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194:
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region, the sultanate was subdued and a majority of kotas dismantled or destroyed. kotas were not only used by the
Muslims as defense against Spaniards and other foreigners, renegades and rebels also built fortifications in defiance of other chiefs in the area. During the American occupation, rebels built strongholds and the datus, rajahs, or sultans often built and reinforced their kotas in a desperate bid to maintain rule over their subjects and their land. Many of these forts were also destroyed by American expeditions, as a result, very very few kotas still stand to this day.
3170:
2272:
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3132:
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3754:
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69:
2888:. Casemate walls could surround an entire settlement, but most only protected part of it. The three different types included freestanding casemate walls, then integrated ones where the inner wall was part of the outer buildings of the settlement, and finally filled casemate walls, where the rooms between the walls were filled with soil right away, allowing for a quick, but nevertheless stable construction of particularly high walls.
4319:
3077:. Even a small town—for instance, Kotada Bhadli, exhibiting sophisticated fortification-like bastions—shows that nearly all major and minor towns of the Indus Valley Civilization were fortified. Forts also appeared in urban cities of the Gangetic valley during the second urbanisation period between 600 and 200 BC, and as many as 15 fortification sites have been identified by archaeologists throughout the Gangetic valley, such as
10746:
4134:
2868:, having the meaning of a double wall protecting a city or fortress, with transverse walls separating the space between the walls into chambers. These could be used as such, for storage or residential purposes, or could be filled with soil and rocks during siege in order to raise the resistance of the outer wall against battering rams. Originally thought to have been introduced to the region by the
2880:. Casemate walls became a common type of fortification in the Southern Levant between the Middle Bronze Age (MB) and Iron Age II, being more numerous during the Iron Age and peaking in Iron Age II (10th–6th century BC). However, the construction of casemate walls had begun to be replaced by sturdier solid walls by the
3646:
on hills and elevated areas to protect themselves during times of war. These fortifications were likened to
European castles because of their purpose. Usually, the only entrance to the castles would be via a rope ladder that would only be lowered for the villagers and could be kept away when invaders
2551:
There is also an intermediate branch known as semi-permanent fortification. This is employed when in the course of a campaign it becomes desirable to protect some locality with the best imitation of permanent defences that can be made in a short time, ample resources and skilled civilian labour being
4508:
In addition, since in theory the defensive line only had to hold out long enough for mobile reserves to reinforce it, terrain that did not permit rapid advance could be held more weakly because the enemy's advance into it would be slower, giving the defenders more time to reinforce that point in the
4454:
The strength of the defensive line in an area varied according to how rapidly an attacking force could progress in the terrain that was being defended—both the terrain the defensive line was built on and the ground behind it that an attacker might hope to break out into. This was both for reasons of
3689:
to protect their communities. Usually, many of the occupants of these kotas are entire families rather than just warriors. Lords often had their own kotas to assert their right to rule, it served not only as a military installation but as a palace for the local Lord. It is said that at the height of
4524:
were developed, so missiles could be fired from the middle of a country and hit cities and targets in another country, and airplanes (and air carriers) became major defenses and offensive weapons (leading to an expansion of the use of airports and airstrips as fortifications). Mobile defenses could
4254:
by a gently sloping open area so as to eliminate possible cover for enemy forces, while the fort itself provided a minimal target for enemy fire. The entrypoint became a sunken gatehouse in the inner face of the ditch, reached by a curving ramp that gave access to the gate via a rolling bridge that
3891:
to block
British advances. Some of these fortifications were over a hundred yards long, with heavy parallel tree trunks. They were impervious to destruction by artillery fire. Behind these stockades, numerous Ashanti soldiers were mobilized to check enemy movement. While formidable in construction,
4309:
Traditional fortification however continued to be applied by
European armies engaged in warfare in colonies established in Africa against lightly armed attackers from amongst the indigenous population. A relatively small number of defenders in a fort impervious to primitive weaponry could hold out
4301:
The new forts abandoned the principle of the bastion, which had also been made obsolete by advances in arms. The outline was a much-simplified polygon, surrounded by a ditch. These forts, built in masonry and shaped stone, were designed to shelter their garrison against bombardment. One organizing
2652:
to protect against invaders from neighbouring territories, as well as circle-shaped mud brick walls around their cities. Many of the fortifications of the ancient world were built with mud brick, often leaving them no more than mounds of dirt for today's archaeologists. A massive prehistoric stone
4589:
stores closer to the aircraft. At Bien Hoa South
Vietnam on the morning of 16 May 1965, as aircraft were being re-fuelled and armed, a chain reaction explosion destroyed 13 aircraft, killed 34 personnel, and injured over 100; this, along with damage and losses of aircraft to enemy attack (by both
4297:
Gone were citadels surrounding towns: forts were to be moved to the outside of the cities some 12 km to keep the enemy at a distance so their artillery could not bombard the city center. From now on a ring of forts were to be built at a spacing that would allow them to effectively cover the
2494:
Many United States Army installations are known as forts, although they are not always fortified. During the pioneering era of North
America, many outposts on the frontiers, even non-military outposts, were referred to generically as forts. Larger military installations may be called fortresses;
4601:
Aircrew and ground personnel will need protection during enemy attacks and fortifications range from culvert section "duck and cover" shelters to permanent air-raid shelters. Soft locations with high personnel densities such as accommodation and messing facilities can have limited protection by
3892:
many of these strongpoints failed because
Ashanti guns, gunpowder and bullets were poor, and provided little sustained killing power in defense. Time and time again British troops overcame or bypassed the stockades by mounting old-fashioned bayonet charges, after laying down some covering fire.
3866:
for example had several sites surrounded by the full range of earthworks and ramparts seen elsewhere, and sited on ground. This improved defensive potential—such as hills and ridges. Yoruba fortifications were often protected with a double wall of trenches and ramparts, and in the Congo forests
3698:
with kotas and other fortifications to block the
Spanish advance into the region. These kotas were usually made of stone and bamboo or other light materials and surrounded by trench networks. As a result, some of these kotas were burned easily or destroyed. With further Spanish campaigns in the
4397:
The second weakness of permanent fortification was its very permanency. Because of this, it was often easier to go around a fortification and, with the rise of mobile warfare in the beginning of World War II, this became a viable offensive choice. When a defensive line was too extensive to be
2625:
starting from 4700 BC had a diameter of about 300 feet (91 m), was home to 350 people living in two-storey houses, and was encircled by a fortified wall. The huge walls around the settlement, which were built very tall and with stone blocks which are 6 feet (1.8 m) high and 4.5 feet
4373:
The ever-escalating power, speed, and reach of artillery and airpower meant that almost any target that could be located could be destroyed if sufficient force were massed against it. As such, the more resources a defender devoted to reinforcing a fortification, the more combat power that
4694:
However, there are some modern fortifications that are referred to as forts. These are typically small semi-permanent fortifications. In urban combat, they are built by upgrading existing structures such as houses or public buildings. In field warfare they are often log, sandbag or
3294:, Sri Lanka was occupied by several major colonial empires that from time to time became the dominant power in the Indian Ocean. The colonists built several western-style forts, mostly in and around the coast of the island. The first to build colonial forts in Sri Lanka were the
3318:
during the two world wars. Most of these were abandoned by the military but retained civil administrative officers, while others retained military garrisons, which were more administrative than operational. Some were reoccupied by military units with the escalation of the
4613:
Fuel is volatile and has to comply with rules for storage which provide protection against accidents. Fuel in underground bulk fuel installations is well protected though valves and controls are vulnerable to enemy action. Above-ground tanks can be susceptible to attack.
4450:
Because the mobile offensives practised by both sides usually focused on avoiding the strongest points of a defensive line, these defences were usually relatively thin and spread along the length of a line. The defence was usually not equally strong throughout, however.
4690:
Forts in modern
American usage often refer to space set aside by governments for a permanent military facility; these often do not have any actual fortifications, and can have specializations (military barracks, administration, medical facilities, or intelligence).
4108:
The evolution of this new style of fortification can be seen in transitional forts such as
Sarzanello in North West Italy which was built between 1492 and 1502. Sarzanello consists of both crenellated walls with towers typical of the medieval period but also has a
2712:
did not have walls for a long time, choosing to rely on their militaries for defence instead. Initially, these fortifications were simple constructions of wood and earth, which were later replaced by mixed constructions of stones piled on top of each other without
4398:
entirely bypassed, massive offensive might could be massed against one part of the line allowing a breakthrough, after which the rest of the line could be bypassed. Such was the fate of the many defensive lines built before and during World War II, such as the
4058:
2336:
or fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted as a border guard rather than a real strongpoint to watch and maintain the border.
4466:
Thus the defensive line could be relatively thin because the bulk of the fighting power of the defenders was not concentrated in the line itself but rather in the mobile reserves. A notable exception to this rule was seen in the defensive lines at the
4442:
If sufficient power were massed against one point to penetrate it, the forces based there could be withdrawn and the line could be re-established relatively quickly. Instead of a supposedly impenetrable defensive line, such fortifications emphasized
2536:—and often known as fieldworks or earthworks, are extemporized by troops in the field, perhaps assisted by such local labour and tools as may be procurable and with materials that do not require much preparation, such as soil, brushwood, and light
4730:, and other such facilities. Those are covered in other articles, as most prisons and concentration camps are not primarily military forts (although forts, camps, and garrison towns have been used as prisons and/or concentration camps; such as
4458:
This was possible because while offensive tactics were focused on mobility, so were defensive tactics. The dug-in defences consisted primarily of infantry and antitank guns. Defending tanks and tank destroyers would be concentrated in mobile
4886:
2407:
did not fare well against the effects of high explosives, and the intricate arrangements of bastions, flanking batteries and the carefully constructed lines of fire for the defending cannon could be rapidly disrupted by explosive shells.
4204:
did not fare well against the effects of high explosives and the intricate arrangements of bastions, flanking batteries and the carefully constructed lines of fire for the defending cannon could be rapidly disrupted by explosive shells.
4239:
style of fortification. The ditch became deep and vertically sided, cut directly into the native rock or soil, laid out as a series of straight lines creating the central fortified area that gives this style of fortification its name.
4606:, T Barriers or Splinter Protection Units (SPUs). Older fortification may prove useful such as the old 'Yugo' pyramid shelters built in the 1980s which were used by US personnel on 8 Jan 2020 when Iran fired 11 ballistic missiles at
4584:
Munition storage follows safety rules which use fortifications (bunkers and bunds) to provide protection against accident and chain reactions (sympathetic detonations). Weapons for rearming aircraft can be stored in small fortified
4005:. These cities are easy to recognise due to their regular layout and large market spaces. The fortifications of these settlements were continuously improved to reflect the current level of military development. During the
4129:
Fortifications also extended in depth, with protected batteries for defensive cannonry, to allow them to engage attacking cannons to keep them at a distance and prevent them from bearing directly on the vulnerable walls.
4121:
in 1522 so that Rhodes is the only European walled town that still shows the transition between the classical medieval fortification and the modern ones. A manual about the construction of fortification was published by
2527:
Fortification is usually divided into two branches: permanent fortification and field fortification. Permanent fortifications are erected at leisure, with all the resources that a state can supply of constructive and
2826:. It reached its largest extent during the late La Tène period (late 2nd century BC), when it had a size of 380 hectares. At that time, 5,000 to 10,000 people lived within its 7.2 km long walls. The oppidum of
4361:
are still able to provide some protection in modern wars. Many historical fortifications were demolished during the modern age, but a considerable number survive as popular tourist destinations and prominent local
2819:(German: Oppidum von Manching) was a large Celtic proto-urban or city-like settlement at modern-day Manching (near Ingolstadt), Bavaria (Germany). The settlement was founded in the 3rd century BC and existed until
3851:(present day Sudan) was encompassed by fortified walls surrounded by a ditch. Archaeology has revealed various Bronze Age bastions and foundations constructed of stone together with either baked or unfired brick.
3486:. The historic city was home to centuries-old churches, schools, convents, government buildings and residences, the best collection of Spanish colonial architecture before much of it was destroyed by the bombs of
4438:
which dominated World War I, these defences were more temporary in nature. This was an advantage because since it was less extensive it formed a less obvious target for enemy force to be directed against.
3052:
were clustered behind massive stone flood dykes and defensive walls, for neighbouring communities bickered constantly about the control of prime agricultural land. The fortification varies by site. While
3899:
field fortifications were characterized by trenches and low earthen embankments. Such strongpoints ironically, sometimes held up much better against European cannon than taller, more imposing structures.
2776:
wall approximately 4 metres tall, probably topped by a roofed walkway, thus reaching a total height of 6 metres. The wall was clad with lime plaster, regularly renewed. Towers protruded outwards from it.
3871:
and paths, along with the main works, often bristled with rows of sharpened stakes. Inner defenses were laid out to blunt an enemy penetration with a maze of defensive walls allowing for entrapment and
4562:
by ground forces, stand-off attacks (mortars and rockets), air attacks, or ballistic missiles. Key targets—aircraft, munitions, fuel, and vital technical personnel—can be protected by fortifications.
3801:
derailed the negotiations, and broke up the confederacy against him. The well-organized defenders, the sinking of confederate morale, and poor weather conditions caused the siege to end in a fiasco.
2396:
that would absorb and disperse the energy of cannon fire. Walls exposed to direct cannon fire were very vulnerable, so the walls were sunk into ditches fronted by earth slopes to improve protection.
4302:
feature of the new system involved the construction of two defensive curtains: an outer line of forts, backed by an inner ring or line at critical points of terrain or junctions (see, for example,
8367:
5532:
2598:
Defensive fences for protecting humans and domestic animals against predators was used long before the appearence of writing and began "perhaps with primitive man blocking the entrances of his
4463:
behind the defensive line. If a major offensive was launched against a point in the line, mobile reinforcements would be sent to reinforce that part of the line that was in danger of failing.
4486:
that tanks could move over quickly made possible rapid advances into the defenders' rear areas that were very dangerous to the defenders. Thus such terrain had to be defended at all costs.
7320:
3862:. The walls may have been constructed between the thirteenth and mid-fifteenth century CE or, during the first millennium CE. Strong citadels were also built other in areas of Africa.
2617:
in western Siberia has been described by archaeologists as one of the oldest known fortified settlements, as well as the northernmost Stone Age fort. In Bulgaria, near the town of
5031:
2344:. Fortification is usually divided into two branches: permanent fortification and field fortification. There is also an intermediate branch known as semi-permanent fortification.
5917:
4638:
Just as in colonial periods, comparatively obsolete fortifications are still used for low-intensity conflicts. Such fortifications range in size from small patrol bases or
3963:. From the 12th century, hundreds of settlements of all sizes were founded all across Europe, which very often obtained the right of fortification soon afterward.
4243:
Wide enough to be an impassable barrier for attacking troops, but narrow enough to be a difficult target for enemy shellfire, the ditch was swept by fire from defensive
4113:
like angular gun platform screening one of the curtain walls which is protected from flanking fire from the towers of the main part of the fort. Another example is the
8352:
4086:
that would absorb and disperse the energy of cannon fire. Walls exposed to direct cannon fire were very vulnerable, so were sunk into ditches fronted by earth slopes.
3959:
saw the creation of some towns built around castles. These cities were only rarely protected by simple stone walls and more usually by a combination of both walls and
4666:
or even simple mud can provide protection against small arms and anti-tank weapons—although such fortifications are still vulnerable to mortar and artillery fire.
4658:. Much like in the 18th and 19th century, because the enemy is not a powerful military force with the heavy weaponry required to destroy fortifications, walls of
10541:
3109:
brick fortification occurs in one of the stupa mounds of Lauria Nandangarh, which is 1.6 km in perimeter and oval in plan and encloses a habitation area.
5834:
5502:
4520:
capable of reaching much of the way around the world were developed, so speed became an essential characteristic of the strongest militaries and defenses.
4624:
fortifications. Prefabricated positions can be made from concrete culvert sections. The British Yarnold Bunker is made from sections of a concrete pipe.
5528:
4714:. The reason for this is that static above-ground forts cannot survive modern direct or indirect fire weapons larger than mortars, RPGs and small arms.
3465:
2495:
smaller ones were once known as fortalices. The word fortification can refer to the practice of improving an area's defense with defensive works. City
5461:
4228:
Worse, the large open ditches surrounding forts of this type were an integral part of the defensive scheme, as was the covered way at the edge of the
3290:
date back thousands of years, with many being built by Sri Lankan kings. These include several walled cities. With the outset of colonial rule in the
4702:
Such forts are typically only used in low-level conflicts, such as counterinsurgency conflicts or very low-level conventional conflicts, such as the
8704:
4980:
4093:
of the fortification to allow defensive cannonry interlocking fields of fire to cover all approaches to the lower and thus more vulnerable walls.
2661:. Named the "Great Wall of Brodgar" it was 4 metres (13 ft) thick and 4 metres tall. The wall had some symbolic or ritualistic function. The
8894:
4513:
in Germany during the closing stages of World War II is an excellent example of how difficult terrain could be used to the defenders' advantage.
4547:
along borders are arguably another type of fortification, although a passive kind, providing a buffer between potentially hostile militaries.
4529:
capable of firing missiles. Some bunkers in the mid to late 20th century came to be buried deep inside mountains and prominent rocks, such as
9608:
9139:
4414:; it was designed to force the Germans to invade other countries (Belgium or Switzerland) to go around it, and was successful in that sense.
2340:
The art of setting out a military camp or constructing a fortification traditionally has been called "castrametation" since the time of the
5702:
Ogundiran, Akinwumi (June 2005). "Four Millennia of Cultural History in Nigeria (ca. 2000 B.C.–A.D. 1900): Archaeological Perspectives".
5610:
3723:: Literally translates to "stone fort" the first known stone fortification in the country, its ruins exist as the "Kutawato Cave Complex"
2897:
5926:
5027:
4374:
fortification justified being devoted to destroying it, if the fortification's destruction was demanded by an attacker's strategy. From
10613:
8405:
5295:
4866:. Wade, Dale A., "THE USE OF FENCES FOR PREDATOR DAMAGE CONTROL" (1982). Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982). 47
3674:
built forts made of stone walls that averaged several meters in width and about two to three times the width in height around 2000 BC.
3793:) useless, locking the two sides in a stalemate. Hoping to make several attacks at once, the confederates persuaded the Medina-allied
8899:
4885:
Piezonka, Henny; Chairkina, Natalya; Dubovtseva, Ekaterina; Kosinskaya, Lyubov; Meadows, John; Schreiber, Tanja (December 1, 2023).
4349:
in most situations. In the 1930s and 1940s, some fortifications were built with designs taking into consideration the new threat of
2283:
10550:
10228:
8362:
6033:
4501:
1117:
5005:
3985:. Construction beginning in 1612, these were the first stone fortifications, with the first coastal artillery batteries, built by
8357:
5104:
4447:, so that as defenders were forced to pull back or were overrun, the lines of defenders behind them could take over the defence.
1544:
2562:
are fortifications which are regarded as being distinct from the generic fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a
9584:
7963:
7136:
3974:
5764:
The Ashanti campaign of 1900, (1908) By Sir Cecil Hamilton Armitage, Arthur Forbes Montanaro, (1901) Sands and Co. pp. 130–131
5057:
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5604:
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5428:
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4955:
4887:"The world's oldest-known promontory fort: Amnya and the acceleration of hunter-gatherer diversity in Siberia 8000 years ago"
4286:
and machine rooms deep under the surface. The guns, however, were often mounted in open emplacements and protected only by a
3858:
are described as the world's second longest man-made structure, as well as the most extensive earthwork in the world, by the
3256:
the Indian treatise on military strategy describes six major types of forts differentiated by their major modes of defenses.
2348:
are fortifications which are regarded as being distinct from the generic fort or fortress in that they are a residence of a
2299:
have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the
133:
8536:
5786:
4703:
4686:, Dominican Republic is recognized by UNESCO for being the oldest military construction of European origin in the Americas.
3539:
17:
5122:
105:
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and in other Roman territories where camps were set up with the intention of staying for some time, but not permanently.
2545:
1900:
193:
4541:
have been used as hidden defences in modern warfare, often remaining long after the wars that produced them have ended.
10500:
9114:
9109:
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4517:
2626:(1.4 m) thick, make it one of the earliest walled settlements in Europe but it is younger than the walled town of
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1873:
488:
4581:
which will protect from many types of attack. Larger aircraft types tend to be based outside the operational theatre.
2321:
7545:
7330:
5348:
5279:
5087:
4104:, 1728. The development of bastion forts resulted from the increased use of cannons and firearms in the 14th century.
2481:
1549:
152:
112:
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10710:
5814:. Rhodes: Ministry of Culture – Works supervision committee for the monuments of the medieval town of Rhodes. 2001.
5296:"Agressive Architecture: Fortifications of the Indus Valley in the Mature Harappan phase | Student Repository"
4341:
fortifications were common during the 19th and early 20th centuries. However, the advances in modern warfare since
3978:
3733:. When it was occupied by the Spaniards in the 1870s they converted the kota into the world's smallest walled city.
1627:
5826:
5506:
4033:
used to build smaller fortifications but in greater numbers, and only rarely fortified entire settlements such as
2902:
10785:
9630:
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4430:, bombs designed to penetrate hardened targets buried underground, led to a decline in the use of fortifications.
3748:
3635:
1972:
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1397:
242:
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4722:
Fortifications designed to keep the inhabitants of a facility in rather than attacker out can also be found, in
4303:
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floodplain. Many of these settlements had fortifications and planned streets. The stone and mud brick houses of
9549:
8994:
8447:
8398:
5978:
5674:
3761:, 627. Muslim defenders repelled the Confederates using Medina's natural fortifications and makeshift trenches.
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fortified their cities with massive, mortar-bound stone walls. The most famous of these are the largely extant
2459:
2455:
2238:
1736:
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90:
86:
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8977:
5962:
Osadolor, Osarhieme Benson, "The Military System of Benin Kingdom 1440–1897", (UD), Hamburg University: 2001
4735:
3997:
The founding of urban centres was an important means of territorial expansion and many cities, especially in
3490:. Of all the buildings within the 67-acre city, only one building, the San Agustin Church, survived the war.
2219:
2153:
1600:
5443:
Luengo, Pedro. Intramuros: Arquitectura en Manila, 1739–1762. Madrid: Fundacion Universitaria Española, 2012
4620:
Permanent (concrete) guard fortifications are safer, stronger, last longer and are more cost-effective than
4029:(Croatia), which proved to be futile against attacks but still stand to this day. Unlike the Venetians, the
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8531:
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and stand-off attacks), led to the construction of revetments and shelters to protect aircraft throughout
3044:
sites exhibit evidence of fortifications. By about 3500 BC, hundreds of small farming villages dotted the
2416:
fortifications were common during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The advances in modern warfare since
101:
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10210:
10112:
9579:
9429:
8999:
8868:
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4617:
Ground support equipment will need to be protected by fortifications to be usable after an enemy attack.
3576:
3448:
2100:
1287:
1089:
960:
498:
57:
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4630:
Dispersal and camouflage of assets can supplement fortifications against some forms of airfield attack.
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10618:
9071:
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7991:
7956:
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4018:
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3353:. The Great Wall was a series of fortifications built across the historical northern borders of China.
3279:
2533:
2276:
1564:
42:
5230:
2872:, this has been disproved by the discovery of examples predating their arrival, the earliest being at
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3315:
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2502:
The art of setting out a military camp or constructing a fortification traditionally has been called
2300:
1674:
1182:
531:
405:
259:
53:
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4330:, the buildings were placed at a distance from each other, making it difficult to find from the air.
4059:
Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar
3650:
3310:. Most of the colonial forts were garrisoned up until the early 20th century. The coastal forts had
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ditches and counter scarps made to be very deep, vertically sided, and cut directly into the rocks.
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and commands a specific defensive territory. An example of this is the massive medieval castle of
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Barba, Federica (2004). "The Fortified Cities of the Ganges Plain in the First Millennium B.C.".
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2060:
1816:
1375:
1297:
1242:
840:
503:
79:
5225:
4096:
10678:
10060:
9913:
9596:
9544:
9531:
9414:
9365:
9338:
9146:
8941:
8786:
8632:
8487:
8217:
7929:
7745:
7335:
7232:
7117:
6301:
4639:
4504:. Cheyenne Mountain is an example of a mid-20th century fortification built deep in a mountain.
4038:
3966:
3909:
3798:
2995:
2987:
2968:
2541:
2529:
1945:
1920:
1642:
1554:
1427:
1302:
903:
880:
326:
225:
5594:
3396:(221–207 BC), although its present form was mostly an engineering feat and remodelling of the
10584:
10195:
10162:
10070:
9903:
9698:
9451:
9326:
8889:
8652:
8041:
7949:
7882:
7720:
7502:
7255:
6992:
6815:
6144:
5569:
5559:
5420:
4354:
4323:
4294:
had seen them put out of action by rubble as their own casemates were collapsed around them.
4076:
3970:
3960:
3915:
3868:
3601:
3545:
3299:
2950:
2386:
2257:
1534:
1467:
1420:
1074:
1037:
1000:
918:
870:
754:
564:
372:
281:
49:
5388:
5180:
4799:
10575:
10293:
10020:
9956:
9908:
9848:
9776:
9306:
9031:
8811:
8457:
8021:
8016:
7867:
7395:
7021:
6820:
6786:
6186:
6068:
5798:
5482:
4591:
4566:
4283:
4042:
4030:
3770:
3758:
3416:
3320:
2911:
2253:
1925:
1827:
1684:
1679:
1497:
1462:
1197:
1017:
875:
811:
665:
635:
232:
126:
5272:
The Encyclopedia of World History: ancient, medieval, and modern, chronologically arranged
4247:
set in the ditch as well as firing positions cut into the outer face of the ditch itself.
2704:, where a bastion built in around 1500 BC was found. Exceptions were few—notably, ancient
2215:
8:
10750:
10185:
10142:
10037:
9823:
9813:
9761:
9663:
9653:
9603:
9574:
8948:
8569:
8564:
8452:
8182:
7684:
7420:
6776:
6154:
5199:
4891:
4727:
4559:
4471:
during World War II, where German forces deliberately attacked the strongest part of the
4266:, German fortifications built in 1893. By the 19th century, tunnels were used to connect
3471:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3389:
3346:
3169:
3163:
3021:
2885:
2816:
2271:
2246:
2242:
2227:
1776:
1761:
1637:
1524:
1502:
1477:
1437:
1347:
1157:
1062:
1012:
779:
769:
734:
526:
516:
286:
210:
4290:; both in order to keep a lower profile and also because experience with guns in closed
4250:
The profile of the fort became very low indeed, surrounded outside the ditch covered by
2366:
were the main antecedents of castles in Europe, which emerged in the 9th century in the
10452:
10268:
10180:
10147:
10013:
9988:
9888:
9873:
9858:
9818:
9786:
9658:
9509:
9468:
9257:
8699:
8492:
8144:
8026:
7806:
7415:
7390:
7375:
7370:
7220:
7200:
6997:
6558:
6425:
6169:
5719:
5321:
5158:
5001:
4840:
4602:
placing prefabricated concrete walls or barriers around them, examples of barriers are
4578:
4544:
4423:
4173:
4010:
3952:
3706:
3384:(481–221 BC), mass conversion to stone architecture did not begin in earnest until the
3265:
2524:. In some texts, this latter term also applies to the art of building a fortification.
2367:
2197:, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from
2110:
1965:
1885:
1806:
1751:
1726:
1647:
1593:
1559:
1490:
1407:
1317:
1222:
1167:
1057:
1022:
975:
850:
821:
774:
712:
687:
521:
335:
254:
31:
4558:
offer a fixed "target rich" environment for even relatively small enemy forces, using
4164:
is an excellent example. There are also extensive fortifications from this era in the
3201:
A large majority of forts in India are in North India. The most notable forts are the
2768:. The fortifications were continuously being expanded and improved. Around 600 BC, in
10683:
10593:
10273:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10220:
10152:
10122:
10102:
9751:
9693:
9516:
9377:
9269:
9245:
9235:
9190:
8906:
8863:
8806:
8731:
8497:
8306:
8253:
7862:
7821:
7796:
7669:
7350:
7190:
7037:
6623:
6501:
6179:
6122:
5974:
5861:
5723:
5670:
5645:
5600:
5573:
5424:
5392:
5344:
5275:
5083:
4832:
4555:
4526:
3956:
3805:
3778:
3730:
3515:
3408:
3332:
3311:
3295:
3102:
2956:
2700:, some settlements also began to be fortified. The most notable surviving example is
2662:
2371:
2146:
2055:
2002:
1905:
1895:
1890:
1860:
1843:
1838:
1811:
1756:
1457:
1447:
1442:
1432:
1352:
1342:
1337:
1312:
1282:
1172:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1027:
980:
950:
789:
582:
559:
493:
10402:
2115:
10523:
10491:
10427:
10407:
10253:
10205:
10107:
10092:
10047:
10003:
9998:
9971:
9833:
9803:
9771:
9741:
9731:
9489:
9424:
9276:
9218:
9092:
9046:
9036:
8916:
8848:
8828:
8521:
8442:
8437:
8212:
8134:
8062:
7836:
7811:
7740:
7664:
7265:
7260:
7195:
6746:
6550:
6129:
5711:
5053:
4947:
4900:
4651:
4444:
4391:
3896:
3833:
3809:
3808:
in January 630, Muhammad ordered his followers to attack enemies who fled from the
3558:
3403:
In addition to the Great Wall, a number of Chinese cities also employed the use of
3376:–1050 BC); the capital at ancient Ao had enormous walls built in this fashion (see
3230:
2964:
2930:
2734:
2722:
2714:
2308:
2120:
2085:
2017:
1910:
1848:
1741:
1669:
1662:
1519:
1452:
1402:
1392:
1267:
1187:
1147:
1132:
1099:
1084:
955:
940:
893:
801:
759:
702:
697:
655:
478:
455:
362:
291:
220:
203:
4674:
3474:
several forts and outposts were built throughout the archipelago. Most notable is
3073:
has a quadrangular fortified layout. Evidence also suggested of fortifications in
2701:
2682:
10698:
10693:
10364:
10359:
10278:
10258:
10087:
10008:
9993:
9939:
9898:
9766:
9504:
9436:
9230:
8746:
8684:
8674:
8647:
8612:
8326:
8082:
8046:
8036:
7725:
7577:
7550:
7490:
7460:
7345:
7310:
7290:
7275:
6830:
6825:
6793:
6554:
6496:
6484:
6466:
6333:
6314:
6240:
6217:
6000:
5790:
5489:
5412:
4739:
4679:
4627:
Guard towers provide an increased field of view but a lower level of protection.
4607:
4468:
4197:
4165:
4006:
3710:
3479:
3307:
3222:
3143:
3013:
2937:, together with partial remains elsewhere. These are mostly city gates, like the
2877:
2654:
2400:
1930:
1915:
1833:
1789:
1731:
1387:
1382:
1272:
1262:
1177:
1152:
1094:
935:
865:
855:
707:
692:
615:
587:
387:
367:
215:
5783:
4200:
in the 19th century led to yet another stage in the evolution of fortification.
4013:
raised great walls around cities, and the finest examples, among others, are in
3785:, which together with Medina's natural fortifications, rendered the confederate
10790:
10673:
10648:
10514:
10442:
10339:
10298:
10288:
10263:
10200:
10157:
10025:
9966:
9961:
9934:
9863:
9838:
9781:
9637:
9537:
9296:
9104:
8838:
8657:
8607:
8273:
8202:
8031:
8006:
7894:
7889:
7555:
7540:
7475:
7465:
7340:
7325:
7225:
7215:
7180:
7054:
6847:
6544:
6511:
6475:
6291:
6149:
6113:
5130:
4751:
4731:
4603:
4435:
4399:
4383:
4350:
4327:
4275:
4263:
4236:
4221:
4161:
4046:
3998:
3888:
3880:
3855:
3782:
3619:
3613:
3533:
3444:
3436:
3404:
3381:
3303:
3270:
3246:
3238:
3190:
3136:
2983:
2934:
2922:
2907:
2881:
2861:
2799:
2753:
2718:
2697:
2610:
2496:
2304:
2296:
2105:
1853:
1277:
1237:
1215:
1202:
1192:
1162:
1079:
1032:
835:
826:
717:
670:
650:
640:
610:
577:
465:
422:
377:
249:
182:
35:
5715:
10764:
10653:
10422:
10132:
10097:
9983:
9976:
9944:
9893:
9868:
9843:
9625:
9591:
9497:
9360:
9333:
9314:
9026:
8833:
8669:
8509:
8482:
8336:
8238:
8192:
8172:
7996:
7899:
7852:
7760:
7750:
7704:
7674:
7659:
7628:
7609:
7470:
7410:
7365:
7280:
7239:
7049:
6682:
6677:
6410:
6373:
6358:
6309:
6254:
6233:
5930:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 679–725.
5921:
5911:
4836:
4683:
4595:
4570:
4427:
4407:
4379:
4229:
4217:
4213:
4169:
3790:
3720:
3671:
3655:
3631:
3366:
3362:
3106:
3082:
2772:, Germany, forts were constructed with a limestone foundation supported by a
2765:
2645:
2532:
skill, and are built of enduring materials. Field fortifications—for example
2330:
1952:
1940:
1796:
1716:
1632:
1615:
1472:
1327:
1307:
990:
985:
965:
945:
860:
831:
806:
682:
660:
620:
460:
382:
345:
340:
237:
5959:. Potomac Books Inc. (an imprint of the University of Nebraska Press), 2013.
3895:
Defensive works were of importance in the tropical African Kingdoms. In the
3131:
2403:
in the 19th century led to another stage in the evolution of fortification.
10739:
10482:
10354:
10329:
10032:
9951:
9526:
9394:
9384:
9345:
9321:
9066:
8791:
8689:
8268:
8222:
8156:
7972:
7877:
7735:
7699:
7654:
7638:
7566:
7519:
7495:
7485:
7480:
7295:
7112:
6973:
6940:
6805:
6741:
6716:
6628:
6602:
6570:
6564:
6506:
6445:
6415:
6263:
4647:
4521:
4483:
4472:
4411:
4375:
4232:. The ditch was extremely vulnerable to bombardment with explosive shells.
4141:
4101:
4072:
4063:
Medieval-style fortifications were largely made obsolete by the arrival of
3821:
3794:
3753:
3640:
The Ivatan people of the northern islands of Batanes built their so-called
3487:
3397:
3385:
3358:
3341:
3291:
3253:
3242:
3218:
3174:
3094:
3074:
2960:
2946:
2918:
2521:
2509:
2382:
2377:
Medieval-style fortifications were largely made obsolete by the arrival of
2341:
2223:
2190:
2139:
2065:
2045:
2040:
1935:
1880:
1514:
1509:
1332:
1247:
995:
729:
630:
427:
331:
4904:
4434:
Instead field fortification rose to dominate defensive action. Unlike the
10658:
10334:
10117:
9923:
9853:
9554:
9301:
9021:
8816:
8759:
8694:
8679:
8602:
8177:
8112:
7776:
7633:
7602:
7584:
7572:
7514:
7509:
7450:
7445:
7405:
7305:
7270:
7166:
7069:
6840:
6810:
6800:
6706:
6595:
6212:
6159:
5667:
Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
5222:
5188:
4655:
4403:
4342:
4244:
4181:
4177:
4137:
4002:
3920:
3483:
3393:
3350:
3151:
3121:
3086:
3040:). "Fort" is the word used in India for all old fortifications. Numerous
3017:
2938:
2649:
2641:
2591:
2571:
2553:
2417:
2050:
1801:
1766:
1605:
1292:
1257:
970:
913:
816:
600:
321:
316:
6403:
5957:
The Rocky Road to the Great War: The Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914
5784:"Sarzana and Sarzanello – Transitional Design and Renaissance Designers"
5325:
4844:
4825:"The Defence of Places: Fortifications as Architecture [part 1]"
4824:
4034:
2780:
48:"Fort", "Fortress", and "Stronghold" redirect here. For other uses, see
10374:
10190:
9615:
9056:
8931:
8926:
8331:
8258:
8087:
8072:
7801:
7621:
7593:
7524:
7400:
7355:
7285:
7205:
7102:
7007:
6947:
6906:
6884:
6835:
6781:
6731:
6726:
6711:
6670:
6618:
6576:
6521:
6363:
6279:
4310:
against high odds, the only constraint being the supply of ammunition.
4279:
4267:
3726:
3678:
3663:
3564:
3551:
3521:
3497:
3475:
3185:
3062:
3033:
2884:, probably due the development of more effective battering rams by the
2873:
2742:
2694:
2686:
2677:
2622:
2614:
2517:
2007:
1977:
1699:
1068:
10668:
7781:
6326:
4859:
2648:. The Ancient Egyptians also built fortresses on the frontiers of the
10344:
10317:
9808:
9746:
9463:
9252:
9166:
9151:
8989:
8823:
8781:
8592:
8315:
8311:
8278:
8263:
8243:
8139:
8092:
8001:
7210:
7141:
6968:
6963:
6896:
6537:
6450:
6380:
6338:
6164:
6134:
6095:
6061:
5881:
4926:
4884:
4538:
4530:
4426:
2,000 lb (910 kg) bomb hits the ground. The development of
4387:
4251:
4208:
4201:
4153:
4026:
4022:
3990:
3940:
3925:
3873:
3509:
3287:
3234:
3226:
3210:
3206:
3194:
3054:
3005:
2865:
2844:
2769:
2730:
2603:
2587:
2404:
2363:
2333:
2316:
1997:
1821:
1771:
1721:
1711:
1706:
1571:
1362:
1357:
1322:
764:
450:
417:
306:
4489:
4258:
3380:
for more info). Although stone walls were built in China during the
3000:
2433:
68:
10663:
10324:
9878:
9726:
9264:
9041:
8972:
8764:
8617:
8575:
8432:
8414:
8383:
8248:
7694:
7689:
7614:
7455:
7173:
7148:
7131:
7061:
7002:
6930:
6923:
6766:
6654:
6528:
6348:
6343:
6319:
6247:
6227:
6207:
6174:
5367:
4363:
4346:
4338:
4318:
4291:
4185:
4145:
4090:
3929:
3884:
3766:
3695:
3275:
3202:
3139:
3110:
3066:
3049:
3029:
2869:
2839:
2827:
2808:
2785:
2773:
2658:
2618:
2567:
2413:
2353:
2326:
2264:
2261:
2187:
2012:
1987:
1620:
1252:
1227:
845:
400:
274:
8368:
Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association
5910:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
5812:
Medieval Town of Rhodes – Restoration Works (1985–2000) – Part One
5738:
5454:"15 Most Intense Archaeological Discoveries in Philippine History"
5385:
Indian Castles 1206–1526: The Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate
2420:
have made large-scale fortifications obsolete in most situations.
10075:
10065:
9883:
9828:
9521:
9484:
9407:
9389:
9372:
9355:
9006:
8960:
8801:
8774:
8627:
8622:
8597:
8467:
8102:
8011:
7826:
7791:
7786:
7124:
7107:
7092:
7076:
7028:
6956:
6901:
6891:
6859:
6761:
6736:
6721:
6491:
6435:
6353:
6200:
6193:
6139:
6011:
5627:
The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira
4723:
4707:
4663:
4643:
4621:
4479:
4460:
4386:
were capable of destroying entire cities and producing dangerous
4287:
4157:
4110:
4014:
3986:
3982:
3786:
3769:'s era in Arabia, many tribes made use of fortifications. In the
3659:
3582:
3570:
3440:
3159:
3125:
3090:
3078:
3058:
2971:
2793:
2789:
2761:
2746:
2726:
2666:
2563:
2349:
2312:
2288:
2022:
1982:
1746:
1580:
1576:
923:
908:
784:
445:
440:
410:
349:
311:
10379:
10308:
10127:
10082:
9736:
9721:
9213:
8853:
8736:
8477:
8472:
8321:
8301:
8187:
8122:
8097:
7986:
7941:
7831:
7185:
6751:
6689:
6633:
6611:
6588:
6581:
6457:
6440:
6272:
6104:
6086:
6056:
5028:"The Ness of Brodgar Excavations – The 'Great Wall of Brodgar'"
4696:
4659:
4497:
4358:
4068:
4064:
4001:, were founded precisely for this purpose during the period of
3948:
3944:
3936:
3825:
3774:
3714:
3642:
3098:
3070:
2849:
2738:
2705:
2627:
2559:
2537:
2504:
2378:
2359:
2345:
1529:
930:
747:
483:
4133:
2764:, whose walls seem partially influenced by those built in the
2499:
are fortifications but are not necessarily called fortresses.
2245:'s colonial walled city and fortress were designated a UNESCO
10638:
10137:
9678:
9673:
9011:
8936:
8283:
8151:
8107:
8067:
7872:
7816:
7560:
7085:
6916:
6756:
6077:
5882:"Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value"
4334:
4052:
3848:
3844:
3829:
3377:
3178:
3045:
3037:
3025:
2942:
2757:
2637:
2544:). An example of field fortification was the construction of
2513:
2409:
2198:
1005:
541:
536:
5417:
The Cult of Draupadī: Mythologies: From Gingee to Kurukserta
5105:"Die Heuneburg an der oberen Donau: Die Siedlungsstrukturen"
4455:
the strategic value of the ground, and its defensive value.
3323:; Jaffna fort, for example, came under siege several times.
9124:
8587:
8582:
6854:
6696:
6663:
6638:
6430:
6420:
6389:
6368:
5025:
3887:
at key points. This was employed in later wars against the
3214:
2926:
2709:
2633:
2599:
2516:
to a fortification and of destroying it is commonly called
2325:
was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military
301:
296:
8353:
International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
5419:. Vol. 1. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass. p.
4977:"Organization of neolithic settlements:house construction"
4482:
that was being defended was of primary importance because
9716:
9708:
8418:
6006:
5991:
4369:
The downfall of permanent fortifications had two causes:
2279:, Malta, which were built in the 16th and 17th centuries.
2194:
174:
5002:"Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism | Sesklo"
4948:"Europe's oldest prehistoric town unearthed in Bulgaria"
4782:
4780:
4778:
4282:
and firing points in the ditch to the fort proper, with
5948:
Murray, Nicholas. "The Development of Fortifications",
5185:
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction
4075:
evolved into much lower structures with greater use of
2385:
evolved into much lower structures with greater use of
5387:(second ed.). Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p.
4274:
Much of the fort moved underground. Deep passages and
3773:, the largely outnumbered defenders of Medina, mainly
3482:
city of Manila located along the southern bank of the
3447:. The Forbidden City made up the inner portion of the
3298:; these forts were captured and later expanded by the
3150:
India currently has over 180 forts, with the state of
2830:
is another example of a Gaulish fortified settlement.
4775:
4763:
2552:
available. An example of this is the construction of
2374:
saw the creation of some towns built around castles.
5749:
5586:
4706:, which saw the use of log forts for use by forward
3154:
alone having over 70 forts, which are also known as
5618:
5338:
5270:Stearns, Peter N.; Langer, William Leonard (2001).
5077:
3522:
Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza
93:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5382:
3694:'s power, they blanketed the areas around Western
3466:Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines
3459:
3443:were established in the early 15th century by the
2876:(Taanach) where such a wall has been dated to the
2381:in the 14th century. Fortifications in the age of
5767:
5596:The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet
5341:Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
5080:Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
4220:. Built in 1878, Delimara was built as a typical
2807:were large fortified settlements used during the
10762:
2833:
2303:were the first small cities to be fortified. In
6283:
4860:"THE USE OF FENCES FOR PREDATOR DAMAGE CONTROL"
4390:. This led to the creation of civilian nuclear
3677:The Muslim Filipinos of the south built strong
3061:is fortified using baked bricks; sites such as
2685:, Malta. Borġ in-Nadur is a notable example of
2222:, Puerto Rico. The fortress and walled city of
6845:
6791:
6609:
6455:
5483:Ancient and Pre-Spanish Era of the Philippines
4919:"Bulgaria claims to find Europe's oldest town"
2797:, showing the construction technique known as
8399:
7957:
7500:
7230:
7059:
7035:
6652:
6643:
6600:
6324:
6120:
6111:
6027:
5339:Fletcher, Banister; Cruickshank, Dan (1996).
5269:
5221:
5078:Fletcher, Banister; Cruickshank, Dan (1996).
3742:
2147:
7619:
7600:
7591:
7582:
7171:
7146:
7122:
7083:
7074:
7026:
7012:
6983:
6954:
6945:
6921:
6882:
6687:
6668:
6586:
6535:
6526:
6482:
6473:
6464:
6401:
6387:
6378:
6261:
6238:
5952:, Gordon Martel (ed.). WileyBlackwell, 2011.
5743:African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction
5739:"Two thousand years of West African history"
5697:
5695:
5665:Gates, Henry Louis; Appiah, Anthony (1999).
4235:In response, military engineers evolved the
3975:fortifications of the Castle Harbour Islands
3797:to attack the city from the south. However,
2356:and command a specific defensive territory.
2275:Early 20th-century aerial photograph of the
6270:
6252:
6198:
6184:
6102:
6093:
6084:
6075:
6066:
5804:
5664:
5592:
5411:
5378:
5376:
5370:word for "inaccessible place", hence "fort"
5155:"The Casemate Wall System of Khirbat Safra"
4382:were used against fortifications. By 1950,
4326:, built in the 1930s. Due to the threat of
4270:and firing points in the ditch to the fort.
3812:and sought refuge in the fortress of Taif.
2898:Roman military frontiers and fortifications
2760:built large fortified settlements known as
2741:built two parallel stone walls, called the
2621:a walled fortified settlement today called
2462:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2207:
2201:
2193:designed for the defense of territories in
8406:
8392:
7964:
7950:
6034:
6020:
5736:
5730:
5644:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 83.
5123:"Erforschung und Geschichte der Heuneburg"
4313:
4053:Development after introduction of firearms
3951:, which emerged in the 9th century in the
2745:, that reached their fortified seaport at
2729:(famous for the huge stone blocks of its '
2665:deployed large labour forces to build new
2520:or siege warfare and is formally known as
2154:
2140:
5701:
5692:
5547:
5051:
4475:defences, seeking to crush them utterly.
4357:in Malta. Despite this, only underground
3757:Map of the defences available during the
2609:From very early history to modern times,
2482:Learn how and when to remove this message
2315:(known for the huge stone blocks of its '
2295:From very early history to modern times,
153:Learn how and when to remove this message
10229:List of military strategies and concepts
8363:Mason Contractors Association of America
5599:, Darussalam Publications, p. 481,
5373:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5140:
4673:
4502:North American Aerospace Defense Command
4488:
4417:
4317:
4257:
4207:
4132:
4095:
3965:
3919:
3752:
3649:
3340:
3269:
3184:
3168:
3130:
2999:
2901:
2843:
2779:
2676:
2586:
2282:
2270:
2252:
2233:
2214:
1118:List of military strategies and concepts
8358:Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland
5915:
5639:
5226:"Syro-Palestinian art and architecture"
4786:
4769:
4745:
4525:be had underwater, too, in the form of
4255:could be withdrawn into the gatehouse.
3924:Medieval defensive walls and towers in
3625:
2613:have been a necessity for many cities.
14:
10763:
5855:
5824:
5593:Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005),
5274:. Houghton Mifflin Books. p. 17.
3306:occupied these Dutch forts during the
3004:Defensive wall of the ancient city of
2977:
2721:, large stone walls had been built in
2653:wall surrounded the ancient temple of
2307:, large stone walls had been built in
8387:
7945:
6015:
5837:from the original on 15 November 2015
5476:
5311:
5137:
5102:
4822:
4717:
4633:
4550:
4345:have made large-scale fortifications
4156:with tier upon tier of hornworks and
3737:
3057:has stone-built fortification walls,
2644:) is one of the world's oldest known
41:For the locality in New Zealand, see
10745:
8413:
5886:UNESCO World Heritage Centre website
5554:
5535:from the original on 16 October 2014
5343:. Architectural Press. p. 100.
4089:This placed a heavy emphasis on the
3540:Fuerte dela Concepcion y del Triunfo
2672:
2460:adding citations to reliable sources
2427:
2287:Aerial photograph of Fort Vossegat,
91:adding citations to reliable sources
62:
10689:Idealism in international relations
7426:Weapons Storage and Security System
5825:Mifsud, Simon (14 September 2012).
5669:. Basic Civitas Books. p. 97.
5173:
5082:. Architectural Press. p. 20.
4857:
4518:intercontinental ballistic missiles
3713:in Luzon, later became the City of
24:
6041:
5737:MacEachern, Scott (January 2005).
5615:Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD
5464:from the original on 15 March 2015
5215:
3928:, Poland, made of field stone and
3903:
3493:Partial listing of Spanish forts:
3012:A number of forts dating from the
25:
10802:
5985:
5153:Emswiler, Elizabeth Anne (2020).
5026:The Ness of Brodgar Excavations.
4410:. This was not the case with the
3069:fortifications with bastions and
2974:(AD 76–138) in AD 122.
10744:
10734:
10733:
7971:
7925:
7924:
5916:Jackson, Louis Charles (1911). "
5903:
5624:
4864:University of Nebraska - Lincoln
4704:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
3815:
3407:to defend their cities. Notable
2963:across the width of what is now
2681:Remains of a fortified village,
2432:
192:
67:
8208:Non-explosive demolition agents
6003: (archived 5 December 2018)
5935:
5874:
5849:
5818:
5776:
5758:
5683:
5658:
5640:Bianchi, Robert Steven (2004).
5633:
5613:from the original on 2016-04-19
5561:Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman
5521:
5495:
5446:
5437:
5405:
5357:
5332:
5305:
5288:
5263:
5254:
5245:
5206:
5115:
5096:
5071:
5060:from the original on 2013-05-01
5045:
5034:from the original on 2013-04-28
5019:
5008:from the original on 2013-01-02
4994:
4983:from the original on 2013-07-22
4958:from the original on 2013-06-11
4800:"Field fortification | warfare"
4191:
4071:. Fortifications in the age of
3749:List of expeditions of Muhammad
3654:An American flag raised at the
3636:Architecture of the Philippines
3460:Spanish colonial fortifications
3124:has defensive walls and square
2891:
2669:, temples and defensive walls.
2423:
2329:, and is the equivalent of the
78:needs additional citations for
27:Military defensive construction
5973:, 1500–1800, Routledge: 1999,
5492:. Accessed September 04, 2008.
5241:– via Britannica Online.
4969:
4940:
4911:
4878:
4851:
4816:
4792:
3860:Guinness Book of Records, 1974
3729:: The capital and seat of the
3666:, a walled city within Manila.
3608:Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental
3454:
2860:is used in the archaeology of
2725:, such as the ancient site of
2594:tomb brick showing gate towers
2548:by George Washington in 1754.
2311:, such as the ancient site of
2239:Castillo San Felipe de Barajas
13:
1:
7321:British "hedgehog" road block
5896:
4736:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
4565:Aircraft can be protected by
3943:were the main antecedents of
3370:
3114:
2834:Bronze and Iron Age Near East
2820:
2582:
2220:Castillo San Felipe del Morro
8373:Worshipful Company of Masons
5918:Fortification and Siegecraft
4925:. 2012-11-01. Archived from
4511:Battle of the Hurtgen Forest
3658:, 1898. Fort Santiago was a
3542:, Ozamiz, Misamis Occidental
3433:walled villages of Hong Kong
3259:
3120:) in present-day south-east
2848:An ancient casemate wall at
7:
10211:Operational manoeuvre group
7731:Cities with defensive walls
7316:Defensive fighting position
7231:
7036:
6846:
6792:
6653:
6644:
6610:
6601:
6456:
5858:History of the Maginot Line
5704:Journal of World Prehistory
5629:. Vol. 4. p. 142.
5383:Nossov, Konstantin (2012).
5129:(in German). Archived from
3883:was to create powerful log
3577:Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro
3449:Beijing city fortifications
3357:Large tempered earth (i.e.
1611:Military–industrial complex
1090:Operational manoeuvre group
58:Stronghold (disambiguation)
10:
10807:
10644:Peace and conflict studies
10533:Infantry fighting vehicles
9072:Front; Russian land forces
5971:Warfare in Atlantic Africa
5801:), No. 37, 2009, pp. 50–78
4749:
4575:hardened aircraft shelters
4154:star shaped fortifications
4056:
4019:Rocca di Manerba del Garda
3913:
3907:
3819:
3789:(consisting of horses and
3746:
3743:During Muhammad's lifetime
3629:
3590:Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur
3546:Fuerza de San Antonio Abad
3463:
3435:. The famous walls of the
3411:include the city walls of
3330:
3280:Kashyapa I of Anuradhapura
3263:
3020:are found in the mainland
2981:
2895:
2837:
2577:
2277:fortifications of Valletta
2267:was first built in 600 BC.
47:
43:Fortification, New Zealand
40:
29:
10731:
10699:International cooperation
10631:
10606:
10473:
10466:
10388:
10307:
10219:
10171:
10046:
9922:
9707:
9669:Combat information center
9646:
9567:
9477:
9206:
9199:
9130:Infantry fighting vehicle
9080:
8912:Unified combatant command
8882:
8745:
8557:
8425:
8345:
8294:
8231:
8198:Lewis (lifting appliance)
8165:
8055:
7979:
7915:
7845:
7769:
7713:
7647:
7533:
7438:
7361:Hardened aircraft shelter
7336:Entry control point (ECP)
7248:
7159:
6875:
6868:
6300:
6049:
5945:, Charles Scribner, 1975.
5716:10.1007/s10963-006-9003-y
5642:Daily Life of the Nubians
5260:Emswiler (2020), pp. 4–5.
5212:Emswiler (2020), pp. 7–9.
4954:. Bbc.co.uk. 2012-10-31.
4535:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
4494:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
3879:A military tactic of the
3838:
3606:Laguindingan Watchtower,
3392:had been built since the
3316:Ceylon Garrison Artillery
3042:Indus Valley Civilization
2992:List of forts in Pakistan
2301:Indus Valley Civilization
1675:Loss-of-strength gradient
532:Combat information center
54:Fortress (disambiguation)
10614:Lists of wars by country
10056:List of military tactics
9174:Self-propelled artillery
9062:Special units by nation:
8505:Protocols and structure:
7858:Continuity of government
5831:MilitaryArchitecture.com
5056:. Ancient-wisdom.co.uk.
4756:
4669:
4537:. On the ground itself,
4298:intervals between them.
4172:, the fortifications of
4124:Giovanni Battista Zanchi
4115:fortifications of Rhodes
3600:Guinsiliban Watchtower,
3596:Bacolod, Lanao del Norte
3504:Cuartel de Santo Domingo
3337:List of castles in China
3326:
3158:, many of them built by
2906:An interior view of the
2630:in Greece from 6800 BC.
2602:for security from large
1993:Military science fiction
1478:Technology and equipment
899:List of military tactics
30:Not to be confused with
10711:International relations
10704:Crimes against humanity
9351:Other infantry weapons:
9067:Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy
8638:Functional specialties:
7680:Motte-and-bailey castle
7386:Missile launch facility
7381:Main line of resistance
6076:
5950:The Encyclopedia of War
5927:Encyclopædia Britannica
5566:Oxford University Press
5231:Encyclopædia Britannica
5127:Celtic Museum Heuneburg
5004:. Odysseus.culture.gr.
4804:Encyclopedia Britannica
4640:forward operating bases
4509:line. For example, the
4314:20th and 21st centuries
4304:Séré de Rivières system
3662:that was a part of the
3588:Fuerte de Alfonso XII,
3518:, Cagayancillo, Palawan
2784:Reconstructed walls of
2061:Wartime sexual violence
1817:Full-spectrum dominance
1628:Supply-chain management
10786:Military installations
10679:Conscientious objector
8787:Special reconnaissance
8527:Awards and decorations
7756:Military installations
7620:
7601:
7592:
7583:
7501:
7172:
7147:
7123:
7113:Scarp and Counterscarp
7084:
7075:
7060:
7027:
7013:
6984:
6955:
6946:
6922:
6883:
6688:
6669:
6587:
6536:
6527:
6483:
6474:
6465:
6402:
6388:
6379:
6325:
6284:
6271:
6262:
6253:
6239:
6199:
6185:
6121:
6112:
6103:
6094:
6085:
6067:
5251:Emswiler (2020), p. 4.
4979:. Greek-thesaurus.gr.
4687:
4505:
4431:
4331:
4271:
4225:
4149:
4105:
3994:
3933:
3910:Medieval fortification
3762:
3667:
3516:Fuerza de Cagayancillo
3361:) walls were built in
3354:
3283:
3241:also in Rajasthan and
3198:
3182:
3147:
3128:of sun dried bricks.
3009:
2996:List of forts in Nepal
2988:List of forts in India
2914:
2853:
2812:
2690:
2595:
2554:Roman forts in England
2508:since the time of the
2292:
2280:
2268:
2250:
2231:
2208:
2202:
1973:Awards and decorations
1946:Peace through strength
1921:Low-intensity conflict
1555:Conscientious objector
1428:Area of responsibility
9699:Torpedo Data Computer
9689:Ship gun fire-control
7525:Floating water castle
7256:Admiralty scaffolding
6549:Fortified buildings (
5997:Military Architecture
5969:Thornton, John Kelly
5856:Halter, Marc (2011).
5503:"The Battle of Bayan"
5054:"The Ness of Brodgar"
4905:10.15184/aqy.2023.164
4677:
4492:
4421:
4321:
4261:
4211:
4188:being fine examples.
4144:from 18th century in
4136:
4099:
3969:
3923:
3916:Austrian walled towns
3820:Further information:
3756:
3692:Maguindanao Sultanate
3653:
3602:Guinsiliban, Camiguin
3585:, Zamboanga del Norte
3575:Fuerza de Bongabong,
3344:
3273:
3188:
3172:
3134:
3003:
2967:following a visit by
2905:
2847:
2783:
2680:
2590:
2286:
2274:
2256:
2237:
2218:
565:Torpedo data computer
555:Ship gun fire-control
50:Fort (disambiguation)
10776:Engineering barrages
10560:Specific modern wars
10508:Vehicles and weapons
10433:Military occupations
9032:Carrier strike group
8022:Massive precut stone
8017:Post-tensioned stone
7868:Subterranean warfare
6821:Viking ring fortress
5992:Fortress Study Group
5799:Fortress Study Group
5529:"The Kutawato Caves"
5109:isentosamballerer.de
5103:Focke, Arne (2006).
4823:Hirst, Paul (1997).
4746:Field fortifications
4516:After World War II,
4067:on the 14th century
4003:Eastern Colonisation
3979:St. George's Harbour
3876:on opposing forces.
3799:Muhammad's diplomacy
3771:Battle of the Trench
3759:Battle of the Trench
3709:: an outpost of the
3626:Local fortifications
3557:Fuerza de Santiago,
3528:Fuerza de San Felipe
3506:, Santa Rosa, Laguna
3421:Old City of Shanghai
3321:Sri Lankan Civil War
2912:Porta San Sebastiano
2735:classical era Greece
2456:improve this section
2091:Military occupations
1926:Military engineering
1828:Unrestricted Warfare
1685:Force multiplication
583:Military manoeuvrers
87:improve this article
18:Earthwork (military)
10723:Peace organizations
10186:Operations research
9664:Director (military)
9654:Fire-control system
8565:Command and control
8218:Stonemason's hammer
8183:Ceramic tile cutter
7685:Quadrangular castle
7421:Weapon storage area
6777:Quadrangular castle
5943:Pre-Colonial Africa
5773:Thornton, pp. 22–39
5689:Osadolor, pp. 6–294
5200:The Free Dictionary
4728:concentration camps
4699:type construction.
4608:Ayn al-Asad Airbase
4579:underground hangars
4560:hit-and-run tactics
4545:Demilitarized zones
4322:Gun emplacement in
4100:Table of a typical
3973:'s 1624 map of the
3843:The entire city of
3721:Kuta Wato/Kota Bato
3594:Fuerza de Bacolod,
3569:Fuerza de Masbate,
3534:Fuerza de San Pedro
3390:Great Wall of China
3347:Great Wall of China
3197:, Rajasthan, India.
3022:Indian subcontinent
2978:Indian subcontinent
2886:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2817:Oppidum of Manching
2540:, or sandbags (see
2247:World Heritage Site
2228:World Heritage Site
1777:Penal military unit
1762:Rules of engagement
1438:Command and control
1063:Operations research
527:Director (military)
517:Fire-control system
287:Command and control
168:Part of a series on
10181:Military operation
10148:Tactical objective
9659:Fire-control radar
9575:Military equipment
9517:Anti-ship missiles
8869:Electronic-warfare
8732:Military maneuvers
8717:Combat occupations
8493:Commanding officer
8453:Occupational roles
7416:Underground hangar
7201:Fire control tower
6998:Gunpowder magazine
6426:Butter-churn tower
5955:Murray, Nicholas.
5789:2011-07-26 at the
5488:2015-12-10 at the
5161:. pp. 1, 3–15
5159:Andrews University
4899:(396): 1381–1401.
4718:Prisons and others
4688:
4634:Counter-insurgency
4556:Military airfields
4551:Military airfields
4527:nuclear submarines
4506:
4496:is an underground
4432:
4332:
4278:now connected the
4272:
4226:
4174:Berwick-upon-Tweed
4150:
4106:
3995:
3953:Carolingian Empire
3934:
3763:
3738:Pre-Islamic Arabia
3668:
3612:Kutang San Diego,
3581:Cotta de Dapitan,
3409:Chinese city walls
3388:(618–907 AD). The
3355:
3284:
3266:Forts in Sri Lanka
3199:
3183:
3148:
3010:
3008:, Gujarat 2600 BCE
2915:
2854:
2813:
2749:a few miles away.
2691:
2596:
2368:Carolingian Empire
2319:' walls). A Greek
2293:
2281:
2269:
2251:
2232:
1886:Counter-insurgency
1807:Command of the sea
1752:Jewish laws on war
1727:Geneva Conventions
1263:Divide and conquer
1058:Military operation
1023:Tactical objective
522:Fire-control radar
499:Electronic-warfare
32:Food fortification
10781:Military strategy
10758:
10757:
10684:Anti-war movement
10627:
10626:
10619:Conflicts by time
10244:Counter-offensive
10234:Military campaign
10153:Target saturation
10103:Counterinsurgency
9752:International law
9694:Gun data computer
9563:
9562:
8900:Armies by country
8864:Close air support
8829:Aircraft carriers
8498:Executive officer
8381:
8380:
8307:Hardstone carving
8254:Polygonal masonry
8078:Decorative stones
7939:
7938:
7863:Military urbanism
7797:Fortified gateway
7670:Concentric castle
7434:
7433:
7351:Fire support base
7191:Coastal artillery
7066:(Spanish America)
6660:
6502:Concentric castle
5867:978-2-9523092-5-7
5860:. Moselle River.
5651:978-0-313-32501-4
5606:978-9960-899-55-8
5579:978-0-19-881078-0
5430:978-81-208-1000-6
5398:978-1-78096-985-5
5223:Lloyd, Seton H.F.
5030:. Orkneyjar.com.
4392:air raid shelters
4011:Venetian Republic
3957:Early Middle Ages
3731:Sultanate of Sulu
3554:, Pikit, Cotabato
3333:Chinese city wall
3312:coastal artillery
3162:, founder of the
3103:Lauria Nandangarh
2959:was built by the
2673:Bronze Age Europe
2492:
2491:
2484:
2372:Early Middle Ages
2164:
2163:
2056:Horses in warfare
2003:Anti-war movement
1906:Gunboat diplomacy
1896:Disaster response
1844:Philosophy of war
1839:Principles of war
1812:Deterrence theory
1757:Right of conquest
1680:Lanchester's laws
1448:Principles of war
1138:Counter-offensive
1123:Military campaign
1028:Target saturation
951:Counterinsurgency
560:Gun data computer
494:Close air support
456:Aircraft carriers
163:
162:
155:
137:
16:(Redirected from
10798:
10748:
10747:
10737:
10736:
10714:
10597:
10588:
10579:
10570:
10554:
10545:
10536:
10527:
10518:
10504:
10495:
10486:
10471:
10470:
10413:Military tactics
10254:Defence in depth
10108:Defeat in detail
9804:Armoured warfare
9742:Military science
9532:Close-in weapons
9204:
9203:
9115:Wheeled vehicles
9110:Tracked vehicles
8907:Chain of command
8570:Defense ministry
8408:
8401:
8394:
8385:
8384:
8213:Plug and feather
8063:Artificial stone
7966:
7959:
7952:
7943:
7942:
7928:
7927:
7921:
7812:National redoubt
7741:Fortified estate
7665:Circular rampart
7625:
7606:
7597:
7588:
7506:
7266:Anti-tank trench
7261:Air raid shelter
7236:
7196:Disappearing gun
7177:
7152:
7128:
7089:
7080:
7065:
7041:
7032:
7018:
6989:
6960:
6951:
6927:
6888:
6873:
6872:
6851:
6831:Bailey (or ward)
6797:
6702:Motte-and-bailey
6693:
6674:
6658:
6650:
6649:
6615:
6606:
6592:
6541:
6532:
6488:
6479:
6470:
6461:
6407:
6393:
6384:
6330:
6287:
6276:
6267:
6258:
6244:
6204:
6190:
6130:Circular rampart
6126:
6117:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6072:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6013:
6012:
5931:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5890:
5889:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5808:
5802:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5765:
5762:
5756:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5699:
5690:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5662:
5656:
5655:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5556:Watt, William M.
5551:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5505:. Archived from
5499:
5493:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5413:Hiltebeitel, Alf
5409:
5403:
5402:
5380:
5371:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5320:(1/4): 223–250.
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5267:
5261:
5258:
5252:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5197:
5195:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5150:
5135:
5134:
5133:on 24 June 2007.
5119:
5113:
5112:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:on April 2, 2020
4915:
4909:
4908:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4773:
4767:
4445:defence in depth
4198:explosive shells
4176:and the harbour
4021:(Lombardy), and
3897:Kingdom of Kongo
3834:Qalat (fortress)
3810:Battle of Hunayn
3781:Muhammad, dug a
3563:Fuerza de Jolo,
3559:Romblon, Romblon
3524:, Zamboanga City
3400:(1368–1644 AD).
3375:
3372:
3231:Ranthambhor Fort
3119:
3116:
2965:northern England
2931:Theodosian Walls
2825:
2822:
2723:Mycenaean Greece
2487:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2436:
2428:
2401:explosive shells
2309:Mycenaean Greece
2211:
2205:
2156:
2149:
2142:
1911:Humanitarian aid
1849:Security dilemma
1670:Power projection
1453:Economy of force
1433:Chain of command
1148:Defence in depth
1133:Commerce raiding
956:Defeat in detail
292:Defense ministry
196:
187:
186:
177:
165:
164:
158:
151:
147:
144:
138:
136:
95:
71:
63:
21:
10806:
10805:
10801:
10800:
10799:
10797:
10796:
10795:
10761:
10760:
10759:
10754:
10727:
10708:
10694:Humanitarianism
10623:
10602:
10591:
10582:
10573:
10567:Napoleonic Wars
10564:
10548:
10542:Modern warships
10539:
10530:
10521:
10512:
10498:
10489:
10480:
10467:Other namespace
10462:
10384:
10303:
10215:
10167:
10133:Rapid dominance
10042:
9918:
9703:
9642:
9559:
9505:Naval artillery
9485:Guided missiles
9473:
9195:
9076:
8878:
8741:
8737:Combat training
8685:Security forces
8675:Military police
8613:Airborne forces
8553:
8421:
8412:
8382:
8377:
8341:
8290:
8227:
8161:
8083:Dimension stone
8051:
7975:
7970:
7940:
7935:
7919:
7911:
7841:
7765:
7709:
7643:
7578:Imperial castle
7551:Coercion castle
7546:Coastal defence
7529:
7491:Promontory fort
7461:Hillside castle
7430:
7346:Fallout shelter
7311:Concertina wire
7291:Border security
7244:
7155:
6864:
6497:Coercion castle
6485:Cheval de frise
6467:Chemin de ronde
6315:Albarrana tower
6296:
6241:Schwedenschanze
6218:Promontory fort
6045:
6040:
6001:Wayback Machine
5988:
5938:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5868:
5854:
5850:
5840:
5838:
5827:"Fort Campbell"
5823:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5791:Wayback Machine
5781:
5777:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5759:
5755:July, pp. 11–39
5754:
5750:
5735:
5731:
5700:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5663:
5659:
5652:
5638:
5634:
5625:Muir, William.
5623:
5619:
5607:
5591:
5587:
5580:
5552:
5548:
5538:
5536:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5512:
5510:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5490:Wayback Machine
5481:
5477:
5467:
5465:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5438:
5431:
5410:
5406:
5399:
5381:
5374:
5362:
5358:
5351:
5337:
5333:
5310:
5306:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5193:
5191:
5181:"Casemate wall"
5179:
5178:
5174:
5164:
5162:
5151:
5138:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5101:
5097:
5090:
5076:
5072:
5063:
5061:
5052:Alex Whitaker.
5050:
5046:
5037:
5035:
5024:
5020:
5011:
5009:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4986:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4961:
4959:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4932:
4930:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4867:
4858:A. Wade, Dale.
4856:
4852:
4821:
4817:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4785:
4776:
4768:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4742:for example).
4740:Tower of London
4720:
4672:
4636:
4604:Jersey Barriers
4553:
4469:Battle of Kursk
4384:nuclear weapons
4316:
4276:tunnel networks
4262:The tunnels of
4196:The arrival of
4194:
4152:The result was
4061:
4055:
4007:Renaissance era
3918:
3912:
3906:
3904:Medieval Europe
3841:
3836:
3818:
3779:Islamic prophet
3751:
3745:
3740:
3711:Bruneian Empire
3702:Notable kotas:
3638:
3630:Main articles:
3628:
3618:Baluarte Luna,
3552:Fuerza de Pikit
3512:, Cuyo, Palawan
3468:
3462:
3457:
3405:defensive walls
3373:
3339:
3329:
3308:Napoleonic wars
3268:
3262:
3223:Mehrangarh Fort
3117:
3105:. The earliest
3014:Later Stone Age
2998:
2982:Main articles:
2980:
2900:
2894:
2878:16th century BC
2842:
2836:
2824: 50–30 BC
2823:
2689:fortifications.
2675:
2655:Ness of Brodgar
2585:
2580:
2488:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2453:
2437:
2426:
2399:The arrival of
2297:defensive walls
2206:("strong") and
2170:(also called a
2160:
2131:
2130:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2036:
2028:
2027:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1931:Multilateralism
1916:Law enforcement
1876:
1866:
1865:
1834:Just war theory
1792:
1782:
1781:
1732:Geneva Protocol
1702:
1692:
1691:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1596:
1586:
1585:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1423:
1413:
1412:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1298:Network-centric
1218:
1208:
1207:
1115:
1105:
1104:
1053:
1043:
1042:
991:Rapid dominance
896:
886:
885:
841:Electromagnetic
750:
740:
739:
726:
679:
627:
603:
593:
592:
588:Combat training
569:
546:
512:Combat systems:
508:
470:
466:Auxiliary ships
432:
392:
388:Military police
354:
277:
267:
266:
206:
180:
179:
178:
173:
159:
148:
142:
139:
102:"Fortification"
96:
94:
84:
72:
61:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10804:
10794:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10771:Fortifications
10756:
10755:
10732:
10729:
10728:
10726:
10725:
10720:
10715:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10674:Global studies
10671:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10649:Peace movement
10646:
10641:
10635:
10633:
10629:
10628:
10625:
10624:
10622:
10621:
10616:
10610:
10608:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10600:
10599:
10598:
10589:
10580:
10571:
10557:
10556:
10555:
10546:
10537:
10528:
10519:
10505:
10496:
10487:
10477:
10475:
10468:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10448:Related lists:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10418:History lists:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10398:Military lists
10394:
10392:
10386:
10385:
10383:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10365:Defense policy
10362:
10360:Defense budget
10357:
10352:
10350:Public policy:
10347:
10342:
10340:United Nations
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10313:
10311:
10305:
10304:
10302:
10301:
10299:Scorched earth
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10225:
10223:
10217:
10216:
10214:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10201:Deep operation
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10177:
10175:
10169:
10168:
10166:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10079:
10078:
10073:
10063:
10058:
10052:
10050:
10044:
10043:
10041:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10029:
10028:
10018:
10017:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9981:
9980:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9949:
9948:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9928:
9926:
9920:
9919:
9917:
9916:
9914:Unconventional
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9864:Disinformation
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9795:
9794:
9789:
9779:
9774:
9772:Post-classical
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9713:
9711:
9705:
9704:
9702:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9650:
9648:
9647:Combat systems
9644:
9643:
9641:
9640:
9638:Field hospital
9635:
9634:
9633:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9612:
9611:
9601:
9600:
9599:
9589:
9588:
9587:
9582:
9571:
9569:
9565:
9564:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9513:
9512:
9502:
9494:
9493:
9492:
9481:
9479:
9475:
9474:
9472:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9455:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9434:
9433:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9415:Shoulder-fired
9404:
9403:
9402:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9381:
9380:
9370:
9369:
9368:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9342:
9341:
9331:
9330:
9329:
9319:
9315:Service rifles
9311:
9310:
9309:
9299:
9294:
9286:
9285:
9284:
9274:
9273:
9272:
9262:
9261:
9260:
9250:
9249:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9228:
9223:
9222:
9221:
9210:
9208:
9201:
9197:
9196:
9194:
9193:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9181:
9171:
9170:
9169:
9164:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9143:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9101:
9100:
9090:
9084:
9082:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
9003:
9002:
8997:
8987:
8986:
8985:
8980:
8970:
8969:
8968:
8958:
8957:
8956:
8946:
8945:
8944:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8897:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8876:
8874:Reconnaissance
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8839:Auxiliary ship
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8778:
8777:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8751:
8749:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8727:Basic training
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8708:
8707:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8666:
8665:
8658:Reconnaissance
8655:
8650:
8645:
8643:Communications
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8608:Special forces
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8572:
8567:
8561:
8559:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8540:
8539:
8534:
8524:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8507:
8501:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8429:
8427:
8423:
8422:
8411:
8410:
8403:
8396:
8388:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8349:
8347:
8343:
8342:
8340:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8309:
8304:
8298:
8296:
8292:
8291:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8286:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8235:
8233:
8229:
8228:
8226:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8169:
8167:
8163:
8162:
8160:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8137:
8132:
8131:
8130:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8052:
8050:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8007:Letter cutting
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7983:
7981:
7977:
7976:
7969:
7968:
7961:
7954:
7946:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7933:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7907:
7897:
7895:Trench warfare
7892:
7890:Tunnel warfare
7887:
7886:
7885:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7773:
7771:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7746:Fortifications
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7717:
7715:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7598:
7589:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7563:
7558:
7556:Counter-castle
7553:
7548:
7543:
7541:Border barrier
7537:
7535:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7476:Lowland castle
7473:
7468:
7466:Hilltop castle
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7341:Electric fence
7338:
7333:
7331:Dragon's teeth
7328:
7326:Czech hedgehog
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7252:
7250:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7240:Wire obstacles
7237:
7228:
7226:Polygonal fort
7223:
7218:
7216:Martello tower
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7181:Border outpost
7178:
7169:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7081:
7072:
7067:
7057:
7055:Polygonal fort
7052:
7047:
7042:
7033:
7024:
7019:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6952:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6666:
6661:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6607:
6598:
6593:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6567:
6562:
6547:
6545:Flanking tower
6542:
6533:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6512:Counter-castle
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6480:
6471:
6462:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6399:
6394:
6385:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6302:Post-classical
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6292:Vitrified fort
6289:
6277:
6268:
6259:
6250:
6245:
6236:
6231:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6196:
6191:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6150:Defensive wall
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6118:
6109:
6100:
6091:
6082:
6073:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6046:
6043:Fortifications
6039:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5994:
5987:
5986:External links
5984:
5983:
5982:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5922:Chisholm, Hugh
5898:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5873:
5866:
5848:
5817:
5803:
5775:
5766:
5757:
5748:
5729:
5710:(2): 133–168.
5691:
5682:
5675:
5657:
5650:
5632:
5617:
5605:
5585:
5578:
5546:
5520:
5494:
5475:
5445:
5436:
5429:
5404:
5397:
5372:
5356:
5349:
5331:
5304:
5287:
5280:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5214:
5205:
5172:
5136:
5114:
5095:
5088:
5070:
5044:
5018:
4993:
4968:
4939:
4910:
4877:
4850:
4815:
4791:
4789:, p. 680.
4774:
4772:, p. 679.
4761:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4752:Trench warfare
4750:Main article:
4747:
4744:
4732:Theresienstadt
4719:
4716:
4680:Ozama Fortress
4671:
4668:
4635:
4632:
4571:hesco barriers
4552:
4549:
4436:trench warfare
4428:bunker busters
4416:
4415:
4400:Siegfried Line
4395:
4380:bunker busters
4351:aerial warfare
4328:aerial warfare
4315:
4312:
4264:Fort de Mutzig
4222:polygonal fort
4212:The ditch and
4193:
4190:
4168:states and in
4162:Fort Bourtange
4054:
4051:
3999:eastern Europe
3908:Main article:
3905:
3902:
3856:walls of Benin
3840:
3837:
3817:
3814:
3806:Siege of Ta'if
3747:Main article:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3718:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3620:Luna, La Union
3616:
3614:Gumaca, Quezon
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3510:Fuerza de Cuyo
3507:
3501:
3464:Main article:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3445:Yongle Emperor
3437:Forbidden City
3382:Warring States
3328:
3325:
3314:manned by the
3278:built by King
3261:
3258:
3247:Madhya Pradesh
3239:Jaisalmer Fort
3191:Jaisalmer Fort
3164:Maratha Empire
3118: 2500 BC
3107:Mauryan period
2984:Forts in India
2979:
2976:
2957:Hadrian's Wall
2935:Constantinople
2923:Aurelian Walls
2908:Aurelian walls
2896:Main article:
2893:
2890:
2882:9th century BC
2864:and the wider
2835:
2832:
2800:murus gallicus
2754:Central Europe
2737:, the city of
2719:ancient Greece
2674:
2671:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2546:Fort Necessity
2505:castrametation
2490:
2489:
2440:
2438:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2305:ancient Greece
2291:, Netherlands.
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2096:Military terms
2093:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1854:Tripwire force
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1376:Administrative
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1303:New generation
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Fleet in being
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1216:Grand strategy
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:Scorched earth
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:Deep operation
1077:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1008:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
927:
926:
921:
916:
906:
897:
892:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
881:Unconventional
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
829:
827:Disinformation
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
798:
797:
792:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
751:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
732:
725:
724:
723:
722:
721:
720:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
678:
677:
676:
675:
674:
673:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
626:
625:
624:
623:
618:
613:
604:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
585:
580:
578:Basic training
575:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
507:
506:
504:Reconnaissance
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
431:
430:
425:
423:Special forces
420:
415:
414:
413:
403:
398:
391:
390:
385:
380:
378:Reconnaissance
375:
370:
365:
360:
353:
352:
343:
338:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
278:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
247:
246:
245:
240:
230:
229:
228:
221:Post-classical
218:
213:
207:
202:
201:
198:
197:
189:
188:
170:
169:
161:
160:
75:
73:
66:
36:Fortified wine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10803:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10768:
10766:
10753:
10752:
10742:
10741:
10730:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10712:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10654:Peace process
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10636:
10634:
10630:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10611:
10609:
10605:
10595:
10590:
10586:
10581:
10577:
10572:
10568:
10563:
10562:
10561:
10558:
10552:
10547:
10543:
10538:
10534:
10529:
10525:
10520:
10516:
10511:
10510:
10509:
10506:
10502:
10497:
10493:
10488:
10484:
10479:
10478:
10476:
10472:
10469:
10465:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10395:
10393:
10391:
10387:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10319:
10315:
10314:
10312:
10310:
10306:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10226:
10224:
10222:
10218:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10196:Expeditionary
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10174:
10170:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10098:Counterattack
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10068:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10053:
10051:
10049:
10045:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10027:
10024:
10023:
10022:
10019:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9986:
9985:
9982:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9953:
9950:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9932:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9925:
9921:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9904:Psychological
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9844:Combined arms
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9784:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9710:
9706:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9645:
9639:
9636:
9632:
9629:
9628:
9627:
9626:Military base
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9610:
9607:
9606:
9605:
9602:
9598:
9595:
9594:
9593:
9590:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9577:
9576:
9573:
9572:
9570:
9566:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9539:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9527:Depth charges
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9511:
9508:
9507:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9488:
9487:
9486:
9483:
9482:
9480:
9476:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9438:
9435:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9412:
9411:
9409:
9405:
9401:
9398:
9397:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9379:
9376:
9375:
9374:
9371:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9362:
9361:Anti-tank gun
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9340:
9337:
9336:
9335:
9334:Assault rifle
9332:
9328:
9325:
9324:
9323:
9322:Battle rifles
9320:
9318:
9316:
9312:
9308:
9305:
9304:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9291:
9290:Infantry guns
9287:
9283:
9280:
9279:
9278:
9275:
9271:
9268:
9267:
9266:
9263:
9259:
9256:
9255:
9254:
9251:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9220:
9217:
9216:
9215:
9212:
9211:
9209:
9205:
9202:
9198:
9192:
9189:
9185:
9184:Anti-aircraft
9182:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9175:
9172:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9122:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8991:
8988:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8974:
8971:
8967:
8964:
8963:
8962:
8959:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8950:
8947:
8943:
8940:
8939:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8917:General staff
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8881:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8834:Landing craft
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8804:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8776:
8773:
8772:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8748:
8744:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8664:
8661:
8660:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8577:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8556:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8502:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8483:Enlisted rank
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8420:
8416:
8409:
8404:
8402:
8397:
8395:
8390:
8389:
8386:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8346:Organizations
8344:
8338:
8337:Machicolation
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8317:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8293:
8285:
8282:
8281:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8230:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8193:Diamond blade
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8173:Angle grinder
8171:
8170:
8168:
8164:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8146:
8143:
8142:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8054:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7967:
7962:
7960:
7955:
7953:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7932:
7931:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7900:Urban warfare
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7853:Civil defense
7851:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7768:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7721:Bastion forts
7719:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7705:Z-plan castle
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7675:L-plan castle
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7660:Bridge castle
7658:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7629:Refuge castle
7627:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7610:Military base
7608:
7605:
7604:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7590:
7587:
7586:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7573:Hunting lodge
7571:
7569:
7568:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7532:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7486:Moated castle
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7471:Island castle
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:By topography
7437:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7411:Submarine pen
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7366:Hesco bastion
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7281:Blast shelter
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7247:
7241:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7158:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7050:Place-of-arms
7048:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6871:
6867:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6684:
6683:Machicolation
6681:
6679:
6678:L-plan castle
6676:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6657:
6656:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6411:Bridge castle
6409:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6375:
6374:Bent entrance
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6359:Battery tower
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6310:Advanced work
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6290:
6286:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6235:
6234:Refuge castle
6232:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6037:
6032:
6030:
6025:
6023:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5941:July, Robert
5940:
5939:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5912:public domain
5901:
5900:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5869:
5863:
5859:
5852:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5813:
5807:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5752:
5744:
5740:
5733:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5698:
5696:
5686:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5653:
5647:
5643:
5636:
5628:
5621:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5589:
5581:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5550:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5509:on 2015-12-30
5508:
5504:
5498:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5479:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5449:
5440:
5432:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5400:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5379:
5377:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5352:
5350:0-7506-2267-9
5346:
5342:
5335:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5314:East and West
5308:
5297:
5291:
5283:
5281:0-395-65237-5
5277:
5273:
5266:
5257:
5248:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5224:
5218:
5209:
5201:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5176:
5160:
5156:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5091:
5089:0-7506-2267-9
5085:
5081:
5074:
5059:
5055:
5048:
5033:
5029:
5022:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4881:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4831:(33): 13–26.
4830:
4826:
4819:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4753:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4698:
4692:
4685:
4684:Santo Domingo
4681:
4676:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4596:South Vietnam
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4522:Missile silos
4519:
4514:
4512:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4413:
4409:
4408:Atlantic Wall
4405:
4401:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4355:Fort Campbell
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4325:
4324:Fort Campbell
4320:
4311:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4248:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4230:counter scarp
4223:
4219:
4218:Fort Delimara
4215:
4214:counter scarp
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3816:Islamic world
3813:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3732:
3728:
3727:Kota Sug/Jolo
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3707:Kota Selurong
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3656:Fort Santiago
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3633:
3632:Ivatan people
3621:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3530:, Cavite City
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3368:
3367:Shang dynasty
3364:
3363:ancient China
3360:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3281:
3277:
3274:Rock fort of
3272:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3083:Mahasthangarh
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:Roman Emperor
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2858:casemate wall
2851:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:Mediterranean
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2733:' walls). In
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:Borġ in-Nadur
2699:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2683:Borġ in-Nadur
2679:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2646:walled cities
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:Roman legions
2507:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2486:
2483:
2475:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2441:This section
2439:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2342:Roman legions
2338:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2260:in 1935. The
2259:
2258:Maiden Castle
2255:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:are a UNESCO
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:("to make").
2210:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:fortification
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Warrior caste
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1953:Show of force
1951:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:Peacebuilding
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:Air supremacy
1795:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Islamic rules
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1717:Court-martial
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Arms industry
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:Broken-backed
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:Expeditionary
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
946:Counterattack
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
900:
895:
890:
889:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Psychological
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Combined arms
805:
803:
800:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
749:
744:
743:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
681:
680:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:Fortification
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
632:
629:
628:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
606:
605:
602:
597:
596:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
467:
464:
462:
461:Landing craft
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
412:
409:
408:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
347:
346:Standing army
344:
342:
339:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
276:
271:
270:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
244:
241:
239:
238:pike and shot
236:
235:
234:
231:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
205:
200:
199:
195:
191:
190:
184:
176:
172:
171:
167:
166:
157:
154:
146:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104: –
103:
99:
98:Find sources:
92:
88:
82:
81:
76:This article
74:
70:
65:
64:
59:
55:
51:
44:
37:
33:
19:
10749:
10738:
10717:
10713:}}
10709:{{
10596:}}
10592:{{
10587:}}
10585:World War II
10583:{{
10578:}}
10574:{{
10569:}}
10565:{{
10559:
10553:}}
10549:{{
10544:}}
10540:{{
10535:}}
10531:{{
10526:}}
10522:{{
10517:}}
10513:{{
10507:
10503:}}
10499:{{
10494:}}
10490:{{
10485:}}
10481:{{
10447:
10417:
10397:
10369:
10355:Conscription
10349:
10330:Peace treaty
10316:
10021:Subterranean
9909:Radiological
9849:Conventional
9798:
9777:Early modern
9756:
9683:
9620:
9536:
9496:
9458:
9441:
9406:
9395:Combat knife
9385:Flamethrower
9350:
9346:Sniper rifle
9313:
9302:Machine guns
9288:
9225:
9087:
9061:
9051:
9016:
8921:
8890:Organization
8843:
8797:Naval units:
8796:
8792:Signal corps
8754:
8722:Development:
8721:
8711:
8690:Border guard
8653:Intelligence
8637:
8576:Armed Forces
8574:
8543:
8504:
8462:
8269:Tuckpointing
8223:Straightedge
8157:Stone veneer
7973:Stonemasonry
7923:
7878:Siege engine
7846:Other topics
7770:Related word
7736:Defense line
7700:Tower castle
7655:Bastion fort
7639:Urban castle
7567:Ganerbenburg
7565:
7520:Water castle
7496:Ridge castle
7481:Marsh castle
7296:Bomb shelter
7276:Belgian gate
7249:20th century
7160:19th century
7098:Retrenchment
7070:Punji sticks
6979:Entrenchment
6974:Device Forts
6941:Counterguard
6876:Early modern
6806:Tower castle
6742:Powder tower
6717:Outer bailey
6629:Inner bailey
6603:Gulyay-gorod
6571:Ganerbenburg
6569:
6565:Fujian tulou
6507:Corner tower
6446:Chamber gate
6416:Bridge tower
6264:Trou de loup
6042:
5970:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5936:Bibliography
5925:
5885:
5876:
5857:
5851:
5839:. Retrieved
5830:
5820:
5811:
5806:
5794:
5782:Harris, J.,
5778:
5769:
5760:
5751:
5742:
5732:
5707:
5703:
5685:
5666:
5660:
5641:
5635:
5626:
5620:
5595:
5588:
5560:
5549:
5537:. Retrieved
5523:
5511:. Retrieved
5507:the original
5497:
5478:
5466:. Retrieved
5457:
5448:
5439:
5416:
5407:
5384:
5363:
5359:
5340:
5334:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5290:
5271:
5265:
5256:
5247:
5235:. Retrieved
5229:
5217:
5208:
5198:– via
5192:. Retrieved
5184:
5175:
5163:. Retrieved
5131:the original
5126:
5117:
5111:(in German).
5108:
5098:
5079:
5073:
5062:. Retrieved
5047:
5036:. Retrieved
5021:
5010:. Retrieved
4996:
4985:. Retrieved
4971:
4960:. Retrieved
4951:
4942:
4931:. Retrieved
4927:the original
4922:
4913:
4896:
4890:
4880:
4870:19 September
4868:. Retrieved
4863:
4853:
4828:
4818:
4807:. Retrieved
4803:
4794:
4787:Jackson 1911
4770:Jackson 1911
4765:
4721:
4701:
4693:
4689:
4648:Camp Bastion
4637:
4629:
4626:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4600:
4592:infiltration
4586:
4583:
4564:
4554:
4543:
4515:
4507:
4484:open terrain
4477:
4465:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4412:Maginot Line
4376:World War II
4368:
4333:
4308:
4306:in France).
4300:
4296:
4273:
4249:
4242:
4234:
4227:
4195:
4192:19th century
4151:
4142:sea fortress
4128:
4118:
4107:
4102:bastion fort
4088:
4073:black powder
4062:
4025:(Italy), or
3996:
3935:
3894:
3878:
3859:
3853:
3842:
3822:Caravanserai
3803:
3795:Banu Qurayza
3764:
3701:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3669:
3641:
3639:
3492:
3488:World War II
3469:
3402:
3398:Ming dynasty
3386:Tang dynasty
3359:rammed earth
3356:
3292:Indian Ocean
3285:
3254:Arthashastra
3251:
3243:Gwalior Fort
3219:Chittor Fort
3200:
3175:Ranikot Fort
3155:
3149:
3095:Ahichchhatra
3075:Mohenjo-daro
3024:(modern day
3011:
2961:Roman Empire
2955:
2947:Newport Arch
2916:
2892:Ancient Rome
2857:
2855:
2814:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2751:
2708:and ancient
2692:
2632:
2608:
2597:
2558:
2550:
2526:
2522:poliorcetics
2503:
2501:
2493:
2478:
2472:January 2013
2469:
2454:Please help
2442:
2424:Nomenclature
2398:
2383:black powder
2376:
2358:
2339:
2320:
2294:
2241:, Colombia.
2224:Old San Juan
2191:construction
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2066:Fifth column
2046:War resister
2041:Women in war
1936:Peacekeeping
1881:Arms control
1826:
1515:Mobilization
1510:Conscription
1468:Intelligence
1421:Organization
1067:
996:Encirclement
876:Radiological
812:Conventional
666:Subterranean
645:
573:Development:
572:
549:
511:
473:
436:Naval units:
435:
428:Signal corps
395:
373:Intelligence
358:Specialties:
357:
282:Organization
233:Early modern
149:
143:January 2013
140:
130:
123:
116:
109:
97:
85:Please help
80:verification
77:
10718:Categories:
10659:Disarmament
10576:World War I
10335:Cooperation
10249:Culminating
10173:Operational
10118:Envelopment
10038:Information
9957:Cold-region
9924:Battlespace
9782:Late modern
9762:Prehistoric
9684:Historical:
9621:Facilities:
9147:Armored car
9022:Naval fleet
8760:Combat arms
8755:Land units:
8712:Categories:
8695:Coast guard
8680:Gendarmerie
8603:Space force
8544:Categories:
8458:Recruitment
8178:Bush hammer
8113:Lime mortar
7992:Rustication
7777:Castle town
7634:Toll castle
7603:Lustschloss
7585:Kaiserpfalz
7515:Spur castle
7510:Rock castle
7451:Hill castle
7446:Cave castle
7406:Spider hole
7306:Bremer wall
7271:Barbed tape
7167:Barbed wire
6841:Witch tower
6811:Tower house
6801:Toll castle
6787:Shield wall
6707:Murder hole
6596:Guard tower
6213:Pincer gate
6160:Faussebraye
5745:. Academia.
5189:McGraw-Hill
4656:Afghanistan
4652:Leatherneck
4642:up to huge
4404:Stalin Line
4343:World War I
4280:blockhouses
4268:blockhouses
4245:blockhouses
4182:Suomenlinna
4178:archipelago
4160:, of which
4138:Suomenlinna
4117:which were
4069:battlefield
3937:Roman forts
3804:During the
3484:Pasig River
3472:Spanish Era
3470:During the
3455:Philippines
3394:Qin dynasty
3374: 1600
3351:Jinshanling
3152:Maharashtra
3122:Afghanistan
3087:Pataliputra
3018:British Raj
2939:Porta Nigra
2657:3200 BC in
2650:Nile Valley
2642:Mesopotamia
2636:in ancient
2592:Han dynasty
2572:Carcassonne
2534:breastworks
2418:World War I
2360:Roman forts
2051:War studies
1874:Non-warfare
1802:Appeasement
1767:Martial law
1606:War economy
1545:Transgender
1498:Recruitment
1258:Containment
1143:Culminating
1051:Operational
971:Envelopment
914:Air assault
795:Air cavalry
755:Air defence
735:Information
636:Cold-region
601:Battlespace
550:Historical:
396:Land units:
322:Space force
317:Coast guard
250:Late modern
211:Prehistoric
10765:Categories
10607:Categories
10453:War crimes
10438:Operations
10375:Government
10191:Blitzkrieg
10163:Withdrawal
10014:Underwater
9989:Amphibious
9931:Aerospace
9874:Electronic
9824:Camouflage
9819:Biological
9792:fourth-gen
9787:industrial
9616:Body armor
9604:Camouflage
9585:By country
9430:By country
9241:By country
9226:Artillery:
9140:By country
9057:Combat box
9027:Task force
8995:By country
8978:By country
8932:Field army
8927:Army group
8895:By country
8844:Air units:
8824:Submarines
8705:By country
8532:By country
8448:Technology
8332:Stone wall
8259:Repointing
8232:Techniques
8088:Fieldstone
8073:Cast stone
8027:Monumental
7802:Gatekeeper
7622:Ordensburg
7594:Landesburg
7401:Sentry gun
7356:Flak tower
7286:Blast wall
7206:Gun turret
7103:Sally port
7008:Kotta mara
6948:Couvreface
6912:Breastwork
6907:Blockhouse
6885:Abwurfdach
6836:Watchtower
6826:Wall tower
6782:Shell keep
6732:Portcullis
6727:Peel tower
6712:Neck ditch
6671:Landesburg
6619:Half tower
6577:Gate tower
6522:Drawbridge
6364:Battlement
6280:Wagon fort
6123:Chengqiang
5979:1857283937
5897:References
5676:0195170555
5568:. p.
5458:FilipiKnow
5165:22 October
5064:2013-05-04
5038:2013-05-04
5012:2013-05-04
4987:2013-05-04
4962:2013-05-04
4933:2013-05-04
4809:2021-01-23
4567:revetments
4539:minefields
4406:, and the
4353:, such as
4202:Star forts
4057:See also:
4017:(Cyprus),
3971:John Smith
3941:hill forts
3914:See also:
3867:concealed
3864:Yorubaland
3679:fortresses
3664:Intramuros
3565:Jolo, Sulu
3498:Intramuros
3478:, the old
3476:Intramuros
3365:since the
3331:See also:
3296:Portuguese
3264:See also:
3181:, Pakistan
3144:Sindhudurg
3063:Kalibangan
3034:Bangladesh
2838:See also:
2743:Long Walls
2695:Bronze Age
2687:Bronze Age
2623:Solnitsata
2615:Amnya Fort
2604:carnivores
2583:Early uses
2530:mechanical
2518:siegecraft
2405:Star forts
2364:hill forts
2184:stronghold
2111:War crimes
2101:Operations
2008:Foot drill
1978:Battle cry
1891:deterrence
1550:Harassment
1525:Specialism
1348:Technology
1343:Succession
1288:Liberation
1223:Asymmetric
1158:Empty fort
1069:Blitzkrieg
1038:Withdrawal
1001:Investment
780:Camouflage
775:Biological
713:Underwater
688:Amphibious
607:Aerospace
474:Air units:
451:Submarines
260:fourth-gen
255:industrial
243:napoleonic
113:newspapers
10474:Templates
10345:Mediation
10325:Alliances
10318:Diplomacy
10294:Offensive
10274:Defensive
10269:Deception
10239:Attrition
10123:Guerrilla
10071:Airbridge
9889:Loitering
9809:Artillery
9747:Diplomacy
9568:Equipment
9522:Torpedoes
9464:Land mine
9420:Anti-tank
9253:Field gun
9231:Artillery
9167:Gun truck
9152:Scout car
8990:Battalion
8883:Structure
8782:Artillery
8700:Logistics
8648:Engineers
8593:Air force
8327:Sculpture
8316:Footstone
8312:Headstone
8279:Brickwork
8264:Scabbling
8244:Flushwork
8140:Sandstone
8118:Limestone
8093:Flagstone
8056:Materials
8037:Sculpture
8002:Dry stone
7905:Guerrilla
7648:By design
7396:Revetment
7211:Land mine
7142:Star fort
6969:Crownwork
6964:Covertway
6897:Barricade
6538:Embrasure
6451:Chartaque
6381:Bergfried
6339:Arrowslit
6165:Gatehouse
6135:City gate
6096:Castellum
6062:Acropolis
5724:144422848
4892:Antiquity
4837:0261-6823
4712:companies
4610:in Iraq.
4531:Gibraltar
4388:radiation
4364:landmarks
4292:casemates
4284:magazines
4252:caponiers
4237:polygonal
4148:, Finland
4126:in 1554.
4027:Dubrovnik
4023:Palmanova
3991:New World
3926:Szprotawa
3885:stockades
3874:crossfire
3647:arrived.
3288:Sri Lanka
3286:Forts in
3260:Sri Lanka
3235:Amer Fort
3227:Rajasthan
3207:Old Delhi
3195:Jaisalmer
3079:Kaushambi
3055:Dholavira
3006:Dholavira
2866:Near East
2856:The term
2770:Heuneburg
2731:cyclopean
2663:Assyrians
2512:. Laying
2443:does not
2334:castellum
2322:phrourion
2317:cyclopean
2243:Cartagena
1998:War novel
1901:Grey-zone
1861:War games
1822:Overmatch
1772:War crime
1722:Desertion
1712:Ceasefire
1707:Armistice
1594:Logistics
1572:Mercenary
1560:Volunteer
1491:Personnel
1463:Engineers
1408:Sociology
1363:World war
1358:Total war
1338:Strategic
1328:Religious
1313:Political
1308:Perpetual
1283:Irregular
1198:Offensive
1173:Defensive
1168:Deception
1128:Attrition
981:Guerrilla
976:Formation
919:Airbridge
851:Loitering
765:Artillery
418:Artillery
368:Engineers
336:Irregular
307:Air force
10740:Category
10664:Pacifism
10594:Cold War
10551:Aircraft
10370:Related:
10221:Strategy
10206:Maneuver
10143:Swarming
9972:Mountain
9940:Airborne
9879:Infantry
9834:Chemical
9799:By type:
9727:Strategy
9550:Missiles
9478:Sea/Air:
9447:Infantry
9408:Missiles
9265:Howitzer
9081:Vehicles
9047:Squadron
9042:Flotilla
9037:Division
8973:Regiment
8949:Division
8849:Fighters
8812:Littoral
8802:Warships
8765:Infantry
8747:Branches
8633:Reserves
8618:Commando
8522:Uniforms
8433:Military
8426:Concepts
8415:Military
8295:Products
8249:Knapping
8042:Slipform
7930:Category
7920:See also
7807:Loophole
7695:Ringwork
7690:Ringfort
7615:Obstacle
7456:Hillfort
7376:Loophole
7174:Barbette
7149:Tenaille
7132:Sea fort
7062:Presidio
7022:Magazine
7003:Hornwork
6936:Cavalier
6931:Casemate
6924:Caponier
6767:Ringwork
6655:Detinets
6624:Hoarding
6529:Enceinte
6404:Bretèche
6349:Bartizan
6344:Barbican
6320:Alcazaba
6248:Stockade
6228:Ringfort
6208:Palisade
6180:Landwehr
6175:Hillfort
5841:15 March
5835:Archived
5787:Archived
5611:archived
5558:(1974).
5539:17 March
5533:Archived
5513:17 March
5486:Archived
5468:17 March
5462:Archived
5415:(1991).
5368:Sanskrit
5326:29757611
5058:Archived
5032:Archived
5006:Archived
4981:Archived
4956:Archived
4952:BBC News
4923:NBC News
4845:29544045
4829:AA Files
4738:and the
4708:platoons
4646:such as
4644:airbases
4533:and the
4500:used by
4461:brigades
4347:obsolete
4339:concrete
4186:Helsinki
4158:bastions
4146:Helsinki
4091:geometry
4084:ramparts
4035:PoÄŤitelj
4031:Ottomans
3930:bog iron
3767:Muhammad
3696:Mindanao
3548:, Manila
3500:, Manila
3431:and the
3413:Hangzhou
3276:Sigiriya
3211:Red Fort
3203:Red Fort
3146:, India.
3140:sea fort
3126:bastions
3111:Mundigak
3067:mudbrick
3065:exhibit
3050:Kot Diji
3030:Pakistan
2929:and the
2870:Hittites
2840:Casemate
2828:Bibracte
2809:Iron Age
2786:Bibracte
2774:mudbrick
2659:Scotland
2619:Provadia
2414:concrete
2394:ramparts
2327:garrison
2265:hillfort
2262:Iron Age
2188:military
2180:fastness
2176:fortress
2013:War song
1988:War film
1621:Materiel
1540:Children
1520:Training
1458:Medicine
1443:Doctrine
1398:Training
1333:Resource
1318:Princely
1268:Economic
1253:Conquest
1248:Colonial
1243:Cold war
1228:Blockade
1113:Strategy
1085:Maneuver
846:Infantry
802:Chemical
656:Mountain
616:Airborne
479:Fighters
446:Warships
401:Infantry
327:Reserves
275:Military
10751:Commons
10669:DĂ©tente
10632:Related
10524:Weapons
10492:Weapons
10458:Writers
10428:Battles
10408:Weapons
10113:Foxhole
10088:Cavalry
10076:Airdrop
10066:Airlift
10048:Tactics
10009:Surface
9899:Nuclear
9884:Lawfare
9829:Cavalry
9814:Barrage
9767:Ancient
9757:By era:
9732:Tactics
9709:Warfare
9390:Bayonet
9373:Grenade
9356:Bazooka
9297:Pistols
9246:Battery
9214:Weapons
9200:Weapons
9088:Ground:
9007:Platoon
9000:By type
8983:By type
8966:By type
8961:Brigade
8859:Command
8854:Bombers
8807:Surface
8775:Cavalry
8670:Medical
8628:Militia
8623:Frogman
8598:Marines
8537:Highest
8488:Officer
8468:Soldier
8443:History
8438:Service
8239:Flaming
8103:Granite
8047:Snecked
8012:Masonry
7997:Carving
7837:Vedette
7827:Schloss
7792:Festung
7787:Dungeon
7782:Château
7726:Castles
7534:By role
7391:Pillbox
7221:Outpost
7137:Station
7125:Schanze
7108:Sandbag
7093:Redoubt
7077:Ravelin
7045:Palanka
7029:Orillon
7015:Lunette
6957:Coupure
6902:Bastion
6892:Arsenal
6860:Zwinger
6772:Roundel
6762:Ricetto
6737:Postern
6722:Outwork
6646:Kremlin
6517:Curtain
6492:Citadel
6476:Chemise
6436:Caltrop
6354:Bastion
6327:Alcázar
6223:Rampart
6201:Oppidum
6194:Nuraghe
6140:Crannog
6114:Castros
6050:Ancient
6007:ICOFORT
5999:at the
5924:(ed.).
5914::
5366:is the
5237:16 July
5194:16 July
4724:prisons
4664:sandbag
4622:sandbag
4587:expense
4480:terrain
4366:today.
4359:bunkers
4288:parapet
4170:Britain
4111:ravelin
4077:ditches
4065:cannons
4039:Vratnik
4015:Nicosia
3989:in the
3987:England
3983:Bermuda
3961:ditches
3945:castles
3889:British
3881:Ashanti
3869:ditches
3787:cavalry
3777:led by
3775:Muslims
3765:During
3681:called
3672:Igorots
3660:citadel
3583:Dapitan
3571:Masbate
3441:Beijing
3417:Nanjing
3304:British
3160:Shivaji
3137:Maratha
3091:Mathura
3059:Harrapa
3016:to the
2972:Hadrian
2951:Lincoln
2874:Ti'inik
2794:oppidum
2790:Gaulish
2747:Piraeus
2727:Mycenae
2667:palaces
2578:History
2564:monarch
2560:Castles
2464:removed
2449:sources
2387:ditches
2379:cannons
2350:monarch
2346:Castles
2313:Mycenae
2289:Utrecht
2195:warfare
2186:) is a
2126:Writers
2121:Weapons
2086:Battles
2035:Related
2023:Wargame
2018:Uniform
1966:Culture
1747:Perfidy
1742:Justice
1663:Science
1648:Outpost
1601:History
1581:Warrior
1577:Soldier
1565:foreign
1503:counter
1403:Service
1353:Theater
1293:Limited
1273:Endemic
1188:Nuclear
961:Foxhole
936:Cavalry
924:Airdrop
909:Airlift
894:Tactics
866:Nuclear
856:Missile
785:Cavalry
770:Barrage
748:Weapons
708:Surface
489:Command
484:Bombers
441:Frogman
411:Cavalry
383:Medical
350:Militia
332:Regular
312:Marines
226:castles
216:Ancient
204:History
183:outline
127:scholar
10743:
10443:Sieges
10380:Nation
10309:Policy
10264:Mosaic
10259:Fabian
10158:Trench
10128:Morale
10093:Charge
10083:Battle
10061:Aerial
10026:Tunnel
9967:Jungle
9962:Desert
9859:Denial
9737:Combat
9722:Battle
9592:Helmet
9538:Aerial
9469:Shells
9459:Other:
9442:Lists:
9437:Mortar
9277:Rocket
9105:Combat
9093:Ground
9017:Naval:
8817:Patrol
8558:Forces
8478:Airman
8473:Sailor
8463:Roles:
8322:Mosaic
8302:Castle
8274:Veneer
8203:Trowel
8188:Chisel
8135:Mortar
8123:Marble
8098:Gabion
8032:Rubble
7987:Ashlar
7832:Trench
7822:Picket
7233:Sangar
7186:Bunker
7118:Sconce
7038:Ostrog
6986:Flèche
6869:Modern
6848:Yagura
6816:Turret
6752:Reduit
6690:Merlon
6634:Kasbah
6612:Gusuku
6589:Glacis
6582:Gabion
6551:church
6458:Chashi
6441:Castle
6285:Laager
6273:Vallum
6230:(Rath)
6105:Castra
6087:Burgus
6057:Abatis
5977:
5920:". In
5908:
5864:
5722:
5673:
5648:
5603:
5576:
5427:
5395:
5347:
5324:
5278:
5086:
4843:
4835:
4697:gabion
4660:gabion
4498:bunker
4473:Soviet
4424:GBU-24
4402:, the
4166:Nordic
4119:frozen
4047:Bosnia
4041:, and
4009:, the
3955:. The
3949:Europe
3839:Africa
3832:, and
3826:Kasbah
3791:camels
3783:trench
3715:Manila
3643:idjang
3536:, Cebu
3480:walled
3425:Suzhou
3419:, the
3302:. The
3229:, the
3217:, the
3209:, the
3101:, and
3099:Rajgir
3071:Lothal
2994:, and
2919:Romans
2862:Israel
2850:Masada
2805:Oppida
2762:oppida
2756:, the
2739:Athens
2715:mortar
2706:Sparta
2628:Sesklo
2542:sangar
2538:timber
2370:. The
2209:facere
2203:fortis
2106:Sieges
1790:Theory
1530:Morale
1388:Policy
1383:Branch
1163:Mosaic
1153:Fabian
1100:Covert
1033:Trench
1018:Screen
941:Charge
931:Battle
904:Aerial
822:Denial
790:Horses
718:Seabed
671:Tunnel
651:Jungle
641:Desert
611:Aerial
129:
122:
115:
108:
100:
56:, and
10791:Forts
10639:Peace
10515:Tanks
10501:Ranks
10390:Lists
10289:Naval
10279:Depth
10138:Siege
10033:Cyber
10004:Green
9999:Brown
9977:Urban
9945:Space
9894:Music
9869:Drone
9854:Cyber
9839:Class
9679:Radar
9674:Sonar
9631:Lists
9580:Lists
9555:Bombs
9498:Naval
9452:Heavy
9157:Truck
9135:Lists
9120:Armor
9012:Squad
8937:Corps
8922:Land:
8770:Armor
8549:Ranks
8510:Ranks
8284:Wythe
8166:Tools
8152:Slate
8128:Types
8108:Grout
8068:Brick
7980:Types
7873:Siege
7817:Palas
7761:Walls
7751:Forts
7714:Lists
7561:Fence
7503:Rocca
7371:Kabal
7086:Redan
6993:Gorge
6917:Canal
6794:Shiro
6757:Ribat
6747:Qalat
6559:Dzong
6555:house
6255:Sudis
6187:Limes
6145:Ditch
6078:Broch
6069:Agger
5720:S2CID
5364:Durga
5322:JSTOR
5299:(PDF)
4841:JSTOR
4757:Notes
4670:Forts
4337:-and-
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3849:Nubia
3845:Kerma
3830:Ribat
3687:moong
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3378:siege
3349:near
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3300:Dutch
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3046:Indus
3038:Nepal
3026:India
2943:Trier
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2611:walls
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1193:Naval
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832:Drone
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698:Brown
661:Urban
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406:Armor
363:Staff
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134:JSTOR
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10423:Wars
10403:Wars
10284:Goal
9994:Blue
9952:Land
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9597:List
9545:Guns
9510:List
9490:List
9425:List
9400:List
9378:List
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9339:List
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9307:List
9282:List
9270:List
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8588:Navy
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7301:Buoy
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6697:Moat
6664:Ksar
6639:Keep
6431:Caer
6421:Burh
6397:Boom
6390:Berm
6369:Bawn
6334:Amba
6170:Gord
5975:ISBN
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