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1732:(笛子), or Chinese flute, with different sizes, structures (with or without a resonance membrane) and number of holes (from 6 to 11) and intonations (different keys). Most are made of bamboo, but can come in wood, jade, bone, and iron. One peculiar feature of the Chinese flute is the use of a resonance membrane mounted on one of the holes that vibrates with the air column inside the tube. This membrane is called a
1623:
1230:
1106:". The former Hebrew term is believed by some to refer to a wind instrument, or wind instruments in general, the latter to a stringed instrument, or stringed instruments in general. As such, Jubal is regarded in the Judeo-Christian tradition as the inventor of the flute (a word used in some translations of this biblical passage). In other sections of the Bible (1
1913:
1904:) is a relatively small, end-blown flute with a nasal tone quality found in the Caucasus region of Eastern Armenia. It is made of wood or cane, usually with seven finger holes and one thumb hole, producing a diatonic scale. One Armenian musicologist believes the sring to be the most characteristic of national Armenian instruments.
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962:
and a short distance from the oldest known human carving. On announcing the discovery, scientists suggested that the "finds demonstrate the presence of a well-established musical tradition at the time when modern humans colonized Europe". Scientists have also suggested that this flute's discovery may
1669:
of
Southern India. Presently, the eight-holed flute with cross-fingering technique is common among many Carnatic flutists. Prior to this, the South Indian flute had only seven finger holes, with the fingering standard developed by Sharaba Shastri, of the Palladam school, at the beginning of the 20th
1184:
Head joint geometry appears particularly critical to acoustic performance and tone, but there is no clear consensus among manufacturers on a particular shape. Acoustic impedance of the embouchure hole appears the most critical parameter. Critical variables affecting this acoustic impedance include:
1192:
A study in which professional flutists were blindfolded could find no significant differences between flutes made from a variety of metals. In two different sets of blind listening, no flute was correctly identified in a first listening, and in a second, only the silver flute was identified. The
2876:
Scientists say they've found what they consider to be the earliest handcrafted musical instrument in a cave in southwest
Germany, less than a yard away from the oldest-known carving of a human. The flute fragments as well as the ivory figurine of a 'prehistoric Venus' date back more than 35,000
1251:
In its most basic form, a flute is an open tube which is blown into. After focused study and training, players use controlled air-direction to create an airstream in which the air is aimed downward into the tone hole of the flute's headjoint. There are several broad classes of flutes. With most
690:
According to historian
Alexander Buchner, there were flutes in Europe in prehistoric times, but they disappeared from the continent until flutes arrived from Asia by way of "North Africa, Hungary, and Bohemia". The end-blown flute began to be seen in illustration in the 11th century. Transverse
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3940:
1481:, who helped greatly improve the instrument's dynamic range and intonation over its predecessors. With some refinements (and the rare exception of the Kingma system and other custom adapted fingering systems), Western concert flutes typically conform to Boehm's design, known as the
1472:
is positioned near the top, and the flutist blows across it. The flute has circular tone holes larger than the finger holes of its baroque predecessors. The size and placement of tone holes, key mechanism, and fingering system used to produce the notes in the flute's
2252:
Thirty-two tubular horizontal flutes were discovered in Caral ... made with pelican and condor bones could produce seven different sounds ... the discoveries at Caral proved that music was an integral part of the ritual life of the Andean people 5000 years
2877:
years, the researchers report ... the real prize is a nearly complete flute hollowed out from the bone of a griffon vulture ... found in the Hohle Fels cave, just 28 inches (70 centimeters) away from the spot where the prehistoric Venus ... was found
612:. While the oldest flutes currently known were found in Europe, Asia also has a long history with the instrument. A playable bone flute discovered in China is dated to about 9,000 years ago. The Americas also had an ancient flute culture, with instruments found in
1934:
2181:
Higham, Thomas; Basell, Laura; Jacobi, Roger; Wood, Rachel; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Conard, Nicholas J. (2012). "Τesting models for the beginnings of the
Aurignacian and the advent of figurative art and music: The radiocarbon chronology of Geißenklösterle".
1485:. Beginner's flutes are made of nickel, silver, or brass that is silver-plated, while professionals use solid silver, gold, and sometimes even platinum flutes. There are also modern wooden-bodied flutes usually with silver or gold keywork. The wood is usually
662:
called the cross flute (Sanskrit: vāṃśī) "the outstanding wind instrument of ancient India", and said that religious artwork depicting "celestial music" instruments was linked to music with an "aristocratic character". The Indian bamboo cross flute,
3553:
Paper authored by
Avinash Balkrishna Patwardhan unveiling the fundamental principles governing Indian classical music by research on Bharata Muni's Natya Shastra at the National Symposium on Acoustics (1998), ITC Sangeet Research Academy, Calcutta,
1382:
are closed-ended. Open-ended flutes such as the concert flute and the recorder have more harmonics, and thus more flexibility for the player, and brighter timbres. An organ pipe may be either open or closed, depending on the sound desired.
1185:
the length of the chimney (the hole between the lip-plate and the head tube), chimney diameter, and radii or curvature of the ends of the chimney and any designed restriction in the "throat" of the instrument, such as that in the
Japanese
1874:, located in the Indian Ocean off southeastern Africa. One of the oldest instruments on the island, it bears close resemblance to end-blown flutes found in Southeast Asia and particularly Indonesia, where it is known as the
1880:, suggesting the predecessor to the sodina was carried to Madagascar in outrigger canoes by the island's original settlers emigrating from Borneo. An image of the most celebrated contemporary sodina flutist,
1351:. The player of a side-blown flute uses a hole on the side of the tube to produce a tone, instead of blowing on an end of the tube. End-blown flutes should not be confused with fipple flutes such as the
1434:
Usually in D, wooden transverse flutes were played in
European classical music mainly in the period from the early 18th century to the early 19th century. As such, the instrument is often indicated as
3091:
Judith Cohen, "Review of 'Music in
Ancient Israel/Palestine: Archaeological, Written, and Comparative Sources', by Joachim Braun". Min-Ad: Israel Studies in Musicology Online. Vol. 3. (2004).
1294:. The fipple gives the instrument a distinct timbre which is different from non-fipple flutes and makes the instrument easier to play, but takes a degree of control away from the musician.
651:, often of bamboo) in the 12th–11th centuries BC, followed by the chi (or ch'ih) in the 9th century BC and the yüeh in the 8th century BC. Of these, the bamboo chi is the oldest documented
1968:. Diaphragmatic breathing optimizes inhalation, minimizing the number of breaths. Circular breathing brings air in through the nose and out through the mouth, enabling a continuous sound.
1952:
is played. It is skillfully carved from wood/bamboo or metal and is played by blowing air into one end while covering and uncovering holes along the body to create different notes.
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along with 29 similar specimens. They were made from the wing bones of red-crowned cranes and each has five to eight holes. The earliest extant
Chinese transverse flute is a
925:
and dated to about 43,000 years ago. It may be the oldest flute discovered, but this has been disputed. In 2008, a flute dated to at least 35,000 years ago was discovered in
1701:
1130:
4000–1200 BC) and the Iron Age (1200–586 BC), the latter era "witness the creation of the
Israelite kingdom and its separation into the two kingdoms of Israel and Judea."
1252:
flutes, the musician blows directly across the edge of the mouthpiece, with 1/4 of their bottom lip covering the embouchure hole. However, some flutes, such as the
600:
with hand-bored holes are the earliest known identifiable musical instruments. A number of flutes dating to about 53,000 to 45,000 years ago have been found in the
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553:
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4 Aerophones The air itself is the vibrator in the primary sense ... 421 Edge instruments or flutes a narrow stream of air is directed against an edge
2538:
1438:. Gradually marginalized by the Western concert flute in the 19th century, baroque flutes were again played from the late 20th century as part of the
2226:"Brookhaven Lab Expert Helps Date Flute Thought to be Oldest Playable Musical Instrument, Bone flute found in China at 9,000-year-old Neolithic site"
1153:
A flute produces sound when a stream of air directed across a hole in the instrument creates a vibration of air at the hole. The airstream creates a
3948:
Conard, Nicholas J.; Malina, Maria; Münzel, Susanne C. (August 2009). "New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany".
4302:
1646:
is traditionally considered a master of the bamboo flute. The Indian flutes are very simple compared to the Western counterparts; they are made of
2927:
2767:
Nicholas J. Conard; Maria Malina; Susanne C. Münzel (August 2009). "New Flutes Document the Earliest Musical Tradition in Southwestern Germany".
3722:
Buchanan, Donna A. 2001. "Bulgaria §II: Traditional Music, 2: Characteristics of Pre-Socialist Musical Culture, 1800–1944, (iii): Instruments".
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and were depicted in Greek art about 800 AD. The transverse flute had spread into Europe by way of Germany, and was known as the German flute.
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In a regional dialect of Gujarati, a flute is also called Pavo. Some people can also play pair of flutes (Jodiyo Pavo) simultaneously.
1819:
546:
1779:, 대금, is a large bamboo transverse flute used in traditional Korean music. It has a buzzing membrane that gives it a unique timbre.
1390:
may be played one resonator at a time (as is typical with pan pipes) or more than one at a time (as is typical with double flutes).
1193:
study concluded that there was "no evidence that the wall material has any appreciable effect on the sound color or dynamic range".
2750:
2487:
2322:(c. 400 B.C.) says the ch'ih was made of bamboo, its length was 16 inches, one hole opened upwards, and it was blown transversely.
1393:
Flutes can be played with several different air sources. Conventional flutes are blown with the mouth, although some cultures use
631:
has a long history, especially in China and India. Flutes have been discovered in historical records and artworks starting in the
3095:
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Banshi ... \transverse flute ... made from bamboo with six finger holes ... known as Lord Krishna's instrument.
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flutes that are used occasionally, and are pitched a perfect fourth and an octave below the concert flute, respectively. The
578:, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In the
1711:
developed a methodology to produce perfectly tuned flutes for the ten 'thatas' currently present in Indian Classical Music.
1165:
of the sound produced by opening and closing holes in the body of the instrument, thus changing the effective length of the
4035:
2969:
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539:
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Other sizes of flutes and piccolos are used from time to time. A rarer instrument of the modern pitching system is the G
1500:
or one half step lower when a B foot is attached. This means that the concert flute is one of the highest-pitched common
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1960:
There are several means by which flautists breathe to blow air through the instrument and produce sound. They include
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2069:"Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann"
1439:
1066:, an epic poem whose development spanned the period from about 2100–600 BC. A set of cuneiform tablets knows as the "
3682:, edited by Abel Oghlukian. Montreal: Ganatahayots' Aṛajnordarani "K'ristonēakan Usman ew Astuatsabanut'ean Kedron".
1173:. By varying the air pressure, a flutist can also change the pitch by causing the air in the flute to resonate at a
1126:", from the root word for "hollow". Archeological digs in the Holy Land have discovered flutes from the Bronze Age (
4359:
3114:
947:, in August 2009. This was the oldest confirmed musical instrument ever found, until a redating of flutes found in
775:(to blow, inflate) have been called "phonologically impossible" or "inadmissable". The first known use of the word
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1387:
974:
2698:
30:
This article is about the whole family of instruments. For the flute commonly used in orchestras and bands, see
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3818:. Evanston, Illinois: Summy-Birchard Inc. Revised edition 1973, Princeton, New Jersey and Evanston, Illinois.
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2032:
1708:
1352:
1265:
426:
1070:" provide precise tuning instructions for seven scales of a stringed instrument (assumed to be a Babylonian
803:
A musician who plays any instrument in the flute family can be called a flutist, flautist, or flute player.
3998:
3891:
2546:
3731:
3666:
3439:, translated by Dayton C. Miller, with a new introduction by Samuel Baron. New York: Dover Publications.
1386:
Flutes may have any number of pipes or tubes, though one is the most common number. Flutes with multiple
3872:
Maclagan, Susan J. "A Dictionary for the Modern Flutist", 2009, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press.
3356:
1465:, a descendant of the medieval German flute, is a transverse treble flute that is closed at the top. An
1571:. Instruments made according to an older pitch standard, used principally in wind-band music, include D
1018:
3802:
The complete guide to the flute and piccolo: From acoustics and construction to repair and maintenance
3421:
3035:
5149:
1306:
2624:
1536:
plays an octave higher than the regular treble flute. Lower members of the flute family include the
1524:
1217:. Silver is less common than silver alloys. Other materials used for flutes include gold, platinum,
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17:
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Grakan nshkhark' Komitas Vardapeti beghun grch'ēn: npast mē Komitas Vardapeti srbadasman harts'in
3564:
3299:
1961:
1557:
212:
608:, indicating a developed musical tradition from the earliest period of modern human presence in
4320:
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2671:
1635:
35:
3519:
Abram, David; Guides, Rough; Edwards, Nick; Ford, Mike; Sen, Devdan; Wooldridge, Beth (2004).
998:
bones were excavated a decade earlier from the same cave and dated to about 36,000 years ago.
5087:
4848:
4525:
4010:
16 Feet World's Longest Playble Flute New World Record by DM Office, Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh.
2465:, second edition. 20 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
2012:
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2310:"Ancient Chinese Musical Instrument's Depicted On Some Of The Early Monuments In The Museum"
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1657:(बांसुरी), has six finger holes and one embouchure hole, and is used predominantly in the
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62:
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dated to c. 2600–2700 BC. Flutes are mentioned in a recently translated tablet of the
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flutes are other rare forms of the flute pitched up to four octaves below middle C.
1205:, bamboo, wood, or other organic materials. They were also made of glass, bone, and
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but have an internal duct to direct the air flow across the edge of the tone hole.
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1119:
1041:
bamboo with closed ends and has five stops on the flute's side instead of the top.
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141:
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2203:
1810:, encompasses a large number of musical flutes from Japan, include the end-blown
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1319:
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have a duct that directs the air onto the edge (an arrangement that is termed a "
1158:
1089:
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648:
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1145:
as Indian literature from 1500 BC has made vague references to the cross flute.
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4223:
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1405:, which are acoustically similar to duct flutes, are blown by bellows or fans.
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1235:
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1115:
1111:
757:
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472:
3936:
Pair of ivory flutes by Johann Wilhelm Oberlender, mid-18th century, Nuremberg
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used to make it, and it is generally agreed that the best bamboo grows in the
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436:
148:
88:
3341:
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or Pullanguzhal, has eight finger holes, and is played predominantly in the
1419:
1014:
771:
still shares the two meanings. Attempts to trace the word back to the Latin
5118:
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2042:
1982:
1758:
1738:, which is usually a thin tissue paper. It gives the flute a bright sound.
1631:
1568:
1505:
1482:
1328:
1202:
1034:
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891:
644:
639:
1046–256 BC). The oldest written sources reveal the Chinese were using the
632:
628:
601:
365:
4883:
3437:
The Flute and Flute-Playing in Acoustical, Technical, and Artistic Aspects
2109:
Wilford, John N. (24 June 2009). "Flutes Offer Clues to Stone-Age Music".
1511:
937:. It is a five-holed flute with a V-shaped mouthpiece and was made from a
390:
4961:
4903:
4843:
4778:
4609:
4462:
4457:
4415:
4232:
4121:
3921:
Walking Stick Flute and Oboe, Georg Henrich Scherer, Butzbach, c. 1750–57
3789:
Loewy, Andrea Kapell. 1990. "Frederick the Great: Flutist and composer".
2431:
1997:
1941:
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2002:
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Two main varieties of Indian flutes are currently used. The first, the
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Reprinted 1990, London: Kahn & Averill London: Khan & Averill
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1827:
1610:
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help to explain "the probable behavioural and cognitive gulf between"
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4788:
4783:
4713:
4420:
4045:
3739:
Extant Medieval Musical Instruments: A Provisional Catalogue by Types
3168:
1948:. The ọjà (flute) is used during cultural activities or events where
1839:
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158:
123:
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3995:
Resources on flute acoustics from the University of New South Wales.
1492:
The standard concert flute is pitched in C and has a range of three
986:
tusk and dated to 30,000–37,000 years ago, was found in 2004 in the
5050:
5023:
4878:
4858:
4798:
4751:
4726:
4663:
4651:
4614:
4599:
4445:
3657:
Pahlevanian, Alina. (2001). "Armenia §I: Folk Music, 3: Epics", in
3422:
https://www.yamaha.com/en/musical_instrument_guide/flute/selection/
2970:"The early development of music. Analysis of the Jiahu bone flutes"
2084:
2017:
1835:
1815:
1802:
1586:(Keyed a minor 3rd above the standard C flute), F alto flute, and B
1497:
1257:
1206:
1174:
1141:, and the cross flute believed by several accounts to originate in
1043:
922:
621:
571:
415:
375:
350:
295:
285:
183:
98:
78:
47:
1831:
1689:
The quality of the flute's sound depends somewhat on the specific
1137:(shin bones). The flute has also always been an essential part of
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University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
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dates back to at least 1603, the earliest quotation cited by the
668:
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385:
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355:
310:
305:
270:
188:
118:
83:
2258:
1761:(簫), which is a different category of wind instrument in China.
1161:(usually cylindrical) within the flute. The flutist changes the
5055:
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4918:
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4818:
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2621:
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language
1885:
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1742:
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320:
260:
243:
153:
128:
4472:
3488:
Caudhurī, Vimalakānta Rôya; Roychaudhuri, Bimalakanta (2000).
3007:
Xun Xu and the Politics of Precision in Third-Century AD China
2968:
Zhang, Juzhong; Xiao, Xinghua; Lee, Yun Kuen (December 2004).
2358:. Katmandu, Nepal: Nepali Folk Instrument Museum. p. 45.
2343:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 158–159, 180.
4838:
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4828:
4813:
4793:
4673:
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4631:
4594:
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2859:
1987:
1977:
1897:
1741:
Commonly seen flutes in the modern Chinese orchestra are the
1734:
1639:
1348:
1336:
1332:
1142:
1134:
1030:
1026:
1006:
914:
672:
613:
497:
405:
395:
300:
255:
238:
228:
218:
3830:
The Flute Book: A Complete Guide for Students and Performers
3374:
Widholm, G.; Linortner, R.; Kausel, W.; Bertsch, M. (2001).
4863:
4487:
2705:. University of Wisconsin, Board of Regents. Archived from
2319:
1870:
is an end-blown flute found throughout the island state of
1746:
1662:
1605:
1071:
995:
951:
cave revealed them to be older, at 42,000 to 43,000 years.
617:
370:
345:
315:
280:
193:
113:
825:, after being adopted during the 18th century from Italy (
4641:
4144:
2417:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 287–288.
2298:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 178–179.
1324:
1047:, traditionally said to have been compiled and edited by
930:
3914:
A selection of historic flutes from around the world at
3848:
Second Edition 1996, New York: Oxford University Press.
1638:, and developed independently of the Western flute. The
978:
Bone flute made of a goat's tibia, 11th–13th century AD.
767:
has the same linguistic root, and the modern Dutch verb
3860:
Proper Flute Playing: A Companion to the Practice Books
2573:
Oxford English Dictionary (British & World English)
1757:(大笛). The bamboo flute played vertically is called the
1005:(literally, "bone flute") was excavated from a tomb in
3518:
2651:
Random House Dictionary and Collins English Dictionary
2180:
1912:
1515:
Grenadilla wood piccolo with a modified wave headjoint
941:
wing bone. The discovery was published in the journal
570:
is a member of a family of musical instruments in the
3487:
2457:
Simpson, J. A. and Weiner, E. S. C. (eds.), "flute,
2067:
von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Sachs, Curt (March 1961).
1940:
is a traditional musical instrument utilized by the
1054:
The earliest written reference to a flute is from a
982:
An 18.7 cm flute with three holes, made from a
954:
The Hohle Fels flute is one of several found in the
890:
Chinese women playing flutes, from the 12th-century
3653:
3651:
3376:"Silver, gold, platinum—and the sound of the flute"
2066:
837:. Other English terms, now virtually obsolete, are
4043:
3947:
3755:. Yehudi Menuhin Music Guides. London: Macdonald.
3380:Proc. International Symposium on Musical Acoustics
3129:
3093:http://www.biu.ac.il/hu/mu/min-ad04/BraunRev-2.pdf
3004:
2156:
2154:
1209:. Most modern flutes are made of metal, primarily
707:first appeared in the English language during the
1157:or siphon. This excites the air contained in the
5136:
3804:, second edition. : Burkart-Phelan, Inc., 2004.
3648:
3586:
2916:"Archeologists discover ice age dwellers' flute"
2696:
2453:
2451:
2449:
1201:Historically, flutes were most commonly made of
833:), like many musical terms in England since the
3797:(1712–1786) was a composer and patron of music.
3724:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
3659:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
3399:Encyclopedia of physical science and technology
1800:
1096:as being the "father of all those who play the
679:appeared in reliefs from the 1st century AD at
3908:from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History at
3058:
3056:
3036:"The Development of Flutes in Europe and Asia"
4353:
4029:
3694:"Top 10 Igbo Traditional Musical Instruments"
3065:"Flutes of Gilgamesh and Ancient Mesopotamia"
2446:
2380:
2378:
2347:
1626:An eight-holed classical Indian bamboo flute.
1301:) flutes, such as the Western concert flute,
1181:without opening or closing any of the holes.
586:. A musician who plays the flute is called a
547:
3902:. Oxford University Press. (by subscription)
3491:The Dictionary of Hindustani Classical Music
3087:
3085:
2543:Oxford English Dictionary (American English)
2267:"The Development of Flutes in North America"
1362:Flutes may be open at one or both ends. The
698:
3401:(3rd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.
3171:: Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. p. 7.
3062:
3053:
3033:
1297:Another division is between side-blown (or
4360:
4346:
4036:
4022:
3623:
3160:
2481:
2479:
2387:Colour Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments
2375:
779:was in the 14th century. According to the
554:
540:
3130:Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (2000).
3082:
2985:
2408:
2406:
671:, who is depicted with the instrument in
4932:
3926:Glass flute, Claude Laurent, Paris, 1813
3574:"Jodiyo Pavo by Mubarak Ali Husain 2016"
2426:
2424:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2289:
2287:
2176:
2174:
1911:
1853:
1672:
1621:
1609:
1523:
1510:
1449:
1418:
1228:
973:
42:
4367:
3741:. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
3460:The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
3110:Strong's Hebrew Concordance, "chalil".
2890:"Flutes Offer Clues to Stone-Age Music"
2476:
2384:
2158:"Flutes Offer Clues to Stone-Age Music"
2108:
1955:
1677:Cipriano Garcia playing a flute of the
1033:, dating from 433 BC, during the later
917:, with two to four holes, was found at
14:
5137:
4501:
3832:. New York: Charles's Scribners Sons.
3456:
3396:
3272:
2824:
2822:
2748:BBC: 'Oldest musical instrument' found
2403:
2102:
990:cave near Ulm, in the southern German
574:group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are
4341:
4017:
3793:30 (1): 117–125. JSTOR 40374049. The
3692:Simwa, Adrianna (22 September 2017).
3691:
3467:: Taylor & Francis. p. 354.
3323:
3222:
3191:
3112:http://biblesuite.com/hebrew/2485.htm
2676:The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
2421:
2412:
2353:
2338:
2327:
2293:
2284:
2171:
1728:In China there are many varieties of
1408:
3941:Flute by Garion, Paris, c. 1720–1740
3626:"Le billet Rakoto Frah vaut de l'or"
3592:
2757:. BBC News. Retrieved on 2013-08-10.
2389:. New York: Hamlyn. pp. 64–65.
2264:
1849:
1528:Center: Piccolo. Right: larger flute
1122:48:36) the flute is referred to as "
3840:Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
3498:: Motilal Banarsidass Publication.
2830:"'Oldest musical instrument' found"
2819:
2155:John Noble Wilford (24 June 2009).
1661:of Northern India. The second, the
1519:
1429:
1133:Some early flutes were made out of
24:
4712:
3931:Porcelain flute, Saxony, 1760–1790
3685:
3233:: Read Country Books. p. 36.
3140:: Popular Prakashan. p. 125.
2415:The History of Musical Instruments
2341:The History of Musical Instruments
2296:The History of Musical Instruments
1477:were evolved from 1832 to 1847 by
1001:A playable 9,000-year-old Chinese
620:, dating back 5,000 years and in
582:classification system, flutes are
25:
5161:
3884:
3771:(pbk.) New York: Schirmer Books.
3624:Maminirina, Rado (15 July 2011).
3357:"Acoustic impedance of the flute"
3354:
3275:"Introduction to flute acoustics"
3226:Choreographic Music for the Dance
2924:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2485:
2228:. Brookhaven National Laboratory.
1440:historically informed performance
1074:). One of those scales is named "
3522:The Rough Guide to South India 3
3361:Flute acoustics: an introduction
2930:from the original on 28 May 2009
2265:Goss, Clint (22 November 2019).
1925:
883:
867:
4001:Polish folk musical instruments
3734:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
3715:
3672:
3669:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
3617:
3557:
3547:
3512:
3481:
3450:
3426:
3415:
3397:Meyers, Robert A., ed. (2002).
3390:
3367:
3348:
3317:
3292:
3266:
3247:
3216:
3185:
3164:How to Play Flute & Shehnai
3154:
3123:
3104:
3027:
2998:
2961:
2942:
2908:
2882:
2848:
2760:
2740:
2721:
2690:
2664:
2639:
2609:
2591:
2561:
2531:
2506:
2434:. The Free Dictionary By Farlex
1884:(d. 2001), was featured on the
1793:The Japanese flute, called the
687:from the 2nd–4th centuries AD.
624:dating back about 7,500 years.
3916:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
3910:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
3202:: Ayer Publishing. p. 7.
2862:. 24 June 2009. Archived from
2746:Ghosh, Pallab. (25 June 2009)
2697:Tenenbaum, David (June 2000).
2302:
2232:
2218:
2060:
1634:is an important instrument in
737:, or possibly from Old French
691:flutes entered Europe through
13:
1:
3593:Shaw, Geo (8 November 1879).
2053:
2033:Recorder (musical instrument)
1775:The Korean flute, called the
1709:Avinash Balkrishna Patwardhan
1127:
794:
636:
3726:, second edition, edited by
3661:, second edition, edited by
3263:, UNSW. Retrieved June 2007.
2737:, UCLA. Retrieved June 2007.
2488:"Is it flutist or flautist?"
2356:Musical Instruments of Nepal
2242:. Metropolitan Museum of Art
2240:"Music in the Ancient Andes"
2204:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.03.003
1818:, as well as the transverse
1196:
1148:
7:
3678:Komitas, Vardapet. (1994).
3632:(in French). Archived from
3005:Goodman, Howard L. (2010).
2385:Buchner, Alexander (1980).
1971:
1801:
1782:
845:(17th and 18th centuries).
10:
5166:
3595:"Music among the Malagasy"
3161:Chaturvedi, Mamta (2001).
3133:Students' Britannica India
2354:Kadel, Ram Prasad (2007).
2184:Journal of Human Evolution
2073:The Galpin Society Journal
1786:
1768:
1721:
1717:
1599:
1445:
1412:
1019:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
1017:) flute discovered in the
852:
848:
841:(15th–19th centuries) and
29:
5096:
5041:
5004:
4769:
4578:
4379:
4274:
4221:
4170:
4157:
4132:
4084:
4065:
4056:
3906:Essay on the Jiahu flutes
3382:: 277–280. Archived from
3192:Morse, Constance (1968).
3098:19 September 2020 at the
2987:10.1017/s0003598x00113432
2958:. BBC. 23 September 1999.
2603:Oxford English Dictionary
2463:Oxford English Dictionary
1764:
1595:
909:A fragment of a juvenile
896:Night Revels of Han Xizai
809:Oxford English Dictionary
781:Oxford English Dictionary
699:Etymology and terminology
5104:Chinese folk flute music
3816:The Art of Flute Playing
3737:Crane, Frederick. 1972.
3326:"Anatomy of a Headjoint"
3117:17 February 2013 at the
2733:1 September 2006 at the
1944:, who are indigenous to
1891:
1618:eight-holed bamboo flute
1355:, which are also played
1224:
1051:, mentions chi flutes.
643:(a reed instrument) and
3791:College Music Symposium
3698:Legit.ng – Nigeria news
3457:Arnold, Alison (2000).
2954:15 January 2009 at the
1962:diaphragmatic breathing
1681:culture. Photograph by
1288:"). These are known as
1243:instrument and type of
994:. Two flutes made from
4111:412.2. Non-idiophonic
3324:Spell, Eldred (1983).
3259:13 August 2010 at the
3195:Music and Music-makers
2753:1 October 2010 at the
2151:. Citation on p. 248.
1917:
1907:
1863:
1686:
1636:Indian classical music
1627:
1619:
1529:
1516:
1458:
1426:
1248:
1169:and its corresponding
979:
604:region of present-day
51:
36:Flute (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
4849:Native American flute
3814:Putnik, Edwin. 1970.
3800:Phelan, James, 2004.
3751:Galway, James. 1982.
3630:Express de Madagascar
3533:. pp. 670, 671.
3223:Arvey, Verna (2007).
2013:Native American flute
1915:
1857:
1702:Bharata Natya Shastra
1697:area of South India.
1676:
1625:
1613:
1600:Further information:
1527:
1514:
1463:Western concert flute
1456:Western concert flute
1454:An illustration of a
1453:
1424:Western concert flute
1422:
1415:Western concert flute
1232:
1179:fundamental frequency
1037:. It is fashioned of
977:
853:Further information:
584:edge-blown aerophones
46:
32:Western concert flute
5109:List of compositions
3795:famous Prussian king
3599:The Musical Standard
3344:on 16 November 2007.
3279:UNSW Music Acoustics
3063:Goss, Clint (2012).
3034:Goss, Clint (2012).
2926:. 30 December 2004.
2413:Sachs, Kurt (1940).
2339:Sachs, Kurt (1940).
2294:Sachs, Kurt (1940).
1956:Breathing techniques
1862:player in Madagascar
1118:5:12 and 30:29, and
815:was used in 1860 by
4478:Simple system flute
4106:412.14. Band/ribbon
3970:10.1038/nature08169
3962:2009Natur.460..737C
3900:Oxford Music Online
3862:. London: Novello.
3858:Wye, Trevor. 1988.
3828:Toff, Nancy. 1985.
2856:"Music for cavemen"
2789:10.1038/nature08169
2781:2009Natur.460..737C
2196:2012JHumE..62..664H
2131:10.1038/nature07995
2123:2009Natur.459..248C
960:Venus of Hohle Fels
835:Italian Renaissance
817:Nathaniel Hawthorne
763:. The English verb
675:art. In India, the
478:Electronic keyboard
63:Musical instruments
57:Part of a series on
27:Woodwind instrument
5088:Shepherd's whistle
4180:421.1. Non-fipple
4097:412.12. Percussion
4094:412.11. Concussion
4091:412.1. Idiophonic
3896:Grove Music Online
2949:The bone age flute
2894:The New York Times
2627:on 11 January 2015
2579:on 11 January 2015
2549:on 11 January 2015
2494:on 16 January 2014
2163:The New York Times
1966:circular breathing
1918:
1864:
1687:
1628:
1620:
1530:
1517:
1459:
1427:
1409:Western transverse
1249:
1171:resonant frequency
1082:word for "flute".
980:
969:early modern human
855:Paleolithic flutes
751:Middle High German
598:Paleolithic flutes
207:String instruments
52:
5132:
5131:
5037:
5036:
5000:
4999:
4952:Soprano (descant)
4765:
4764:
4574:
4573:
4561:Double contrabass
4335:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4259:422.3. Free reed
4153:
4152:
4085:412. Interruptive
4066:411. Displacement
3956:(7256): 737–740.
3878:978-0-8108-6711-6
3540:978-1-84353-103-6
3505:978-81-208-1708-1
3474:978-0-8240-4946-1
3408:978-0-12-227410-7
3386:on 13 March 2008.
3240:978-1-4067-5847-4
3209:978-0-8369-0724-7
3178:978-81-288-1476-1
3147:978-0-85229-760-5
3020:978-90-04-18337-7
2709:on 5 January 2001
2699:"Neanderthal jam"
2599:"Fluter (c.1400)"
2365:978-99946-883-0-2
2048:List of flautists
2028:Pipe (instrument)
1850:Sodina and suling
1705:Sarana Chatushtai
1650:and are keyless.
1558:double contrabass
1487:African Blackwood
1064:Epic of Gilgamesh
956:Hohle Fels cavern
859:Prehistoric music
564:
563:
142:Brass instruments
16:(Redirected from
5157:
5150:Jazz instruments
5002:
5001:
4930:
4929:
4710:
4709:
4499:
4498:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4339:
4338:
4265:422.32. Multiple
4254:422.22. Multiple
4240:422.12. Multiple
4212:421.22. Internal
4209:421.21. External
4168:
4167:
4063:
4062:
4050:Wind instruments
4038:
4031:
4024:
4015:
4014:
3989:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3683:
3676:
3670:
3655:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3582:. 24 March 2016.
3561:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3454:
3448:
3430:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3340:. Archived from
3330:The Flute Worker
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3127:
3121:
3108:
3102:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3011:Brill Publishers
3002:
2996:
2995:
2990:. Archived from
2989:
2980:(302): 769–778.
2965:
2959:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2775:(7256): 737–40.
2764:
2758:
2744:
2738:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2623:. Archived from
2613:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2575:. Archived from
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2545:. Archived from
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2490:. Archived from
2486:Smith, Fenwick.
2483:
2474:
2455:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2325:
2324:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2178:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2150:
2117:(7244): 248–52.
2106:
2100:
2099:
2064:
2008:List of flutists
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1809:
1807:
1683:Frances Densmore
1659:Hindustani music
1591:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1520:Concert variants
1430:Wooden one-keyed
1320:end-blown flutes
1177:rather than the
1129:
1060:cuneiform tablet
898:, originally by
887:
871:
799:
796:
790:The Hous of Fame
785:Geoffrey Chaucer
723:, possibly from
667:, was sacred to
653:transverse flute
638:
580:Hornbostel–Sachs
556:
549:
542:
54:
53:
50:and other flutes
21:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5092:
5033:
4996:
4928:
4761:
4708:
4581:
4570:
4497:
4382:
4375:
4366:
4336:
4327:
4296:423.12. Tubular
4270:
4217:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4149:
4128:
4080:
4058:
4052:
4042:
3993:Flute acoustics
3887:
3882:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3690:
3686:
3677:
3673:
3656:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3591:
3587:
3572:
3569:Wayback Machine
3562:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3455:
3451:
3433:Boehm, Theobald
3431:
3427:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3395:
3391:
3372:
3368:
3353:
3349:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3271:
3267:
3261:Wayback Machine
3254:Flute acoustics
3252:
3248:
3241:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3128:
3124:
3119:Wayback Machine
3109:
3105:
3100:Wayback Machine
3090:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3061:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3013:. p. 226.
3003:
2999:
2994:on 3 June 2013.
2966:
2962:
2956:Wayback Machine
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2869:
2867:
2866:on 26 June 2009
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2765:
2761:
2755:Wayback Machine
2745:
2741:
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1588:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1522:
1448:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1380:bosun's whistle
1227:
1199:
1159:resonant cavity
1151:
1078:", which is an
988:Geißenklösterle
949:Geißenklösterle
907:
906:
905:
904:
903:
888:
880:
879:
878:playing a flute
872:
861:
851:
822:The Marble Faun
797:
701:
649:end-blown flute
560:
531:
530:
521:
513:
512:
463:
453:
452:
423:aka Kettledrums
336:
326:
325:
209:
199:
198:
144:
134:
133:
74:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5163:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5130:
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5127:
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5124:Vertical flute
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
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5032:
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5026:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4992:Sub-contrabass
4989:
4987:Sub-great bass
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4927:
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4455:
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4428:
4423:
4413:
4411:Five-key flute
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4377:
4376:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4350:
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4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4262:422.31. Single
4257:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4251:422.21. Single
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:422.11. Single
4228:
4226:
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3890:Ardal Powell.
3886:
3885:External links
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2896:. 24 June 2009
2881:
2847:
2836:. 25 June 2009
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2085:10.2307/842168
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2023:Pipe and tabor
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
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1990:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1954:
1909:
1906:
1893:
1890:
1886:local currency
1851:
1848:
1787:Main article:
1784:
1781:
1769:Main article:
1766:
1763:
1724:Chinese flutes
1722:Main article:
1719:
1716:
1685:taken in 1919.
1679:Tohono O'odham
1667:Carnatic music
1597:
1594:
1521:
1518:
1496:starting from
1479:Theobald Boehm
1447:
1444:
1431:
1428:
1413:Main article:
1410:
1407:
1376:police whistle
1323:, such as the
1226:
1223:
1198:
1195:
1150:
1147:
1139:Indian culture
902:(10th century)
894:remake of the
889:
882:
881:
873:
866:
865:
864:
863:
862:
850:
847:
829:, itself from
783:, this was in
709:Middle English
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473:Clavicytherium
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5015:
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4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4957:Alto (treble)
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
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4907:
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4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4874:Slide whistle
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:Hydraulophone
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
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4772:
4768:
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4755:
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4702:
4700:
4697:
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4680:
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4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4590:Anasazi flute
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4556:Subcontrabass
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4531:Flûte d'amour
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
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4506:
4504:
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4340:
4322:
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4310:
4306:
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4304:
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4289:
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4273:
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4261:
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4230:
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4227:
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4208:
4207:
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4202:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
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4169:
4166:
4156:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
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4135:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4032:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3999:Folk flutes (
3997:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:0-7119-8465-4
3865:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:0-19-510502-8
3851:
3847:
3846:0-7153-8771-5
3843:
3839:
3838:0-684-18241-6
3835:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:0-87487-077-1
3821:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:0-9703753-0-1
3807:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3786:
3785:1-871082-13-7
3782:
3778:
3777:0-02-871380-X
3774:
3770:
3769:0-356-04712-1
3766:
3762:
3761:0-356-04711-3
3758:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3747:0-87745-022-6
3744:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3728:Stanley Sadie
3725:
3721:
3720:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3675:
3668:
3664:
3663:Stanley Sadie
3660:
3654:
3652:
3636:on 9 May 2013
3635:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3550:
3542:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3446:
3445:0-486-21259-9
3442:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3418:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3351:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3205:
3201:
3200:New Hampshire
3197:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3057:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2878:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:Flute History
2724:
2708:
2704:
2703:The Why Files
2700:
2693:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2471:0-19-861186-2
2468:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2396:0-600-36421-6
2392:
2388:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2335:
2333:
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2315:
2311:
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2297:
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2272:
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2261:
2254:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:(6): 664–76.
2189:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
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2116:
2112:
2105:
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2078:
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2059:
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2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
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2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
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1976:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1900:(also called
1899:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1847:
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1607:
1603:
1593:
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1584:soprano flute
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:subcontrabass
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1513:
1509:
1508:instruments.
1507:
1503:
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1471:
1469:
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1457:
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1437:
1436:baroque flute
1425:
1421:
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1396:
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1384:
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1377:
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1345:Anasazi flute
1342:
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1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
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1291:fipple flutes
1287:
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1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:musical texts
1065:
1061:
1057:
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778:
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770:
766:
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759:
755:
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748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
732:Old Provençal
729:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
696:
694:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
658:Musicologist
656:
654:
650:
647:(or xiao, an
646:
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623:
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437:Tubular bells
435:
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68:
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49:
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37:
33:
19:
5029:Willow flute
4657:Nose whistle
4368:
4172:
4133:413. Plosive
4076:Whipcracking
4008:Bamboo Flute
4000:
3953:
3949:
3899:
3895:
3859:
3829:
3815:
3801:
3790:
3752:
3738:
3732:John Tyrrell
3723:
3716:Bibliography
3701:. Retrieved
3697:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3667:John Tyrrell
3658:
3638:. Retrieved
3634:the original
3629:
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3602:
3598:
3588:
3577:
3565:Ghostarchive
3563:Archived at
3559:
3549:
3531:Rough Guides
3521:
3514:
3490:
3483:
3459:
3452:
3436:
3428:
3417:
3398:
3392:
3384:the original
3379:
3369:
3360:
3355:Wolfe, Joe.
3350:
3342:the original
3329:
3319:
3307:. Retrieved
3304:HyperPhysics
3303:
3294:
3282:. Retrieved
3278:
3273:Wolfe, Joe.
3268:
3249:
3225:
3218:
3194:
3187:
3163:
3156:
3132:
3125:
3106:
3072:. Retrieved
3068:
3043:. Retrieved
3039:
3029:
3006:
3000:
2992:the original
2977:
2973:
2963:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2919:
2910:
2898:. Retrieved
2893:
2884:
2875:
2868:. Retrieved
2864:the original
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2833:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2742:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2707:the original
2702:
2692:
2680:. Retrieved
2675:
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2650:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2577:the original
2572:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2547:the original
2542:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2517:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2492:the original
2462:
2458:
2436:. Retrieved
2414:
2386:
2369:
2355:
2349:
2340:
2317:
2304:
2295:
2274:. Retrieved
2270:
2260:
2251:
2244:. Retrieved
2234:
2220:
2187:
2183:
2162:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2096:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2043:Vessel flute
1983:Flute method
1959:
1919:
1901:
1895:
1875:
1865:
1792:
1774:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1713:
1699:
1688:
1652:
1632:bamboo flute
1629:
1592:bass flute.
1569:treble flute
1566:
1531:
1506:concert band
1491:
1483:Boehm system
1466:
1460:
1433:
1392:
1385:
1361:
1318:
1296:
1289:
1250:
1234:
1233:Playing the
1221:and copper.
1200:
1191:
1183:
1152:
1132:
1123:
1101:
1097:
1092:4:21, cites
1084:
1075:
1067:
1053:
1042:
1035:Zhou dynasty
1010:
1000:
981:
965:Neanderthals
958:next to the
953:
942:
908:
900:Gu Hongzhong
895:
892:Song dynasty
842:
838:
830:
826:
820:
812:
808:
804:
802:
788:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
753:
746:
742:
738:
734:
727:
720:
716:
712:
704:
702:
689:
657:
633:Zhou dynasty
629:bamboo flute
626:
602:Swabian Jura
596:
591:
587:
567:
565:
366:Glockenspiel
249:
248:
211:
103:
40:
4962:Voice flute
4904:Tin whistle
4844:Low whistle
4779:Almpfeiferl
4546:Contra-alto
4463:Irish flute
4458:Glass flute
4247:Single reed
4233:Double reed
4072:Sword blade
3703:10 February
3609:15 November
3447:, pp. 8–12.
3300:"The Flute"
2672:"Flutenist"
2276:10 December
2246:10 December
1998:Irish flute
1942:Igbo people
1882:Rakoto Frah
1789:Fue (flute)
1546:contra-alto
1395:nose flutes
1270:tin whistle
992:Swabian Alb
798: 1380
711:period, as
677:cross flute
488:Harpsichord
266:Bass guitar
234:Hurdy-gurdy
224:Double bass
169:French horn
94:Cor anglais
5139:Categories
4982:Contrabass
4977:Great bass
4899:Tabor pipe
4854:Organ pipe
4647:Nose flute
4620:Shakuhachi
4551:Contrabass
4191:Side-blown
4164:(enclosed)
4046:Aerophones
3605:(797): 297
3435:. (1964).
3284:18 January
3069:Flutopedia
3040:Flutopedia
2569:"Flautist"
2271:Flutopedia
2054:References
2003:Jazz flute
1993:Hand flute
1950:Igbo music
1872:Madagascar
1812:shakuhachi
1753:(新笛), and
1577:piccolo, E
1550:contrabass
1468:embouchure
1442:practice.
1399:flue pipes
1388:resonators
1357:vertically
1341:shakuhachi
1299:transverse
1219:grenadilla
1058:-language
1029:province,
929:cave near
927:Hohle Fels
919:Divje Babe
874:Statue of
725:Old French
660:Curt Sachs
576:aerophones
468:Clavichord
443:Vibraphone
439:aka Chimes
411:Snare drum
381:Lithophone
334:Percussion
179:Tenor horn
174:Mellophone
164:Flugelhorn
109:Nadaswaram
5114:Tone hole
5068:Molinukai
4947:Sopranino
4934:Recorders
4884:Spilåpipa
4869:Sjøfløyte
4809:Flageolet
4789:Dentsivka
4784:Atenteben
4566:Hyperbass
4421:Kagurabue
4303:Chromatic
4185:End-blown
4102:Free reed
3763:(cloth);
3640:7 October
3338:0737-8459
3169:New Delhi
3074:8 January
3045:8 January
2974:Antiquity
2797:0028-0836
2682:5 January
2656:5 January
2631:5 January
2583:5 January
2553:5 January
2539:"Flutist"
2498:5 January
2147:205216692
2079:: 24–25.
1840:kagurabue
1695:Nagercoil
1670:century.
1642:God Lord
1562:hyperbass
1502:orchestra
1372:pan pipes
1262:flageolet
1245:pan flute
1197:Materials
1167:resonator
1155:Bernoulli
1149:Acoustics
1086:The Bible
1049:Confucius
1039:lacquered
911:cave bear
843:flutenist
827:flautista
703:The word
693:Byzantium
685:Amaravati
508:Virginals
483:Harmonium
461:Keyboards
448:Xylophone
432:Tubaphone
401:Mridangam
391:Marímbula
341:Bass drum
159:Euphonium
124:Saxophone
72:Woodwinds
5051:Gemshorn
5024:Koncovka
5006:Overtone
4942:Garklein
4879:Souravli
4859:Salamuri
4799:Dvoyanka
4727:Larchemi
4664:Pinkillu
4652:Kalaleng
4615:Hotchiku
4600:Floghera
4446:Shinobue
4373:whistles
4319:423.23.
4313:423.22.
4307:423.21.
4290:423.11.
4195:421.13.
4189:421.12.
4183:421.11.
4122:Whirling
4116:Rotating
4100:412.13.
3978:19553935
3567:and the
3309:20 March
3257:Archived
3115:Archived
3096:Archived
2952:Archived
2934:21 April
2928:Archived
2920:CBC Arts
2834:BBC News
2805:19553935
2751:Archived
2731:Archived
2713:14 March
2647:"Fluter"
2617:"Fluter"
2212:22575323
2139:19444215
2018:Palendag
1972:See also
1836:shinobue
1816:hotchiku
1803:hiragana
1783:Japanese
1700:In 1998
1616:Carnatic
1589:♭
1580:♭
1574:♭
1498:middle C
1353:recorder
1266:recorder
1258:gemshorn
1241:Pre-Inca
1207:nephrite
1175:harmonic
1120:Jeremiah
1110:10:5, 1
1100:and the
1080:Akkadian
1056:Sumerian
1044:Shi Jing
923:Slovenia
813:Flautist
721:flo(y)te
622:Labrador
588:flautist
572:woodwind
427:Triangle
416:Steelpan
376:Handbell
351:Carillon
296:Shamisen
286:Mandolin
184:Trombone
99:Clarinet
79:Bagpipes
48:Shinobue
18:Flautist
5078:Tonette
5073:Ocarina
5019:Kalyuka
4924:Zuffolo
4914:Whistle
4889:Stabule
4804:Flabiol
4752:Soinari
4742:Paixiao
4722:Kuvytsi
4699:Washint
4689:Šupelka
4684:Sopilka
4526:Concert
4521:Soprano
4511:Piccolo
4503:Concert
4451:Yokobue
4441:Ryūteki
4431:Minteki
4426:Komabue
4396:Daegeum
4391:Bansuri
4286:Natural
4245:422.2.
4231:422.1.
4203:421.2.
4120:412.22
4114:412.21
3986:4336590
3958:Bibcode
3892:"Flute"
3579:YouTube
3496:Kolkata
2900:26 June
2870:26 June
2840:26 June
2813:4336590
2777:Bibcode
2514:"Flute"
2432:"Flute"
2192:Bibcode
2119:Bibcode
2038:Washint
1946:Nigeria
1844:minteki
1828:ryūteki
1824:komabue
1820:gakubue
1777:daegeum
1771:Daegeum
1718:Chinese
1655:Bansuri
1644:Krishna
1602:Bansuri
1534:piccolo
1494:octaves
1446:Concert
1364:ocarina
1315:bansuri
1303:piccolo
1282:ocarina
1274:tonette
1254:whistle
1236:zampoña
1189:Flute.
1090:Genesis
1076:embūbum
1023:Suizhou
1021:at the
984:mammoth
939:vulture
935:Germany
876:Krishna
849:History
805:Flutist
769:fluiten
747:flahute
669:Krishna
665:Bansuri
606:Germany
592:flutist
421:Timpani
386:Marimba
361:Cymbals
356:Celesta
311:Ukulele
306:Tambura
271:Guzheng
250:Plucked
189:Trumpet
119:Piccolo
84:Bassoon
5145:Flutes
5056:Pifana
5043:Vessel
5014:Fujara
4919:Xirula
4909:Txistu
4819:Fujara
4771:Fipple
4737:Miskal
4694:Svirel
4679:Sodina
4637:Kōauau
4605:Frilka
4516:Treble
4483:Tambin
4436:Nohkan
4369:Flutes
4321:Valved
4301:423.2
4284:423.1
4205:Fipple
4197:Vessel
4140:Ghatam
3984:
3976:
3950:Nature
3876:
3866:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3822:
3808:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3745:
3554:India.
3537:
3527:London
3502:
3471:
3465:London
3443:
3405:
3336:
3237:
3231:London
3206:
3175:
3144:
3138:Mumbai
3017:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2769:Nature
2678:. 1906
2523:25 May
2469:
2438:25 May
2393:
2362:
2320:Erh Ya
2210:
2145:
2137:
2111:Nature
2093:842168
2091:
1877:suling
1868:sodina
1860:sodina
1765:Korean
1749:(曲笛),
1745:(梆笛),
1743:bangdi
1691:bamboo
1648:bamboo
1596:Indian
1560:, and
1542:C bass
1538:G alto
1403:organs
1397:. The
1378:, and
1317:; and
1286:fipple
1280:, and
1278:fujara
1215:nickel
1211:silver
1187:Nohkan
1135:tibias
1124:chalil
1116:Isaiah
1114:1:40,
1108:Samuel
1103:kinnor
1025:site,
944:Nature
839:fluter
831:flauto
754:floite
743:flaüte
739:fleüte
728:flaute
717:flowte
713:floute
681:Sanchi
610:Europe
526:Ghatam
520:Others
503:Spinet
321:Zither
261:Guitar
244:Violin
154:Cornet
129:Tharai
5119:Uakti
5097:Other
4967:Tenor
4894:Tarka
4839:Kuisi
4834:Khlui
4829:Khloy
4814:Frula
4794:Diple
4674:Quray
4632:Kaval
4595:Danso
4582:blown
4493:Xindi
4468:Koudi
4383:blown
4381:Side-
4315:Slide
4309:Keyed
4292:Conch
4277:Brass
4275:423.
4222:422.
4173:Flute
4171:421.
3982:S2CID
3753:Flute
2860:MSNBC
2809:S2CID
2143:S2CID
2089:JSTOR
1988:Frula
1978:Diple
1930:
1898:sring
1892:Sring
1832:nōkan
1751:xindi
1735:di mo
1640:Hindu
1475:range
1349:quena
1337:danso
1333:kaval
1225:Types
1163:pitch
1143:India
1112:Kings
1094:Jubal
1088:, in
1031:China
1027:Hubei
1007:Jiahu
915:femur
777:flute
773:flare
765:flout
761:fluit
758:Dutch
735:flaüt
719:, or
705:flute
673:Hindu
614:Caral
568:flute
498:Piano
493:Organ
406:Parai
396:Melam
301:Sitar
256:Banjo
239:Viola
229:Huqin
219:Cello
213:Bowed
104:Flute
4972:Bass
4864:Shvi
4747:Siku
4704:Xiao
4669:Qina
4627:Gudi
4580:End-
4541:Bass
4536:Alto
4488:Venu
4406:Fife
4401:Dizi
4371:and
4224:Reed
4162:free
4160:Non-
4059:Free
3974:PMID
3874:ISBN
3864:ISBN
3850:ISBN
3842:ISBN
3834:ISBN
3820:ISBN
3806:ISBN
3781:ISBN
3773:ISBN
3765:ISBN
3757:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3730:and
3705:2023
3665:and
3642:2012
3611:2010
3535:ISBN
3500:ISBN
3469:ISBN
3441:ISBN
3403:ISBN
3334:ISSN
3311:2016
3286:2006
3235:ISBN
3204:ISBN
3173:ISBN
3142:ISBN
3076:2012
3047:2012
3015:ISBN
2936:2009
2902:2009
2872:2009
2842:2009
2801:PMID
2793:ISSN
2715:2006
2684:2015
2658:2015
2633:2015
2585:2015
2555:2015
2525:2012
2500:2015
2467:ISBN
2440:2012
2391:ISBN
2360:ISBN
2318:The
2278:2020
2253:ago.
2248:2020
2208:PMID
2135:PMID
1964:and
1920:The
1902:blul
1896:The
1866:The
1842:and
1814:and
1805:: ふえ
1759:xiao
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