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361:, which is an ancient Nordic natural horn. In 1797, archeologists had unearthed ancient lurs that were still in playable condition. Through this, Wagner knew it was the sound he was searching for, but the natural horns were not chromatic. This meant that Wagner needed the flexibility of a saxhorn, which were valved instruments that allowed for chromatic range.
433:, which (like those on the horn) are played with the left hand. Horn players traditionally double on Wagner tubas because the mouthpiece and fingering are identical, though the size of the bore of the Wagner tuba is midway between that of a euphonium and a horn. The Wagner tuba's bore size is similar to that of a cornophone, which results in a similar sound.
356:
He planned to use four pairs of horn players; the last two pairs would double on the new instruments, a pair pitched in F (bass tuben) and a pair in Bb (tenor tuben). Wagner wanted a sound that would invoke Norse legends and create a better blend in the brass section. He wanted an instrument that had
582:
As time passed, the availability and convenience of including Wagner tubas in concert programs became a reoccurring problem. In the 20th century, prominent composers such as Arnold
Schoenberg and Igor Stravinsky began to write sparingly for the instrument, while other composers attempted to continue
384:
firm in Berlin, Wagner was able to develop his idea into a finished product. Another important figure in the development of the Wagner Tuba was
Belgian Writer and Musician, Victor-Charles Mahillon. Mahillon designed a Wagner Tuba to be specifically played by trombonists, contrasting Adolphe Sax's
586:
Rued
Langgaard, a great admirer of Bruckner, wrote for eight horns in his First Symphony (1908-11); four of these parts were written for tenor and bass Wagner tubas. When this work was eventually premiered, the orchestra decided against using Wagner tubas, instead playing the parts on horn. This
595:
Wagner tubas are typically played by players who are also playing a horn. In an orchestral score, the staves for the Wagner tubas then logically go below those of the horns and above the standard tubas. If they are played by players who are not also playing a horn, they are placed below the
351:
which was based on Nordic mythology. He was attempting to perfect the
Valhalla motive, as this was the first opera in which he attempted to conceive pitch, rhythm, and instrumentation in a single step. He first planned to use trombones for the motive, but ultimately decided to create a new
562:
Composers such as Wagner who made use of this instrument would later inspire future composers to also write for the Wagner tuba. Wagner tubas appear in the work of composers such as
Richard Strauss, Anton Bruckner, BĂ©la BartĂłk, and many more. Anton Bruckner employed Wagner tubas in his
442:
and bass in F, with ranges comparable to those of horns in the same pitches while being less adept at the highest notes. Several 20th-century and later manufacturers have, however, combined the two instruments into a double Wagner tuba that can easily be configured in either
376:. The saxhorn had a more cylindrical and larger bore, used the parabolic cupped mouthpiece, and thus had a more brassy tone that wasn't quite suitable for Wagner's tonal intent. Instead, Wagner's wanted aural effect was obtained by a conical
1475:"Concise Oxford English Dictionary (11th edition) edited by Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Concise Oxford English Dictionary (11th edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press 2008. xx+1,708 pp., ISBN: 0 19 860864 0 ÂŁ20.00 $ 29.95"
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writing for it in the 1960s. These composers would continue to face the same difficulties as their predecessors, which would ultimately lead to composers avoiding writing for the instrument altogether.
380:, similar to a horn, and the use of the horn mouthpiece (tapered and conical, as opposed to the parabolic cup mouthpiece such as on a trombone). Finally, with the help of the
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681:
456:, but the notation used varies considerably and is a common source of confusion—Wagner himself used three different and incompatible notations in the course of the
272:, though despite its name, the Wagner tuba is more similar to the latter, and usually played by horn players. Wagner commissioned the instrument for his four-part
320:
by German writers, but it is most common to refer to them in
English as Wagner tubas. Wagner's published scores usually refer to these instruments in the plural,
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467:, sometimes leaving it unclear whether the score means true bass tubas or Wagner tubas. (For example, orchestras sometimes assume the two tenor tubas in
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Keays, James Harvey. "An investigation into the origins of the Wagner Tuba", DMA diss., (University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1977).
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The sound produced by this instrument has been variously described as "smoky", "metallic", "unearthly" and "majestic". Wagner tubas (or
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Norman, Lisa; Myers, Arnold; Campbell, Murray (May 2010). "Wagner Tubas and
Related Instruments: An Acoustical Comparison".
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421:
also produces Wagner tubas. Some other companies that manufacture Wagner tubas include Hans Hoyer, Wessex, and
Alexander.
86:
2535:
58:
1214:
Melton, William (May 2004). "Greetings from Heaven or
Demonic Noise?: A History of the Wagner Tuba - Part 8: Revival".
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201:
105:
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579:. This change is simplified by the fact that the horn and Wagner tuba use the same mouthpiece and same fingering.
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An additional source of confusion is that the instruments are invariably designated in orchestral scores simply as
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Silva, Ana Sofia. "The Origins and Revival of a Wagner Tuba." MM thesis, (University of South Dakota, 2013).
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Symphonies. In both symphonies, the four Wagner tubas are played by players who alternate between
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says they are poorly named, since "they are really modified horns" rather than actual tubas.
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The name "Wagner tuba" is considered problematic, and possibly incorrect, by many theorists.
460:, and all three of these systems (plus some others) have been used by subsequent composers.
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2008:
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1197:(New York: Prentice Hall, 1990), p. 348: "It has frequently been pointed out that the name
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experience led to a frustrated Langgaard to exclude Wagner tubas from future works.
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built by Gebr. Alexander Mainz. Rhein. Musikinstrumentenfabrik GmbH (Mainz, Germany)
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a quartet of them is first heard in the slow movement in memory of Wagner, and
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https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/mahillons-wagner-tubas-revisited
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trombones, above the regular tuba, which is then called a "contrabass tuba."
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1509:(Summer 1977). "The Instrumentation Draft of Wagner's "Das Rheingold"".
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The Wagner Tuba, history, composers and Edel Rhapsody (wagner-tuba.com)
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and Wagner tuba, which is the same procedure Wagner used in the
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1998:
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1462:"Koetsier's Skurrile Elegie for Wagner Tuba and String Quartet"
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horn manufacturer continues to produce Wagner tubas in F and B
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Since then, other composers have written for it, most notably
2361:
List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers
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273:
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268:. It combines technical features of both standard tubas and
1895:
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is a misnomer inasmuch as they are really modified horns."
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Wagner Tuba that is meant to be played by horn players.
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Webb, John (July 1998). "The Cornophone as Wagner Tuba".
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The Horn Call - Journal of the International Horn Society
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The Wagner tuba nominally exists in two sizes, tenor in B
358:
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673:, Elegie for Wagner Tuba and String Quartet/Orchestra
1586:
Webb, John (March 1996). "Mahillon's Wagner Tubas".
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1653:Brass instrument related to tubas and French horns
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1301:
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874:
822:
599:These composers have written for the instrument:
264:brass instrument commissioned by and named after
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2754:Das Judenthum in der Musik (Jewishness in Music)
3197:List of films using the music of Richard Wagner
3098:
1673:Evolution, Physics and Usage of the Wagner Tuba
936:"Music: It Takes Brass to Play the Wagner Tuba"
1351:
971:
3187:International Association of Wagner Societies
2798:
2387:
1698:
1512:Journal of the American Musicological Society
530:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
336:The Wagner tuba was originally created for
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1705:
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1678:Rehearsal by the Berlin Philharmonic horns
1136:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2255747
1258:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O901817
1042:University of Edinburgh Research Explorer
550:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1472:
1459:
1426:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.44349
1403:
1374:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.24763
1322:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43393
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1232:
1113:
1084:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21132
1026:(Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000), p. 41.
899:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29794
843:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.28525
477:are Wagner tubas, when the score means
3360:
1543:
1407:"Tarnopol'sky, Vladimir Grigor'yevich"
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1213:
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872:
282:, where its purpose was to bridge the
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452:Wagner tubas are normally written as
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1585:
967:
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955:
953:
951:
929:
927:
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866:
528:adding citations to reliable sources
495:
364:In 1853, Wagner visited the shop of
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
3296:
1193:Kent Kennan & Donald Grantham,
1038:"Mahillion's Wagner Tuba Revisited"
13:
2401:
1668:Felix Draeseke and the Wagner Tuba
1453:
1204:
1159:
14:
3394:
1656:
1182:Norman, Myers & Campbell 2010
1035:
1029:
962:
948:
934:Jepson, Barbara (April 4, 2013).
922:
324:, but sometimes in the singular,
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3333:
3321:
3295:
3285:
3276:
3275:
2863:Männerlist größer als Frauenlist
2629:
2617:
2605:
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2534:
2506:
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2482:
500:
124:
20:
1460:Binsley, Erika (October 2016).
1397:
1345:
1293:
1226:
1187:
31:needs additional citations for
3258:Richard Wagner Museum, Lucerne
2614:Die Meistersinger von NĂĽrnberg
2279:Drum and bugle corps (classic)
1521:University of California Press
1195:The Technique of Orchestration
1107:
1055:
1016:
814:
429:The Wagner tuba is built with
1:
2747:A Communication to My Friends
2284:Drum and bugle corps (modern)
807:
590:
1443:UK public library membership
1391:UK public library membership
1339:UK public library membership
1275:UK public library membership
1153:UK public library membership
1101:UK public library membership
1062:Larkin, Christopher (2001).
916:UK public library membership
860:UK public library membership
352:instrument, which he called
131:Model 110 Double tuba in F/B
7:
2997:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
2954:Bayreuth Festival Orchestra
2414:List of works for the stage
314:Bayreuth-tuben, Ring-tuben,
311:Wagnertuben, Waldhorntuben,
10:
3399:
2671:Das Liebesmahl der Apostel
2346:Pitch of brass instruments
1620:The Galpin Society Journal
1589:The Galpin Society Journal
1566:The Galpin Society Journal
1548:. Aachen: Edition Ebenos.
1546:The Wagner Tuba: A History
1404:Rexroth, Tat′yana (2001).
1300:Becher, Christoph (2001).
976:The Wagner Tuba: A History
690:Traumzeit und Traumdeutung
409:Paxman Musical Instruments
331:
309:) are also referred to as
3271:
3165:
3129:
3055:
2977:
2969:Richard Wagner Foundation
2924:
2899:
2834:
2791:
2733:The Artwork of the Future
2717:
2644:
2521:
2470:
2427:
2409:
2338:
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2158:
2115:
2059:
1924:
1720:
1491:10.1108/09504120510573710
491:
424:
233:
226:
200:
150:
143:
123:
2843:Die Laune des Verliebten
1544:Melton, William (2008).
873:Bryant, Raymond (2001).
821:Bevan, Clifford (2001).
686:Gonzales the Earth Eater
3248:Wagner-Werk-Verzeichnis
3208:Nietzsche contra Wagner
3142:Richard Wagner Memorial
3137:Richard Wagner Monument
2531:Der Ring des Nibelungen
2479:Der fliegende Holländer
1418:Oxford University Press
1366:Oxford University Press
1352:Rokus de Groot (2001).
1314:Oxford University Press
1250:Oxford University Press
1128:Oxford University Press
1114:Hawkins, Frank (2014).
1076:Oxford University Press
972:David M. Guion (2009).
941:The Wall Street Journal
891:Oxford University Press
889:and John Webb. Oxford:
835:Oxford University Press
454:transposing instruments
347:Der Ring des Nibelungen
279:Der Ring des Nibelungen
2959:Bayreuth Festspielhaus
2130:Marching baritone horn
801:Bernd Alois Zimmermann
368:, the inventor of the
3220:The Perfect Wagnerite
2814:Ride of the Valkyries
2740:Autobiographic Sketch
2315:Classical trombonists
1912:Double bell euphonium
1473:Duckett, Bob (2008).
716:Einojuhani Rautavaara
2419:List of compositions
756:Vladimir Tarnopolsky
688:(1 Wagner tuba) and
524:improve this section
40:improve this article
3152:Wagner Ice Piedmont
3056:Cultural depictions
3047:Eva Wagner-Pasquier
2873:Wieland der Schmied
2775:Music of the Future
2651:Symphony in C major
1117:"Schmid, Engelbert"
228:Related instruments
120:
3232:Der Ring in Minden
3174:The Case of Wagner
2933:Bayreuther Blätter
2726:Art and Revolution
2645:Non-operatic music
2602:Tristan und Isolde
2264:British brass band
2135:Marching euphonium
1902:Subcontrabass tuba
1413:Grove Music Online
1361:Grove Music Online
1309:Grove Music Online
1245:Grove Music Online
1123:Grove Music Online
1071:Grove Music Online
994:10.1353/not.0.0190
882:Grove Music Online
830:Grove Music Online
766:Ricardo Matosinhos
721:Eurico Carrapatoso
640:Alberto Franchetti
417:. The workshop of
118:
3368:Opera terminology
3309:
3308:
3125:
3124:
2949:Bayreuth Festival
2925:Bayreuth Festival
2920:
2919:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2887:(1858; text only)
2878:
2877:(1850; text only)
2868:
2858:
2848:
2835:Unfinished operas
2830:
2829:
2706:
2696:
2691:Wesendonck Lieder
2686:
2685:(1844, rev. 1855)
2676:
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2655:
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2639:
2596:
2595:
2517:
2516:
2466:
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2369:
2368:
2325:Euphonium players
1714:Brass instruments
1555:978-3-9808379-1-0
1507:Knapp, J. Merrill
1479:Reference Reviews
1441:(subscription or
1435:978-1-56159-263-0
1389:(subscription or
1383:978-1-56159-263-0
1337:(subscription or
1331:978-1-56159-263-0
1273:(subscription or
1267:978-1-56159-263-0
1151:(subscription or
1145:978-1-56159-263-0
1099:(subscription or
1093:978-1-56159-263-0
914:(subscription or
908:978-1-56159-263-0
887:Anthony C. Baines
858:(subscription or
852:978-1-56159-263-0
741:Arnold Schoenberg
735:An Indian Requiem
726:Esa-Pekka Salonen
696:Elisabeth Lutyens
661:Hans Werner Henze
656:Sofia Gubaidulina
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3130:Named for Wagner
3099:Film adaptations
3096:
3095:
3027:Siegfried Wagner
3012:Katharina Wagner
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2450:Das Liebesverbot
2432:
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2320:Jazz trombonists
2300:(all) Trumpeters
2238:Axial flow valve
2150:Contrabass bugle
1707:
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1022:John Humphries,
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762:(6 Wagner tubas)
746:Ragnar Søderlind
737:(2 Wagner tubas)
692:(2 Wagner tubas)
555:
548:
544:
541:
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419:Engelbert Schmid
416:
415:
290:gap between the
145:Brass instrument
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89:
48:
24:
16:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3332:
3328:Classical music
3322:
3320:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3267:
3181:Gesamtkunstwerk
3161:
3147:Wagner (crater)
3121:
3094:
3051:
3042:Wolfgang Wagner
3037:Winifred Wagner
2992:Eva Chamberlain
2973:
2964:Jahrhundertring
2944:Bayreuth Circle
2916:
2891:
2826:
2787:
2782:Opera and Drama
2713:
2701:Siegfried Idyll
2636:
2592:
2582:Götterdämmerung
2513:
2471:Romantic operas
2462:
2428:Complete operas
2423:
2405:
2400:
2370:
2365:
2334:
2305:Jazz trumpeters
2288:
2247:
2243:Harmonic series
2159:Parts/technique
2154:
2111:
2055:
2014:Soprano helicon
1984:Baroque trumpet
1979:Natural trumpet
1920:
1871:Alto/Tenor horn
1755:Fanfare trumpet
1716:
1711:
1659:
1654:
1556:
1456:
1454:Further reading
1451:
1450:
1440:
1436:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1384:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1332:
1303:"Lopez, George"
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1268:
1234:Maehder, JĂĽrgen
1231:
1227:
1212:
1205:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1094:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1036:Myers, Arnold.
1034:
1030:
1021:
1017:
970:
963:
958:
949:
932:
923:
913:
909:
871:
867:
857:
853:
819:
815:
810:
805:
776:Igor Stravinsky
771:Robert Davidson
751:Richard Strauss
651:Jerry Goldsmith
620:Friedrich Cerha
593:
556:
545:
539:
536:
521:
505:
494:
445:
444:
438:
437:
427:
413:
412:
402:Alpine Symphony
398:Richard Strauss
357:the sound of a
334:
196:
182:Tuba wagneriana
139:
133:
132:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3396:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3373:Richard Wagner
3370:
3355:
3354:
3342:
3330:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3214:Parsifal bells
3211:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3102:
3100:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3080:Wagner's Dream
3076:
3068:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3032:Wieland Wagner
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Isolde Beidler
2983:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2939:Bayreuth canon
2936:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2869:
2859:
2849:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2800:
2799:Opera excerpts
2793:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2697:
2687:
2681:Faust Overture
2677:
2667:
2656:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2541:
2539:
2523:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2438:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:Richard Wagner
2399:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1779:Soprano cornet
1769:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1750:Pocket trumpet
1747:
1742:
1737:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1657:External links
1655:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1633:10.2307/842768
1614:
1602:10.2307/842402
1583:
1560:
1554:
1541:
1529:10.2307/831220
1503:
1470:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1434:
1396:
1382:
1355:"Schat, Peter"
1344:
1330:
1292:
1280:
1266:
1239:"Schat, Peter"
1225:
1203:
1186:
1174:
1158:
1144:
1106:
1092:
1054:
1028:
1024:The Early Horn
1015:
988:(4): 787–789.
961:
947:
921:
907:
865:
851:
812:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
786:Richard Wagner
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
753:
748:
743:
738:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
679:
677:Rued Langgaard
674:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
637:
635:Felix Draeseke
632:
627:
625:Stephen Caudel
622:
617:
615:Anton Bruckner
612:
607:
601:
592:
589:
558:
557:
508:
506:
499:
493:
490:
426:
423:
394:Symphony No. 7
390:Anton Bruckner
338:Richard Wagner
333:
330:
266:Richard Wagner
252:
251:
250:
249:
244:
239:
231:
230:
224:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
204:
202:Classification
198:
197:
195:
194:
192:Tuba wagnérien
185:
175:
165:
154:
152:
148:
147:
141:
140:
129:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3395:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:F instruments
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3302:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Controversies
3241:
3239:
3238:Tristan chord
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:Cosima Wagner
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2979:Wagner family
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:Bridal Chorus
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2546:Das Rheingold
2543:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Brass section
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:Brass quintet
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Hand-stopping
2186:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Slide trumpet
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1952:Tenor cornett
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Baritone horn
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1466:The Horn Call
1463:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
977:
968:
966:
956:
954:
952:
943:
942:
937:
930:
928:
926:
917:
910:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:. Revised by
884:
883:
877:
876:"Wagner tuba"
869:
861:
854:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:
825:
817:
813:
802:
799:
797:
796:John Williams
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
781:Edgard Varèse
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
761:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
736:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
706:Michael Nyman
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
691:
687:
683:
680:
678:
675:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Andrew Downes
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
597:
588:
584:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
554:
551:
543:
533:
529:
525:
519:
518:
514:
509:This section
507:
503:
498:
497:
489:
487:
482:
480:
476:
475:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
450:
434:
432:
431:rotary valves
422:
420:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
355:
350:
348:
343:
339:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
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55:"Wagner tuba"
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29:This article
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3002:Ludwig Geyer
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2310:Horn players
2269:Balkan brass
2176:Rotary valve
2171:Piston valve
2102:Tibetan horn
1969:Natural horn
1947:Mute cornett
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38:Please help
33:verification
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3301:WikiProject
3157:3992 Wagner
3117:(1982 film)
3109:(1904 film)
3090:(1986 film)
3083:(2012 film)
3075:(1983 film)
3022:Nike Wagner
2912:Wagner tuba
2792:Other opera
2558:Die WalkĂĽre
2435:Early works
1813:Wagner tuba
1808:Vienna horn
1803:German horn
1798:French horn
1627:: 193–195.
1596:: 207–212.
1573:: 143–158.
1523:: 272–295.
791:Alec Wilder
731:Peter Schat
610:BĂ©la BartĂłk
605:Thomas Adès
486:Kent Kennan
474:Sinfonietta
392:, in whose
366:Adolphe Sax
292:French horn
258:Wagner tuba
237:French horn
162:Wagner tuba
151:Other names
119:Wagner tuba
3362:Categories
3202:Musikdrama
2900:Inventions
2883:Die Sieger
2768:Mein Leben
2491:Tannhäuser
2259:Brass band
2208:Pedal tone
2198:Mouthpiece
2193:Embouchure
2145:Sousaphone
2140:Trombonium
2125:Mellophone
2060:Indigenous
2051:Jazzophone
2041:Saxotromba
2031:Sudrophone
2021:Ophicleide
1942:Cornettino
1925:Antiquated
1876:Flugelhorn
1827:Contrabass
1735:Contrabass
1416:. Oxford:
1364:. Oxford:
1312:. Oxford:
1248:. Oxford:
1126:. Oxford:
1074:. Oxford:
833:. Oxford:
824:"Tuba (i)"
808:References
711:Alex Prior
701:John Melby
591:Repertoire
479:euphoniums
318:Horn-tuben
303:Tenortuben
284:acoustical
260:is a four-
172:Wagnertuba
96:April 2020
66:newspapers
3263:Wahnfried
3192:Leitmotif
3088:Wahnfried
2821:Liebestod
2570:Siegfried
2503:Lohengrin
2252:Ensembles
2233:Water key
2218:Valve oil
1974:Post horn
1907:Euphonium
1886:Kuhlohorn
1847:Superbone
1499:0950-4125
1485:(1): 33.
1445:required)
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1236:(2002) .
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1103:required)
1010:192113766
1002:1534-150X
978:(review)"
918:required)
862:required)
760:Wahnfried
511:does not
370:saxophone
307:Basstuben
247:Euphonium
219:Aerophone
3281:Category
3115:Parsifal
3107:Parsifal
2718:Writings
2662:Overture
2626:Parsifal
2443:Die Feen
2228:Leadpipe
2117:Marching
2077:Vuvuzela
1852:Cimbasso
1821:Trombone
1760:Firebird
1579:20753660
1222:: 43–52.
1065:"Paxman"
645:Germania
540:May 2015
446:♭
439:♭
414:♭
342:operatic
296:trombone
288:textural
134:♭
3314:Portals
3166:Related
3067:(opera)
2761:Leubald
2660:Polonia
2330:Tubists
2293:Players
2067:Alphorn
2046:Bazooka
2036:Saxtuba
2026:Serpent
2009:Helicon
2004:Sackbut
1989:Buccina
1937:Cornett
1932:Clarion
1881:Fiscorn
1860:Saxhorn
1842:Soprano
1765:Flumpet
1745:Piccolo
1729:Trumpet
565:Seventh
532:removed
517:sources
469:Janáček
374:saxhorn
332:History
80:scholar
3072:Wagner
2867:(1838)
2857:(1832)
2847:(1830)
2705:(1870)
2695:(1858)
2675:(1843)
2665:(1836)
2654:(1832)
2457:Rienzi
2203:Falset
2166:Valves
2097:Sringa
2092:Shofar
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1999:Buccin
1773:Cornet
1721:Modern
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3383:Horns
3352:Music
3340:Opera
3291:Audio
2339:Other
2223:Crook
2183:Mutes
2107:Wazza
2082:Nyele
2072:Nabal
1959:Cornu
1793:Bugle
1637:JSTOR
1606:JSTOR
1575:JSTOR
1533:JSTOR
1519:(2).
1199:tubas
1047:9 May
1006:S2CID
982:Notes
569:Ninth
465:tubas
322:Tuben
274:opera
262:valve
214:Brass
87:JSTOR
73:books
2213:Bore
1964:Dord
1896:Tuba
1837:Alto
1832:Bass
1787:Horn
1740:Bass
1550:ISBN
1495:ISSN
1430:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1049:2024
998:ISSN
903:ISBN
847:ISBN
577:Ring
573:horn
567:and
515:any
513:cite
458:Ring
407:The
378:bore
372:and
326:Tuba
305:and
294:and
286:and
256:The
242:Tuba
209:Wind
59:news
1629:doi
1598:doi
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