
14610:
14584:
14575:Mourning Fields
14539:
14523:
14489:
14466:
14433:
14407:
14363:
14348:
14228:Lycian peasants
14117:Creon of Thebes
14064:
14058:
13839:
13827:
13796:
13596:Ajax the Lesser
13550:
13539:
13441:
13410:
13384:
13353:
13317:
13227:
13165:
13121:
12961:
12931:
12922:Hymen/Hymenaeus
12876:
12778:
12696:
12670:
12594:
12514:
12424:
12416:
12394:
12332:
12306:
12280:
12249:
12213:
12142:
12073:
12045:
12002:
11972:
11730:
11717:
11660:
11581:
11575:
11512:Archon basileus
11499:
11493:
11482:Votive offering
11376:Funeral oration
11338:
11321:
11288:
11249:Delos Mysteries
11235:
11228:
11111:
11080:
11049:Minoan religion
11024:
10998:Sibylline Books
10936:Derveni papyrus
10881:
10840:
10766:
10756:
10578:
10564:
10555:
10525:
10520:
10478:
10433:
10410:
10273:
10267:
10150:
10141:
10133:
10104:Melaina Korkyra
10060:
9982:
9939:
9892:Aeolian Islands
9882:
9744:
9602:
9583:
9582:
9556:
9513:
9424:
9366:
9317:
9271:
9222:
9144:
9135:Wedding customs
9017:
9016:
8985:
8976:Thracian Greeks
8959:
8950:Olympic victors
8928:
8770:
8657:
8601:
8592:Kings of Sparta
8577:Kings of Pontus
8547:Kings of Athens
8523:
8510:
8489:
8385:Army of Macedon
8345:
8322:
8294:
8251:
8199:
8172:(370–c. 230 BC)
8170:Arcadian League
8154:(c. 400–188 BC)
8152:Aetolian League
8146:Boeotian League
8128:Hellenic League
8115:
8102:
8092:(c. 650–404 BC)
8083:
8077:Italiote League
8070:
8066:
8060:Doric Hexapolis
8050:
8041:
8037:Seleucid Empire
7980:
7873:
7872:
7836:
7743:
7719:Greek Dark Ages
7688:
7687:
7664:
7651:
7646:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7580:
7579:
7575:
7568:
7501:Knell, Heiner:
7473:Fuchs, Werner:
7446:
7394:Mikalson, Jon.
7365:
7360:
7351:
7347:
7330:
7326:
7308:Wolfram Höpfner
7305:
7301:
7284:
7280:
7267:
7263:
7254:
7250:
7241:
7237:
7220:
7216:
7207:
7203:
7194:
7190:
7183:
7179:
7174:
7170:
7163:
7159:
7146:
7142:
7133:
7129:
7120:
7116:
7110:Wayback Machine
7096:
7092:
7086:Wayback Machine
7072:
7068:
7050:
7046:
7037:
7033:
7027:Wayback Machine
7013:
7009:
6996:
6992:
6979:
6975:
6966:
6962:
6949:
6945:
6932:
6928:
6919:
6915:
6902:
6898:
6889:
6885:
6876:
6872:
6856:Luca Giuliani:
6855:
6851:
6842:
6838:
6829:
6825:
6816:
6812:
6803:
6799:
6790:
6786:
6777:
6773:
6764:
6760:
6751:
6747:
6738:
6734:
6725:
6721:
6712:
6708:
6699:
6695:
6682:
6678:
6669:
6662:
6649:
6645:
6628:
6624:
6615:
6611:
6600:
6598:Die Inschriften
6595:
6591:
6578:
6574:
6561:
6557:
6536:
6532:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6511:
6502:
6498:
6485:
6481:
6468:
6464:
6451:
6447:
6441:Wayback Machine
6420:
6416:
6399:
6395:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6366:
6357:
6353:
6338:
6334:
6323:
6319:
6308:
6304:
6293:
6289:
6278:
6274:
6263:
6259:
6248:
6244:
6233:
6229:
6213:
6212:
6204:
6200:
6182:
6178:
6167:
6163:
6147:
6146:
6138:
6134:
6123:
6119:
6108:
6104:
6088:
6087:
6079:
6075:
6064:
6060:
6045:
6041:
6025:
6024:
6016:
6012:
5996:
5995:
5987:
5983:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5947:
5943:Mueller, Cain.
5941:
5937:
5921:
5917:
5903:
5886:
5882:
5877:
5873:
5862:
5855:
5832:(11 May 1893).
5827:
5823:
5819:
5752:
5645:
5639:
5632:
5625:Pandyan Kingdom
5622:
5613:
5590:
5573:
5542:
5510:
5478:
5473:
5433:
5412:
5336:
5330:
5304:
5276:
5240:
5190:consisted of a
5107:
5018:
4971:
4933:Columna caelata
4868:
4856:
4812:
4807:
4757:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4717:
4706:
4697:
4690:
4510:
4439:
4280:, its external
4250:
4225:
4211:
4142:
4116:
4075:
4055:
4003:
3993:
3988:
3889:
3879:
3870:
3802:
3781:Classical order
3777:
3753:
3744:
3687:
3682:
3648:
3598:
3498:
3389:
3227:
3217:
3193:
3186:
3176:
3167:
3164:
3155:
3145:
3136:
3125:
3099:
3092:
3081:
3072:
3065:
3056:
3055:(New York City)
3046:
3037:
3034:
2960:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2931:
2928:Nicholas Revett
2920:
2911:
2897:
2805:
2738:
2730:Main articles:
2728:
2721:
2710:
2701:
2685:
2676:
2661:
2652:
2644:(Greece), with
2634:
2584:
2578:
2571:
2560:
2551:
2548:
2539:
2520:
2511:
2501:
2437:
2431:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2372:
2365:
2356:
2353:
2344:
2340:Original Doric
2338:
2288:
2283:
2212:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2098:
2087:
2038:
2033:Naos-peristasis
1978:
1973:
1960:
1886:
1792:
1685:
1670:(first three),
1619:
1584:
1482:
1401:engaged columns
1281:with a similar
1192:
1185:
1160:
1151:
1143:
1134:
1126:
1117:
1104:
1095:
1088:
1037:
946:
888:
879:
863:
817:
710:
684:engaged columns
652:Northern Africa
599:From the early
582:
503:Greek antiquity
499:
387:
323:
303:
141:Graeco-Parthian
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15840:
15830:
15829:
15824:
15819:
15802:
15801:
15798:
15797:
15795:
15794:
15789:
15784:
15783:
15782:
15777:
15766:
15764:
15758:
15757:
15754:
15753:
15751:
15750:
15749:
15748:
15743:
15738:
15733:
15725:
15720:
15715:
15710:
15705:
15700:
15695:
15690:
15685:
15680:
15675:
15669:
15667:
15663:
15662:
15660:
15659:
15654:
15649:
15644:
15639:
15634:
15629:
15624:
15619:
15614:
15609:
15604:
15599:
15589:
15584:
15579:
15574:
15569:
15564:
15559:
15554:
15549:
15544:
15539:
15534:
15529:
15524:
15519:
15514:
15509:
15504:
15499:
15497:Dragon's teeth
15494:
15487:
15482:
15477:
15472:
15466:
15464:
15460:
15459:
15456:
15455:
15453:
15452:
15447:
15442:
15437:
15432:
15427:
15422:
15417:
15411:
15409:
15405:
15404:
15402:
15401:
15396:
15391:
15386:
15381:
15376:
15371:
15365:
15359:
15355:
15354:
15352:
15351:
15346:
15341:
15336:
15331:
15326:
15321:
15316:
15311:
15306:
15301:
15296:
15291:
15286:
15281:
15276:
15271:
15266:
15261:
15255:
15253:
15247:
15246:
15244:
15243:
15238:
15233:
15228:
15223:
15218:
15213:
15211:Laestrygonians
15208:
15203:
15198:
15193:
15188:
15183:
15178:
15173:
15168:
15163:
15157:
15155:
15151:
15150:
15147:
15146:
15143:
15142:
15140:
15139:
15137:Teumessian fox
15134:
15129:
15124:
15119:
15114:
15109:
15104:
15099:
15094:
15092:Lernaean Hydra
15089:
15084:
15079:
15074:
15069:
15064:
15059:
15054:
15048:
15046:
15036:
15035:
15033:
15032:
15027:
15022:
15013:
15008:
15003:
14998:
14993:
14988:
14983:
14978:
14973:
14968:
14963:
14958:
14957:
14956:
14946:
14941:
14940:
14939:
14937:Ichthyocentaur
14934:
14923:
14917:
14911:
14910:
14908:
14907:
14902:
14897:
14896:
14895:
14890:
14885:
14874:
14872:
14868:
14867:
14865:
14864:
14863:
14862:
14857:
14847:
14841:
14839:
14832:
14825:
14821:
14820:
14817:
14816:
14814:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14798:
14792:
14790:
14784:
14783:
14781:
14780:
14775:
14770:
14764:
14762:
14758:
14757:
14755:
14754:
14749:
14744:
14739:
14734:
14729:
14724:
14719:
14713:
14711:
14705:
14704:
14702:
14701:
14696:
14691:
14686:
14681:
14676:
14670:
14665:
14660:
14655:
14650:
14645:
14639:
14637:
14633:
14632:
14630:
14629:
14624:
14618:
14616:
14612:
14611:
14609:
14608:
14603:
14598:
14592:
14590:
14586:
14585:
14583:
14582:
14577:
14572:
14567:
14562:
14557:
14551:
14549:
14545:
14544:
14541:
14540:
14538:
14537:
14531:
14529:
14525:
14524:
14522:
14521:
14516:
14512:Ploutonion at
14510:
14506:Ploutonion at
14503:
14501:
14495:
14494:
14491:
14490:
14488:
14487:
14481:
14474:
14472:
14468:
14467:
14465:
14464:
14458:
14452:
14445:
14439:
14435:
14434:
14432:
14431:
14426:
14421:
14415:
14413:
14409:
14408:
14406:
14405:
14400:
14395:
14390:
14385:
14380:
14374:
14372:
14365:
14364:the underworld
14356:
14350:
14349:
14347:
14346:
14341:
14336:
14331:
14326:
14321:
14316:
14311:
14306:
14301:
14296:
14291:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14266:
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14235:
14230:
14225:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14205:
14200:
14195:
14190:
14184:
14179:
14174:
14169:
14164:
14159:
14154:
14149:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14124:
14119:
14114:
14109:
14104:
14099:
14094:
14089:
14084:
14079:
14074:
14068:
14066:
14060:
14059:
14057:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14036:
14035:
14034:
14029:
14024:
14019:
14014:
14009:
14004:
13999:
13994:
13984:
13979:
13974:
13969:
13964:
13959:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13929:
13924:
13919:
13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13874:
13869:
13864:
13859:
13854:
13849:
13843:
13841:
13833:
13832:
13829:
13828:
13826:
13825:
13820:
13815:
13810:
13804:
13802:
13798:
13797:
13795:
13794:
13789:
13784:
13779:
13774:
13769:
13764:
13759:
13754:
13749:
13744:
13739:
13734:
13729:
13724:
13719:
13714:
13709:
13704:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13679:
13674:
13669:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13643:
13638:
13633:
13628:
13623:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13598:
13593:
13591:Ajax the Great
13588:
13583:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13562:
13560:
13553:
13545:
13544:
13541:
13540:
13538:
13537:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13511:
13506:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13478:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13462:
13451:
13449:
13443:
13442:
13440:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13418:
13416:
13412:
13411:
13409:
13408:
13403:
13398:
13392:
13390:
13386:
13385:
13383:
13382:
13377:
13372:
13367:
13361:
13359:
13355:
13354:
13352:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13331:
13325:
13323:
13319:
13318:
13316:
13315:
13310:
13305:
13300:
13295:
13290:
13285:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13255:
13250:
13245:
13239:
13237:
13236:Health deities
13233:
13232:
13229:
13228:
13226:
13225:
13220:
13215:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13181:
13176:
13170:
13167:
13166:
13164:
13163:
13158:
13157:
13156:
13146:
13140:
13138:
13129:
13123:
13122:
13120:
13119:
13114:
13109:
13104:
13099:
13094:
13089:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13059:
13054:
13049:
13044:
13039:
13037:Gynaecothoenas
13034:
13029:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12973:
12971:
12967:
12966:
12963:
12962:
12960:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12948:
12947:
12936:
12933:
12932:
12930:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12912:Hermaphroditus
12909:
12904:
12899:
12893:
12891:
12882:
12878:
12877:
12875:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12849:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12814:
12809:
12804:
12799:
12794:
12788:
12786:
12780:
12779:
12777:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12710:
12708:
12702:
12701:
12698:
12697:
12695:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12678:
12676:
12672:
12671:
12669:
12668:
12663:
12658:
12653:
12648:
12643:
12638:
12633:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12602:
12600:
12596:
12595:
12593:
12592:
12587:
12582:
12577:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12557:
12552:
12547:
12542:
12537:
12531:
12529:
12522:
12516:
12515:
12513:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12497:
12492:
12487:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12441:
12439:
12430:
12418:
12417:
12404:
12403:
12400:
12399:
12396:
12395:
12393:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12367:
12362:
12361:
12360:
12353:
12340:
12338:
12334:
12333:
12331:
12330:
12328:Pierian Spring
12325:
12320:
12314:
12312:
12308:
12307:
12305:
12304:
12299:
12294:
12288:
12286:
12282:
12281:
12279:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12257:
12255:
12251:
12250:
12248:
12247:
12242:
12237:
12232:
12227:
12221:
12219:
12215:
12214:
12212:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12150:
12148:
12144:
12143:
12141:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12079:
12077:
12063:
12059:
12058:
12055:
12054:
12051:
12050:
12047:
12046:
12044:
12043:
12038:
12036:Isthmian Games
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12012:
12010:
12004:
12003:
12001:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11984:
11978:
11974:
11973:
11971:
11970:
11965:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11935:
11930:
11925:
11920:
11915:
11910:
11905:
11900:
11895:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11790:
11785:
11780:
11775:
11770:
11765:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11745:
11740:
11734:
11732:
11723:
11719:
11718:
11716:
11715:
11710:
11705:
11704:
11703:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11670:
11668:
11662:
11661:
11659:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11607:
11606:
11601:
11591:
11585:
11583:
11577:
11576:
11574:
11573:
11568:
11567:
11566:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11540:
11539:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11503:
11501:
11495:
11494:
11492:
11491:
11486:
11485:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11468:
11467:
11462:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11396:
11395:
11385:
11380:
11379:
11378:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11351:Astragalomancy
11348:
11342:
11340:
11331:
11327:
11326:
11323:
11322:
11320:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11298:
11296:
11290:
11289:
11287:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11240:
11238:
11230:
11229:
11227:
11226:
11225:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11217:
11210:Roman religion
11207:
11205:Greco-Buddhism
11202:
11197:
11196:
11195:
11193:Ptolemaic cult
11179:
11178:
11177:
11167:
11166:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11139:
11138:
11137:
11132:
11121:
11119:
11113:
11112:
11110:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11088:
11086:
11082:
11081:
11079:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11062:
11061:
11051:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11034:
11030:
11029:
11026:
11025:
11023:
11022:
11019:Works and Days
11015:
11008:
11001:
10994:
10989:
10982:
10977:
10970:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10945:
10938:
10933:
10931:Delphic maxims
10928:
10921:
10914:
10907:
10900:
10895:
10893:Aesop's Fables
10889:
10887:
10883:
10882:
10880:
10879:
10872:
10865:
10858:
10850:
10848:
10842:
10841:
10839:
10838:
10831:
10824:
10817:
10810:
10803:
10796:
10789:
10781:
10779:
10770:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10712:Paradoxography
10709:
10704:
10702:Metempsychosis
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10603:
10602:
10597:
10586:
10584:
10580:
10579:
10566:
10565:
10554:
10553:
10546:
10539:
10531:
10522:
10521:
10519:
10518:
10508:
10498:
10487:
10484:
10483:
10480:
10479:
10477:
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10450:
10449:
10438:
10435:
10434:
10424:
10423:
10420:
10419:
10416:
10415:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10277:
10275:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10154:
10152:
10143:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10070:
10068:
10062:
10061:
10059:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9992:
9990:
9984:
9983:
9981:
9980:
9975:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9949:
9947:
9941:
9940:
9938:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9896:
9894:
9888:
9887:
9884:
9883:
9881:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9838:Megara Hyblaea
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9818:Hybla Gereatis
9815:
9810:
9808:Heraclea Minoa
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9754:
9752:
9746:
9745:
9743:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9606:
9604:
9595:
9585:
9584:
9581:
9580:
9574:
9566:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9558:
9557:
9555:
9554:
9552:Attic numerals
9549:
9547:Greek numerals
9544:
9542:Greek alphabet
9539:
9534:
9529:
9523:
9521:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9511:
9506:
9505:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9438:
9436:
9430:
9429:
9426:
9425:
9423:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9376:
9374:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9333:
9327:
9323:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9279:
9277:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9242:
9236:
9230:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9199:
9198:
9196:Musical system
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9167:
9166:
9155:
9153:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9031:
9029:
9019:
9018:
9015:
9014:
9009:
9003:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8990:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8967:
8965:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8780:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8667:
8665:
8659:
8658:
8656:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8628:Mathematicians
8625:
8620:
8615:
8609:
8607:
8603:
8602:
8600:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8537:Kings of Argos
8533:
8531:
8525:
8524:
8512:
8511:
8499:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8395:Cretan archers
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8376:
8375:
8365:
8359:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8343:
8338:
8332:
8330:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8304:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8261:
8259:
8253:
8252:
8250:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8213:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8197:
8194:Achaean League
8191:
8188:Euboean League
8185:
8179:
8176:Epirote League
8173:
8167:
8161:
8155:
8149:
8143:
8137:
8131:
8125:
8124:(c. 500–31 BC)
8119:
8106:
8093:
8087:
8074:
8056:
8054:
8052:Confederations
8043:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7988:
7986:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7978:
7976:Lissus (Crete)
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7887:
7885:
7875:
7874:
7871:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7854:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7838:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7753:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7724:Archaic Greece
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7700:
7698:
7690:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7680:
7674:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7649:Ancient Greece
7645:
7644:
7637:
7630:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7609:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7582:
7581:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7566:External links
7564:
7563:
7562:
7550:Schenk, Ralf:
7548:
7534:
7527:
7515:Lauter, Hans:
7513:
7499:
7485:
7471:
7456:
7455:
7451:
7450:
7444:
7431:
7428:Tyler Jo Smith
7420:
7413:
7406:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7378:
7373:Jenkins, Ian.
7370:
7369:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7345:
7331:P. Schazmann:
7324:
7299:
7278:
7261:
7248:
7235:
7214:
7201:
7188:
7177:
7175:Rowland, p.492
7168:
7157:
7140:
7127:
7114:
7090:
7066:
7044:
7031:
7007:
6990:
6973:
6960:
6950:Anton Bammer:
6943:
6926:
6913:
6896:
6883:
6870:
6849:
6836:
6823:
6810:
6797:
6784:
6771:
6758:
6745:
6732:
6719:
6706:
6693:
6676:
6660:
6643:
6622:
6609:
6596:Albert Rehm: "
6589:
6572:
6555:
6530:
6521:
6509:
6496:
6479:
6462:
6445:
6414:
6393:
6351:
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6317:
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6287:
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6132:
6117:
6102:
6073:
6058:
6039:
6010:
5981:
5967:
5935:
5915:
5901:
5880:
5878:Miles, 219–220
5871:
5853:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5751:
5748:
5701:British Museum
5641:Main article:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5623:
5616:
5614:
5591:
5584:
5572:
5569:
5541:
5538:
5524:Rugged Cilicia
5509:
5506:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5461:Ptolemaios III
5432:
5429:
5411:
5408:
5332:Main article:
5329:
5326:
5303:
5300:
5275:
5272:
5239:
5236:
5168:pseudodipteros
5142:pseudodipteroi
5139:. other early
5136:pseudodipteroi
5123:Pergamonmuseum
5106:
5103:
5017:
5014:
4970:
4967:
4867:
4864:
4855:
4854:Cycladic Ionic
4852:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4756:
4753:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4718:
4707:
4700:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4556:pseudodipteroi
4509:
4506:
4438:
4435:
4393:figural frieze
4249:
4246:
4210:
4207:
4170:Temple of Zeus
4150:Temple of Zeus
4141:
4138:
4124:Greater Greece
4115:
4112:
4074:
4071:
4059:Artemis Temple
4054:
4051:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3878:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3830:Southern Italy
3801:
3798:
3776:
3773:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3647:
3640:
3597:
3590:
3508:Epikourios at
3497:
3494:
3388:
3385:
3381:Piraeus Athena
3226:
3218:
3213:Main article:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3158:
3156:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3126:
3119:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3089:Pushkin Museum
3082:
3075:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3057:
3047:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3028:
3018:Temple of Zeus
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2932:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2905:Temple of Zeus
2898:
2891:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2718:British Museum
2711:
2704:
2702:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2662:
2655:
2653:
2635:
2628:
2580:Main article:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2542:
2540:
2536:British Museum
2521:
2514:
2512:
2505:Temple of Zeus
2502:
2495:
2453:Twelve Labours
2445:Temple of Zeus
2433:Main article:
2430:
2427:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2211:
2208:
2186:
2185:
2172:
2169:
2156:
2153:
2130:
2129:Column spacing
2127:
2086:
2083:
2079:Greater Greece
2037:
2029:
1982:football pitch
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1959:
1956:
1885:
1877:
1802:and the Doric
1791:
1788:
1707:hypotrachelion
1684:
1681:
1618:
1610:
1583:
1580:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1495:technical term
1481:
1478:
1431:pseudodipteros
1359:amphiprostylos
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1036:
1029:
991:is called the
945:
932:
887:
880:
878:
875:
862:
859:
819:The edicts of
816:
813:
709:
706:
609:Greek colonies
581:
578:
498:
495:
481:The Temple of
386:
383:
322:
319:
302:
299:
133:Southwest Asia
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15839:
15828:
15825:
15823:
15820:
15818:
15817:Greek temples
15815:
15814:
15812:
15793:
15790:
15788:
15785:
15781:
15778:
15776:
15773:
15772:
15771:
15768:
15767:
15765:
15759:
15747:
15744:
15742:
15739:
15737:
15734:
15732:
15729:
15728:
15726:
15724:
15721:
15719:
15716:
15714:
15713:Owl of Athena
15711:
15709:
15706:
15704:
15701:
15699:
15696:
15694:
15691:
15689:
15686:
15684:
15681:
15679:
15676:
15674:
15671:
15670:
15668:
15664:
15658:
15657:Wheel of fire
15655:
15653:
15652:Winnowing Oar
15650:
15648:
15645:
15643:
15640:
15638:
15635:
15633:
15630:
15628:
15625:
15623:
15620:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15610:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15597:
15596:Winged helmet
15593:
15590:
15588:
15587:Pandora's box
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15573:
15570:
15568:
15565:
15563:
15560:
15558:
15555:
15553:
15550:
15548:
15545:
15543:
15540:
15538:
15535:
15533:
15530:
15528:
15527:Golden Fleece
15525:
15523:
15520:
15518:
15515:
15513:
15510:
15508:
15505:
15503:
15500:
15498:
15495:
15493:
15492:
15488:
15486:
15483:
15481:
15478:
15476:
15473:
15471:
15468:
15467:
15465:
15461:
15451:
15448:
15446:
15443:
15441:
15438:
15436:
15433:
15431:
15428:
15426:
15425:Centauromachy
15423:
15421:
15418:
15416:
15413:
15412:
15410:
15406:
15400:
15397:
15395:
15392:
15390:
15387:
15385:
15382:
15380:
15377:
15375:
15372:
15370:
15367:
15366:
15363:
15360:
15356:
15350:
15347:
15345:
15342:
15340:
15337:
15335:
15332:
15330:
15327:
15325:
15322:
15320:
15317:
15315:
15312:
15310:
15307:
15305:
15302:
15300:
15297:
15295:
15292:
15290:
15287:
15285:
15282:
15280:
15277:
15275:
15272:
15270:
15267:
15265:
15262:
15260:
15257:
15256:
15254:
15248:
15242:
15239:
15237:
15234:
15232:
15229:
15227:
15224:
15222:
15219:
15217:
15214:
15212:
15209:
15207:
15204:
15202:
15199:
15197:
15194:
15192:
15189:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:
15177:
15174:
15172:
15171:Anthropophagi
15169:
15167:
15164:
15162:
15159:
15158:
15156:
15152:
15138:
15135:
15133:
15130:
15128:
15125:
15123:
15120:
15118:
15115:
15113:
15110:
15108:
15105:
15103:
15100:
15098:
15095:
15093:
15090:
15088:
15085:
15083:
15080:
15078:
15075:
15073:
15070:
15068:
15065:
15063:
15062:Cerynian Hind
15060:
15058:
15055:
15053:
15050:
15049:
15047:
15045:
15037:
15031:
15028:
15026:
15023:
15021:
15017:
15014:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14981:Hecatonchires
14979:
14977:
14974:
14972:
14969:
14967:
14964:
14962:
14959:
14955:
14952:
14951:
14950:
14947:
14945:
14942:
14938:
14935:
14933:
14930:
14929:
14928:
14925:
14924:
14921:
14918:
14912:
14906:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14894:
14891:
14889:
14886:
14884:
14881:
14880:
14879:
14876:
14875:
14873:
14871:Minor spirits
14869:
14861:
14858:
14856:
14855:Minor figures
14853:
14852:
14851:
14848:
14846:
14843:
14842:
14840:
14836:
14833:
14829:
14826:
14822:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14793:
14791:
14785:
14779:
14778:Charon's obol
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14765:
14763:
14759:
14753:
14750:
14748:
14745:
14743:
14740:
14738:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14728:
14725:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14714:
14712:
14710:
14706:
14700:
14697:
14695:
14692:
14690:
14687:
14685:
14682:
14680:
14677:
14675:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14640:
14638:
14634:
14628:
14625:
14623:
14620:
14619:
14617:
14613:
14607:
14604:
14602:
14599:
14597:
14594:
14593:
14591:
14587:
14581:
14578:
14576:
14573:
14571:
14568:
14566:
14563:
14561:
14558:
14556:
14553:
14552:
14550:
14546:
14536:
14533:
14532:
14530:
14526:
14520:
14517:
14515:
14511:
14509:
14505:
14504:
14502:
14500:
14496:
14486:
14483:Charonium at
14482:
14480:
14477:Charonium at
14476:
14475:
14473:
14469:
14463:
14459:
14457:
14453:
14451:
14447:
14446:
14443:
14440:
14436:
14430:
14427:
14425:
14422:
14420:
14417:
14416:
14414:
14410:
14404:
14401:
14399:
14396:
14394:
14391:
14389:
14386:
14384:
14381:
14379:
14376:
14375:
14373:
14369:
14366:
14362:Entrances to
14360:
14357:
14355:
14351:
14345:
14342:
14340:
14337:
14335:
14332:
14330:
14327:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
14240:
14236:
14234:
14231:
14229:
14226:
14224:
14221:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14211:
14209:
14206:
14204:
14201:
14199:
14196:
14194:
14191:
14189:
14185:
14183:
14180:
14178:
14177:Helen of Troy
14175:
14173:
14170:
14168:
14165:
14163:
14160:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14150:
14148:
14145:
14143:
14140:
14138:
14135:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14110:
14108:
14105:
14103:
14100:
14098:
14095:
14093:
14090:
14088:
14085:
14083:
14080:
14078:
14075:
14073:
14070:
14069:
14067:
14061:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14033:
14030:
14028:
14025:
14023:
14020:
14018:
14015:
14013:
14012:Hellespontine
14010:
14008:
14005:
14003:
14000:
13998:
13995:
13993:
13990:
13989:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13980:
13978:
13975:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13953:
13950:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13918:
13915:
13913:
13910:
13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13860:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13850:
13848:
13845:
13844:
13842:
13838:
13834:
13824:
13821:
13819:
13816:
13814:
13811:
13809:
13806:
13805:
13803:
13799:
13793:
13790:
13788:
13785:
13783:
13780:
13778:
13775:
13773:
13770:
13768:
13765:
13763:
13760:
13758:
13755:
13753:
13750:
13748:
13745:
13743:
13740:
13738:
13735:
13733:
13730:
13728:
13725:
13723:
13720:
13718:
13715:
13713:
13710:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13673:
13670:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13654:
13652:
13649:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13634:
13632:
13629:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13597:
13594:
13592:
13589:
13587:
13584:
13582:
13579:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13563:
13561:
13557:
13554:
13552:
13546:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13504:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13457:
13456:
13453:
13452:
13450:
13448:
13444:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13419:
13417:
13415:Magic deities
13413:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13393:
13391:
13387:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13366:
13363:
13362:
13360:
13356:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13337:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13326:
13324:
13322:Sleep deities
13320:
13314:
13311:
13309:
13306:
13304:
13301:
13299:
13296:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13254:
13251:
13249:
13246:
13244:
13241:
13240:
13238:
13234:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13185:
13182:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13172:
13171:
13168:
13162:
13159:
13155:
13152:
13151:
13150:
13147:
13145:
13142:
13141:
13139:
13137:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13124:
13118:
13115:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13100:
13098:
13095:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13085:
13083:
13080:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13063:
13060:
13058:
13055:
13053:
13050:
13048:
13045:
13043:
13040:
13038:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12974:
12972:
12968:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12946:
12943:
12942:
12941:
12938:
12937:
12934:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12894:
12892:
12890:
12886:
12883:
12879:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12845:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12813:
12810:
12808:
12805:
12803:
12800:
12798:
12795:
12793:
12790:
12789:
12787:
12785:
12784:Water deities
12781:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12711:
12709:
12707:
12703:
12693:
12690:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12679:
12677:
12673:
12667:
12664:
12662:
12659:
12657:
12654:
12652:
12649:
12647:
12644:
12642:
12639:
12637:
12634:
12632:
12629:
12627:
12624:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12603:
12601:
12597:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12551:
12548:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12533:
12532:
12530:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12517:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12496:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12442:
12440:
12438:
12434:
12431:
12428:
12423:
12419:
12415:
12409:
12405:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12366:
12363:
12359:
12358:
12354:
12352:
12351:
12347:
12346:
12345:
12342:
12341:
12339:
12335:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12315:
12313:
12309:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12289:
12287:
12283:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12258:
12256:
12252:
12246:
12243:
12241:
12240:Mount Lykaion
12238:
12236:
12233:
12231:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12222:
12220:
12216:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12151:
12149:
12145:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12080:
12078:
12076:
12071:
12067:
12064:
12062:Sacred places
12060:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12026:Pythian Games
12024:
12022:
12021:Heraean Games
12019:
12017:
12016:Olympic Games
12014:
12013:
12011:
12009:
12005:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11985:
11982:
11979:
11975:
11969:
11966:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11934:
11931:
11929:
11926:
11924:
11921:
11919:
11916:
11914:
11911:
11909:
11906:
11904:
11901:
11899:
11896:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11776:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11735:
11733:
11727:
11724:
11720:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11706:
11702:
11701:
11697:
11696:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11671:
11669:
11667:
11663:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11596:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11586:
11584:
11578:
11572:
11569:
11565:
11562:
11561:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11538:
11537:Hierophylakes
11535:
11534:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11504:
11502:
11496:
11490:
11487:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11457:
11456:
11453:
11452:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11394:
11391:
11390:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11377:
11374:
11373:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11343:
11341:
11335:
11332:
11328:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11302:Discordianism
11300:
11299:
11297:
11295:
11291:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11241:
11239:
11237:
11231:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11215:Imperial cult
11213:
11212:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11194:
11191:
11190:
11189:
11186:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11176:
11173:
11172:
11171:
11168:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11148:Early alchemy
11146:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11127:
11126:
11123:
11122:
11120:
11118:
11114:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11089:
11087:
11083:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11060:
11057:
11056:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11044:
11042:
11038:
11035:
11031:
11021:
11020:
11016:
11014:
11013:
11009:
11007:
11006:
11002:
11000:
10999:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10987:
10986:Oneirocritica
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10975:
10971:
10969:
10968:
10967:Homeric Hymns
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10951:of Pythagoras
10950:
10949:Golden Verses
10946:
10944:
10943:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10926:
10922:
10920:
10919:
10915:
10913:
10912:
10908:
10906:
10905:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10890:
10888:
10884:
10878:
10877:
10873:
10871:
10870:
10866:
10864:
10863:
10859:
10857:
10856:
10852:
10851:
10849:
10847:
10843:
10837:
10836:
10832:
10830:
10829:
10825:
10823:
10822:
10818:
10816:
10815:
10811:
10809:
10808:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10797:
10795:
10794:
10790:
10788:
10787:
10783:
10782:
10780:
10778:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10697:Metamorphosis
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10585:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10567:
10563:
10559:
10552:
10547:
10545:
10540:
10538:
10533:
10532:
10529:
10517:
10509:
10507:
10503:
10499:
10497:
10489:
10488:
10485:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10448:
10445:
10444:
10443:
10440:
10439:
10436:
10429:
10425:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10278:
10276:
10270:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10155:
10153:
10147:
10144:
10140:
10136:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10067:
10063:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10016:Hemeroscopion
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9989:
9985:
9979:
9976:
9973:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9950:
9948:
9946:
9942:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9897:
9895:
9893:
9889:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9755:
9753:
9751:
9747:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9593:Magna Graecia
9590:
9586:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9571:
9567:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9524:
9522:
9520:
9516:
9510:
9507:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9467:Arcadocypriot
9465:
9463:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9431:
9421:
9420:Zeus, Olympia
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9405:Hera, Olympia
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9377:
9375:
9373:
9369:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9334:
9331:
9328:
9324:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9308:Mount Olympus
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9276:Sacred places
9274:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9251:
9248:
9247:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9237:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9225:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9165:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9147:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9100:Olympic Games
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9090:Homosexuality
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9028:
9024:
9020:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9000:
8996:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8968:
8966:
8962:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8931:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8777:
8773:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8664:
8660:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8604:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8504:
8500:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8460:Seleucid army
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8374:
8371:
8370:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8356:
8352:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8329:
8325:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8305:
8303:
8301:
8297:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8254:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8202:
8195:
8192:
8189:
8186:
8183:
8180:
8177:
8174:
8171:
8168:
8165:
8162:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8147:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8134:Delian League
8132:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8120:
8110:
8107:
8097:
8094:
8091:
8090:Ionian League
8088:
8078:
8075:
8071: 560 BC
8061:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8053:
8048:
8044:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7880:
7876:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7812:Magna Graecia
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7750:
7746:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7661:
7658:
7657:
7654:
7650:
7643:
7638:
7636:
7631:
7629:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7547:
7546:3-406-32993-4
7543:
7539:
7535:
7532:
7528:
7526:
7525:3-534-09401-8
7522:
7518:
7514:
7512:
7511:3-534-80028-1
7508:
7504:
7500:
7498:
7497:3-7774-8460-1
7494:
7490:
7486:
7484:
7483:3-7774-3460-4
7480:
7476:
7472:
7470:
7469:3-7001-2937-8
7466:
7462:
7458:
7457:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7445:9781009260107
7441:
7437:
7432:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7418:
7414:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7400:
7397:
7393:
7390:
7386:
7383:
7379:
7376:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7355:
7349:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7333:Das Gymnasium
7328:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7312:Gunnar Brands
7309:
7303:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7275:
7271:
7265:
7258:
7255:Ralf Schenk:
7252:
7245:
7239:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7218:
7211:
7205:
7198:
7195:Ralf Schenk:
7192:
7186:
7181:
7172:
7166:
7161:
7154:
7150:
7144:
7137:
7131:
7124:
7118:
7111:
7107:
7104:
7100:
7094:
7087:
7083:
7080:
7076:
7070:
7063:
7058:
7054:
7051:Carl Humann:
7048:
7041:
7035:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7017:
7011:
7004:
7000:
6994:
6987:
6983:
6977:
6970:
6967:Ulrike Muss:
6964:
6957:
6953:
6947:
6940:
6936:
6930:
6923:
6917:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6893:
6887:
6880:
6874:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6853:
6846:
6840:
6833:
6827:
6820:
6817:Hans Lauter:
6814:
6807:
6801:
6794:
6788:
6781:
6775:
6768:
6762:
6755:
6749:
6742:
6736:
6729:
6723:
6716:
6710:
6703:
6697:
6690:
6686:
6680:
6673:
6667:
6665:
6657:
6653:
6647:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6619:
6613:
6606:
6599:
6593:
6586:
6582:
6579:Hans Lauter:
6576:
6569:
6565:
6559:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6534:
6525:
6516:
6514:
6506:
6500:
6493:
6489:
6483:
6476:
6472:
6466:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6418:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6397:
6389:
6383:
6372:
6365:
6364:
6355:
6347:
6343:
6336:
6328:
6321:
6313:
6306:
6298:
6291:
6283:
6276:
6268:
6261:
6253:
6246:
6238:
6231:
6223:
6217:
6209:
6202:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6180:
6172:
6165:
6157:
6151:
6143:
6136:
6128:
6121:
6113:
6106:
6098:
6092:
6084:
6077:
6069:
6062:
6054:
6050:
6043:
6035:
6029:
6021:
6014:
6006:
6000:
5992:
5985:
5978:. U. Chicago.
5977:
5971:
5957:on 2017-09-18
5953:
5946:
5939:
5930:
5926:
5925:"Art History"
5919:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5902:9781134801671
5898:
5894:
5893:
5884:
5875:
5867:
5860:
5858:
5849:
5848:Penrose, F.C.
5845:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5821:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5771:Greek culture
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5736:Carthaginians
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5712:Magna Graecia
5709:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5697:Bassae Frieze
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5658:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5594:Maison Carrée
5588:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5537:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5521:
5518:was built in
5516:
5505:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5425:
5421:
5416:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5308:Magna Graecia
5302:Magna Graecia
5299:
5296:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5253:
5249:
5244:
5235:
5232:
5226:
5221:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5188:
5182:
5175:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5132:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5111:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5059:Athena Polias
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4980:
4975:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4948:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4863:
4861:
4851:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4821:
4818:, erected by
4817:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4749:
4744:
4738:Ionic temples
4731:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4505:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4375:centauromachy
4372:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4273:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4043:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4010:
3998:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3940:
3939:Magna Graecia
3935:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3884:
3874:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3800:Doric temples
3797:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3677:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3619:
3618:Delian League
3615:
3610:
3604:
3595:
3589:
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3581:
3577:
3576:Magna Graecia
3573:
3572:
3566:
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3552:
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3476:
3471:
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3446:
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3437:
3433:are from the
3432:
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3408:
3407:
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3398:
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3090:
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3083:Antefix with
3079:
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2895:
2890:
2889:
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2878:
2877:west pediment
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2861:east pediment
2858:
2854:
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2846:
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2838:
2834:
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2825:
2823:
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2818:Elgin Marbles
2815:
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2795:
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2774:
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2666:
2659:
2654:
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2639:
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2623:
2620:walls of the
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2597:
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2462:
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2451:depicted the
2450:
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2257:
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2239:
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2228:
2224:
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2207:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2173:
2170:
2157:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2093:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1968:
1966:
1965:Roman temples
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1917:
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1910:
1905:
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1895:
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1883:
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1859:
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1809:
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1801:
1797:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:Ionic columns
1738:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1702:Doric columns
1698:
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1242:
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1230:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1133:(exceptional)
1131:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1068:
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1061:
1055:
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1025:
1019:
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1007:
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995:
989:
983:
977:
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964:
959:
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952:
943:
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931:
929:
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920:
915:
914:
909:
905:
901:
900:
894:
885:
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868:
858:
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852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
834:
830:
826:
822:
809:
805:
801:
796:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:Roman deities
742:
741:imperial cult
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
705:
703:
699:
698:Maison Carrée
695:
691:
690:
685:
682:, which uses
681:
680:
675:
674:
669:
668:
663:
662:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:Magna Graecia
610:
606:
602:
595:
591:
586:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
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525:
520:
519:
514:
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492:
488:
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479:
475:
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467:
466:
461:
460:
455:
454:
448:
446:
445:
440:
435:
429:
426:
421:
416:
414:
413:half-timbered
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
382:
380:
376:
372:
367:
364:
360:
359:
354:
353:
347:
343:
342:
338:
333:
330:
315:
311:
307:
298:
296:
295:sacred groves
292:
288:
287:
282:
281:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:ancient Greek
197:
193:
188:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
101:
95:
89:
83:
74:
73:Ancient Greek
70:
69:Greek temples
64:
60:
57:porch of the
56:
51:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
15647:Trojan Horse
15557:Milk of Hera
15532:Gordian knot
15522:Golden apple
15489:
15430:Gigantomachy
15415:Amazonomachy
15221:Lotus-eaters
15087:Khalkotauroi
14883:Agathodaemon
14606:Rhadamanthus
14456:Lake Avernus
14450:Cape Matapan
14424:Avernus Lake
14412:Lakes/swamps
14132:Clytemnestra
14127:Chrysothemis
14049:Theoclymenus
12997:Androktasiai
12992:Amphillogiai
12881:Love deities
12355:
12348:
12271:Psychro Cave
12266:Caves of Pan
12069:
12031:Nemean Games
11968:Thesmophoria
11698:
11679:Curse tablet
11656:Thymiaterion
11626:Loutrophoros
11405:Hieros gamos
11163:Neoplatonism
11017:
11010:
11003:
10996:
10984:
10972:
10965:
10948:
10940:
10923:
10916:
10909:
10902:
10874:
10867:
10860:
10853:
10846:Theban Cycle
10833:
10826:
10819:
10814:Little Iliad
10812:
10805:
10798:
10791:
10784:
10692:Know thyself
10583:Main beliefs
10311:Dionysopolis
10281:Abonoteichos
10233:Pantikapaion
9823:Hybla Heraea
9371:
9256:
9159:Architecture
9115:Prostitution
8804:Aristophanes
8663:Philosophers
8633:Philosophers
8465:Spartan army
8196:(280–146 BC)
8184:(338–322 BC)
8178:(370–168 BC)
8166:(374–196 BC)
8160:(378–355 BC)
8142:(430–348 BC)
8136:(478–404 BC)
8130:(499–449 BC)
7817:Peloponnesus
7739:Roman Greece
7586:Online books
7576:
7551:
7537:
7530:
7516:
7502:
7488:
7474:
7460:
7435:
7426:, edited by
7423:
7416:
7409:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7374:
7363:Bibliography
7353:
7348:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7327:
7319:
7315:
7302:
7294:
7290:
7286:
7281:
7273:
7269:
7264:
7256:
7251:
7243:
7238:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7217:
7209:
7204:
7196:
7191:
7180:
7171:
7160:
7152:
7148:
7143:
7135:
7130:
7122:
7117:
7098:
7093:
7074:
7073:Hakan Mert:
7069:
7061:
7056:
7052:
7047:
7039:
7034:
7015:
7010:
7002:
6998:
6993:
6985:
6981:
6976:
6968:
6963:
6955:
6951:
6946:
6938:
6934:
6929:
6921:
6916:
6908:
6904:
6899:
6891:
6886:
6878:
6873:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6852:
6844:
6839:
6831:
6826:
6818:
6813:
6805:
6800:
6792:
6787:
6779:
6774:
6766:
6761:
6753:
6748:
6740:
6735:
6727:
6722:
6714:
6709:
6701:
6696:
6688:
6684:
6679:
6671:
6655:
6651:
6646:
6634:
6630:
6625:
6617:
6612:
6604:
6597:
6592:
6584:
6580:
6575:
6567:
6563:
6558:
6551:google books
6538:
6533:
6524:
6504:
6499:
6491:
6487:
6482:
6474:
6465:
6457:
6453:
6448:
6429:
6425:
6417:
6409:
6396:
6371:the original
6362:
6354:
6345:
6341:
6335:
6326:
6320:
6311:
6305:
6296:
6290:
6281:
6275:
6266:
6260:
6251:
6245:
6236:
6230:
6207:
6201:
6192:
6188:
6179:
6170:
6164:
6144:. Stuttgart.
6141:
6135:
6126:
6120:
6111:
6105:
6082:
6076:
6067:
6061:
6052:
6048:
6042:
6019:
6013:
5993:. Göttingen.
5990:
5984:
5970:
5959:. Retrieved
5952:the original
5938:
5929:the original
5918:
5891:
5883:
5874:
5865:
5843:
5837:
5824:
5806:Roman temple
5705:
5687:. The small
5678:
5662:
5609:
5606:Roman temple
5574:
5543:
5511:
5492:Antiochus IV
5479:
5434:
5394:
5389:opisthodomos
5366:survives at
5361:
5305:
5277:
5257:
5222:, the Ionic
5216:amazonomachy
5205:opisthodomos
5128:
5084:opisthodomos
5034:
4984:
4959:
4943:
4885:
4874:Plan of the
4857:
4813:
4785:opisthodomos
4758:
4713:
4653:
4646:
4609:
4580:
4562:opisthodomos
4529:
4511:
4491:
4486:opisthodomos
4466:opisthodomos
4440:
4413:temple. The
4383:gigantomachy
4379:amazonomachy
4332:
4331:, there are
4322:opisthodomos
4306:
4269:
4256:Plan of the
4242:Cape Sounion
4212:
4159:
4148:Ruin of the
4117:
4079:Peisistratid
4076:
4056:
4009:opisthodomos
3994:
3934:opisthodomos
3895:hekatompedos
3880:
3871:
3850:Hephaisteion
3823:
3778:
3754:
3745:
3742:Organization
3728:Antiochos IV
3712:
3695:Alcmaeonidae
3649:
3629:opisthodomoi
3609:opisthodomos
3603:opisthodomos
3599:
3594:Opisthodomos
3569:
3561:
3535:
3521:
3513:
3472:
3434:
3412:
3405:
3366:
3360:
3329:
3309:
3260:
3230:
3228:
3200:
3100:
2984:crowned the
2963:
2961:
2924:James Stuart
2841:chariot race
2826:
2796:
2758:
2698:
2692:
2687:Part of the
2600:Amazonomachy
2588:Gigantomachy
2585:
2485:gigantomachy
2438:
2392:
2309:
2303:
2289:
2260:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2213:
2187:
2132:
2088:
2039:
2036:relationship
2022:
2003:
1997:
1979:
1961:
1949:
1936:hipped roofs
1925:
1913:
1897:
1887:
1879:Cornice and
1865:
1853:
1841:
1819:
1793:
1746:egg-and-dart
1731:
1725:
1719:
1705:
1699:
1686:
1644:
1638:
1621:Stereobate,
1620:
1595:
1593:
1566:, Temple of
1557:
1548:dodekastylos
1544:
1483:
1463:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1423:
1415:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1327:
1296:opisthodomos
1278:opisthodomos
1276:
1271:
1245:
1219:
1207:
1164:Opisthodomos
1147:Opisthodomos
1070:
1064:
1054:opisthodomos
1038:
1024:opisthodomos
1000:opisthodomos
994:opisthodomos
992:
967:
955:
947:
942:opisthodomos
911:
897:
889:
864:
840:
825:Roman Empire
821:Theodosius I
818:
773:romanisation
734:
711:
688:
677:
671:
665:
659:
656:
637:
598:
559:
547:Greek colony
540:
516:
507:
500:
471:opisthodomos
469:
463:
457:
451:
449:
443:
430:
425:hekatompedoi
417:
388:
368:
357:
350:
339:
334:
324:
284:
278:
276:
268:Roman temple
236:
201:
166:temple, the
137:North Africa
131:kingdoms of
68:
67:
18:Greek temple
15632:Thunderbolt
15445:Titanomachy
15329:Symplegades
15112:Nemean lion
15072:Cretan Bull
15041:/ slain by
14986:Hippocampus
14932:Centaurides
14801:Ceuthonymus
14789:and spirits
14269:Neoptolemus
14188:Heracleidae
13977:Polypheides
13927:Halitherses
13862:Amphilochus
13792:Triptolemus
13777:Penthesilea
13631:Bellerophon
13559:Individuals
13313:Telesphorus
13136:Psychopomps
12970:War deities
12427:Family tree
12370:Hiera Orgas
12123:Telesterion
12083:Asclepieion
12075:sanctuaries
11928:Ptolemaieia
11908:Oschophoria
11898:Metageitnia
11888:Leucophryna
11838:Elaphebolia
11778:Arrhephoria
11758:Anthesteria
11753:Amphidromia
11694:Hermeticism
11544:Iatromantis
11346:Amphidromia
11175:God-fearers
11158:Hermeticism
11085:Expressions
11040:Antecedents
10911:Bibliotheca
10904:Argonautica
10747:Theia mania
10717:Patron gods
10707:Nympholepsy
10657:Golden Rule
10652:Golden mean
10590:Ages of Man
10459:Place names
10371:Salmydessus
10193:Kalos Limen
10173:Chersonesus
10163:Borysthenes
9868:Tauromenion
9680:Metapontion
9442:Proto-Greek
9395:Erechtheion
9390:Athena Nike
9352:Philippeion
9181:Mathematics
9152:and science
9035:Agriculture
8899:Stesichorus
8809:Bacchylides
8799:Archilochus
8686:Antisthenes
8676:Anaximander
8648:Seven Sages
8638:Playwrights
8618:Geographers
8613:Astronomers
8440:Pezhetairos
8067: 1100
8047:Federations
7946:Megalopolis
7883:City states
7858:City states
6507:82, 640–657
6404:of Athens.
5666:anastylosis
5659:, from 1877
5653:Erechtheion
5496:Asian/Ionic
5364:Greek world
5346:columns at
5268:Erechtheion
5248:Erechtheion
5238:Attic Ionic
4956:Herostratos
4797:peristaseis
4765:Ionic order
4748:Ionic order
4645:instead of
4534:peristaseis
3826:Doric order
3674:processions
3387:Refinements
3071:in position
2369:entablature
2253:, even the
2227:inclination
2094:in Greece (
1976:Proportions
1932:gabled roof
1912:), and the
1796:entablature
1790:Entablature
1780:Entablature
1640:euthynteria
1624:euthynteria
1606:entablature
1539:10 columns
1244:walls, the
904:cult statue
829:pagan cults
730:Aphrodisias
718:magistrates
607:and in the
403:entablature
301:Development
129:Hellenistic
59:Erechtheion
15811:Categories
15775:Classicism
15763:treatments
15703:Orphic egg
15688:Gorgoneion
15683:Cornucopia
15572:Orichalcum
15552:Lotus tree
15450:Trojan War
15435:Indian War
15339:Themiscyra
15279:Hyperborea
15206:Korybantes
15196:Gargareans
15122:Polyphemus
14888:Cacodaemon
14860:Trojan War
14796:Ascalaphus
14499:Ploutonion
14471:Charoniums
14429:Lerna Lake
14398:Phlegethon
14354:Underworld
14339:Telemachus
14112:Cassiopeia
14087:Andromache
14044:Theiodamas
14007:Erythraean
13922:Epimenides
13857:Amphiaraus
13682:Erechtheus
13646:Chrysippus
13616:Antilochus
13611:Amphitryon
13606:Amphiaraus
13497:Eileithyia
13278:Eileithyia
13218:Persephone
13154:Hermanubis
12945:Aphroditus
12792:Amphitrite
12749:Hephaestus
12692:Phosphorus
12661:Prometheus
12626:Epimetheus
12412:Myths and
12385:Sacred Way
12323:Hippocrene
12118:Ploutonion
12088:Delphinion
11953:Tauropolia
11913:Pamboeotia
11868:Hieromenia
11773:Aphrodisia
11729:Festivals
11708:Necromancy
11684:Divination
11594:Cult image
11554:Mystagogue
11549:Kanephoros
11532:Hierophant
11415:Incubation
11400:Hierophany
11366:Divination
11184:religions
11153:Gnosticism
11107:Polytheism
11102:Monotheism
11097:Henotheism
10980:Myth of Er
10942:Dionysiaca
10807:Iliupersis
10777:Epic Cycle
10768:epic poems
10737:Sophrosyne
10732:Polytheism
10637:Euhemerism
10632:Eudaimonia
10612:Apotheosis
10600:Heroic Age
10595:Golden Age
10361:Polemonion
10238:Phanagoria
10208:Kimmerikon
10203:Kerkinitis
10188:Hermonassa
10178:Dioscurias
10074:Aspalathos
10021:Kalathousa
9996:Akra Leuke
9925:Phoenicusa
9710:Scylletium
9695:Poseidonia
9615:Brentesion
9502:Pamphylian
9497:Macedonian
9415:Samothrace
9400:Hephaestus
9347:Long Walls
9326:Structures
9267:Underworld
9213:Technology
9176:Literature
9110:Philosophy
9075:Euergetism
8964:By culture
8909:Thucydides
8751:Pythagoras
8746:Protagoras
8736:Parmenides
8721:Heraclitus
8706:Empedocles
8696:Democritus
8681:Anaximenes
8671:Anaxagoras
8623:Historians
8116: 595
8103: 550
8084: 800
8069: – c.
7997:Cappadocia
7802:Ionian Sea
7792:Hellespont
7757:Aegean Sea
6547:3110880393
6519:Miles, 213
5961:2015-03-28
5912:113480167X
5817:References
5706:In Italy,
5552:, a small
5534:Alexandria
5515:peripteros
5431:Beginnings
5420:Olympieion
5404:peripteral
5370:in modern
5318:Metapontum
5313:peripteros
5295:peristasis
5211:peristasis
5181:peristasis
5174:peristasis
5099:Hermogenes
5078:peristasis
5068:peripteros
5055:Samothrace
5038:peripteroi
5002:peristasis
4938:Artemision
4888:Artemision
4876:Artemision
4847:peristasis
4842:Polycrates
4837:peristasis
4791:peripteros
4708:Temple G,
4631:peristasis
4621:peripteros
4612:Olympieion
4546:peristasis
4537:and broad
4525:Metapontum
4501:peristasis
4495:peristasis
4338:peristasis
4289:peripteroi
4277:peripteros
4226: 470
4129:peripteros
4108:tyrannical
4082:Olympieion
4029:peristasis
3968:peristasis
3956:peristasis
3922:peripteroi
3901:peristasis
3890: 625
3868:Beginnings
3848:, but the
3794:Corinthian
3757:Artemision
3732:Olympieion
3669:peristasis
3659:peristasis
3644:Peristasis
3635:peristasis
3477:, and the
3395:Temple of
3332:terracotta
3149:Erechtheum
3049:Akroterion
2986:Alcmaeonid
2899:Statue of
2885:Samothrace
2806: 570
2675:, Germany)
2669:Glyptothek
2665:Erechtheum
2473:Trojan War
2403:pedimental
2342:polychromy
2281:Decoration
2190:Hermogenes
2108:peristasis
2099: 500
2074:peristasis
2049:peristasis
1999:peristasis
1816:Asia Minor
1800:architrave
1710:, and the
1676:Corinthian
1635:stereobate
1572:Metapontum
1531:8 columns
1512:tetrastyle
1507:2 columns
1452:cyclostyle
1446:monopteros
1396:peristasis
1384:peristasis
1373:peripteral
1368:peripteros
1190:Plan types
1066:peristasis
1033:Peristasis
877:Floor plan
849:after the
827:, banning
785:Olympieion
737:principate
686:along the
617:Asia Minor
524:peripteros
459:peripteros
444:peristasis
176:Glyptothek
117:sacrifices
15723:Swan song
15708:Ouroboros
15693:Kantharos
15577:Palladium
15547:Labyrinth
15440:Theomachy
15420:Attic War
15344:Thrinacia
15334:Tartessos
15259:Aethiopia
15241:Telchines
15226:Myrmidons
15201:Halizones
15039:Captured
15020:Charybdis
14916:creatures
14811:Menoetius
14806:Eurynomos
14742:Pirithous
14668:Salmoneus
14636:Residents
14419:Acherusia
14314:Polynices
14299:Philomela
14289:Patroclus
14208:Iphigenia
14198:Hippolyta
14147:Deucalion
14092:Andromeda
14082:Agamemnon
14077:Aegisthus
13992:Cimmerian
13972:Polyeidos
13907:Cassandra
13808:Argonauts
13732:Narcissus
13626:Autolycus
13549:Heroes /
13263:Asclepius
12940:Aphrodite
12907:Hedylogos
12857:Scamander
12847:Potamides
12714:Aphrodite
12641:Menoetius
12560:Mnemosyne
12414:mythology
12357:Salaminia
12276:Vari Cave
12218:Mountains
12113:Parthenon
12108:Panionium
12103:Nymphaeum
12093:Mithraeum
11958:Thargelia
11933:Pyanopsia
11923:Plynteria
11858:Heracleia
11823:Delphinia
11798:Brauronia
11793:Boedromia
11700:Hermetica
11580:Religious
11517:Basilinna
11498:Religious
11477:Pharmakos
11465:Holocaust
11450:Sacrifice
11440:Panegyris
11430:Omophagia
11388:Hero cult
11339:/ rituals
11317:Hellenism
11307:Feraferia
11269:Mithraism
11188:Alexander
11182:Syncretic
11033:Religions
10925:Cyranides
10898:Aretalogy
10876:Alcmeonis
10855:Oedipodea
10786:Aethiopis
10727:Phronesis
10722:Pederasty
10687:Katabasis
10672:Hero cult
10667:Hemitheos
10562:mythology
10447:in Epirus
10396:Trapezous
10341:Mesambria
10326:Eupatoria
10296:Apollonia
10291:Anchialos
10253:Theodosia
10223:Nymphaion
10213:Myrmekion
10183:Gorgippia
10139:Black Sea
10124:Tragurion
10109:Nymphaion
10094:Epidauros
10089:Epidamnos
10079:Apollonia
10056:Zacynthos
9978:Ptolemais
9972:Apollonia
9945:Cyrenaica
9935:Therassía
9930:Strongyle
9910:Ereikousa
9833:Leontinoi
9773:Apollonia
9650:Hipponion
9447:Mycenaean
9410:Parthenon
9342:Lion Gate
9245:Mythology
9208:Sculpture
9171:Astronomy
9105:Pederasty
9080:Festivals
9065:Education
8945:Lawgivers
8914:Timocreon
8894:Sophocles
8889:Simonides
8864:Philocles
8859:Panyassis
8854:Mimnermus
8819:Herodotus
8814:Euripides
8784:Aeschylus
8731:Leucippus
8691:Aristotle
8470:Strategos
8336:Synedrion
8290:Ostracism
8270:Areopagus
8222:Free city
8017:Macedonia
7901:Byzantion
7807:Macedonia
7772:Cyrenaica
7749:Geography
7683:Geography
7614:(The Met)
6650:H. Koch:
6505:Antiquity
6382:cite book
6216:cite book
6150:cite book
6091:cite book
6028:cite book
5999:cite book
5811:Vitruvius
5732:Selinunte
5724:Agrigento
5629:Sri Lanka
5441:mausoleum
5322:Agrigento
5284:Epidaurus
5280:Asklepios
5274:Epidauros
5051:Aphrodite
5047:Labraunda
4961:crepidoma
4936:from the
4912:peristyle
4902:Theodoros
4628:), and a
4411:Classical
4407:Parthenon
4301:Parthenon
4272:Parthenon
4258:Parthenon
4014:Pausanias
3854:Parthenon
3650:Like the
3614:Parthenon
3531:Pausanias
3489:olive oil
3441:Parthenon
3352:Parthenon
3295:Parthenon
3151:from the
3069:antefixes
3009:akroteria
3004:Pausanias
3000:Epidauros
2996:Asklepios
2991:akroteria
2965:acroteria
2865:Parthenon
2822:Parthenon
2820:from the
2812:fighting
2761:pediments
2726:Pediments
2716:, in the
2667:, in the
2646:triglyphs
2622:Parthenon
2598:, or the
2534:, in the
2532:Parthenon
2489:Parthenon
2469:Argonauts
2407:sculpture
2293:crepidoma
2286:Colouring
2245:Acropolis
2238:Parthenon
2216:curvature
2136:Vitruvius
2103:Parthenon
1994:stylobate
1951:acroteria
1904:pediments
1872:Lykosoura
1830:triglyphs
1784:Parthenon
1657:stylobate
1652:crepidoma
1646:crepidoma
1630:crepidoma
1615:crepidoma
1597:crepidoma
1582:Elevation
1553:Didymaion
1545:The term
1536:decastyle
1528:octastyle
1520:hexastyle
1486:Vitruvius
1405:pilasters
1337:prostylos
1003:with the
928:Classical
871:elevation
861:Structure
843:Parthenon
833:Christian
694:Epidauros
379:colonnade
337:Mycenaean
286:peribolos
216:colonnade
208:mud brick
149:Ptolemaic
127:. In the
82:romanized
38:, on the
36:Parthenon
15780:Classics
15678:Caduceus
15502:Diipetes
15480:Ambrosia
15309:Panchaia
15274:Erytheia
15252:/ Realms
15176:Bebryces
15161:Achaeans
15107:Minotaur
15057:Cerberus
14954:Drakaina
14914:Beasts /
14893:Eudaemon
14824:Mythical
14732:Odysseus
14722:Heracles
14717:Dionysus
14709:Visitors
14689:Tiresias
14684:Tantalus
14679:Sisyphus
14653:Eurydice
14648:Danaïdes
14643:Anticlea
14627:Cerberus
14580:Tartarus
14508:Acharaca
14485:Acharaca
14460:Cave at
14454:Cave at
14448:Cave at
14388:Eridanos
14294:Penelope
14193:Hermione
14157:Eteocles
14142:Deidamia
14137:Damocles
14122:Chryseis
14097:Antigone
14054:Tiresias
14027:Phrygian
13962:Munichus
13952:Melampus
13887:Branchus
13742:Odysseus
13727:Menelaus
13722:Meleager
13702:Heracles
13692:Ganymede
13687:Eunostus
13672:Echetlus
13666:Dioscuri
13661:Diomedes
13656:Daedalus
13651:Cyamites
13636:Bouzyges
13621:Atalanta
13601:Akademos
13571:Achilles
13551:heroines
13509:Harmonia
13505:(Furies)
13487:Chrysaor
13475:Zephyrus
13437:Pasiphaë
13344:Pasithea
13161:Thanatos
13117:Proioxis
13087:Palioxis
13067:Kydoimos
13047:Hysminai
13022:Enyalius
12977:Adrestia
12952:Philotes
12837:Poseidon
12827:Oceanids
12769:Poseidon
12744:Dionysus
12687:Hesperus
12611:Astraeus
12550:Hyperion
12505:Tartarus
12500:Thalassa
12375:Kanathos
11943:Synoikia
11903:Munichia
11828:Dionysia
11808:Chalceia
11803:Buphonia
11788:Bendidia
11768:Apaturia
11748:Agrionia
11731:/ feasts
11631:Omphalos
11527:Hiereiai
11472:Libation
11460:Hecatomb
11361:Daduchos
11337:Worship
11312:Gaianism
11144:systems
11142:Esoteric
11012:Theogony
10961:Homerica
10835:Telegony
10761:Texts /
10647:Eusebeia
10575:Religion
10496:Category
10474:Theatres
10401:Tripolis
10336:Kerasous
10331:Heraclea
10263:Tyritake
10218:Nikonion
10129:Thronion
10051:Salauris
10006:Emporion
9963:Berenice
9953:Balagrae
9905:Euonymos
9878:Tyndaris
9863:Syracuse
9858:Selinous
9828:Kamarina
9783:Casmenae
9768:Akrillai
9685:Neápolis
9620:Caulonia
9601:Mainland
9532:Linear B
9527:Linear A
9457:Dialects
9434:Language
9228:Religion
9186:Medicine
9120:Religion
9085:Folklore
9070:Emporium
9045:Clothing
9040:Calendar
8924:Xenophon
8919:Tyrtaeus
8904:Theognis
8879:Polybius
8874:Plutarch
8849:Menander
8829:Hipponax
8756:Socrates
8711:Epicurus
8557:Diadochi
8455:Sciritae
8415:Hetairoi
8390:Ballista
8355:Military
8318:Gerousia
8308:Ekklesia
8275:Ecclesia
8257:Athenian
8205:Politics
8118:–279 BC)
8105:–366 BC)
8086:–389 BC)
8022:Pergamon
7992:Bithynia
7985:Kingdoms
7926:Pergamon
7868:Military
7863:Politics
7660:Timeline
7314:(eds.):
7106:Archived
7082:Archived
7023:Archived
6437:Archived
6195:: 37 ff.
6055:: 41–47.
5846:(1228).
5750:See also
5565:Pergamon
5501:dipteros
5487:dipteros
5471:Examples
5372:Pakistan
5356:Pakistan
5228:and the
5163:Alabanda
4996:dipteros
4897:dipteros
4860:Cyclades
4825:dipteros
4674:Syracuse
4662:), or a
4656:Temple C
4626:Telamons
4567:Poseidon
4357:without
4333:prostyle
4236:and the
4091:dipteros
4065:(modern
3953:and the
3852:and the
3796:temple.
3792:and the
3765:drachmas
3363:acrolith
3293:and the
3279:Cyclades
3091:(Moscow)
3014:Paeonios
2978:sphinxes
2974:griffins
2881:Kabeiroi
2873:Poseidon
2849:Oinomaos
2843:between
2810:Heracles
2732:Pediment
2720:(London)
2538:(London)
2477:centaurs
2465:Dioscuri
2457:Heracles
2423:Cycladic
2242:Athenian
2200:Dionysos
2195:eustylos
2024:hecatomb
1941:tympanon
1927:tympanon
1812:Cyclades
1808:triglyph
1764:acanthus
1690:flutings
1604:and the
1473:in antis
1425:dipteral
1419:dipteros
1342:prostyle
1331:in antis
1272:in antis
1270:distyle
930:period.
855:Venetian
836:churches
800:Syracuse
757:Tychaion
667:prostyle
661:in antis
545:, every
518:dipteros
252:pediment
145:Bactrian
55:Caryatid
15666:Symbols
15637:Thyrsus
15627:Talaria
15592:Petasos
15582:Panacea
15512:Galatea
15507:Eidolon
15470:Adamant
15463:Objects
15324:Scythia
15319:Scheria
15314:Phlegra
15284:Ismarus
15269:Colchis
15250:Places
15236:Spartoi
15231:Pygmies
15216:Lapiths
15191:Dactyls
15186:Curetes
15181:Cicones
15166:Amazons
15117:Orthrus
15067:Chimera
15001:Phoenix
14961:Echidna
14944:Cyclops
14927:Centaur
14752:Theseus
14737:Orpheus
14555:Elysium
14514:Eleusis
14383:Cocytus
14378:Acheron
14344:Troilus
14329:Pylades
14304:Phoenix
14279:Orestes
14239:Maenads
14218:Jocasta
14167:Gordias
14152:Electra
14107:Briseis
14065:mortals
14039:Telemus
14022:Persian
14002:Delphic
13997:Cumaean
13967:Phineus
13932:Helenus
13917:Ennomus
13892:Calchas
13877:Asbolus
13847:Aesacus
13840:/ seers
13837:Oracles
13818:Epigoni
13787:Theseus
13782:Perseus
13762:Pandion
13752:Orpheus
13747:Oedipus
13677:Eleusis
13576:Actaeon
13566:Abderus
13530:Pegasus
13520:Nemesis
13503:Erinyes
13365:Angelia
13349:Oneiroi
13334:Epiales
13308:Panacea
13293:Hygieia
13273:Darrhon
13253:Artemis
13223:Zagreus
13213:Melinoë
13179:Cabeiri
13174:Angelos
13112:Polemos
13042:Homados
12917:Himeros
12897:Anteros
12862:Thaumas
12852:Proteus
12842:Potamoi
12832:Phorcys
12817:Nereids
12807:Glaucus
12797:Alpheus
12739:Demeter
12729:Artemis
12606:Asteria
12565:Oceanus
12555:Iapetus
12460:Chronos
12422:Deities
12380:Olympia
12365:Eleusis
12350:Paralus
12311:Springs
12285:Islands
12245:Olympus
12147:Oracles
12128:Temenos
12070:Temples
11963:Theseia
11948:Soteria
11863:Hermaea
11848:Halieia
11843:Gamelia
11833:Ecdysia
11783:Ascolia
11763:Apellai
11651:Sceptre
11582:objects
11571:Thiasus
11522:Gerarai
11500:offices
11489:Theatre
11279:Orphism
11092:Atheism
10869:Epigoni
10862:Thebaid
10828:Odyssey
10627:Destiny
10516:Outline
10469:Temples
10406:Zaliche
10386:Thèrmae
10376:Sesamus
10346:Odessos
10321:Cytorus
10316:Cotyora
10066:Illyria
10031:Mainake
10026:Kypsela
9915:Hycesia
9873:Thermae
9853:Segesta
9843:Messana
9798:Helorus
9778:Calacte
9758:Akragas
9720:Sybaris
9705:Rhegion
9660:Krimisa
9610:Alision
9519:Writing
9492:Locrian
9482:Epirote
9452:Homeric
9385:Artemis
9372:Temples
9313:Olympia
9283:Eleusis
9218:Theatre
9203:Pottery
9130:Warfare
9125:Slavery
9060:Economy
9055:Cuisine
9050:Coinage
9027:Society
9012:Culture
9007:Society
8955:Tyrants
8794:Alcaeus
8776:Authors
8726:Hypatia
8716:Gorgias
8653:Writers
8475:Toxotai
8445:Sarissa
8435:Peltast
8430:Phalanx
8410:Hoplite
8405:Hippeis
8328:Macedon
8300:Spartan
8285:Heliaia
8232:Proxeny
7941:Larissa
7936:Kerkyra
7931:Eretria
7921:Miletus
7916:Ephesus
7911:Corinth
7906:Chalcis
7827:Taurica
7697:Periods
7678:History
7533:. 1993.
7368:English
7274:Olba II
6795:. 1924.
6717:. 1940.
6674:. 1993.
6620:. 1984.
6570:. 1992.
6210:. Rome.
5744:Segesta
5708:Paestum
5465:Messene
5449:Ephesos
5386:and an
5383:pronaos
5368:Jandial
5348:Jandial
5334:Jandial
5193:pronaos
5073:Pytheos
4991:Miletus
4952:Kroisos
4892:Ephesos
4880:Ephesos
4858:In the
4820:Rhoikos
4769:Heraion
4755:Origins
4730:Akragas
4710:Selinus
4694:Paestum
4678:Paestum
4665:pronaos
4660:Selinus
4643:coffers
4616:Akragas
4599:Selinus
4571:Paestum
4551:Selinus
4521:Paestum
4472:pronaos
4460:pronaos
4316:pronaos
4228:), the
4197:echinus
4192:entasis
4180:mutulus
4174:Olympia
4154:Olympia
4100:Hippias
4063:Kerkyra
3928:pronaos
3913:Corinth
3883:Thermos
3846:Segesta
3842:Akragas
3838:Paestum
3761:Ephesos
3724:Olympia
3623:Pronaoi
3539:Dorians
3350:in the
3344:Phidias
3325:Arcadia
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7272:. In:
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