CERN - Knowledge

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500 and 800 applications are received every year. The programmes comprise Collide, the international residency programme organised in partnership with a city; Connect, a programme of residencies to foster experimentation in art and science at CERN and in scientific organisations worldwide in collaboration with

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The programmes of Arts at CERN are structured according to their values and vision to create bridges between cultures. Each programme is designed and formed in collaboration with cultural institutions, other partner laboratories, countries, cities and artistic communities eager to connect with CERN's

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Since its foundation by 12 members in 1954, CERN regularly accepted new members. All new members have remained in the organization continuously since their accession, except Spain and Yugoslavia. Spain first joined CERN in 1961, withdrew in 1969, and rejoined in 1983. Yugoslavia was a founding member

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On 5 April 2015, after two years of maintenance and consolidation, the LHC restarted for a second run. The first ramp to the record-breaking energy of 6.5 TeV was performed on 10 April 2015. In 2016, the design collision rate was exceeded for the first time. A second two-year period of shutdown begun

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In March 2013, CERN announced that the measurements performed on the newly found particle allowed it to conclude that it was a Higgs boson. In early 2013, the LHC was deactivated for a two-year maintenance period, to strengthen the electrical connections between magnets inside the accelerator and for

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They comprise research-led artistic residencies that take place on-site or remotely. More than 200 artists from 80 countries have participated in the residencies to expand their creative practices at the Laboratory, benefiting from the involvement of 400 physicists, engineers and CERN staff. Between

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CERN has developed a number of policies and official documents that enable and promote open science, starting with CERN's founding convention in 1953 which indicated that all its results are to be published or made generally available. Since then, CERN published its open access policy in 2014, which

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The SPS and LEP/LHC tunnels are almost entirely outside the main site, and are mostly buried under French farmland and invisible from the surface. They have surface sites at points around them, either as the location of buildings associated with experiments or other facilities needed to operate the

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CERN operates a network of seven accelerators and two decelerators, and some additional small accelerators. Each machine in the chain increases the energy of particle beams before delivering them to experiments or to the next more powerful accelerator. The decelerators naturally decrease the energy

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Hundreds of years ago, Indian artists created visual images of dancing Shivas in a beautiful series of bronzes. In our time, physicists have used the most advanced technology to portray the patterns of the cosmic dance. The metaphor of the cosmic dance thus unifies ancient mythology, religious art

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are the core services used by the researchers and community at CERN, as well as the wider high-energy physics community for the publication of their documents, data, software, multimedia, etc. CERN's efforts towards preservation and reproducible research are best represented by a suite of services

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accelerates negative hydrogen ions to an energy of 160 MeV. The ions are then injected to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) where both electrons are then stripped from each of the hydrogen ions and thus only the nucleus containing one proton remains. The protons are then used in experiments or

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The European Strategy for Particle Physics, a document mandated by the CERN Council that forms the cornerstone of Europe's decision-making for the future of particle physics, was last updated in 2020 and affirmed the organisation's role within the open science landscape by stating: "The particle

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Since 2012, Arts at CERN has fostered creative dialogue between art and physics through residencies, art commissions, exhibitions and events. Artists across all creative disciplines have been invited to CERN to experience how fundamental science pursues the big questions about our universe.

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The open data policy complements the open access policy, addressing the public release of scientific data collected by LHC experiments after a suitable embargo period. Prior to this open data policy, guidelines for data preservation, access and reuse were implemented by each collaboration

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Fokianos, Pamfilos; Feger, Sebastian; Koutsakis, Ilias; Lavasa, Artemis; Maciulaitis, Rokas; Naim, Kamran; Okraska, Jan; Papadopoulos, Antonios; Rodríguez, Diego; Šimko, Tibor; Trzcinska, Anna (2020). Doglioni, C.; Kim, D.; Stewart, G.A.; Silvestris, L.; Jackson, P.; Kamleh, W. (eds.).

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site, also known as the West Area, which was originally built in Switzerland alongside the French border, but has been extended to span the border since 1965. The French side is under Swiss jurisdiction and there is no obvious border within the site, apart from a line of marker stones.

1490:(SPS), a circular accelerator with a diameter of 2 kilometres built in a tunnel, which started operation in 1976. It was designed to deliver an energy of 300 GeV and was gradually upgraded to 450 GeV. As well as having its own beamlines for fixed-target experiments (currently 1703:. When the 7 TeV experimental period ended, the LHC revved to 8 TeV (4 TeV per proton) starting March 2012, and soon began particle collisions at that energy. In July 2012, CERN scientists announced the discovery of a new sub-atomic particle that was later confirmed to be the 899:

At the sixth session of the CERN Council in Paris from 29 June to 1 July 1953, the convention establishing the organization was signed, subject to ratification, by 12 states. The convention was gradually ratified by the 12 founding Member States: Belgium, Denmark, France, the

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In August 2008, the initial particle beams were injected into the LHC. The first beam was circulated through the entire LHC on 10 September 2008, but the system failed 10 days later because of a faulty magnet connection, and it was stopped for repairs on 19 September 2008.

4592:. The lyrics were changed to be from the perspective of a proton in the Large Hadron Collider. After seeing the parody, Day re-recorded the song with the new lyrics, and released a new version of "Collide" in February 2017 with a video created during his visit to CERN. 1695:(TeV). The challenge for the engineers was then to line up the two beams so that they smashed into each other. This is like "firing two needles across the Atlantic and getting them to hit each other" according to Steve Myers, director for accelerators and technology. 4508:". Randy Marsh, the father of one of the main characters, breaks into the "Hadron Particle Super Collider in Switzerland" and steals a "superconducting bending magnet created for use in tests with particle acceleration" to use in his son Stan's Pinewood Derby racer. 4633:

television series released in March 2022, includes a particle-physics laboratory at the French-Swiss border called "ERN". Various accelerators and facilities at CERN are referenced during the show, including ATLAS, CMS, the Antiproton Decelerator, and the

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Beyond the policy level, CERN has established a variety of services and tools to enable and guide open science at CERN, and in particle physics more generally. On the publishing side, CERN has initiated and operates a global cooperative project, the

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was rented from Belgium to lower pieces of the CMS detector into its cavern, since each piece weighed nearly 2,000 tons. The first of the approximately 5,000 magnets necessary for construction was lowered down a special shaft at in March 2005.

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The acronym CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory; in 2019, it had 2,660 scientific, technical, and administrative staff members, and hosted about 12,400 users from institutions in more than 70 countries. In 2016, CERN generated 49

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As part of the HL–LHC upgrade project, also other CERN accelerators and their subsystems are receiving upgrades. Among other work, the LINAC 2 linear accelerator injector was decommissioned and replaced by a new injector accelerator, the

1668:) are located along the collider; each of them studies particle collisions from a different aspect, and with different technologies. Construction for these experiments required an extraordinary engineering effort. For example, a special 3934:

through current collaboration agreements and/or historical links. The list below contains organizations represented as observers to the CERN Council, organizations to which CERN is an observer and organizations based on the CERN model:

12207: 1203:'s website as a historical document. The first website was activated in 1991. On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone. It became the dominant way through which most users interact with the 4154:

physics community should work with the relevant authorities to help shape the emerging consensus on open science to be adopted for publicly-funded research, and should then implement a policy of open science for the field".

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The ALEPH Collaboration; The DELPHI Collaboration; The L3 Collaboration; The OPAL Collaboration; The SLD Collaboration; The LEP Electroweak Working Group; The SLD Electroweak Group; The SLD Heavy Flavour Group (May 2006).

1544:. The radioactive ions are produced by the impact of protons at an energy of 1.0–1.4 GeV from the Proton Synchrotron Booster. It was first commissioned in 1967 and was rebuilt with major upgrades in 1974 and 1992. 1698:

On 30 March 2010, the LHC successfully collided two proton beams with 3.5 TeV of energy per proton, resulting in a 7 TeV collision energy. This was just the start of what was needed for the expected discovery of the

12092: 9960: 1844:(AA), built 1979–1980, operations ended in 1997 and the machine was dismantled. Stored antiprotons produced by the Proton Synchrotron (PS) for use in other experiments and accelerators (for example the ISR, Sp 12200: 3967: 826:('European Council for Nuclear Research'), which was a provisional council for building the laboratory, established by 12 European governments in 1952. During these early years, the council worked at the 1871:(AA) and the pair formed the Antiproton Accumulation Complex (AAC), whose purpose was to store antiprotons produced by the Proton Synchrotron (PS) for use in other experiments and accelerators, like the 12275: 2023:

Three of these experimental sites are in France, with ATLAS in Switzerland, although some of the ancillary cryogenic and access sites are in Switzerland. The largest of the experimental sites is the

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CERN, in collaboration with groups worldwide, is investigating two main concepts for future accelerators: A linear electron-positron collider with a new acceleration concept to increase the energy (

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Sjobak, Kyrre; Adli, Erik; Bergamaschi, Michele; Burger, Stephane; Corsini, Roberto; Curcio, Alessandro; Curt, Stephane; Döbert, Steffen; Farabolini, Wilfrid; Gamba, Davide; Garolfi, Luca (2019).

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of particle beams before delivering them to experiments or further accelerators/decelerators. Before an experiment is able to use the network of accelerators, it must be approved by the various

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and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research – consequently, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN through international collaborations. CERN is the site of the

12097: 12059: 4159: 3601: 12087: 4447:, as CERN's Large Hadron Collider accelerator is performing a run to search for the Higgs boson the entire human race sees themselves twenty-one years and six months in the future. 4236:

The CERN Science Gateway, opened in October 2023, is CERN's latest facility for science outreach and education. It is home to a range of immersive exhibits, workshops, and shows.

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to celebrate the research center's long association with India. A special plaque next to the statue explains the metaphor of Shiva's cosmic dance with quotations from physicist

1633:(LEP), which was shut down in November 2000. CERN's existing PS/SPS accelerator complexes are used to pre-accelerate protons and lead ions which are then injected into the LHC. 12265: 11875: 8608: 12323: 6961:

The CMS Collaboration; Chatrchyan, S.; Hmayakyan, G.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Adam, W.; Bauer, T.; Bergauer, T.; Bergauer, H.; Dragicevic, M.; Erö, J. (2008).

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Even before the arts programme officially started, several highly regarded artists visited the Laboratory, drawn to physics and fundamental science. As early as 1972,

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Lithuania was approved for admission as an Associate Member state on 16 June 2017. The association agreement was signed on 27 June 2017 and ratified on 8 January 2018.

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site, also known as the North Area, which is the target station for non-collider experiments on the SPS accelerator. Other sites are the ones which were used for the

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collider). In operation 2001–2016. One of its beamlines has been converted, from 2017 on, into the new CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) facility.

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The LHCf Collaboration; Adriani, O.; Bonechi, L.; Bongi, M.; Castellini, G.; D'Alessandro, R.; Faus, D. A.; Fukui, K.; Grandi, M.; Haguenauer, M.; Itow, Y. (2008).

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Gschwendtner, E.; Adli, E.; Amorim, L.; Apsimon, R.; Assmann, R.; Bachmann, A.-M.; Batsch, F.; Bauche, J.; Berglyd Olsen, V.K.; Bernardini, M.; Bingham, R. (2016).

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of CERN but quit in 1961. Of the 24 members, Israel joined CERN as a full member in January 2014, becoming the first, and currently only, non-European full member.

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The LHC has begun to generate vast quantities of data, which CERN streams to laboratories around the world for distributed processing, making use of a specialized

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The convention establishing CERN was ratified on 29 September 1954 by 12 countries in Western Europe. The acronym CERN originally represented the French words for

10254:Šimko, Tibor; Heinrich, Lukas; Hirvonsalo, Harri; Kousidis, Dinos; Rodríguez, Diego (2019). Forti, A.; Betev, L.; Litmaath, M.; Smirnova, O.; Hristov, P. (eds.). 3549: 7142:

The TOTEM Collaboration; Anelli, G.; Antchev, G.; Aspell, P.; Avati, V.; Bagliesi, M. G.; Berardi, V.; Berretti, M.; Boccone, V.; Bottigli, U; Bozzo, M. (2008).

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Adli, E.; Ahuja, A.; Apsimon, O.; Apsimon, R.; Bachmann, A.-M.; Barrientos, D.; Batsch, F.; Bauche, J.; Berglyd Olsen, V. K.; Bernardini, M.; Bohl, T. (2018).

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CERN also provides daily tours to certain facilities such as the Synchro-cyclotron (CERNs first particle accelerator) and the superconducting magnet workshop.

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Slovenia was approved for admission as an Associate Member state in the pre-stage to membership on 16 December 2016. The agreement was ratified on 4 July 2017.

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Battisti, S.; Bossart, R.; Delahaye, J. P.; Hubner, K.; Garoby, R.; Kugler, H.; Krusche, A.; Madsen, J. H. B.; Potier, J. P.; Riche, A.; Rinolfi, L. (1989).

17: 7554: 1184:, the idea was designed to facilitate the information sharing between researchers. This stemmed from Berners-Lee's earlier work at CERN on a database named 12788: 11923: 11772: 6875:

Gamba, D.; Corsini, R.; Curt, S.; Doebert, S.; Farabolini, W.; Mcmonagle, G.; Skowronski, P.K.; Tecker, F.; Zeeshan, S.; Adli, E.; Lindstrøm, C.A. (2018).

10895: 9331: 6856:. IPAC2019. Boland Mark (Ed.), Tanaka Hitoshi (Ed.), Button David (Ed.), Dowd Rohan (Ed.), Schaa, Volker RW (Ed.), Tan Eugene (Ed.): 4 pages, 0.190 MB. 10923: 10468: 10336: 5836:

Aad, G.; Abajyan, T.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdel Khalek, S.; Abdelalim, A.A.; Abdinov, O.; Aben, R.; Abi, B.; Abolins, M.; AbouZeid, O.S. (2012).

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CERN launched its Cultural Policy for engaging with the arts in 2011. The initiative provided the essential framework and foundations for establishing

3964:, observer to CERN Council, CERN is represented in the JINR Council. JINR is currently suspended, due to the CERN Council Resolution of 25 March 2022. 12027: 11908: 5199: 5157: 2051: 9962:

Positioning and Power in Academic Publishing: Players, Agents and Agendas: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Electronic Publishing

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for the developments that resulted in the discoveries of the W and Z bosons. The 1992 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to CERN staff researcher

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for their contributions to the development of the World Wide Web. A copy of the first webpage, created by Berners-Lee, is still published on the

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Latvia and CERN signed an associate membership agreement on 14 April 2021. Latvia was formally admitted as an Associate Member on 2 August 2021.

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Bartmann, W.; Belochitskii, P.; Breuker, H.; Butin, F.; Carli, C.; Eriksson, T.; Maury, S.; Oelert, W.; Pasinelli, S.; Tranquille, G. (2014).

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Baur, G.; Boero, G.; Brauksiepe, A.; Buzzo, A.; Eyrich, W.; Geyer, R.; Grzonka, D.; Hauffe, J.; Kilian, K.; LoVetere, M.; Macri, M. (1996).

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The interior of office building 40 at the Meyrin site. Building 40 hosts many offices for scientists from the CMS and ATLAS collaborations.

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Brazil became the first associate member of the Americas on 13 March 2024, after signing the associate membership agreement in March 2022.

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was the general secretary of CERN at its early stages when operations were still provisional, while the first Director-General (1954) was

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and CERN history. It closed permanently on 18 September 2022, in preparation for the installation of the exhibitions in Science Gateway.

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The acronym was retained for the new laboratory after the provisional council was dissolved, even though the name changed to the current

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Cyprus signed an association agreement on 5 October 2012 and became an associate member in the pre-stage to membership on 1 April 2016.

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Outside of the LEP and LHC experiments, most are officially named and numbered after the site where they were located. For example,

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1995–2005: Precision measurement of the Z lineshape, based predominantly on LEP data collected on the Z resonance from 1990 to 1995;

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Croatia was approved for admission as an Associate Member state on 28 February 2019. The agreement was ratified on 10 October 2019.

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increases the energy of particles generated by the proton linear accelerator before they are transferred to the other accelerators.

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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

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In 2015, Sarah Charley, US communications manager for LHC experiments at CERN with graduate students Jesse Heilman of the

1806:(LIL; itself consisting of two back-to-back linear accelerators called LIL V and LIL W) and a circular accelerator called 792:

hosts a large computing facility, which is primarily used to store and analyze data from experiments, as well as simulate

12345: 12023: 11804: 7698:"SC 33 symposium at CERN: Thirty-three years of physics at the CERN synchro-cyclotron; Geneva (Switzerland); 22 Apr 1991" 5459: 4581: 4577: 4239: 4229: 4033: 3589: 3537: 1196: 10027:

Cowton, J; Dallmeier-Tiessen, S; Fokianos, P; Rueda, L; Herterich, P; Kunčar, J; Šimko, T; Smith, T (23 December 2015).

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for the theoretical description of the Higgs mechanism in the year after the Higgs boson was found by CERN experiments.

11918: 11824: 8938: 5743: 5067: 4403:, a 2013 documentary, explores CERN throughout the inside and depicts the events surrounding the 2012 discovery of the 4267:, was unveiled at CERN. The statue, symbolizing Shiva's cosmic dance of creation and destruction, was presented by the 3513: 1414: 1020: 10485:"Front cover: One of the visitors, James Lee Byars, who brought some colour into the CERN corridors during the summer" 9201: 2066:

experiments were considered to be in the Underground Area, i.e. situated underground at sites on the SPS accelerator.

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The LHC resumed operation on 20 November 2009 by successfully circulating two beams, each with an energy of 3.5

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accelerated further in other CERN accelerators. Linac4 serves as the source of all proton beams for CERN experiments.

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as SERN, a shadowy organization that has been researching time travel in order to restructure and control the world.

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was the first artist to visit the Laboratory and the only one, so far, to feature on the cover of the CERN Courier.

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focuses on making scientific research openly accessible and on creating knowledge through open tools and processes.

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S), operated 1981–1991. A modification of Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to operate as a proton-antiproton collider.

12358: 9382: 8769: 5838:"Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC" 2020:

plants and access shafts. The experiments are located at the same underground level as the tunnels at these sites.

1727:(HL–LHC). This project should see the LHC accelerator upgraded by 2026 to an order of magnitude higher luminosity. 11073: 9564: 9069: 11660: 9177:"CERN lays foundations for collaboration with Bosnia and Herzegovina through International Cooperation Agreement" 8453: 8226: 7546: 3411: 1665: 847:, a former director of CERN, when the name was changed, the abbreviation could have become the awkward OERN, and 11048: 10506: 9484: 5243: 12215: 12174: 12159: 12133: 12064: 11665: 11631: 11257: 11198: 1956: 1766:(SC) which started operation in 1957 and was shut down in 1991. Was made into a public exhibition in 2012–2013. 1537: 1375: 1047: 738: 8826: 8797: 8253:

Israel may become first non-European member of nuclear research group CERN – Diplomacy and Defense Israel News

7719: 6171: 4950:. Annual Report of the European Organization for Nuclear Research. Vol. 2016. CERN. 2017. pp. 20–29. 1607:(LHC) and the experiments for it. The LHC represents a large-scale, worldwide scientific cooperation project. 4122:

are primary components of open science and areas in which CERN has been working towards since its formation.

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Several important achievements in particle physics have been made through experiments at CERN. They include:

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From the Provisional Organization to the Permanent CERN, May 1952 – September 1954: A survey of developments

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From the Provisional Organization to the Permanent CERN, May 1952 – September 1954: A survey of developments

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and strive towards compliance with best effort principles where appropriate and where possible, such as the

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Pakistan signed an association agreement on 19 December 2014 and became an associate member on 31 July 2015.

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in Switzerland. As of 2022, CERN employs ten times more engineers and technicians than research physicists.

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Battisti, S.; Bell, M.; Delahaye, J. P.; Krusche, A.; Kugler, H.; Madsen, J. H. B.; Poncet, Alain (1984).

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Fabjan, C.; Schukraft, J. (2011). "The story of ALICE: Building the dedicated heavy ion detector at LHC".

5652: 4348: 12457: 12217: 11968: 11501: 11496: 11476: 8693: 7531: 7116: 5359:, Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics, vol. 23, World Scientific, pp. 89–106, 4505: 4361: 3637:

India signed an association agreement on 21 November 2016. The agreement was ratified on 16 January 2017.

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Haseroth, H.; Hill, C. E.; Langbein, K.; Tanke, E.; Taylor, C.; Têtu, P.; Warner, D.; Weiss, M. (1992).

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created an art installation called "Supersymmetry" based on his experience as a resident artist at CERN.

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Ukraine signed an association agreement on 3 October 2013. The agreement was ratified on 5 October 2016.

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Animated map showing changes in CERN membership from 1954 until 1999 (borders are as at dates of change)

1684:. In April 2005, a trial successfully streamed 600 MB/s to seven different sites across the world. 12838: 11725: 11583: 11578: 11466: 4242:, which opened in late 2005, is open to the public. It is used four times a week for special exhibits. 4119: 1872: 1864: 1818: 1770: 1466: 1448: 1306: 12651: 12379: 12285: 10771: 5894: 5462: 11491: 10665: 10132: 7852: 7793: 5566: 5350: 4492: 4395:

video called "Large Hadron Rap" about CERN's Large Hadron Collider with some of the facility's staff.

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Non-Member States (with dates of Co-operation Agreements) currently involved in CERN programmes are:

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As of October 2019, the construction is on-going to upgrade the LHC's luminosity in a project called

1439:(LEIR) accelerates the ions from the ion linear accelerator LINAC 3, before transferring them to the 1200: 11235: 9687:

Alvarez, E.; de Molina, M. Malo; Salwerowicz, M.; De Sousa, B. Silva; Smith, T.; Wagner, A. (2017).

8342: 7678: 7505: 6680: 6389: 4868: 4608:, "Extremis", CERN is one of several locations found to be connected by a hub of mysterious portals. 4186:

addressing the entire physics analysis lifecycle, such as data, software and computing environment.

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Public-facing results can be served by various CERN-based services depending on their use case: the

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Turkey signed an association agreement on 12 May 2014 and became an associate member on 6 May 2015.

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for CERN. It was registered on 13 August 2014. On 20 October 2015, CERN moved its main Website to

1610: 1161:, beginning in 1984. This played an influential role in the adoption of the TCP/IP in Europe (see 796:. As researchers require remote access to these facilities, the lab has historically been a major 12727: 12033: 11958: 11799: 11746: 10199:"CERN Analysis Preservation and Reuse Framework: FAIR research data services for LHC experiments" 10086:"CERN document server: Document management system for grey literature in a networked environment" 8113: 6792: 6299: 5837: 5068:"Convention for the Establishment of a European Organization for Nuclear Research | CERN Council" 4381: 2070: 1945: 1910: 1891: 1227: 1162: 1067: 1031: 5422: 4194:(Reusable Analyses) enables the instantiating of preserved research data analyses on the cloud. 1890:(CTF3), which studied feasibility for the future normal conducting linear collider project (the 12606: 12475: 12335: 12259: 11607: 11573: 11563: 11542: 11537: 6435:

Plass, Günther (2012), Alvarez-Gaumé, Luis; Mangano, Michelangelo; Tsesmelis, Emmanuel (eds.),

5601: 5042: 4961: 4569: 4542: 1868: 1860: 1841: 1830: 1548: 1352: 1326: 983: 11547: 8276: 7063:

Belyaev, I.; Carboni, G.; Harnew, N.; Teubert, C. Matteuzzi F. (2021). "The history of LHCb".

7029: 6849: 6124: 1339: 12535: 12369: 11973: 11532: 11299: 11275: 7903: 7635: 7608: 5519: 4625: 4190:

helps researchers to preserve and document the various components of their physics analyses.

4139: 4130:

and most recently an open data policy that was endorsed by the four main LHC collaborations (

3949: 1952: 1792: 1637: 1614: 1604: 1598: 1530: 1401: 1266: 785: 31: 7353: 5175: 5133: 4384:

was founded by women from CERN. The name was chosen so to have the same initials as the LHC.

12497: 11568: 10677: 10563:. Eva Wilson, Daniela Zyman, Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary. Berlin: Sternberg Press. 10417: 10267: 10210: 10154: 10040: 9700: 9431: 8431: 8121: 8066: 8011: 7958: 7909: 7860: 7801: 7750: 7421: 7289: 7212: 7155: 7082: 6974: 6888: 6814: 6739: 6692: 6606: 6495: 6444: 6401: 6362: 6311: 5916: 5859: 5690: 5593: 5484: 5434: 4563: 4443: 4328:

research, support their activities, and contribute to a global network of art and science.

4198: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4028: 1856: 1849: 1811: 1560: 1444: 781: 11139:"French Fantasy Sci-Fi Series 'Parallels' Official Trailer from Disney | FirstShowing.net" 11015: 10166: 9713: 9688: 9408: 8252: 7577: 3919: 8: 12741: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11597: 11471: 10053: 10028: 4873: 4513: 4471: 4268: 4214: 4111: 3682: 1834: 1578: 1436: 1332: 1283: 1096: 874: 12559: 10720: 10681: 10271: 10214: 10158: 10044: 9704: 8202: 8125: 8015: 7962: 7913: 7864: 7805: 7754: 7425: 7293: 7225: 7216: 7200: 7168: 7159: 7143: 7086: 7034:. Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics. Vol. 30. World Scientific. 6987: 6978: 6962: 6892: 6818: 6743: 6696: 6610: 6499: 6448: 6436: 6405: 6315: 6146: 5920: 5863: 5795: 5694: 5597: 5488: 5438: 1051: 12539: 12269: 12169: 12019: 11685: 11645: 11457: 11407: 11250: 10779: 10746: 10727:, The Frontiers Collection, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 203–221, 10701: 10621: 10293: 10236: 10178: 10144: 10113: 10066: 9509: 9458: 8401: 8027: 7982: 7946: 7827: 7774: 7738: 7332: 7313: 7279: 7248: 7181: 7098: 7072: 7010: 6916: 6830: 6804: 6768: 6727: 6521: 6437:"The CERN Proton Synchrotron: 50 Years of Reliable Operation and Continued Development" 6079: 5906: 5875: 5849: 5724: 5627: 5583: 5500: 5474: 4783: 4518: 4487: 4388: 4225: 1859:(AC), built 1986–1987, operations ended in 1997 and the machine was converted into the 1803: 1802:(LPI) accelerator complex, consisting of two accelerators, a linear accelerator called 1681: 1491: 1476: 1458: 1440: 1425: 1316: 1219: 1039: 904:, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and 878: 642: 12669: 12352: 7267: 7094: 6655:

Proceedings Of The 28th International Conference On High Energy Physics (In 2 Volumes)

6055: 5968:"OPERA experiment reports anomaly in flight time of neutrinos from CERN to Gran Sasso" 5615: 5315: 12737: 12723: 12691: 12661: 12641: 12445: 12407: 12329: 11853: 11700: 11655: 11353: 11314: 11023: 10750: 10736: 10705: 10693: 10613: 10574: 10564: 10297: 10285: 10240: 10228: 10170: 10117: 10105: 10070: 10058: 10009: 9966: 9939: 9842: 9811: 9718: 9464: 9437: 9353: 8480:"CERN welcomes Romania as its twenty-second Member State | Media and Press Relations" 8307: 8298: 8031: 7986: 7974: 7925: 7876: 7817: 7778: 7766: 7437: 7412:

Cho, Adrian (13 July 2012). "Higgs Boson Makes Its Debut After Decades-Long Search".

7361: 7317: 7305: 7252: 7240: 7185: 7173: 7102: 7043: 7014: 7002: 6941: 6920: 6861: 6773: 6755: 6708: 6659: 6634: 6573: 6546: 6511: 6460: 6417: 6104: 6069: 6034: 6009: 5932: 5879: 5816: 5776: 5716: 5708: 5574: 5504: 5446: 5401: 5368: 5329: 5223: 5114: 5104: 5022: 4995: 4737: 4710: 4558: 4530: 4451: 1649: 1541: 848: 797: 12675: 12595: 9904: 9534: 7831: 6997: 6834: 6793:"AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN" 6525: 6083: 5895:"Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC" 5631: 5103:. European Organization for Nuclear Research. Amsterdam: North-Holland Physics Pub. 4988: 4213:, while at the same time taking into account relevant activities carried out by the 1023:. Further tests showed that the results were flawed due to an incorrectly connected 12525: 12493: 12411: 12311: 12295: 12247: 12138: 11794: 11706: 11602: 11589: 11481: 11348: 11324: 11319: 11294: 11289: 10728: 10685: 10605: 10280: 10275: 10255: 10223: 10218: 10198: 10162: 10097: 10048: 9999: 9931: 9900: 9873: 9869: 9838: 9807: 9782: 9708: 8916: 8915:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Pakistan. 20 June 2014. Archived from 8183: 8156: 8129: 8074: 8019: 7966: 7917: 7868: 7809: 7758: 7643: 7616: 7429: 7297: 7230: 7220: 7163: 7090: 7035: 6992: 6982: 6960: 6906: 6896: 6857: 6822: 6763: 6747: 6700: 6624: 6614: 6503: 6452: 6409: 6344: 6319: 6061: 5928: 5924: 5871: 5867: 5766: 5728: 5698: 5619: 5611: 5540: 5492: 5442: 5360: 5321: 4923: 4832: 4674: 4649: 4618: 4522: 4455: 4438: 4313: 4250: 4246: 4135: 4131: 4075: 4009: 1799: 1756: 1661: 1641: 1473: 1429: 1016: 962: 742: 705: 656: 626: 12449: 12230: 10689: 10395: 10182: 8335:"Convention for the Establishment of a European Organization for Nuclear Research" 8133: 8078: 5539:

Blondel, Alain; Mariotti, Chiara; Pieri, Marco; Wells, Pippa (11 September 2019).

5496: 4360:

dance (symbolizing his cosmic dance of creation and destruction) presented by the

1479:(PS), built during 1954–1959 and still operating as a feeder to the more powerful 788:(LHC), the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. The main site at 12798: 12753: 12749: 12705: 12687: 12610: 12577: 12463: 12453: 12429: 12403: 11695: 11650: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11402: 11397: 11358: 11309: 11304: 10732: 10533:"Gianni Motti | "HIGGS, looking for the anti-Motti", CERN, Genève (2005) | Artsy" 10337:"CERN inaugurates Science Gateway, its new outreach centre for science education" 9639: 7970: 7762: 7433: 6935: 6567: 6540: 6273: 6057:

The Innovation in Computing Companion: A Compendium of Select, Pivotal Inventions

6028: 5810: 5567:"A new measurement of direct CP violation in two pion decays of the neutral kaon" 5297:

6th Session of the European Council for Nuclear Research, 29–30 Jun 1953: Minutes

4850: 4731: 4340:, a short stay for artists to stay to engage with CERN's research and community. 4309: 4301: 4143: 3911:

International research institutions, such as CERN, can aid in science diplomacy.

2082: 2078: 2039: 1669: 1495: 1396: 1189: 1177: 1144: 1140: 1043: 976: 921: 855: 727: 630: 12479: 12253: 10004: 9987: 8010:. 1989 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference. Chicago: IEEE. pp. 1815–1817. 7390: 6456: 5758: 3425:

Convention for the Establishment of a European Organization for Nuclear Research

1253: 12731: 12717: 12683: 12549: 12545: 12501: 12489: 12389: 12375: 12291: 12281: 11809: 11690: 11432: 11427: 10085: 8964:"Pakistan officially becomes an associate member of CERN – The Express Tribune" 8176:"Design study of an antiproton collector for the antiproton accumulator (ACOL)" 7872: 7813: 7634:

CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs (18 September 2020). Vretenar, Maurizio (ed.).

7301: 6901: 6876: 6826: 6619: 6594: 6323: 5364: 4399: 2817: 2518: 2074: 2063: 2059: 2032: 2028: 1677: 1626: 1552: 1211: 1173: 1136: 940: 936: 932: 905: 870: 859: 801: 774: 472: 212: 12301: 10848: 9460:

ESO's Early History: The European Southern Observatory from Concept to Reality

8160: 7921: 7266:

Feng, Jonathan L.; Galon, Iftah; Kling, Felix; Trojanowski, Sebastian (2018).

6751: 6704: 6487: 6413: 6065: 5325: 4927: 4836: 765:, admitted in 2013, is the only non-European full member. CERN is an official 12778: 12772: 12713: 12699: 12695: 12679: 12573: 12531: 12511: 12441: 11842: 11363: 11243: 11027: 10927: 10697: 10617: 10578: 10289: 10232: 10174: 10109: 10062: 10013: 9722: 9332:"The Importance of International Research Institutions for Science Diplomacy" 8609:"Slovenia becomes an Associate Member in the pre-stage to Membership at CERN" 8114:"The CERN antiproton collider programme: accelerators and accumulation rings" 8001: 7978: 7770: 7365: 7309: 7244: 7177: 7006: 6759: 6712: 6638: 6421: 5936: 5780: 5712: 4733:

CERN and the Higgs Boson: The Global Quest for the Building Blocks of Reality

4392: 4321: 4272: 2106:

The budget contributions of member states are computed based upon their GDP.

1692: 1166: 1116: 1092: 1075: 135: 122: 11215: 11098: 10609: 9786: 9433:

International Cooperation in Space: The Example of the European Space Agency

9099:"CERN Council takes further measures in response to the invasion of Ukraine" 7620: 6507: 6348: 6213:"Open, Simple, Generative: Why the Web is the Dominant Internet Application" 5118: 5075: 4371: 4337: 3445:

Acceded members become CERN member states by ratifying the CERN convention.

2058:(BEBC) at the Meyrin (West Area) site to examine neutrino interactions. The 1759:

for injection into the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB). Operated 1978–2018.

1046:"for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the 881:. Therefore, the laboratory operated by CERN is commonly referred to as the 12745: 12647: 12630: 12622: 12521: 12517: 12485: 12435: 12399: 12395: 12385: 12241: 11784: 11778: 11640: 10900: 8023: 7647: 7441: 6777: 5720: 4941: 4784:"Final Budget of the Organization for the sixty-eighth financial year 2022" 4644: 4421: 4333: 4150:

individually through their own policies which are updated when necessary.

4091: 1826: 1447:

was commissioned in 2005, after having been reconfigured from the previous

1385: 1109: 1035: 997: 990: 972: 958: 901: 844: 10558: 8187: 7141: 6441:

From the PS to the LHC – 50 Years of Nobel Memories in High-Energy Physics

5771: 4851:"CERN to admit Israel as first new member state since 1999 – CERN Courier" 2047: 2024: 12665: 12555: 12011: 11522: 10896:"Fake human sacrifice filmed at Cern, with pranking scientists suspected" 7198: 5623: 5098: 4596: 4430: 4414: 4404: 4317: 4305: 4178: 4095: 2482: 2374: 2135: 2121: 2043: 1821:(LEAR) was commissioned in 1982. LEAR assembled the first pieces of true 1773:(ISR), an early collider built from 1966 to 1971 and operated until 1984. 1704: 1700: 1129: 1055: 1008: 863: 672: 459: 342: 11164: 10625: 10593: 10470:

At the Edge of their Universe: Artists, Scientists and Outsiders at CERN

10084:

Vesely, Martin; Baron, Thomas; Le Meur, Jean-Yves; Simko, Tibor (2004).

9665: 9374: 9129: 7456:"New results indicate that particle discovered at CERN is a Higgs boson" 6629: 6245:"CERN Scientific Committees | CERN Scientific Information Service (SIS)" 6226: 5219:

The Quantum Exodus: Jewish Fugitives, the Atomic Bomb, and the Holocaust

4187: 1848:

S and LEAR). For later half of its working life operated in tandem with

1621:

The LHC tunnel is located 100 metres underground, in the region between

1428:

generating low energy particles. It provides heavy ions at 4.2 MeV/

12709: 12657: 12626: 12007: 11984: 11486: 11112: 10948: 10818: 10101: 10029:"Open Data and Data Analysis Preservation Services for LHC Experiments" 8764: 8762: 7235: 6911: 6443:, Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 29–47, 5588: 5479: 4617:

features a secretive, underground project apparatus that resembles the

4604: 4551: 4500: 4410: 3583:

1993 (19 members): Czech Republic and Slovakia join (post 1993 borders)

3504: 2086: 1991: 1822: 1556: 1503: 1358: 1100: 925: 831: 10869: 9894: 9863: 9832: 9801: 9306:"Associate & Non-Member State Relations | International Relations" 9152:"Associate & Non-Member State Relations | International Relations" 6340:

Fifty years of research at CERN, from past to future: The Accelerators

3838:

CERN also has scientific contacts with the following other countries:

1417:. Currently (as of 2022) active machines are the LHC accelerator and: 82: 12616: 12425: 12054: 11265: 10484: 9935: 9925: 9776: 9761: 8046: 6728:"Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch" 6338: 5892: 5354: 5269: 4945: 4911: 4820: 4613: 4589: 4482: 4467: 4202: 4126:

ensures that all publications by CERN authors will be published with

4099: 3264: 1526: 1181: 1120: 843:('European Organization for Nuclear Research') in 1954. According to 559: 10026: 8759: 8175: 8148: 8093: 8071:

Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference

8005: 7662: 5703: 5678: 5295: 4573:, based on Niantic's augmented reality mobile game of the same name. 4160:

Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics

1930: 1551:(AD), which reduces the velocity of antiprotons to about 10% of the 982:

2000: The Heavy Ion Programme discovered a new state of matter, the

12421: 11767: 10149: 9686: 7284: 7077: 6809: 6681:"Past, present and future low energy antiproton facilities at CERN" 5314:

Cashmore, Roger; Maiani, Luciano; Revol, Jean-Pierre, eds. (2003).

4758:"Prof. Eliezer Rabinovici is the new president of the CERN Council" 4662: 4630: 4538: 4459: 4357: 4324:

are among the artists who came to CERN in the years that followed.

4260: 3171: 3102: 2889: 2853: 2673: 2017: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1204: 1158: 1085: 947: 585: 572: 420: 381: 199: 10640:"Anselm Kiefer Meets Science At Cern's Monumental Hadron Collider" 7337: 7039: 6492:

Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference

5911: 5854: 10721:"Field Experiences: Fundamental Science and Research in the Arts" 5951:"Neutrinos Travel Faster Than Light, According to One Experiment" 4206: 4127: 3555:

1991 (16 members): Poland and Finland join, and Germany has been

3295: 3202: 3033: 2961: 2781: 2709: 2601: 2266: 2194: 2158: 2035:

and the LEP experiments. The latter are used by LHC experiments.

1999: 1752: 1745: 1732: 1422: 1272: 1210:

More recently, CERN has become a facility for the development of

1185: 611: 507: 394: 303: 277: 251: 238: 225: 186: 173: 12596:

Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research

7664:

History, developments and recent performance of the CERN linac 1

6678: 5351:"The measurement of the number of light neutrino species at LEP" 4537:

The Compact Muon Solenoid at CERN was used as the basis for the

66: 11447: 10253: 7633: 7606: 6934:

Binoth, T.; Buttar, C.; Clark, P. J.; Glover, E. W. N. (2012).

4602:

In the 2017 season 10 episode 6 of the British science fiction

4210: 4170: 3973: 3354: 3326: 3140: 3071: 2997: 2925: 2745: 2446: 2410: 2302: 2230: 2008: 1499: 1455: 1195:

In 1995, Berners-Lee and Cailliau were jointly honoured by the

1154: 812: 789: 762: 750: 746: 598: 546: 520: 494: 446: 407: 368: 355: 316: 290: 264: 114: 72: 12231:

Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research

9589: 7354:"Let the Proton Smashing Begin. (The Rap Is Already Written.)" 5744:"Scientists capture antimatter atoms in particle breakthrough" 3675:

Also observers are the following international organizations:

891:), which better describes the research being performed there. 12113: 11517: 11387: 10473:. Manchester: The University of Manchester. pp. 168–188. 9985: 8588:"Slovenia to enter the Associate Member State family of CERN" 7999: 6790: 6030:

Giants of Computing: A Compendium of Select, Pivotal Pioneers

4425: 4365: 4353: 4264: 3233: 2637: 2338: 1913:) and a larger version of the LHC, a project currently named 1653: 1574: 1004: 745:

laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in

533: 433: 329: 10893: 10666:"In/visible: the inside story of the making of Arts at CERN" 10560:

Cerith Wyn Evans : the what if? ... scenario (after LG)

10195: 8909:"Pakistan Becomes the First Associate CERN Member from Asia" 4166: 1755:

linear accelerator injector. Accelerated protons to 50

711: 57: 12634: 12123: 11442: 11437: 11207: 8821: 8819: 8792: 8790: 8044: 7062: 6847: 4511:

In the 2010 season 3 episode 15 of the TV situation comedy

4463: 4182: 3764:, in preparation of a cooperation agreement signed in 2004. 3736:

China – 12 July 1991, 14 August 1997 & 17 February 2004

1887: 1657: 1645: 1015:

In September 2011, CERN attracted media attention when the

1007:

with mass around 125 GeV/c consistent with the long-sought

851:

said that this could "still be CERN even if the name is ".

11231:

CERN reports, 1952–1993, Niels Bohr Library & Archives

9737:"Birthplace of the World Wide Web CERN Launches home.cern" 6685:

International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series

2077:, who pushed for CERN's creation. Other notable names are 2042:

was an experiment looking at the production of so-called "

1525:(LEP). Since 2008, it has been used to inject protons and 877:, concerned mainly with the study of interactions between 10719:

Bello, Mónica (2019), Wuppuluri, Shyam; Wu, Dali (eds.),

9927:

2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics

8603: 8601: 8048:

The design of the LEP electron positron accumulator (EPA)

7660: 7265: 6850:"Status of the CLEAR Electron Beam User Facility at CERN" 5538: 5193:"Conflict between title and initials of the Organization" 5151:"Conflict between title and initials of the Organization" 3923: 3359: 3331: 3300: 3269: 3238: 3207: 3176: 3145: 3107: 3076: 3038: 3002: 2966: 2930: 2894: 2858: 2822: 2786: 2750: 2714: 2678: 2642: 2606: 2562: 2523: 2487: 2451: 2415: 2379: 2343: 2307: 2271: 2235: 2199: 2163: 1345: 1289: 1276: 1024: 11049:"Musician Howie Day records love song to physics | CERN" 8816: 8787: 8730: 8728: 8388: 8386: 7857:

Challenges and Goals for Accelerators in the XXI Century

7798:

Challenges and Goals for Accelerators in the XXI Century

7144:"The TOTEM Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider" 6569:

Challenges and Goals for Accelerators in the XXI Century

5835: 5420: 5097:

Hermann, Armin; Belloni, Lanfranco; Krige, John (1987).

4454:

feature CERN, accusing the organization of partaking in

1852:(AC), to form the Antiproton Accumulation Complex (AAC). 1603:

Many activities at CERN currently involve operating the

10131:

Maguire, Eamonn; Heinrich, Lukas; Watt, Graeme (2017).

10083: 9923: 8306:(6th ed.). European Space Agency. September 2005. 7027: 6933: 6874: 6725: 5463:"Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance" 5320:. Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 4174: 3479:

1954 (12 members): CERN is founded (1954-1990 borders)

11883: 9689:"First experience with the new .cern Top Level Domain" 9070:"CERN Council responds to Russian invasion of Ukraine" 8598: 7905:

LEP – The Lord of the Collider Rings at CERN 1980-2000

6854:

Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf

6293: 6291: 4525:

travel to CERN to attend a conference and see the LHC.

3389: 3382: 3305: 3274: 3243: 3212: 3181: 3150: 3112: 3081: 3043: 3018: 3012: 3007: 2982: 2976: 2971: 2946: 2940: 2935: 2910: 2904: 2899: 2874: 2868: 2863: 2838: 2832: 2827: 2802: 2796: 2791: 2766: 2760: 2755: 2730: 2724: 2719: 2694: 2688: 2683: 2658: 2652: 2647: 2622: 2616: 2611: 2579: 2573: 2568: 2539: 2533: 2528: 2503: 2497: 2492: 2467: 2461: 2456: 2431: 2425: 2420: 2395: 2389: 2384: 2359: 2353: 2348: 2323: 2317: 2312: 2287: 2281: 2276: 2251: 2245: 2240: 2215: 2209: 2204: 2179: 2173: 2168: 1833:. The LEAR apparatus itself was reconfigured into the 1588:(CLEAR) accelerator research and development facility. 869:

The laboratory was originally devoted to the study of

11191: 11016:"Google's Ingress Takes Mobile Gaming to the Streets" 10772:"Physicists Discover Another Unifying Force: Doo-Wop" 10256:"REANA: A System for Reusable Research Data Analyses" 8725: 8383: 7201:"The LHCf detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider" 5018:

How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web

4417:, alleged that CERN would invent time travel in 2001. 4290: 3595:

1999 (20 members): Bulgaria joins (post 1993 borders)

3543:

1985 (14 members): Portugal joins (1954-1990 borders)

3531:

1983 (13 members): Spain re-joins (1954-1990 borders)

3454:

Spain was previously a member state from 1961 to 1969

714: 708: 683: 11773:

Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments

10133:"HEPData: a repository for high energy physics data" 9865:

CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy

9614: 8992: 7031:

ATLAS: A 25-Year Insider Story of the LHC Experiment

6652:

Ajduk, Zygmunt; Wroblewski, Andrzej Kajetan (1997).

4191: 4079: 3571:

1992 (17 members): Hungary joins (post 1993 borders)

3491:

1959 (13 members): Austria joins (1954-1990 borders)

1559:. The AD machine was reconfigured from the previous 1135:

A plaque at CERN commemorating the invention of the

888:

Laboratoire européen pour la physique des particules

10994:"Large Hadron Collider Unleashes Rampaging Zombies" 10130: 9830: 9799: 7479:"First successful beam at record energy of 6.5 TeV" 6488:"Operational history of the SPS collider 1981–1990" 6390:"Past and present operation of the CERN PS Booster" 6288: 5313: 5096: 4567:, and in the 2018 Japanese anime television series 4197:All of the abovementioned services are built using 3721:

Belarus – 28 June 1994 (suspended as of March 2022)

3519:

1969 (12 members): Spain leaves (1954-1990 borders)

1050:". The 2013 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to 840:

Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire

48:

Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire

10949:"Angels and Demons – the science behind the story" 9892: 9018:"Latvia to join CERN as an Associate Member State" 8737:"Lithuania becomes Associate Member State of CERN" 8582: 8580: 8263: 8261: 8067:"Final Results From the Clic Test Facility (CTF3)" 6599:Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 5564: 4987: 3930:A large number of institutes around the world are 1718: 1432:for injection into the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR). 10924:"Why Conspiracy Theorists Are Obsessed With CERN" 10507:"Art and sub-atomic particles to collide at CERN" 9861: 9124: 9122: 9120: 8939:"Pakistan becomes Associate Member State of CERN" 8883:"Turkey to become Associate Member State of CERN" 6192: 3812:Republic of Korea (South Korea) – 25 October 2006 12770: 10363:"Microcosm to close permanently on 18 September" 9986:Alexander Kohls; Salvatore Mele (9 April 2018). 8986:"India to become Associate Member State of CERN" 8553: 8551: 8531:"CERN welcomes Estonia as its 24th Member State" 4580:, and Tom Perry and Laser Seymour Kaplan of the 4249:previously hosted another on-site exhibition on 3668:Russia – since 1993 (suspended as of March 2022) 3057:Associate Members in the pre-stage to membership 75:, Switzerland, looking towards the French border 12564:European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN 10894:Staff and agencies in Geneva (17 August 2016). 10802: 9000:"Lithuania has become associate member of CERN" 8827:"Brazil becomes Associate Member State of CERN" 8798:"Latvia becomes Associate Member State of CERN" 8577: 8258: 7448: 7330: 6651: 6010:"A short history of Internet protocols at CERN" 5014: 4990:Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web 4495:, a canister of antimatter is stolen from CERN. 3427:which entered into force on 29 September 1954. 1898: 1829:. It was closed in 1996, and superseded by the 946:1989: The determination of the number of light 834:before moving to its present site near Geneva. 11211:– International journal of high-energy physics 10418:"Shiva's Cosmic Dance at CERN | Fritjof Capra" 9117: 8715:"India becomes Associate Member State of CERN" 8416: 7117:"MoEDAL becomes the LHC's magnificent seventh" 6538: 1738: 1513:S collider), and for accelerating high energy 816:The 12 founding member states of CERN in 1954. 12201: 11869: 11251: 10763: 9958: 9778:CERN Open Data Policy for the LHC Experiments 8694:"Ukraine becomes an associate member of CERN" 8548: 7547:"LS2 Report: Review of a rather unusual year" 7345: 5759:"Antimatter trapped for more than 15 minutes" 4729: 1586:CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research 758: 12844:Scientific organizations established in 1954 9774: 9436:. Harvard University Press. pp. 58–59. 8505:"Serbia joins CERN as its 23rd Member State" 8203:"Cern plans for even larger hadron collider" 7720:"The Synchrocyclotron prepares for visitors" 6565: 6193:Ari-Pekka, Hameri; Nordberg, Markus (1997). 5960: 5796:"Antimatter atoms are corralled even longer" 5735: 5356:60 Years of CERN Experiments and Discoveries 2092: 2071:roads on the CERN Meyrin and Prévessin sites 886: 838: 823:Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire 821: 734:Conseil européen pour la Recherche nucléaire 732: 46: 12789:International organizations based in Europe 9429: 9375:"The CERN Experimental Programme: Greybook" 9346: 9093: 9091: 8688: 8686: 7739:"The CERN intersecting storage rings (ISR)" 7379: 6592: 6494:. San Francisco: IEEE. pp. 2952–2954. 6060:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 6053: 6026: 5524:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5400:. Oxford University Press. pp. 93–96. 3970:, CERN is an observer to the SESAME Council 3727:Bosnia & Herzegovina – 16 February 2021 3404: 2097: 2073:are named after famous physicists, such as 1959:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 12208: 12194: 11876: 11862: 11267:European Organization for Nuclear Research 11258: 11244: 9430:Bonnet, Roger-M.; Manno, Vittorio (1994). 8853:"2021 Annual Contributions to CERN budget" 8523: 8111: 7503: 7476: 6593:Borge, Maria J. G.; Jonson, Björn (2017). 5035: 4723: 4065:Domain registrations only possible by CERN 4056:European Organization for Nuclear Research 4045:European Organization for Nuclear Research 3914: 3760:Jordan – 12 June 2003 MoU with Jordan and 3656: 1577:experiment, which is a proof-of-principle 911: 696:European Organization for Nuclear Research 65: 40:European Organization for Nuclear Research 11892:associated to Universities and ETH domain 10556: 10316:European Commission – European Commission 10279: 10222: 10148: 10052: 10003: 9775:CERN. Geneva (2020). CERN. Geneva (ed.). 9712: 9354:"ESO and CERN Sign Cooperation Agreement" 8709: 8707: 8002:"Progress report on the LEP Pre-injector" 7853:"The CERN SPS proton–antiproton collider" 7336: 7283: 7234: 7224: 7167: 7076: 6996: 6986: 6910: 6900: 6808: 6767: 6628: 6618: 6394:International Journal of Modern Physics A 6033:. Springer Science & Business Media. 5910: 5853: 5812:Higgs Discovery: The Power of Empty Space 5770: 5702: 5605: 5587: 5478: 5180:. Study Team for CERN History. p. 5. 5138:. Study Team for CERN History. p. 5. 5015:Gillies, James; Cailliau, Robert (2000). 4985: 4681:Science and Technology Facilities Council 4458:and secret experiments involving opening 3691:– since 2014 (suspended as of March 2022) 3436:Yugoslavia left the organization in 1961. 3417: 2007:The smaller accelerators are on the main 1979:Learn how and when to remove this message 1863:(AD), which is the successor machine for 12165:Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering 11074:"Howie Day records love song to physics" 9762:Open Access Policy for CERN Publications 9088: 8683: 7901: 7679:"The tale of a billion-trillion protons" 7607:CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs (2020). 6566:Brüning, Oliver; Myers, Stephen (2015). 5991:"CERN scoops up the Nobel physics prize" 4986:McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino (2009). 4370: 4347: 4293:, the arts programme of the Laboratory. 4224: 3918: 3439: 3375:Total Members, Candidates and Associates 1998: 1990: 1609: 1592: 1395: 1233: 883:European laboratory for particle physics 811: 800:hub. CERN is also the birthplace of the 767:United Nations General Assembly observer 11224: 10466: 9899:, Peter Clarke, CERN Open Data Portal, 9510:"Governing and Advisory Bodies of JINR" 9329: 9234:. CERN. 17 October 2011. Archived from 8735:Jarlett, Harriet Kim (8 January 2018). 8734: 8221: 8219: 8064: 7944: 7850: 7575: 7351: 6300:"LEIR: the low energy ion ring at CERN" 5808: 3952:), organization based on the CERN model 3464:Maps of the history of CERN membership 1888:Compact Linear Collider Test Facility 3 1825:, in 1995, consisting of nine atoms of 1261:Current particle and nuclear facilities 780:CERN's main function is to provide the 27:European research centre in Switzerland 14: 12771: 10808: 10770:Brown, Malcolm W. (29 December 1998). 9456: 8704: 8173: 8107: 8105: 8060: 8058: 7859:, World Scientific, pp. 153–167, 7800:, World Scientific, pp. 135–151, 7736: 7576:Mangano, Michelangelo (9 March 2020). 7268:"ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC" 6485: 6336: 6297: 6210: 5988: 5756: 5741: 5215: 4677:, neutrino detection experiment, Japan 4498:CERN is depicted in a 2009 episode of 3958:, organization based on the CERN model 3942:, organization based on the CERN model 3926:and CERN have a cooperation agreement. 3661:Three countries have observer status: 1390:Produces isotopes for medical purposes 12594: 12229: 12220:for Technical and Scientific Research 12189: 11857: 11742:High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider 11239: 11220:, September 2008, a BBC Radio program 10991: 10921: 10769: 10718: 10591: 10137:Journal of Physics: Conference Series 10033:Journal of Physics: Conference Series 9693:Journal of Physics: Conference Series 9646:. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 9632: 9258:"Prime Minister of Malta visits CERN" 8913:Government of Pakistan press releases 8863:from the original on 19 February 2021 8269:"Member States' Contributions – 2019" 8200: 8146: 7947:"A few memories from the days at LEP" 7794:"The CERN Intersecting Storage Rings" 7791: 7557:from the original on 17 December 2020 7544: 6434: 6387: 6096: 6007: 5989:Sutton, Christine (25 October 1984). 5676: 5653:"New State of Matter created at CERN" 5393: 5309: 5307: 5190: 5173: 5148: 5131: 5062: 5060: 4706:Science and technology in Switzerland 4343: 3940:European Molecular Biology Laboratory 726: 18:European Council for Nuclear Research 12218:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award 12075:Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences 11099:"The art lightshow inspired by Cern" 11013: 10809:McCabe, Heather (10 February 1999). 10663: 9545:from the original on 1 February 2020 9514:Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 9385:from the original on 2 November 2021 8901: 8875: 8497: 8323:from the original on 9 October 2022. 8216: 8095:LEAR, history and early achievements 8091: 7695: 6963:"The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC" 5893:Chatrchyan, S.; et al. (2012). 5793: 5641:from the original on 9 October 2022. 5558: 5348: 5205:from the original on 9 October 2022. 5191:Dakin, S. A. ff. (2 November 1954). 5163:from the original on 9 October 2022. 5149:Dakin, S. A. ff. (2 November 1954). 4909: 4869:"CERN accepts Israel as full member" 4818: 4693:SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 4687:Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 4669:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment 4263:, the dancing form of the Hindu god 3946:European Space Research Organisation 1995:CERN building 40 at the Meyrin site. 1957:adding citations to reliable sources 1924: 1119:router at CERN was one of the first 954:(LEP) operating on the Z boson peak; 12346:Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad 11805:The Globe of Science and Innovation 10973:. South Park Studios. 15 April 2009 10829:from the original on 9 October 2022 10790:from the original on 9 October 2022 9569:international-relations.web.cern.ch 9489:international-relations.web.cern.ch 9310:international-relations.web.cern.ch 9156:international-relations.web.cern.ch 8774:international-relations.web.cern.ch 8770:"Croatia | International Relations" 8615:. CERN. 4 July 2017. Archived from 8255:. Haaretz. Retrieved 28 April 2014. 8251:Rahman, Fazlur. (11 November 2013) 8102: 8055: 7411: 6237: 4800:from the original on 9 October 2022 4578:University of California, Riverside 4259:In 2004, a two-meter statue of the 4240:The Globe of Science and Innovation 4230:The Globe of Science and Innovation 3503:1961 (13 members): Spain joins and 1877:Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron 1778:Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron 1197:Association for Computing Machinery 1153:CERN pioneered the introduction of 1061: 1019:reported the detection of possibly 989:2010: The isolation of 38 atoms of 894: 24: 12829:Research institutes in Switzerland 11885:Research institutes in Switzerland 10992:Boyle, Rebecca (31 October 2012). 9565:"UNESCO | International Relations" 8007:Accelerator Science and Technology 7588:from the original on 25 March 2020 7532:"LHC smashes targets for 2016 run" 7506:"Proton beams are back in the LHC" 6658:. World Scientific. p. 1749. 5742:Shaikh, Thair (18 November 2010). 5304: 5057: 4220: 1483:and to many of CERN's experiments. 1238: 25: 12855: 12794:International research institutes 12370:Pedro Miguel Echenique Landiríbar 11183: 10922:Brown, Diana (13 February 2018). 10670:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 10594:"John Berger of the Haute-Savoie" 9280:"Malta signs agreement with CERN" 8201:Ghosh, Pallab (15 January 2019). 6877:"The CLEAR user facility at CERN" 6595:"ISOLDE past, present and future" 5679:"Antimatter held for questioning" 5300:. Paris: CERN. 28 September 2023. 4897:"Intergovernmental Organizations" 4584:created a parody video based on " 1540:(ISOLDE), which is used to study 1214:, hosting projects including the 12834:Science and technology in Europe 11838: 11837: 11335:Large Electron–Positron Collider 11217:Big Bang Day: The Making of CERN 11157: 11131: 11105: 11091: 11066: 11041: 11007: 10985: 10963: 10941: 10915: 10887: 10862: 10841: 10712: 10657: 10632: 10585: 10550: 10525: 10499: 10477: 10460: 10435: 10410: 10380: 10355: 10329: 10304: 10247: 10189: 10124: 10077: 10020: 9979: 9959:Loizides, F.; Smidt, B. (2016). 9952: 9924:European Strategy Group (2020). 9917: 9896:LHCb External Data Access Policy 9886: 9855: 9843:10.7483/opendata.atlas.t9yr.y7mz 9824: 9812:10.7483/opendata.alice.54ne.x2ea 9803:ALICE data preservation strategy 9793: 9768: 9754: 9729: 9680: 9658: 9607: 9582: 9557: 9527: 9502: 9485:"JINR | International Relations" 9477: 9450: 9423: 9397: 9367: 9323: 9298: 9272: 9250: 9220: 9194: 9169: 9144: 9062: 9036: 9010: 8978: 8956: 8931: 8845: 8657: 8631: 8472: 8446: 8357: 8327: 8291: 8245: 8194: 8167: 8140: 8085: 7352:Overbye, Dennis (29 July 2008). 7028:The ATLAS Collaboration (2019). 6862:10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2019-MOPTS054 6539:Watkins, Peter; Watkins (1986). 6363:"LHC Run 3: the final countdown" 5270:"People and things: Felix Bloch" 4582:University of Wisconsin, Madison 4517:, "The Large Hadron Collision", 3600: 3588: 3576: 3564: 3548: 3536: 3524: 3512: 3496: 3484: 3472: 3448: 3430: 3423:12 founding members drafted the 3347: 3319: 3288: 3257: 3226: 3195: 3164: 3133: 3095: 3064: 3026: 2990: 2954: 2918: 2882: 2846: 2810: 2774: 2738: 2702: 2666: 2630: 2594: 2548: 2511: 2475: 2439: 2403: 2367: 2331: 2295: 2259: 2223: 2187: 2151: 1929: 1867:(LEAR). Operated in tandem with 1789:Large Electron–Positron Collider 1744:The original linear accelerator 1631:Large Electron–Positron Collider 1568:Extra Low Energy Antiproton ring 1523:Large Electron–Positron Collider 1252: 1128: 1108: 1084: 952:Large Electron–Positron Collider 704: 604: 591: 578: 565: 552: 539: 526: 513: 500: 487: 465: 452: 439: 426: 413: 400: 387: 374: 361: 348: 335: 322: 309: 296: 283: 270: 257: 244: 231: 218: 205: 192: 179: 166: 87:States with full CERN membership 81: 56: 11199:"The emerald city – CERN at 50" 10664:Koek, Ariane (2 October 2017). 10443:"CERN launches Cultural Policy" 10167:10.1088/1742-6596/898/10/102006 9905:10.7483/opendata.lhcb.hkjw.twsz 9714:10.1088/1742-6596/898/10/102012 9407:. 13 April 2014. Archived from 9330:Quevedo, Fernando (July 2013). 8149:"The CERN antiproton collector" 8038: 7993: 7951:The European Physical Journal H 7938: 7895: 7844: 7785: 7743:The European Physical Journal H 7730: 7712: 7689: 7671: 7654: 7640:CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs 7627: 7613:CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs 7600: 7578:"LHC at 10: the physics legacy" 7569: 7538: 7524: 7497: 7470: 7405: 7324: 7259: 7192: 7135: 7109: 7095:10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00002-z 7056: 7021: 6954: 6927: 6868: 6841: 6784: 6719: 6672: 6645: 6586: 6559: 6532: 6479: 6428: 6381: 6355: 6330: 6262: 6219: 6204: 6186: 6164: 6139: 6117: 6090: 6047: 6020: 6001: 5982: 5943: 5886: 5829: 5802: 5787: 5750: 5670: 5645: 5565:Fanti, V.; et al. (1999). 5532: 5453: 5414: 5387: 5342: 5317:Prestigious discoveries at CERN 5288: 5262: 5236: 5209: 5184: 5167: 5142: 5125: 5090: 5008: 4979: 4954: 4485:'s 2000 mystery-thriller novel 4284: 4085: 3794:North Macedonia – 27 April 2009 3621:Associate Members, Candidates: 2046:" particles and located at the 1719:Accelerators under construction 854:CERN's first president was Sir 12175:Swiss Ornithological Institute 10054:10.1088/1742-6596/664/3/032030 9874:10.7483/opendata.cms.udbf.jkr9 9640:".cern Domain Delegation Data" 6103:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 5929:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021 5872:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020 5794:Amos, Jonathan (6 June 2011). 5677:Reich, Eugenie Samuel (2010). 4994:. Twenty-First Century Books. 4934: 4903: 4889: 4861: 4843: 4812: 4776: 4750: 4441:'s 1999 science fiction novel 3616: 1538:On-Line Isotope Mass Separator 1380:Produces radioactive ion beams 1048:multiwire proportional chamber 971:1999: The discovery of direct 739:intergovernmental organization 13: 1: 12824:Research institutes in France 12809:Organisations based in Geneva 11825:Scientific committees of CERN 10690:10.1080/03080188.2017.1381225 10090:Publishing Research Quarterly 9764:(Report). Geneva: CERN. 2021. 8134:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.09.001 8112:Koziol, H.; Möhl, D. (2004). 8079:10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2017-TUZB1 7226:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08006 7169:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08007 6988:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004 5616:10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01030-8 5497:10.1016/j.physrep.2005.12.006 4716: 4588:", a song by American artist 4470:, shifting the world into an 3956:European Southern Observatory 3791:New Zealand – 4 December 2003 2129:(fraction of total for 2019) 1808:Electron Positron Accumulator 1521:which were injected into the 1498:), it has been operated as a 1415:Scientific Committees of CERN 1072:History of the World Wide Web 11790:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid 10733:10.1007/978-3-030-27577-8_13 10281:10.1051/epjconf/201921406034 10224:10.1051/epjconf/202024506011 9831:ATLAS Collaboration (2014), 9800:ALICE Collaboration (2014), 7434:10.1126/science.337.6091.141 6172:"The World Wide Web project" 5997:. Reed Business Information. 5447:10.1016/0370-2693(96)00005-6 5423:"Production of antihydrogen" 5074:. Article II. Archived from 3782:Montenegro – 12 October 1990 3715:Azerbaijan – 3 December 1997 1899:Possible future accelerators 1623:Geneva International Airport 1579:plasma wakefield accelerator 1301:Accelerates protons and ions 1226:(CIXP), one of the two main 1224:CERN Internet Exchange Point 1216:Enabling Grids for E-sciencE 1192:, became involved in 1990. 957:1995: The first creation of 7: 12819:Physics research institutes 12814:Particle physics facilities 12804:Nuclear research institutes 11719:Non-accelerator experiments 11502:81 cm Saclay Bubble Chamber 10388:"Faces and Places (page 3)" 10005:10.3390/publications6020015 9893:LHCb Collaboration (2014), 9666:".cern registration policy" 8174:Wilson, Edmund J N (1983). 7065:European Physical Journal H 6457:10.1007/978-3-642-30844-4_2 6097:Scott, Virginia A. (2008). 5244:"Lew Kowarski – Session VI" 5021:. Oxford University Press. 4962:"The Large Hadron Collider" 4638: 4362:Department of Atomic Energy 3830:United Arab Emirates – 2006 3754:Iceland – 11 September 1996 3712:Australia – 1 November 1991 2056:Big European Bubble Chamber 1739:Decommissioned accelerators 1321:Accelerates protons or ions 1021:faster-than-light neutrinos 902:Federal Republic of Germany 115:Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland 10: 12860: 10557:Wyn Evans, Cerith (2013). 9862:CMS Collaboration (2014), 7971:10.1140/epjh/e2011-20050-0 7873:10.1142/9789814436403_0010 7814:10.1142/9789814436403_0009 7763:10.1140/epjh/e2011-20058-8 7696:Fidecaro, Giuseppe (ed.). 7510:CERN: Accelerating science 7483:CERN: Accelerating science 7302:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.035001 7205:Journal of Instrumentation 7148:Journal of Instrumentation 6967:Journal of Instrumentation 6902:10.1016/j.nima.2017.11.080 6827:10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.026 6324:10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.040 5365:10.1142/9789814644150_0004 4188:CERN Analysis Preservation 3976:, observer to CERN Council 3818:South Africa – 4 July 1992 3742:Costa Rica – February 2014 3671:United States – since 1997 3507:leaves (1954-1990 borders) 1902: 1873:Low Energy Antiproton Ring 1865:Low Energy Antiproton Ring 1819:Low Energy Antiproton Ring 1771:Intersecting Storage Rings 1596: 1467:Proton Synchrotron Booster 1449:Low Energy Antiproton Ring 1180:. Based on the concept of 1095:used by British scientist 1065: 873:, but was soon applied to 807: 741:that operates the largest 29: 12784:France–Switzerland border 12601: 12590: 12276:Antonio González González 12254:Luis Antonio Santaló Sors 12236: 12225: 12152: 12106: 12073: 12047: 11982: 11891: 11833: 11820:Directors-general of CERN 11760: 11734: 11718: 11630: 11556: 11510: 11456: 11372: 11333: 11274: 10467:Røstvik, Camilla (2016). 9868:, CERN Open Data Portal, 9837:, CERN Open Data Portal, 9806:, CERN Open Data Portal, 8698:Media and Press Relations 8613:Media and Press Relations 8594:. CERN. 16 December 2016. 8592:Media and Press Relations 8509:Media and Press Relations 8161:10.5170/CERN-1984-015.525 8065:Corsini, Roberto (2017). 7922:10.1007/978-3-540-89301-1 7902:Schopper, Herwig (2009). 7851:Schmidt, Rudiger (2016), 6752:10.1038/s41586-018-0485-4 6705:10.1142/S2010194514602610 6414:10.1142/S0217751X13300196 6066:10.1007/978-3-030-02619-6 5326:10.1007/978-3-662-12779-7 4928:10.17181/ANNUALREPORT2019 4837:10.17181/ANNUALREPORT2019 4504:(Season 13, Episode 6), " 4062:Registration restrictions 4061: 4050: 4039: 4027: 4019: 4008: 3990: 3821:Sri Lanka – February 2017 3797:Palestine – December 2015 3788:Nepal – 19 September 2017 3776:Mexico – 20 February 1998 3751:Georgia – 11 October 1996 3706:Argentina – 11 March 1992 3124: 3055: 2585: 2142: 2093:Participation and funding 1384: 1374: 1364: 1351: 1338: 1325: 1315: 1305: 1295: 1282: 1265: 1260: 1251: 1201:World Wide Web Consortium 1099:at CERN became the first 755:France–Switzerland border 678: 662: 648: 636: 620: 151: 110: 92: 80: 64: 55: 44: 12637:Scientific Collaboration 12342:Manuel Losada Villasante 12318:Francisco Bolívar Zapata 12048:other federal institutes 11752:Future Circular Collider 11374:Super Proton Synchrotron 9965:. IOS Press. p. 9. 9834:ATLAS Data Access Policy 9457:Blaauw, Adriaan (1991). 9286:. Malta. 11 January 2008 8721:. CERN. 16 January 2017. 7945:Picasso, Emilio (2012). 6998:10067/730480151162165141 6620:10.1088/1361-6471/aa5f03 6054:O'Regan, Gerard (2018). 6027:O'Regan, Gerard (2013). 5541:"LEP's electroweak leap" 5349:Mele, Salvatore (2015), 4420:CERN is depicted in the 4015:Generic top-level domain 3980: 3730:Canada – 11 October 1996 2098:Member states and budget 1920: 1915:Future Circular Collider 1905:Future Circular Collider 1488:Super Proton Synchrotron 1406:Super Proton Synchrotron 1331:Injects heavy ions into 1228:internet exchange points 1176:was invented at CERN by 828:University of Copenhagen 45: 12728:Everett Peter Greenberg 12380:Enrique Moreno González 12324:Federico García Moliner 11747:Compact Linear Collider 11383:List of SPS experiments 11344:List of LEP experiments 11285:List of LHC experiments 10610:10.1525/fq.2017.70.4.93 9787:10.17181/CERN.QXNK.8L2G 9336:Science & Diplomacy 9260:. CERN. 10 January 2008 9232:International Relations 9206:International Relations 9048:International Relations 8700:. CERN. 5 October 2016. 8669:International Relations 8643:International Relations 8563:International Relations 8458:International Relations 8369:International relations 8231:International Relations 8155:. CERN-84-15: 525–541. 7792:Myers, Stephen (2016), 7621:10.23731/CYRM-2020-0010 6508:10.1109/PAC.1991.165151 6349:10.5170/cern-2006-004.1 6298:Chanel, Michel (2004). 5216:Fraser, Gordon (2012). 4947:CERN Annual report 2016 4652:, CERN operating system 4550:CERN forms part of the 4387:The science journalist 4382:Les Horribles Cernettes 4054:Domains related to the 4043:Domains related to the 3915:Associated institutions 3803:Peru – 23 February 1993 3800:Paraguay – January 2019 3785:Morocco – 14 April 1997 3773:Malta – 10 January 2008 3748:Egypt – 16 January 2006 3733:Chile – 10 October 1991 3709:Armenia – 25 March 1994 3657:International relations 2132:Contribution per capita 1370:Decelerates antiprotons 1163:History of the Internet 1068:History of the Internet 1032:Nobel Prize for Physics 1027:synchronization cable. 931:1983: The discovery of 920:1973: The discovery of 912:Scientific achievements 830:under the direction of 481:Associate members (10): 12607:Emmanuelle Charpentier 12266:David Vázquez Martínez 12260:Antonio Garcia-Bellido 10971:"Southparkstudios.com" 10260:EPJ Web of Conferences 10203:EPJ Web of Conferences 8430:. CERN. Archived from 8400:. CERN. Archived from 8341:. CERN. Archived from 8275:. CERN. Archived from 8024:10.1109/PAC.1989.72934 7648:10.23731/CYRM-2020-006 7636:"Linac4 design report" 7389:. CERN. Archived from 6272:. CERN. Archived from 6270:"CERN Website – LINAC" 5809:Randall, Lisa (2012). 4730:James Gillies (2018). 4611:The television series 4570:Ingress: The Animation 4528:The 2012 student film 4376: 4375:Geneva tram 18 at CERN 4368: 4282: 4233: 3996:; 10 years ago 3927: 3767:Kazakhstan – June 2018 3739:Colombia – 15 May 1993 3700:Albania – October 2014 2004: 1996: 1869:Antiproton Accumulator 1861:Antiproton Decelerator 1842:Antiproton Accumulator 1831:Antiproton Decelerator 1618: 1549:Antiproton Decelerator 1409: 887: 839: 822: 817: 733: 98:; 69 years ago 96:29 September 1954 47: 12536:Arturo Álvarez-Buylla 12107:international centers 11276:Large Hadron Collider 11167:. IMDb. 23 March 2022 10870:"National Geographic" 10811:"Grrl Geeks Rock Out" 10592:White, Jerry (2017). 9405:"EMBL History – EMBL" 8511:. CERN. 24 March 2019 8188:10.5170/CERN-1983-010 8147:Autin, Bruno (1984). 7737:Hübner, Kurt (2012). 6227:"Engineering at CERN" 6211:Andrew, Oram (2021). 5772:10.1038/news.2011.349 5757:Matson, John (2011). 5394:Close, Frank (2018). 4556:massively multiplayer 4374: 4351: 4277: 4228: 4167:CERN Open Data portal 4120:reproducible research 4092:Open Science movement 3922: 2002: 1994: 1793:Large Hadron Collider 1748:. Operated 1959–1992. 1613: 1605:Large Hadron Collider 1599:Large Hadron Collider 1593:Large Hadron Collider 1531:Large Hadron Collider 1402:Large Hadron Collider 1399: 1234:Particle accelerators 875:higher-energy physics 815: 786:Large Hadron Collider 782:particle accelerators 724:French pronunciation: 32:Cern (disambiguation) 12498:George M. Whitesides 11795:Microcosm exhibition 11497:30 cm Bubble Chamber 11225:Archival collections 11143:www.firstshowing.net 10858:– via YouTube. 8428:CERN Council website 8424:"CERN Member States" 8339:CERN Council website 7726:. 28 September 2023. 6572:. World Scientific. 6542:Story of the W and Z 6249:scientific-info.cern 5957:, 22 September 2011. 5174:Krige, John (1985). 5132:Krige, John (1985). 4942:"Discovery machines" 4472:alternative timeline 4413:, a self-proclaimed 4199:open source software 4175:CERN Document Server 4116:digital preservation 4104:open source software 3994:August 13, 2014 1953:improve this section 1857:Antiproton Collector 1850:Antiproton Collector 1812:CLIC Test Facility 3 1715:at the end of 2018. 1680:infrastructure, the 1561:Antiproton Collector 1222:. It also hosts the 1000:for over 15 minutes; 856:Benjamin Lockspeiser 749:, western suburb of 136:46.23417°N 6.05278°E 71:CERN's main site in 30:For other uses, see 12742:Jeffrey M. Friedman 12570:Avelino Corma Canós 12366:Emilio Méndez Pérez 11511:Linear accelerators 11014:Andersen, Michael. 10874:National Geographic 10682:2017ISRv...42..345K 10272:2019EPJWC.21406034S 10215:2020EPJWC.24506011F 10159:2017JPhCS.898j2006M 10045:2015JPhCS.664c2030C 9705:2017JPhCS.898j2012A 9590:".cern – ICANNWiki" 8988:. 21 November 2016. 8889:. CERN. 12 May 2014 8279:on 20 November 2017 8126:2004PhR...403...91K 8120:. 403–404: 91–106. 8016:1989pac..conf.1815B 7963:2012EPJH...36..551P 7914:2009llcr.book.....S 7865:2016cgat.book..153S 7806:2016cgat.book..135M 7755:2012EPJH...36..509H 7685:. 30 November 2018. 7426:2012Sci...337..141C 7393:on 13 November 2016 7294:2018PhRvD..97c5001F 7217:2008JInst...3S8006L 7160:2008JInst...3S8007T 7087:2021EPJH...46....3B 6979:2008JInst...3S8004C 6893:2018NIMPA.909..480G 6819:2016NIMPA.829...76G 6744:2018Natur.561..363A 6697:2014IJMPS..3060261B 6611:2017JPhG...44d4011B 6500:1991pac..conf.2952H 6486:Hatton, V. (1991). 6449:2012fpl..book...29P 6406:2013IJMPA..2830019H 6337:Hübner, K. (2006). 6316:2004NIMPA.532..137C 6008:Segal, Ben (1995). 5921:2012PhLB..716...30C 5864:2012PhLB..716....1A 5695:2010Natur.468..355R 5598:1999PhLB..465..335F 5489:2006PhR...427..257A 5439:1996PhLB..368..251B 5078:on 18 February 2021 5072:council.web.cern.ch 4874:The Times of Israel 4764:. 25 September 2021 4514:The Big Bang Theory 4488:Angels & Demons 4476:causing earthquakes 4452:conspiracy theories 4280:and modern physics. 4215:European Commission 3987: 3815:Saudi Arabia – 2006 3683:European Commission 3679:UNESCO – since 1954 3559:(post 1993 borders) 2050:(North Area) site. 1837:(LEIR) ion booster. 1835:Low Energy Ion Ring 1725:High Luminosity LHC 1636:Eight experiments ( 1437:Low Energy Ion Ring 1311:Accelerates protons 1248: 1123:deployed in Europe. 1097:Sir Tim Berners-Lee 1017:OPERA Collaboration 879:subatomic particles 622:Official languages 132: / 41: 12540:Giacomo Rizzolatti 12470:Juan Ignacio Cirac 12270:Emilio Rosenblueth 12170:Geneva Association 12020:Max Frisch Archive 11814:(2013 documentary) 11557:Other accelerators 11492:2 m Bubble Chamber 11458:Proton Synchrotron 11119:. 6 September 2022 10849:"Large Hadron Rap" 10780:The New York Times 10725:On Art and Science 10343:. 22 February 2024 10102:10.1007/BF02910863 9463:. ESO. p. 8. 8887:CERN press release 8619:on 3 November 2018 7545:Schaeffer, Anaïs. 7534:. 1 November 2016. 7504:O'Luanaigh, Cian. 7477:O'Luanaigh, Cian. 7358:The New York Times 6388:Hanke, K. (2013). 6369:. 18 February 2022 6276:on 27 October 2013 4916:CERN Annual Report 4877:. 12 December 2013 4857:. 22 January 2014. 4825:CERN Annual Report 4736:. Icon Books Ltd. 4389:Katherine McAlpine 4377: 4369: 4344:In popular culture 4234: 4207:FORCE11 guidelines 3985: 3932:associated to CERN 3928: 3827:Tunisia – May 2014 3806:Philippines – 2018 3757:Iran – 5 July 2001 3665:Japan – since 1995 2138:/person for 2017) 2016:colliders such as 2005: 1997: 1804:LEP Injector Linac 1682:LHC Computing Grid 1619: 1477:Proton Synchrotron 1459:linear accelerator 1441:Proton Synchrotron 1426:linear accelerator 1410: 1404:together with the 1243: 1220:LHC Computing Grid 1040:Simon van der Meer 996:2011: Maintaining 984:Quark Gluon Plasma 818: 643:Eliezer Rabinovici 160:Full members (24): 39: 12839:Science diplomacy 12766: 12765: 12762: 12761: 12738:Daniel J. Drucker 12724:Jeffrey I. Gordon 12662:Ingrid Daubechies 12652:Sandra Myrna Díaz 12586: 12585: 12550:Richard A. Lerner 12512:Raymond Tomlinson 12308:Santiago Grisolía 12216:Laureates of the 12183: 12182: 11851: 11850: 11603:LPI (LIL and EPA) 11078:symmetry magazine 10742:978-3-030-27576-1 10570:978-3-943365-88-7 9972:978-1-61499-649-1 9539:www.sesame.org.jo 9470:978-3-923524-40-2 9443:978-0-674-45835-2 8313:978-92-9092-397-8 8092:Möhl, D. (1999). 7931:978-3-540-89300-4 7882:978-981-4436-39-7 7823:978-981-4436-39-7 7420:(6091): 141–143. 7272:Physical Review D 7049:978-981-327-179-1 6947:978-1-4398-3770-2 6738:(7723): 363–367. 6665:978-981-4547-10-9 6579:978-981-4436-40-3 6552:978-0-521-31875-4 6517:978-0-7803-0135-1 6466:978-3-642-30843-7 6147:"Robert Cailliau" 6110:978-0-313-35127-3 6075:978-3-030-02618-9 6040:978-1-4471-5340-5 5899:Physics Letters B 5842:Physics Letters B 5822:978-1-4481-6116-4 5765:: news.2011.349. 5575:Physics Letters B 5427:Physics Letters B 5407:978-0-19-883191-4 5374:978-981-4644-14-3 5335:978-3-642-05855-4 5229:978-0-19-162751-4 5028:978-0-19-286207-5 5001:978-0-8225-7273-2 4912:"CERN in figures" 4899:. United Nations. 4743:978-1-78578-393-7 4711:Science diplomacy 4559:augmented reality 4269:Indian government 4080:https://home.cern 4069: 4068: 3718:Bangladesh – 2014 3614: 3613: 3400: 3399: 3126:Associate Members 2563:29 September 1954 2524:29 September 1954 2488:29 September 1954 2452:29 September 1954 2416:29 September 1954 2380:29 September 1954 2344:29 September 1954 2308:29 September 1954 2272:29 September 1954 2236:29 September 1954 2200:29 September 1954 2164:29 September 1954 1989: 1988: 1981: 1764:Synchro-Cyclotron 1762:The 600 MeV 1693:teraelectronvolts 1394: 1393: 849:Werner Heisenberg 798:wide area network 692: 691: 638:Council President 141:46.23417; 6.05278 16:(Redirected from 12851: 12592: 12591: 12560:François Englert 12418:Lawrence Roberts 12412:Jean Weissenbach 12336:Manuel Patarroyo 12312:Salvador Moncada 12296:Marcos Moshinsky 12248:Manuel Ballester 12227: 12226: 12210: 12203: 12196: 12187: 12186: 12139:Geneva Water Hub 11878: 11871: 11864: 11855: 11854: 11841: 11840: 11815: 11761:Related articles 11709: 11621: 11592: 11569:AC (part of AAC) 11564:AA (part of AAC) 11260: 11253: 11246: 11237: 11236: 11195: 11194: 11192:Official website 11177: 11176: 11174: 11172: 11161: 11155: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11135: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11109: 11103: 11102: 11095: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11084: 11070: 11064: 11063: 11061: 11059: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11011: 11005: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10989: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10978: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10956: 10945: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10919: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10908: 10891: 10885: 10884: 10882: 10880: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10845: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10834: 10828: 10815: 10806: 10800: 10799: 10797: 10795: 10789: 10776: 10767: 10761: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10716: 10710: 10709: 10661: 10655: 10654: 10652: 10650: 10636: 10630: 10629: 10589: 10583: 10582: 10554: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10543: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10481: 10475: 10474: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10422:fritjofcapra.net 10414: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10394:. 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CERN Council. 9921: 9915: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9859: 9853: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9828: 9822: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9797: 9791: 9790: 9772: 9766: 9765: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9741:www.circleid.com 9733: 9727: 9726: 9716: 9684: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9662: 9656: 9655: 9653: 9651: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9611: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9575: 9561: 9555: 9554: 9552: 9550: 9531: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9506: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9481: 9475: 9474: 9454: 9448: 9447: 9427: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9411:on 13 April 2014 9401: 9395: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9379:greybook.cern.ch 9371: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9327: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9291: 9276: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9254: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9243: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9198: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9148: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9137: 9126: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9095: 9086: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9040: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9014: 9008: 9007: 8996: 8990: 8989: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8960: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8849: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8823: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8794: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8766: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8747:on 14 March 2018 8743:. 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Random House. 5806: 5800: 5799: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5774: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5706: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5609: 5591: 5582:(1–4): 335–348. 5571: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5523: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5482: 5473:(5–6): 257–454. 5457: 5451: 5450: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5197: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5155: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5064: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5012: 5006: 5005: 4993: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4799: 4788: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4727: 4675:Hyper-Kamiokande 4650:Scientific Linux 4619:ATLAS experiment 4493:of the same name 4439:Robert J. Sawyer 4356:engaging in the 4314:Cerith Wyn Evans 4251:particle physics 4247:Microcosm museum 4128:gold open access 4076:top-level domain 4004: 4002: 3997: 3988: 3984: 3604: 3592: 3580: 3568: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3516: 3500: 3488: 3476: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3428: 3421: 3415: 3408: 3391: 3384: 3361: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3333: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3307: 3302: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3276: 3271: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3245: 3240: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3214: 3209: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3183: 3178: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3152: 3147: 3139: 3137: 3136: 3114: 3109: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3083: 3078: 3070: 3068: 3067: 3045: 3040: 3032: 3030: 3029: 3020: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2996: 2994: 2993: 2984: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2948: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2912: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2876: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2852: 2850: 2849: 2840: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2804: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2780: 2778: 2777: 2768: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2744: 2742: 2741: 2732: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2696: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2660: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2624: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2581: 2575: 2570: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2551: 2541: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2505: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2481: 2479: 2478: 2469: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2433: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2409: 2407: 2406: 2397: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2373: 2371: 2370: 2361: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2325: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2289: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2253: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2229: 2227: 2226: 2217: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2181: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2144:Founding Members 2109: 2108: 1984: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1964: 1933: 1925: 1882: 1847: 1800:LEP Pre-Injector 1783: 1711:other upgrades. 1617:detector for LHC 1555:for research of 1512: 1256: 1249: 1242: 1132: 1112: 1088: 1062:Computer science 1052:François Englert 963:PS210 experiment 950:families at the 922:neutral currents 895:Founding members 890: 842: 825: 759:24 member states 743:particle physics 736: 730: 725: 721: 720: 717: 716: 713: 710: 688: 685: 667: 657:Fabiola Gianotti 651:Director-General 610: 608: 607: 597: 595: 594: 584: 582: 581: 571: 569: 568: 558: 556: 555: 545: 543: 542: 532: 530: 529: 519: 517: 516: 506: 504: 503: 493: 491: 490: 471: 469: 468: 458: 456: 455: 445: 443: 442: 432: 430: 429: 419: 417: 416: 406: 404: 403: 393: 391: 390: 380: 378: 377: 367: 365: 364: 354: 352: 351: 341: 339: 338: 328: 326: 325: 315: 313: 312: 302: 300: 299: 289: 287: 286: 276: 274: 273: 263: 261: 260: 250: 248: 247: 237: 235: 234: 224: 222: 221: 211: 209: 208: 198: 196: 195: 185: 183: 182: 172: 170: 169: 147: 146: 144: 143: 142: 137: 133: 130: 129: 128: 125: 106: 104: 99: 85: 69: 60: 50: 42: 38: 21: 12859: 12858: 12854: 12853: 12852: 12850: 12849: 12848: 12769: 12768: 12767: 12758: 12754:Svetlana Mojsov 12750:Jens Juul Holst 12746:Joel F. Habener 12706:Geoffrey Hinton 12670:Emmanuel Candès 12631:Barry C. Barish 12611:Jennifer Doudna 12597: 12582: 12578:Galen D. Stucky 12464:Antonio Damasio 12458:Robert Weinberg 12454:Bert Vogelstein 12430:Tim Berners-Lee 12404:Francis Collins 12353:Valentín Fuster 12232: 12221: 12214: 12184: 12179: 12153:private centers 12148: 12102: 12069: 12043: 11978: 11887: 11882: 11852: 11847: 11829: 11813: 11800:Streets in CERN 11756: 11735:Future projects 11730: 11714: 11705: 11626: 11619: 11588: 11552: 11506: 11452: 11368: 11329: 11270: 11264: 11227: 11190: 11189: 11186: 11181: 11180: 11170: 11168: 11163: 11162: 11158: 11148: 11146: 11145:. 14 March 2022 11137: 11136: 11132: 11122: 11120: 11111: 11110: 11106: 11097: 11096: 11092: 11082: 11080: 11072: 11071: 11067: 11057: 11055: 11047: 11046: 11042: 11032: 11030: 11012: 11008: 10998: 10996: 10990: 10986: 10976: 10974: 10969: 10968: 10964: 10954: 10952: 10947: 10946: 10942: 10932: 10930: 10920: 10916: 10906: 10904: 10892: 10888: 10878: 10876: 10868: 10867: 10863: 10853: 10851: 10847: 10846: 10842: 10832: 10830: 10826: 10813: 10807: 10803: 10793: 10791: 10787: 10774: 10768: 10764: 10755: 10753: 10743: 10717: 10713: 10662: 10658: 10648: 10646: 10638: 10637: 10633: 10590: 10586: 10571: 10555: 10551: 10541: 10539: 10531: 10530: 10526: 10516: 10514: 10513:. 4 August 2011 10505: 10504: 10500: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10465: 10461: 10451: 10449: 10441: 10440: 10436: 10426: 10424: 10416: 10415: 10411: 10401: 10399: 10386: 10385: 10381: 10371: 10369: 10361: 10360: 10356: 10346: 10344: 10335: 10334: 10330: 10320: 10318: 10310: 10309: 10305: 10252: 10248: 10194: 10190: 10129: 10125: 10082: 10078: 10025: 10021: 9984: 9980: 9973: 9957: 9953: 9946: 9922: 9918: 9909: 9907: 9891: 9887: 9878: 9876: 9860: 9856: 9847: 9845: 9829: 9825: 9816: 9814: 9798: 9794: 9773: 9769: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9745: 9743: 9735: 9734: 9730: 9685: 9681: 9671: 9669: 9664: 9663: 9659: 9649: 9647: 9638: 9637: 9633: 9623: 9621: 9613: 9612: 9608: 9598: 9596: 9588: 9587: 9583: 9573: 9571: 9563: 9562: 9558: 9548: 9546: 9533: 9532: 9528: 9518: 9516: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9471: 9455: 9451: 9444: 9428: 9424: 9414: 9412: 9403: 9402: 9398: 9388: 9386: 9373: 9372: 9368: 9358: 9356: 9352: 9351: 9347: 9328: 9324: 9314: 9312: 9304: 9303: 9299: 9289: 9287: 9278: 9277: 9273: 9263: 9261: 9256: 9255: 9251: 9241: 9239: 9226: 9225: 9221: 9211: 9209: 9200: 9199: 9195: 9185: 9183: 9175: 9174: 9170: 9160: 9158: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9135: 9133: 9130:"Member states" 9128: 9127: 9118: 9108: 9106: 9097: 9096: 9089: 9079: 9077: 9068: 9067: 9063: 9053: 9051: 9042: 9041: 9037: 9027: 9025: 9024:. 14 April 2021 9016: 9015: 9011: 8998: 8997: 8993: 8984: 8983: 8979: 8969: 8967: 8962: 8961: 8957: 8947: 8945: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8919:on 26 June 2018 8907: 8906: 8902: 8892: 8890: 8881: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8851: 8850: 8846: 8836: 8834: 8833:. 22 March 2024 8825: 8824: 8817: 8807: 8805: 8804:. 2 August 2021 8796: 8795: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8768: 8767: 8760: 8750: 8748: 8733: 8726: 8713: 8712: 8705: 8692: 8691: 8684: 8674: 8672: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8648: 8646: 8637: 8636: 8632: 8622: 8620: 8607: 8606: 8599: 8586: 8585: 8578: 8568: 8566: 8557: 8556: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8514: 8512: 8503: 8502: 8498: 8488: 8486: 8478: 8477: 8473: 8463: 8461: 8452: 8451: 8447: 8437: 8435: 8422: 8421: 8417: 8407: 8405: 8394:"Member States" 8392: 8391: 8384: 8374: 8372: 8365:"Member States" 8363: 8362: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8320: 8314: 8303: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8267: 8266: 8259: 8250: 8246: 8236: 8234: 8225: 8224: 8217: 8207: 8205: 8199: 8195: 8172: 8168: 8145: 8141: 8118:Physics Reports 8110: 8103: 8090: 8086: 8063: 8056: 8043: 8039: 7998: 7994: 7943: 7939: 7932: 7900: 7896: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7849: 7845: 7836: 7834: 7824: 7790: 7786: 7735: 7731: 7718: 7717: 7713: 7702:Physics Reports 7694: 7690: 7677: 7676: 7672: 7659: 7655: 7632: 7628: 7605: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7574: 7570: 7560: 7558: 7543: 7539: 7530: 7529: 7525: 7515: 7513: 7502: 7498: 7488: 7486: 7475: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7454: 7453: 7449: 7410: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7385: 7384: 7380: 7370: 7368: 7350: 7346: 7329: 7325: 7264: 7260: 7197: 7193: 7140: 7136: 7126: 7124: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7061: 7057: 7050: 7026: 7022: 6959: 6955: 6948: 6932: 6928: 6873: 6869: 6846: 6842: 6789: 6785: 6724: 6720: 6677: 6673: 6666: 6650: 6646: 6591: 6587: 6580: 6564: 6560: 6553: 6545:. CUP Archive. 6537: 6533: 6518: 6484: 6480: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6433: 6429: 6400:(13): 1330019. 6386: 6382: 6372: 6370: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6335: 6331: 6296: 6289: 6279: 6277: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6253: 6251: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6209: 6205: 6197: 6191: 6187: 6177: 6175: 6170: 6169: 6165: 6155: 6153: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6130: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6095: 6091: 6076: 6052: 6048: 6041: 6025: 6021: 6006: 6002: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5948: 5944: 5891: 5887: 5834: 5830: 5823: 5807: 5803: 5792: 5788: 5755: 5751: 5740: 5736: 5704:10.1038/468355a 5675: 5671: 5661: 5659: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5638: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5549: 5547: 5537: 5533: 5517: 5516: 5509: 5507: 5467:Physics Reports 5458: 5454: 5419: 5415: 5408: 5392: 5388: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5347: 5343: 5336: 5312: 5305: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5250:. 20 March 2015 5242: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5214: 5210: 5202: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5172: 5168: 5160: 5153: 5147: 5143: 5130: 5126: 5111: 5100:History of CERN 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5066: 5065: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4908: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4855:cerncourier.com 4849: 4848: 4844: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4744: 4728: 4724: 4719: 4641: 4346: 4302:James Lee Byars 4287: 4223: 4221:Public exhibits 4203:FAIR principles 4088: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3983: 3917: 3909: 3836: 3824:Thailand – 2018 3779:Mongolia – 2014 3659: 3619: 3608: 3605: 3596: 3593: 3584: 3581: 3572: 3569: 3560: 3553: 3544: 3541: 3532: 3529: 3520: 3517: 3508: 3501: 3492: 3489: 3480: 3477: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3422: 3418: 3409: 3405: 3348: 3346: 3320: 3318: 3301:10 October 2019 3289: 3287: 3258: 3256: 3239:16 January 2017 3227: 3225: 3196: 3194: 3165: 3163: 3134: 3132: 3096: 3094: 3065: 3063: 3027: 3025: 2991: 2989: 2955: 2953: 2919: 2917: 2883: 2881: 2847: 2845: 2811: 2809: 2775: 2773: 2739: 2737: 2703: 2701: 2667: 2665: 2631: 2629: 2595: 2593: 2587:Acceded Members 2549: 2547: 2512: 2510: 2476: 2474: 2440: 2438: 2404: 2402: 2368: 2366: 2332: 2330: 2296: 2294: 2260: 2258: 2224: 2222: 2188: 2186: 2152: 2150: 2133: 2128: 2119: 2100: 2095: 2083:Albert Einstein 2079:Richard Feynman 1985: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1950: 1934: 1923: 1907: 1901: 1880: 1845: 1781: 1741: 1721: 1625:and the nearby 1601: 1595: 1542:unstable nuclei 1510: 1241: 1239:Current complex 1236: 1190:Robert Cailliau 1188:. A colleague, 1178:Tim Berners-Lee 1151: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1145:Robert Cailliau 1141:Tim Berners-Lee 1133: 1125: 1124: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1089: 1078: 1064: 1044:Georges Charpak 1034:was awarded to 977:NA48 experiment 941:UA2 experiments 928:bubble chamber; 914: 897: 810: 757:. It comprises 723: 707: 703: 682: 668: 665: 653: 639: 623: 616: 605: 603: 592: 590: 579: 577: 566: 564: 553: 551: 540: 538: 527: 525: 514: 512: 501: 499: 488: 486: 483: 482: 477: 466: 464: 453: 451: 440: 438: 427: 425: 414: 412: 401: 399: 388: 386: 375: 373: 362: 360: 349: 347: 336: 334: 323: 321: 310: 308: 297: 295: 284: 282: 271: 269: 258: 256: 245: 243: 232: 230: 219: 217: 206: 204: 193: 191: 180: 178: 167: 165: 162: 161: 154: 140: 138: 134: 131: 126: 123: 121: 119: 118: 117: 102: 100: 97: 88: 76: 51: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12857: 12847: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12764: 12763: 12760: 12759: 12757: 12756: 12734: 12732:Bonnie Bassler 12720: 12718:Demis Hassabis 12702: 12684:Philip Felgner 12676:Katalin Karikó 12672: 12654: 12644: 12638: 12619: 12613: 12602: 12599: 12598: 12588: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12581: 12580: 12566: 12552: 12546:Gregory Winter 12542: 12528: 12514: 12504: 12490:Shuji Nakamura 12482: 12476:Peter Lawrence 12472: 12466: 12460: 12438: 12432: 12422:Robert E. Kahn 12414: 12408:Hamilton Smith 12392: 12390:Luc Montagnier 12382: 12376:Ricardo Miledi 12372: 12362: 12355: 12349: 12338: 12332: 12326: 12320: 12314: 12304: 12298: 12292:Manuel Cardona 12288: 12282:Jacinto Convit 12278: 12272: 12262: 12256: 12250: 12244: 12237: 12234: 12233: 12223: 12222: 12213: 12212: 12205: 12198: 12190: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12156: 12154: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12110: 12108: 12104: 12103: 12101: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12079: 12077: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12051: 12049: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11989: 11987: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11895: 11893: 11889: 11888: 11881: 11880: 11873: 11866: 11858: 11849: 11848: 11846: 11845: 11834: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11811:Particle Fever 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11775: 11770: 11764: 11762: 11758: 11757: 11755: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11738: 11736: 11732: 11731: 11729: 11728: 11722: 11720: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11712: 11711: 11710: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11637: 11635: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11624: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11560: 11558: 11554: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11514: 11512: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11463: 11461: 11454: 11453: 11451: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11379: 11377: 11370: 11369: 11367: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11340: 11338: 11331: 11330: 11328: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11281: 11279: 11272: 11271: 11263: 11262: 11255: 11248: 11240: 11234: 11233: 11226: 11223: 11222: 11221: 11213: 11205: 11196: 11185: 11184:External links 11182: 11179: 11178: 11156: 11130: 11104: 11101:. 19 May 2015. 11090: 11065: 11040: 11006: 10984: 10962: 10940: 10914: 10886: 10861: 10840: 10801: 10762: 10741: 10711: 10676:(4): 345–358. 10656: 10631: 10598:Film Quarterly 10584: 10569: 10549: 10524: 10498: 10476: 10459: 10434: 10409: 10398:on 6 June 2018 10379: 10354: 10328: 10312:"Open Science" 10303: 10246: 10188: 10143:(10): 102006. 10123: 10076: 10019: 9978: 9971: 9951: 9944: 9916: 9885: 9854: 9823: 9792: 9767: 9753: 9728: 9699:(10): 102012. 9679: 9657: 9631: 9606: 9581: 9556: 9526: 9501: 9476: 9469: 9449: 9442: 9422: 9396: 9366: 9345: 9322: 9297: 9271: 9249: 9238:on 1 July 2012 9219: 9193: 9168: 9143: 9116: 9087: 9061: 9035: 9009: 8991: 8977: 8966:. 31 July 2015 8955: 8930: 8900: 8874: 8844: 8815: 8786: 8758: 8724: 8703: 8682: 8656: 8630: 8597: 8576: 8547: 8522: 8496: 8471: 8445: 8434:on 1 July 2012 8415: 8404:on 4 July 2018 8398:CERN timelines 8382: 8356: 8345:on 1 July 2012 8326: 8312: 8300:ESA Convention 8290: 8257: 8244: 8215: 8193: 8182:. CERN-83-10. 8166: 8139: 8101: 8084: 8054: 8037: 7992: 7957:(4): 551–562. 7937: 7930: 7894: 7881: 7843: 7822: 7784: 7749:(4): 509–522. 7729: 7711: 7688: 7670: 7653: 7626: 7599: 7568: 7537: 7523: 7496: 7469: 7447: 7404: 7378: 7344: 7323: 7258: 7191: 7134: 7108: 7055: 7048: 7020: 6953: 6946: 6926: 6867: 6840: 6783: 6718: 6671: 6664: 6644: 6585: 6578: 6558: 6551: 6531: 6516: 6478: 6465: 6427: 6380: 6354: 6329: 6287: 6261: 6236: 6218: 6203: 6185: 6163: 6151:awards.acm.org 6138: 6116: 6109: 6089: 6074: 6046: 6039: 6019: 6000: 5981: 5959: 5942: 5885: 5828: 5821: 5801: 5786: 5749: 5734: 5669: 5644: 5589:hep-ex/9909022 5557: 5531: 5480:hep-ex/0509008 5452: 5433:(3): 251–258. 5413: 5406: 5386: 5373: 5341: 5334: 5303: 5287: 5261: 5235: 5228: 5222:. OUP Oxford. 5208: 5183: 5166: 5141: 5124: 5109: 5089: 5056: 5034: 5027: 5007: 5000: 4978: 4953: 4933: 4902: 4888: 4860: 4842: 4811: 4775: 4762:Jerusalem Post 4749: 4742: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4697: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4671:, South Dakota 4666: 4657:International: 4654: 4653: 4647: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4622: 4609: 4600: 4593: 4574: 4548: 4544:Super Collider 4535: 4526: 4509: 4506:Pinewood Derby 4496: 4491:and 2009 film 4479: 4456:occult rituals 4448: 4435: 4418: 4408: 4400:Particle Fever 4396: 4385: 4352:The statue of 4345: 4342: 4286: 4283: 4222: 4219: 4087: 4084: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4006: 4005: 3992: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3943: 3916: 3913: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3834: 3833:Vietnam – 2008 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3770:Lebanon – 2015 3768: 3765: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3745:Ecuador – 1999 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3724:Bolivia – 2007 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3703:Algeria – 2008 3701: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3563: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3511: 3509: 3502: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3457: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3429: 3416: 3402: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3394: 3386: 3379: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3357: 3343: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3329: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3272: 3270:8 January 2018 3267: 3253: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3210: 3208:5 October 2016 3205: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3129: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3060: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3041: 3039:30 August 2024 3036: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2938: 2933: 2931:6 January 2014 2928: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2818:Czech Republic 2806: 2805: 2800: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2717: 2715:1 January 1991 2712: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2686: 2681: 2679:1 January 1986 2676: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2650: 2645: 2643:1 January 1983 2640: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2590: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2566: 2559: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2519:United Kingdom 2507: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2399: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2147: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2130: 2125: 2116: 2113: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2075:Wolfgang Pauli 1987: 1986: 1937: 1935: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1903:Main article: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1884: 1853: 1838: 1815: 1796: 1785: 1774: 1767: 1760: 1749: 1740: 1737: 1720: 1717: 1627:Jura mountains 1597:Main article: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1582: 1571: 1564: 1553:speed of light 1545: 1534: 1484: 1470: 1463: 1452: 1433: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1286: 1280: 1279: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1212:grid computing 1174:World Wide Web 1137:World Wide Web 1134: 1127: 1126: 1114: 1107: 1106: 1090: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1063: 1060: 1013: 1012: 1001: 994: 987: 980: 969: 966: 955: 944: 933:W and Z bosons 929: 913: 910: 896: 893: 860:Edoardo Amaldi 809: 806: 802:World Wide Web 728:[sɛʁn] 690: 689: 680: 676: 675: 669: 663: 660: 659: 654: 649: 646: 645: 640: 637: 634: 633: 624: 621: 618: 617: 615: 614: 601: 588: 575: 562: 549: 536: 523: 510: 497: 480: 479: 478: 476: 475: 473:United Kingdom 462: 449: 436: 423: 410: 397: 384: 371: 358: 345: 332: 319: 306: 293: 280: 267: 254: 241: 228: 215: 213:Czech Republic 202: 189: 176: 159: 158: 157: 155: 152: 149: 148: 112: 108: 107: 94: 90: 89: 86: 78: 77: 70: 62: 61: 53: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12856: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12776: 12774: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12735: 12733: 12729: 12725: 12721: 12719: 12715: 12714:Yoshua Bengio 12711: 12707: 12703: 12701: 12700:Sarah Gilbert 12697: 12696:Derrick Rossi 12693: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12680:Drew Weissman 12677: 12673: 12671: 12667: 12663: 12659: 12655: 12653: 12649: 12645: 12643: 12639: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12627:Kip S. Thorne 12624: 12620: 12618: 12614: 12612: 12608: 12604: 12603: 12600: 12593: 12589: 12579: 12575: 12574:Mark E. Davis 12571: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12557: 12553: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12532:Joseph Altman 12529: 12527: 12526:Linda Watkins 12523: 12519: 12515: 12513: 12509: 12508:Martin Cooper 12505: 12503: 12499: 12495: 12494:Robert Langer 12491: 12487: 12483: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12471: 12467: 12465: 12461: 12459: 12455: 12451: 12450:Joan Massagué 12447: 12443: 12442:Judah Folkman 12439: 12437: 12433: 12431: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12415: 12413: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12397: 12393: 12391: 12387: 12383: 12381: 12377: 12373: 12371: 12367: 12363: 12361:research team 12360: 12356: 12354: 12350: 12348:of Costa Rica 12347: 12343: 12339: 12337: 12333: 12331: 12327: 12325: 12321: 12319: 12315: 12313: 12309: 12305: 12303: 12299: 12297: 12293: 12289: 12287: 12286:Pablo Rudomín 12283: 12279: 12277: 12273: 12271: 12267: 12263: 12261: 12257: 12255: 12251: 12249: 12245: 12243: 12239: 12238: 12235: 12228: 12224: 12219: 12211: 12206: 12204: 12199: 12197: 12192: 12191: 12188: 12176: 12173: 12171: 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11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11332: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11273: 11268: 11261: 11256: 11254: 11249: 11247: 11242: 11241: 11238: 11232: 11229: 11228: 11219: 11218: 11214: 11212: 11210: 11206: 11204: 11203:The Economist 11200: 11197: 11193: 11188: 11187: 11166: 11160: 11144: 11140: 11134: 11118: 11114: 11108: 11100: 11094: 11079: 11075: 11069: 11054: 11050: 11044: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11017: 11010: 10995: 10988: 10972: 10966: 10950: 10944: 10929: 10928:HowStuffWorks 10925: 10918: 10903: 10902: 10897: 10890: 10875: 10871: 10865: 10850: 10844: 10825: 10821: 10820: 10812: 10805: 10786: 10782: 10781: 10773: 10766: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10738: 10734: 10730: 10726: 10722: 10715: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10660: 10645: 10641: 10635: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10588: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10566: 10562: 10561: 10553: 10538: 10537:www.artsy.net 10534: 10528: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10480: 10472: 10471: 10463: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10423: 10419: 10413: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10383: 10368: 10364: 10358: 10342: 10338: 10332: 10317: 10313: 10307: 10299: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10250: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10192: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10168: 10164: 10160: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10127: 10119: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10091: 10087: 10080: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10039:(3): 032030. 10038: 10034: 10030: 10023: 10015: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9982: 9974: 9968: 9964: 9963: 9955: 9947: 9945:9789290835752 9941: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9928: 9920: 9906: 9902: 9898: 9897: 9889: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9866: 9858: 9844: 9840: 9836: 9835: 9827: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9804: 9796: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9779: 9771: 9763: 9757: 9742: 9738: 9732: 9724: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9690: 9683: 9667: 9661: 9645: 9641: 9635: 9620: 9616: 9615:"About .cern" 9610: 9595: 9594:icannwiki.org 9591: 9585: 9570: 9566: 9560: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9530: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9472: 9466: 9462: 9461: 9453: 9445: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9426: 9410: 9406: 9400: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9370: 9355: 9349: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9326: 9311: 9307: 9301: 9285: 9281: 9275: 9259: 9253: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9207: 9203: 9197: 9182: 9178: 9172: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9131: 9125: 9123: 9121: 9104: 9100: 9094: 9092: 9075: 9071: 9065: 9049: 9045: 9039: 9023: 9019: 9013: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8987: 8981: 8965: 8959: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8904: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8820: 8803: 8799: 8793: 8791: 8775: 8771: 8765: 8763: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8731: 8729: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8708: 8699: 8695: 8689: 8687: 8670: 8666: 8660: 8644: 8640: 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CRC Press. 6939: 6938: 6930: 6922: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6871: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6844: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6787: 6779: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6722: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6675: 6667: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6648: 6640: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6605:(4): 044011. 6604: 6600: 6596: 6589: 6581: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6562: 6554: 6548: 6544: 6543: 6535: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6482: 6468: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6431: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6384: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6333: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6292: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6250: 6246: 6240: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6214: 6207: 6196: 6189: 6173: 6167: 6152: 6148: 6142: 6126: 6120: 6112: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6093: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6050: 6042: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6023: 6015: 6011: 6004: 5996: 5995:New Scientist 5992: 5985: 5969: 5963: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5889: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5832: 5824: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5805: 5797: 5790: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5745: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5689:(7322): 355. 5688: 5684: 5680: 5673: 5658: 5654: 5648: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5624:11577/2490003 5621: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5607:10.1.1.34.322 5603: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5568: 5561: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5527: 5521: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5456: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5417: 5409: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5390: 5376: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5345: 5337: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5310: 5308: 5299: 5298: 5291: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5231: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5212: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5179: 5178: 5170: 5159: 5152: 5145: 5137: 5136: 5128: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5110:0-444-87037-7 5106: 5102: 5101: 5093: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5061: 5044: 5038: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5011: 5003: 4997: 4992: 4991: 4982: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4910:CERN (2020). 4906: 4898: 4892: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4864: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4819:CERN (2020). 4815: 4796: 4792: 4785: 4779: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4745: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4507: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4494: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 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1098: 1094: 1093:NeXT Computer 1087: 1077: 1076:Protocol Wars 1073: 1069: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1010: 1006: 1002: 999: 995: 992: 988: 985: 981: 978: 974: 970: 967: 964: 961:atoms in the 960: 956: 953: 949: 945: 942: 938: 934: 930: 927: 923: 919: 918: 917: 909: 907: 903: 892: 889: 884: 880: 876: 872: 871:atomic nuclei 867: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 846: 841: 835: 833: 829: 824: 814: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 770: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 729: 719: 701: 697: 687: 681: 677: 674: 670: 661: 658: 655: 652: 647: 644: 641: 635: 632: 628: 625: 619: 613: 602: 600: 589: 587: 576: 574: 563: 561: 550: 548: 537: 535: 524: 522: 511: 509: 498: 496: 485: 484: 474: 463: 461: 450: 448: 437: 435: 424: 422: 411: 409: 398: 396: 385: 383: 372: 370: 359: 357: 346: 344: 333: 331: 320: 318: 307: 305: 294: 292: 281: 279: 268: 266: 255: 253: 242: 240: 229: 227: 216: 214: 203: 201: 190: 188: 177: 175: 164: 163: 156: 150: 145: 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Retrieved 11165:"Parallèles" 11159: 11147:. Retrieved 11142: 11133: 11121:. Retrieved 11117:CERN Courier 11116: 11107: 11093: 11081:. Retrieved 11077: 11068: 11056:. Retrieved 11052: 11043: 11033:28 September 11031:. Retrieved 11019: 11009: 10997:. Retrieved 10987: 10975:. Retrieved 10965: 10953:. Retrieved 10943: 10931:. Retrieved 10917: 10905:. Retrieved 10901:The Guardian 10899: 10889: 10879:28 September 10877:. Retrieved 10873: 10864: 10852:. Retrieved 10843: 10833:21 September 10831:. Retrieved 10817: 10804: 10794:21 September 10792:. Retrieved 10778: 10765: 10754:, retrieved 10724: 10714: 10673: 10669: 10659: 10647:. Retrieved 10643: 10634: 10604:(4): 93–98. 10601: 10597: 10587: 10559: 10552: 10540:. Retrieved 10536: 10527: 10515:. Retrieved 10510: 10501: 10492: 10489:CERN Courier 10488: 10479: 10469: 10462: 10450:. Retrieved 10446: 10437: 10425:. Retrieved 10421: 10412: 10400:. Retrieved 10396:the original 10392:CERN Courier 10391: 10382: 10370:. Retrieved 10366: 10357: 10345:. Retrieved 10340: 10331: 10319:. Retrieved 10315: 10306: 10263: 10259: 10249: 10206: 10202: 10191: 10140: 10136: 10126: 10096:(1): 77–83. 10093: 10089: 10079: 10036: 10032: 10022: 9995: 9992:Publications 9991: 9981: 9961: 9954: 9926: 9919: 9908:, retrieved 9895: 9888: 9877:, retrieved 9864: 9857: 9846:, retrieved 9833: 9826: 9815:, retrieved 9802: 9795: 9777: 9770: 9756: 9744:. Retrieved 9740: 9731: 9696: 9692: 9682: 9672:19 September 9670:. Retrieved 9660: 9650:19 September 9648:. Retrieved 9643: 9634: 9622:. Retrieved 9618: 9609: 9597:. Retrieved 9593: 9584: 9572:. Retrieved 9568: 9559: 9547:. Retrieved 9538: 9529: 9517:. Retrieved 9513: 9504: 9492:. Retrieved 9488: 9479: 9459: 9452: 9432: 9425: 9413:. Retrieved 9409:the original 9399: 9387:. Retrieved 9378: 9369: 9357:. Retrieved 9348: 9339: 9335: 9325: 9313:. Retrieved 9309: 9300: 9288:. Retrieved 9283: 9274: 9262:. Retrieved 9252: 9240:. Retrieved 9236:the original 9231: 9222: 9210:. Retrieved 9205: 9196: 9184:. 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Retrieved 8277:the original 8273:CERN website 8272: 8247: 8235:. Retrieved 8230: 8206:. Retrieved 8196: 8180:CERN Reports 8179: 8169: 8153:CERN Reports 8152: 8142: 8117: 8094: 8087: 8070: 8047: 8040: 8006: 7995: 7954: 7950: 7940: 7904: 7897: 7886:, retrieved 7856: 7846: 7835:, retrieved 7797: 7787: 7746: 7742: 7732: 7723: 7714: 7705: 7701: 7691: 7683:CERN Courier 7682: 7673: 7663: 7656: 7642:. 2020–006. 7639: 7629: 7612: 7602: 7590:. Retrieved 7582:CERN Courier 7581: 7571: 7559:. Retrieved 7550: 7540: 7526: 7514:. Retrieved 7509: 7499: 7487:. Retrieved 7482: 7472: 7460:. Retrieved 7450: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7395:. Retrieved 7391:the original 7381: 7371:27 September 7369:. Retrieved 7357: 7347: 7326: 7275: 7271: 7261: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7151: 7147: 7137: 7127:27 September 7125:. Retrieved 7123:. 5 May 2010 7121:CERN Courier 7120: 7111: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7030: 7023: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6936: 6929: 6884: 6880: 6870: 6853: 6843: 6800: 6796: 6786: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6688: 6684: 6674: 6654: 6647: 6630:10261/161319 6602: 6598: 6588: 6568: 6561: 6541: 6534: 6491: 6481: 6470:, retrieved 6440: 6430: 6397: 6393: 6383: 6371:. Retrieved 6367:CERN Courier 6366: 6357: 6339: 6332: 6307: 6303: 6278:. Retrieved 6274:the original 6264: 6252:. Retrieved 6248: 6239: 6230: 6221: 6206: 6188: 6176:. Retrieved 6166: 6154:. Retrieved 6150: 6141: 6129:. Retrieved 6119: 6099: 6092: 6056: 6049: 6029: 6022: 6013: 6003: 5994: 5984: 5972:. Retrieved 5962: 5949:Adrian Cho, 5945: 5905:(1): 30–61. 5902: 5898: 5888: 5845: 5841: 5831: 5811: 5804: 5789: 5762: 5752: 5737: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5660:. Retrieved 5656: 5647: 5579: 5573: 5560: 5548:. Retrieved 5545:CERN Courier 5544: 5534: 5520:cite journal 5508:. Retrieved 5470: 5466: 5455: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5396: 5389: 5378:, retrieved 5355: 5344: 5316: 5296: 5290: 5278:. Retrieved 5274:CERN Courier 5273: 5264: 5252:. Retrieved 5247: 5238: 5218: 5211: 5186: 5176: 5169: 5144: 5134: 5127: 5099: 5092: 5080:. Retrieved 5076:the original 5071: 5047:. Retrieved 5037: 5017: 5010: 4989: 4981: 4969:. Retrieved 4965: 4956: 4946: 4936: 4922:. CERN: 53. 4919: 4915: 4905: 4891: 4879:. Retrieved 4872: 4863: 4854: 4845: 4831:. CERN: 50. 4828: 4824: 4821:"Governance" 4814: 4802:. Retrieved 4790: 4778: 4766:. Retrieved 4761: 4752: 4732: 4725: 4699: 4698: 4695:, California 4656: 4655: 4645:CERN Openlab 4624: 4612: 4603: 4568: 4562: 4547:album cover. 4543: 4529: 4512: 4499: 4486: 4450:A number of 4444:Flashforward 4442: 4429: 4422:visual novel 4398: 4334:Pro Helvetia 4330: 4326: 4310:Gianni Motti 4299: 4295: 4291:Arts at CERN 4288: 4285:Arts at CERN 4278: 4258: 4255: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4196: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4124: 4089: 4086:Open science 4071: 4070: 4040:Intended use 3948:(since 1975 3929: 3910: 3837: 3809:Qatar – 2016 3694: 3685:– since 1985 3674: 3660: 3620: 3450: 3441: 3432: 3424: 3419: 3406: 3388: 3381: 3374: 3177:31 July 2015 3125: 3077:1 April 2016 3056: 2967:17 July 2016 2895:11 June 1999 2586: 2561: 2546: 2143: 2127:Contribution 2118:Contribution 2105: 2101: 2069:Most of the 2068: 2037: 2022: 2014: 2006: 1975: 1966: 1951:Please help 1939: 1908: 1827:antihydrogen 1729: 1722: 1713: 1709: 1697: 1690: 1686: 1675: 1635: 1620: 1602: 1411: 1357:Decelerates 1344:Accelerates 1288:Accelerates 1271:Accelerates 1244: 1209: 1194: 1171: 1152: 1036:Carlo Rubbia 1029: 1014: 998:antihydrogen 991:antihydrogen 973:CP violation 959:antihydrogen 915: 898: 882: 868: 853: 845:Lew Kowarski 836: 819: 779: 771: 699: 695: 693: 457: 153:Membership 111:Headquarters 36: 12666:Terence Tao 12556:Peter Higgs 12502:Tobin Marks 12446:Tony Hunter 12426:Vinton Cerf 12302:Guido Münch 12012:ETH Library 11482:PS215/CLOUD 11113:"Parallels" 11083:26 November 11058:26 November 10999:22 November 10933:19 February 10907:19 February 10854:20 November 9359:21 December 9054:15 December 9044:"Observers" 8867:21 February 8675:21 November 8489:10 December 8464:25 November 8408:25 November 8375:25 November 7462:12 November 7397:12 November 7236:10550/42770 6937:LHC Physics 6912:10852/63044 6887:: 480–483. 6691:: 1460261. 6472:28 February 6280:20 November 6178:20 November 6156:28 February 6131:20 November 5974:12 November 5955:Science NOW 5848:(1): 1–29. 5380:23 February 5280:1 September 5248:www.aip.org 5049:20 November 4881:10 November 4804:9 September 4597:Ryoji Ikeda 4431:Steins;Gate 4405:Higgs Boson 4318:John Berger 4306:Mariko Mori 4096:Open access 3617:Enlargement 3108:4 July 2017 2859:1 July 1993 2823:1 July 1993 2787:1 July 1992 2751:1 July 1991 2607:1 June 1959 2483:Switzerland 2375:Netherlands 1875:(LEAR) and 1705:Higgs boson 1701:Higgs boson 1445:accelerator 1443:(PS). This 1359:antiprotons 1218:(EGEE) and 1056:Peter Higgs 1009:Higgs boson 864:Felix Bloch 698:, known as 460:Switzerland 343:Netherlands 139: / 12773:Categories 12710:Yann LeCun 12688:Uğur Şahin 12658:Yves Meyer 12633:, and the 12008:ETH Zurich 11985:ETH Domain 11487:Gargamelle 11418:NA61/SHINE 10819:Wired News 10495:(9). 1972. 10427:30 January 10402:30 January 10321:8 February 10150:1704.05473 9910:8 February 9879:8 February 9848:8 February 9817:8 February 9574:2 November 9549:2 November 9519:2 November 9494:2 November 9415:2 November 9389:2 November 9028:5 November 8808:5 November 8665:"Pakistan" 8484:press.cern 8208:17 January 7285:1708.09389 7078:2101.05331 6810:1512.05498 5397:Antimatter 5254:8 February 5082:8 February 4768:1 November 4717:References 4665:, Illinois 4605:Doctor Who 4552:back story 4501:South Park 4468:dimensions 4411:John Titor 4051:Actual use 4001:2014-08-13 3991:Introduced 3903:Uzbekistan 3882:Mozambique 3870:Madagascar 3505:Yugoslavia 3412:population 3146:6 May 2015 2556:Yugoslavia 2124:for 2019) 1823:antimatter 1557:antimatter 1527:heavy ions 1504:antiproton 1275:and heavy 1121:IP routers 1101:Web server 1066:See also: 926:Gargamelle 906:Yugoslavia 832:Niels Bohr 124:46°14′03″N 103:1954-09-29 12617:Hugh Herr 12359:Atapuerca 12055:Agroscope 11949:Mediplant 11171:28 August 11149:28 August 11123:28 August 11053:home.cern 11028:1059-1028 10751:210535074 10706:148690179 10698:0308-0188 10618:0015-1386 10579:876051101 10511:TODAY.com 10298:187062028 10290:2100-014X 10266:: 06034. 10241:229268573 10233:2100-014X 10209:: 06011. 10175:1742-6588 10118:144064139 10110:1053-8801 10071:114252783 10063:1742-6588 10014:2304-6775 9998:(2): 15. 9723:1742-6588 9315:28 August 9284:The Times 9186:28 August 9161:28 August 9136:3 October 8779:5 January 8751:8 January 8649:28 August 8540:30 August 8032:122800040 7987:119553748 7979:2102-6459 7779:120690134 7771:2102-6459 7366:0362-4331 7338:1101.1257 7318:119101090 7310:2470-0010 7253:250679205 7245:1748-0221 7186:250680293 7178:1748-0221 7103:231603240 7015:250668481 7007:1748-0221 6921:106403923 6803:: 76–82. 6760:0028-0836 6713:2010-1945 6639:0954-3899 6422:0217-751X 6254:25 August 6231:home.cern 6125:"CERN.ch" 5937:0370-2693 5912:1207.7235 5880:119169617 5855:1207.7214 5781:0028-0836 5713:0028-0836 5602:CiteSeerX 5505:119482321 5043:"CERN.ch" 4626:Parallels 4614:Mr. Robot 4595:In 2015, 4590:Howie Day 4483:Dan Brown 4466:or other 4380:The band 4100:open data 3891:Singapore 3876:Mauritius 3867:Luxemburg 3858:Indonesia 3855:Hong Kong 3557:reunified 3414:in 2017. 3265:Lithuania 2120:(million 2054:used the 2048:Prévessin 2025:Prévessin 2018:cryogenic 1940:does not 1529:into the 1519:positrons 1515:electrons 1182:hypertext 1030:The 1984 777:of data. 775:petabytes 753:, on the 737:), is an 560:Lithuania 127:6°03′10″E 93:Formation 11983:part of 11843:Category 11768:LHC@home 11681:Miniball 11676:LUCRECIA 11671:ISOLTRAP 11634:facility 10824:Archived 10785:Archived 10626:26413815 10347:19 March 9619:nic.cern 9543:Archived 9383:Archived 9228:"SESAME" 9202:"Jordan" 9109:25 March 8970:1 August 8948:1 August 8861:Archived 8837:22 March 8639:"Turkey" 8559:"Cyprus" 8515:30 March 8318:Archived 8227:"Israel" 7832:61403290 7615:: 16MB. 7586:Archived 7555:Archived 7516:24 April 7489:24 April 7442:22798574 7071:(1): 3. 6835:53605890 6778:30188496 6526:33676121 6373:22 March 6343:. 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CERN 10749: 10739: 10704: 10696: 10624: 10616: 10577: 10567: 10296: 10288: 10239: 10231: 10183:943291 10181: 10173: 10116: 10108: 10069: 10061: 10012: 9969: 9942: 9721: 9668:. CERN 9467: 9440: 9290:23 May 9264:23 May 9242:4 July 9212:4 July 9208:. CERN 9132:. CERN 9105:. CERN 9076:. CERN 9050:. CERN 9004:lrp.lt 8923:5 July 8893:5 July 8671:. CERN 8645:. CERN 8623:4 July 8565:. CERN 8460:. CERN 8371:. CERN 8310: 8237:5 July 8233:. CERN 8030: 7985: 7977: 7928: 7879: 7830: 7820: 7777: 7769: 7512:. CERN 7485:. CERN 7458:. CERN 7440: 7364: 7316: 7308: 7251: 7243: 7184: 7176: 7101: 7046: 7013: 7005: 6944: 6919: 6833: 6776: 6766: 6758: 6732:Nature 6711: 6662: 6637: 6576: 6549: 6524: 6514: 6463: 6420: 6127:. CERN 6107: 6100:Google 6082: 6072: 6037: 5970:. CERN 5935: 5878: 5819: 5798:. BBC. 5779: 5763:Nature 5746:. CNN. 5727: 5719: 5711: 5683:Nature 5630: 5604: 5503: 5404: 5371: 5332: 5276:. 1983 5226: 5117: 5107: 5045:. 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