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and the foiled plan by some Polish activists to start an uprising in Cracow, the partitioning powers issued a new, much more restrictive constitution: the number of senators and deputies was lowered and their competences limited, while the commissars of the partitioning powers had their competences
895:
The Free City of Cracow was an overwhelmingly Polish-speaking city-state; of its population 85% were
Catholics, 14% were Jews, while other religions comprised less than 1%. The city of Cracow itself had a Jewish population reaching nearly 40%, while the rest were almost exclusively Polish-speaking
935:. After the end of the uprising the autonomy of the Free City was severely restricted. The police were controlled by Austria and the election of the president had to be approved by all three powers. Cracow was subsequently occupied by the Austrian army from 1836 to 1841. After the unsuccessful
116:
1571:
was also curtailed. In 1835 a secret treaty between the three partitioning powers presented a plan in which in case of additional Polish unrest, Austria was given the right to occupy and annex the city. That would take place after the
913:
1591:. In 1836 the local police force was disbanded and replaced by Austrian police; in 1837 the partitioning powers curtailed the competences of the local courts which refused to bow down to their demands.
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Territory of the Free, Independent, and
Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory (orange) and its three neighbours (Kingdom of Prussia, Austrian Empire and Russian Empire)
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In 1815, its population was 95,000; as of 1843, it had a population of 146,000. 85% of them were
Catholics, 14% Jews, while other religions comprised 1%. The most notable
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1555:. The constitution was revised and expanded in 1818, establishing significant autonomy for the city. Legislative power was vested in the Assembly of Representatives (
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1250:
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1947:
1367:. It comprised the city of Kraków and its environs; the other settlements in the area administered by the Free City included 224 villages and three towns (
1942:
920:
could accept students from the partitioned territory of Poland. The Free City thus became a centre of Polish political activity on the territories of
909:
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The map of Europe by treaty; showing the various political and territorial changes which have taken place since the general peace of 1814
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1967:
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17:
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1799:, Developments in International Law Series, vol. 27 (illustrated ed.), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, p.
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1952:
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991:
1754:
Austrian
History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, p. 46/47 (table III)
1355:
river). At is smallest, the city encompassed an area of 1164 to 1234 km (sources vary). It bordered the
1176:
1153:
530:
518:
1957:
1421:, attracting new enterprises and immigrants, which resulted in impressive growth of the city. Weavers from
1148:
880:), and was a centre of agitation for an independent Poland. In 1846, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful
1244:
Granting of the constitution of the Free City of Kraków, 1815–1818. (Painting from the mid-19th century).
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Location of the Free, Independent, and
Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory within Europe
30:
This article is about the real-life city-state from 1815–1846. For the tabletop role-playing game, see
1875:
1439:
1433:, but with Austria's annexation of the Free City came a significant drop in Prussian textile exports.
1972:
1208:
535:
1669:
variant of name Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in
English to the historical Free City.
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at the same time, revised and expanded in 1818, establishing significant autonomy for the city. The
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The statelet received an initial constitution in 1815 which had mainly been devised by Prince
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of 1830–1831, Kraków was a base for the smuggling of weapons into the
Russian-controlled
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5 groszy coin displaying the coat of arms of the Free City, and 1 złoty coin of 1835.
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of 1846, the Free City was annexed by
Austria on 16 November 1846 as the
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Free, Independent, and
Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory
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43:
Free, Independent, and
Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory
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outlet to avoid tariff barriers along the borders of Austria and the
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The Free City of Cracow was created from the southwest part of the
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Wolne, Niepodległe i Ściśle Neutralne Miasto Kraków i jego Okręg
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Censuses of the Austro-Hungarian Statistical Central Commission
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Wolne, Niepodległe i Ściśle Neutralne Miasto Kraków z Okręgiem
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Developments in International Law: Sources of Internat'l
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commercial and criminal law. The official language was
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892:among the three states after the Congress in 1815.
1924:
1821:, Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, p. 262,
1948:States and territories disestablished in 1846
1594:The Free City of Cracow was the first purely
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904:The Free City was approved and guaranteed by
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1501:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1311:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
910:Treaty between Austria, Prussia, and Russia
857:in 1815, which included the Polish city of
1943:States and territories established in 1815
1842:, London: Butterworths. (No. 12), p.
1547:, first President of the Senate 1815–1831.
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1752:The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna.
1521:Learn how and when to remove this message
1331:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1116:Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
1111:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth
912:of 3 May 1815. The statelet received an
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323:1,188.8 km (459.0 sq mi)
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1617:Former countries in Europe after 1815
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1499:adding citations to reliable sources
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1425:had often used the Free City as a
1273:Geography, population, and economy
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1562:In 1833, in the aftermath of the
1938:1846 disestablishments in Europe
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1933:1815 establishments in Europe
1795:Degan, Vladimir Đuro (1997),
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1612:History of Poland (1795–1918)
1177:Republic of Central Lithuania
1154:Military Government of Lublin
841:, more commonly known as the
27:Polish city state (1815–1846)
1817:Feuchtwanger, E. J. (1970),
1750:, cited in Anson Rabinbach,
1149:Government General of Warsaw
7:
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1078:Union of Hungary and Poland
861:and its surrounding areas.
550:Prehistory and protohistory
10:
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1093:Union of Poland and Saxony
1057:Polish government-in-exile
1012:Congress Kingdom of Poland
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773:Timeline of Polish history
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1819:Prussia: Myth and Reality
1579:The law was based on the
1037:Regency Kingdom of Poland
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1351:on the left bank of the
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1047:Polish Underground State
1876:Encyclopædia Britannica
1394:, who had a mansion in
1083:Polish–Lithuanian union
918:Jagiellonian University
643:Early elective monarchy
610:10th century–1385
212:President of the Senate
205:Constitutional republic
32:The Free City of Krakow
1953:19th century in Poland
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1553:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
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1263:"Rzeź galicyjska") by
1042:Second Polish Republic
47:
1909:50.06167°N 19.93722°E
1627:Grand Duchy of Krakow
1581:Napoleonic civil code
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1032:Grand Duchy of Kraków
1022:Grand Duchy of Poznań
941:Grand Duchy of Kraków
526:Territorial evolution
396:Grand Duchy of Kraków
160:Common languages
1871:"Republic of Kraków"
1865:at Wikimedia Commons
1569:Freedom of the press
1495:improve this section
1401:The Free City was a
1347:(part of the former
1305:improve this section
1088:Polish–Swedish union
1002:Partitions of Poland
914:initial constitution
1963:Free City of Kraków
1905: /
1863:Free City of Kraków
1683:Wolne Miasto Kraków
1557:Izba Reprezentantów
1415:economic liberalism
1182:Free City of Danzig
1133:Occupational powers
1027:Free City of Kraków
843:Free City of Cracow
616:Jagiellonian period
562:Bronze and Iron Age
18:Free City of Kraków
1914:50.06167; 19.93722
1691:Freie Stadt Krakau
1632:Galician slaughter
1598:government in the
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1538:Stanisław Wodzicki
1417:and supporters of
1409:, it had very low
1361:Kingdom of Prussia
1257:Galician slaughter
1159:General Government
1062:Republic of Poland
922:partitioned Poland
866:jointly controlled
855:Congress of Vienna
847:Republic of Cracow
799:History portal
688:Partitioned Poland
653:Deluge and decline
231:Stanisław Wodzicki
1958:History of Kraków
1861:Media related to
1838:(1875), "No.15",
1779:Feuchtwanger 1970
1600:history of Poland
1564:November Uprising
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226:• 1815–1831
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1836:Hertslet, Edward
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1171:Miscellaneous
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1493:Please help
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1303:Please help
1291:
1267:(1795–1871).
1260:
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1139:Vistula Land
926:
903:
894:
888:, which was
863:
846:
842:
838:
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745:Contemporary
718:World War II
634:Early Modern
606:Piast period
504:Coat of arms
489:Polonization
365:Succeeded by
364:
359:
345:
343:Kraków złoty
337:
335:Polish zloty
319:• Total
131:Protectorate
94:Coat of arms
36:
1978:City-states
1912: /
1883:12 December
1541: [
1396:Krzeszowice
1265:Jan Lewicki
1121:Intermarium
927:During the
906:Article VII
896:Catholics.
890:partitioned
757:1989–
698:World War I
585:Middle Ages
484:Polonophile
457:History of
360:Preceded by
346:(from 1835)
273:Established
248:Legislature
234: [
1927:Categories
1900:19°56′14″E
1869:EB staff,
1789:References
1736:Degan 1997
1723:References
1596:republican
1567:expanded.
1427:contraband
1390:family of
845:, and the
278:3 May 1815
201:Government
169:(official)
1897:50°3′42″N
1576:of 1846.
1482:does not
1377:Nowa Góra
1373:Trzebinia
1292:does not
567:Antiquity
557:Stone Age
536:Statehood
338:(to 1835)
187:Religion
64:1815–1846
1606:See also
1463:Politics
1392:magnates
1384:szlachta
1369:Chrzanów
1363:and the
1144:Ober Ost
1105:Proposed
951:a series
949:Part of
849:, was a
509:Monarchs
448:a series
446:Part of
328:Currency
155:(Kraków)
1503:removed
1488:sources
1388:Potocki
1353:Vistula
1313:removed
1298:sources
908:of the
900:History
878:Austria
874:Prussia
864:It was
759:present
297:•
284:•
271:•
258:History
195:Judaism
173:Yiddish
149:Capital
139:Prussia
135:Austria
1878:online
1825:
1807:
1710:German
1702:Polish
1687:German
1679:Polish
1667:Polish
1651:Polish
1589:Polish
1585:French
1407:duties
1359:, the
1261:Polish
973:Poland
876:, and
870:Russia
859:Cracow
680:Modern
477:Topics
459:Poland
450:on the
435:Poland
261:
216:
178:German
167:Polish
153:Cracow
143:Russia
141:, and
127:Status
55:Polish
51:
1638:Notes
1545:]
1411:taxes
238:]
1885:2012
1823:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1665:The
1583:and
1486:any
1484:cite
1375:and
1296:any
1294:cite
837:The
519:Wars
499:Name
494:Flag
313:Area
80:Flag
1844:127
1801:378
1497:by
1379:).
1307:by
133:of
1929::
1873:,
1803:,
1759:^
1712::
1708:;
1704::
1689::
1685:;
1681::
1653::
1602:.
1543:pl
1398:.
1371:,
953:on
943:.
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236:pl
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1518:(
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1328:(
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1319:(
1315:.
1301:.
1259:(
1224:e
1217:t
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826:e
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812:v
57:)
53:(
34:.
20:)
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