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877:. The European Union and some other countries legally enforce "Cognac" as the exclusive name for brandy produced and distilled in the Cognac area of France and the name "Armagnac" for brandy from the Gascony area of France. Both must also be made using traditional techniques. Since these are considered "protected designations of origin", a brandy made elsewhere may not be called Cognac in these jurisdictions, even if it was made in an identical manner.
397:
to as the "heads", "heart", and "tails", respectively. The first part, the "head", has an alcohol concentration of about 83% (166 US proof) and an unpleasant odour. The weak portion on the end, the "tail", is discarded along with the head, and they are generally mixed with another batch of low wine, thereby entering the distillation cycle again. The middle heart fraction, the richest in aromas and flavours, is preserved for later maturation.
1220:
257:, the resulting product improved over the original distilled spirit. In addition to removing water, the distillation process led to the formation and decomposition of numerous aromatic compounds, fundamentally altering the distillate composition from its source. Non-volatile substances such as pigments, sugars, and salts remained behind in the still. As a result, the distillate taste was often quite unlike the sources.
40:
1484:
493:. When drunk at room temperature, it is often slightly warmed by holding the glass cupped in the palm or by gentle heating. Excessive heating of brandy may cause the alcohol vapour to become too strong, causing its aroma to become overpowering. Brandy-drinkers who like their brandy warmed may ask for the glass to be heated before the brandy is poured.
695:
In the US, a brandy that has been produced from other than grape wine must be labelled with a clarifying description of the type of brandy production, such as "peach brandy", "fruit brandy", "dried fruit brandy", or "pomace brandy", and brandy that has not been aged in oak for at least two years must
396:
Brandy is distilled from the base wine in two phases. First, a large part of water and solids is removed from the base, obtaining so-called "low wine", a concentrated wine with 28–30% ABV. In the second stage, low wine is distilled into brandy. The liquid exits the pot still in three phases, referred
699:
In Canada, the regulations regarding naming conventions for brandy are similar to those of the US (provisions B.02.050–061). According to
Canadian food and drug regulations, Brandy shall be a potable alcoholic distillate, or a mixture of potable alcoholic distillates, obtained by the distillation of
309:
As most brandies have been distilled from grapes, the regions of the world producing excellent brandies have roughly paralleled those areas producing grapes for viniculture. At the end of the 19th century, the western
European markets, including by extension their overseas empires, were dominated by
297:
To shorten these several distillations, which were long and troublesome, a chemical instrument was invented that reduced them to a single distillation. A portion was ignited to test the purity of the rectified spirit of wine. The liquor was good if a fire consumed the entire contents without leaving
463:
system, where the producer changes the barrel each year. After a period of ageing, which depends on the style, class and legal requirements, the mature brandy is mixed with distilled water to reduce alcohol concentration and bottled. Some brandies have caramel colour and sugar added to simulate the
588:
In the 19th century, brandy was often used as medical treatment due to its alleged "stimulating" qualities. It was also used by many
European explorers of tropical Africa, who suggested that regular, moderate doses of brandy might help a traveller to cope with fever, depression, and stress. These
252:
method and to make it easier for merchants to transport. It is also thought that wine was originally distilled to lessen the tax, which was assessed by volume. The intent was to add the water removed by distillation back to the brandy shortly before consumption. It was discovered that after being
373:
Except for a few major producers, brandy production and consumption tend to have a regional character, and thus production methods significantly vary. Wine brandy is produced from a variety of grape cultivars. A special selection of cultivars, providing distinct aroma and character, is used for
700:
wine. The minimum specified ageing period is six months in wood, although not necessarily oak (provision B.02.061.2). Caramel, fruit, other botanical substances, flavourings, and flavouring preparations may also be included in a product called brandy (provisions B.02.050–059).
692:, there are regulations that require products labelled as brandy, except "grain brandy", to be produced exclusively from the distillation or redistillation of grape-based wine or grape-based "wine fortified for distillation" and aged a minimum of six months in oak.
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was filled half full of the liquor from which brandy was to be drawn and then raised with a little fire until about one-sixth part was distilled, or until that which falls into the receiver was entirely flammable. This liquor, distilled only once, was called the
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in
Romania. After a double distillation, the beverage is usually aged in oak barrels and labelled according to its age (VS is a minimum of 3 years old, VSOP is a minimum of 5 years old, XO is a minimum of 7 years old, and XXO is a minimum of 20 years
400:
Distillation does not simply enhance the alcohol content of wine. The heat under which the product is distilled and the material of the still (usually copper) cause chemical reactions during distillation. This leads to the formation of numerous new
1128:('beyond age') is a designation formally equal to XO for Cognac, but for Armagnac it designates brandy that is at least ten years old. In practice, the term is used by producers to market a high-quality product beyond the official age scale.
1001:
are, by law, made almost exactly as Cognac, using a double distillation process in copper pot stills followed by ageing in oak barrels for a minimum of three years. Because of this, South
African brandies are considered very high
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according to a recipe brought from France. Kizlyar brandy is produced according to the classic cognac technology and is one of the most popular beverages in Russia. Also in 2008, the factory restored the status of the
1159:(traditionally called "Cognac" within the country), as well as brandies from many other post-Soviet states, uses the traditional Russian grading system that is similar to the French one, but extends it significantly:
381:, which significantly differs from regular table wines. It is made from early grapes to achieve higher acid concentration and lower sugar levels. Base wine generally contains smaller amounts (up to 20 mg/L) of
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which are aged in oak casks and achieve the same caramel colour as regular brandies. There is a vast production of brandies and grappas in Italy, with more than 600 large, medium or small distilleries.
233:. While the process was known in classical times, it was not used for significant beverage production until the 15th century. In the early 16th-century French brandy helped kickstart the cross-Atlantic
180:
to imitate the effect of aging, and some are produced using a combination of aging and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are
428:. The distillate obtained in this manner has a higher alcohol concentration (approximately 90% ABV) and is less aromatic. The choice of the apparatus depends on the style of brandy produced.
1998:"Regulation (EC) No. 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 "on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of spirit drinks""
799:. Armagnac was the first distilled spirit in France. Its usage was first mentioned in 1310 by Vital Du Four in a book of medicine recipes. Armagnacs have a specificity: they offer
660:" or "fruit spirit" or named using the specific fruit, such as "peach brandy", rather than just generically as "brandy". If pomace is the raw material, the beverage may be called "
589:
views fell out of favour in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, with suggestions that people were using brandy's "medical" qualities as an excuse for social drinking.
1671:
Sir
Winston Churchill's favourite Armenian brandy... The brandy, which was also a favourite of Agatha Christie and Frank Sinatra, has been made in the Ararat Valley since 1877.
1532:
Sir
Winston Churchill's favourite Armenian brandy... The brandy, which was also a favourite of Agatha Christie and Frank Sinatra, has been made in the Ararat Valley since 1877.
580:
while serving. Brandy is traditionally poured over a
Christmas pudding and set alight before serving. The use of flambé can retain as much as 75% of the alcohol in the brandy.
293:
and in a glass cucurbit, and the liquor was distilled to about one-half the quantity. This was further rectified as long as the operator thought it necessary to produce brandy.
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due to its higher alcohol content and ease of shipping. Canoemen and guards on the
African side of the trade were generally paid in brandy. By the late 17th century,
950:
Kanyak (or konyak) is a variety from Turkey, whose name is both a variation of "cognac" and means "burn blood" in
Turkish, a reference to its use in cold weather.
998:
433:
1799:
A Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant: Embracing English, American, and Anglo-Indian Slang, Pidgin English, Tinkers' Jargon and Other Irregular Phraseology
664:", "marc brandy", "grape marc", "fruit marc spirit", or "grape marc spirit", "marc" being the pulp residue after the juice has been pressed from the fruit.
652:
and from fermented fruit other than grapes. If a beverage comes from a particular fruit (or multiple fruits) other than exclusively grapes, or from the
1032:
681:
which was originally used in its production involved no distillation. There is also a product called "grain brandy" that is made from grain spirits.
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1005:
1177:/KV ("Aged Cognac") is a designation corresponding to "XO" or "Napoléon", meaning that the youngest spirit in the blend is at least six years old.
910:
684:
Within particular jurisdictions, specific regulatory requirements regarding the labelling of products identified as brandy exist. For example:
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that he asked for several cases of it to be sent to him each year. Reportedly 400 bottles of Dvin were shipped to Churchill annually. In 1884,
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1956:
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in the southwest of France, Gers, Landes and Lot-et-Garonne. It is single-continuous distilled in a copper still and aged in oak casks from
302:
in the bottom of the spirit. The liquor was good if the gunpowder could ignite after the spirit was consumed by fire. (Hence the modern "
1922:
1855:"Is alcohol a tropical medicine? Scientific understandings of climate, stimulants and bodies in Victorian and Edwardian tropical travel"
1185:/KVVK ("Aged Cognac, Superior Quality") designates the eight-year-old blends and tends to be used only for the highest quality vintages.
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1577:
1098:("very special") or ✯✯✯ (three stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy has been stored for at least two years in a cask.
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824:
1163:"Three stars" or ✯✯✯ designates the brandy with the youngest component cask-aged for at least two years, analogous to the French V.S.
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393:. The yeast sediment produced during the fermentation may or may not be kept in the wine, depending on the brandy style.
1997:
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or ✯✯✯✯✯ (five stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least four years in a cask.
1031:. Colour, texture and finish resemble those of their French and Spanish counterparts. The most popular brands are
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958:
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189:
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1612:
1193:/KS ("Old Cognac"): At least ten years of age for the youngest spirit in the blend (similar to the Armagnac's "
2050:
1169:"Five stars" means that the youngest brandy in the blend was aged four years, similar to the French V.S.O.P.
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1166:"Four stars" or ✯✯✯✯ is for the blends where the youngest brandy is aged for at least three years.
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for steak and other meat. It creates a more intense flavour in some soups, notably onion soup.
361:, Georgia, a crossroads for Turkish, Central Asian, and Persian trade routes and a part of the
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2215:
2181:
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1957:"Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 5.22"
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1398:
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differs from other varieties in that its alcohol concentration is only 32% ABV (64 US proof).
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2027:
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in the southern part of Armenia. Bottles on the market are aged anywhere from 3 to 20 years.
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In English Christmas cooking, brandy is a common flavouring in traditional foods such as
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523:
459:(single-barrel ageing). Some brandies, particularly those from Spain, are aged using the
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Brandy has a traditional age grading system, although its use is unregulated outside of
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740:
Most American grape brandy production is situated in California. Popular brands include
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aroma components, changes in relative amounts of aroma components in the wine, and the
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high-quality brandies, while cheaper ones are made from whichever wine is available.
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This article is about the alcoholic beverage obtained from wine. For the singer, see
1816:, Hindu and Romany, for water. In England: "parny" is a common slang word for water.
1740:
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1207:/OS ("Very Old"): Beyond the French system, designating blends older than 20 years.
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577:
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1057:. Northern Italy has also been noted since the Middle Ages for its pomace brandy,
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310:
French and Spanish brandies and eastern Europe was dominated by brandies from the
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designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least six years.
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to mature. Usually, brandies with a natural golden or brown colour are aged in
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had replaced brandy as the exchange alcohol of choice in the triangle trade.
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of France, and is double distilled using pot stills. Popular brands include
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are examples of brandy produced in batches while many American brandies use
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The New Wine Lover's Companion: Descriptions of Wines from Around the World
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is any high-quality brandy, including Cognac and Armagnac but also Fine de
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338:, Armenia. It became one of the top brandy brands over time and during the
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1091:. These indicators can usually be found on the label near the brand name:
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In the general colloquial usage of the term, brandy may also be made from
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1061:, which is generally colourless but has some top-shelf varieties called
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1926:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 428.
1812:
Brandy pawnee (Anglo-Indian and English gypsy), brandy and water. From
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British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force (2008). Gail Goldberg (ed.).
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has been produced since the 1700s in the North of Italy, especially in
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213:
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2395:правды", Комсомольская правда | Сайт "Комсомольской (21 August 2009).
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any impurities behind. Another, better test involved putting a little
283:. Purified by another distillation (or several more), this was called
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is legally equivalent to the English term "brandy", but outside the
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1487: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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2220:. The Classic Wine Library. Infinite Ideas Limited. p. 133.
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2051:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Food and Drug Regulations"
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1074:, is also allowed to produce pomace brandy designated as grappa.
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Brandy may be added to other beverages to make several popular
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was so impressed with the Armenian brandy Dvin given to him by
200:
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59:
44:
39:
2554:Товароведение и экспертиза вкусовых товаров: Учебник для вузов
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1911:
1250: – liquor made of brandy, neutral grain spirit and water
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In Moldova and Romania, grape brandy is colloquially called
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3305:
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2110:, 5th edition, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987). Page 464.
1499:
Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
653:
157:
110:
2397:"Кизлярский коньяк: традиционный вкус и верность качеству"
4425:
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3630:
3290:
1853:
Armston-Sheret, Edward; Walker, Kim (24 September 2021).
1654:"First chance to buy brandy that Stalin served Churchill"
1515:"First chance to buy brandy that Stalin served Churchill"
957:
region, just north of Lisbon, is one of the few European
671:" or "grappa brandy". Apple brandy may be referred to as
453:
242:
2263:"KIZLAR • Big Russian Encyclopedia – electronic version"
2108:
Alexis Lichine’s New Encyclopedia of Wines & Spirits
1757:
1349:. John Wiley & Sons. 14 December 2007. p. 151.
199:
also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of
1686:. International Wine Tourism Conference. 5 April 2014.
1023:, using grapes that are popular in winemaking such as
943:
and is also available as a separate product. It has a
2343:"HE WAS MADLY CONCERNED WITH IDEAS OF THEIR CASE ..."
1152:
Brandy de Jerez Solera Gran Reserva: three years old.
448:
After distillation, the unaged brandy is placed into
237:
when it took over the central role of the Portuguese
229:
The origins of brandy are tied to the development of
1852:
1261:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1252:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1215:
1139:
Consejo Regulador de la Denominacion Brandy de Jerez
986:
In Russia, brandy was first produced in 1885 at the
592:
477:
Brandy is traditionally served at room temperature (
2846:
712:, it is particularly used to designate brandy from
645:refers specifically to distilled wine from grapes.
266:, the following method was used to distill brandy:
2249:"VS, VSOP sau XO: noțiuni elementare despre divin"
2207:
1758:
1576:
1452:
1264:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
2505:
2503:
2501:
1990:
1940:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1989.
1710:Charles W. Bamforth, Robert E. Ward, ed. (2014).
1459:. New York, New York: Walker Publishing Company.
929:grape varieties blended with an aged Muscat wine.
4582:
1543:
1400:Cognac: The story of the world's greatest brandy
762:has been produced since 1877 and comes from the
621:, which literally means "burned wine" and whose
2579:"Сроки выдержки VS, VSOP, XO, КВ, КВВК, КС, ОС"
2076:"Brandy producers up in arms over EU directive"
526:usage has "brandy-pawnee" (brandy with water).
2498:
2017:EC regulation No. 110/2008, Annex II, nn 3–9u.
1859:The British Journal for the History of Science
1502:(1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
1396:
2651:
2168:Stronger spirits-domestically produced cin...
1791:
1738:
1718:. Oxford University Press. pp. 249–252.
1271: – Wine with an added distilled beverage
1202:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1149:Brandy de Jerez Solera Reserva: one year old.
1137:
917:. Mature distillates are made from sun-dried
557:. It is also commonly used in drinks such as
2515:Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac
2453:"South Africa wins Best Brandy in the World"
2394:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1802:. Vol. 1. Ballantyne Press. p. 176
1444:
1423:
1194:
1122:
967:), together with Cognac, Armagnac and Jerez.
880:
385:than regular wines, as it creates undesired
4119:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
2028:"Food and Drug Regulations, C.R.C., c. 870"
1987:EC regulation No. 110/2008, Annex II, nn 3.
1909:
704:Within the European Union, the German term
656:of such fruit, it may be referred to as a "
3517:
2678:
2658:
2644:
667:Grape pomace brandy may be designated as "
583:
38:
2557:. Издательский дом "Питер". p. 137.
2121:"Bulk Brandy Producer, Rudolf Prehn GmbH"
1944:
1870:
1716:The Oxford Handbook of Food Fermentations
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
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1695:
1693:
1537:
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1427:The Brandy Trade Under the Ancien Régime
939:in Andalusia, Spain. It is used in some
727:
2665:
2145:
1574:
1478:
1476:
723:
641:refers to any distilled spirits, while
601:is a shortening of the archaic English
287:. The second distillation was made in
207:), or mash or wine of any other fruit (
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1690:
1610:
1376:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 174.
1078:
4114:
3516:
2845:
2677:
2639:
2476:
2474:
2390:
2388:
1827:
1684:"Sarajishvili Brandy Made in Georgia"
1651:
1631:"Spirited return for Armenian brandy"
1578:"How to drink like Winston Churchill"
1512:
1146:Brandy de Jerez Solera: 6 months old.
2511:"All about Cognac – Reading a label"
1779:participating institution membership
1473:
1390:
1346:Kirk-Othmer Food and Feed Technology
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
260:As described in the 1728 edition of
1930:
1645:
1613:"Armenian brandy's Churchill boast"
1506:
1455:A History of the World in 6 Glasses
1337:
565:, drunk during the festive season.
248:Initially, wine was distilled as a
160:. Brandy generally contains 35–60%
13:
2471:
2385:
2048:
1828:McGee, Harold (23 November 2004).
1363:
1312:
211:). These products are also called
168:) and is typically consumed as an
16:Spirit produced by distilling wine
14:
4612:
2597:
2455:. Southafrica.net. Archived from
1652:Prynn, Jonathan (23 March 2012).
1513:Prynn, Jonathan (23 March 2012).
1282:
935:originates from vineyards around
593:Terminology and legal definitions
2423:"Supplier of the Moscow Kremlin"
1482:
1232:
1218:
529:
306:" to describe alcohol content.)
2571:
2545:
2533:
2445:
2415:
2360:
2335:
2310:
2285:
2255:
2241:
2173:
2139:
2113:
2100:
2068:
2020:
2011:
1981:
1903:
1846:
1821:
1785:
1751:
1739:Charles Dubow (14 March 1998).
1732:
1676:
1604:
1568:
945:protected designation of origin
389:in reaction with copper in the
2696:History of alcoholic beverages
2084:. 27 June 2001. Archived from
2049:Branch, Legislative Services.
1546:"Armenia. The cognac republic"
1430:. Cambridge University Press.
1417:
803:qualities. Popular brands are
467:
412:Brandy is usually produced in
409:of components such as esters.
377:Brandy is made from so-called
217:(literally "water of life" in
1:
2540:Reglamento de Brandy de Jerez
2318:"Science and the Enterprises"
1275:
609:, which was derived from the
464:appearance of barrel ageing.
368:
195:In a broader sense, the term
2186:. Sourcebooks. p. 246.
2166:– via Google Scholar.
1910:Schidrowitz, Philip (1911).
1611:Renton, Alex (7 July 2011).
1142:classifies it according to:
1104:("very superior old pale"),
172:. Some brandies are aged in
7:
2123:. Prehn.com. Archived from
1211:
779:is made from grapes of the
176:. Others are coloured with
10:
4617:
2612:Collier's New Encyclopedia
974:, but is officially named
961:that produce only brandy (
696:be labelled as "immature".
675:, although the process of
472:
224:
18:
4565:
4124:
4110:
3944:
3753:
3530:
3526:
3512:
3321:
3095:
2859:
2855:
2841:
2741:
2688:
2684:
2673:
2152:. Rough Guides. pp.
1938:Oxford English Dictionary
1872:10.1017/S0007087421000649
1766:Oxford English Dictionary
1544:Vladimir Gendlin (2003).
1203:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1123:
710:German-speaking countries
130:
116:
106:
96:
83:
75:
65:
55:
37:
3968:Coconut and other palms
3340:Coconut and other palms
2711:History of Bordeaux wine
2368:"Коньяк не терпит суеты"
1575:Dockter, Warren (2015).
1496:, ed. (1728). "Brandy".
443:
355:founded a brandy factory
285:spirit of wine rectified
2796:Drinking establishments
2146:Ayliffe, Rosie (2003).
1923:Encyclopædia Britannica
1794:Leland, Charles Godfrey
1771:Oxford University Press
1659:London Evening Standard
1520:London Evening Standard
1397:Nicholas Faith (2013).
1373:Plants: Diet and Health
1307:Encyclopædia Britannica
637:. In Germany, the term
584:Historical medical uses
438:fractional distillation
426:continuous distillation
67:Country of origin
25:Brandy (disambiguation)
4003:Sugarcane or molasses
3440:Sugarcane or molasses
2679:History and production
2628:Encyclopedia Americana
2581:. Cognac Museum Moscow
1451:Standage, Tom (2006).
1138:
1070:, in Italian-speaking
999:South African brandies
988:Kizlyar Brandy Factory
881:
736:
617:, itself derived from
538:liquid used in making
295:
23:. For other uses, see
2726:History of Rioja wine
2217:The wines of Portugal
1424:L. M. Cullen (2002).
791:or from the renowned
731:
424:can also be used for
268:
170:after-dinner digestif
4437:Mammee apple flower
2716:History of Champagne
2427:www.kremlin-guild.ru
2030:. Laws.justice.gc.ca
1556:on 30 September 2007
937:Jerez de la Frontera
724:Varieties and brands
518:Brandy Old Fashioned
500:; these include the
434:South African brandy
190:south-western France
4487:Sugarcane/molasses
2930:Moscatel de Setúbal
2823:Yeast in winemaking
2811:Yeast in winemaking
2667:Alcoholic beverages
2521:on 23 December 2016
2214:Mayson, R. (2020).
2180:Herbst, R. (2017).
2127:on 13 November 2011
1969:on 17 December 2008
1830:On Food and Cooking
1769:(Online ed.).
1079:Labelling of grades
534:Brandy is a common
334:was established in
332:Ararat brandy brand
34:
4596:Andalusian cuisine
2721:History of Chianti
2689:History of alcohol
2433:on 18 October 2018
2348:. 15 November 2001
2055:laws.justice.gc.ca
1403:. Infinite Ideas.
1044:Stravecchio Branca
913:is distilled from
742:Christian Brothers
737:
568:Brandy is used to
440:in column stills.
418:batch distillation
387:copper(II) sulfate
352:David Sarajishvili
60:Distilled beverage
32:
4578:
4577:
4561:
4560:
4264:Chocolate liqueur
4225:Blackthorn shrub
4106:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4058:Various starches
3814:Tennessee whiskey
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3475:Various starches
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2731:History of Sherry
2564:978-5-94723-971-3
2273:on 8 January 2019
2227:978-1-910902-87-5
2193:978-1-4380-8163-2
2163:978-1-84353-071-8
2106:Lichine, Alexis.
1792:Barrère, Albert;
1777:(Subscription or
1494:Chambers, Ephraim
1114:("extra old") or
964:aguardente vínica
895:, and Fine de la
809:Baron de Sigognac
555:Christmas pudding
344:Winston Churchill
178:caramel colouring
162:alcohol by volume
144:
143:
86:Alcohol by volume
4608:
4601:Distilled drinks
4185:Herbs de Majorca
4159:Anisado Mallorca
4112:
4111:
3914:American whiskey
3905:Multiple grains
3794:Buckwheat whisky
3528:
3527:
3514:
3513:
3287:Multiple grains
2857:
2856:
2848:Fermented drinks
2843:
2842:
2749:Alcohol industry
2686:
2685:
2675:
2674:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2549:
2543:
2542:brandydejerez.es
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2517:. Archived from
2507:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2459:on 16 March 2012
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2429:. Archived from
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2269:. Archived from
2259:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1962:. Archived from
1961:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1874:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1741:"Cognac Q&A"
1736:
1730:
1729:
1707:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1552:. Archived from
1541:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1316:
1310:
1299:
1265:
1262:
1253:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1141:
1126:
1125:
1056:
1041:
1014:
995:Suppliers Guild.
886:
735:in barrels aging
578:cherries jubilee
506:Brandy Alexander
340:Yalta Conference
312:Black Sea region
131:Related products
89:
68:
42:
35:
31:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4557:
4526:Crème de cassis
4521:Crème de banane
4507:Various fruits
4376:Crème de menthe
4137:Crème de Noyaux
4120:
4098:
3940:
3924:Canadian whisky
3898:Kaoliang liquor
3804:Bourbon whiskey
3769:Japanese whisky
3749:
3718:Marillenschnaps
3694:Various fruits
3522:
3500:
3329:Agave americana
3317:
3091:
3046:Various fruits
2851:
2829:
2737:
2706:History of wine
2701:History of beer
2680:
2669:
2664:
2619:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2509:
2508:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2393:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2297:www.kkz1885.com
2293:"About factory"
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1908:
1904:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1826:
1822:
1805:
1803:
1796:, eds. (1889).
1790:
1786:
1776:
1760:"brandy-pawnee"
1756:
1752:
1745:Forbes magazine
1737:
1733:
1726:
1708:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1664:
1662:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1583:Daily Telegraph
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1542:
1538:
1525:
1523:
1511:
1507:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1300:
1283:
1278:
1263:
1260:
1251:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1134:Brandy de Jerez
1132:In the case of
1081:
1050:
1035:
1033:Vecchia Romagna
1008:
978:in Moldova and
933:Brandy de Jerez
837:comes from the
793:Tronçais Forest
781:Armagnac region
733:Brandy de Jerez
726:
595:
586:
572:dishes such as
532:
475:
470:
446:
371:
330:. In 1877, the
227:
84:
66:
51:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4614:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4250:Chili peppers
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4239:Cherry Heering
4233:
4232:
4231:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4037:Seco Herrerano
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:Mixiang Baijiu
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3534:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3521:by ingredients
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2850:by ingredients
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2622:"Brandy"
2617:
2606:"Brandy"
2599:
2598:External links
2596:
2593:
2592:
2570:
2563:
2544:
2532:
2497:
2482:"Brandy Bible"
2470:
2444:
2414:
2384:
2359:
2334:
2309:
2284:
2254:
2240:
2226:
2206:
2192:
2172:
2162:
2138:
2112:
2099:
2088:on 4 July 2019
2067:
2041:
2019:
2010:
1989:
1980:
1943:
1929:
1918:Chisholm, Hugh
1913:"Brandy"
1902:
1865:(4): 465–484.
1845:
1838:
1820:
1784:
1750:
1731:
1724:
1689:
1675:
1644:
1622:
1603:
1567:
1536:
1505:
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1465:
1443:
1436:
1416:
1409:
1389:
1382:
1362:
1355:
1336:
1311:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:Fortified wine
1266:
1259: – liquor
1254:
1244:
1243:
1229:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1157:Russian brandy
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1017:Emilia-Romagna
1006:Italian brandy
1003:
996:
984:
968:
951:
948:
930:
908:
902:
901:
900:
878:
832:
767:
757:
725:
722:
702:
701:
697:
693:
690:European Union
594:
591:
585:
582:
547:Christmas cake
531:
528:
474:
471:
469:
466:
445:
442:
370:
367:
363:Russian Empire
277:spirit of wine
239:fortified wine
235:triangle trade
226:
223:
142:
141:
132:
128:
127:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
94:
93:
90:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
43:
21:Brandy Norwood
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4613:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
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4589:
4588:
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4486:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4461:Grand Marnier
4459:
4457:
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4452:
4449:
4448:
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4439:
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4432:
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4427:
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4412:
4409:
4407:
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4402:
4399:
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4387:
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4382:
4379:
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4364:
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4348:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4321:Cream liqueur
4319:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4284:
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4230:
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4210:
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4200:
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4118:
4113:
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4093:
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4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
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3967:
3963:
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3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:Scotch whisky
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:Irish whiskey
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3744:
3741:
3739:
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3734:
3731:
3729:
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3599:
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3587:
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3583:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:Cashew apple
3551:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3511:
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3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Fermented tea
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3432:
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3422:
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3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
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3390:
3387:
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3384:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3367:
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3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Shaoxing wine
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
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3192:
3189:
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3179:
3177:
3174:
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3159:
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3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
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3132:
3129:
3127:
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3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
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3107:
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3076:
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3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:Prickly pear
3035:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
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2896:
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2890:
2886:
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2878:
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2875:
2871:
2868:
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2864:
2862:
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2849:
2844:
2840:
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2821:
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2816:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
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2641:
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2580:
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2323:
2319:
2313:
2298:
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2288:
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2268:
2264:
2258:
2251:. 5 May 2018.
2250:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2219:
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2210:
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2189:
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2184:
2176:
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2159:
2155:
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2103:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2077:
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2056:
2052:
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2029:
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2014:
1999:
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1984:
1965:
1958:
1952:
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1839:9780684800011
1835:
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1761:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1725:9780199742707
1721:
1717:
1713:
1712:"5.2. Brandy"
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1633:. 8 June 2004
1632:
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1592:
1588:
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1551:
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1521:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1489:public domain
1479:
1477:
1468:
1466:9780802715524
1462:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1439:
1437:9780521890984
1433:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1410:9781906821791
1406:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1383:9781405147729
1379:
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1374:
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1356:9780470174487
1352:
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1226:Liquor portal
1221:
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1187:
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949:
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:
928:
927:Black Corinth
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:
906:
905:Cyprus brandy
903:
898:
894:
890:
885:
884:
879:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Cognac region
836:
833:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
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768:
765:
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758:
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751:
747:
746:E&J Gallo
743:
739:
738:
734:
730:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
698:
694:
691:
687:
686:
685:
682:
680:
679:
674:
670:
665:
663:
662:pomace brandy
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
640:
636:
635:
630:
629:
624:
620:
619:gebrande wijn
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
590:
581:
579:
575:
574:crêpe Suzette
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:brandy butter
548:
543:
541:
537:
530:Culinary uses
527:
525:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
465:
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423:
419:
415:
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398:
394:
392:
388:
384:
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375:
366:
365:at the time.
364:
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353:
349:
348:Joseph Stalin
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
307:
305:
301:
294:
292:
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290:balneo mariae
286:
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258:
256:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
222:
220:
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210:
206:
205:pomace brandy
202:
198:
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179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
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140:
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121:pomace brandy
119:
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105:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
78:
74:
70:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
47:in a typical
46:
45:Cognac brandy
41:
36:
30:
26:
22:
3809:Corn whiskey
3713:Himbeergeist
3697:
3605:
3566:Kirschwasser
3328:
3026:Pomegranate
2920:Marsala wine
2915:Madeira wine
2806:Simple syrup
2801:Fermentation
2791:Distillation
2626:
2610:
2583:. Retrieved
2573:
2553:
2547:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2519:the original
2514:
2488:. Retrieved
2461:. Retrieved
2457:the original
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2431:the original
2426:
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2403:(in Russian)
2401:Nnov.kp.ru -
2400:
2375:. Retrieved
2371:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2345:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2296:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2266:
2257:
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2216:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2182:
2175:
2167:
2148:
2141:
2129:. Retrieved
2125:the original
2115:
2107:
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2086:the original
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1992:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1964:the original
1937:
1932:
1921:
1905:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1832:. Scribner.
1829:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1804:. Retrieved
1798:
1787:
1764:
1753:
1744:
1734:
1715:
1678:
1670:
1663:. Retrieved
1657:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1625:
1616:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1582:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1549:
1539:
1531:
1524:. Retrieved
1518:
1508:
1497:
1454:
1446:
1426:
1419:
1399:
1392:
1372:
1365:
1345:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:
1314:
1305:
1257:Dutch brandy
1240:Drink portal
1155:
1131:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1082:
1062:
979:
975:
971:
962:
911:Greek brandy
813:Larressingle
764:Ararat plain
705:
703:
683:
676:
666:
658:fruit brandy
647:
642:
638:
632:
626:
618:
614:
606:
602:
598:
596:
587:
567:
544:
533:
524:Anglo-Indian
522:
514:Brandy Daisy
495:
476:
447:
422:column still
411:
399:
395:
376:
372:
314:, including
308:
296:
288:
284:
280:
276:
269:
261:
259:
255:wooden casks
250:preservation
247:
231:distillation
228:
212:
209:fruit brandy
196:
194:
174:wooden casks
153:produced by
146:
145:
125:fruit brandy
79:15th century
29:
4472:Star anise
4366:Bénédictine
4326:Irish cream
4062:Aguardiente
4007:Aguardiente
3879:Rye whiskey
3389:Ginger wine
3106:Barley wine
3070:Mulled wine
3020:Plum jerkum
2990:Lychee wine
2980:Longan wine
2905:Bokbunja-ju
2895:Bignay wine
2885:Banana wine
2880:Banana beer
2754:Bathtub gin
2346:www.trud.ru
2081:Cyprus Mail
1550:Коммерсантъ
1072:Switzerland
1051: [
1036: [
1009: [
953:Portuguese
915:Muscat wine
875:Courvoisier
859:Rémy Martin
754:Paul Masson
673:"applejack"
559:mulled wine
502:Brandy Sour
491:tulip glass
468:Consumption
450:oak barrels
420:), but the
263:Cyclopaedia
107:Ingredients
4585:Categories
4531:Limoncello
4466:Triple sec
4441:Eau créole
4411:Irish Mist
4396:Bärenjäger
4351:Frangelico
4281:Cloudberry
4260:Chocolate
4244:Maraschino
3790:Buckwheat
3703:Eau de vie
3006:Pineapple
2970:Duhat wine
2966:Java plum
2960:White wine
2818:Winemaking
2742:Production
2233:25 January
2199:25 January
1781:required.)
1637:21 January
1596:19 October
1276:References
1248:Cut brandy
1196:Hors d'âge
1124:Hors d'âge
1029:Grignolino
1025:Sangiovese
891:, Fine de
639:Branntwein
615:brandewijn
607:brandywine
603:brandewine
540:pan sauces
516:, and the
487:wine glass
414:pot stills
407:hydrolysis
391:pot stills
369:Technology
253:stored in
214:eau de vie
203:(yielding
155:distilling
98:Proof (US)
76:Introduced
4516:Cedratine
4481:Sassolino
4451:Cointreau
4371:Brennivín
4347:Hazelnut
4311:Tia Maria
4270:Cinnamon
4254:Pertsivka
4219:Bierlikör
4022:Desi daru
3784:Bierbrand
3678:Tsikoudia
3641:Slivovitz
3541:Applejack
3419:Kabarawan
3395:Galangal
3349:Palm wine
3226:Rice wine
3206:Makgeolli
3141:Oshikundu
3060:Hippocras
2945:Rosé wine
2935:Port wine
2901:Bokbunja
2774:Lautering
2437:7 January
2407:7 January
2377:7 January
2372:expert.ru
2352:7 January
2327:7 January
2302:7 January
2277:8 January
2267:bigenc.ru
1897:237617567
1881:0007-0874
1591:0307-1235
919:Savatiano
893:Bourgogne
706:Weinbrand
643:Weinbrand
634:brennivín
597:The term
536:deglazing
498:cocktails
481:) from a
379:base wine
300:gunpowder
4591:Brandies
4541:Sloe gin
4536:Schnapps
4501:Licor 43
4497:Vanilla
4491:Charanda
4422:Juniper
4401:Drambuie
4336:Advocaat
4292:Coconut
4229:Patxaran
4168:Anisette
4147:Absinthe
4132:Amaretto
4117:Liqueurs
3982:Lambanog
3890:Sorghum
3829:Cheongju
3683:Tsipouro
3627:Juniper
3601:Armagnac
3546:Calvados
3489:Parakari
3469:Kombucha
3369:Tunggang
3344:Bahalina
3311:Huangjiu
3277:Sorghum
3231:Rượu cần
3196:Gwaha-ju
3131:Tesgüino
3055:Dubonnet
3050:Conditum
3040:Colonche
2955:Vermouth
2940:Red wine
2925:Mistelle
2585:14 March
2463:12 March
2322:RTG CORP
2131:12 March
2034:12 March
1889:34558394
1617:BBC News
1320:"Brandy"
1212:See also
1116:Napoléon
1102:V.S.O.P.
1089:Armagnac
1063:barrique
1048:Stock 84
1002:quality.
955:Lourinhã
941:sherries
889:Bordeaux
871:Delamain
863:Hennessy
797:Auvergne
789:Limousin
777:Armagnac
628:brännvin
625:include
623:cognates
403:volatile
316:Bulgaria
272:cucurbit
186:Armagnac
166:US proof
164:(70–120
135:Armagnac
117:Variants
102:70°–120°
4547:Walnut
4511:Campari
4456:Curaçao
4447:Orange
4431:Jenever
4416:Krupnik
4361:Aquavit
4302:Coffee
4274:Tentura
4235:Cherry
4209:Sambuca
4194:Mastika
4178:Hierbas
4152:Anisado
4128:Almond
4077:Horilka
4067:Akvavit
4017:Clairin
4012:Cachaça
3962:Tequila
3839:Lao-Lao
3824:Awamori
3760:Barley
3754:Cereals
3743:Schnaps
3733:Pálinka
3723:Nalewka
3688:Zivania
3621:Zivania
3562:Cherry
3519:Liquors
3385:Ginger
3221:Pangasi
3181:Choujiu
3161:Amazake
3137:Millet
3126:Tejuino
3102:Barley
3096:Cereals
3085:Sangria
3010:Tepache
2986:Lychee
2976:Longan
2891:Bignay
2876:Banana
2769:Malting
2764:Brewery
2759:Brewing
2631:. 1920.
2615:. 1921.
2525:9 March
2490:3 March
2092:23 July
2060:18 July
2003:22 July
1973:3 March
1920:(ed.).
1665:6 March
1560:28 July
1526:6 March
1491::
1329:22 July
1304:at the
1106:Reserve
993:Kremlin
923:Sultana
847:Martell
829:Janneau
821:Laubade
805:Darroze
801:vintage
785:Gascony
718:Germany
714:Austria
688:In the
678:jacking
510:Sidecar
483:snifter
473:Serving
383:sulphur
359:Tbilisi
336:Yerevan
328:Armenia
324:Georgia
225:History
49:snifter
4551:Nocino
4476:Pastis
4406:Glayva
4392:Honey
4386:Unicum
4381:Metaxa
4357:Herbs
4341:Eggnog
4317:Cream
4306:Kahlúa
4296:Malibu
4143:Anise
4087:Shōchū
4082:Poitín
4072:Bangla
4052:Tharra
3993:Dairy
3977:Laksoy
3972:Arrack
3957:Mezcal
3934:Whisky
3929:Shōchū
3919:Baijiu
3894:Baijiu
3884:Starka
3854:Shochu
3844:Lihing
3834:Cholai
3800:Maize
3698:Brandy
3663:Grappa
3658:Chacha
3653:Pomace
3611:Cognac
3606:Brandy
3592:Grape
3586:Boukha
3572:Dates
3537:Apple
3494:Ibwatu
3484:Chicha
3430:Sugar
3405:Honey
3375:Dairy
3334:Pulque
3281:Pendhā
3201:Hariya
3191:Dansul
3171:Beopju
3146:Tongba
3075:Nabidh
2950:Sherry
2911:Grape
2866:Apple
2561:
2224:
2190:
2160:
2149:Turkey
1895:
1887:
1879:
1836:
1722:
1589:
1463:
1434:
1407:
1380:
1353:
1302:Brandy
1136:, the
1085:Cognac
1068:Ticino
1059:grappa
1046:, and
1021:Veneto
980:Vinars
972:coniac
947:(PDO).
925:, and
867:Frapin
835:Cognac
817:Delord
771:France
760:Ararat
752:, and
750:Korbel
669:grappa
650:pomace
599:brandy
570:flambé
563:eggnog
553:, and
512:, the
508:, the
504:, the
461:solera
430:Cognac
320:Crimea
318:, the
281:brandy
219:French
201:pomace
197:brandy
182:Cognac
151:liquor
147:Brandy
139:Cognac
92:35–60%
88:
71:France
33:Brandy
4286:Lakka
4215:Beer
4092:Vodka
4042:Sulai
4027:Guaro
3997:Arkhi
3987:Sotol
3952:Agave
3945:Other
3864:Sulai
3820:Rice
3780:Beer
3738:Rakia
3708:Geist
3673:Orujo
3646:Țuică
3637:Plum
3616:Pisco
3576:Araqi
3531:Fruit
3479:Cauim
3454:Palek
3449:Intus
3434:Kilju
3414:Byais
3399:Byais
3379:Kumis
3364:Tuhak
3322:Other
3271:Kvass
3261:Tapuy
3256:Tapai
3251:Sonti
3216:Mirin
3211:Mijiu
3186:Chuak
3156:Agkud
3152:Rice
3121:Pozol
3116:Mageu
3112:Corn
3080:Pruno
3065:Jabol
3030:Rimon
3016:Plum
3000:Perry
2996:Pear
2870:Cider
2860:Fruit
2784:Yeast
2485:(PDF)
1967:(PDF)
1960:(PDF)
1916:. In
1893:S2CID
1806:4 May
1775:
1055:]
1040:]
1013:]
983:old).
976:Divin
897:Marne
855:Otard
851:Camus
825:Gélas
613:word
611:Dutch
489:or a
457:casks
444:Aging
304:proof
188:from
149:is a
4570:List
4332:Egg
4204:Rakı
4199:Ouzo
4173:Arak
4047:Sura
3874:Korn
3870:Rye
3859:Soju
3728:Oghi
3668:Marc
3596:Arak
3582:Fig
3556:Feni
3460:Tea
3444:Basi
3424:Mead
3409:Bais
3359:Tubâ
3354:Tuak
3306:Boza
3301:Beer
3267:Rye
3241:Sato
3236:Sake
3176:Brem
2779:Wort
2587:2018
2559:ISBN
2527:2015
2492:2024
2465:2012
2439:2019
2409:2019
2379:2019
2354:2019
2329:2019
2304:2019
2279:2019
2235:2023
2222:ISBN
2201:2023
2188:ISBN
2158:ISBN
2133:2012
2094:2014
2062:2017
2036:2012
2005:2014
1975:2011
1885:PMID
1877:ISSN
1834:ISBN
1814:pāni
1808:2022
1720:ISBN
1667:2015
1639:2024
1598:2017
1587:ISSN
1562:2007
1528:2015
1461:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1331:2014
1182:КВВК
1096:V.S.
1087:and
1027:and
1019:and
883:Fine
873:and
843:Hine
827:and
716:and
654:must
631:and
576:and
561:and
485:, a
479:neat
432:and
326:and
184:and
158:wine
111:wine
56:Type
4426:Gin
4032:Rum
3909:Ara
3631:Gin
3296:Ara
3291:Ale
3166:Apo
1867:doi
1324:BBC
1199:").
959:PDO
795:in
787:or
769:In
605:or
454:oak
357:in
279:or
243:rum
221:).
4587::
2625:.
2609:.
2513:.
2500:^
2473:^
2425:.
2399:.
2387:^
2370:.
2320:.
2295:.
2265:.
2156:.
2154:57
2078:.
2053:.
1946:^
1891:.
1883:.
1875:.
1863:54
1861:.
1857:.
1810:.
1763:.
1743:.
1714:.
1692:^
1669:.
1656:.
1615:.
1585:.
1581:.
1548:.
1530:.
1517:.
1475:^
1322:.
1284:^
1204:ОС
1190:КС
1174:КВ
1112:XO
1053:it
1042:,
1038:it
1011:it
921:,
869:,
865:,
861:,
857:,
853:,
849:,
845:,
823:,
819:,
815:,
811:,
807:,
773::
748:,
744:,
720:.
549:,
520:.
342:,
322:,
270:A
192:.
137:,
123:,
3900:)
3896:(
2659:e
2652:t
2645:v
2589:.
2567:.
2529:.
2494:.
2467:.
2441:.
2411:.
2381:.
2356:.
2331:.
2306:.
2281:.
2237:.
2203:.
2135:.
2096:.
2064:.
2038:.
2007:.
1977:.
1899:.
1869::
1842:.
1773:.
1747:.
1728:.
1641:.
1619:.
1600:.
1564:.
1469:.
1440:.
1413:.
1386:.
1359:.
1333:.
899:.
831:.
756:.
416:(
27:.
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