361:
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50:
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42:
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86:
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2555:, Herodotus says that Armenian wine merchants in the fifth century BC could carry nearly 25 tons of wine along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to Babylon. Most wine histories say that Herodotus wrote that wine was transported in 'barrels made of palm tree wood' . But The Armenians didn't have the wood to make the barrels. Herodotus uses the term
2166:(dry groceries), such as flour or produce. Traditionally, a barrel is 196 pounds (89 kg) of flour (wheat or rye), with other substances such as pork subject to more local variation. In modern times, produce barrels for all dry goods, excepting cranberries, contain 7,056 cubic inches, about 115.627 L.
1013:
tends to affect the composition of this share. Drier conditions tend to make the barrels evaporate more water, strengthening the spirit. However, in higher humidities, more alcohol than water will evaporate, therefore reducing the alcoholic strength of the product. This alcoholic evaporate encourages
902:
are sometimes aged in barrels which were previously used for maturing wines or spirits. This is most common in darker beers such as stout, which is sometimes aged in oak barrels identical to those used for whiskey. Whisky distiller
Jameson notably purchases barrels used by Franciscan Well brewery for
2169:
In the northeastern United States, nails, bolts, and plumbing fittings were commonly shipped in small rough barrels. These were small, 18 inches high by about 10–12 inches in diameter. The wood was the quality of pallet lumber. The binding was sometimes by wire or metal hoops or both. This practice
257:. Wine was shipped in barrels of 119 litres (31 US gal; 26 imp gal). A barrel of oil, defined as 42 US gallons (35 imp gal; 160 L), is still used as a measure of volume for oil, although oil is no longer shipped in barrels. The barrel has also come into use as a
323:
in Alpine villages who stored their beverages in wooden casks bound with hoops. Pliny identified three different types of coopers: ordinary coopers, wine coopers and coopers who made large casks. Large casks contain more and bigger staves and are correspondingly more difficult to assemble. Roman
836:
standard whiskey barrel size worldwide. Some distillers transfer their whiskey into different barrels to "finish" or add qualities to the final product. These finishing barrels frequently aged a different spirit (such as rum) or wine. Other distillers, particularly those producing Scotch, often
873:
are aged in oak barrels to mellow its flavor. "Reposado" tequila is aged for a period of two months to one year, "Añejo" tequila is aged for up to three years, and "Extra Añejo" tequila is aged for at least three years. Like with other spirits, longer aging results in a more pronounced flavor.
1131:
Earlier, another size of whiskey barrel was the most common size; this was the 40 US gallons (33.3 imp gal; 151.4 L) barrel for proof spirits, which was of the same volume as five US bushels. However, by 1866, the oil barrel was standardized at 42 US gallons.
754:
is stored in 600-litre (130 imp gal; 160 US gal) casks made of North
American oak, which is slightly more porous than French or Spanish oak. The casks, or butts, are filled five-sixths full, leaving "the space of two fists" empty at the top to allow
245:, referring to a set capacity or weight of a given commodity. For example, in the UK and Ireland, a barrel of beer refers to a quantity of 36 imperial gallons (160 L; 43 US gal), and is distinguished from other unit measurements, such as
827:
Since the U.S. law requires the use of new barrels for several popular types of whiskey, which is not typically considered necessary elsewhere, whiskey made elsewhere is usually aged in used barrels that previously contained
American whiskey (usually
641:(high-density polyethylene) tanks. Wine can also be fermented in large wooden tanks, which—when open to the atmosphere—are called "open-tops". Other wooden cooperage for storing wine or spirits range from smaller barriques to huge casks, with either
1317:, with dry barrels, fluid barrels (UK beer barrel, US beer barrel), oil barrel, etc. The volume of some barrel units is double others, with various volumes in the range of about 100–200 litres (22–44 imp gal; 26–53 US gal).
599:. The presence of these compounds depends on many factors, including the place of origin, how the staves were cut and dried, and the degree of "toast" applied during manufacture. Barrels used for aging are typically made of French or American
2669:
277:, dating to 2600 BC, shows a wooden tub used to measure wheat and constructed of staves bound together with wooden hoops. Another Egyptian tomb painting dating to 1900 BC shows a cooper and tubs made of staves in use at the grape harvest.
580:, very little water evaporates and so most of the loss is alcohol, a useful trick if one has a wine with very high proof. Most beverages are topped up from other barrels to prevent significant oxidation, although others such as
953:
is marketed as having a "barrel-aged" flavor, and the syrup used to produce the beverage was originally aged in oak barrels when first manufactured in the 19th century. Whether the syrup continues to be aged in oak is unclear.
653:
will replace a certain percentage of its barrels every year, although this can vary from 5 to 100%. Some winemakers use "200% new oak", where the wine is put into new oak barrels twice during the aging process.
1257:. While wooden hoops could require barrels to be "fully hooped", with hoops stacked tightly together along the entire top and bottom third of a barrel, iron-hooped barrels only require a few hoops on each end.
648:
The tastes yielded by French and
American species of oak are slightly different, with French oak being subtler, while American oak gives stronger aromas. To retain the desired measure of oak influence, a
1207:
evenly in the material by making the container more curved. Barrels have reinforced edges to enable safe displacement by rolling them at an angle (in addition to rolling on their sides as described).
2783:
2677:
1139:, but the 42 US gallon size is still used as a unit of measurement for pricing and tax and regulatory codes. Each barrel is refined into about 20 US gallons (17 imp gal; 76 L) of
409:. These items required considerable craftsmanship to hold liquids and might be bound with finely-worked precious metals. They were highly valued items and were sometimes buried with the dead as
2913:
824:
must "be aged in small wood for not less than three years", and "small wood" is defined as a wood barrel not exceeding 700 litres (150 imp gal; 180 US gal) capacity.
386:
and the staves were 38 mm (1.5 in) thick and featured grooves where the heads fitted. They had Roman numerals scratched on the surface of each stave to help with re-assembly.
2857:
235:
Early casks were bound with wooden hoops and in the 19th century these were gradually replaced by metal hoops that were stronger, more durable and took up less space.
837:
disassemble five used bourbon barrels and reassemble them into four casks with different barrel ends for aging Scotch, creating a type of cask referred to as a
378:
Empty casks were used to line the walls of shallow wells from at least Roman times. Such casks were found in 1897 during archaeological excavations of Roman
2895:
3027:
2780:
127:
Barrels have a variety of uses, including storage of liquids such as water, oil, and alcohol. They are also employed to hold maturing beverages such as
2744:
853:, which is typically aged in oak casks. The wood used for those barrels is selected because of its ability to transfer certain aromas to the spirit.
297:
1082:
a particularly difficult substance to contain in staved containers. Oil coopers were probably the most skilled coopers in pre-industrial cooperage.
360:
3234:
806:) must be stored for at least two years in new, charred oak containers. Other forms of whiskey aged in used barrels cannot be called "straight".
2920:
2969:
2849:
2722:
2998:
4368:
3159:
2154:
The modern US beer barrel is 31 US gallons (117.34777 L), half a gallon less than the traditional wine barrel (26 U.S.C. §5051).
4278:
2649:
2128:
containers of any size as barrels, in the UK this is strictly correct only if the container holds 36 imperial gallons. The terms "
3131:
3035:
2471:
759:
to develop on top of the wine. Sherry is also commonly swapped between barrels of different ages, a process that is known as
1175:
3680:
3109:
1124:, and permitted both British and American merchants to refer to the same unit, based on the old English wine measure, the
798:
Laws in several jurisdictions require that whiskey be aged in wooden barrels. The law in the United States requires that "
4823:
3189:
2591:
4664:
2702:
1199:
a well-built wooden barrel on its side and allows the roller to change directions with little friction, compared to a
1165:
4803:
4634:
3482:
2723:"Canadian Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870) – Canadian Whisky, Canadian Rye Whisky or Rye Whisky (B.02.020)"
2537:
723:
479:
705:
461:
4808:
4604:
1260:
Wine barrels typically come in two hoop configurations. An
American barrel features six hoops, from top to center:
907:
is aged in the barrel (usually steel) for a short time before serving. Extensive barrel aging is required of many
120:
is often used for large containers for liquids, usually alcoholic beverages; a small barrel or cask is known as a
49:
4338:
4192:
4037:
2880:
2170:
seems to have been prevalent up till the 1980s. Older hardware stores probably still have some of these barrels.
1817:
1776:
1771:
for liquids (the corn gallon of 268.8 cubic inches for solids). In
Britain, the wine gallon was replaced by the
1253:. These are usually made of galvanized iron, though historically they were made of flexible bits of wood called
1125:
4443:
2766:
701:
457:
2955:
2144:
1812:
1156:
353:
to hurl burning barrels of tar into besieged towns to start fires. The Romans also used empty barrels to make
246:
4554:
3507:
2736:
832:). The typical bourbon barrel is 53 US gallons (200 L; 44 imp gal) in size, which is thus the
509:
4818:
3710:
983:
924:
553:
63:
4599:
4483:
3715:
3497:
790:
and resting in a rack house for a period of typically 4 to 9 years (for good-quality bourbon), with the
324:
coopers tended to be independent tradesmen, passing their skills on to their sons. The Greek geographer
4843:
4242:
2800:
1800:
4697:
4659:
4589:
4579:
3517:
3377:
3304:
3219:
2914:"Whiskey Aging Warehouses and the Effects to Surrounding Residential Neighborhoods in Louisville, Ky"
2374:
2340:
2306:
2272:
638:
229:
662:
or added commercial oak flavoring instead of being aged in a barrel because of the much lower cost.
637:
Some wines are fermented "on barrel", as opposed to in a neutral container like steel or wine-grade
4848:
4838:
4584:
4453:
4052:
3472:
3442:
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686:
442:
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989:
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28:
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from dwellings (so that it may be used for irrigation or other purposes). This usage, known as
108:
container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden
888:
41:
4762:
4712:
4692:
4639:
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3922:
3645:
3640:
3299:
3289:
3264:
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2353:
2319:
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35:
939:
is aged for three years in previously used oak whiskey barrels since its invention in 1868.
858:
619:, which imparts an unusual, minty-piney flavor. In Peru and Chile, a grape distillate named
4833:
4732:
4594:
4122:
3437:
3269:
2132:" and "cask" refer to containers of any size, the distinction being that kegs are used for
1310:
1191:
A half-completed beer barrel; in wine barrel cooperage this set-up is called "mise en rose"
1033:
965:
608:
270:
2488:
516:
8:
4828:
4619:
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4227:
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3947:
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2220:
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1200:
213:
1280:, located between the quarter- and bilge hoops (see "wine barrel parts" illustration).
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4747:
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2508:
1020:, which tends to appear on the exterior surfaces of most things in the immediate area.
998:
971:
529:
3153:
1195:
Barrels have a convex shape and bulge at their center, called bilge. This facilitates
591:
Beverages aged in wooden barrels take on some of the compounds in the barrel, such as
296:
In Europe, buckets and casks dating to 200 BC have been found preserved in the mud of
4752:
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342:(barrels or wine-jars) were lined with pitch to stop leakage and preserve the wine.
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1204:
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136:
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and other organic oils were also placed in wooden casks for storage or transport.
4727:
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132:
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2403:"Oak Used To Create Casks For Aging Spirits Such As Made At Terebelo Distillery"
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3412:
3337:
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1037:
596:
576:, a portion known as the "angels' share". In an environment with 100% relative
354:
2140:
undergo part of their fermentation process in their containers, called casks.
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4644:
4539:
4509:
4458:
4448:
4393:
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4182:
4152:
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1094:
1057:
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549:
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346:
242:
180:
20:
2698:
508:
oak barrel with a capacity of 200,000 Champagne bottles was created for the
4288:
4217:
4147:
4137:
4127:
4112:
4047:
3952:
3832:
3812:
3805:
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2435:
2235:
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1780:
1143:, the rest becoming other products such as jet fuel and heating oil, using
1118:
803:
492:
365:
312:
258:
196:
109:
85:
71:
19:
This article is about the container. For use as a unit of measurement, see
212:) has been used. Someone who makes traditional wooden barrels is called a
4569:
4534:
4408:
4197:
4072:
4057:
4022:
4002:
3992:
3932:
3912:
3857:
3780:
3595:
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3462:
3347:
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1276:(times two), while a French barrel features eight, including a so-called
1075:
1006:
893:
740:
626:
616:
573:
410:
390:
301:
105:
2368:
2334:
903:
their
Shandon Stout to produce a whisky branded as "Jameson Caskmates".
4649:
4629:
4519:
4388:
4313:
4202:
4117:
3982:
3942:
3917:
3882:
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2919:. Louisville, Kentucky: Louisville, Kentucky government. Archived from
2300:
2266:
1187:
1136:
950:
600:
383:
379:
185:
75:
24:
2143:
Casks are available in several sizes, and it is common to refer to "a
4742:
4549:
4343:
4232:
4222:
4212:
4167:
4142:
3987:
3872:
3827:
3770:
3537:
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3314:
3198:
2779:"Casks (barrels, butts, punchons, pipes, barriques, and hogsheads)",
2163:
2148:
1284:
1121:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1083:
1079:
1071:
908:
783:
659:
655:
581:
350:
278:
254:
178:
Modern wooden barrels for wine-making are made of French common oak (
164:
144:
2850:"Soda: The Dubious History (and Great Flavor) of Vernors Ginger Ale"
2758:
2504:
2421:
2402:
1093:
Wooden casks were also used to store mineral oil. The standard size
675:
431:
45:
Traditional oak barrels made by
Chilean cooperage Tonelería Nacional
4564:
4514:
4423:
4293:
4252:
4082:
4007:
3997:
3902:
3837:
3740:
3725:
3670:
3610:
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3352:
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2200:
2195:
2137:
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1140:
1087:
1062:
1041:
1010:
904:
838:
814:
642:
604:
592:
577:
319:(died 79 AD) reported that cooperage in Europe originated with the
305:
250:
217:
68:
778:
393:
Britain, wooden barrels were used to store ale, butter, honey and
289:
425 BC) allegedly reports the use of "palm-wood casks" in ancient
4303:
4298:
4247:
3957:
3705:
3560:
2568:
2532:. Mariner books. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 109.
1196:
1014:
the growth of a darkly colored fungus, the angels' share fungus,
947:
870:
569:
564:
where oxygen is deliberately added). Oxygen enters a barrel when
533:
290:
274:
148:
90:
79:
4717:
4102:
3800:
3665:
3630:
3625:
3600:
2699:"ASIL Insight: WTO Protections for Food Geographic Indications"
1807:
1788:
1784:
1768:
1314:
1002:
997:"Angels' share" is a term for the portion (share) of a wine or
976:
850:
761:
751:
650:
585:
557:
537:
337:
325:
172:
156:
140:
1135:
Oil has not been shipped in barrels since the introduction of
4107:
4027:
3927:
3650:
3152:
1254:
1227:
1219:
1114:
1066:
Blue 55-US gallon (44 imp gal, 200 L) barrel (drum)
621:
565:
320:
113:
3167:
2567:
probably means 'Phoenician,' referring to a
Phoenician-type
2489:"The cask age: The technology and history of wooden barrels"
308:
has yielded one complete tub and a number of wooden staves.
293:, but some modern scholarship disputes this interpretation.
3937:
3877:
3615:
1288:
1215:
1029:
899:
756:
744:
612:
556:. When a wine or spirit ages in a barrel, small amounts of
545:
406:
394:
160:
152:
128:
2824:
560:
are introduced as the barrel lets some air in (compare to
397:. Drinking-containers were also made from small staves of
4032:
3735:
3730:
3720:
3605:
3575:
2129:
1763:
Pre-1824 definitions continued to be used in the US, the
1249:, and the rings that hold the staves together are called
1211:
809:
International laws require any whisky bearing the label "
541:
402:
398:
121:
163:. Other commodities once stored in wooden casks include
1150:
817:
for a minimum of three years and one day in oak casks.
1040:) adequate (waterproof) roof-covering and an adequate
2136:
intended to be served using external gas cylinders.
611:
are also used. Some Asian beverages (e.g., Japanese
2162:Barrels are also used as a unit of measurement for
794:
giving the bourbon its characteristic copper color.
345:Barrels were sometimes used for military purposes.
2881:"The mystery of the warehouse stains (Animacules)"
2367:
2333:
2299:
2265:
1283:The opening at the center of a barrel is called a
1237:The wooden parts that make up a barrel are called
964:"Angels' Share" redirects here. For the film, see
857:is aged only in oak casks made from wood from the
658:are sometimes more cheaply flavored by soaking in
67:Modern stainless steel casks and kegs outside the
1070:Wooden casks of various sizes were used to store
4795:
2264:
3235:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
1157:Cooper (profession) § Construction process
216:. Today, barrels and casks can also be made of
2298:
1226:in their openings. Before serving the beer, a
3183:
2598:, translated by John Bostock, H.T. Riley, Ed.
2559:to refer to the vessel holding the wine, and
2366:
2332:
993:on bark, top, with an unaffected sample below
3163:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1117:). This measurement originated in the early
1028:Water barrels are often used to collect the
743:with glass barrel head to show the layer of
4369:Hazard analysis and critical control points
3069:
1787:, which explains from where the quarter, 8
704:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
496:Wine barrels in Napa Valley, California, US
460:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
34:"Cask" redirects here. For other uses, see
3190:
3176:
3044:
2905:
2843:
2841:
2734:
2624:
2622:
861:and more often from the Limousin forests.
4279:Automatic identification and data capture
2872:
2664:
2662:
2466:. Linden Publishing Company. p. 91.
1009:during aging in oak barrels. The ambient
724:Learn how and when to remove this message
480:Learn how and when to remove this message
3147:
2716:
2400:
1291:. The latter is generally made of white
1186:
1174:
1164:
1061:
982:
970:
887:
777:
735:
515:
499:
491:
359:
84:
62:
48:
40:
3124:"How big is the U.S. dry goods barrel?"
2838:
2619:
2428:
1767:of 231 cubic inches being the standard
927:is aged in a series of wooden barrels.
89:Wooden wine barrel at an exhibition in
4796:
3023:Ireland 1603–1702, Society and History
3019:
2911:
2659:
2525:
849:Maturing is very important for a good
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2014:
1965:
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1320:
1287:and the stopper used to seal it is a
1241:, the top and bottom are both called
520:Opened Japanese Sake barrel for move.
364:Pyramidal pile of herring barrels in
3681:Flexible intermediate bulk container
2912:Byland, Hannah (September 4, 2012).
2388:participating institution membership
2354:participating institution membership
2320:participating institution membership
2286:participating institution membership
1779:later became the petrol barrel. The
1151:Barrel shape, construction and parts
702:adding citations to reliable sources
669:
458:adding citations to reliable sources
425:
421:
2860:from the original on 5 January 2017
2705:from the original on 14 August 2007
2640:
979:aging produces fungus on the walls.
919:
13:
4665:Vertical form fill sealing machine
2419:
2124:Although it is common to refer to
14:
4860:
4635:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
3483:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
3141:
3102:"27 CFR 25.11 - Meaning of terms"
2401:Terebelo, Binyomin (2022-01-01).
1230:is hammered into the shive and a
813:" to be distilled and matured in
171:, fish, paint, honey, nails, and
4779:
4778:
4605:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
3134:from the original on 2012-09-26.
3112:from the original on 2017-07-09.
2958:from the original on 2005-09-05.
2901:from the original on 2016-03-03.
2801:"Tabasco Sauce History and Lore"
2790:. Accessed on December 17, 2015.
2769:from the original on 2015-01-03.
2747:from the original on 2015-01-03.
2725:. Accessed on December 15, 2010.
2647:Oak Barrels: French vs. American
2493:Packaging Technology and Science
1794:
1105:product (abbreviated bbl) is 42
1023:
959:
930:
674:
430:
200:), more exotic is mizunara oak (
4339:Electronic article surveillance
4193:Shock and vibration data logger
4038:Linear low-density polyethylene
3116:
3094:
3013:
2991:
2962:
2938:
2817:
2793:
2773:
2751:
2735:Lew Bryson (22 December 2008).
2728:
2691:
2631:
2610:
2601:
2585:
2576:
2519:
261:for a wooden cask of any size.
4444:Radio-frequency identification
3005:. 19 July 2005. Archived from
2526:Rogers, Adam (2014). "Aging".
2480:
2453:
2413:
2394:
2360:
2326:
2292:
2258:
1203:. It also helps to distribute
1047:
1038:rainwater barrel or water butt
942:
524:An "ageing barrel" is used to
382:in Britain. They were made of
1:
4555:Extended core stretch wrapper
3508:Single-serve coffee container
3197:
3077:"English Beer and Ale Barrel"
2670:"27 C.F.R. sec 5.22(b)(1)(i)"
2252:
1791:or 64 (wine) gallons, comes.
935:The pepper mash used to make
914:
416:
369:
333:
329:
286:
282:
3711:Insulated shipping container
2999:"What's In A Barrel of Oil?"
2970:"Frequently Asked Questions"
2157:
1036:, requires (besides a large
925:Traditional balsamic vinegar
786:barrels are filled with new
747:floating atop the aging wine
625:is either aged in oak or in
554:traditional balsamic vinegar
336:24 AD) recorded that wooden
206:), and recently Oregon oak (
16:Hollow cylindrical container
7:
4600:Material-handling equipment
4484:Verification and validation
3716:Intermediate bulk container
3498:Self-heating food packaging
2946:"Does oil come in barrels?"
2529:Proof: The Science of Booze
2173:
1309:A barrel is one of several
892:Beer barrels at the Munich
10:
4865:
4824:Wine packaging and storage
4243:Time temperature indicator
2436:"Guinness Collectors Club"
1822:
1801:English brewery cask units
1302:
1154:
1078:. Its viscous nature made
1051:
987:The angels' share fungus,
963:
881:
864:
773:
768:
264:
33:
18:
4776:
4698:Environmental engineering
4673:
4660:Turntable stretch wrapper
4590:Lineshaft roller conveyor
4580:Injection molding machine
4492:
4261:
3891:
3536:
3518:Toothpaste pump dispenser
3378:Disposable food packaging
3323:
3220:Child-resistant packaging
3205:
2422:"Barrel Flavors from Oak"
2375:Oxford English Dictionary
2341:Oxford English Dictionary
2307:Oxford English Dictionary
2273:Oxford English Dictionary
2100:
2057:
2017:
1928:
1905:
1888:
1874:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1756:
1723:
1670:
1637:
1596:
1522:
1475:
1443:
1414:
1388:
1377:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
975:The angels' share in the
844:
802:" (with the exception of
665:
4804:Beer vessels and serving
4585:Label printer applicator
4454:Shearing (manufacturing)
4053:Low-density polyethylene
3473:Pharmaceutical packaging
3443:Low plastic water bottle
3333:Alternative wine closure
2879:Dixon, B. (March 2009).
2463:The Cooper and His Trade
1298:
632:
552:; or (in smaller sizes)
243:standard size of measure
241:has also been used as a
23:. For the gun part, see
4809:Food storage containers
4615:Orbital stretch wrapper
4238:Temperature data logger
4158:Pressure-sensitive tape
4018:Humidity indicator card
3546:Aerosol spray dispenser
3160:Encyclopædia Britannica
2380:Oxford University Press
2346:Oxford University Press
2312:Oxford University Press
2278:Oxford University Press
1327:English wine cask units
1145:fractional distillation
1017:Baudoinia compniacensis
990:Baudoinia compniacensis
877:
194:), American white oak (
112:and bound by wooden or
29:Barrel (disambiguation)
4334:Die forming (plastics)
4043:Liquid packaging board
3746:Multilayered packaging
3478:Plastic milk container
3458:Optical disc packaging
2741:lewbryson.blogspot.com
2737:"Seen Through a Glass"
2196:Boxed wine (cask wine)
1192:
1180:
1170:
1067:
994:
980:
896:
795:
748:
521:
513:
497:
375:
300:. A lake village near
271:Egyptian wall-painting
93:
82:
60:
46:
27:. For other uses, see
4763:Sustainable packaging
4713:Life-cycle assessment
4693:Closed-loop box reuse
4640:Seed-counting machine
3973:Corrugated fiberboard
3923:Biodegradable plastic
3646:Corrugated box design
3300:Sustainable packaging
3290:Shelf-ready packaging
3265:Packaging engineering
2848:López-Alt, J. Kenji.
2487:Twede, Diana (2005).
2151:) instead of a cask.
1190:
1179:Shaping barrel staves
1178:
1168:
1065:
986:
974:
891:
781:
739:
519:
510:1889 world exposition
503:
495:
363:
88:
66:
52:
44:
36:Cask (disambiguation)
4733:PET bottle recycling
4595:Logistics automation
4123:Plastic-coated paper
3270:Resealable packaging
3026:. Xlibris. pp.
2596:, Book XIV, Chap. 27
2440:The Guinness Coopers
1415:puncheons, tertians
1234:into the keystone.
1034:rainwater harvesting
698:improve this section
454:improve this section
349:(100 to 44 BC) used
4819:Shipping containers
4785:Category: Packaging
4620:Packaging machinery
4429:Product development
4228:Tamper-evident band
4068:Modified atmosphere
3408:Foam food container
3020:Keenan, D. (2013).
2594:The Natural History
2378:(Online ed.).
2344:(Online ed.).
2310:(Online ed.).
2276:(Online ed.).
2206:Cooper (profession)
1803:
1783:was originally 256
1329:
384:Pyrenean silver fir
368:, the Netherlands,
304:dating to the late
4748:Reusable packaging
4708:Industrial ecology
4469:Ultrasonic welding
4434:Production control
4384:Injection moulding
4269:Aseptic processing
3978:Corrugated plastic
3848:Steel and tin cans
3818:Shipping container
3756:Packet (container)
3493:Seasonal packaging
3393:Evidence packaging
3373:Currency packaging
3368:Cosmetic packaging
3275:Reusable packaging
2786:2015-12-22 at the
2674:Ecfr.GPOAccess.gov
2652:2007-06-02 at the
2460:Kilby, K. (1989).
1799:
1348:puncheon, tertian
1325:
1321:English wine casks
1193:
1181:
1171:
1068:
995:
981:
897:
859:Forest of Tronçais
796:
749:
522:
514:
498:
376:
94:
83:
61:
47:
4844:Liquid containers
4791:
4790:
4753:Reverse logistics
4738:Plastic recycling
4610:Multihead weigher
4530:Cartoning machine
4525:Cap torque tester
4439:Quality assurance
4414:Plastic extrusion
4379:Induction sealing
4349:Extrusion coating
4208:Staple (fastener)
4178:Security printing
4013:Hot-melt adhesive
3586:Biodegradable bag
3428:Glass milk bottle
3310:Tamper resistance
3250:Package pilferage
3225:Contract packager
3037:978-1-4797-7919-2
3009:on 30 April 2009.
2954:. 24 March 2005.
2592:Pliny the Elder,
2557:bikos phoinikeiou
2473:978-0-941936-16-3
2386:(Subscription or
2352:(Subscription or
2318:(Subscription or
2284:(Subscription or
2181:Bankruptcy barrel
2122:
2121:
1761:
1760:
1185:
1184:
1169:Wine barrel parts
966:The Angels' Share
822:Canadian whiskies
820:By Canadian law,
734:
733:
726:
530:distilled spirits
490:
489:
482:
422:Beverage maturing
357:to cross rivers.
58:Hackeberga Castle
4856:
4782:
4781:
4768:Waste management
4758:Source reduction
4575:Industrial robot
4479:Vacuum packaging
4404:Package tracking
4359:Glass production
4319:Corona treatment
4309:Containerization
4173:Screw cap (wine)
4088:Oxygen scavenger
3551:Aluminium bottle
3503:Screw cap (wine)
3448:Luxury packaging
3280:Reuse of bottles
3245:Package delivery
3230:Edible packaging
3215:Active packaging
3192:
3185:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3156:
3136:
3135:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2976:. Archived from
2966:
2960:
2959:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2918:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2885:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2797:
2791:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2676:. Archived from
2666:
2657:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2548:
2546:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2420:Vierra, George.
2417:
2411:
2410:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2337:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2315:
2303:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2269:
2262:
2221:Drunkard's cloak
2211:Drum (container)
2003:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1834:Year designated
1804:
1798:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1330:
1324:
1161:
1160:
1074:on ships in the
1054:Drum (container)
1005:that is lost to
999:distilled spirit
920:Balsamic vinegar
884:Barrel-aged beer
800:straight whiskey
729:
722:
718:
715:
709:
678:
670:
645:or round heads.
562:microoxygenation
485:
478:
474:
471:
465:
434:
426:
374:
371:
335:
331:
288:
284:
226:types of plastic
224:, and different
209:Quercus garryana
203:Quercus crispula
116:hoops. The word
4864:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4849:Utility vessels
4839:Storage vessels
4794:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4772:
4728:Paper recycling
4723:Packaging waste
4703:Glass recycling
4675:
4669:
4625:Pallet inverter
4545:Conveyor system
4500:Barcode printer
4488:
4464:Track and trace
4419:Plastic welding
4354:Flame treatment
4324:Curtain coating
4257:
4078:Nonwoven fabric
4063:Metallised film
3968:Container glass
3895:
3893:
3887:
3863:Tub (container)
3761:Padded envelope
3532:
3358:Case-ready meat
3325:
3319:
3255:Package testing
3207:
3201:
3196:
3144:
3139:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3018:
3014:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2983:
2981:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2926:on May 10, 2013
2923:
2916:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2883:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2846:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2809:
2807:
2805:The Spruce Eats
2799:
2798:
2794:
2788:Wayback Machine
2781:Difford's Guide
2778:
2774:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2654:Wayback Machine
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2524:
2520:
2505:10.1002/pts.696
2485:
2481:
2474:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2418:
2414:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2176:
2160:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1797:
1773:imperial gallon
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1323:
1307:
1301:
1210:Casks used for
1159:
1153:
1080:sperm whale oil
1060:
1052:Main articles:
1050:
1026:
969:
962:
945:
933:
922:
917:
886:
880:
867:
847:
830:bourbon whiskey
788:bourbon whiskey
776:
771:
730:
719:
713:
710:
695:
679:
668:
635:
572:is lost due to
486:
475:
469:
466:
451:
435:
424:
419:
372:
355:pontoon bridges
317:Pliny the Elder
273:in the tomb of
267:
222:stainless steel
191:Quercus petraea
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4814:Gardening aids
4811:
4806:
4789:
4788:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4688:Can collecting
4685:
4683:Biodegradation
4679:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4655:Tape dispenser
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4505:Barcode reader
4502:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4474:Vacuum forming
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:Graphic design
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4284:Blow fill seal
4281:
4276:
4274:Authentication
4271:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4188:Shock detector
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4163:Pump dispenser
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:Plastic pallet
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4093:Package handle
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3908:Aluminium foil
3905:
3899:
3897:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3843:Stand-up pouch
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3786:Plastic bottle
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3691:Folding carton
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Euro container
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3656:Disposable cup
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3566:Antistatic bag
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3418:Fuel container
3415:
3413:Food packaging
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3338:Ammunition box
3335:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:Tamper-evident
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3154:"Barrel"
3151:, ed. (1911).
3149:Chisholm, Hugh
3143:
3142:External links
3140:
3138:
3137:
3115:
3093:
3068:
3043:
3036:
3012:
2990:
2961:
2937:
2904:
2894:(3): 104–105.
2871:
2837:
2825:"thùng gỗ sồi"
2816:
2792:
2772:
2763:iscbarrels.com
2750:
2727:
2715:
2690:
2658:
2639:
2637:Kilby, p. 102.
2630:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2584:
2575:
2538:
2518:
2499:(5): 253–264.
2479:
2472:
2452:
2427:
2412:
2393:
2359:
2325:
2291:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2159:
2156:
2147:" or "a kil" (
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1796:
1793:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1698:
1695:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1574:
1559:
1544:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1500:
1497:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1322:
1319:
1303:Main article:
1300:
1297:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1152:
1149:
1049:
1046:
1025:
1022:
961:
958:
944:
941:
932:
929:
921:
918:
916:
913:
879:
876:
869:Some types of
866:
863:
846:
843:
775:
772:
770:
767:
732:
731:
714:September 2024
682:
680:
673:
667:
664:
634:
631:
617:Japanese cedar
488:
487:
438:
436:
429:
423:
420:
418:
415:
266:
263:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4861:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4786:
4775:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:Shrink tunnel
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:Check weigher
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4510:Bottling line
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Thermoforming
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:Roll slitting
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:Laser cutting
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4374:Hermetic seal
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Security tape
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Polypropylene
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Packaging gas
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:Shipping tube
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Flexible tank
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Package theft
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:Overpackaging
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3057:
3053:
3052:"wine barrel"
3047:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2980:on 2008-11-04
2979:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2826:
2820:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2719:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2680:on 2012-08-17
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2634:
2628:Kilby, p. 99.
2625:
2623:
2616:Kilby, p. 98.
2613:
2607:Kilby, p. 96.
2604:
2597:
2595:
2588:
2582:Kilby, p. 93.
2579:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2551:In book I of
2541:
2539:9780547897967
2535:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Barrel (unit)
2189:
2187:
2186:Barrel racing
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2008:
2005:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1971:= 4.621 L
1970:
1969:
1966:beer gallons
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1934:= 4.621 L
1933:
1932:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1795:Brewery casks
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1699:
1696:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1575:
1560:
1545:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1501:
1498:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:pipes, butts
1385:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1359:
1331:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1305:Barrel (unit)
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:; 159.0
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1059:
1058:Barrel (unit)
1055:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:Water storage
1021:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
992:
991:
985:
978:
973:
967:
960:Angels' share
957:
955:
952:
949:
940:
938:
937:Tabasco sauce
931:Tabasco sauce
928:
926:
912:
910:
906:
901:
895:
890:
885:
875:
872:
862:
860:
856:
852:
842:
840:
835:
831:
825:
823:
818:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
793:
789:
785:
780:
766:
764:
763:
758:
753:
746:
742:
741:Sherry barrel
738:
728:
725:
717:
707:
703:
699:
693:
692:
688:
683:This section
681:
677:
672:
671:
663:
661:
657:
652:
646:
644:
640:
630:
628:
624:
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:tabasco sauce
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
518:
511:
507:
502:
494:
484:
481:
473:
470:February 2024
463:
459:
455:
449:
448:
444:
439:This section
437:
433:
428:
427:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
367:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
347:Julius Caesar
343:
341:
340:
327:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
298:lake villages
294:
292:
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
205:
204:
199:
198:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
181:Quercus robur
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
92:
87:
81:
77:
73:
70:
65:
59:
55:
51:
43:
37:
30:
26:
22:
21:Barrel (unit)
4674:Environment,
4289:Blow molding
4218:Stretch wrap
4148:Polyethylene
4138:Plastic wrap
4128:Plastic film
4113:Paper pallet
4048:Living hinge
3953:Coated paper
3833:Spray bottle
3813:Security bag
3806:Water sachet
3796:Salvage drum
3791:Retort pouch
3696:Glass bottle
3591:Blister pack
3580:
3556:Aluminum can
3523:Water bottle
3423:Gas cylinder
3398:Field ration
3295:Shelf-stable
3158:
3127:
3118:
3105:
3096:
3085:. Retrieved
3083:. 2002-01-23
3080:
3071:
3060:. Retrieved
3058:. 2009-02-02
3055:
3046:
3022:
3015:
3007:the original
3002:
2993:
2982:. Retrieved
2978:the original
2973:
2964:
2949:
2940:
2928:. Retrieved
2921:the original
2907:
2891:
2887:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2854:Serious Eats
2853:
2828:. Retrieved
2819:
2808:. Retrieved
2804:
2795:
2775:
2762:
2753:
2740:
2730:
2718:
2707:. Retrieved
2693:
2682:. Retrieved
2678:the original
2673:
2642:
2633:
2612:
2603:
2593:
2587:
2578:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2543:. Retrieved
2528:
2521:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2462:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:
2430:
2415:
2406:
2396:
2373:
2362:
2339:
2328:
2305:
2294:
2271:
2260:
2236:Storage tank
2231:Hoop rolling
2216:Drum handler
2168:
2161:
2153:
2142:
2126:draught beer
2123:
2106:= 4.546 L
2063:= 4.621 L
2055:ale gallons
2023:= 4.621 L
2015:ale gallons
1977:= 83.18 L
1974:= 41.59 L
1940:= 73.94 L
1937:= 36.97 L
1926:ale gallons
1762:
1308:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1270:quarter hoop
1269:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1209:
1194:
1134:
1130:
1119:Pennsylvania
1111:imp gal
1092:
1069:
1027:
1015:
996:
988:
956:
946:
934:
923:
898:
868:
848:
833:
826:
819:
808:
804:corn whiskey
797:
760:
750:
720:
711:
696:Please help
684:
647:
636:
620:
590:
523:
476:
467:
452:Please help
440:
388:
377:
366:Scheveningen
344:
338:
310:
295:
268:
259:generic term
238:
237:
234:
207:
201:
197:Quercus alba
195:
189:
179:
177:
126:
117:
104:is a hollow
101:
97:
95:
72:microbrewery
4834:Oil storage
4570:Heat sealer
4535:Case sealer
4409:Papermaking
4329:Die cutting
4294:Calendering
4198:Shrink wrap
4073:Molded pulp
4058:Meat diaper
4023:Kraft paper
4003:Foam peanut
3993:Double seam
3963:Coextrusion
3933:Bubble wrap
3913:Bail handle
3858:Thermal bag
3781:Plastic bag
3596:Boil-in-bag
3528:Wine bottle
3513:Spray paint
3468:Popcorn bag
3463:Oyster pail
3348:Beer bottle
3106:cornell.edu
2565:phoinikeiou
2246:Wine barrel
2112:= 81.83 L
2109:= 40.91 L
2069:= 83.18 L
2066:= 41.59 L
2029:= 78.56 L
2026:= 39.28 L
1983:= 249.5 L
1980:= 166.4 L
1946:= 221.8 L
1943:= 147.9 L
1889:kilderkins
1765:wine gallon
1351:pipe, butt
1278:French hoop
1137:oil tankers
1109:(35.0
1076:age of sail
1048:Oil storage
1007:evaporation
943:Soft drinks
894:Oktoberfest
627:earthenware
574:evaporation
411:grave goods
391:Anglo-Saxon
373: 1940
302:Glastonbury
106:cylindrical
69:Castle Rock
56:barrels at
4829:Containers
4798:Categories
4650:Staple gun
4630:Palletizer
4520:Can seamer
4389:Lamination
4314:Converting
4203:Slip sheet
4118:Paperboard
3983:Cushioning
3943:Cellophane
3918:Bioplastic
3896:components
3883:Wooden box
3853:Tetra Brik
3776:Paper sack
3751:Multi-pack
3701:Gunny sack
3571:Bag-in-box
3538:Containers
3403:Flour sack
3388:Egg carton
3363:Coffee bag
3343:Banana box
3285:Shelf life
3087:2018-03-27
3062:2018-03-27
2984:2008-11-05
2810:2023-06-14
2709:2007-08-25
2684:2010-08-05
2445:13 January
2390:required.)
2356:required.)
2322:required.)
2288:required.)
2253:References
2118:= 245.5 L
2115:= 163.7 L
2075:= 249.5 L
2072:= 166.4 L
2035:= 235.7 L
2032:= 157.1 L
1850:hogsheads
1444:hogsheads
1274:bilge hoop
1266:chime hoop
1155:See also:
1122:oil fields
1107:US gallons
951:ginger ale
915:Condiments
909:sour beers
882:See also:
656:Bulk wines
643:elliptical
417:Uses today
380:Silchester
315:historian
255:kilderkins
228:, such as
76:Nottingham
25:Gun barrel
4743:Recycling
4550:Drum pump
4493:Machinery
4344:Extrusion
4262:Processes
4233:Tear tape
4223:Susceptor
4213:Strapping
4168:Screw cap
4143:Polyester
3988:Desiccant
3892:Materials
3873:Unit load
3828:Skin pack
3771:Paper bag
3641:Clamshell
3383:Drink can
3315:Wrap rage
3199:Packaging
3128:sizes.com
2759:"Barrels"
2513:110088268
2164:dry goods
2158:Dry goods
2149:kilderkin
2138:Cask ales
1818:kilderkin
1724:gallons (
1638:gallons (
1597:rundlets
1345:hogshead
1285:bung hole
1224:keystones
1103:petroleum
1101:or other
1099:crude oil
1088:seed oils
1084:Olive oil
1072:whale oil
1042:rain pipe
1030:rainwater
784:white oak
685:does not
660:oak chips
595:and wood
588:are not.
582:vin jaune
512:in Paris.
441:does not
351:catapults
332:64 BC to
279:Herodotus
251:hogsheads
184:), white
165:gunpowder
4676:post-use
4565:Heat gun
4515:Calender
4424:Printing
4253:Velostat
4248:Tinplate
4083:Overwrap
4008:Gel pack
3998:Flip-top
3903:Adhesive
3838:Squround
3741:Mesh bag
3726:Jerrycan
3671:Envelope
3611:Bulk box
3488:Sand bag
3453:Milk bag
3438:Juicebox
3353:Box wine
3326:packages
3132:Archived
3110:Archived
2956:Archived
2930:July 30,
2896:Archived
2858:Archived
2784:Archived
2767:Archived
2745:Archived
2703:Archived
2650:Archived
2561:McGovern
2407:Terebelo
2267:"barrel"
2226:Hogshead
2201:Cask ale
2174:See also
2098:gallons
2096:imperial
1906:firkins
1875:barrels
1828:hogshead
1726:imperial
1523:barrels
1476:tierces
1336:rundlet
1293:silicone
1201:cylinder
1141:gasoline
1011:humidity
905:Cask ale
839:hogshead
834:de facto
815:Scotland
782:Charred
605:chestnut
593:vanillin
578:humidity
532:such as
526:age wine
306:Iron Age
218:aluminum
137:armagnac
54:Mackmyra
4399:Molding
4304:Coating
4299:Canning
3958:Coating
3948:Closure
3706:Inhaler
3561:Ampoule
3433:Growler
3324:Product
3206:General
3028:111–112
2974:doe.gov
2888:Microbe
2864:3 April
2830:14 June
2569:amphora
2553:History
2545:30 June
1999:⁄
1929:(1454)
1868:⁄
1789:bushels
1785:gallons
1757:litres
1708:⁄
1690:⁄
1671:litres
1668:953.92
1665:476.96
1662:317.97
1659:238.48
1656:158.99
1653:119.24
1616:⁄
1584:⁄
1569:⁄
1554:⁄
1539:⁄
1510:⁄
1492:⁄
1460:⁄
1431:⁄
1405:⁄
1342:tierce
1339:barrel
1333:gallon
1255:withies
1247:headers
1197:rolling
948:Vernors
871:tequila
865:Tequila
774:Whiskey
769:Spirits
706:removed
691:sources
609:redwood
597:tannins
570:alcohol
534:whiskey
506:Mercier
462:removed
447:sources
291:Babylon
275:Hesy-Ra
265:History
247:firkins
149:whiskey
91:Croatia
80:England
4783:
4718:Litter
4560:Filler
4103:Pallet
3801:Sachet
3666:Endcap
3631:Carton
3626:Carboy
3601:Bottle
3581:Barrel
3208:topics
3034:
3003:ca.gov
2536:
2511:
2470:
2301:"cask"
2241:Tierce
2145:firkin
1823:barrel
1813:firkin
1808:gallon
1777:tierce
1775:. The
1769:gallon
1754:954.7
1751:477.3
1748:318.2
1745:238.7
1742:159.1
1739:119.3
1736:68.19
1733:4.546
1650:68.14
1647:3.785
1315:volume
1239:staves
1220:shives
1205:stress
1126:tierce
1095:barrel
1003:volume
977:sherry
855:Cognac
851:brandy
845:Brandy
811:Scotch
762:solera
752:Sherry
666:Sherry
651:winery
615:) use
603:, but
586:sherry
558:oxygen
538:brandy
339:pithoi
326:Strabo
285:484 –
253:, and
239:Barrel
214:cooper
173:tallow
159:, and
157:arrack
141:sherry
133:cognac
110:staves
98:barrel
4108:Paper
4028:Label
3928:BoPET
3651:Crate
3081:Sizes
3056:Sizes
2951:Slate
2924:(PDF)
2917:(PDF)
2899:(PDF)
2884:(PDF)
2563:says
2509:S2CID
2384:
2369:"keg"
2350:
2335:"vat"
2316:
2282:
2134:beers
2101:1824
2058:1803
2018:1688
1311:units
1299:Sizes
1262:head-
1251:hoops
1243:heads
1228:spile
1218:have
900:Beers
633:Wines
622:pisco
566:water
540:, or
504:This
321:Gauls
313:Roman
114:metal
3938:Bung
3878:Vial
3868:Tube
3766:Pail
3661:Drum
3636:Chub
3621:Case
3616:Cage
3032:ISBN
2932:2014
2866:2017
2832:2023
2547:2024
2534:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2447:2024
1721:210
1718:105
1640:wine
1635:252
1632:126
1378:tun
1354:tun
1289:bung
1272:and
1222:and
1216:beer
1056:and
878:Beer
792:char
757:flor
745:flor
689:any
687:cite
639:HDPE
613:sake
607:and
584:and
546:beer
445:any
443:cite
407:pine
395:mead
311:The
230:HDPE
169:meat
161:sake
153:beer
145:port
129:wine
102:cask
4033:Lid
3894:and
3736:Keg
3731:Jug
3721:Jar
3606:Box
3576:Bag
2501:doi
2130:keg
2092:54
2089:36
2086:18
2052:54
2049:36
2046:18
2012:51
2009:34
2006:17
1963:54
1960:36
1957:18
1923:48
1920:32
1917:16
1781:tun
1715:70
1697:35
1679:15
1629:84
1626:63
1623:42
1605:18
1594:14
1313:of
1264:or
1245:or
1232:tap
1214:or
1212:ale
1097:of
1001:'s
700:by
601:oak
568:or
542:rum
456:by
405:or
403:yew
399:oak
389:In
269:An
186:oak
175:.
122:keg
118:vat
100:or
74:in
4800::
3157:.
3130:.
3126:.
3108:.
3104:.
3079:.
3054:.
3030:.
3001:.
2972:.
2948:.
2890:.
2886:.
2856:.
2852:.
2840:^
2803:.
2765:.
2761:.
2743:.
2739:.
2701:.
2672:.
2661:^
2621:^
2549:.
2507:.
2497:18
2495:.
2491:.
2438:.
2405:.
2372:.
2338:.
2304:.
2270:.
2083:9
2080:1
2043:9
2040:1
1988:1
1954:9
1951:1
1914:8
1911:1
1903:6
1900:4
1897:2
1894:1
1886:3
1883:2
1880:1
1857:1
1847:1
1728:)
1701:52
1683:26
1676:1
1642:)
1609:31
1602:1
1591:7
1528:1
1520:8
1517:4
1499:2
1481:1
1473:6
1470:3
1467:2
1449:1
1441:4
1438:2
1420:1
1412:3
1394:1
1386:2
1383:1
1375:1
1295:.
1268:,
1147:.
1128:.
1086:,
1044:.
911:.
841:.
765:.
629:.
548:;
544:;
536:,
528:;
413:.
401:,
370:c.
334:c.
330:c.
287:c.
283:c.
249:,
232:.
220:,
167:,
155:,
151:,
147:,
143:,
139:,
135:,
131:,
124:.
96:A
78:,
3191:e
3184:t
3177:v
3090:.
3065:.
3040:.
2987:.
2934:.
2892:4
2868:.
2834:.
2813:.
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2687:.
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2515:.
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2476:.
2449:.
2424:.
2409:.
2382:.
2348:.
2314:.
2280:.
2001:2
1997:1
1994:+
1992:8
1870:2
1866:1
1863:+
1861:1
1710:2
1706:1
1703:+
1692:4
1688:1
1685:+
1618:2
1614:1
1611:+
1586:3
1582:2
1579:+
1577:4
1571:2
1567:1
1564:+
1562:3
1556:3
1552:1
1549:+
1547:2
1541:4
1537:3
1534:+
1532:1
1512:3
1508:2
1505:+
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1494:3
1490:1
1487:+
1485:1
1462:2
1458:1
1455:+
1453:1
1433:3
1429:1
1426:+
1424:1
1407:2
1403:1
1400:+
1398:1
1115:L
968:.
727:)
721:(
716:)
712:(
708:.
694:.
483:)
477:(
472:)
468:(
464:.
450:.
328:(
281:(
188:(
38:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
