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408:, that Russia acquired from Sweden earlier in 1721 and 1743. Under the rule of Russian tsars Finland kept all the taxes collected on its territory, the decisions of Finnish courts were not subject of review by Russian courts, and all government positions (except for the Governor General) were occupied by natives of Finland. Population migration from actual parts of the Russia Empire to Finland was de facto prohibited until early 1900's. The use of Russian language was never required during the reign of Russian emperors in Finland.
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791:. Russia claims that NATO's persistent invitations for the two countries to join the military alliance would have major political and military consequences which would threaten stability in the Nordic region. Furthermore, Russia sees Finland's inclusion in NATO as a threat to Russian national security since the United States would likely be able to deploy military equipment in Finland if the country were to join NATO.
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435:, Russians were virtually equated with Communists and due to official hostility to Communism, Finno-Soviet relations in the period between the world wars remained tense. During these years Karelia was a highly Russian occupied military ground; the operation was led by Russian general Waltteri Asikainen. Most ethnic Russians, who lived in Finland prior to 1918, immigrated to other countries, primarily Germany and USA.
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798:, reasserted Finnish sovereignty by stating that the Finnish government reserved the right to apply for NATO membership. Furthermore, Niinistö said that Russian demands threaten the "European security order". Additionally, he believes that transatlantic cooperation is needed for the maintenance of sovereignty and security of some EU member states, including Finland.
547:. The Finns suffered 89,108 dead or missing military personnel during these wars but inflicted severe casualties on the Soviet Union: 126,875–167,976 dead or missing during the Winter War and 250,000–305,000 dead or missing during the Continuation War. Finland ceded 11% of its territory—including the major city
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On 6 June 2023 Finland expelled nine
Russian diplomats, believed to be working for an intelligence service. In July 2023 Russia ordered the closure of the St Petersburg consulate and expelled nine diplomats. Entry into Finland for Russian citizens will be limited for an indefinite period.
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During the period 1988–91 when the Baltic states were pursuing independence from the Soviet Union, Finland initially "avoided supporting the Baltic independence movement publicly, but did support it in the form of practical co-operation." However, after the failed
45:
670:
Having introduced a ban on
Russian registered cars entering Finland in September, a ban on Russians on bicycles was introduced in November 2023. Four of the eight eastern border crossings were closed for three months by Finland in November.
73:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
551:—to the Soviet Union, but prevented the Soviets from annexing Finland into the USSR. Of all the continental European nations combating, as part of World War II, Helsinki and Moscow were the only capitals not occupied.
1842:
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Ritvanen, Juha-Matti (2020-06-12). "The change in
Finnish Baltic policy as a turning point in Finnish-Soviet relations. Finland, Baltic independence and the end of the Soviet Union 1988-1991".
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with
Russian technology. From midnight 13—14 May 2022, Russia suspended electricity supplies to Finland, forcing Finland to rely more on and improve its grid connections with
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was a political crisis that occurred in Soviet–Finnish relations in the autumn of 1958. The crisis was resolved when
President Kekkonen visited Leningrad in January 1959.
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The cold war period saw
Finland attempt to stake a middle ground between the western and eastern blocs, in order to appease the USSR so as to prevent another war, and
987:, support among the Finnish populace for NATO membership increased from below 30% to 60-70%. On 12 May 2022, Finnish President Niinistö and Finnish Prime Minister
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995:. Finland formally became a member of NATO on 4 April 2023 during a scheduled summit, finalizing the fastest accession process in the treaty's history.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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announced that
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started, Finland, as one of the EU countries, imposed sanctions on Russia, and Russia added all EU countries to the list of "
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Wuorinen, John H. "Appendix A: Alexander I's Act of
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
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At NATO's Door: Russia's invasion of
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was other a political crisis between Soviet–Finnish relations in 1961. Note Crisis (Nootti) was connected to the
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was the only official language in Finland). In addition, on December 11, 1811, Russia transferred to Finland the
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in Russia, Finland recognized the Baltic states and restored diplomatic relations with them.
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through the auspices of that rule. Russia occupied parts of modern Finland several times: The
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subsequently announced that the EU would assist Finland in securing its eastern border.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1573:"Ylen kysely: Nato-jäsenyyden kannatus vahvistuu – 62 prosenttia haluaa nyt Natoon"
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Relations between Finland and Russia have been conducted over many centuries, from
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388:. In turn, Alexander I granted Finland, for the first time in Finnish history, a
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at the Helsinki Railway Station before traveling back to Soviet Union in 1960
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Lieutenant marching in front to the Tsar's left (to the viewer's right) is
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Finland fought two wars against the Soviet Union during World War II: the
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on an official visit to the Soviet Union. Kekkonen is raising his hands,
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Faloon, Brian S. "The Dimensions of Independence: The Case of Finland."
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1987:
1549:"Finns warm to NATO in alarmed reaction to Russian invasion of Ukraine"
1389:"Russian energy supplier cuts off electricity to Finland amid NATO bid"
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1331:"EU to deploy more guards to bolster Finland's border control efforts"
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1695:"Finland joins NATO in the alliance's fastest-ever accession process"
1624:"Finland must apply to join Nato without delay, say president and PM"
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did not abide by the treaty when they blockaded Finnish naval ships.
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Neither Stalin nor Hitler : Finland during the Second World War
1673:"Live streaming : Meeting of NATO Ministers of Foreign Affairs"
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bas-relief, which has not been removed since the dissolution of the
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Russia is suspected of large-scale spying on the IT networks at the
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even held new elections when the previous results were objectionable
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Between East and West: Finland in international politics, 1944-1947
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Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
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Nenye, Vesa; Munter, Peter; Wirtanen, Toni; Birks, Chris (2016).
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with Soviet technology, and (until May 2022) planned the 1.2 GW
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1259:"Here are the nations on Russia's 'unfriendly countries' list"
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706:. The spying focused on data traffic between Finland and the
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In September 2022, Finland announced that it would not offer
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between Sweden and Russia in the early 18th century, to the
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1432:"Finland says it could join Nato despite Russian pressure"
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Finland at War: The Continuation and Lapland Wars 1941–45
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Finland in World War II: History, Memory, Interpretations
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following worsening relations between the two countries.
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via Russia. Finland accused Russia of deliberately using
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for centuries and had its earliest interactions with the
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1407:"Russia warns NATO against inclusion of Finland, Sweden"
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wars respectively saw a Russian occupation of Finland.
1650:"Finland and Sweden formally apply for NATO membership"
1465:"Nato-jäsenyyden vastustus putosi ennätyksellisen alas"
1598:"Finnish leaders confirm support for Nato application"
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the Finnish-Russian border which was also part of the
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Russia has an embassy in Helsinki, and a consulate in
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1522:"Nato-kannatus nousi ennätykselliseen 73 prosenttiin"
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pressured Finland and Sweden to refrain from joining
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in the early 19th century, to the dissolution of the
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1375:MTV3: Large-scale network spying uncovered at MFA
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794:However, on 1 January 2022, Finland's president,
103:{{Translated|ru|Российско-финляндские отношения}}
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1912:Consulate-General of Finland in Saint Petersburg
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380:Sweden surrendered Finland to Russia, and the
144:. The reason given is: Finland has joined NATO.
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1097:(Columbia University Press, 1965) pp. 483-484.
415:, Finland took the opportunity to declare its
329:Tsar Alexander I opens the Diet of Porvoo 1809
91:accompanying your translation by providing an
57:Click for important translation instructions.
44:expand this article with text translated from
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2600:Ambassadors from Finland (current and former)
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1838:Embassy of the Russian Federation in Helsinki
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461:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
449:Voluntary activists arranged expeditions to
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419:, which was shortly recognized by the USSR
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1547:Kauranen, Anne; Lehto, Essi (2022-03-03).
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411:With the Russian Empire's collapse during
1722:Kinnunen, Tiina; Kivimäki, Ville (2011).
674:In November 2023, Finnish Prime Minister
301:. It used to have a consulate-general in
3796:Relations of colonizer and former colony
1811:Waldron, Peter. "Stolypin and Finland."
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1064:List of ambassadors of Russia to Finland
1010:Embassy of Russia in Helsinki. Note the
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421:"in line with the principle of national
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1193:Jutikkala, Eino and Pirinen, Kauko.
1106:Jutikkala, Eino and Pirinen, Kauko.
1083:Site of Embassy of Finland in Russia
983:In the wake of the 24 February 2022
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785:Russian Ministry for Foreign Affairs
704:Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs
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569:President Urho Kaleva Kekkonen with
459:), which ended when Finland and the
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26:
1928:Finnish Declaration of Independence
1820:Finland and World War II, 1939–1944
1463:Huhtanen, Jarmo (17 January 2022).
1430:MacDiarmid, Campbell (2022-01-01).
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805:polls on Finnish membership of NATO
384:pledged loyalty to Russian Emperor
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1276:Brown, Chris (27 September 2022).
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400:an official status (prior to 1819
292:internal politics influenced by it
25:
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3685:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
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1813:Slavonic and East European Review
1660:from the original on 18 May 2022.
1477:from the original on 7 March 2022
743:Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine
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2718:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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2591:Current ambassadors from Finland
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1943:2018 Russia–United States summit
1907:Ambassadors of Russia to Finland
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646:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
613:that happened in the same year.
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268:abdication of Russia's last czar
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1693:Laverick, Evelyn (2023-04-04).
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250:creation and annexation of the
3786:Bilateral relations of Finland
2577:Diplomatic missions of Finland
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478:Finland–Soviet Union relations
101:You may also add the template
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3791:Bilateral relations of Russia
3671:Diplomatic missions of Russia
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1793:(U of Minnesota Press, 1986)
1784:Finland and Russia, 1808-1920
1257:Lee, Michael (8 March 2020).
1228:10.1080/03468755.2020.1765861
1197:. Dorset Press, 1988 p. 252.
1110:. Dorset Press, 1988 p. 216.
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755:Hanhikivi Nuclear Power Plant
2586:Ministry for Foreign Affairs
2221:Foreign relations of Finland
1833:Embassy of Finland in Moscow
1502:(Report). EVA. 22 March 2022
1139:Kinnunen & Kivimäki 2011
1029:Foreign relations of Finland
1002:Embassy of Finland in Moscow
779:Finland–NATO relations
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376:In 1809, in accordance with
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3659:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2649:Foreign relations of Russia
2037:Soviet partisans in Finland
1938:Paasikivi–Kekkonen doctrine
1127:Kurenmaa and Lentilä (2005)
1034:Foreign relations of Russia
1022:
985:Russian invasion of Ukraine
807:shows opinion change after
751:Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant
10:
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2032:Sword Scabbard Declaration
1902:Embassy of Finland, Moscow
1622:Henley, Jon (2022-05-12).
993:simultaneously with Sweden
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225:Embassy of Finland, Moscow
65:Machine translation, like
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535:in Oulu in October, 1989.
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140:This article needs to be
46:the corresponding article
3781:Finland–Russia relations
3626:Russia and the Antarctic
2713:Central African Republic
1881:Finland–Russia relations
1579:(in Finnish). 2022-03-14
425:that was held by Lenin."
270:in 1917, and subsequent
167:Finland-Russia relations
18:Finnish-Soviet Relations
3690:Eurasian Economic Union
3621:Arctic policy of Russia
1953:Arctic Economic Council
1933:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
773:Finnish NATO membership
637:with Finnish President
272:birth of modern Finland
112:For more guidance, see
3680:European energy sector
3591:Multilateral relations
3324:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2595:Ambassadors to Finland
2150:Grand Duchy of Finland
2135:Finland–Russia Society
2099:Anton Salonen incident
1981:East Karelian uprising
1044:Finland–Russia Society
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905:Russia invades Ukraine
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467:in 1920. However, the
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394:Grand Duchy of Finland
378:Treaty of Fredrikshamn
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351:Carl Gustaf Mannerheim
337:After his coronation,
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274:. Finland had its own
252:Grand Duchy of Finland
2723:Republic of the Congo
2140:Moscow Finnish School
2130:Finland–Russia border
1782:Kirby, David G., ed.
1749:. Osprey Publishing.
1059:Finland–Russia border
1049:NATO–Russia relations
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581:President of Finland
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443:Finland–Russia border
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339:Nicholas II of Russia
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328:
114:Knowledge:Translation
85:copyright attribution
3695:Military Cooperation
3273:United Arab Emirates
1815:63.1 (1985): 41-55.
1195:A History of Finland
1108:A History of Finland
1095:A History of Finland
659:to Russians fleeing
278:with involvement by
2989:Trinidad and Tobago
2661:Bilateral relations
2160:HVDC Russia–Finland
2020:Moscow Peace Treaty
2003:Petsamo expeditions
1671:NATO (2023-04-04).
1319:. 12 November 2023.
1054:Russians in Finland
812:
809:invasion of Ukraine
729:trains ran between
684:refugees as weapons
531:People waiting for
479:
474:Bilateral relations
343:Dormition Cathedral
305:and a consulate in
262:between Russia and
229:Embassy of Russia,
168:
163:Bilateral relations
2059:Night Frost Crisis
1818:Wuorinen, John H.
1774:1.2 (1980): 3-10.
1168:Krivosheyev (1997)
1020:
1004:
801:
783:In December 2021,
739:
718:Economic relations
650:unfriendly nations
642:
633:Russian President
601:Night Frost Crisis
591:
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537:
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477:
447:
433:October Revolution
423:self-determination
406:Vyborg Governorate
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219:Diplomatic mission
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93:interlanguage link
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2738:Equatorial Guinea
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2071:Karelian question
1976:Russian Civil War
1971:Finnish Civil War
1789:Polvinen, Tuomo.
1786:(Springer, 1975).
1526:Helsingin Sanomat
1470:Helsingin Sanomat
1156:Nenye et al. 2016
981:
980:
957:Helsingin Sanomat
873:Helsingin Sanomat
737:until March 2022.
698:Spying in Finland
571:Nikita Khrushchev
533:Mikhail Gorbachev
514:
513:
429:Finnish Civil War
417:full independence
313:and consulate in
266:after the forced
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16:(Redirected from
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3664:Foreign Minister
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3119:Kurdistan Region
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2191:
2190:
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2109:Rantala incident
2042:Moscow Armistice
2027:Continuation War
1998:Aunus expedition
1993:Viena expedition
1895:Diplomatic posts
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899:24 February 2022
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747:Finland operates
619:1991 August Coup
545:Continuation War
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398:Finnish language
311:Saint Petersburg
256:Napoleonic times
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1801:Tarkka, Jukka.
1767:
1765:Further reading
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686:as part of its
627:
589:is to his left.
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2054:Finlandization
2051:
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2049:
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2039:
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2023:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2010:
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1948:Arctic Council
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1827:External links
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1473:(in Finnish).
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1379:
1377:YLE 31.10.2013
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1222:(3): 280–299.
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777:Main article:
774:
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735:St. Petersburg
719:
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708:European Union
699:
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688:hybrid warfare
639:Sauli Niinistö
635:Vladimir Putin
626:
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561:Finlandization
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427:Following the
382:Diet of Porvoo
363:Russian Empire
359:Swedish Empire
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260:personal union
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2768:Guinea-Bissau
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2528:Multinational
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42:You can help
38:
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3528:Vatican City
3429:Transnistria
3358:
3268:Turkmenistan
3223:Saudi Arabia
3004:Soviet Union
2853:South Africa
2698:Burkina Faso
2551:Soviet Union
2482:
2255:South Africa
2165:Home Russian
2155:North Ingria
1880:
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1702:. Retrieved
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1633:. Retrieved
1629:The Guardian
1627:
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1606:. Retrieved
1604:. 2022-05-12
1601:
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1337:. 2023-11-23
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661:mobilization
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625:1992–present
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522:Iron Curtain
505:Soviet Union
469:Soviet Union
454:
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307:Lappeenranta
296:
282:, was later
237:
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89:edit summary
80:
51:
43:
3631:Near Abroad
3559:New Zealand
3501:Switzerland
3446:Netherlands
3233:South Korea
3213:Philippines
3186:North Korea
3032:Afghanistan
2858:South Sudan
2773:Ivory Coast
2468:Netherlands
2367:North Korea
2094:Pork mutiny
2064:Note Crisis
2047:Lapland War
1716:Works cited
1577:Yle Uutiset
1170:, pp. 77–78
989:Sanna Marin
953:Kantar TNS
869:Kantar TNS
607:Note Crisis
463:signed the
413:World War I
386:Alexander I
3775:Categories
3516:Luhansk PR
3511:Donetsk PR
3441:Montenegro
3414:Luxembourg
3278:Uzbekistan
3253:Tajikistan
3151:Kyrgyzstan
3141:Kazakhstan
3077:East Timor
3052:Bangladesh
3042:Azerbaijan
2934:Costa Rica
2843:Seychelles
2818:Mozambique
2803:Mauritania
2793:Madagascar
2581:in Finland
2556:Yugoslavia
2357:Kazakhstan
2245:Mozambique
2015:Winter War
1988:Heimosodat
1704:2023-04-04
1679:2023-04-04
1635:2022-05-12
1608:2022-05-12
1583:2022-03-14
1558:2022-03-12
1449:2022-01-02
1416:2022-01-02
1361:2024-02-19
1341:2024-02-19
1203:0880292601
1116:0880292601
1070:References
950: 2022
916: 2022
866: 2022
818:conducted
803:Subset of
644:After the
559:See also:
541:Winter War
456:heimosodat
152:April 2023
48:in Russian
3675:in Russia
3649:Diplomacy
3544:Australia
3409:Lithuania
3238:Sri Lanka
3228:Singapore
3201:Palestine
3104:Indonesia
3016:Venezuela
2969:Nicaragua
2949:Guatemala
2904:Argentina
2808:Mauritius
2560:NN States
2519:Australia
2377:Palestine
2337:Indonesia
2296:Nicaragua
2271:Argentina
2087:Incidents
1963:Conflicts
1921:Diplomacy
1728:. BRILL.
1444:0307-1235
1244:225720271
1236:0346-8755
1129:, p. 1152
821:Pollster
749:the 1 GW
555:1946–1991
390:statehood
299:Mariehamn
276:civil war
107:talk page
3741:Politics
3700:Treaties
3486:Slovenia
3481:Slovakia
3466:Portugal
3329:Bulgaria
3258:Thailand
3196:Pakistan
3171:Mongolia
3166:Malaysia
3087:Abkhazia
3067:Cambodia
2979:Paraguay
2959:Honduras
2929:Colombia
2897:Americas
2888:Zimbabwe
2868:Tanzania
2753:Ethiopia
2748:Eswatini
2728:Djibouti
2708:Cameroon
2693:Botswana
2372:Pakistan
2362:Malaysia
2264:Americas
2235:Ethiopia
2181:Category
2114:Säckilot
1699:Euronews
1658:Archived
1602:Yle News
1506:26 April
1475:Archived
1393:The Hill
1335:POLITICO
1282:CBC News
1263:CTV News
1023:See also
832:Support
731:Helsinki
587:Brezhnev
583:Kekkonen
543:and the
315:Murmansk
248:realized
231:Helsinki
83:provide
3753:Finland
3727:Portals
3569:Vanuatu
3537:Oceania
3506:Ukraine
3471:Romania
3424:Moldova
3389:Ireland
3384:Iceland
3379:Hungary
3369:Germany
3359:Finland
3354:Estonia
3349:Denmark
3334:Croatia
3319:Belgium
3314:Belarus
3309:Austria
3304:Albania
3283:Vietnam
3176:Myanmar
3161:Lebanon
3082:Georgia
3047:Bahrain
3037:Armenia
3011:Uruguay
2944:Ecuador
2909:Bolivia
2873:Tunisia
2848:Somalia
2838:Senegal
2828:Nigeria
2823:Namibia
2813:Morocco
2783:Lesotho
2743:Eritrea
2703:Burundi
2678:Algeria
2512:Oceania
2503:Ukraine
2448:Iceland
2443:Hungary
2433:Germany
2423:Estonia
2418:Denmark
2413:Croatia
2408:Austria
2392:Vietnam
2311:Uruguay
2250:Namibia
2123:Related
2076:Karelia
1822:(1948).
1805:(1991)
1553:Reuters
1481:3 April
1301:21 July
838:Neutral
835:Oppose
824:Client
767:Estonia
741:Before
727:Allegro
692:Frontex
494:Finland
451:Karelia
402:Swedish
371:greater
341:leaves
321:History
286:by the
284:invaded
264:Finland
254:during
244:planned
198:Finland
142:updated
105:to the
87:in the
50:.
3765:Russia
3496:Sweden
3476:Serbia
3461:Poland
3456:Norway
3436:Monaco
3399:Latvia
3374:Greece
3364:France
3339:Cyprus
3297:Europe
3263:Turkey
3248:Taiwan
3146:Kuwait
3136:Jordan
3126:Israel
3062:Brunei
3057:Bhutan
2974:Panama
2964:Mexico
2954:Guyana
2919:Canada
2914:Brazil
2883:Zambia
2878:Uganda
2833:Rwanda
2758:Gambia
2683:Angola
2671:Africa
2544:Former
2498:Sweden
2488:Serbia
2483:Russia
2478:Poland
2473:Norway
2463:Latvia
2458:Kosovo
2438:Greece
2428:France
2401:Europe
2387:Turkey
2382:Taiwan
2347:Israel
2291:Mexico
2281:Canada
2276:Brazil
2228:Africa
1807:online
1795:online
1776:online
1753:
1732:
1675:. NATO
1532:12 May
1442:
1242:
1234:
1201:
1114:
948:10 May
914:15 Mar
864:16 Jan
827:Sample
763:Sweden
759:Norway
657:asylum
549:Vyborg
367:lesser
345:. The
209:Russia
3601:BRICS
3564:Tonga
3554:Nauru
3491:Spain
3419:Malta
3394:Italy
3288:Yemen
3243:Syria
3218:Qatar
3206:Hamas
3181:Nepal
3131:Japan
3099:India
3072:China
2924:Chile
2863:Sudan
2788:Libya
2778:Kenya
2763:Ghana
2733:Egypt
2688:Benin
2493:Spain
2453:Italy
2352:Japan
2332:India
2327:China
2286:Chile
2240:Kenya
1500:(PDF)
1240:S2CID
961:1002
925:2074
877:1003
846:Lead
829:size
816:Dates
445:poles
303:Turku
67:DeepL
3611:NATO
3549:Fiji
3191:Oman
3156:Laos
3114:Iraq
3109:Iran
3025:Asia
2984:Peru
2939:Cuba
2798:Mali
2535:NATO
2342:Iran
2320:Asia
2301:Peru
1751:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1534:2022
1508:2022
1483:2022
1440:ISSN
1411:WION
1303:2023
1232:ISSN
1199:ISBN
1112:ISBN
975:61%
972:15%
969:12%
939:41%
936:21%
933:19%
922:EVA
891:14%
888:30%
880:28%
850:Ref.
789:NATO
765:and
733:and
652:".
431:and
369:and
288:USSR
246:and
240:wars
81:must
79:You
1224:doi
965:73%
929:60%
884:42%
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