Freedom of movement

593:, and over three months with evidence of "sufficient resources... not to become a burden on the social assistance system". If the citizen does not have a travel document, the member state must afford them every facility in obtaining the documents. Under no circumstances can an entry or exit visa be required. There are some security limitations and public policy restrictions on extended stays by EU residents. For instance, a member state may require that persons register their presence in the country "within a reasonable and non-discriminatory period of time". In general, however, the burden of notification and justification lies with the state. EU citizens also earn a right to permanent residence in member states they have maintained an uninterrupted five-year period of legal residence. This residency cannot be subject to any conditions, and is lost only by two successive years absence from the host nation. Family members of EU residents, in general, also acquire the same freedom of travel rights as the resident they accompany, though they may be subject to a short-stay visa requirement. Furthermore, no EU citizen may be declared permanently 1787:

obtain simultaneously. Permanent registration is obligatory and gives the right for property ownership, temporary registration can be received for a period of time due to rental contract. However, administrative procedures developed "in implementation" of the registration law imposed some conditions on registration which effectively made it depend on the landlord's assent. Since landlords are often not willing to register tenants or guests in their properties due to tax payments, many internal migrants are prevented from performing their legal duty to register. Before 2004, it was common for police to fine those having failed to register within 3 working days at a place of stay. In 2004, the maximum permitted registration lag was raised to 90 days making prosecution infeasible, removing practical obstacles to free movement.

227: 728: 1242: 1358:, Syria has argued that because of this constitutional protection: "in Syria, no laws or measures restrict the liberty of movement or choice of residence of citizens". Legislative Decree No. 29 of 1970 regulates the right of foreigners to enter, reside in and leave the territory of Syria, and is the controlling document regarding the issuance of passports, visas, and diplomatic travel status. The document specifically states "The latter provision is intended merely to ensure that our country is not the final destination of stateless persons." 1042: 825: 914: 1405: 562: 864: 1667: 1888:. The new basic legal prohibitions could include: road tolls and other curbs on freedom of travel and private vehicle ownership and use; personal identity cards (internal passports, citizenship licenses) that must be produced on demand for individuals to access public services and facilities; and legal requirements for citizens to register changes of address or partner with the state authorities. 4141:"ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION of June 9, 2003 No. 335 ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION June 9, 2003 No. 335 About approval of the Regulations on establishment of form of the visa, procedure and conditions of its registration and issue, prolongation of term of its action, its recovery in case of loss, and also procedure for cancellation of the visa" 1932:, an agreement between governments made in 1999, affirms that "All governments believe that the freedom of movement of Canadians to pursue opportunities anywhere in Canada is an essential element of Canadian citizenship." In the Agreement, it is pledged that "Governments will ensure that no new barriers to mobility are created in new social policy initiatives." 1663:"Every citizen has the right to reside and travel freely in any part of the country, except for such general limitations as may be established by law for reasons of health or security. No restriction may be imposed for political reasons. Every citizen is free to leave the territory of the republic and return to it, notwithstanding any legal obligations." 304:, the inconvenience goes even further as the legislation there does not formally recognize residency permits as valid visas; thus, foreign citizens lawfully residing in Russia need to obtain "exit-entry" visas in order to do a trip abroad. This, in particular, affects foreign students, whose original entry visas expire by the time they return home. 113:, registration). In some countries, freedom of movement has historically been limited for women, and for members of disfavored racial and social groups. Circumstances, both legal and practical, may operate to limit this freedom. For example, a nation that is generally permissive with respect to travel may restrict that right during time of 160:. There is also a rule of law that a landowner whose property has no public access can be awarded an easement to cross private land if necessary to reach his own property. Conversely, public nuisance laws prevent alternate use of public streets designated for public transit from being used for block parties and playing basketball. 1813:), but that does not "free him from the obligations stipulated by the Russian citizenship". Russian citizens possessing foreign citizenship may not enter or leave Russia on foreign travel documents. Russian consular offices do not grant visas to foreign passport holders who are (or are suspected to be) Russian citizens. 1253:, which has quasi-constitutional status, declares that "there shall be no deprivation or restriction of the liberty of a person by imprisonment, arrest, extradition or otherwise"; that "all persons are free to leave Israel"; and that "every Israeli national has the right of entry into Israel from abroad". In practice, 1786:

system in 1993, new legislation on registration of residence was passed. Unlike propiska, which was a permit to reside in a certain area, registration of residence as worded in the law is merely notification. According to the Russian legislation, there are two types of registration which a person may

1497:

The ideals of the Charter are, in principle, supported by all signatory governments, though they are not rigorously followed. There have been attempts to have intellectuals recognized as having special freedom of movement rights, to protect their intellectual ideals as they cross national boundaries.

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article 31, "Hong Kong residents shall have freedom of movement within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and freedom of immigration to other countries and regions. They shall have freedom to travel and to enter or leave the Region. Unless restrained by law, holders of valid travel documents

274:

Having a passport issued does not guarantee the right to exit the country. A person may be prohibited to exit a country on a number of reasons, such as being under investigation as a suspect, serving a criminal sentence, being a debtor in default, or posing a threat to national security. This applies

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There are certain restrictions on movement placed on Women, for example Syrian law now allows males to place restrictions on certain female relatives. Women over the age of 18 are entitled to travel outside of Syria, however a woman's husband may file a request for his wife to be banned from leaving

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including marriage. It is possible to travel from the West Bank to Gaza only if the person pledges to permanently relocating to Gaza. Gazan residents are only admitted to Israel in exceptional humanitarian cases. Since 2008, they are not allowed to live or stay in Israel because of marriage with an

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The Nordic Passport Union allows citizens of the Nordic countries – Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland – to travel and reside in another Nordic country without any travel documentation (e.g. a passport or national identity card) or a residence permit. Since 25 March 2001, all five states

195:

Though travelling to and from countries is generally permitted (with some limitations), most governments restrict the length of time that temporary visitors may stay in the country. This can be dependent on country of citizenship and country travelled to among other factors. In some instances (such

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Checkpoints exist throughout and at entrances and exits to the West Bank that limit the movement of non-Israelis on the basis of nationality, age, and sex among other criteria. While many such checkpoints are static, many are random, or move around frequently. Full closures of the West Bank to any

1365:

for restrictions to freedom of movement. In August 2005, Amnesty International released an "appeal case", citing several freedom of movement restrictions including exit restriction without explanation, refusal to issue passports to political dissidents, detention, restriction from entering certain

405:

It shall be lawful to any person, for the future, to go out of our kingdom, and to return, safely and securely, by land or by water, saving his allegiance to us, unless it be in time of war, for some short space, for the common good of the kingdom: excepting prisoners and outlaws, according to the

519:

While the treaty sets out the freedom of movement in broad and absolute terms, part four of Article 12 of the ICCPR admits that these freedoms may be restricted for a variety of reasons in the public interest. This clause is often cited to justify a wide variety of movement restrictions by almost

505:(3) The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant. 170:

are typically able to restrict the movements of minor children under their care, and of other adults who have been legally deemed incompetent to govern their own movement. Employers may legally set some restrictions on the movements of employees, and terminate employment if those restrictions are

2197:(2013), p. 206: "reedom of movement did not only amount to the right to travel freely, to take up residence and to work, but also involved the enjoyment of a legal status characterised by security of residence, the right to family reunification and the right to be treated equally with nationals". 263:

Most countries require that their citizens leave the country on a valid passport, travel document issued by an international organization or, in some cases, identification document. Conditions of issuance and the governments' authority to deny issuance of a passport vary from country to country.

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orders are liberally issued by Israel courts, including on non-custodial fathers who are not in arrears in child support. In March 2012 a corruption scandal led to the arrest of two officials for allegedly having taken bribes to circumvent court ordered "no exit" travel abroad bans. Freedoms of

92:

Some people and organizations advocate an extension of the freedom of movement to include a freedom of movement – or migration – between the countries as well as within the countries. The freedom of movement is restricted in a variety of ways by various governments and may even vary within the

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ranks countries based on the number of other countries its citizens are free to enter without visa. Most countries in the world require visas or some other form of entrance permit for non-citizens to enter their territory. Those who enter countries in defiance of regulations requiring such

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Citizens of certain countries in the Caribbean (Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) may enter, reside, study and work in each respective country indefinitely without a visa.

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had to gain permission from the government before travelling to Hong Kong or Macau, but this requirement was officially abolished for each SAR after its respective handover. Since then, restrictions imposed by the SAR governments have been the limiting factor on travel.

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are free to travel without any police control on the national territory. Although until the 1980s any person (either tourists or French citizens) had to fill up an information sheet then given to the police, writing on it its personal situation before booking a

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together with some non-member states. The arrangement allows visa-free travel between the countries in this area, in general without border controls. A foreign national who holds a visa issued by any of these countries can travel freely within the area.

761:

includes a freedom of movement area between its member states and five other associate states. Citizens don't require a passport to travel through other Mercosur or associate countries. Freedom of movement also extends to certain associated countries

1983:

did not invest the federal government with the authority to protect freedom of movement. Under the "privileges and immunities" clause, this authority was given to the states, a position the Court held consistently through the years in cases such as

1483:

Every individual shall have the right to leave any country including his own, and to return to his country. This right may only be subject to restrictions, provided for by law for the protection of national security, law and order, public health or

1353:

states "Every citizen has the right to liberty of movement within the territory of the State unless prohibited therefrom under the terms of a court order or public health and safety regulations.". In its mandated report on human rights to the

1224:

Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India though reasonable restrictions can be imposed on this right in the interest of the general public, for example, restrictions may be imposed on movement and travelling, so as to control

1794:

The case of obtaining access to classified documents while working for the state or the military, during the time when access is granted and up to 5 years afterwards. This limitation is commonly included as a provision in one's contract of

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Australia's government yesterday announced plans to regulate travel to terrorist hotbeds such as Iraq and Syria as part of a raft of counterterrorism measures aimed at addressing the domestic threat posed by war-hardened homegrown Islamic

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was possible on a limited scale from 2003 until 2008, when a road was opened (bus tours, no private cars). Freedom of Movement within North Korea is also limited, as citizens are not allowed to move around freely inside their country.

952:(GCC) citizens do not need a visa to enter each others countries and they also have the right to work in each GCC country. GCC citizens can use a GCC national identity card (rather than a passport) to travel between these states. 179:

Governments may generally sharply restrict the freedom of movement of persons who have been convicted of crimes, most conspicuously in the context of imprisonment. Restrictions may also be placed on convicted criminals who are on

1308:

that the airline had engaged in discrimination by refusing to sell tickets to Israeli citizens. Direct flights between the US and Kuwait are not affected by this decision as Israeli citizens are not allowed to enter Kuwait.

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Such freedom of movement shall entail the abolition of any discrimination based on nationality between workers of the Member States as regards employment, remuneration and other conditions of work and employment.

93:

territory of a single country. Such restrictions are generally based on public health, order, or safety justifications and postulate that the right to these conditions preempts the notion of freedom of movement.

1738:

states that "1.Every who legally stays in the territory of the Russian Federation shall have the right to free travel, choice of place of stay or residence. 2.Everyone may freely leave the Russian Federation.

848:

allow citizens of each country to move between, and work within, the two countries with few limitations. The arrangements also extend to holders of permanent resident and resident return visas of Australia.

2184:(2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence". 670:(c) to stay in a Member State for the purpose of employment in accordance with the provisions governing the employment of nationals of that State laid down by law, regulation or administrative action; 476: 2631: 673:(d) to remain in the territory of a Member State after having been employed in that State, subject to conditions which shall be embodied in implementing regulations to be drawn up by the Commission. 3613:"African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, adopted June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force Oct. 21, 1986: [excerpts] . . " 4355: 1280:

generally respects them in practice. Citizens have the right to travel freely both within the country and abroad, to change their place of residence, to emigrate, and to repatriate voluntarily.

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of 1861. At the time, most of the inhabitants of Russia, not only the serfs but also townsmen and merchants, did not have freedom of movement and were confined to their places of residence.

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Israeli. Israelis who want to visit their partner in Gaza need permits for a few months, and Israelis can visit their first‐degree relatives in Gaza only in exceptional humanitarian cases.

1228:

Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India, which is subject to reasonable restrictions by the State in the interest of the general public, or for protection of the

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may be forfeited by naturalization in a foreign country or by failure of persons born with dual nationality to elect citizenship at the required age. The law does not permit forced

1534:. Freedom of movement is guaranteed to "everyone" in regard to leaving the country but is limited to citizens when entering it or staying in it. Citizens also have a right to a 1526:

in the 1950s, these laws were expanded to prohibit all non-whites from remaining in cities for longer than 72 hours. Beyond the African Charter on Human and People's Rights, the

152:

In some jurisdictions, questions have arisen as to the extent to which a private owner of land can exclude certain persons from land which is used for public purposes, such as a

4436: 2026:

The State Department refused to issue passports to citizens who declined to swear that they were not Communists. This practice was ended following the 1958 Supreme Court Case

3842:

Szmagalska-Follis, Karolina (1 September 2009). "Are the European Union's New Boundaries like the Iron Curtain? 1989, Borders and Freedom of Movement in Poland and Ukraine".

1490:

A non-national legally admitted in a territory of a State Party to the present Charter, may only be expelled from it by virtue of a decision taken in accordance with the law.

1487:

Every individual shall have the right, when persecuted, to seek and obtain asylum in other countries in accordance with laws of those countries and international conventions.

296:

Currently, some countries require that foreign citizens have valid visas upon leaving the country if they needed one to enter. For example, a person who overstayed a visa in

4236:

A Framework to Improve the Social Union for Canadians: An Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Governments of the Provinces and Territories, February 4, 1999

1448:, Israeli freedom of movement was limited by law. Israel says that the regime of restrictions is necessary to protect Israelis both in Israel proper and in the West Bank. 1468:

Freedom of movement laws and restrictions vary from country to country on the African continent, however several international agreements beyond those prescribed by the

1027:

has been criticized for allegations of restrictions to freedom of movement. These include restrictions on movement by political dissidents, women, and migrant workers.

1921:

programs that favour residents who have lived in the region for longer. Section 6 mobility rights are among the select rights that cannot be limited by the Charter's

1906: 3730: 101:

Restrictions on international travel on people (immigration or emigration) are commonplace. Within countries, freedom of travel is often more limited for minors, and

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Maurer-Fazio, M., Connelly, R., & Tran, N. T. (2015). Negative native-place stereotypes and discriminatory wage penalties in China's migrant labour markets. In

966:

Freedom of movement between Russia and Belarus for local citizens exists similar to that which exists for British and Irish citizens within the Common Travel Area.

218:

dispute, a court may place restrictions on the movement of a minor child, thereby restricting the ability of the parents of that child to travel with their child.

3196: 1726:(including foreign citizens who are, who can be claimed to or are suspected to hold Polish citizenship) to enter and depart Poland using Polish travel documents. 1531: 339:

have been required to deposit their passports with the police. Each trip abroad must be approved by the government, which is more difficult for members of the

499:(1) Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence. 608: 590: 27: 533: 492: 462: 2595: 1625: 516:, which is charged with interpreting the treaty, issued its guidelines for Article 12 of the ICCPR in its "General Comment No. 27: Freedom of Movement". 211:

Furthermore, restrictions on the right to relocate or live in certain areas of a country have been imposed in several countries, most prominently China.

62:, and to leave the country and return to it. The right includes not only visiting places, but changing the place where the individual resides or works. 4891: 4359: 1986: 457:

was established on October 24, 1945. The new international organization recognized the importance of freedom of movement through documents such as the

1828:

Freedom of movement and residence and the right to leave the Republic of Serbia may be restricted by the law if this is necessary for the conduct of

1493:

The mass expulsion of non-nationals shall be prohibited. Mass expulsion shall be that which is aimed at national, racial, ethnic or religious groups.

512:

The ICCPR entered into force for the initial ratifying states on 23 March 1976, and for additional states following their ratification. In 1999, the

3780: 1958:

which states, "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States." As far back as the

1884:

It has been proposed that a range of specific state restrictions on freedom of movement should be prohibited under a new or comprehensively amended

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Many countries mention freedom of movement in their constitutional texts, but France does not. Freedom of movement in France is ruled both by the

1258:

movement in Israel are not similarly protected and a source of much controversy in the Palestinian West Bank and, to a lesser extent, Gaza Strip.

4108: 4009: 3973: 3940: 3303: 1637: 3697: 1609:

France is one of the most welcomed countries in the world. Citizens are indeed able to travel to 186 destinations in the world, making France

2931: 1135: 2960: 2935: 2657:"Online Burma Library > Main Library > Human Rights > Freedom of Movement > Freedom of Movement, violations of in Burma/Myanmar" 2484: 1979:

75 U.S. 168 (1869), the Court defined freedom of movement as "right of free ingress into other States, and egress from them." However, the

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Keung Wong, Daniel Fu; Li, Chang Ying; Song, He Xue (1 January 2007). "Rural migrant workers in urban China: living a marginalised life".

1232:

because certain safeguards, as are envisaged here, seem justified to protect indigenous and tribal peoples from exploitation and coercion.

1941: 4272:

Duster, Michael J. "Criminal Justice System Reform Symposium: Note: Out of Sight, Out of Mind: State Attempts to Banish Sex Offenders."

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The freedom of a citizen to travel abroad may be restricted due to his / her citizenship duty or criminal investigation or prosecution.

1455:

Residents of Gaza are only allowed to travel to the West Bank in exceptional humanitarian cases, particularly urgent medical cases, but

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Every individual shall have the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of a State provided he abides by the law.

1305: 791: 3376: 5317: 5238: 4210:"The Legal Protection Of Democracy & Freedom: The Case For A New Written Constitution & Bill Of Rights", in Lewis F. Abbott, 899:, to travel freely in this area. The arrangements also extend to certain foreign nationals who hold visas issued by these countries. 4285:"Note: Membership Has Its Privileges and Immunities: Congressional Power to Define and Enforce the Rights of National Citizenship." 4248: 4910:

What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

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In the interests of justice (imprisonment, bailiff's order, arrest, undertaking not to leave during a criminal investigation etc.).

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Freedom of movement of Russian citizens around the country is legally limited in a number of situations, including the following:

5307: 5143: 4042: 2009: 1910: 1214: 320: 3570: 3529: 3470: 200:

who are at risk of immediate bodily harm on return to their country or those seeking asylum), indefinite stay may be allowed on

4944: 4884: 4808: 4453: 3803:"Project Turnstone : Freedom of Movement and Passenger Experiences with Safety and Border Control in the Baltic Sea Area" 4823: 4219: 3673: 2567: 2541: 2246: 1552: 1445: 1367: 513: 458: 78: 406:

laws of the land, and of the people of the nation at war against us, and Merchants who shall be treated as it is said above.

5112: 3751: 3717: 3084:"Coalition for The Children and Family, Father's Rights Israel, Discrimination Against Men - הקואליציה למען הילדים והמשפחה" 2698:

Chan, Kam Wing; Zhang, Li (December 1999). "The "hukou" system and rural-urban migration in China: processes and changes".

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It shall entail the right, subject to limitations justified on grounds of public policy, public security or public health:

382:

from traveling there without his permission. However, Augustus would also allow more liberty to travel at times. During a

124:

national and regional official minimum wage tariff barriers to labour-market entry (free movement or migration of workers);

4473: 4463: 5271: 5223: 4994: 4792: 4458: 2023:), it is unlawful for a United States citizen to enter or exit the United States without a valid United States passport. 278:

In some countries prohibition to leave may take the form of revocation of a previously issued passport. For example, the

2800: 2221: 1913:. The rights specified include the right of citizens to leave and enter the country and the right of both citizens and 143:

motor vehicle normative road and highway design, in which pedestrian and bicycle access is severely restricted or absent

4331: 3193: 1980: 694: 4877: 4500: 4339: 4047: 3988: 3458:

Syria: Unable to Move: Freedom of Movement restricted for Human Rights Defenders (and Others) | Amnesty International

3236: 2380: 2017: 1603: 336: 3592:

So near and yet so far—Implications of Israeli‐Imposed Seclusion of Gaza Strip on Palestinians’ Right to Family Life

2098:. It is possible that this may have influenced the development of a common identity in the island, which has led to 1559:

of 1990, promoting freedom of movement and no more borders controls for European citizen on the European territory.

585:

of 29 April 2004. Union residents are given the right to enter any member state for up to three months with a valid

188:. Persons who have been charged with crimes and have been released on bail may also be prohibited from traveling. A 1951: 1929: 2614:"Parliamentary question | Answer to Question No E-3822/00 | E-3822/2000(ASW) | European Parliament" 2525: 3437: 1574:

Since the Schengen Agreement in 1990, freedom of movement slightly spread to 25 countries of the European Union (

1399: 1386:

no longer allow women to appear in public alone, they must be accompanied by a male relative/guardian known as a

1113:

as measures of wellbeing and economic progress are based almost exclusively on conditions for those with a local

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provides for the freedom of movement within the country, foreign travel, immigration, and repatriation, and the

1158:

in Tibet have a far easier time acquiring the necessary permits to live in urban areas than ethnic Tibetans do.

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not to destroy their travel documents, in order to be able to adjudicate their eligibility to enter the country

208:, where citizens of any country in the EU and EFTA generally enjoy indefinite stay in other EU/EFTA countries. 3322:"Kuwait Airways drops New York to London route after being criticised for refusing to take Israeli passengers" 2592: 1632:

in order to ensure freedom of movement in the specific circumstance of a woman traveling abroad to receive an

3219: 2751:

Cheng, Tiejun; Selden, Mark (September 1994). "The origins and social consequences of China's hukou system".

2061:

proposed regulating the rights of Australian citizens to travel to and from designated areas associated with

1519: 1297: 1058: 415: 308: 5302: 5213: 4091:"FEDERAL LAW NO. 114-FZ OF AUGUST 15, 1996 ON THE PROCEDURE FOR EXITING AND ENTRING THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION" 4024:"FEDERAL LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION of March 28, 1998 No. 53-FZ About conscription and military service" 2091: 1833: 1783: 1765: 1527: 1338: 3742:

According to the official website of the French Republic; see the second sentence on the fourth paragraph.

2613: 5039: 4949: 4672: 3923:"LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NO. 4730-I OF APRIL 1, 1993 ON THE STATE BORDER OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION" 2099: 2094:(part of France), freedom of movement is allowed between both halves of the island as stated in the 1648 2053:

had immigration controls separate from those of the remainder of Australia and a permit was required for

1959: 975: 438: 245: 4421: 4223: 4158: 3590: 1644:

on 25 May 2018, which ensures the right to an abortion, this previous amendment is no longer necessary.

137:

protectionist local/regional barriers to housebuilding and therefore settlement in particular districts;

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The Russian citizens' right to leave Russia may be legally suspended on a number of reasons including:

1131:" from Chinese authorities. Currently, the issuance of the "one-way permit" is limited to 150 per day. 3083: 1754:(mainly nuclear research centers). Special permits are necessary for both visiting and settling there. 353:

require all resident foreigners, but not citizens, to obtain an exit visa before leaving the country.

226: 205: 26:"Free movement of persons" redirects here. For the freedom of movement within the European Union, see 5261: 5203: 4813: 4533: 3204: 1972:(1823), freedom of movement has been judicially recognized as a fundamental Constitutional right. In 1515: 1433: 1082: 727: 636: 386:

in 6 AD, he attempted to relieve strain on the food supply by granting senators the liberty to leave

375: 3903: 3596: 5218: 5183: 5128: 5014: 4697: 3290: 1167: 949: 918: 908: 644: 624: 279: 4183: 2396:

Habicht, Jasper (2 January 2019). "Exit restrictions in the context of Chinese civil litigation".

204:

grounds, but in most other cases, stay is generally limited. One notable exception to this is the

4924: 2443: 2058: 2000: 1740: 1688: 1641: 1191: 1143: 1139: 722: 640: 487:(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. 484:(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State. 231: 105:

can modify this right as it applies to persons charged with or convicted of crimes (for example,

4090: 1346:

are prohibited from exiting the country without special visas issued by government authorities.

4954: 4939: 4702: 4637: 3821: 3497: 2126: 1902: 1844: 1775: 1735: 1723: 1343: 1317: 632: 628: 434: 134:

obligations on persons to register changes of address or of partner with the state authorities;

88:"Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country." 85:"Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state." 31: 3166: 5266: 5074: 5064: 5029: 4782: 4757: 4712: 4662: 4611: 4493: 3404: 3286: 3062: 2976:

Cheng, T.; Selden, M. (1994). "The Origins and Social Consequences of China's Hukou System".

2281: 2079: 1993: 1885: 1657: 1362: 1350: 1273: 1267: 1106: 1036: 969: 707: 4328:

Arise, Africa! Roar, China! Black and Chinese Citizens of the World in the Twentieth Century

4043:"The Demise and Resurrection of the Propiska: Freedom of Movement in the Russian Federation" 3754:

For some reasons, police controls are still recommended. See Title II, chapter 1, article 2.

3373: 3140: 3019:

Skeldon, Ronald (1 March 1994). "Turning Points in Labor Migration: The Case of Hong Kong".

2207: 1832:, protection of public order and peace, prevention of the spread of infectious diseases, or 1408:

Palestinians queue to pass through a checkpoint between neighborhoods in the city of Hebron.

832:

covers movement of respective citizens of Australia and New Zealand between those countries.

573:, residents are guaranteed the right to freely move within the EU's internal borders by the 5193: 5153: 5034: 4858: 4838: 4722: 4667: 4657: 4601: 4528: 1829: 1806: 1712: 1704: 1320:

is tightly controlled. The standard route to and from North Korea is by plane or train via

945: 615: 582: 542:, restrictions on freedom of movement were implemented by many of the world's governments. 3457: 3387: 3384: 2677: 1241: 996:

may enter, reside, study and work in each respective country indefinitely without a visa.

782:), citizens of which can also travel to their territories without the need of a passport. 8: 5243: 4964: 4934: 4848: 4843: 4742: 4632: 2884: 2805: 2753: 2700: 2372: 2121: 2095: 1964: 1914: 1878: 1621: 1579: 1277: 1200: 884: 578: 239: 1865:

Britons have long enjoyed a comparatively high level of freedom of movement. Apart from

1606:, French people are free to go to one European country to another without restrictions. 5281: 5158: 5084: 4979: 4777: 4762: 4468: 4408: 4305: 4301:"Passport Revocations or Denials on the Ground of National Security and Foreign Policy" 3867: 3691: 3269: 3261: 3044: 3001: 2993: 2909: 2778: 2770: 2733: 2717: 2489: 2456: 2421: 2156: 2013: 1918: 1848: 1822: 1556: 1109:. The Hukou system has also led many municipal governments to disregard the welfare of 1086: 876: 868: 858: 529: 394: 332: 258: 131:(internal passports, citizenship licenses) that must be carried and produced on demand; 54:

concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the

5188: 5148: 5101: 5049: 4974: 4772: 4732: 4647: 4616: 4523: 4335: 4215: 4102: 4003: 3967: 3934: 3871: 3859: 3764: 3679: 3669: 3567: 3540: 3474: 3273: 3253: 3234:

Ward, Robert E. (December 1956). "The Origins of the Present Japanese Constitution".

3036: 3005: 2901: 2844: 2840: 2782: 2725: 2425: 2413: 2376: 2049:. Various Australian laws restrict the right on various grounds. Until 1 July 2016, 1947: 1218: 1102: 595: 539: 426: 411: 74: 4140: 4023: 3989:"CRIMINAL-PROCEDURAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NO. 174-FZ OF DECEMBER 18, 2001" 3612: 3048: 2913: 2737: 1473: 5178: 5094: 5059: 4767: 4737: 4727: 4692: 4606: 4596: 4586: 4550: 4545: 4486: 3922: 3851: 3713: 3245: 3028: 2985: 2893: 2836: 2762: 2709: 2405: 2368: 2312: 2151: 1974: 1869:, the protection of rights and liberties in this field has tended to come from the 1810: 1229: 1090: 1008: 985: 888: 678:

The provisions of this article shall not apply to employment in the public service.

599:

within the European Union, or permanently excluded from entry by any member state.

289:, further required that their citizens, and sometimes foreign travelers, obtain an 189: 3638:"The Kampala Declaration on Intellectual Freedom and Social Responsibility (1990)" 2571: 2545: 2409: 5256: 5208: 5168: 5069: 5019: 4752: 4747: 4687: 4642: 4591: 3637: 3574: 3391: 3380: 3200: 2599: 2146: 2141: 2020: 1917:

to move within its boundaries. However, the subsections protect poorer regions'

1708: 1692: 1390:. People who tried to leave ISIS territory were routinely tortured and executed. 1066: 896: 201: 20: 4122: 3956:"FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL LAW NO. 3-FKZ OF MAY 30, 2001 ON THE STATE OF EMERGENCY" 3885: 3786:. The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from 2656: 1798:

Detention on being prosecuted as a defendant or suspicion of committing a crime.

1370:

issues regular reports on human rights in Syria, including freedom of movement.

465:(1966). Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the 5198: 5123: 5079: 4853: 4787: 4565: 4560: 3032: 2801:"China 'hukou' system deemed outdated as way of controlling access to services" 2136: 2131: 2111: 2050: 2028: 1610: 1563: 1469: 1355: 1301: 1187: 1128: 1110: 880: 693:

A different arrangement amongst 29 European countries, covers some but not all

620: 570: 508:(4) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country. 454: 430: 316: 312: 297: 268: 167: 128: 70: 4235: 3855: 3340:"Kuwait Airways Pulls Profitable Flight to Avoid Doing Business With Israelis" 3114:"Israel Gets Rid of "the Best Interest of the Child Stuff" - Fearless Fathers" 2989: 2897: 2766: 2713: 2317: 2300: 1041: 810:. The countries have adopted a harmonized external border and visitor policy. 5296: 5228: 5163: 5044: 4707: 4682: 4677: 3863: 3683: 3257: 2905: 2848: 2417: 2116: 1969: 1716: 1599: 1383: 1171: 993: 688: 215: 153: 3787: 3374:

North Korea: Freedom of movement, opinion and expression - Information sheet

3361: 2878:

Chan, Kam Wing; Buckingham, Will (September 2008). "Is China abolishing the

2195:

Illiberal Liberal States: Immigration, Citizenship and Integration in the EU

2045:

No federal Australian legislation guarantees freedom of movement within the

1476:

Article 12 outlines various forms of movement-related freedoms. It asserts:

1304:

cancelled its route between New York and London following a decision by the

824: 5138: 5133: 5024: 4901: 4869: 4652: 3515: 3040: 2729: 2439: 2365:

Diplomatic Law: Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations

2083: 1874: 1612:

one of the most welcomed countries according to the Henley passport index.

1437: 1417: 1254: 1062: 925: 913: 852: 545: 450: 379: 371: 346: 286: 267:

Under certain circumstances, countries may issue travel documents (such as

66: 51: 19:

This article is about the right to travel. For the mechanical concept, see

3663: 1452:

entrance or exit are frequent, generally taking place on Jewish Holidays.

1404: 970:

United States, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, and Palau

667:(b) to move freely within the territory of Member States for this purpose; 5004: 3416: 1866: 1751: 1595: 1379: 1325: 1281: 1155: 1098: 1046: 961: 892: 845: 795: 398: 4437:"The reunification of St. Martin: A pipe dream or an inevitable choice?" 2367:. Oxford Commentaries on International Law. Vol. 1 (4th ed.). 1538:, critical to full exercise of the freedom of movement internationally. 1518:

requiring black men to have a pass with them to enter cities. After the

1296:

Kuwait refuses admission to holders of Israeli passports as part of its

5009: 3711:

Certification of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

3265: 1870: 1629: 1568: 1366:

structures, denial of travel documents, and denial of nationality. The

1074: 374:

in 27 BC, he assumed monarchical powers over the new Roman province of

4474:

UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 27: Freedom of Movement

4469:

UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 13

2997: 2774: 2721: 1666: 655:

Freedom of movement for workers shall be secured within the Community.

4989: 4828: 4570: 3498:"Revolutionizing Human Rights: Women and Democracy in Northern Syria" 2062: 2046: 1523: 1511: 1507: 1441: 1421: 1179: 1120: 841: 807: 799: 746: 574: 324: 290: 181: 110: 102: 55: 3249: 1857:

Citizens can neither be deported nor denied entry into the country.

1077:

areas. Many people move to places in which they do not have a local

5251: 5089: 4833: 4538: 4356:"Right to freedom of movement | Attorney-General's Department" 2461: 1877:, and can be changed by Parliament without the protection of being 1684: 1633: 1535: 1374:

the country. From July 2013, in certain villages in Syria (such as

863: 803: 771: 754: 742: 561: 502:(2) Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own. 367: 3579:

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

3537:

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

1743:

shall have the right to freely return to the Russian Federation."

1205:

shall be free to leave the Region without special authorization."

397:, in 1215, the right to travel was enshrined in Article 42 of the 5054: 4999: 4984: 4969: 4509: 3822:"Freedom of Movement for Workers from Central and Eastern Europe" 1809:, citizen of Russia may have the citizenship of a foreign State ( 1591: 1321: 937: 775: 767: 758: 340: 197: 147: 59: 16:

Right of people to travel within and outside of their own country

2301:"Global Justice, Freedom of Movement and Democratic Citizenship" 1009:

Protection of right to freedom of movement in specific countries

271:) to aliens, that is, to persons other than their own citizens. 249:

documentation are often subject to imprisonment or deportation.

4555: 2959:. Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy. Archived from 2278:

Closed Borders: the Contemporary Assault on Freedom of Movement

1680: 1602:

as these countries own an associated status towards the EU. As

1587: 1575: 1425: 1413: 1186:

retained separate border control and immigration policies with

1127:

only for travel, but not for residence unless they obtain the "

933: 750: 383: 301: 185: 163: 106: 3356:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (July 2, 2008).

1119:

Also, Chinese citizens are allowed to go from the mainland to

1653: 1530:

also contains express freedoms of movement, in section 21 of

1375: 1285: 1183: 1151: 1147: 1124: 1070: 1050: 1024: 989: 941: 763: 419: 350: 328: 221: 3763:

This ranking does not take in count restrictions due to the

1174:

and accepted by the British and Portuguese governments, the

3716:, 1996 (4) SA 744, 1996 (10) BCLR 1253 (6 September 1996), 3091: 929: 779: 648: 613:

Freedom of movement for workers is a policy chapter of the

387: 157: 4478: 4068:"The Propiska and the Constitutional Court Special Report" 3304:"Kuwait Airways Drops Flights to Avoid Israeli Passengers" 1245:

An internal Israeli checkpoint near the town of Bethlehem.

4249:"FindLaw's United States Supreme Court case and opinions" 1472:

govern freedom of movement within the African continent.

252: 114: 3801:

Sophia, Yakhlef; Goran, Basic; Malin, Åkerström (2015).

2363:

Eileen, Denza (14 January 2016). "Freedom of Movement".

1821:

Everyone has the right to move and settle freely in the

1656:, freedom of movement is enshrined in Article 16 of the 1361:

However, Syria has been criticized by groups, including

1105:, and more recently in the People's Republic to control 853:

United Kingdom, Ireland, Isle of Man and Channel Islands

546:

Examples of free movement arrangements between countries

230:

The British Government instructs travellers arriving at

3844:

International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society

3221:

Checkpoints, Physical Obstructions, and Forbidden Roads

4159:"Article 39 of Constitution of the Republic of Serbia" 3668:. William H. Worger (Third ed.). Abingdon, Oxon. 481:

The text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

3167:"חשד: שוטר וקצין שב"כ סייעו למעוכבי יציאה תמורת שוחד" 2866:

Handbook of Chinese Migration: Identity and Wellbeing

2193:

Kees Groenendijk, Elspeth Guild, and Sergio Carrera,

2057:

or residents to enter. In August 2014 the Australian

609:

Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union

335:

to visit the mainland). Since 2016, residents of the

28:

Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union

4464:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

3448:

Legislative Decree No. 29 of 1970, Syrian Government

3417:"How Syria controls its dissidents – Banning travel" 955: 534:

Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic

493:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

463:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

4454:

Freedom of Movement and limitations thereof in Cuba

4399:. Singapore: MediaCorp. 6 August 2014. p. 16. 4234:

Government of Canada, Social Union, News Release, "

4212:

British Democracy: Its Restoration & Extension,

2928:"Restrictions on Freedom of Movement and Residence" 2868:(pp. 71-104). No, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. 2632:"Free Movement of persons in the Eastern Caribbean" 1851:has the right to travel from one place to another. 1510:, freedom of movement for nonwhites was limited by 1436:. In the mid-1990s, with the implementation of the 5262:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation 4459:Freedom of Travel policy within the European Union 3665:South Africa : the rise and fall of apartheid 3287:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006" 2798: 1146:before receiving official permission to leave for 3841: 3141:"Payoff scandal clouds Israel's airport security" 2611: 2222:"Libertarians say: Let the immigrant children in" 1085:can restrict services like subsidized schooling, 664:(a) to accept offers of employment actually made; 5294: 3800: 3394:., published 2 August 2009, accessed 2011-04-08. 2826: 2457:"China confiscates passports of Xinjiang people" 1670:The Svalbard area is an entirely visa-free zone. 1474:The African Charter on Human and People's Rights 3358:"UNHCR Freedom in the World 2008 - North Korea" 1707:are required to use Polish travel documents (a 575:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 140:trespassing into another individual's property. 2877: 148:Freedom of movement between private properties 4885: 4494: 2932:Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy 1636:. However, with the successful repeal of the 1136:Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy 444: 206:free movement of people in the European Union 4899: 4435:Badejo, Fabian Adekunle (25 December 2004). 4123:"The Constitution of the Russian Federation" 3886:"The Constitution of the Russian Federation" 3729:No paragraph mention liberty of movement in 3428:Article 33, Paragraph 2, Syrian Constitution 3362:PRK,4562d8cf2,487ca236c0,0.html the original 2536: 2534: 813: 433:were not given their personal freedom until 4930:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention 4107:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4008:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3972:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3939:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2975: 2750: 2332: 2330: 2328: 1942:Freedom of movement under United States law 1571:. This law does not exist anymore however. 902: 794:abolished in 2006 land border checks among 4892: 4878: 4819:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 4501: 4487: 4298: 4266: 4127:The Constitution of the Russian Federation 3696:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3522: 3364:on October 18, 2012. Retrieved 2011-04-08. 1154:. Additionally, it alleged that people of 792:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement 222:Entrance restrictions in certain countries 3595:. HaMoked and B'Tselem, January 2014. On 2697: 2531: 2485:"Travel restrictions started during WW-I" 2316: 2176: 2174: 2172: 1097:. The system was used as far back as the 495:incorporates this right into treaty law: 4065: 2636:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 2325: 1713:Polish National ID card (Dowód osobisty) 1665: 1403: 1240: 1040: 912: 862: 823: 726: 701: 560: 473: 225: 192:may also be denied the right to travel. 174: 120:Restrictions may include the following: 5144:Right to an adequate standard of living 4321: 4319: 3986: 3495: 3471:"Human Rights Committee - 84th Session" 3018: 2957:"Racial Discrimination in Tibet (2000)" 2829:International Journal of Social Welfare 2395: 2298: 2208:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 2010:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 1911:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1215:Protected and restricted areas of India 565:European Union Freedom-of-Movement Area 390:and to travel to wherever they wished. 73:, and in documents reflecting norms of 5295: 4945:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 4434: 4206: 4204: 4088: 4040: 3953: 3607: 3605: 3138: 3063:"Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty" 2971: 2969: 2362: 2169: 1905:contains mobility rights expressly in 1161: 253:Exit restrictions in certain countries 96: 4873: 4824:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4482: 3920: 3819: 3775: 3773: 3661: 3563: 3561: 3224:. B'Tselem, Updated 24 November 2013. 3215: 3213: 3189: 3187: 3164: 2860: 2858: 2799:Richburg, Keith B. (14 August 2010). 2794: 2792: 2247:"Why Should We Restrict Immigration?" 1553:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1368:United Nations Human Rights Committee 459:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 79:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4316: 4279: 3513:"Double-layered Veils and Despair", 3233: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2272: 2270: 2241: 2239: 2068: 1875:constitutional codes and conventions 1825:, to leave it, and to return to it. 1674: 1251:Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty 1142:had to promise not to criticize the 300:may need to obtain an exit visa. In 293:to be allowed to leave the country. 4325: 4201: 4072:East European Constitutional Review 3602: 3419:. The Economist. 30 September 2010. 3293:. 2007-03-06. Retrieved 2008-10-21. 3207:. 2010-03-28. Retrieved 2010-03-29. 3194:"IDF closes West Bank for Passover" 3021:Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 2966: 1805:According to the 62 article of the 1761:near Russia's international border. 1412:The restriction of the movement of 1053:province closed to foreign visitors 1030: 879:arrangements allow citizens of the 520:every country that is party to it. 285:Some countries, such as the former 13: 4332:University of North Carolina Press 3770: 3558: 3405:"Syrian Reform: What Lies Beneath" 3210: 3184: 2855: 2789: 2373:10.1093/law/9780198703969.003.0024 2187: 1834:defense of the Republic of Serbia. 1741:Citizens of the Russian Federation 785: 14: 5329: 5065:Right to refuse medical treatment 4447: 4238:," URL accessed 20 December 2006. 4048:Harvard International Law Journal 3581:. May 2008. Retrieved 2010-03-29. 3237:American Political Science Review 2351: 2287: 2267: 2236: 1860: 1711:or, within the European Union, a 1324:. Transport directly to and from 1306:U.S. Department of Transportation 956:Union State of Russia and Belarus 917:Countries and territories of the 867:Countries and territories of the 733:Light green: associated members. 550: 337:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 77:. For example, Article 13 of the 5318:Concepts in political philosophy 3403:Ghadry, Farid N. (Winter 2005). 2841:10.1111/j.1468-2397.2007.00475.x 2182:Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights 1952:Privileges and Immunities Clause 1935: 1930:Social Union Framework Agreement 1891: 1628:was adopted in November 1992 by 1065:of household registration makes 1018: 999: 682: 449:After the end of hostilities in 65:Such a right is provided in the 4428: 4389: 4375: 4348: 4292: 4241: 4228: 4184:"Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası" 4176: 4151: 4133: 4115: 4082: 4059: 4034: 4016: 3980: 3947: 3914: 3896: 3878: 3835: 3813: 3794: 3757: 3745: 3736: 3731:the French Constitution of 1958 3723: 3704: 3655: 3630: 3584: 3507: 3489: 3463: 3451: 3442: 3431: 3422: 3410: 3397: 3367: 3350: 3332: 3314: 3296: 3280: 3227: 3158: 3132: 3106: 3076: 3055: 3012: 2950: 2920: 2871: 2820: 2744: 2691: 2670: 2649: 2624: 2605: 2602:(consolidated version). EUR-Lex 2586: 2560: 2518: 2505: 2477: 2449: 2432: 2389: 2073: 2008:Internationally, § 215 of the 1843:According to Article 23 of the 1501: 1400:Palestinian freedom of movement 1138:claimed in 2000 that people in 1049:District - within a section of 838:Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement 830:Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement 820:Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement 713:are also in the Schengen Area. 5308:International travel documents 5277:Sexual and reproductive health 5174:Right to a healthy environment 4809:Liberty, equality, brotherhood 4383:"Right to freedom of movement" 3165:גלובס, שירות (14 March 2012). 2214: 2200: 1516:Natives (Urban Areas) Act 1923 1430:Palestinian National Authority 1312: 1176:special administrative regions 557:Four Freedoms (European Union) 321:special administrative regions 282:may revoke passports at will. 1: 5194:Right to public participation 4439:. House of Nehesi Publishers. 4066:Katanian, Konstantin (1998). 3139:Senyor, Eli (14 March 2012). 3088:הקואליציה למען הילדים והמשפחה 2410:10.1080/10192557.2019.1651486 2305:European Journal of Sociology 2162: 1950:is governed primarily by the 331:(and SAR residents require a 5214:Right to science and culture 3407:. The Middle East Quarterly. 3344:U.S. News & World Report 2100:a proposed unification of it 2092:Collectivity of Saint Martin 2040: 1528:Constitution of South Africa 1393: 1339:Freedom of movement in Syria 695:European Union member states 651:(ex 39 and 48) states that: 7: 5040:Right to keep and bear arms 4950:Freedom from discrimination 4673:Freedom from discrimination 4508: 4299:Capassakis, Evelyn (1981). 3360:. Unhcr.org. Archived from 2105: 1541: 976:Compact of Free Association 716: 523: 514:U.N. Human Rights Committee 317:exit and entry endorsements 10: 5334: 4534:Personification of Liberty 3781:"The Italian Constitution" 3539:. May 2008. Archived from 3383:., Amnesty International, 3033:10.1177/011719689400300106 2035: 1956:United States Constitution 1946:Freedom of movement under 1939: 1715:) while travelling in the 1615: 1397: 1336: 1265: 1212: 1069:difficult, especially for 1059:People's Republic of China 1034: 973: 959: 906: 856: 817: 731:Dark green: full members. 720: 705: 686: 606: 602: 554: 527: 445:United Nations Declaration 414:, a measure instituted by 356: 315:are required to apply for 309:People's Republic of China 256: 237: 25: 18: 5237: 5204:Right to rest and leisure 5110: 4915: 4908: 4814:All men are created equal 4801: 4625: 4579: 4516: 3856:10.1007/s10767-009-9073-9 3205:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2990:10.1017/S0305741000043083 2898:10.1017/S0305741008000787 2767:10.1017/S0305741000043083 2714:10.1017/S0305741000001351 2318:10.1017/s000397560900040x 2047:Commonwealth of Australia 1896: 1847:, each individual in the 1838: 1816: 1782:Since the abandonment of 1729: 1703:Polish nationals holding 1698: 1546: 1463: 1434:Israel-Palestine conflict 1291: 1236: 814:Australia and New Zealand 378:and was able to prohibit 361: 311:who are residents of the 184:or have been released on 5219:Right to social security 5184:Right to Internet access 5129:Equal pay for equal work 5015:Presumption of innocence 4214:ISR/Google Books, 2006. 3662:Clark, Nancy L. (2016). 3496:Padín-Dujon, Alejandra. 3291:U.S. Department of State 2598:16 November 2013 at the 1991:79 U.S. 418 (1871), the 1647: 1446:administrative divisions 1440:and the division of the 1332: 1261: 1208: 1168:one country, two systems 950:Gulf Cooperation Council 919:Gulf Cooperation Council 909:Gulf Cooperation Council 903:Gulf Cooperation Council 735:Red: suspended members. 625:free movement of persons 280:United States of America 5095:right to be a candidate 4925:Equality before the law 2612:Nordic Passport Union. 2398:Asia Pacific Law Review 2059:Commonwealth Government 2001:United States v. Harris 1764:In areas with declared 1691:under the terms of the 1689:entirely visa-free zone 1144:Chinese Communist Party 1057:In the mainland of the 1023:The military regime in 1013: 737:Blue: observer members. 723:Citizenship of Mercosur 246:Visa Restrictions Index 232:London Stansted Airport 4955:Freedom of information 4940:Freedom of association 4326:Gao, Yunxiang (2021). 3820:Doyle, Nicola (2006). 3752:The Schengen Agreement 2127:Hypermobility (travel) 1998:83 U.S. 36 (1873) and 1923:notwithstanding clause 1903:Constitution of Canada 1801:Military conscription. 1671: 1409: 1298:boycott against Israel 1288:, and it is not used. 1246: 1201:Basic Law of Hong Kong 1054: 922: 872: 833: 738: 633:free movement of goods 629:four economic freedoms 591:national identity card 566: 482: 319:in order to enter the 235: 32:European Single Market 5313:Human rights by issue 5267:Intersex human rights 5075:Right of self-defense 5030:Right to a fair trial 4289:102:1925 (June 1989). 4276:53:711 (Spring 2005). 4041:Rubins, Noah (1998). 3568:"OCHA Closure Update" 3530:"OCHA Closure Update" 2282:Yale University Press 2005:106 U.S. 629 (1883). 1994:Slaughter-House Cases 1776:military conscription 1683:special territory of 1669: 1578:is not a member yet; 1407: 1398:Further information: 1363:Amnesty International 1318:Travel to North Korea 1268:Human rights in Japan 1244: 1073:residents to move to 1044: 1037:Human rights in China 916: 866: 827: 730: 708:Nordic Passport Union 702:Nordic Passport Union 564: 480: 467:U.N. General Assembly 439:Edict of Emancipation 422:freedom of movement. 229: 175:Domestic restrictions 5154:Right to development 5035:Right to family life 4985:Freedom from torture 4970:Freedom from slavery 4859:Right-libertarianism 4839:Civil libertarianism 4793:Water and sanitation 4529:Moral responsibility 3790:on 27 November 2016. 3718:Constitutional Court 2963:on 2 September 2010. 2678:"The World Factbook" 2444:Passport Act of 1926 2299:Bauböck, R. (2009). 1845:Turkish Constitution 1830:criminal proceedings 1807:Russian Constitution 1736:Russian Constitution 1722:Poland requires all 1626:Thirteenth Amendment 1444:into three separate 1432:is one issue in the 1093:to those with local 623:. It is part of the 616:acquis communautaire 583:Directive 2004/38/EC 5303:Freedom of movement 4965:Freedom of religion 4960:Freedom of movement 4935:Freedom of assembly 4917:Civil and political 4849:Left-libertarianism 4844:Drug liberalization 4330:. Chapel Hill, NC: 4287:Harvard Law Review. 3573:6 July 2010 at the 3519:, 17 February 2015. 3346:. 18 December 2015. 3328:. 17 December 2015. 2978:The China Quarterly 2938:on 2 September 2010 2885:The China Quarterly 2806:The Washington Post 2754:The China Quarterly 2701:The China Quarterly 2618:European Parliament 2122:Freedoms of the air 2096:Treaty of Concordia 2055:Australian citizens 1965:Corfield v. Coryell 1915:permanent residents 1881:in a constitution. 1873:rather than formal 1774:For citizens under 1514:beginning with the 1351:Syrian Constitution 1170:policy proposed by 1162:Hong Kong and Macau 579:European Parliament 275:to aliens as well. 240:Illegal immigration 97:Common restrictions 40:Freedom of movement 5282:Right to sexuality 5159:Right to education 5085:Security of person 4980:Freedom of thought 4372:- No longer Active 4163:www.ustavni.sud.rs 3390:2013-10-19 at the 3379:2015-02-16 at the 3310:. 15 January 2016. 3308:The New York Times 3199:2012-09-23 at the 2548:on 4 February 2012 2526:Pale of Settlement 2490:The Times of India 2465:. 24 November 2016 2180:Jérémiee Gilbert, 2157:Illegal emigration 2082:, divided between 1919:affirmative action 1849:Republic of Turkey 1823:Republic of Serbia 1766:state of emergency 1734:Article 27 of The 1672: 1642:Irish Constitution 1564:citizens in France 1557:Schengen Agreement 1420:in Israel and the 1410: 1247: 1087:subsidized housing 1067:internal migration 1055: 923: 877:Common Travel Area 873: 869:Common Travel Area 859:Common Travel Area 834: 739: 567: 530:COVID-19 lockdowns 491:Article 12 of the 483: 418:in 1781 permitted 333:Home Return Permit 259:Illegal emigration 236: 5290: 5289: 5189:Right to property 5149:Right to clothing 5134:Fair remuneration 5102:Right to homeland 5050:Right to petition 4975:Freedom of speech 4867: 4866: 4524:Cognitive liberty 4416:Missing or empty 4274:Drake Law Review. 4220:978-0-906321-31-7 3765:COVID-19 pandemic 3675:978-1-138-12444-8 3120:. 21 January 2012 2078:In the island of 1948:United States law 1675:Norway (Svalbard) 1604:European citizens 1219:Inner Line Permit 1192:Chinese nationals 1166:As a part of the 1083:local governments 889:British nationals 745:alliance between 596:persona non grata 540:COVID-19 pandemic 478: 412:Holy Roman Empire 75:international law 5325: 5179:Right to housing 5113:Economic, social 5060:Right to protest 5055:Right to privacy 4894: 4887: 4880: 4871: 4870: 4551:Positive liberty 4546:Negative liberty 4503: 4496: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4441: 4440: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4419: 4414: 4412: 4404: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4362:on 17 March 2014 4358:. Archived from 4352: 4346: 4345: 4323: 4314: 4313: 4296: 4290: 4283: 4277: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4245: 4239: 4232: 4226: 4208: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4106: 4098: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4007: 3999: 3993: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3971: 3963: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3938: 3930: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3826: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3785: 3777: 3768: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3727: 3721: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3695: 3687: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3609: 3600: 3588: 3582: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3545: 3534: 3526: 3520: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3477:on 27 April 2006 3473:. Archived from 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3401: 3395: 3371: 3365: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3300: 3294: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3231: 3225: 3217: 3208: 3191: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3118:Fearless Fathers 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3090:. Archived from 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3016: 3010: 3009: 2984:(139): 644–668. 2973: 2964: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2934:. Archived from 2924: 2918: 2917: 2875: 2869: 2862: 2853: 2852: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2796: 2787: 2786: 2761:(139): 644–668. 2748: 2742: 2741: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2609: 2603: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2570:. Archived from 2564: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2544:. Archived from 2538: 2529: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2453: 2447: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2360: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2334: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2296: 2285: 2274: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2251: 2243: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2204: 2198: 2191: 2185: 2178: 2152:Transport divide 1987:Ward v. Maryland 1975:Paul v. Virginia 1886:Human Rights Act 1811:dual citizenship 1705:dual citizenship 1660:, which states: 1638:Eighth Amendment 1555:of 1948 and the 1230:scheduled tribes 1091:health insurance 1031:China (mainland) 986:Marshall Islands 980:Citizens of the 891:resident in the 479: 370:established the 307:Citizens of the 190:material witness 5333: 5332: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5257:Family planning 5242: 5233: 5209:Right of return 5169:Right to health 5117: 5114: 5106: 5070:Right to resist 5020:Right of asylum 4911: 4904: 4898: 4868: 4863: 4797: 4783:To be forgotten 4698:Internet access 4621: 4575: 4512: 4507: 4450: 4445: 4444: 4433: 4429: 4417: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4365: 4363: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4342: 4324: 4317: 4312:(6): 1178–1196. 4306:Fordham L. Rev. 4297: 4293: 4284: 4280: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4233: 4229: 4209: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4145:CIS Legislation 4139: 4138: 4134: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4100: 4099: 4095:Legislationline 4087: 4083: 4064: 4060: 4039: 4035: 4028:CIS Legislation 4022: 4021: 4017: 4001: 4000: 3996:Legislationline 3991: 3985: 3981: 3965: 3964: 3960:Legislationline 3952: 3948: 3932: 3931: 3927:Legislationline 3919: 3915: 3908:Global security 3904:"Secret cities" 3902: 3901: 3897: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3840: 3836: 3824: 3818: 3814: 3799: 3795: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3728: 3724: 3709: 3705: 3689: 3688: 3676: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3611: 3610: 3603: 3589: 3585: 3575:Wayback Machine 3566: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3402: 3398: 3392:Wayback Machine 3381:Wayback Machine 3372: 3368: 3355: 3351: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3326:The Independent 3320: 3319: 3315: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3285: 3281: 3250:10.2307/1951331 3244:(4): 980–1010. 3232: 3228: 3218: 3211: 3201:Wayback Machine 3192: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3017: 3013: 2974: 2967: 2955: 2951: 2941: 2939: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2876: 2872: 2863: 2856: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2809: 2797: 2790: 2749: 2745: 2708:(160): 818–55. 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2610: 2606: 2600:Wayback Machine 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2540: 2539: 2532: 2523: 2519: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2468: 2466: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2437: 2433: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2361: 2352: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2326: 2297: 2288: 2275: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2192: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2165: 2147:Right of return 2142:Right of asylum 2108: 2076: 2071: 2069:Central America 2043: 2038: 1970:6 Fed. Cas. 546 1944: 1938: 1899: 1894: 1863: 1841: 1819: 1732: 1724:Polish citizens 1709:Polish passport 1701: 1693:Svalbard Treaty 1677: 1650: 1618: 1549: 1544: 1504: 1466: 1402: 1396: 1344:Syrian citizens 1341: 1335: 1315: 1294: 1270: 1264: 1239: 1221: 1213:Main articles: 1211: 1164: 1111:migrant workers 1039: 1033: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1002: 978: 972: 964: 958: 911: 905: 897:Channel Islands 861: 855: 822: 816: 788: 786:Central America 736: 734: 732: 725: 719: 710: 704: 691: 685: 627:and one of the 611: 605: 559: 553: 548: 536: 528:Main articles: 526: 474: 461:(1948) and the 447: 364: 359: 261: 255: 242: 224: 177: 168:legal guardians 150: 99: 48:right to travel 44:mobility rights 35: 24: 21:Range of motion 17: 12: 11: 5: 5331: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5248: 5246: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5224:Right to water 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5199:Right of reply 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5124:Digital rights 5120: 5118: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5087: 5082: 5080:Right to truth 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4897: 4896: 4889: 4882: 4874: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4854:Libertarianism 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4566:Social liberty 4563: 4561:Self-ownership 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4541: 4531: 4526: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4506: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4449: 4448:External links 4446: 4443: 4442: 4427: 4388: 4374: 4347: 4340: 4315: 4291: 4278: 4265: 4240: 4227: 4200: 4175: 4150: 4132: 4114: 4081: 4058: 4033: 4015: 3979: 3946: 3913: 3895: 3877: 3850:(3): 385–400. 3834: 3812: 3793: 3769: 3756: 3744: 3735: 3722: 3720:(South Africa) 3703: 3674: 3654: 3629: 3601: 3583: 3557: 3546:on 6 July 2010 3521: 3506: 3488: 3462: 3450: 3441: 3430: 3421: 3409: 3396: 3366: 3349: 3331: 3313: 3295: 3279: 3226: 3209: 3183: 3157: 3131: 3105: 3075: 3054: 3011: 2965: 2949: 2919: 2870: 2854: 2819: 2788: 2743: 2690: 2669: 2648: 2623: 2604: 2593:Treaty of Rome 2585: 2574:on 18 May 2013 2559: 2530: 2517: 2515:, Book LV, 26. 2504: 2476: 2448: 2431: 2388: 2381: 2350: 2324: 2286: 2266: 2235: 2213: 2199: 2186: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2137:Right of abode 2134: 2132:Leave to enter 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2112:Border control 2107: 2104: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2051:Norfolk Island 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2029:Kent v. Dulles 1940:Main article: 1937: 1934: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1862: 1861:United Kingdom 1859: 1840: 1837: 1818: 1815: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1780: 1779: 1772: 1769: 1762: 1755: 1731: 1728: 1700: 1697: 1679:Uniquely, the 1676: 1673: 1649: 1646: 1617: 1614: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1520:National Party 1503: 1500: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1470:United Nations 1465: 1462: 1395: 1392: 1356:United Nations 1337:Main article: 1334: 1331: 1314: 1311: 1302:Kuwait Airways 1293: 1290: 1266:Main article: 1263: 1260: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1226: 1210: 1207: 1188:mainland China 1163: 1160: 1129:one-way permit 1103:tax collection 1032: 1029: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1001: 998: 974:Main article: 971: 968: 960:Main article: 957: 954: 907:Main article: 904: 901: 881:United Kingdom 857:Main article: 854: 851: 818:Main article: 815: 812: 787: 784: 721:Main article: 718: 715: 706:Main article: 703: 700: 687:Main article: 684: 681: 680: 679: 676: 675: 674: 671: 668: 665: 659: 656: 621:European Union 607:Main article: 604: 601: 571:European Union 555:Main article: 552: 551:European Union 549: 547: 544: 525: 522: 510: 509: 506: 503: 500: 489: 488: 485: 455:United Nations 446: 443: 431:Russian Empire 408: 407: 363: 360: 358: 355: 343:ethnic group. 298:Czech Republic 269:laissez-passer 257:Main article: 254: 251: 238:Main article: 223: 220: 176: 173: 149: 146: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 132: 129:identity cards 125: 98: 95: 90: 89: 86: 81:asserts that: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5330: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5229:Right to work 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5164:Right to food 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5109: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5045:Right to life 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4890: 4888: 4883: 4881: 4876: 4875: 4872: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4713:Morphological 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4612:Morphological 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4438: 4431: 4423: 4410: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4384: 4378: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4343: 4341:9781469664606 4337: 4333: 4329: 4322: 4320: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4275: 4269: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4237: 4231: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4207: 4205: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4110: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4055:(2): 545–566. 4054: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4019: 4011: 4005: 3997: 3990: 3987:Article 102. 3983: 3975: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3942: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3789: 3782: 3776: 3774: 3766: 3760: 3753: 3748: 3739: 3732: 3726: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3707: 3699: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3658: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3618: 3614: 3608: 3606: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3587: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3525: 3518: 3517: 3510: 3499: 3492: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3459: 3454: 3445: 3439: 3438:Ods Home Page 3434: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3400: 3393: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3230: 3223: 3222: 3216: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3146: 3142: 3135: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3094:on 3 May 2015 3093: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3064: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 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