245:, once the largest school in Tochigi Prefecture, north of Tokyo, was sued twice by its employees in the space of 13 months for withheld wages. During the second lawsuit its directors fled, while ignoring a court order to pay. News reports indicated the business was closed, but according to its business registration it is still a legal operating entity with 30 million yen in equity, and has never been in a state of bankruptcy.
255:
In 2014, Eikaiwa chain Gaba, famous for its "man-to-man" (one-to-one) lessons, came under fire from local print media for its handling of sexual harassment complaints against students. In the absence of a grievance procedure, the Gaba branch of the
General Union had to resort to collective bargaining
176:
was once considered one of the "Big Four", but its market share has declined in recent years and it was overtaken by ECC. ECC and Aeon have become the most widely recognized such schools in Japan. The large chains run extensive advertising campaigns in print and on television; they sometimes feature
180:
A 2008 assessment of the language study market for fiscal year 2007 showed it had shrunk by over 61%, an effect of Nova's collapse, although demand for some services like software and lessons for children had increased. GEOS filed for bankruptcy in April 2010, and was acquired by Nova.
106:
schools to supplement their school studies, to study a second language, to improve their business skills, as a hobby, to help socialize, or to prepare for travel or marriage. Many parents send their children to these schools in the hope of improving their child's prospects for
228:
Eikaiwa instructors face very low job security, with most schools only offering 12 month contracts, low income and a high pressure environment, from both customers and managers. For this reason, it could be assumed that most
Eikaiwa are
177:
Japanese or international celebrities in their promotions and have a very high profile and strong brand recognition often built on the personal and professional qualities of the foreign staff currently contracted to work for them.
119:
The major chains of commercial language schools have branches in cities and towns throughout Japan, and there are large numbers of smaller independent outfits. Several chains offer instruction in other languages, including
144:. These languages are taught primarily at larger city branches or through videoconferencing. In 2002, foreign language instruction in Japan was a 670 billion yen industry, of which the five largest chains (
225:, the Justice Ministry estimates that some 90 percent of foreign residents in Japan stay for three years or less. For eikaiwa teachers, however, that figure rises to between 96 and 97 percent.
184:
Average salaries for eikaiwa teachers have generally fallen since the 1980s. Eikaiwa teachers' unions have attempted to combat the decline in pay and benefits, with mixed results.
883:
111:, or to provide exposure to the ways and manners of people from other cultures. Contracted foreign teachers are often the principal selling point of an eikaiwa business.
252:
chain left thousands of western foreigners with no source of income and, in the majority of cases, no accommodation after their contracts were abruptly cancelled.
400:
679:
909:
431:
460:
Seargeant, Philip (2005). ""More
English than England itself": the simulation of authenticity in foreign language practice in Japan".
369:
534:
888:
336:"Japan - Education Videoconferencing Network Opens". Washington Post Newsweek Interactive via Newsbytes Network. June 29, 2000.
49:
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system mandates that
English be taught as part of the curriculum from the fifth grade, the focus is generally on
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173:
161:
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584:アメリカンクラブ株式会社登記 (American Club Business Registration), Utsunomiya Legal Records Office, Jan. 1995
821:
742:
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95:
599:(American Club Business Registration), Utsunomiya Legal Records Office, Feb. 10, 2011
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in
October 2007, although the brand continues to thrive under different management.
801:
735:
469:
137:
129:
121:
108:
678:"Harassers exploit Gaba's man-to-man lesson format", The Japan Times, Jun 16 2014
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141:
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125:
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schools, usually privately operated, in Japan. It is a combination of the word
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cf Zoom High School
English-Okihara Katsuaki, Clyde Davenport
493:. Yano Research Institute. September 2, 2008. Archived from
878:
592:
590:
705:
Learning to Bow: An
American Teacher in a Japanese School
195:
teachers are generally native
English speakers from the
587:
370:"Insatiable thirst for English boosts language schools"
611:
609:
607:
605:
602:
555:
553:
695:English to Go: Inside Japan's Teaching Sweatshops
901:
622:), Utsunomiya edition, Utsunomiya, Jan. 25, 1996
722:Importing Diversity: Inside Japan's JET Program
550:
275:Importing Diversity: Inside Japan's JET Program
532:The curious case of the eroding eikaiwa salary
84:
71:
58:
41:
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743:
16:English language conversation school in Japan
757:
462:International Journal of Applied Linguistics
561:"English schools face huge insurance probe"
432:"How U.S. stars sell Japan to the Japanese"
750:
736:
709:Learning to Bow: Inside the Heart of Japan
459:
361:
272:
401:"English Teaching Gets a Shake in Japan"
393:
669:, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan, Mar. 1996
638:, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan, Feb. 1996
453:
329:
902:
889:Teaching English as a foreign language
519:Geos school chain files for bankruptcy
480:
310:
910:English conversation schools in Japan
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266:
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869:English-language education in Japan
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687:
616:「英会話教室の外国人講師ら」賃金支払い求め訴訟経営者不在のまま閉鎖」
313:Re-Imagining Comparative Education
14:
921:
256:to resolve at least one dispute.
488:"Yano Research Institute Report"
474:10.1111/j.1473-4192.2005.00094.x
63:, English language conversation)
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438:. June 29, 2000. Archived from
409:. June 17, 2007. Archived from
368:Otake, Tomoko (June 4, 2004).
295:
1:
817:Rosetta Stone Learning Center
259:
248:The collapse of the troubled
654:), Utsunomiya, Feb. 23, 1996
7:
707:(1991), later published as
632:"The fall of American Club"
236:
10:
926:
521:Retrieved on June 11, 2012
315:. Routledge. p. 118.
114:
856:
835:
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273:McConnell, David (2000).
168:, the biggest, filed for
85:
72:
59:
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27:
279:University of California
187:
102:. Some students attend
788:Dela Cruz English Club
349:Cite journal requires
311:Ninnes, Peter (2004).
94:Although the Japanese
693:Craig Currie-Robson,
648:「講師の賃金支払い命令英会話学校へ宇地裁」
164:) accounted for 25%.
827:Shane English School
720:David L. McConnell,
547:, 3 July 2012, p. 12
50:English conversation
715:Memoirs of a Gaijin
664:"AC Update: Threat"
500:on October 10, 2008
281:Press. p. 23.
864:Education in Japan
652:Shimotsuke Shimbun
537:2013-01-20 at the
530:Budmar, Patrick, "
897:
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222:The Japan Times
219:. According to
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667:Networking
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571:2007-03-20
504:2008-09-02
446:2007-06-30
417:2007-06-30
386:2010-07-10
260:References
170:bankruptcy
843:Coco Juku
436:Salon.com
209:Australia
80:kyōshitsu
76:, school)
904:Category
857:See also
761:in Japan
535:Archived
406:OhmyNews
237:Scandals
836:Defunct
784:Berlitz
213:Ireland
193:Eikaiwa
174:Berlitz
162:Berlitz
138:Chinese
130:Italian
122:Spanish
115:Schools
104:eikaiwa
54:eikaiwa
724:(2000)
717:(2007)
697:(2015)
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205:Canada
199:, the
160:, and
142:Korean
140:, and
134:German
126:French
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797:Epion
498:(PDF)
491:(PDF)
215:, or
188:Staff
67:gakkō
43:英会話学校
28:英会話教室
884:MEXT
879:Juku
848:GEOS
807:Nova
802:Gaba
774:Aeon
355:help
317:ISBN
283:ISBN
250:Nova
241:The
166:Nova
158:Aeon
150:GEOS
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