1872:
1018:
1626:, an octave below a normal trumpet). It is also available in F alto, one octave above the F side of a double horn (or the high F side of a triple horn). The marching horn is also played with a horn mouthpiece (unlike the mellophone, which needs an adapter to fit the horn mouthpiece). These instruments are primarily used in marching bands so that the sound comes from a forward-facing bell, as dissipation of the sound from the backward-facing bell becomes a concern in open-air environments. Many college marching bands and drum corps, however, use mellophones instead, which, with many marching bands, better balance the tone of the other brass instruments; additionally, mellophones require less special training of trumpeters, who considerably outnumber horn players. Some college marching bands use marching French horns when accompanying choirs as to not overpower their singing.
1536:, it uses the pumpenvalve (or Vienna valve), which is a double-piston operating inside the valve slides, and usually situated on the opposite side of the corpus from the player's left hand, and operated by a long pushrod. Unlike the modern horn, which has grown considerably larger internally (for a bigger, broader, and louder tone), and considerably heavier (with the addition of valves and tubing in the case of the double horn) the Vienna horn very closely mimics the size and weight of the natural horn, (although the valves do add some weight, they are lighter than rotary valves) even using crooks in the front of the horn, between the mouthpiece and the instrument. Although instead of the full range of keys, Vienna horn players usually use an F crook and it is looked down upon to use others, though switching to an A or B
932:
side-to-side placement of the mouthpiece varies for most horn players, the up-and-down placement of the mouthpiece is generally two-thirds on the upper lip and one-third on the lower lip. When playing higher notes, the majority of players exert a small degree of additional pressure on the lips using the mouthpiece. However, this is undesirable from the perspective of both endurance and tone: excessive mouthpiece pressure makes the horn sound forced and harsh and decreases the player's stamina due to the resulting constricted flow of blood to the lips and lip muscles. Added pressure from the lips to the mouthpiece can also result in tension in the face resulting in what brass players often call "pushing". As mentioned before, this results in an undesirable sound, and loss of stamina.
1594:. Mouthpiece adapters are available so that a horn mouthpiece can fit into the mellophone lead pipe (some of them are designed to where the end is bent at a 45-degree angle so that they can use the same embouchure), but this does not compensate for the many differences that a horn player must adapt to. The "feel" of the mellophone can be foreign to a horn player. Another unfamiliar aspect of the mellophone is that it is designed to be played with the right hand instead of the left (though it can be played with the left). Intonation can also be an issue with the mellophone.
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1373:(also called German silver, an alloy of copper, nickel and zinc, containing no actual silver) while Geyer horns tend to be of yellow brass; although these differences in finish aren't as prevalent today - horns of both finishes can be found in either wrap. Both models have their own strengths and weaknesses, and while the choice of instrument is very personal, an orchestral horn section is usually found to have either one or the other, owing to the differences in tone color, response, and projection of the two different styles.
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1494:. The natural horn can only play from a single harmonic series at a time because there is only one length of tubing available to the horn player. A proficient player can indeed alter the pitch by partially muting the bell with the right hand, thus enabling the player to reach some notes that are not part of the instrument's natural harmonic series – of course this technique also affects the quality of the tone. The player has a choice of key by using crooks to change the length of tubing.
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992:. In this sense, "French horn" refers to a narrow-bore instrument (10.8–11.0 mm ) with three Périnet (piston) valves. It retains the narrow bell-throat and mouthpipe crooks of the orchestral hand horn of the late 18th century, and most often has an "ascending" third valve. This is a whole-tone valve arranged so that with the valve in the "up" position the valve loop is engaged, but when the valve is pressed the loop is cut out, raising the pitch by a whole tone.
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1586:. Though they are usually played with a V-cup cornet-like mouthpiece, their range overlaps the common playing range of the horn. This mouthpiece switch makes the mellophone louder, less mellow, and more brassy and brilliant, making it more appropriate for marching bands. Often now with the use of converters, traditional conical horn mouthpieces are used to achieve the more mellow sound of a horn to make the marching band sound more like a concert band.
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1683:, below the bass clef staff to high C above the treble staff when read in F. The low pedal tones are substantially easier to play on the Wagner tuba than on the horn. Wagner viewed the regular horn as a woodwind rather than a brass instrument, evidenced by his placing of the horn parts in his orchestral scores in the woodwind group and not in their usual place above the trumpets in the brass section.
1571:, either by changing crooks/leadpipes, or by a valve dedicated to this purpose. Older examples often included the ability to be played in the keys of D and/or C as well. Manufacturing of this instrument sharply decreased in the middle of the 20th century, and this mellophone (or mellophonium) rarely appears today.
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write for horns, as the third and fourth horns can take over from the first and second horns or play contrasting material. For example, if the piece is in C minor, the first and second horns might be in C, the tonic major key, which could get most of the notes, and the third and fourth horns might be in E
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While horn players may be asked to play the mellophone, it is unlikely that the instrument was ever intended as a substitute for the horn, mainly because of the fundamental differences described. As an instrument it compromises between the ability to sound like a horn, while being used like a trumpet
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change valve above the first valve, near the thumb. The Geyer wrap has the change valve behind the third valve, near the little finger (although the valve's trigger is still played with the thumb). In effect, the air flows in a completely different direction on the other model. Kruspe wrap horns tend
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8D, a mass-produced instrument based on the Kruspe design, has been extremely popular in many areas (New York, Los
Angeles, Cleveland, Philadelphia). Since roughly the early 1990s, however, for reasons ranging from changing tastes to a general dislike of Conn's newer 8Ds, orchestras have been moving
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crook for higher pitched music does happen on occasion. Vienna horns are often used with funnel shaped mouthpieces similar to those used on the natural horn, with very little (if any) backbore and a very thin rim. The
Viennese horn requires very specialized technique and can be quite challenging to
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countries, the Alex 103 is extremely popular. These horns do not fit strictly into the Kruspe or Knopf camps, but have features of both. Alexander prefers the traditional medium bell size, which they have produced for many years, whereas Paxman do offer their models in a range of bell throat sizes.
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by default by making a simple adjustment to the valves. The two sets of tones are commonly called "sides" of the horn. Using the fourth valve not only changes the basic length (and thus the harmonic series and pitch) of the instrument, it also causes the three main valves to use proportionate slide
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horn, which, although easier to play accurately, has a less desirable sound in the mid and especially the low register where it is not able to play all of the notes. The solution has been the development of the double horn, which combines the two into one horn with a single lead pipe and bell. Both
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horns have a valve to put them in the key of A. The problem with single horns is the inevitable choice between accuracy or tone – while the F horn has the "typical" horn sound, above third-space C accuracy is a concern for the majority of players because, by its nature, one plays high in the horn's
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Music written for the modern horn follows a similar pattern with the first and third horns being high and the second and fourth horns being low. This configuration serves multiple purposes. It is easier to play high when the adjacent player is playing low and vice versa. Pairing makes it easier to
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for the first time. Valves were originally used primarily as a means to play in different keys without crooks, not for harmonic playing. That is reflected in compositions for horns, which only began to include chromatic passages in the late-19th century. There were many different versions of early
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and
Friedrich Blümel patented the first valved horn, using rotary valves. François Périnet introduced piston valves in France about 1839. The use of valves initially aimed to overcome problems associated with changing crooks during a performance. Valves' unreliability, musical taste, and players'
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The name "French horn" first came into use in the late 17th century. At that time, French makers were preeminent in the manufacture of hunting horns and were credited with creating the now-familiar, circular "hoop" shape of the instrument. As a result, these instruments were often called, even in
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A crucial element in playing the horn deals with the mouthpiece. The mouthpiece is usually placed in the exact center of the lips, but, because of differences in the formation of the lips and teeth of different players, some tend to play with the mouthpiece slightly off center. Although the exact
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is the ancestor of the modern horn. It is essentially descended from hunting horns, with its pitch controlled by air speed, aperture (opening of the lips through which air passes) and the use of the right hand moving around, as well as in and out of the bell. Although a few recent composers have
1900:
Many orchestral horn sections in the 2010s also have an assistant who doubles the first horn part for selected passages, joining in loud parts, playing instead of the principal if there is a first horn solo approaching, or alternating with the principal if the part is tiring to play. Often the
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for violin, horn and piano (for which, however, Brahms specified the natural horn). Also, the horn can be used by itself in a horn ensemble or "horn choir". The horn choir is especially practical because the extended range of the horn provides the composer or arranger with more possibilities,
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As they are pitched in F or G and their range overlaps that of the horn, mellophones can be used in place of the horn in brass and marching band settings. Mellophones are, however, sometimes unpopular with horn players because the mouthpiece change can be difficult and requires a different
1565:. The first is an instrument shaped somewhat like a horn, in that it is formed in a circle and is often referred to as a "classic" or "concert" mellophone. It has piston valves and is played with the right hand on the valves. Most are pitched in the key of F, with facility to switch to E
1826:
for four horns and orchestra is a notable three-movement work. Brahms had a lifelong love-affair with the instrument, with many prominently featured parts throughout his four symphonies. Despite his use of natural horns in his work (e.g., Horns in Bâ™® in the second movement of his
1007:
843:. The backward-facing orientation of the bell relates to the perceived desirability to create a subdued sound in concert situations, in contrast to the more piercing quality of the trumpet. A horn without valves is known as a natural horn, changing pitch along the natural
851:). Pitch may also be controlled by the position of the hand in the bell, in effect reducing the bell's diameter. The pitch of any note can easily be raised or lowered by adjusting the hand position in the bell. The key of a natural horn can be changed by adding different
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The horn, although not large, is awkward in its shape and does not lend itself well to transport where space is shared or limited, especially on planes. To compensate, horn makers can make the bell detachable; this allows for smaller and more manageable horn cases.
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assistant is asked to play a passage after resting a long time. Also, he or she may be asked to enter in the middle of a passage, exactly matching the sound, articulation, and overall interpretation of the principal, thus enabling the principal horn to rest a bit.
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More recently, "French horn" is often used colloquially, though the adjective has normally been avoided when referring to the
European orchestral horn, ever since the German horn began replacing the French-style instrument in British orchestras around 1930. The
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slides to give the necessary tubing length for playing in F. As for the full double horn, the air is routed through the appropriate slide(s) by use of the fourth valve. Compensating double horns are lighter than full double horns because of this design.
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are available. By combining a long length with a narrow bore, the French horn's design allows the player to easily reach the higher overtones which differ by whole tones or less, thus making it capable of playing melodies before valves were invented.
1887:(early 1800s) onwards commonly used four horns. Here, the first and second horns played as a pair (first horn being high, second horn being low), and the third and fourth horns played as another pair (third horn being high, fourth horn being low).
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Despite the introduction of valves, the single F horn proved difficult for use in the highest range, where the partials grew closer and closer, making accuracy a great challenge. An early solution was simply to use a horn of higher pitch—usually
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In the mid-18th century, horn players began to insert the right hand into the bell to change the length of the instrument, adjusting the tuning up to the distance between two adjacent harmonics depending on how much of the opening was covered.
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valves, most being variants of the piston and rotary systems used in modern horns. Early valves by BlĂĽhmel are cited as possibly the first rotary valve, but the first confirmed rotary valve design was in 1832 by Joseph Riedl in Vienna.
1705:
Discussion of the repertoire of horns must recognize the different needs of orchestras and concert bands in contrast to marching bands, as above, but also the use of horns in a wide variety of music, including chamber music and jazz.
1640:
The Wagner tuba is a rare brass instrument that is essentially a horn modified to have a larger bell throat and a vertical bell. Despite its name and its somewhat tuba-shaped appearance, it is generally not considered part of the
1394:, and Ricco-Kuhn) are used in other areas (San Francisco, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Boston, Houston). The CF Schmidt double, with its unique piston change valve, is occasionally found in sections playing Geyer/Knopf model equipment.
1429:
A triple horn has more tubing, adding a descant horn to the double horn and hence giving more assistance for the high range. The descant horn is most commonly in F, sounding an octave higher than the normal F horn.
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to make such horns playable in different keys—so musicians came to use "French" and "German" to distinguish the simple hunting horn from the newer horn with crooks, which in
England was also called the Italian name
1105:, was a better instrument. Some musicians who specialize in period instruments use a natural horn to play in original performance styles, to try to recapture the sound of an older piece's original performances.
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Early metal horns were less complex than modern horns, consisting of brass tubes, wound around a few times, with a slightly flared opening (the bell). These early "hunting" horns were originally played on a
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music. (Note that colloquially in jazz, the word "horn" refers to any wind instrument.) Notable exponents, however, began including French horn in jazz pieces and ensembles. These include composer/arranger
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In the US, the two most common styles ("wraps") of double horns are named Kruspe and Geyer/Knopf, after the first instrument makers who developed and standardized them. The Kruspe wrap locates the B
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basso. Since the only notes available were those on the harmonic series of one of those pitches, horn-players had no ability to play in different keys. The remedy for this limitation was the use of
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and was responsible for this statement in every issue, 'The
International Horn Society recommends that HORN be recognized as the correct name for our instrument in the English language.'
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play, even for accomplished players of modern horns. The Vienna horn has a warmer, softer sound than the modern horn. Its pumpenvalves facilitate a continuous transition between notes (
1101:
distrust, among other reasons, slowed their adoption into the mainstream. Many traditional conservatories and players refused to use them at first, claiming that the valveless horn, or
3870:
1346:. By using a fourth valve (usually operated by the thumb), the horn player can quickly switch from the deep, warm tones of the F horn to the higher, brighter tones of the B
1578:, it is keyed in F. It is shaped like a flugelhorn, with piston valves played with the right hand and a forward-pointing bell. These horns are generally considered better
1883:
A classical orchestra usually has at least two French horn players. Typically, the first horn played a high part and the second horn played a low part. Composers from
2744:
2289:– first female brass-player in the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, US-born, British ambassador for the horn and classical music through television programs such as
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Single horns use a single set of tubes connected to the valves. This allows for simplicity of use and a much lighter weight. They are usually in the keys of F or B
1053:). Change of pitch was controlled entirely by the lips (the horn not being equipped with valves until the 19th century. Without valves, only the notes within the
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than regular horns because their position is more stable on the mouth, they project better, and they weigh less. It is primarily used as the middle voice of
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The horn is most often used as an orchestral and concert band instrument, with its singular tone being employed by composers to achieve specific effects.
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horns are sometimes used in solo and chamber performances and the single F survives orchestrally as the Vienna horn. Additionally, single F alto and B
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The second instrument is used in modern brass bands and marching bands, and is more accurately called a "marching mellophone". A derivative of the F
1112:, however, opened up a great deal more flexibility for playing in different keys; in effect, the horn became an entirely different instrument, fully
918:
or F, and a stopping valve, which greatly simplifies the complicated and difficult hand-stopping technique, though these are rarer. Also common are
1167:
main types of single horns are still used today as student models because they are cheaper and lighter than double horns. In addition, the single B
1125:
Horns may be classified into single horn, double horn, compensating double horn, and triple horn as well as having the option of detachable bells.
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Pitch is controlled through the combination of the following factors: speed of air through the instrument (controlled by the player's lungs and
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In Europe the most popular horns are arguably those made by Gebr. Alexander, of Mainz (particularly the
Alexander 103), and those made by
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pioneer, after whom the
International Horn Society's annual horn playing award is named, also a violinist, concertmaster, and composer
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has a fourth, trigger valve, usually operated by the thumb, which routes the air to one set of tubing tuned to F or another tuned to B
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The variety in horn history necessitates consideration of the natural horn, Vienna horn, mellophone, marching horn, and Wagner tuba.
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The double horn also combines two instruments into a single frame: the original horn in F, and a second, higher horn keyed in B
1089:, i.e., sections of tubing of differing length that, when inserted, altered the length of the instrument, and thus its pitch.
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2764:
Harold Meek is described by everyone as a gentleman, a perfectionist, and one who loved the horn. He was the first editor of
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or F, or, more recently, as a double tuba similar to the double horn. It is usually played in a range similar to that of the
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6D double horn. The three lever keys (above the large valves) can be depressed toward the large outer tube. The thumb key (
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of animals before starting to emulate naturally occurring horns with metal ones. The use of animal horns survives with the
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A natural horn has no valves, but can be tuned to a different key by inserting different tubing, as during a rest period.
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away from the popular Conn 8D. Geyer model horns (by Carl Geyer, Karl Hill, Keith Berg, Steve Lewis, Jerry
Lechniuk,
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satirizes the limitations of contemporary horn playing, including the risk of selecting the wrong crook by mistake.
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contains one of the best known horn solos from this period, relying on the chromatic facility of the valved horn.
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The marching horn is quite similar to the mellophone in shape and appearance, but it is pitched in the key of B
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There is also a more specific use of "French horn" to describe a particular horn type, differentiated from the
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1948:'s jazz band. Notable works of Ellis' jazz French horn include "Strawberry Soup" and other songs on the album
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to be larger in the bell throat than the Geyer wrap horns. Traditionally, Kruspe models are constructed from
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2039:– celebrated British horn player, father of Dennis Brain and a champion of the French style of instrument
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family, because the instrument's relatively narrow bore causes it to play more like a horn. Invented for
1547:); conversely, a more precise operating of the valves is required to avoid notes that sound out of tune.
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The art of French horn playing : a treatise on the problems and techniques of French Horn playing …
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made great use of the horn's uniquely haunting and distant sound in his symphonies, notably the famous
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had been developed, allowing fully chromatic playing, composers began to write seriously for the horn.
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side and a longer set for the F side); a compensating double horn only has full-length slides for the B
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horn was extensively debated among horn players of the late 19th century, until the German horn maker
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1337:(namesake of his family's brass instrument firm) produced a prototype of the "double horn" in 1897.
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by the left hand, which route the air into extra sections of tubing. Most horns have lever-operated
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Many composers have written works that have become favorites in the horn repertoire. These include
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lower than written. In older music, bass-clef notes are written one octave lower and thus sound a
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Mellophones, as indicated, use the same fingering as trumpets and are operated by the right hand.
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The Horn Parts in Handel's Operas and
Oratorios and the Horn Players who Performed in These Works
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People who are more notable for their other achievements, but also play the horn, include actors
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1021:"How to shout and blow horns."—Facsimile of a miniature in a manuscript of the hunting manual of
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2714:(2nd print., with revisions ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 215.
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harmonic series where the overtones are closer together. This led to the development of the B
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There is an abundance of chamber music repertoire for horn. It is a standard member of the
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Horn and conductor : reminiscences of a practitioner with a few words of advice
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alto descants are used in the performance of some baroque horn concertos and F, B
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horn have become increasingly popular. A musician who plays a horn is known as a
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2699:. City University of New York. pp. 50, 116–18, 176, 223–25, 439–40, 444–45.
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who included the French horn as an ensemble instrument from the 1940s, first in
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The development of the valve horn was exploited by romantic composers such as
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or flugelhorn, a tradeoff that sacrifices acoustic properties for ergonomics.
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horn, or vice versa, as the horn player may choose to have the horn set into B
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1195:'s benchmark recordings of the Mozart Horn Concerti were made on a single B
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was a noted horn player, wrote extensively for the instrument, including
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Meek strongly advocates using the term 'horn' rather than 'French horn.'
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A full double horn has two full-length sets of slides (one set for the B
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605:
545:
363:
328:
181:
93:
3192:
1812:, whose father was a well-known professional horn player. Strauss's
1728:
wrote much for the horn, and it features prominently in the work of
1029:
As the name indicates, humans originally used to blow on the actual
977:
has recommended since 1971 that the instrument be simply called the
890:. Triple horns with five valves are also made, usually tuned in F, B
3737:
3586:
3361:
3330:
1788:
1656:
1414:
side and a shorter set of slides whose length can be added to the B
1254:
1237:
883:
620:
580:
555:
500:
490:
388:
303:
283:
1667:. It uses a horn mouthpiece and is available as a single tuba in B
3576:
3545:
3513:
3498:
3446:
3390:
3369:
3274:
3238:
2318:
1525:
1381:
1038:
897:
879:
832:
625:
590:
565:
560:
515:
510:
475:
393:
323:
288:
186:
3143:, one of the largest organizations of horn players in the world.
1502:
1049:, often while mounted, and the sound they produced was called a
128:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3508:
3282:
3146:
2008:
and former principal horn in various orchestras, including the
1805:
1697:
1521:
1034:
730:
707:
525:
465:
448:
358:
333:
3140:
2255:
William VerMeulen – horn soloist and former principal horn of
1006:
819:) in the mouthpiece; plus, in a modern horn, the operation of
3871:
List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers
3616:
3591:
3302:
2326:
2136:– a player of the French horn, playing in the free jazz scene
1847:, and often appears in other configurations, such as Brahms'
906:
or F. There are also double horns with five valves tuned in B
702:
610:
600:
505:
460:
443:
433:
423:
308:
3186:
2864:. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. p. 33.
1147:, although many F horns have longer slides to tune them to E
3405:
1920:
1642:
1186:
1046:
783:
made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The
575:
550:
520:
485:
398:
318:
2150:
horn and author of several books on horn and brass playing
2594:
A complete guide to brass : instruments and pedagogy
1718:, for example, used horns to signify the hunt, as in his
3075:"Horn Sections with and Without an associate principal"
2804:
Brass instruments : their history and development
2222:
competition in 1988 and current principal horn of the
3013:. Published for Unicef by Facts On File. p. 68.
2661:. Evanston, Il.: Summy-Birchard. pp. 6, 21, 65.
2017:– famous Czech horn player, former principal horn in
1855:
1954:. Notable improvising horn players in jazz include
2556:
2627:"Alexander 107 Descant w/Stopping Valve - $ 7800"
1480:written specifically for the natural horn (e.g.,
1037:, a ram's horn, which plays an important role in
3883:
2906:of London in the movement from 45:40 onward in
2490:A horn by Alexander, once owned by Dennis Brain
1897:, the relative major key, to fill in the gaps.
3008:
3208:
2596:. New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 40, 44.
1852:registerally, sonically, and contrapuntally.
1709:
752:
2937:. New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 41–46.
1919:The French horn was at first rarely used in
1233:) moves inward toward the three finger keys.
1185:and F alto singles are occasionally used by
858:Three valves control the flow of air in the
3174:at Paxman, compiled with the assistance of
2780:Meek, Harold (February 1971). "The Horn!".
2276:, former principal horn and soloist of the
2252:and author of several books on horn playing
1397:
115:(Valved aerophone sounded by lip vibration)
3215:
3201:
3141:Homepage of the International Horn Society
2961:, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977),
1936:nonet (nine-piece group) led by trumpeter
878:which expands the horn range to over four
759:
745:
2200:Indiana University Jacobs School of Music
1932:'s groups, and later with the pioneering
1773:Morceau de Concert for horn and orchestra
1278:Valve levers, operated with the left hand
3159:From mines to music: The venerable valve
3149:, UK-based organisation for horn playing
2932:
2688:
2686:
2591:
2114:– former principal horn for a number of
1870:
1859:
1696:
1501:
1460:
1236:
1216:
1127:
1016:
1005:
862:, which is tuned to F or less commonly B
827:, but some, especially older horns, use
3072:
2806:. New York: Scribner. pp. 221–23.
2709:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2585:
1989:
3884:
2801:
2703:
2692:
2656:
2554:
2416:A replica of a Mozart-era natural horn
1313:; the right hand is cupped inside this
1269:Fourth valve to change between F and B
1061:Early horns were commonly pitched in B
949:(the clear modern distinction between
3222:
3196:
3041:
2853:
2795:
2683:
2592:Whitener, Scott and Cathy L. (1990).
2548:
2478:A French-made horn with piston valves
1490:), today it is played primarily as a
775:(since the 1930s known simply as the
3153:First steps of making a horn by hand
3121:
2859:
2779:
2773:
2736:
2643:
1520:is a special horn used primarily in
779:in professional music circles) is a
2993:
2978:
2959:The Acoustical Foundations of Music
2274:ARD International Music Competition
2023:ARD International Music Competition
2006:ARD International Music Competition
13:
3161:, by musicologist Edmund A. Bowles
3103:from the original on March 4, 2016
2996:"Playing Descant and Triple Horns"
2563:(1st ed.). New York: Norton.
2010:Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra
1433:
1292:Long tubing for F pitch with slide
922:doubles, which typically provide B
127:
14:
3928:
3134:
3094:
2325:, and rapper and record producer
1856:Orchestral and concert band horns
3155:(QuickTime Movie) at Finke Horns
3011:Musical instruments of the world
2981:"What is a Compensating Double?"
2742:
2624:
2507:
2495:
2483:
2471:
2450:
2438:
2421:
2409:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2351:
2339:
2282:Mozarteum University of Salzburg
2166:– former Principal Horn for the
2118:studios and composers including
1834:
1815:Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks
1779:, op. 36). Others, particularly
1601:
1442:
1257:, where the mouthpiece is placed
1132:Single horn in F, student model.
941:English, by their French names:
847:of the instrument (similar to a
25:
3115:
3088:
3073:Ericson, John (28 March 2010).
3066:
3057:
3044:"The History of the Mellophone"
3035:
3002:
2987:
2972:
2951:
2926:
2886:
2828:
2309:, comedian and television host
2278:Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra
2248:– former principal horn of the
2231:– former principal horn of the
2185:– former principal horn of the
2156:– former principal horn of the
2142:– former principal horn of the
2104:– former principal horn of the
2087:– former principal horn of the
2070:– former principal horn of the
2045:– former principal horn of the
1791:and other solo works. Mozart's
1456:
1327:. The use of the F versus the B
109:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
3789:Drum and bugle corps (classic)
2892:See, e.g., the performance of
2618:
2259:current principal Horn of the
2220:BBC Young Musician of the Year
2198:hornist 2000–2004, 2007–2010;
2160:, notable teacher and composer
2057:made well-known recordings of
2029:in 1988 and 1990, holder of a
1629:
1497:
1424:
1380:in London. In Germany and the
1212:
1136:
839:uses double-piston valves, or
1:
3794:Drum and bugle corps (modern)
2541:
2526:List of compositions for horn
2233:Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra
2224:London Philharmonic Orchestra
2178:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
2170:and well-known horn pedagogue
2129:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
2019:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
1879:, a chamber Baroque orchestra
1864:A horn section in a military
1693:List of compositions for horn
1686:
1622:(which is also the same as a
1561:Two instruments are called a
1550:
957:did not exist at that time).
250:List of compositions for horn
2237:Metropolitan Opera Orchestra
2076:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
2047:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
960:German makers first devised
237:More articles or information
7:
2519:
2257:Honolulu Symphony Orchestra
10:
3933:
3902:German musical instruments
3856:Pitch of brass instruments
3042:Monks, Greg (2006-01-06).
2749:International Horn Society
2403:Victoria and Albert Museum
2332:
2261:Houston Symphony Orchestra
2158:Madison Symphony Orchestra
2144:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
2127:– current principal horn,
2106:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
1993:
1911:Category:Jazz horn players
1908:
1904:
1752:(serenade) section of his
1738:Brandenburg Concerto no. 1
1710:Orchestra and concert band
1690:
1649:specifically for his work
1633:
1554:
1509:
1468:
1446:
1385:In the United States, the
1266:(also called a spit valve)
1096:In 1818 the German makers
999:
995:
975:International Horn Society
882:and blends with flutes or
792:(technically a variety of
54:Horn, Waldhorn, Ventilhorn
3848:
3802:
3761:
3668:
3625:
3569:
3434:
3230:
2836:"Grinell College Musical"
2745:"Harold Meek (1914–1998)"
2693:Beakes, Jennifer (2007).
2346:A modern full double horn
2250:London Symphony Orchestra
2174:Stefan de Leval Jezierski
1618:side of a double horn or
1241:Scheme of a double horn (
241:
236:
225:
220:
209:
204:
153:
146:
126:
119:
107:
87:
43:
36:
24:
3892:Concert band instruments
3181:How to dismantle a valve
2933:Tuckwell, Barry (1983).
2860:Meek, Harold L. (1997).
2802:Baines, Anthony (1976).
2712:Anatomy of the orchestra
2710:Del Mar, Norman (1983).
2176:– longest serving horn,
2097:Los Angeles Philharmonic
1944:, a trumpet player from
1740:. Once the technique of
1398:Compensating double horn
1231:near the left-most valve
1205:, now on display at the
1120:
1039:Jewish religious rituals
16:Type of brass instrument
3009:Diagram Group. (1976).
2657:Farkas, Philip (1956).
2555:Piston, Walter (1955).
2536:List of horn techniques
2514:A rose gold French Horn
2502:A French horn in Berlin
2385:A French Omnitonic horn
2280:, and professor at the
2202:horn faculty since 2006
1781:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1652:Der Ring des Nibelungen
1289:, for tuning each valve
935:
245:List of horn techniques
134:In F the horn sounds a
3912:Orchestral instruments
3640:Marching baritone horn
3046:. Al's Mellophone Page
2631:Pope Instrument Repair
2457:An older, French-made
2080:BBC Symphony Orchestra
2072:Philharmonia Orchestra
2051:Philharmonia Orchestra
1880:
1868:
1702:
1507:
1466:
1317:
1234:
1207:Royal Academy of Music
1133:
1026:
1014:
855:of different lengths.
157:Tenor horn (alto horn)
132:
3825:Classical trombonists
3422:Double bell euphonium
3189:- List of horn etudes
3122:Rees, Jasper (2009).
2894:Johann Sebastian Bach
2272:– 1983 winner of the
2187:New York Philharmonic
2093:New York Philharmonic
2021:, 1994 winner of the
2004:– 1964 winner of the
1982:, Adam Unsworth, and
1874:
1863:
1700:
1505:
1464:
1240:
1220:
1131:
1020:
1009:
928:and alto F branches.
131:
3147:British Horn Society
2902:as performed by the
2208:– horn virtuoso and
1996:List of horn players
1990:Notable horn players
1875:The horn section in
1724:(hunting symphony).
1584:drum and bugle corps
1580:marching instruments
1243:view from underneath
213:List of horn players
142:higher than written.
31:A modern double horn
2531:List of horn makers
2428:A hunting horn in E
2321:bassist and singer
2146:, developer of the
2055:Herbert von Karajan
1978:, Giovanni Hoffer,
1915:French horn in jazz
1612:, the same as the B
1528:. Instead of using
1260:Adjustable handrest
683:Electronic keyboard
268:Musical instruments
262:Part of a series on
229:List of horn makers
148:Related instruments
21:
3774:British brass band
3645:Marching euphonium
3412:Subcontrabass tuba
3170:2017-06-30 at the
3097:"The Horn Section"
2307:David Ogden Stiers
2239:, and played with
2168:Metropolitan Opera
1881:
1869:
1703:
1508:
1467:
1318:
1298:Short tubing for B
1235:
1153:, and almost all B
1134:
1027:
1015:
969:(chromatic horn).
868:. The more common
813:thoracic diaphragm
785:double horn in F/B
412:String instruments
133:
19:
3879:
3878:
3835:Euphonium players
3224:Brass instruments
2909:"Mass in B Minor"
2270:Radovan Vlatković
2263:and professor at
1980:Arkady Shilkloper
1492:period instrument
1449:Horn (instrument)
1002:Horn (instrument)
888:woodwind ensemble
769:
768:
347:Brass instruments
257:
256:
3924:
3917:Jazz instruments
3830:Jazz trombonists
3810:(all) Trumpeters
3748:Axial flow valve
3660:Contrabass bugle
3217:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3165:Horn maintenance
3128:
3127:
3126:. HarperCollins.
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2838:. Archived from
2832:
2826:
2825:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2751:. Archived from
2740:
2734:
2733:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2654:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2562:
2552:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2454:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2413:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2355:
2343:
2229:Gunther Schuller
2218:– winner of the
2089:Seattle Symphony
2027:Concertino Praga
2025:, winner of the
1930:Claude Thornhill
1896:
1895:
1877:I Solisti Veneti
1682:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1570:
1569:
1541:
1540:
1487:Hamburg Concerto
1419:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1304:pitch with slide
1303:
1302:
1274:
1273:
1200:
1199:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1098:Heinrich Stölzel
1084:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1010:Horn with three
943:trompe de chasse
927:
926:
917:
916:
911:
910:
905:
904:
895:
894:
877:
876:
867:
866:
790:
789:
781:brass instrument
761:
754:
747:
259:
258:
74:cor (d'harmonie)
38:Brass instrument
29:
22:
18:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3844:
3815:Jazz trumpeters
3798:
3757:
3753:Harmonic series
3669:Parts/technique
3664:
3621:
3565:
3524:Soprano helicon
3494:Baroque trumpet
3489:Natural trumpet
3430:
3381:Alto/Tenor horn
3265:Fanfare trumpet
3226:
3221:
3172:Wayback Machine
3137:
3132:
3131:
3124:A Devil to Play
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3095:Bacon, Thomas.
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3047:
3040:
3036:
3021:
3007:
3003:
2994:Ericson, John.
2992:
2988:
2979:Ericson, John.
2977:
2973:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2931:
2927:
2918:
2916:
2907:
2899:Mass in B Minor
2891:
2887:
2872:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2814:
2800:
2796:
2778:
2774:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2737:
2722:
2708:
2704:
2691:
2684:
2669:
2655:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2623:
2619:
2604:
2590:
2586:
2571:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2503:
2500:
2491:
2488:
2479:
2476:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2446:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2417:
2414:
2405:
2395:
2386:
2383:
2374:
2371:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2344:
2335:
2265:Rice University
2002:Hermann Baumann
1998:
1992:
1976:Vincent Chancey
1917:
1907:
1893:
1892:
1858:
1837:
1810:Richard Strauss
1783:, whose friend
1712:
1695:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1665:Richard Strauss
1638:
1632:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1538:
1537:
1514:
1500:
1473:
1459:
1451:
1445:
1436:
1434:Detachable bell
1427:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1300:
1299:
1271:
1270:
1215:
1203:Gebr. Alexander
1197:
1196:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1123:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1055:harmonic series
1004:
998:
967:corno cromatico
938:
924:
923:
914:
913:
908:
907:
902:
901:
892:
891:
874:
873:
864:
863:
787:
786:
765:
736:
735:
726:
718:
717:
668:
658:
657:
628:aka Kettledrums
541:
531:
530:
414:
404:
403:
349:
339:
338:
279:
114:
100:
96:
76:
68:
56:
48:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3930:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3289:Soprano cornet
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Pocket trumpet
3257:
3252:
3247:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3183:at Finke Horns
3178:
3176:Simon de Souza
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3136:
3135:External links
3133:
3130:
3129:
3114:
3087:
3065:
3056:
3034:
3019:
3001:
2986:
2971:
2957:Backus, John,
2950:
2943:
2925:
2885:
2871:978-1878822833
2870:
2852:
2827:
2813:978-0684152295
2812:
2794:
2772:
2743:Meek, Harold.
2735:
2721:978-0520045002
2720:
2702:
2682:
2668:978-0874870213
2667:
2642:
2617:
2603:978-0028728612
2602:
2584:
2570:978-0393097405
2569:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
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2501:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2445:A natural horn
2444:
2437:
2435:
2427:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2396:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2373:A hunting horn
2372:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2323:John Entwistle
2299:
2298:
2295:Deutsche Welle
2284:
2267:
2253:
2246:Barry Tuckwell
2243:
2226:
2213:
2206:Giovanni Punto
2203:
2196:Canadian Brass
2189:
2180:
2171:
2164:Julie Landsman
2161:
2151:
2137:
2134:Richard Dunbar
2131:
2122:
2112:Vincent DeRosa
2109:
2102:Dale Clevenger
2099:
2085:John Cerminaro
2082:
2065:
2063:horn concertos
2040:
2034:
2012:
1991:
1988:
1956:Julius Watkins
1906:
1903:
1857:
1854:
1836:
1833:
1829:Symphony No. 2
1794:A Musical Joke
1785:Joseph Leutgeb
1754:Symphony No. 7
1716:Leopold Mozart
1711:
1708:
1688:
1685:
1647:Richard Wagner
1634:Main article:
1631:
1628:
1620:valve trombone
1603:
1600:
1555:Main article:
1552:
1549:
1510:Main article:
1499:
1496:
1469:Main article:
1458:
1455:
1447:Main article:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1399:
1396:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1214:
1211:
1201:instrument by
1138:
1135:
1122:
1119:
1025:(15th century)
1023:Gaston Phoebus
1012:Perinet valves
1000:Main article:
997:
994:
937:
934:
831:(similar to a
767:
766:
764:
763:
756:
749:
741:
738:
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734:
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727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
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710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
678:Clavicytherium
675:
669:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
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645:
639:
634:
629:
623:
618:
613:
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588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
542:
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
415:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
350:
345:
344:
341:
340:
337:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
280:
275:
274:
271:
270:
264:
263:
255:
254:
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239:
238:
234:
233:
232:
231:
223:
222:
218:
217:
216:
215:
207:
206:
202:
201:
200:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
151:
150:
144:
143:
140:perfect fourth
124:
123:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
91:
89:Classification
85:
84:
45:
41:
40:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3929:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:F instruments
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Brass section
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:Brass quintet
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:Hand-stopping
3696:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
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3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
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3583:
3580:
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3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
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3554:
3552:
3549:
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3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:Slide trumpet
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3462:Tenor cornett
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Baritone horn
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3125:
3118:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3076:
3069:
3060:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2967:0-393-09096-5
2964:
2960:
2954:
2946:
2944:0-02-871530-6
2940:
2936:
2929:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2842:on 2015-09-26
2841:
2837:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2782:The Horn Call
2776:
2769:
2767:
2766:The Horn Call
2755:on 2021-05-13
2754:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2697:
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2670:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2559:Orchestration
2551:
2547:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2510:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2460:
2459:cor Ă pistons
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2424:
2419:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2354:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2313:, journalist
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:Ewan McGregor
2296:
2292:
2291:Sarah's Music
2288:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2210:hand-stopping
2207:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2148:Holton-Farkas
2145:
2141:
2140:Philip Farkas
2138:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:John Williams
2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:Radek Baborák
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:brass quintet
1842:
1835:Chamber music
1832:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:, op. 94 and
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:Gustav Mahler
1743:
1742:hand-stopping
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1684:
1676:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1602:Marching horn
1599:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1564:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1534:piston valves
1531:
1530:rotary valves
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1482:György Ligeti
1478:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1443:Related horns
1440:
1431:
1422:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1371:nickel silver
1360:
1338:
1336:
1335:Eduard Kruspe
1312:
1309:
1306:
1297:
1295:General slide
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:Rotary valves
1280:
1277:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1079:, D, C, and B
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1003:
993:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
970:
968:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
947:cor de chasse
944:
933:
929:
921:
899:
889:
885:
881:
871:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:piston valves
826:
825:rotary valves
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
782:
778:
774:
762:
757:
755:
750:
748:
743:
742:
740:
739:
732:
729:
728:
722:
721:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
667:
662:
661:
654:
651:
649:
646:
643:
642:Tubular bells
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
540:
535:
534:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
457:
456:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
419:
413:
408:
407:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
354:Baritone horn
352:
351:
348:
343:
342:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
294:Contrabassoon
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
278:
273:
272:
269:
266:
265:
261:
260:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
240:
235:
230:
227:
226:
224:
219:
214:
211:
210:
208:
203:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
162:Baritone horn
160:
158:
155:
154:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:perfect fifth
130:
125:
122:
121:Playing range
118:
112:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
3866:Horn section
3820:Horn players
3779:Balkan brass
3686:Rotary valve
3681:Piston valve
3612:Tibetan horn
3479:Natural horn
3457:Mute cornett
3404:
3368:
3329:
3307:
3295:
3281:
3237:
3123:
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3090:
3078:. Retrieved
3068:
3059:
3048:. Retrieved
3037:
3010:
3004:
2989:
2974:
2958:
2953:
2934:
2928:
2917:. Retrieved
2912:
2897:
2888:
2861:
2855:
2844:. Retrieved
2840:the original
2830:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2788:(1): 19–20.
2785:
2781:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2757:. Retrieved
2753:the original
2748:
2738:
2711:
2705:
2695:
2658:
2634:. Retrieved
2630:
2620:
2593:
2587:
2558:
2550:
2458:
2399:natural horn
2300:
2290:
2287:Sarah Willis
2183:Philip Myers
2154:Douglas Hill
2053:, with whom
2043:Dennis Brain
2037:Aubrey Brain
2031:Grammy Award
1951:Tears of Joy
1949:
1918:
1899:
1889:
1882:
1866:concert band
1841:wind quintet
1838:
1824:KonzertstĂĽck
1823:
1813:
1799:
1792:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1749:
1737:
1721:Jagdsinfonie
1719:
1713:
1704:
1701:Paxman horns
1650:
1639:
1624:bass trumpet
1605:
1596:
1588:
1573:
1562:
1560:
1515:
1485:
1477:natural horn
1474:
1471:Natural horn
1457:Natural horn
1452:
1437:
1428:
1401:
1375:
1361:
1339:
1319:
1242:
1230:
1193:Dennis Brain
1191:
1189:performers.
1140:
1124:
1107:
1103:natural horn
1102:
1095:
1091:
1073:, G, F, E, E
1060:
1043:
1028:
983:
978:
971:
966:
961:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
930:
919:
869:
859:
857:
841:pumpenvalves
835:'s) and the
810:
808:or hornist.
801:
797:
784:
776:
772:
770:
571:Glockenspiel
454:
453:
416:
373:
177:Natural horn
81:
73:
65:
61:
53:
3323:Wagner tuba
3318:Vienna horn
3313:German horn
3308:French horn
3187:Horn Etudes
2625:Pope, Ken.
2360:Vienna horn
2311:Jon Stewart
2241:Miles Davis
2216:David Pyatt
2192:Jeff Nelsen
2125:Stefan Dohr
2108:(1966–2013)
1968:David Amram
1960:Willie Ruff
1946:Stan Kenton
1938:Miles Davis
1769:Saint-Saëns
1636:Wagner tuba
1630:Wagner tuba
1518:Vienna horn
1512:Vienna horn
1506:Vienna horn
1498:Vienna horn
1425:Triple horn
1213:Double horn
1209:in London.
1137:Single horn
1108:The use of
990:Vienna horn
986:German horn
912:, descant E
870:double horn
860:single horn
837:Vienna horn
806:horn player
794:German horn
773:French horn
693:Harpsichord
471:Bass guitar
439:Hurdy-gurdy
429:Double bass
374:French horn
299:Cor anglais
197:Wagner tuba
192:Vienna horn
167:German horn
44:Other names
20:French horn
3886:Categories
3769:Brass band
3718:Pedal tone
3708:Mouthpiece
3703:Embouchure
3655:Sousaphone
3650:Trombonium
3635:Mellophone
3570:Indigenous
3561:Jazzophone
3551:Saxotromba
3541:Sudrophone
3531:Ophicleide
3452:Cornettino
3435:Antiquated
3386:Flugelhorn
3337:Contrabass
3245:Contrabass
3107:14 January
3080:14 January
3050:2008-07-29
3020:0871963205
2919:2013-11-29
2846:2019-01-10
2759:2018-09-04
2636:2018-02-22
2542:References
2315:Chuck Todd
2078:, and the
2068:Alan Civil
1994:See also:
1984:Tom Varner
1972:John Clark
1964:John Graas
1909:See also:
1750:Nachtmusik
1691:See also:
1687:Repertoire
1661:Stravinsky
1592:embouchure
1563:mellophone
1557:Mellophone
1551:Mellophone
1250:Mouthpiece
1067:alto, A, A
817:embouchure
673:Clavichord
648:Vibraphone
644:aka Chimes
616:Snare drum
586:Lithophone
539:Percussion
384:Tenor horn
379:Mellophone
369:Flugelhorn
314:Nadaswaram
172:Mellophone
3762:Ensembles
3743:Water key
3728:Valve oil
3484:Post horn
3417:Euphonium
3396:Kuhlohorn
3357:Superbone
3029:223164947
2116:Hollywood
1942:Don Ellis
1934:cool jazz
1926:Gil Evans
1885:Beethoven
1849:Horn Trio
1675:euphonium
1576:alto horn
1545:glissando
1392:Dan Rauch
1359:lengths.
1264:Water key
1114:chromatic
884:clarinets
845:harmonics
713:Virginals
688:Harmonium
666:Keyboards
653:Xylophone
637:Tubaphone
606:Mridangam
596:MarĂmbula
546:Bass drum
364:Euphonium
329:Saxophone
277:Woodwinds
205:Musicians
182:Post horn
94:Aerophone
3738:Leadpipe
3627:Marching
3587:Vuvuzela
3362:Cimbasso
3331:Trombone
3270:Firebird
3168:Archived
3101:Archived
2880:35636932
2730:10561390
2612:19128016
2520:See also
2464:♭
2431:♭
2049:and the
1894:♭
1820:Schumann
1802:Bruckner
1789:concerti
1726:Telemann
1680:♯
1670:♭
1657:Bruckner
1615:♭
1609:♭
1568:♭
1539:♭
1417:♭
1411:♭
1405:♭
1365:♭
1355:♭
1349:♭
1343:♭
1330:♭
1324:♭
1307:Bellpipe
1301:♭
1272:♭
1255:Leadpipe
1198:♭
1182:♭
1176:♭
1170:♭
1163:♭
1156:♭
1150:♭
1144:♭
1082:♭
1076:♭
1070:♭
1064:♭
925:♭
915:♭
909:♭
903:♭
896:, and a
893:♭
875:♭
865:♭
788:♭
632:Triangle
621:Steelpan
581:Handbell
556:Carillon
501:Shamisen
491:Mandolin
389:Trombone
304:Clarinet
284:Bagpipes
221:Builders
3840:Tubists
3803:Players
3577:Alphorn
3556:Bazooka
3546:Saxtuba
3536:Serpent
3519:Helicon
3514:Sackbut
3499:Buccina
3447:Cornett
3442:Clarion
3391:Fiscorn
3370:Saxhorn
3352:Soprano
3275:Flumpet
3255:Piccolo
3239:Trumpet
2913:YouTube
2822:3795926
2677:5587694
2401:at the
2333:Gallery
2319:The Who
1905:In jazz
1777:Romance
1761:Poulenc
1732:and in
1526:Austria
1382:Benelux
1275:pitches
1051:recheat
996:History
951:trompes
920:descant
898:descant
880:octaves
833:trumpet
798:descant
626:Timpani
591:Marimba
566:Cymbals
561:Celesta
516:Ukulele
511:Tambura
476:Guzheng
455:Plucked
394:Trumpet
324:Piccolo
289:Bassoon
187:Saxhorn
113:423.232
3713:Falset
3676:Valves
3607:Sringa
3602:Shofar
3597:Carnyx
3509:Buccin
3283:Cornet
3231:Modern
3027:
3017:
2965:
2941:
2915:. 2012
2878:
2868:
2820:
2810:
2728:
2718:
2675:
2665:
2610:
2600:
2579:300471
2577:
2567:
2095:, and
2074:, the
2059:Mozart
2033:(1995)
1808:, and
1806:Mahler
1767:) and
1765:Elegie
1730:Handel
1522:Vienna
1378:Paxman
1287:Slides
1223:valves
1110:valves
1087:crooks
1035:shofar
962:crooks
853:crooks
821:valves
802:triple
731:Ghatam
725:Others
708:Spinet
526:Zither
466:Guitar
449:Violin
359:Cornet
334:Tharai
80:
72:
62:trompa
60:
52:
3907:Horns
3849:Other
3733:Crook
3693:Mutes
3617:Wazza
3592:Nyele
3582:Nabal
3469:Cornu
3303:Bugle
2904:Proms
2327:B.o.B
1225:of a
1121:Types
1031:horns
886:in a
849:bugle
703:Piano
698:Organ
611:Parai
601:Melam
506:Sitar
461:Banjo
444:Viola
434:Huqin
424:Cello
418:Bowed
309:Flute
102:Brass
82:corno
66:corno
3723:Bore
3474:Dord
3406:Tuba
3347:Alto
3342:Bass
3297:Horn
3250:Bass
3109:2012
3082:2012
3025:OCLC
3015:ISBN
2963:ISBN
2939:ISBN
2935:Horn
2876:OCLC
2866:ISBN
2818:OCLC
2808:ISBN
2726:OCLC
2716:ISBN
2673:OCLC
2663:ISBN
2608:OCLC
2598:ISBN
2575:OCLC
2565:ISBN
2461:in E
2305:and
2235:and
1921:jazz
1913:and
1843:and
1734:Bach
1663:and
1643:tuba
1516:The
1475:The
1387:Conn
1311:Bell
1227:Conn
1221:The
1187:jazz
1047:hunt
988:and
979:horn
955:cors
953:and
936:Name
800:and
777:horn
771:The
576:Gong
551:Bell
521:Yazh
496:Harp
486:Lyre
481:Koto
399:Tuba
319:Oboe
98:Wind
47:Horn
2896:'s
2293:on
2061:'s
1822:'s
1736:'s
1532:or
1484:'s
945:or
78:it:
70:fr:
64:or
58:es:
50:de:
3888::
3099:.
3023:.
2911:.
2874:.
2816:.
2784:.
2762:.
2747:.
2724:.
2685:^
2671:.
2645:^
2629:.
2606:.
2573:.
2397:A
2358:A
2329:.
2317:,
2194:–
2091:,
1986:.
1974:,
1970:,
1966:,
1962:,
1958:,
1804:,
1756:.
1659:,
1524:,
1245:)
1041:.
981:.
3216:e
3209:t
3202:v
3111:.
3084:.
3053:.
3031:.
2998:.
2983:.
2969:.
2947:.
2922:.
2882:.
2849:.
2824:.
2786:1
2732:.
2679:.
2639:.
2614:.
2581:.
2297:.
1771:(
1763:(
1321:B
900:E
760:e
753:t
746:v
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