276:
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41:
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29:
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A vin de liqueur is a sweet fortified style of French wine that is fortified by adding brandy to unfermented grape must. The term vin de liqueur is also used by the
European Union to refer to all fortified wines. Vins de liqueur take greater flavour from the added brandy but are also sweeter than vin
800:
These wines continue to be associated with the homeless, mainly because marketers have been aggressive in targeting low-income communities as ideal consumers of these beverages; organisations in cities such as Los
Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland have urged makers of inexpensive
211:
to the yeast and stalls its metabolism. If fermentation is allowed to run to completion, the resulting wine is (in most cases) low in sugar and is considered a dry wine. Adding alcohol earlier in the fermentation process results in a sweeter wine. For drier fortified wine styles, such as
316:
that is available in both fortified and unfortified versions. It was first produced in 1772 by an
English merchant, John Woodhouse, as an inexpensive substitute for sherry and port, and gets its name from the island's port,
996:
Exactly when stronger wines or spirits began to be added to wine to preserve it is lost to history, but it worked — and fortified wine was born. History does record how the fortified wines Port and
Madeira came to
297:
more usually consumed with dessert. Madeira is deliberately heated and oxidised as part of its maturation process, resulting in distinctive flavours and an unusually long lifespan once a bottle is opened.
227:), a naturally high level of sugar inhibits the yeast, or the rising alcohol content due to the high sugar kills the yeast. This causes fermentation to stop before the wine can become dry.
813:
to prohibit the sale of certain alcohol products in an impoverished "Alcohol Impact Area." Among the products sought to be banned were over two dozen beers, and six fortified wines:
1647:
160:
laws may dictate the types of spirit that are permitted for fortification. For example, in the U.S. only spirits made from the same fruit as the wine may be added.
337:, which is at least 18%, and aged at least two years. The unfortified Marsala wine is aged in wooden casks for five years or more and reaches a strength of 18% by
727:. The Grenache vins doux naturels can be made in an oxidised or unoxidised style whereas the Muscat wines are protected from oxidation to retain their freshness.
416:). The addition of alcohol stops the fermentation and, as a consequence Mistelle is sweeter than fully fermented grape juice in which the sugars turn to alcohol.
141:. Even though other preservation methods now exist, fortification continues to be used because the process can add distinct flavors to the finished product.
887:, with Total Alcoholic Strength of no less than 17.5%, and that meets many additional criteria. Exemptions are allowed for certain quality liqueur wines.
817:, Gino's Premium Blend, MD 20/20, Night Train, Thunderbird, and Wild Irish Rose. The Liquor Control Board approved these restrictions on 30 August 2006.
566:. Because the fortification takes place after fermentation, most sherries are initially dry, with any sweetness being added later. In contrast,
1234:
570:(for example) is fortified halfway through its fermentation, which stops the process so that not all of the sugar is turned into alcohol.
261:, sun-dried and aged in oak barrels. Recent developments have produced different styles of Commandaria, some of which are not fortified.
844:. Although rice wine is not made from grapes, it has a similar alcohol content to grape wine, and the addition of the distilled spirit,
2843:
1748:
626:. Some vermouth is sweetened. Unsweetened or dry vermouth tends to be bitter. The person credited with the second vermouth recipe,
2735:
606:
Vermouth is a fortified wine flavoured with aromatic herbs and spices ("aromatised" in the trade) using closely guarded recipes (
1313:
1452:
719:, can be made from red or white grapes. Regardless of the grape, fermentation is stopped by the addition of up to 10% of a 190
1555:
1691:
1657:
1429:
1395:
1173:
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continue to convert sugar into alcohol until the must reaches an alcohol level of 16–18%. At this level, the alcohol becomes
2557:
539:; therefore, all wine labelled as "sherry" must legally come from the Sherry Triangle, which is an area in the province of
163:
The source of the additional alcohol and the method of its distillation can affect the flavour of the fortified wine. If
1714:
661:. The herbs were originally used to mask raw flavours of cheaper wines, imparting a slightly medicinal "tonic" flavor.
1819:
1520:
1487:
1419:
1297:
1210:
1025:
982:
955:
1681:
1794:
1123:
692:
634:, Italy, chose to name his concoction "vermouth" in 1786 because he was inspired by a German wine flavoured with
536:
2108:
2881:
2836:
2275:
1591:
289:. The wine is produced in a variety of styles ranging from dry wines which can be consumed on their own as an
2761:
1649:
A Companion to
California Wine: An Encyclopedia of Wine and Winemaking from the Mission Period to the Present
1385:
1366:
144:
Although grape brandy is most commonly added to produce fortified wines, the additional alcohol may also be
2766:
552:
2686:
2653:
2482:
2829:
2776:
2666:
1596:
627:
435:
4755:
2896:
2771:
2550:
2492:
2421:
2313:
1914:
1897:
782:
696:
3033:
548:
447:
4776:
2661:
2034:
1870:
1041:
684:
22:
1367:"The Truth About Vermouth: The secret ingredient in today's top cocktails remains misunderstood"
787:
Inexpensive fortified wines, such as
Thunderbird and Wild Irish Rose, became popular during the
431:
275:
4232:
2981:
2524:
2447:
1892:
1238:
3115:
1512:
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1015:
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behind. The result is a wine that is both sweeter and stronger, normally containing about 20%
2911:
2462:
2231:
1875:
802:
4781:
2986:
2901:
2113:
1865:
754:
700:
635:
544:
514:
439:
405:
198:
164:
145:
4641:
8:
3008:
2996:
2691:
2643:
2543:
1787:
559:
409:
362:
179:
3416:
2093:
1731:
1456:
540:
3436:
2906:
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2681:
2186:
1537:
805:, to stop providing such products to liquor stores in impoverished areas. In 2005, the
599:
61:
4711:
4706:
4561:
4322:
4466:
4449:
3999:
3786:
3726:
2916:
2635:
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1021:
978:
951:
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366:
220:
191:
2103:
1743:
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Sherry is produced in a variety of styles, ranging from dry, light versions such as
4551:
4370:
4344:
4099:
3979:
2934:
2426:
2353:
2216:
2118:
1563:
860:, etc., to the rice wine, bears similarity to the above-mentioned fortified wines.
788:
746:
670:
370:
350:
168:
76:
1737:
1092:
513:
Sherry is a fortified wine made from white grapes that are grown near the town of
4109:
4083:
4014:
3989:
3954:
3903:
3843:
3426:
2891:
2886:
2781:
2602:
2519:
2305:
2133:
2068:
2011:
1974:
1854:
1618:
1339:
972:
926:
873:
720:
645:. Wine flavoured with wormwood goes back to ancient Rome. The modern German word
477:
286:
108:
450:, the founder of the oldest table wine company in Portugal dating back to 1834.
4424:
4257:
4222:
4034:
3893:
2671:
2620:
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2431:
2403:
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2148:
1942:
1909:
1885:
1780:
1261:
1067:
880:
797:
was coined during this period to describe impoverished alcoholics of the time.
736:
716:
683:
Vins doux naturels (VDN) are lightly fortified wines typically made from white
378:
187:
2676:
425:
4770:
4646:
4506:
4212:
4059:
3959:
3949:
3853:
3761:
3741:
3649:
3431:
2800:
2701:
2610:
2508:
2416:
2411:
2088:
1880:
918:
898:
518:
4626:
1715:"Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2008; Annex IV, §3 (European Union document"
1220:
216:, the alcohol is added shortly before or after the end of the fermentation.
4358:
3994:
3913:
3898:
3781:
3215:
3105:
3100:
2991:
2976:
2487:
2078:
2016:
2006:
1959:
869:
814:
724:
639:
607:
393:
388:"mix") is sometimes used as an ingredient in fortified wines, particularly
307:
279:
270:
183:
100:
96:
4581:
4556:
4404:
3130:
2236:
4511:
4272:
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4114:
4094:
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3544:
3481:
3351:
3291:
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2256:
2021:
1952:
1811:
1200:
904:
704:
523:
338:
246:
241:
157:
104:
53:
4301:
3316:
2138:
872:
in the United States to avoid association with hard drinking. The term "
401:
4716:
4651:
4596:
4536:
4481:
4429:
3888:
3831:
3155:
3145:
3003:
2709:
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2615:
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2467:
2452:
2388:
2383:
2348:
2246:
2241:
2201:
2128:
2073:
2063:
2045:
2001:
1989:
1979:
1937:
1763:
1753:
443:
294:
149:
138:
4197:
3918:
2821:
2058:
4701:
4666:
4636:
4496:
4207:
3969:
3863:
3826:
3604:
3534:
3411:
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3326:
3245:
3120:
2959:
2587:
2477:
2457:
2393:
2373:
2363:
2323:
2261:
2143:
2083:
1984:
1829:
883:
legislation, a liqueur wine is a fortified wine that contains 15–22%
837:
708:
623:
567:
459:
258:
224:
182:
process is complete, the alcohol in the distilled beverage kills the
172:
153:
88:
84:
49:
33:
4491:
4267:
3466:
793:
488:
red wine, but also comes in dry, semi-dry and white or rosé styles.
4726:
4721:
4686:
4676:
4586:
4521:
4414:
4353:
4332:
4317:
4167:
3868:
3731:
3674:
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3554:
3529:
3496:
3381:
3240:
3235:
3225:
3140:
3125:
3110:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2211:
2191:
2158:
2123:
1969:
1932:
1844:
1839:
1824:
832:
826:
750:
712:
688:
642:
619:
615:
611:
590:
481:
472:
Port wine (also known simply as port) is a fortified wine from the
464:
389:
290:
111:
45:
40:
2053:
253:' unique AOC region north of Limassol from high-altitude vines of
122:
87:
have developed many different styles of fortified wine, including
4696:
4616:
4601:
4546:
4459:
4439:
4394:
4379:
4363:
4337:
4302:
4262:
4252:
4202:
4147:
4024:
4009:
3928:
3908:
3873:
3806:
3406:
3366:
3346:
3311:
3270:
3195:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2786:
2592:
2343:
2196:
2171:
2098:
1834:
1125:
The
Wordsworth Dictionary of Drink: An A–Z of Alcoholic Beverages
1042:"Types of Fortified Wines You Might Enjoy Before or After Dinner"
849:
806:
770:
595:
578:
413:
408:. It is produced by adding alcohol to non-fermented or partially
318:
134:
4389:
1947:
1020:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 279.
912:
4736:
4661:
4591:
4571:
4566:
4526:
4237:
4162:
4157:
4142:
4119:
4104:
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4039:
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3838:
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3791:
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3704:
3679:
3669:
3519:
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3356:
3331:
3260:
3135:
2751:
2714:
2338:
2226:
2221:
857:
853:
762:
758:
563:
532:
507:
497:
397:
322:
313:
250:
213:
126:
92:
80:
57:
1235:"mistelle Definition in the Wine Dictionary at Epicurious.com"
675:
4471:
4277:
4227:
4182:
4172:
4137:
4049:
3923:
3858:
3801:
3664:
3639:
3634:
3619:
3599:
3584:
3564:
3549:
3456:
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3401:
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3306:
3301:
3265:
3250:
3185:
3055:
2969:
2535:
2251:
2206:
2176:
1623:
1421:
The Wines of
Champagne, Burgundy, Eastern and Southern France
841:
631:
485:
473:
430:
Moscatel de Setúbal is a
Portuguese wine produced around the
254:
208:
502:
28:
4384:
4044:
3629:
3609:
3539:
3491:
3486:
3421:
3361:
2964:
1803:
1759:
845:
574:
203:
72:
4611:
4217:
3816:
3476:
884:
773:
similarly made by blending apple juice and apple brandy.
330:
133:
One reason for fortifying wine was to preserve it, since
950:(5th ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 236.
948:
Alexis
Lichine's New Encyclopedia of Wines & Spirits
1772:
577:
to much darker and sometimes sweeter versions known as
691:
grapes in the south of France. As the name suggests,
1507:
Encyclopedia of Consumer Brands: Consumable Products
894:
791:
for their relatively high alcohol content. The term
3032:
219:In the case of some fortified wine styles (such as
83:, has been added. In the course of some centuries,
1504:
1157:
446:. The style was believed to have been invented by
1562:. City of Seattle. 1 January 2013. Archived from
1205:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
703:are all made from the white Muscat grape, whilst
610:). Some of the herbs and spices used may include
325:to make two styles, the younger, slightly weaker
4768:
521:of Jerez. In earlier times, sherry was known as
1652:. University of California Press. p. 120.
1097:Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School
1009:
1007:
1005:
970:
653:in the spelling of Carpano's time) means both
2837:
2551:
1788:
1411:
1068:"DiWineTaste Report: Tasting Fortified Wines"
1639:
1538:"City could soon widen alcohol impact areas"
1117:
1115:
1113:
1002:
4305:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
1285:
753:to 2/3 grape juice from the same vineyard,
3703:
2864:
2844:
2830:
2558:
2544:
1795:
1781:
1673:
1192:
1149:
776:
1502:
1496:
1424:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 268.
1417:
1377:
1199:Robinson, Jancis, ed. (1999). "Mistela".
1110:
400:, though it is used mainly as a base for
1758:
1645:
1286:Porter, Darwin; Price, Danforth (2000).
1198:
1013:
674:
594:
535:"). In the European Union "sherry" is a
517:, Spain. The word "sherry" itself is an
501:
463:
321:. The fortified version is blended with
285:Madeira is a fortified wine made in the
274:
121:
39:
27:
2851:
2736:Clarification and stabilization of wine
1155:
945:
333:and aged at least four months; and the
167:is used, it is usually produced with a
148:that has been made from grapes, grain,
4769:
1679:
1556:"Public Safety - Alcohol Impact Areas"
1535:
1390:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 112.
1364:
1292:(16th ed.). IDG Books Worldwide.
1259:
1164:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p.
1121:
562:is complete, sherry is fortified with
442:grape and is typically fortified with
438:. The wine is made primarily from the
419:
4300:
3702:
3031:
2863:
2825:
2539:
1776:
1757:
1477:
1471:
1383:
1065:
971:DuBose, Fred; Spingarn, Evan (2004).
811:Washington State Liquor Control Board
664:
16:Wine with an added distilled beverage
1616:
1610:
1511:. Detroit: St. James Press. p.
1128:. Wordsworth Editions. p. 384.
974:The Ultimate Wine Lover's Guide 2005
412:grape juice (or apple juice to make
1686:. Footprint Handbooks. p. 36.
1482:. New York: Sterling. p. 238.
977:. Barnes & Noble. p. 202.
235:
13:
1578:
1536:Castro, Hector (7 December 2005).
939:
730:
14:
4793:
1820:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1725:
1617:Park, Rock Darm (12 April 2012).
1480:Kevin Zraly's American Wine Guide
868:Fortified wines are often termed
679:A Grenache-based VDN from Rasteau
2799:
2507:
1237:. epicurious.com. Archived from
911:
897:
638:, an herb most famously used in
1707:
1548:
1529:
1445:
1365:Clarke, Paul (15 August 2008).
1358:
1332:
1306:
1279:
1262:"Production of Fortified Wines"
1253:
1227:
581:. Cream sherry is always sweet.
537:protected designation of origin
301:
264:
2882:History of alcoholic beverages
2565:
1683:Wine Travel Guide to the World
1592:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1584:
1085:
1059:
1034:
1014:Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006).
964:
863:
531:, meaning "a removal from the
178:When added to wine before the
1:
2762:Glossary of viticulture terms
1646:Sullivan, Charles L. (1998).
932:
848:, and other ingredients like
715:. Other wines, like those of
117:
2767:Glossary of winemaking terms
1740:(fortified wine production).
1560:Beacon Alliance of Neighbors
1202:The Oxford companion to wine
1017:The Oxford Companion to Wine
453:
312:Marsala wine is a wine from
230:
201:process, yeast cells in the
7:
1418:Baxevanis, John J. (1987).
1371:The San Francisco Chronicle
890:
820:
693:Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
602:Bianco, an Italian vermouth
584:
344:
10:
4798:
2687:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1542:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1503:Jorgensen, Janice (1993).
824:
801:fortified wine, including
780:
734:
668:
588:
495:
457:
423:
305:
268:
239:
20:
4751:
4310:
4296:
4130:
3939:
3716:
3712:
3698:
3507:
3281:
3045:
3041:
3027:
2927:
2874:
2870:
2859:
2795:
2777:History of the wine press
2744:
2728:
2700:
2667:Sparkling wine production
2652:
2634:
2601:
2573:
2501:
2440:
2402:
2297:
2274:
2157:
2044:
2032:
1925:
1853:
1810:
1770:
1597:Academy of Korean Studies
1156:Hailman, John R. (2006).
1093:"26 U.S. Code §5382 b(2)"
876:" is used by the French.
628:Antonio Benedetto Carpano
491:
4154:Coconut and other palms
3526:Coconut and other palms
2897:History of Bordeaux wine
2772:Wine tasting descriptors
2493:Wine tasting descriptors
2422:Phenolic content in wine
2314:Alternative wine closure
1898:Great French Wine Blight
1802:
1744:Fortification calculator
1160:Thomas Jefferson on Wine
946:Lichine, Alexis (1987).
783:Flavored fortified wines
749:which is made using 1/3
553:El Puerto de Santa María
329:, which is at least 17%
60:Blanc, Dolin Rouge, and
21:Not to be confused with
2982:Drinking establishments
2662:Malolactic fermentation
1680:Joseph, Robert (2006).
1260:Biancalana, Antonello.
1066:Antonello, Biancalana.
809:City Council asked the
777:Low-end fortified wines
23:flavored fortified wine
4189:Sugarcane or molasses
3626:Sugarcane or molasses
2865:History and production
1387:Bartending For Dummies
803:E & J Gallo Winery
680:
603:
510:
469:
374:
358:
354:
282:
130:
65:
37:
2912:History of Rioja wine
2463:Wine and food pairing
1478:Zraly, Kevin (2006).
678:
598:
549:Sanlúcar de Barrameda
505:
467:
448:José Maria da Fonseca
278:
125:
43:
31:
4623:Mammee apple flower
2902:History of Champagne
2114:Muscat of Alexandria
1320:on 10 September 2013
1122:Halley, Ned (2005).
755:Pineau des Charentes
701:Muscat de Frontignan
697:Muscat de Rivesaltes
545:Jerez de la Frontera
484:. It is typically a
468:A 10-year tawny port
440:Muscat of Alexandria
436:Península de Setúbal
432:Setúbal Municipality
406:Pineau des Charentes
4673:Sugarcane/molasses
3116:Moscatel de Setúbal
3009:Yeast in winemaking
2997:Yeast in winemaking
2853:Alcoholic beverages
2692:Yeast in winemaking
2644:Carbonic maceration
1459:on 17 February 2009
1453:"thewinedoctor.com"
1384:Foley, Ray (2006).
420:Moscatel de Setúbal
404:such as the French
62:Martini & Rossi
52:bottles, including
2907:History of Chianti
2875:History of alcohol
2682:Traditional method
2483:Wine personalities
2187:Cabernet Sauvignon
1734:and its evolution.
1289:Frommer's Portugal
711:are made from red
681:
665:Vins doux naturels
604:
527:(from the Spanish
511:
478:northern provinces
470:
283:
137:is also a natural
131:
66:
38:
36:, a fortified wine
4764:
4763:
4747:
4746:
4450:Chocolate liqueur
4411:Blackthorn shrub
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4244:Various starches
4000:Tennessee whiskey
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3661:Various starches
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
2917:History of Sherry
2819:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2583:Late harvest wine
2533:
2532:
2270:
2269:
2167:Alicante Bouschet
1915:Judgment of Paris
1693:978-1-904777-85-4
1659:978-0-520-92087-3
1566:on 1 January 2013
1431:978-0-8476-7534-0
1397:978-0-470-10752-2
1175:978-1-57806-841-8
1135:978-1-84022-302-6
745:Examples include
506:A degustation of
192:alcohol by volume
4789:
4371:Herbs de Majorca
4345:Anisado Mallorca
4298:
4297:
4100:American whiskey
4091:Multiple grains
3980:Buckwheat whisky
3714:
3713:
3700:
3699:
3473:Multiple grains
3043:
3042:
3034:Fermented drinks
3029:
3028:
2935:Alcohol industry
2872:
2871:
2861:
2860:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2804:
2803:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2512:
2511:
2427:Proteins in wine
2094:Grüner Veltliner
2042:
2041:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1755:
1754:
1732:Commandaria wine
1719:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1510:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1455:. Archived from
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1316:. Archived from
1310:
1304:
1303:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1163:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1119:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1011:
1000:
999:
993:
991:
968:
962:
961:
943:
921:
916:
915:
907:
902:
901:
789:Great Depression
769:; there is also
747:Floc de Gascogne
671:Vin doux naturel
387:
383:
236:Commandaria wine
225:botrytized wines
171:, rather than a
169:continuous still
105:Commandaria wine
77:distilled spirit
44:A collection of
4797:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4743:
4712:Crème de cassis
4707:Crème de banane
4693:Various fruits
4562:Crème de menthe
4323:Crème de Noyaux
4306:
4284:
4126:
4110:Canadian whisky
4084:Kaoliang liquor
3990:Bourbon whiskey
3955:Japanese whisky
3935:
3904:Marillenschnaps
3880:Various fruits
3708:
3686:
3515:Agave americana
3503:
3277:
3232:Various fruits
3037:
3015:
2923:
2892:History of wine
2887:History of beer
2866:
2855:
2850:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2806:Wine portal
2798:
2791:
2782:History of wine
2740:
2724:
2696:
2648:
2630:
2611:Deacidification
2597:
2569:
2564:
2534:
2529:
2514:Wine portal
2506:
2497:
2436:
2398:
2303:
2293:
2266:
2153:
2134:Sauvignon blanc
2069:Cayetana blanca
2037:
2035:grape varieties
2028:
1921:
1849:
1806:
1801:
1766:
1749:Fortified Wines
1728:
1723:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1213:
1197:
1193:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1120:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1046:The Spruce Eats
1040:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1012:
1003:
989:
987:
985:
969:
965:
958:
944:
940:
935:
927:Wine and health
917:
910:
903:
896:
893:
874:vins de liqueur
866:
836:is a fortified
829:
823:
785:
779:
739:
733:
731:Vins de liqueur
673:
667:
593:
587:
500:
494:
462:
456:
428:
422:
385:
381:
347:
310:
304:
287:Madeira Islands
273:
267:
244:
238:
233:
120:
109:aromatised wine
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4795:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4777:Fortified wine
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4436:Chili peppers
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4425:Cherry Heering
4419:
4418:
4417:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4223:Seco Herrerano
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4035:Mixiang Baijiu
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3720:
3718:
3710:
3709:
3707:by ingredients
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3049:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3036:by ingredients
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Sugars in wine
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2621:Chaptalization
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:Classification
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2432:Sugars in wine
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2404:Wine chemistry
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Wine dispenser
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2182:Cabernet Franc
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2149:Welschriesling
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Müller-Thurgau
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Ancient Greece
1868:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1727:
1726:External links
1724:
1721:
1720:
1706:
1692:
1672:
1658:
1638:
1609:
1585:Yu, Tae-jong.
1577:
1547:
1528:
1521:
1495:
1488:
1470:
1444:
1430:
1410:
1396:
1376:
1357:
1346:. 23 July 2013
1340:"Sherry types"
1331:
1305:
1298:
1278:
1252:
1241:on 6 June 2011
1226:
1211:
1191:
1174:
1148:
1134:
1109:
1084:
1058:
1033:
1026:
1001:
983:
963:
956:
937:
936:
934:
931:
930:
929:
923:
922:
908:
892:
889:
881:European Union
865:
862:
825:Main article:
822:
819:
781:Main article:
778:
775:
737:Vin de liqueur
735:Main article:
732:
729:
717:Rivesaltes AOC
687:grapes or red
669:Main article:
666:
663:
589:Main article:
586:
583:
496:Main article:
493:
490:
458:Main article:
455:
452:
424:Main article:
421:
418:
346:
343:
306:Main article:
303:
300:
269:Main article:
266:
263:
240:Main article:
237:
234:
232:
229:
188:residual sugar
165:neutral spirit
146:neutral spirit
119:
116:
69:Fortified wine
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4794:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:Grand Marnier
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Cream liqueur
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
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4057:
4055:
4051:
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4043:
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4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3960:Scotch whisky
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Irish whiskey
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
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3900:
3897:
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3879:
3875:
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3815:
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3812:
3808:
3805:
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3800:
3798:
3795:
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3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3738:Cashew apple
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Fermented tea
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
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3516:
3513:
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3510:
3506:
3498:
3495:
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3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:Shaoxing wine
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:Prickly pear
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
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2941:
2938:
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2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2918:
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2900:
2898:
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2879:
2877:
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2869:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
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2833:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2788:
2785:
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2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
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2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:Acids in wine
2415:
2413:
2412:Aroma of wine
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2276:Major regions
2273:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2232:Montepulciano
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:Dessert Wines
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1717:. p. 46.
1716:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1598:
1595:(in Korean).
1594:
1593:
1588:
1581:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1522:1-55862-336-1
1518:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1499:
1491:
1489:1-4027-2585-X
1485:
1481:
1474:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1319:
1315:
1314:"Spanish law"
1309:
1301:
1299:0-02-863601-5
1295:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1212:0-19-866236-X
1208:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1188:
1187:Marsala wine.
1177:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1027:0-19-860990-6
1023:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
998:
986:
984:9780760758328
980:
976:
975:
967:
959:
957:0-394-56262-3
953:
949:
942:
938:
928:
925:
924:
920:
919:Liquor portal
914:
909:
906:
900:
895:
888:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
870:dessert wines
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:
828:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
798:
796:
795:
790:
784:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
738:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
677:
672:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:trade secrets
601:
597:
592:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
519:anglicisation
516:
509:
504:
499:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
466:
461:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
427:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
309:
299:
296:
292:
288:
281:
277:
272:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
228:
226:
222:
217:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
129:barrels aging
128:
124:
115:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
35:
30:
24:
19:
3995:Corn whiskey
3899:Himbeergeist
3752:Kirschwasser
3514:
3212:Pomegranate
3106:Marsala wine
3101:Madeira wine
2992:Simple syrup
2987:Fermentation
2977:Distillation
2797:
2654:Fermentation
2505:
2488:Wine tasting
2109:Muscat blanc
2079:Chenin blanc
1964:
1876:Ancient Rome
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1682:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1648:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1590:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:the original
1559:
1550:
1541:
1531:
1506:
1498:
1479:
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1420:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1386:
1379:
1370:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1343:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:the original
1308:
1288:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:the original
1229:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1179:. Retrieved
1159:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1124:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:
1036:
1016:
995:
988:. Retrieved
973:
966:
947:
941:
878:
867:
831:
830:
799:
792:
786:
744:
740:
725:grape spirit
682:
658:
654:
650:
646:
605:
572:
560:fermentation
557:
528:
522:
512:
474:Douro Valley
471:
429:
348:
334:
326:
311:
308:Marsala wine
302:Marsala wine
284:
280:Madeira wine
271:Madeira wine
265:Madeira wine
245:
221:late harvest
218:
202:
199:fermentation
196:
180:fermentation
177:
162:
143:
132:
68:
67:
18:
4782:Wine styles
4658:Star anise
4552:Bénédictine
4512:Irish cream
4248:Aguardiente
4193:Aguardiente
4065:Rye whiskey
3575:Ginger wine
3292:Barley wine
3256:Mulled wine
3206:Plum jerkum
3176:Lychee wine
3166:Longan wine
3091:Bokbunja-ju
3081:Bignay wine
3071:Banana wine
3066:Banana beer
2940:Bathtub gin
2757:Wine bottle
2729:Other steps
2720:Wine cellar
2677:Süssreserve
2369:Wine cellar
2359:Wine bottle
2300:accessories
2298:Packaging,
2257:Tempranillo
1886:Noah's wine
1866:Phoenicians
1812:Viticulture
1627:(in Korean)
1344:SherryNotes
1266:DiWineTaste
1102:10 February
1077:23 December
1072:DiWineTaste
1051:23 December
905:Wine portal
864:Terminology
426:Setúbal DOC
361:; Spanish,
339:evaporation
295:sweet wines
249:is made in
247:Commandaria
242:Commandaria
197:During the
186:and leaves
158:appellation
156:. Regional
150:sugar beets
75:to which a
56:Extra Dry,
54:Noilly Prat
32:A glass of
4771:Categories
4717:Limoncello
4652:Triple sec
4627:Eau créole
4597:Irish Mist
4582:Bärenjäger
4537:Frangelico
4467:Cloudberry
4446:Chocolate
4430:Maraschino
3976:Buckwheat
3889:Eau de vie
3192:Pineapple
3156:Duhat wine
3152:Java plum
3146:White wine
3004:Winemaking
2928:Production
2636:Maceration
2626:Wine press
2616:Destemming
2567:Winemaking
2473:Wine fraud
2468:Wine fault
2453:Oenophilia
2389:Wine label
2384:Wine glass
2349:Port tongs
2247:Sangiovese
2242:Pinot noir
2202:Douce noir
2129:Rkatsiteli
2074:Chardonnay
2064:Catarratto
2038:by acreage
2012:Biodynamic
1975:Aromatized
1764:winemaking
1619:"Gwaha-ju"
1587:"Gwaha-ju"
1570:11 January
933:References
723:(95% abv)
640:distilling
444:aguardente
363:Portuguese
357:; French:
349:Mistelle (
139:antiseptic
118:Production
107:, and the
85:winemakers
79:, usually
4702:Cedratine
4667:Sassolino
4637:Cointreau
4557:Brennivín
4533:Hazelnut
4497:Tia Maria
4456:Cinnamon
4440:Pertsivka
4405:Bierlikör
4208:Desi daru
3970:Bierbrand
3864:Tsikoudia
3827:Slivovitz
3727:Applejack
3605:Kabarawan
3581:Galangal
3535:Palm wine
3412:Rice wine
3392:Makgeolli
3327:Oshikundu
3246:Hippocras
3131:Rosé wine
3121:Port wine
3087:Bokbunja
2960:Lautering
2588:Noble rot
2478:Winemaker
2458:Sommelier
2394:Wine rack
2374:Wine cork
2364:Wine cave
2354:Screw cap
2324:Corkscrew
2289:New World
2284:Old World
2262:Zinfandel
2237:Mourvèdre
2144:Trebbiano
2084:Colombard
1985:Noble rot
1965:Fortified
1943:Sparkling
1910:New World
838:rice wine
624:chamomile
568:port wine
460:Port wine
454:Port wine
410:fermented
402:apéritifs
335:Superiore
259:Xynisteri
231:Varieties
173:pot still
154:sugarcane
50:quinquina
4727:Sloe gin
4722:Schnapps
4687:Licor 43
4683:Vanilla
4677:Charanda
4608:Juniper
4587:Drambuie
4522:Advocaat
4478:Coconut
4415:Patxaran
4354:Anisette
4333:Absinthe
4318:Amaretto
4303:Liqueurs
4168:Lambanog
4076:Sorghum
4015:Cheongju
3869:Tsipouro
3813:Juniper
3787:Armagnac
3732:Calvados
3675:Parakari
3655:Kombucha
3555:Tunggang
3530:Bahalina
3497:Huangjiu
3463:Sorghum
3417:Rượu cần
3382:Gwaha-ju
3317:Tesgüino
3241:Dubonnet
3236:Conditum
3226:Colonche
3141:Vermouth
3126:Red wine
3111:Mistelle
2603:Pressing
2525:Glossary
2441:Industry
2334:Jug wine
2329:Decanter
2319:Box wine
2217:Isabella
2212:Grenache
2192:Carignan
2139:Sémillon
2124:Riesling
2119:Palomino
1862:Ancient
1845:Vineyard
1840:Veraison
1825:Oenology
1631:12 March
1602:12 March
1350:27 March
1221:41660699
891:See also
840:made in
833:Gwaha-ju
827:Gwaha-ju
821:Gwaha-ju
751:armagnac
713:Grenache
689:Grenache
659:vermouth
655:wormwood
643:absinthe
636:wormwood
620:marjoram
616:cinnamon
612:cardamom
591:Vermouth
585:Vermouth
579:olorosos
543:between
508:sherries
482:Portugal
390:Vermouth
382:mixtella
367:Galician
359:mistelle
355:mistella
345:Mistelle
291:aperitif
112:vermouth
46:vermouth
4733:Walnut
4697:Campari
4642:Curaçao
4633:Orange
4617:Jenever
4602:Krupnik
4547:Aquavit
4488:Coffee
4460:Tentura
4421:Cherry
4395:Sambuca
4380:Mastika
4364:Hierbas
4338:Anisado
4314:Almond
4263:Horilka
4253:Akvavit
4203:Clairin
4198:Cachaça
4148:Tequila
4025:Lao-Lao
4010:Awamori
3946:Barley
3940:Cereals
3929:Schnaps
3919:Pálinka
3909:Nalewka
3874:Zivania
3807:Zivania
3748:Cherry
3705:Liquors
3571:Ginger
3407:Pangasi
3367:Choujiu
3347:Amazake
3323:Millet
3312:Tejuino
3288:Barley
3282:Cereals
3271:Sangria
3196:Tepache
3172:Lychee
3162:Longan
3077:Bignay
3062:Banana
2955:Malting
2950:Brewery
2945:Brewing
2787:Terroir
2745:Related
2593:Vintage
2575:Harvest
2520:Outline
2344:Muselet
2306:storage
2197:Cinsaut
2172:Barbera
2099:Macabeo
2059:Aligoté
2017:Organic
2007:Natural
1960:Dessert
1905:Georgia
1855:History
1835:Terroir
1830:Species
1699:5 April
1665:5 April
1463:4 April
1437:5 April
1403:5 April
1324:4 April
1271:5 April
1245:5 April
1181:4 April
1141:4 April
854:jujubes
850:ginseng
807:Seattle
771:Pommeau
757:in the
705:Banyuls
651:Wermuth
600:Martini
476:in the
434:on the
414:pommeau
394:Marsala
377:, from
375:mistela
371:Catalan
351:Italian
319:Marsala
194:(ABV).
135:ethanol
101:Marsala
97:madeira
4737:Nocino
4662:Pastis
4592:Glayva
4578:Honey
4572:Unicum
4567:Metaxa
4543:Herbs
4527:Eggnog
4503:Cream
4492:Kahlúa
4482:Malibu
4329:Anise
4273:Shōchū
4268:Poitín
4258:Bangla
4238:Tharra
4179:Dairy
4163:Laksoy
4158:Arrack
4143:Mezcal
4120:Whisky
4115:Shōchū
4105:Baijiu
4080:Baijiu
4070:Starka
4040:Shochu
4030:Lihing
4020:Cholai
3986:Maize
3884:Brandy
3849:Grappa
3844:Chacha
3839:Pomace
3797:Cognac
3792:Brandy
3778:Grape
3772:Boukha
3758:Dates
3723:Apple
3680:Ibwatu
3670:Chicha
3616:Sugar
3591:Honey
3561:Dairy
3520:Pulque
3467:Pendhā
3387:Hariya
3377:Dansul
3357:Beopju
3332:Tongba
3261:Nabidh
3136:Sherry
3097:Grape
3052:Apple
2752:Winery
2715:Solera
2339:Kvevri
2227:Merlot
2222:Malbec
2022:Kosher
1998:Other
1953:Orange
1926:Styles
1893:France
1690:
1656:
1519:
1486:
1428:
1394:
1296:
1219:
1209:
1172:
1132:
1024:
990:6 June
981:
954:
879:Under
858:ginger
763:Macvin
761:zone,
759:Cognac
742:doux.
685:Muscat
647:Wermut
622:, and
564:brandy
558:After
533:solera
498:Sherry
492:Sherry
398:Sherry
386:mixtvm
323:brandy
314:Sicily
251:Cyprus
214:sherry
127:Sherry
93:sherry
81:brandy
58:Lillet
4472:Lakka
4401:Beer
4278:Vodka
4228:Sulai
4213:Guaro
4183:Arkhi
4173:Sotol
4138:Agave
4131:Other
4050:Sulai
4006:Rice
3966:Beer
3924:Rakia
3894:Geist
3859:Orujo
3832:Țuică
3823:Plum
3802:Pisco
3762:Araqi
3717:Fruit
3665:Cauim
3640:Palek
3635:Intus
3620:Kilju
3600:Byais
3585:Byais
3565:Kumis
3550:Tuhak
3508:Other
3457:Kvass
3447:Tapuy
3442:Tapai
3437:Sonti
3402:Mirin
3397:Mijiu
3372:Chuak
3342:Agkud
3338:Rice
3307:Pozol
3302:Mageu
3298:Corn
3266:Pruno
3251:Jabol
3216:Rimon
3202:Plum
3186:Perry
3182:Pear
3056:Cider
3046:Fruit
2970:Yeast
2702:Aging
2252:Syrah
2207:Gamay
2177:Bobal
2089:Glera
2054:Airén
2046:White
2002:Table
1990:Straw
1980:Fruit
1938:White
1881:China
1760:Wines
1624:Naver
842:Korea
815:Cisco
721:proof
709:Maury
632:Turin
630:from
575:finos
541:Cádiz
515:Jerez
486:sweet
379:Latin
293:, to
255:Mavro
209:toxic
184:yeast
71:is a
64:Rosso
4756:List
4518:Egg
4390:Rakı
4385:Ouzo
4359:Arak
4233:Sura
4060:Korn
4056:Rye
4045:Soju
3914:Oghi
3854:Marc
3782:Arak
3768:Fig
3742:Feni
3646:Tea
3630:Basi
3610:Mead
3595:Bais
3545:Tubâ
3540:Tuak
3492:Boza
3487:Beer
3453:Rye
3427:Sato
3422:Sake
3362:Brem
2965:Wort
2304:and
2033:Top
1948:Rosé
1804:Wine
1762:and
1701:2009
1688:ISBN
1667:2009
1654:ISBN
1633:2018
1604:2018
1572:2023
1517:ISBN
1484:ISBN
1465:2009
1439:2009
1426:ISBN
1405:2009
1392:ISBN
1352:2022
1326:2009
1294:ISBN
1273:2009
1247:2009
1217:OCLC
1207:ISBN
1183:2009
1170:ISBN
1143:2009
1130:ISBN
1104:2022
1079:2018
1053:2018
1022:ISBN
992:2020
979:ISBN
952:ISBN
846:soju
794:wino
767:Jura
707:and
699:and
657:and
551:and
529:saca
524:sack
396:and
369:and
327:Fine
257:and
223:and
204:must
89:port
73:wine
48:and
34:port
4612:Gin
4218:Rum
4095:Ara
3817:Gin
3482:Ara
3477:Ale
3352:Apo
2710:Oak
2159:Red
1970:Ice
1933:Red
1513:492
1166:306
997:be.
885:abv
765:in
480:of
331:abv
152:or
4773::
1621:.
1589:.
1558:.
1540:.
1515:.
1369:.
1342:.
1264:.
1215:.
1185:.
1168:.
1112:^
1095:.
1070:.
1044:.
1004:^
994:.
856:,
852:,
695:,
618:,
614:,
555:.
547:,
392:,
373::
365:,
353::
341:.
175:.
114:.
103:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
4086:)
4082:(
2845:e
2838:t
2831:v
2559:e
2552:t
2545:v
2302:,
1796:e
1789:t
1782:v
1703:.
1669:.
1635:.
1606:.
1574:.
1544:.
1525:.
1492:.
1467:.
1441:.
1407:.
1373:.
1354:.
1328:.
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960:.
649:(
384:/
25:.
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