1503:
1447:
1928:
2273:
2609:
2760:, the wide range of its current and projected uses, together with the lack of any immediately suitable replacement, makes dysprosium the single most critical element for emerging clean energy technologies; even their most conservative projections predicted a shortfall of dysprosium before 2015. As of late 2015, there is a nascent rare earth (including dysprosium) extraction industry in Australia.
2070:
33:
2745:
About 100 tonnes of dysprosium are produced worldwide each year, with 99% of that total produced in China. Dysprosium prices have climbed nearly twentyfold, from $ 7 per pound in 2003, to $ 130 a pound in late 2010. The price increased to $ 1,400/kg in 2011 but fell to $ 240 in 2015, largely due to
2592:
Due to its role in permanent magnets used for wind turbines, it has been argued that dysprosium will be one of the main objects of geopolitical competition in a world running on renewable energy. But this perspective has been criticised for failing to recognise that most wind turbines do not use
2572:
in 1886. His procedure for isolating the dysprosium involved dissolving dysprosium oxide in acid, then adding ammonia to precipitate the hydroxide. He was only able to isolate dysprosium from its oxide after more than 30 attempts at his procedure. On succeeding, he named the element
2527:
10 years, followed by Dy with a half-life of 144.4 days. The least stable is Dy, with a half-life of 200 ms. As a general rule, isotopes that are lighter than the stable isotopes tend to decay primarily by β decay, while those that are heavier tend to decay by
2827:'s projected 2 million units per year, the use of dysprosium in applications such as this would quickly exhaust its available supply. The dysprosium substitution may also be useful in other applications because it improves the corrosion resistance of the magnets.
2885:
for 17 hours. This material is remarkably robust, surviving over 100 hours in various aqueous solutions at temperatures exceeding 400 °C without redissolving or aggregating. Additionally, dysprosium has been used to create a two dimensional
2876:
Nanofibers of dysprosium compounds have high strength and a large surface area. Therefore, they can be used to reinforce other materials and act as a catalyst. Fibers of dysprosium oxide fluoride can be produced by heating an aqueous solution of
3130:
Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation".
2915:) excited in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum results in the emission of photons of longer wavelength in the visible region. This idea is the basis for a new generation of UV-pumped white light-emitting diodes.
2504:: Dy, Dy, Dy, Dy, Dy, Dy, and Dy. These are all considered stable, although only the last two are theoretically stable: the others can theoretically undergo alpha decay. Of the naturally occurring isotopes, Dy is the most
2081:
and has a metallic, bright silver luster. It is quite soft and can be machined without sparking if overheating is avoided. Dysprosium's physical characteristics can be greatly affected by even small amounts of impurities.
3041:
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04).
2897:. These compounds dissociate near the hot center of the lamp, releasing isolated dysprosium atoms. The latter re-emit light in the green and red part of the spectrum, thereby effectively producing bright light.
2741:
atmosphere. As the reaction progresses, the resulting halide compounds and molten dysprosium separate due to differences in density. When the mixture cools, the dysprosium can be cut away from the impurities.
2822:
for demanding applications, such as drive motors for electric vehicles and generators for wind turbines. This substitution would require up to 100 grams of dysprosium per electric car produced. Based on
2540:, ranging in atomic mass from 140 to 165. The most stable of these is Dy, which has a half-life of 1.257 minutes. Dy has two metastable isomers, the second of which, Dy, has a half-life of 28 ns.
2803:
radiation, which is useful for studying chemical reactions. Because dysprosium and its compounds are highly susceptible to magnetization, they are employed in various data-storage applications, such as in
2019:
techniques in the 1950s. Dysprosium has relatively few applications where it cannot be replaced by other chemical elements. It is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making
2976:
Like many powders, dysprosium powder may present an explosion hazard when mixed with air and when an ignition source is present. Thin foils of the substance can also be ignited by sparks or by
3217:
Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide
Dysprosium-154".
2749:
Currently, most dysprosium is being obtained from the ion-adsorption clay ores of southern China. As of
November 2018 the Browns Range Project pilot plant, 160 km south east of
2671:, comprising up to 7–8% of the concentrate (as compared to about 65% for yttrium). The concentration of Dy in the Earth's crust is about 5.2 mg/kg and in sea water 0.9 ng/L.
3608:
Vallina, B., Rodriguez-Blanco, J.D., Brown, A.P., Blanco, J.A. and
Benning, L.G. (2013). "Amorphous dysprosium carbonate: characterization, stability and crystallization pathways".
6911:
2316:
Dysprosium combines with various non-metals at high temperatures to form binary compounds with varying composition and oxidation states +3 and sometimes +2, such as DyN, DyP, DyH
3928:
Norcia, Matthew A.; Politi, Claudia; Klaus, Lauritz; Poli, Elena; Sohmen, Maximilian; Mark, Manfred J.; Bisset, Russell N.; Santos, Luis; Ferlaino, Francesca (August 2021).
2687:. The metal is obtained as a by-product in the commercial extraction of yttrium. In isolating dysprosium, most of the unwanted metals can be removed magnetically or by a
4740:
5008:
Chomaz, L.; Ferrier-Barbut, I.; Ferlaino, F.; Laburthe-Tolra, B.; Lev, B.; Pfau, T. (2022). "Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases".
2508:
at 28%, followed by Dy at 26%. The least abundant is Dy at 0.06%. Dysprosium is the heaviest element to have isotopes that are predicted to be stable rather than
2660:
or other rare earth elements. No dysprosium-dominant mineral (that is, with dysprosium prevailing over other rare earths in the composition) has yet been found.
1996:
with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though, like other lanthanides, it is found in various minerals, such as
2900:
Several paramagnetic crystal salts of dysprosium (dysprosium gallium garnet, DGG; dysprosium aluminium garnet, DAG; dysprosium iron garnet, DyIG) are used in
4138:
2999:
Soluble dysprosium salts, such as dysprosium chloride and dysprosium nitrate are mildly toxic when ingested. Based on the toxicity of dysprosium chloride to
1722:
5271:
5231:
5191:
4605:
3027:
5314:
2581:(δυσπρόσιτος), meaning "hard to get". The element was not isolated in relatively pure form until after the development of ion exchange techniques by
2984:
gas. Dysprosium chloride fires can be extinguished with water. Dysprosium fluoride and dysprosium oxide are non-flammable. Dysprosium nitrate, Dy(NO
4360:
3661:
3443:
2113:
layer are parallel and oriented at a fixed angle to the moments of adjacent layers. This unusual antiferromagnetism transforms into a disordered (
4177:
2455:(OH) (similar to minerals kozoite-(La) and kozoite-(Nd)), are known to form via a poorly ordered (amorphous) precursor phase with a formula of Dy
6617:
1962:
5206:
5166:
3676:
1953:
3108:
Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see
5246:
4619:
Hoffman, M. M.; Young, J. S.; Fulton, J. L. (2000). "Unusual dysprosium ceramic nano-fiber growth in a supercritical aqueous solution".
4584:
3400:"Controlled synthesis and characterization of large-scale, uniform sheet-shaped dysprosium hydroxide nanosquares by hydrothermal method"
4118:
5088:
4719:
4559:
1680:
4400:
Yu, L. Q.; Wen, Y.; Yan, M. (2004). "Effects of Dy and Nb on the magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of sintered NdFeB".
1544:
5136:
2176:
Dysprosium hydroxide decomposes to form DyO(OH) at elevated temperatures, which then decomposes again to dysprosium(III) oxide.
5307:
4699:
4282:
4077:
3561:
3536:
3492:
3342:
3302:
3264:
3093:
2399:, result from similar reactions. Most dysprosium compounds are soluble in water, though dysprosium carbonate tetrahydrate (Dy
4757:
Carreira, J. F. C. (2017). "YAG:Dy – Based single white light emitting phosphor produced by solution combustion synthesis".
3753:
DeKosky, Robert K. (1973). "Spectroscopy and the
Elements in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Work of Sir William Crookes".
6936:
4736:
4323:"Modeling of magnetic properties of heat treated Dy-doped NdFeB particles bonded in isotropic and anisotropic arrangements"
3359:
1715:
2808:. Dysprosium is increasingly in demand for the permanent magnets used in electric-car motors and wind-turbine generators.
2957:
Due to its strong magnetic properties, Dysprosium alloys are used in the marine industry's sound navigation and ranging (
6610:
4228:
Staring down a multitude of challenges, these
Australian rare earth miners are confident they can break into the market
3904:
2757:
2561:
2012:
161:
5119:
4534:
3798:"L'holmine (ou terre X de M Soret) contient au moins deux radicaux métallique (Holminia contains at least two metal)"
3167:
2129:
Dysprosium metal retains its luster in dry air but it will tarnish slowly in moist air, and it burns readily to form
1184:
96:
4227:
6926:
5300:
4435:
4135:
1946:
1520:
2873:. The luminescence can be measured to determine the degree of exposure to which the dosimeter has been subjected.
4792:
Lu, M.; Youn, S.-H.; Lev, B. (2010). "Trapping
Ultracold Dysprosium: A Highly Magnetic Gas for Dipolar Physics".
4143:
4375:
3607:
2938:
lanthanide were created with dysprosium. Because dysprosium is highly magnetic—indeed it is the most magnetic
2750:
1483:
2890:
in a laboratory environment. Supersolids are expected to exhibit unusual properties, including superfluidity.
2475:
of 10–20 nm diameter that are exceptionally stable under dry treatment at ambient and high temperatures.
6603:
4853:
Lu, M.; Burdick, N.; Youn, S.-H.; Lev, B. (2011). "Strongly
Dipolar Bose–Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium".
2907:
The trivalent dysprosium ion (Dy) has been studied due to its downshifting luminescence properties. Dy-doped
2292:
2089:
have the highest magnetic strengths of the elements, especially at low temperatures. Dysprosium has a simple
2968:
and receivers can improve sensitivity and accuracy by providing more stable and efficient magnetic fields.
2931:
2152:
Dysprosium is quite electropositive and reacts slowly with cold water (and quickly with hot water) to form
3110:
Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero
Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides".
2912:
2056:
material). Soluble dysprosium salts are mildly toxic, while the insoluble salts are considered non-toxic.
6921:
2098:
1939:
6906:
6716:
1144:
2519:
have been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 138 to 173. The most stable of these is Dy, with a
6871:
6820:
6795:
2865:
are doped with dysprosium. When these crystals are exposed to radiation, the dysprosium atoms become
2097:
of 90.5 K (−182.7 °C), at which point it undergoes a first-order phase transition from the
4178:"Rare earth mineral discovery set to make Australia a major player in electric vehicle supply chain"
3630:
3043:
2711:. These compounds can be reduced using either calcium or lithium metals in the following reactions:
2593:
permanent magnets and for underestimating the power of economic incentives for expanded production.
1775:
6931:
6767:
6759:
4716:"Design, Manufacture and Test of an Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator Magnet for use in Space"
4299:
2980:. Dysprosium fires cannot be extinguished with water. It can react with water to produce flammable
2908:
1263:
6857:
6803:
6751:
6704:
6640:
4158:
2028:
1571:
1124:
4691:
4685:
4274:
4268:
4240:
Amit, Sinha; Sharma, Beant
Prakash (2005). "Development of Dysprosium Titanate Based Ceramics".
3797:
3399:
6787:
6656:
3625:
3003:, it is estimated that the ingestion of 500 grams or more could be fatal to a human (c.f.
2935:
2901:
2509:
2495:
2102:
1790:
1708:
1151:
1136:
1111:
123:
3528:
3482:
3334:
3328:
3292:
1183:
6828:
6746:
6736:
6648:
4354:
3655:
3437:
2586:
2306:
2130:
1655:
1645:
5086:
4093:
6916:
6840:
6626:
5343:
4933:
4872:
4811:
4766:
4715:
4628:
4563:
4409:
4334:
3951:
3849:
3727:
3617:
3397:
2923:
2483:
2153:
1685:
1534:
8:
6901:
6845:
6741:
6688:
6672:
5062:
2118:
1932:
1665:
1273:
4937:
4876:
4815:
4770:
4632:
4413:
4338:
4204:
3955:
3853:
3820:
3739:
3731:
3621:
3457:
6815:
5144:
5043:
5017:
4957:
4923:
4896:
4862:
4835:
4801:
4747:. Cryogenic Physics Group, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London.
4662:
4644:
4485:
4048:
3983:
3941:
3910:
3778:
3770:
3712:
3643:
3184:
2977:
2947:
2854:
2078:
2005:
1989:
1978:
1635:
1591:
1470:
1255:
1249:
5287:
6775:
6194:
5265:
5225:
5185:
5115:
5047:
5035:
4984:
4949:
4888:
4827:
4695:
4599:
4489:
4278:
4253:
4073:
4052:
4028:
3987:
3975:
3967:
3929:
3900:
3877:
3782:
3557:
3532:
3521:
3488:
3419:
3338:
3324:
3298:
3260:
3234:
3163:
3144:
3089:
3059:
2894:
2688:
2537:
2505:
2094:
1993:
1755:
1746:
1477:
1396:
1386:
772:
4961:
4900:
4648:
3914:
3647:
6258:
5963:
5792:
5621:
5540:
5459:
5432:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5253:. Electronic Space Products International. Archived from the original on 2015-09-22
5213:. Electronic Space Products International. Archived from the original on 2015-09-22
5173:. Electronic Space Products International. Archived from the original on 2015-09-22
5027:
4945:
4941:
4884:
4880:
4839:
4823:
4819:
4774:
4636:
4477:
4417:
4342:
4249:
4040:
3959:
3867:
3857:
3762:
3735:
3688:
3635:
3590:
3411:
3226:
3199:
3140:
3119:
3051:
2862:
2835:
2815:
2533:
2053:
1974:
1550:
1526:
1495:
1378:
1129:
50:
3415:
2435:
O) are both insoluble in water. Two of the most abundant dysprosium carbonates, Dy
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5110:
Charles
Sherman, John Butler (2007). "Chapter 2 - Electroacoustic Transduction".
4778:
4744:
4723:
4587:. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27
4504:
4067:
2993:
2927:
2858:
2805:
2789:
2777:
2232:
to form solutions containing the yellow Dy(III) ions, which exist as a complex:
2024:
1435:
1366:
3374:
2843:
2532:. However, Dy decays primarily by alpha decay, and Dy and Dy decay primarily by
2529:
5323:
5031:
4421:
3963:
3862:
3837:
3230:
3203:
3004:
2695:
displacement process. The resulting dysprosium ions can then react with either
2582:
2179:
Dysprosium metal vigorously reacts with all the halogens at above 200 °C:
1824:
1811:
1698:
1621:
1487:
1283:
1178:
1116:
177:
4640:
4044:
3766:
3639:
1446:
6895:
6417:
4914:
Lu, M.; Burdick, N.; Lev, B. (2012). "Quantum Degenerate Dipolar Fermi Gas".
4585:"Rare Earth Oxide Fluoride: Ceramic Nano-particles via a Hydrothermal Method"
4481:
4461:
3971:
3881:
3594:
3423:
3238:
3063:
2866:
2641:
2616:
While dysprosium is never encountered as a free element, it is found in many
2565:
2516:
2479:
2264:
The resulting compound, dysprosium(III) sulfate, is noticeably paramagnetic.
2229:
2117:) state at 179 K (−94 °C). It transforms from the hcp phase to the
2106:
2090:
1985:
1780:
1601:
1453:
1421:
1237:
1212:
1198:
1093:
942:
2649:
6471:
6300:
6005:
5405:
5338:
5039:
4953:
4892:
4831:
3979:
3692:
2919:
2834:, along with iron and terbium. Terfenol-D has the highest room-temperature
2692:
2472:
2114:
2016:
1611:
1563:
984:
851:
625:
5007:
3398:
Junyang Jin, Yaru Ni, Wenjuan Huang, Chunhua Lu, Zhongzi Xu (March 2013).
3162:. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110.
3055:
2818:
can have up to 6% of the neodymium substituted by dysprosium to raise the
2667:
version of these, dysprosium happens to be the most abundant of the heavy
6525:
6489:
6480:
6390:
6372:
6363:
5400:
4094:"Dysprosium (Dy) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects"
3897:
Rare earth frontiers : from terrestrial subsoils to lunar landscapes
3872:
3123:
2965:
2870:
2785:
2625:
2110:
2020:
1805:
1502:
1062:
1026:
998:
991:
921:
907:
900:
4439:
2746:
illegal production in China which circumvented government restrictions.
1217:
2840 K (2562 °C, 4653 °F)
6595:
6534:
6462:
6435:
6408:
6050:
6023:
5854:
5845:
5584:
4618:
3774:
3044:"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"
3023:
2887:
2882:
2839:
2831:
2819:
2668:
2629:
2597:
2049:
1033:
977:
956:
935:
660:
639:
511:
504:
305:
4988:
4976:
4346:
2691:. Dysprosium can then be separated from other rare earth metals by an
6543:
6516:
6507:
6354:
6336:
6327:
6318:
6104:
6014:
5987:
5935:
5881:
5863:
5827:
5807:
5746:
5683:
5627:
5566:
5555:
5474:
5425:
5415:
5410:
5087:
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations (1998).
4379:
2850:
2811:
2796:
2684:
2637:
2520:
2272:
1760:
1558:
1427:
1040:
1019:
1012:
893:
879:
872:
865:
702:
632:
611:
574:
532:
518:
490:
472:
428:
379:
335:
291:
282:
222:
4322:
3838:"The geopolitics of renewable energy: Debunking four emerging myths"
3578:
2893:
Dysprosium iodide and dysprosium bromide are used in high-intensity
6498:
6399:
6282:
6264:
6239:
6230:
6203:
6176:
6140:
6131:
6113:
6041:
6032:
5926:
5798:
5764:
5674:
5665:
5656:
5647:
5602:
5521:
5503:
5438:
5022:
4737:"Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator: A Practical Point of View"
4464:(May 2004). "Wide Band Tunable Mechanical Resonator Employing the Δ
4096:. Lenntech Water treatment & air purification Holding B.V. 2008
4000:
3946:
3711:
Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017).
3183:
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021).
2981:
2800:
2769:
2734:
2700:
2696:
2680:
2645:
2633:
2621:
2608:
2310:
2109:
state, in which all of the atomic magnetic moments in a particular
1997:
1005:
928:
837:
823:
807:
800:
779:
758:
730:
723:
709:
653:
646:
567:
465:
442:
372:
365:
358:
351:
319:
259:
245:
197:
4928:
4867:
4806:
3129:
2471:
O. This amorphous precursor consists of highly hydrated spherical
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6453:
6444:
6426:
6381:
6309:
6291:
6221:
6167:
6149:
6122:
6095:
6077:
6059:
5969:
5899:
5872:
5836:
5818:
5782:
5773:
5755:
5737:
5636:
5575:
5465:
5420:
5292:
2939:
2793:
2664:
2657:
2617:
2557:
2553:
2501:
2086:
2001:
1222:
1077:
1069:
970:
963:
949:
914:
858:
844:
793:
751:
737:
716:
695:
681:
667:
597:
546:
525:
497:
483:
456:
449:
435:
421:
342:
298:
215:
3795:
2776:
materials and commercial lighting. Because of dysprosium's high
2015:, but it was not isolated in pure form until the development of
6345:
6273:
6158:
6086:
5996:
5978:
5944:
5908:
5890:
5719:
5710:
5701:
5593:
5546:
5512:
5494:
5449:
4169:
3040:
2951:
2824:
2781:
2738:
2653:
2549:
1204:
886:
830:
744:
688:
618:
604:
581:
553:
539:
407:
400:
393:
312:
275:
252:
238:
206:
4663:"Physicists give weird new phase of matter an extra dimension"
3086:
Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements
3007:
for a 100 kilogram human). The insoluble salts are non-toxic.
2961:) system. The inclusion of dysprosium alloys in the design of
6559:
6248:
5953:
5611:
5485:
2962:
2958:
2943:
2773:
2569:
2069:
1207: (1407 °C, 2565 °F)
1191:
1157:
814:
588:
326:
231:
5109:
2309:, also known as dysprosia, is a white powder that is highly
6212:
6185:
5728:
5692:
5530:
3000:
786:
765:
414:
386:
266:
80:
77:
71:
32:
4002:
3825:(6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education.
5917:
5332:
5143:. Electronic Space Products International. Archived from
3216:
560:
56:
5091:(Report). U.S. Government Publishing Office. p. 111
4470:
Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
3930:"Two-dimensional supersolidity in a dipolar quantum gas"
2996:
and readily ignites on contact with organic substances.
6912:
Chemical elements with hexagonal close-packed structure
4562:. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Archived from
2942:
element and nearly tied with terbium for most magnetic
2048:) in data-storage applications, and as a component of
2000:. Naturally occurring dysprosium is composed of seven
4065:
3927:
3297:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 129–132.
97:
74:
59:
3360:"Wherefore Gadolinium? Magnetism of the Rare Earths"
3330:
The History and Use of our Earth's Chemical Elements
3182:
2500:
Naturally occurring dysprosium is composed of seven
68:
65:
53:
4459:
4378:. Princeton Electro-Technology, Inc. Archived from
4119:"In China, Illegal Rare Earth Mines Face Crackdown"
3710:
3518:
3254:
2753:, is producing 50 tonnes (49 long tons) per annum.
83:
62:
4975:Martin, W C; Zalubas, R; Hagan, L (January 1978).
4974:
4112:
4110:
3520:
2780:absorption cross-section, dysprosium-oxide–nickel
2451:O (similar to the mineral tengerite-(Y)), and DyCO
4029:"Review of the World Market of Rare-Earth Metals"
3713:"The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties"
3185:"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"
6893:
5270:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5230:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5190:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4977:"Atomic energy levels - the rare earth elements"
4852:
4604:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4205:"Halls Creek turning into a hub for rare earths"
3322:
3259:. Vol. 4. New York: CRC Press. p. 11.
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
1515: = 565.01 pm (at 20 °C)
4690:. Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers. pp.
4266:
4116:
4107:
3579:"Zur Kenntnis der Verbindungen des Dysprosiums"
3523:Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds
3255:Lide, David R., ed. (2007–2008). "Dysprosium".
2512:isotopes that are predicted to be radioactive.
5089:Department of Defense Appropriation Bill, 1999
4683:
4502:
4196:
4159:"Earth-Friendly Elements, Mined Destructively"
3755:The British Journal for the History of Science
3583:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
3225:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
6611:
5308:
5244:
5204:
5164:
5134:
4321:Shi, Fang, X.; Shi, Y.; Jiles, D. C. (1998).
3706:
3704:
3702:
3357:
3070:
3005:lethal dose of 300 grams of common table salt
1947:
1630:2710 m/s (at 20 °C)
1141:
4913:
4438:. ETREMA Products, Inc. 2003. Archived from
4359:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4001:Hudson Institute of Mineralogy (1993–2018).
3660:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3551:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3442:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2918:The stable isotopes of dysprosium have been
2846:, and high-precision liquid-fuel injectors.
2838:of any known material, which is employed in
2596:In 2021, Dy was turned into a 2-dimensional
1445:
5112:Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound
4402:Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
4320:
4291:
3681:Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion
3088:. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International.
2011:Dysprosium was first identified in 1886 by
16:Chemical element with atomic number 66 (Dy)
6618:
6604:
5315:
5301:
5001:
4239:
4150:
3699:
3576:
3476:
3474:
1954:
1940:
1723:
1716:
1501:
31:
5021:
4927:
4866:
4805:
4791:
4560:"Supercritical Water Oxidation/Synthesis"
4535:"Dysprosium: Properties and Applications"
3945:
3871:
3861:
3796:de Boisbaudran, Paul Émile Lecoq (1886).
3629:
3507:
3176:
3083:
2552:ores were found to contain the oxides of
2415:O) and dysprosium oxalate decahydrate (Dy
6625:
4756:
4399:
4373:
4260:
4156:
3899:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
3835:
3484:Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds
3318:
3316:
3314:
3102:
3034:
2768:Dysprosium is used, in conjunction with
2607:
2568:, separated dysprosium oxide from it in
2271:
2068:
6415:
4907:
4297:
4242:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
4066:Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy N. (2005).
3894:
3888:
3752:
3746:
3674:
3480:
3471:
2946:atom—such gases serve as the basis for
2930:experiments. The first Bose and Fermi
2902:adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators
2830:Dysprosium is one of the components of
2228:Dysprosium dissolves readily in dilute
2121:phase at 1,654 K (1,381 °C).
6894:
6469:
6298:
6003:
4428:
4273:. Vol. 2. Thomson Gale. pp.
4270:Chemistry Foundations and Applications
4026:
3290:
3160:CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
2679:Dysprosium is obtained primarily from
2124:
2064:
6599:
6523:
6487:
6478:
6388:
6370:
6361:
5296:
4846:
4785:
4202:
4184:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
4175:
4157:Bradsher, Keith (December 25, 2009).
4117:Bradsher, Keith (December 29, 2010).
4033:Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals
3818:
3812:
3545:
3311:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3257:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
3250:
3248:
3157:
3109:
3024:"Standard Atomic Weights: Dysprosium"
1902:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1880:
1877:
1869:
1866:
1858:
1855:
1847:
1844:
1836:
1833:
1823:
1820:
1794:
1789:
6532:
6460:
6433:
6406:
6066:
6048:
6021:
5852:
5843:
5128:
4968:
4677:
4298:Bourzac, Katherine (19 April 2011).
4069:Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths
3842:Energy Research & Social Science
6541:
6514:
6505:
6352:
6334:
6325:
6316:
6102:
6012:
5985:
5933:
5879:
5861:
5825:
5805:
5744:
5681:
5582:
5564:
5553:
5472:
3133:Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
2881:and NaF to 450 °C at 450
2093:ordering at temperatures below its
1325:
13:
6496:
6397:
6280:
6262:
6237:
6228:
6201:
6174:
6129:
6111:
6039:
6030:
5924:
5796:
5762:
5672:
5654:
5645:
5625:
5600:
5322:
4532:
4217:New Scientist, 18 June 2011, p. 40
3458:"Chemical reactions of Dysprosium"
3273:
3245:
2758:United States Department of Energy
2536:. Dysprosium also has at least 11
2305:, tend to take on a yellow color.
2059:
14:
6948:
6451:
6442:
6424:
6379:
6289:
6219:
6192:
6165:
6147:
6138:
6120:
6093:
6075:
6057:
5967:
5897:
5870:
5834:
5780:
5771:
5753:
5735:
5663:
5634:
5573:
5519:
5501:
5463:
5436:
5281:
5114:. Springer New York. p. 46.
5063:"What Are the Lanthanide Series?"
5060:
4374:Campbell, Peter (February 2008).
4203:Brann, Matt (November 27, 2011).
3487:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 289–290.
1404:1st: 573.0 kJ/mol
6343:
6307:
6271:
6156:
6084:
5994:
5976:
5906:
5888:
5816:
5717:
5708:
5699:
5544:
5447:
4503:Leavitt, Wendy (February 2000).
4254:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00211.x
3895:Klinger, Julie Michelle (2017).
3610:Journal of Nanoparticle Research
3145:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028
2703:to form dysprosium fluoride, DyF
1927:
1926:
1586: cm/mol (293.2 K)
1410:3rd: 2200 kJ/mol
1407:2nd: 1130 kJ/mol
1293:
49:
6246:
5951:
5942:
5609:
5591:
5510:
5492:
5245:Dierks, Steve (November 1988).
5238:
5205:Dierks, Steve (December 1995).
5198:
5158:
5103:
5080:
5054:
4750:
4729:
4708:
4655:
4612:
4577:
4552:
4526:
4496:
4453:
4393:
4367:
4314:
4233:
4220:
4211:
4176:Major, Tom (30 November 2018).
4144:United States Geological Survey
4129:
4086:
4059:
4020:
3994:
3921:
3829:
3789:
3668:
3601:
3570:
3556:. CRC Press. pp. 152–154.
3554:Handbook of Inorganic Compounds
3450:
3404:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
3391:
3351:
2763:
2733:The components are placed in a
2562:Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
2297:Dysprosium halides, such as DyF
2013:Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
6210:
6183:
5726:
5690:
5528:
5483:
5165:Dierks, Steve (January 1995).
5135:Dierks, Steve (January 2003).
4946:10.1103/physrevlett.108.215301
4885:10.1103/physrevlett.107.190401
4824:10.1103/physrevlett.104.063001
4714:Milward, Steve et al. (2004).
4665:. Live Science. 18 August 2021
4327:IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
3836:Overland, Indra (2019-03-01).
3210:
3151:
3016:
2971:
2784:are used in neutron-absorbing
2772:and other elements, in making
2751:Halls Creek, Western Australia
2707:, or dysprosium chloride, DyCl
2099:orthorhombic crystal structure
1525:poly: 9.9 µm/(m⋅K) (
1391:Pauling scale: 1.22
1:
5915:
4505:"Take Terfenol-D and call me"
4267:Lagowski, J. J., ed. (2004).
3822:The discovery of the elements
3740:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001
3577:Jantsch, G.; Ohl, A. (1911).
3416:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.11.068
3010:
2674:
2603:
1572:Molar magnetic susceptibility
1549:α, poly: 926 nΩ⋅m (
4779:10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.11.017
4726:. University College London.
4539:Standford Advanced Materials
3519:Heiserman, David L. (1992).
3333:. Greenwood Press. pp.
2387:, and dysprosium sulfate, Dy
2267:
7:
6937:Renewable energy technology
5288:It's Elemental – Dysprosium
5251:Material Safety Data Sheets
5211:Material Safety Data Sheets
5171:Material Safety Data Sheets
5141:Material Safety Data Sheets
5067:Stanford Advanced Materials
4376:"Supply and Demand, Part 2"
4226:Jasper, Clint (2015-09-22)
3819:Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956).
3084:Arblaster, John W. (2018).
2683:sand, a mixture of various
2489:
2313:, more so than iron oxide.
1510: = 359.16 pm
1484:hexagonal close-packed
10:
6953:
5814:
5643:
5562:
5481:
5445:
5347:
4422:10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.06.006
3964:10.1038/s41586-021-03725-7
3863:10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.018
3675:Okamoto, H. (2005-04-01).
3231:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6
3048:Pure and Applied Chemistry
2543:
2493:
2290:
1236:when liquid (at
480:
348:
288:
228:
203:
6665:
6633:
6557:
6257:
5962:
5791:
5620:
5539:
5458:
5431:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5342:
5337:
5330:
4045:10.1007/s11981-008-1004-6
3767:10.1017/S0007087400012553
3640:10.1007/s11051-013-1438-3
3481:Patnaik, Pradyot (2003).
3323:Krebs, Robert E. (1998).
2478:Dysprosium forms several
2107:helical antiferromagnetic
1925:
1921:
1896:
1885:
1874:
1863:
1852:
1841:
1830:
1817:
1786:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1707:
1694:
1679:
1674:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1570:
1557:
1543:
1533:
1519:
1494:
1476:
1466:
1461:
1444:
1434:
1426:empirical: 178
1420:
1395:
1385:
1365:
1360:
1282:
1278:27.7 J/(mol·K)
1272:
1262:
1248:
1234:
1221:
1211:
1197:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1150:
1135:
1123:
1110:
1091:
1068:
183:
175:
171:
138:
122:
118:
110:
44:
39:
30:
5032:10.1088/1361-6633/aca814
4482:10.1177/1045389X04040649
4329:(Submitted manuscript).
3677:"Dy-Sn (Dysprosium-Tin)"
3595:10.1002/cber.19110440215
3294:Nature's Building Blocks
3204:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
2932:quantum degenerate gases
2909:yttrium aluminium garnet
2737:crucible and fired in a
2375:Dysprosium carbonate, Dy
6927:Ferromagnetic materials
4916:Physical Review Letters
4855:Physical Review Letters
4794:Physical Review Letters
4759:Journal of Luminescence
4684:Gray, Theodore (2009).
4641:10.1023/A:1004875413406
4468:Effect of Terfenol-D".
4302:. MIT Technology Review
4300:"The Rare Earth Crisis"
2029:magnetic susceptibility
1660:500–1050 MPa
1539:10.7 W/(m⋅K)
4027:Naumov, A. V. (2008).
3693:10.1361/15477030523247
3527:. TAB Books. pp.
3373:(3): 6. Archived from
3358:Jackson, Mike (2000).
3158:Weast, Robert (1984).
2849:Dysprosium is used in
2613:
2510:observationally stable
2496:Isotopes of dysprosium
2288:
2276:Dysprosium sulfate, Dy
2103:hexagonal close-packed
2074:
1709:Isotopes of dysprosium
1650:410–550 MPa
1545:Electrical resistivity
1450:
1230:8.550 g/cm
1152:Electron configuration
124:Standard atomic weight
5207:"Dysprosium Fluoride"
5167:"Dysprosium Chloride"
4436:"What is Terfenol-D?"
3552:Perry, D. L. (1995).
3291:Emsley, John (2001).
3056:10.1515/pac-2019-0603
2924:magneto-optical traps
2844:mechanical resonators
2611:
2587:Iowa State University
2564:, while working with
2275:
2244:(aq) → 2 Dy (aq) + 3
2131:dysprosium(III) oxide
2105:(hcp). It then has a
2072:
1449:
1268:280 kJ/mol
6627:Dysprosium compounds
3915:10.7591/j.ctt1w0dd6d
3124:10.1039/CS9932200017
2589:in the early 1950s.
2484:dysprosium stannides
2293:Dysprosium compounds
2154:dysprosium hydroxide
1933:Category: Dysprosium
1686:Lecoq de Boisbaudran
1535:Thermal conductivity
1377:, +4 (a weakly
1264:Heat of vaporization
1244:8.37 g/cm
1226:(at 20° C)
4938:2012PhRvL.108u5301L
4877:2011PhRvL.107s0401L
4816:2010PhRvL.104f3001L
4771:2017JLum..183..251C
4633:2000JMatS..35.4177H
4414:2004JMMM..283..353Y
4339:1998ITM....34.1291F
3956:2021Natur.596..357N
3854:2019ERSS...49...36O
3732:2017ChPhC..41c0001A
3622:2013JNR....15.1438V
2125:Chemical properties
2119:body-centered cubic
2065:Physical properties
1616:40.5 GPa
1606:24.7 GPa
1596:61.4 GPa
1440:192±7 pm
1397:Ionization energies
1285:Vapor pressure
1274:Molar heat capacity
1173:Physical properties
1165:Electrons per shell
27:
6922:Energy development
5247:"Dysprosium Oxide"
4743:2013-10-04 at the
4722:2013-10-04 at the
4163:The New York Times
4123:The New York Times
3219:Scientific Reports
2978:static electricity
2948:quantum simulation
2895:metal-halide lamps
2855:ionizing radiation
2614:
2538:metastable isomers
2523:of approximately 3
2289:
2079:rare-earth element
2075:
1990:rare-earth element
1467:Natural occurrence
1457:
1451:
1168:2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
1075:
1058:
176:Dysprosium in the
19:
6907:Chemical elements
6887:
6886:
6593:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6552:
6551:
4701:978-1-57912-814-2
4347:10.1109/20.706525
4284:978-0-02-865724-0
4079:978-0-415-33340-5
3940:(7872): 357–361.
3720:Chinese Physics C
3563:978-0-8493-8671-8
3538:978-0-8306-3018-9
3494:978-0-07-049439-8
3344:978-0-313-30123-0
3304:978-0-19-850341-5
3266:978-0-8493-0488-0
3192:Chinese Physics C
3095:978-1-62708-155-9
2756:According to the
2689:flotation process
2560:. French chemist
2095:Curie temperature
2073:Dysprosium sample
1994:lanthanide series
1968:
1967:
1917:
1916:
1559:Magnetic ordering
1521:Thermal expansion
1496:Lattice constants
1478:Crystal structure
1452:
1387:Electronegativity
1361:Atomic properties
1355:
1354:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1073:
1056:
1048:
1047:
774:Mercury (element)
21:Dysprosium,
6944:
6867:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6597:
6596:
6562:
6561:
6548:
6546:
6539:
6537:
6530:
6528:
6521:
6519:
6512:
6510:
6503:
6501:
6494:
6492:
6485:
6483:
6476:
6474:
6467:
6465:
6458:
6456:
6449:
6447:
6440:
6438:
6431:
6429:
6422:
6420:
6413:
6411:
6404:
6402:
6395:
6393:
6386:
6384:
6377:
6375:
6368:
6366:
6359:
6357:
6350:
6348:
6341:
6339:
6332:
6330:
6323:
6321:
6314:
6312:
6305:
6303:
6296:
6294:
6287:
6285:
6278:
6276:
6269:
6267:
6253:
6251:
6244:
6242:
6235:
6233:
6226:
6224:
6217:
6215:
6208:
6206:
6199:
6197:
6190:
6188:
6181:
6179:
6172:
6170:
6163:
6161:
6154:
6152:
6145:
6143:
6136:
6134:
6127:
6125:
6118:
6116:
6109:
6107:
6100:
6098:
6091:
6089:
6082:
6080:
6073:
6071:
6064:
6062:
6055:
6053:
6046:
6044:
6037:
6035:
6028:
6026:
6019:
6017:
6010:
6008:
6001:
5999:
5992:
5990:
5983:
5981:
5974:
5972:
5958:
5956:
5949:
5947:
5940:
5938:
5931:
5929:
5922:
5920:
5913:
5911:
5904:
5902:
5895:
5893:
5886:
5884:
5877:
5875:
5868:
5866:
5859:
5857:
5850:
5848:
5841:
5839:
5832:
5830:
5823:
5821:
5812:
5810:
5803:
5801:
5787:
5785:
5778:
5776:
5769:
5767:
5760:
5758:
5751:
5749:
5742:
5740:
5733:
5731:
5724:
5722:
5715:
5713:
5706:
5704:
5697:
5695:
5688:
5686:
5679:
5677:
5670:
5668:
5661:
5659:
5652:
5650:
5641:
5639:
5632:
5630:
5616:
5614:
5607:
5605:
5598:
5596:
5589:
5587:
5580:
5578:
5571:
5569:
5560:
5558:
5551:
5549:
5535:
5533:
5526:
5524:
5517:
5515:
5508:
5506:
5499:
5497:
5490:
5488:
5479:
5477:
5470:
5468:
5454:
5452:
5443:
5441:
5333:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5276:
5275:
5269:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5229:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5189:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5025:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4931:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4870:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4809:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4754:
4748:
4733:
4727:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4408:(2–3): 353–356.
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4358:
4350:
4333:(4): 1291–1293.
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4248:(4): 1064–1066.
4237:
4231:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4154:
4148:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4114:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3949:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3875:
3865:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3717:
3708:
3697:
3696:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3659:
3651:
3633:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3589:(2): 1274–1280.
3574:
3568:
3567:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3526:
3516:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3379:
3364:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3320:
3309:
3308:
3288:
3271:
3270:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3189:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3127:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3081:
3068:
3067:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3020:
2922:and confined in
2863:calcium fluoride
2836:magnetostriction
2790:nuclear reactors
2534:electron capture
2526:
2482:, including the
2307:Dysprosium oxide
2255:
2254:
2253:
2164:O (l) → 2 Dy(OH)
2077:Dysprosium is a
2054:magnetostrictive
2047:
2046:
2044:
2025:nuclear reactors
2008:of which is Dy.
1975:chemical element
1956:
1949:
1942:
1930:
1929:
1910:
1905:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1772:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1703:
1690:
1656:Brinell hardness
1646:Vickers hardness
1627:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1505:
1462:Other properties
1376:
1367:Oxidation states
1333:
1329:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1241:
1227:
1188:
1187:
1143:
1119:(no number)
1103:
1102:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
952:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
817:
810:
803:
796:
789:
782:
775:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
698:
691:
684:
677:
670:
663:
656:
649:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
607:
600:
591:
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
542:
535:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:
493:
486:
475:
468:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
345:
338:
329:
322:
315:
308:
301:
294:
285:
278:
269:
262:
255:
248:
241:
234:
225:
218:
209:
200:
194:
193:
189:
188:
185:
184:
159:
157:
150:
148:
134:
106:
101:
92:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
35:
28:
26:
18:
6952:
6951:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6932:Reducing agents
6892:
6891:
6888:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6853:
6849:
6836:
6832:
6824:
6811:
6807:
6799:
6791:
6783:
6779:
6771:
6763:
6755:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6712:
6708:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6661:
6652:
6644:
6629:
6624:
6594:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6553:
6544:
6542:
6535:
6533:
6526:
6524:
6517:
6515:
6508:
6506:
6499:
6497:
6490:
6488:
6481:
6479:
6472:
6470:
6463:
6461:
6454:
6452:
6445:
6443:
6436:
6434:
6427:
6425:
6418:
6416:
6409:
6407:
6400:
6398:
6391:
6389:
6382:
6380:
6373:
6371:
6364:
6362:
6355:
6353:
6346:
6344:
6337:
6335:
6328:
6326:
6319:
6317:
6310:
6308:
6301:
6299:
6292:
6290:
6283:
6281:
6274:
6272:
6265:
6263:
6249:
6247:
6240:
6238:
6231:
6229:
6222:
6220:
6213:
6211:
6204:
6202:
6195:
6193:
6186:
6184:
6177:
6175:
6168:
6166:
6159:
6157:
6150:
6148:
6141:
6139:
6132:
6130:
6123:
6121:
6114:
6112:
6105:
6103:
6096:
6094:
6087:
6085:
6078:
6076:
6069:
6067:
6060:
6058:
6051:
6049:
6042:
6040:
6033:
6031:
6024:
6022:
6015:
6013:
6006:
6004:
5997:
5995:
5988:
5986:
5979:
5977:
5970:
5968:
5954:
5952:
5945:
5943:
5936:
5934:
5927:
5925:
5918:
5916:
5909:
5907:
5900:
5898:
5891:
5889:
5882:
5880:
5873:
5871:
5864:
5862:
5855:
5853:
5846:
5844:
5837:
5835:
5828:
5826:
5819:
5817:
5808:
5806:
5799:
5797:
5783:
5781:
5774:
5772:
5765:
5763:
5756:
5754:
5747:
5745:
5738:
5736:
5729:
5727:
5720:
5718:
5711:
5709:
5702:
5700:
5693:
5691:
5684:
5682:
5675:
5673:
5666:
5664:
5657:
5655:
5648:
5646:
5637:
5635:
5628:
5626:
5612:
5610:
5603:
5601:
5594:
5592:
5585:
5583:
5576:
5574:
5567:
5565:
5556:
5554:
5547:
5545:
5531:
5529:
5522:
5520:
5513:
5511:
5504:
5502:
5495:
5493:
5486:
5484:
5475:
5473:
5466:
5464:
5450:
5448:
5439:
5437:
5326:
5321:
5284:
5279:
5263:
5262:
5256:
5254:
5243:
5239:
5223:
5222:
5216:
5214:
5203:
5199:
5183:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5163:
5159:
5150:
5148:
5133:
5129:
5122:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5092:
5085:
5081:
5071:
5069:
5059:
5055:
5010:Rep. Prog. Phys
5006:
5002:
4993:
4991:
4973:
4969:
4912:
4908:
4851:
4847:
4790:
4786:
4755:
4751:
4745:Wayback Machine
4734:
4730:
4724:Wayback Machine
4713:
4709:
4702:
4682:
4678:
4668:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4617:
4613:
4597:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4569:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4531:
4527:
4518:
4516:
4501:
4497:
4460:Kellogg, Rick;
4458:
4454:
4445:
4443:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4398:
4394:
4385:
4383:
4382:on June 4, 2008
4372:
4368:
4352:
4351:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4265:
4261:
4238:
4234:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4174:
4170:
4155:
4151:
4134:
4130:
4115:
4108:
4099:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4064:
4060:
4025:
4021:
4011:
4009:
3999:
3995:
3926:
3922:
3907:
3893:
3889:
3834:
3830:
3817:
3813:
3794:
3790:
3751:
3747:
3715:
3709:
3700:
3673:
3669:
3653:
3652:
3631:10.1.1.705.3019
3606:
3602:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3479:
3472:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3396:
3392:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3321:
3312:
3305:
3289:
3274:
3267:
3253:
3246:
3215:
3211:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3156:
3152:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3082:
3071:
3039:
3035:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3013:
2994:oxidizing agent
2991:
2987:
2974:
2928:quantum physics
2880:
2859:calcium sulfate
2799:are sources of
2778:thermal-neutron
2766:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2677:
2606:
2577:from the Greek
2546:
2524:
2498:
2492:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:, as well as Dy
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2208:
2205:2 Dy (s) + 3 Br
2201:
2197:
2194:2 Dy (s) + 3 Cl
2190:
2186:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2127:
2085:Dysprosium and
2067:
2062:
2060:Characteristics
2042:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2027:, for its high
1960:
1935:
1908:
1903:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1770:
1763:
1756:abundance
1729:
1711:
1701:
1695:First isolation
1688:
1670:7429-91-6
1625:
1592:Young's modulus
1581:
1578:
1576:
1511:
1506:
1436:Covalent radius
1416:
1372:
1356:
1331:
1299:
1235:
1225:
1181:
1096:
1092:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
831:
824:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
547:
540:
533:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
491:
484:
473:
466:
457:
450:
443:
436:
429:
422:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
359:
352:
343:
336:
327:
320:
313:
306:
299:
292:
283:
276:
267:
260:
253:
246:
239:
232:
223:
216:
207:
198:
167:
155:
153:
146:
144:
132:
126:
99:
94:
52:
48:
24:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6950:
6940:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6623:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6600:
6591:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6540:
6531:
6522:
6513:
6504:
6495:
6486:
6477:
6468:
6459:
6450:
6441:
6432:
6423:
6414:
6405:
6396:
6387:
6378:
6369:
6360:
6351:
6342:
6333:
6324:
6315:
6306:
6297:
6288:
6279:
6270:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6245:
6236:
6227:
6218:
6209:
6200:
6191:
6182:
6173:
6164:
6155:
6146:
6137:
6128:
6119:
6110:
6101:
6092:
6083:
6074:
6065:
6056:
6047:
6038:
6029:
6020:
6011:
6002:
5993:
5984:
5975:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5950:
5941:
5932:
5923:
5914:
5905:
5896:
5887:
5878:
5869:
5860:
5851:
5842:
5833:
5824:
5815:
5813:
5804:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5725:
5716:
5707:
5698:
5689:
5680:
5671:
5662:
5653:
5644:
5642:
5633:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5608:
5599:
5590:
5581:
5572:
5563:
5561:
5552:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5527:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5480:
5471:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5446:
5444:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5324:Periodic table
5320:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5283:
5282:External links
5280:
5278:
5277:
5237:
5197:
5157:
5127:
5120:
5102:
5079:
5053:
5000:
4967:
4922:(21): 215301.
4906:
4861:(19): 190401.
4845:
4784:
4749:
4735:Hepburn, Ian.
4728:
4707:
4700:
4676:
4654:
4611:
4576:
4551:
4533:Loewen, Eric.
4525:
4495:
4476:(5): 355–368.
4462:Flatau, Alison
4452:
4427:
4392:
4366:
4313:
4290:
4283:
4259:
4232:
4219:
4210:
4195:
4168:
4149:
4147:. January 2016
4128:
4106:
4085:
4078:
4058:
4019:
4007:www.mindat.org
3993:
3920:
3906:978-1501714603
3905:
3887:
3828:
3811:
3802:Comptes Rendus
3788:
3761:(4): 400–423.
3745:
3698:
3687:(2): 200–202.
3667:
3600:
3569:
3562:
3544:
3537:
3506:
3493:
3470:
3449:
3390:
3350:
3343:
3310:
3303:
3272:
3265:
3244:
3209:
3175:
3168:
3150:
3139:(1–2): 49–55.
3112:Chem. Soc. Rev
3101:
3094:
3069:
3033:
3014:
3012:
3009:
2992:, is a strong
2989:
2985:
2973:
2970:
2950:with strongly
2878:
2857:. Crystals of
2853:for measuring
2765:
2762:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2719:→ 2 Dy + 3 CaF
2716:
2708:
2704:
2676:
2673:
2605:
2602:
2583:Frank Spedding
2545:
2542:
2494:Main article:
2491:
2488:
2480:intermetallics
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2302:
2298:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2236:2 Dy (s) + 3 H
2226:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:2 Dy (s) + 3 I
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:2 Dy (s) + 3 F
2174:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:2 Dy (s) + 6 H
2150:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2126:
2123:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2034:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1743:Main isotopes
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1699:Georges Urbain
1696:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1622:Speed of sound
1618:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1566:at 300 K
1561:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1454:Spectral lines
1442:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1250:Heat of fusion
1246:
1245:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:f-block groups
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1066:
1065:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
820:
819:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
714:
707:
700:
693:
686:
679:
672:
665:
658:
651:
644:
637:
630:
623:
616:
609:
602:
594:
593:
586:
579:
572:
565:
558:
551:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
495:
488:
481:
479:
477:
470:
462:
461:
454:
447:
440:
433:
426:
419:
412:
405:
398:
391:
384:
377:
370:
363:
356:
349:
347:
340:
332:
331:
324:
317:
310:
303:
296:
289:
287:
280:
272:
271:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
229:
227:
220:
212:
211:
204:
202:
192:
181:
180:
178:periodic table
173:
172:
169:
168:
166:
165:
151:
141:
139:
136:
135:
130:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6949:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6890:
6880:
6870:
6868:
6856:
6854:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6827:
6825:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6802:
6800:
6794:
6792:
6786:
6784:
6774:
6772:
6766:
6764:
6758:
6756:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6715:
6713:
6703:
6701:
6687:
6685:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6647:
6645:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6621:
6616:
6614:
6609:
6607:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6556:
6547:
6538:
6529:
6520:
6511:
6502:
6493:
6484:
6475:
6466:
6457:
6448:
6439:
6430:
6421:
6412:
6403:
6394:
6385:
6376:
6367:
6358:
6349:
6340:
6331:
6322:
6313:
6304:
6295:
6286:
6277:
6268:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6243:
6234:
6225:
6216:
6207:
6198:
6189:
6180:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6144:
6135:
6126:
6117:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6072:
6063:
6054:
6045:
6036:
6027:
6018:
6009:
6000:
5991:
5982:
5973:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5948:
5939:
5930:
5921:
5912:
5903:
5894:
5885:
5876:
5867:
5858:
5849:
5840:
5831:
5822:
5811:
5802:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5777:
5768:
5759:
5750:
5741:
5732:
5723:
5714:
5705:
5696:
5687:
5678:
5669:
5660:
5651:
5640:
5631:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5606:
5597:
5588:
5579:
5570:
5559:
5550:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5525:
5516:
5507:
5498:
5489:
5478:
5469:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5442:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5273:
5267:
5252:
5248:
5241:
5233:
5227:
5212:
5208:
5201:
5193:
5187:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5147:on 2015-09-22
5146:
5142:
5138:
5131:
5123:
5121:9780387331393
5117:
5113:
5106:
5090:
5083:
5068:
5064:
5061:Lowen, Eric.
5057:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5016:(2): 026401.
5015:
5011:
5004:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4849:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4800:(6): 063001.
4799:
4795:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4703:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4680:
4664:
4658:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4621:J. Mater. Sci
4615:
4607:
4601:
4586:
4580:
4566:on 2008-04-20
4565:
4561:
4555:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4442:on 2015-05-10
4441:
4437:
4431:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4381:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4356:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4301:
4294:
4286:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4223:
4214:
4206:
4199:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4111:
4095:
4089:
4081:
4075:
4072:. CRC Press.
4071:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3873:11250/2579292
3869:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3824:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3804:(in French).
3803:
3799:
3792:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3726:(3): 030001.
3725:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3663:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3496:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3477:
3475:
3460:. Webelements
3459:
3453:
3445:
3439:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3380:on 2017-07-12
3376:
3372:
3368:
3367:IRM Quarterly
3361:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3249:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3198:(3): 030001.
3197:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3171:
3169:0-8493-0464-4
3165:
3161:
3154:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3105:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2797:chalcogenides
2795:
2792:. Dysprosium–
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2729:→ Dy + 3 LiCl
2724:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2652:, often with
2651:
2647:
2643:
2642:blomstrandine
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2600:quantum gas.
2599:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2566:holmium oxide
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2518:
2517:radioisotopes
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2473:nanoparticles
2373:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2294:
2274:
2265:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:sulfuric acid
2215:
2204:
2193:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:ferromagnetic
2088:
2083:
2080:
2071:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:atomic number
1983:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1961: |
1957:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1895:
1884:
1873:
1862:
1851:
1840:
1829:
1826:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1781:product
1779:
1777:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1636:Poisson ratio
1633:
1629:
1626:thin rod
1623:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1602:Shear modulus
1599:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:of dysprosium
1455:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1422:Atomic radius
1419:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:Boiling point
1210:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:Melting point
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:period 6
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1094:Atomic number
1090:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
988:
983:
981:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
960:
955:
953:
948:
946:
944:Rutherfordium
941:
939:
934:
932:
927:
925:
920:
918:
913:
911:
906:
904:
899:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
829:
827:
822:
821:
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813:
811:
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797:
792:
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778:
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771:
769:
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748:
743:
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708:
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687:
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680:
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673:
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664:
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631:
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531:
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142:
140:
137:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:silvery white
113:
109:
104:
103:
88:
47:
45:Pronunciation
43:
38:
34:
29:
6889:
6068:
5255:. Retrieved
5250:
5240:
5215:. Retrieved
5210:
5200:
5175:. Retrieved
5170:
5160:
5149:. Retrieved
5145:the original
5140:
5137:"Dysprosium"
5130:
5111:
5105:
5093:. Retrieved
5082:
5070:. Retrieved
5066:
5056:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4992:. Retrieved
4980:
4970:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4731:
4710:
4687:The Elements
4686:
4679:
4667:. Retrieved
4657:
4627:(16): 4177.
4624:
4620:
4614:
4589:. Retrieved
4579:
4568:. Retrieved
4564:the original
4554:
4542:. Retrieved
4538:
4528:
4517:. Retrieved
4512:
4508:
4498:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4455:
4444:. Retrieved
4440:the original
4430:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4384:. Retrieved
4380:the original
4369:
4355:cite journal
4330:
4326:
4316:
4304:. Retrieved
4293:
4269:
4262:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4230:. abc.net.au
4222:
4213:
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4181:
4171:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4131:
4122:
4098:. Retrieved
4088:
4068:
4061:
4039:(1): 14–22.
4036:
4032:
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
4006:
4003:"Mindat.org"
3996:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3896:
3890:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3821:
3814:
3808:: 1003–1006.
3805:
3801:
3791:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3723:
3719:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3656:cite journal
3613:
3609:
3603:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3553:
3547:
3522:
3498:. Retrieved
3483:
3462:. Retrieved
3452:
3438:cite journal
3427:. Retrieved
3407:
3403:
3393:
3382:. Retrieved
3375:the original
3370:
3366:
3353:
3329:
3325:"Dysprosium"
3293:
3256:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3195:
3191:
3178:
3159:
3153:
3136:
3132:
3115:
3111:
3104:
3085:
3047:
3036:
3018:
2998:
2975:
2956:
2920:laser cooled
2917:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2875:
2848:
2842:, wide-band
2829:
2814:–iron–boron
2810:
2786:control rods
2767:
2764:Applications
2755:
2748:
2744:
2732:
2715:3 Ca + 2 DyF
2693:ion exchange
2678:
2663:In the high-
2662:
2620:, including
2615:
2595:
2591:
2578:
2574:
2547:
2515:Twenty-nine
2514:
2499:
2477:
2374:
2315:
2296:
2263:
2227:
2209:(l) → 2 DyBr
2198:(g) → 2 DyCl
2178:
2175:
2151:
2128:
2115:paramagnetic
2084:
2076:
2035:
2021:control rods
2017:ion-exchange
2010:
1988:66. It is a
1981:
1970:
1969:
1904:2.334 h
1765:
1702: (1905)
1689: (1886)
1612:Bulk modulus
1564:paramagnetic
1512:
1507:
1486:(hcp) (
1373:
1326:
1294:
1284:
1098:
986:Darmstadtium
853:Protactinium
674:
627:Praseodymium
127:
6917:Lanthanides
4765:: 251–258.
4509:Fleet Owner
4188:30 November
4136:Rare Earths
3616:(2): 1438.
3410:: 333–337.
2972:Precautions
2966:transducers
2871:luminescent
2840:transducers
2725:3 Li + DyCl
2669:lanthanides
2626:fergusonite
2579:dysprositos
2220:(g) → 2 DyI
2187:(g) → 2 DyF
2111:basal plane
2004:, the most
1640:0.247
1371:0, +1, +2,
1319:100 k
1254:11.06
1160:] 4f 6s
1028:Livermorium
1000:Copernicium
993:Roentgenium
923:Mendelevium
909:Einsteinium
902:Californium
6902:Dysprosium
6896:Categories
5257:2008-11-07
5217:2008-11-07
5177:2008-11-07
5151:2008-10-20
5023:2201.02672
4994:2023-03-11
4591:2009-06-06
4570:2009-06-06
4519:2008-11-06
4446:2008-11-06
4386:2008-11-09
4100:2009-06-02
4012:14 January
3947:2102.05555
3500:2009-06-06
3464:2012-08-16
3429:2018-06-13
3384:2009-05-03
3011:References
2936:open shell
2888:supersolid
2851:dosimeters
2832:Terfenol-D
2820:coercivity
2806:hard disks
2685:phosphates
2675:Production
2650:bastnäsite
2630:gadolinite
2604:Occurrence
2598:supersolid
2575:dysprosium
2324:; DyS, DyS
2291:See also:
2256:(aq) + 3 H
2168:(aq) + 3 H
2137:4 Dy + 3 O
2050:Terfenol-D
1971:Dysprosium
1963:references
1666:CAS Number
1471:primordial
1316:10 k
1203:1680
1074:dysprosium
1035:Tennessine
979:Meitnerium
958:Seaborgium
937:Lawrencium
676:Dysprosium
662:Gadolinium
641:Promethium
513:Technetium
506:Molybdenum
307:Phosphorus
133:°(Dy)
111:Appearance
40:Dysprosium
5048:245837061
4929:1202.4444
4868:1108.5993
4807:0912.0050
4669:18 August
4490:110609960
4053:135730387
3988:231861397
3972:1476-4687
3882:2214-6296
3848:: 36–40.
3783:146534210
3626:CiteSeerX
3424:0925-8388
3239:2045-2322
3118:: 17–24.
3064:1365-3075
2940:fermionic
2812:Neodymium
2638:polycrase
2548:In 1878,
2521:half-life
2268:Compounds
1977:; it has
1800:10 y
1761:half-life
1681:Discovery
1313:1 k
1042:Oganesson
1021:Moscovium
1014:Flerovium
895:Berkelium
881:Americium
874:Plutonium
867:Neptunium
704:Ytterbium
634:Neodymium
613:Lanthanum
576:Tellurium
534:Palladium
520:Ruthenium
492:Zirconium
474:Strontium
430:Germanium
381:Manganese
337:Potassium
293:Aluminium
284:Magnesium
224:Beryllium
5266:cite web
5226:cite web
5186:cite web
5040:36583342
4981:OSTI.GOV
4962:15650840
4954:23003275
4901:21945255
4893:22181585
4832:20366817
4741:Archived
4720:Archived
4649:55710942
4600:cite web
4182:ABC News
3980:34408330
3648:95924050
2982:hydrogen
2801:infrared
2770:vanadium
2735:tantalum
2701:chlorine
2697:fluorine
2681:monazite
2646:monazite
2634:euxenite
2622:xenotime
2618:minerals
2612:Xenotime
2506:abundant
2502:isotopes
2490:Isotopes
2364:C and Dy
2311:magnetic
2301:and DyBr
2006:abundant
2002:isotopes
1998:xenotime
1324:at
1182:at
1007:Nihonium
930:Nobelium
839:Actinium
825:Francium
809:Astatine
802:Polonium
781:Thallium
760:Platinum
732:Tungsten
725:Tantalum
711:Lutetium
655:Europium
648:Samarium
569:Antimony
467:Rubidium
444:Selenium
374:Chromium
367:Vanadium
360:Titanium
353:Scandium
321:Chlorine
261:Fluorine
247:Nitrogen
199:Hydrogen
162:abridged
6666:Dy(III)
6581:p-block
6576:d-block
6571:f-block
6566:s-block
4989:6507735
4934:Bibcode
4873:Bibcode
4840:7614035
4812:Bibcode
4767:Bibcode
4692:152–153
4629:Bibcode
4544:Sep 15,
4515:(2): 97
4410:Bibcode
4335:Bibcode
4306:18 June
4275:267–268
4139:archive
3952:Bibcode
3850:Bibcode
3775:4025503
3728:Bibcode
3618:Bibcode
3335:234–235
3030:. 2001.
2954:atoms.
2952:dipolar
2944:bosonic
2867:excited
2816:magnets
2794:cadmium
2782:cermets
2665:yttrium
2658:holmium
2558:thulium
2554:holmium
2544:History
2530:β decay
2356:and DyB
2320:and DyH
2087:holmium
1992:in the
1892:stable
1881:stable
1870:stable
1859:stable
1848:stable
1837:stable
1834:0.095%
1821:0.056%
1675:History
1624:
1351:(2831)
1348:(2304)
1345:(1954)
1342:(1704)
1223:Density
1145:f-block
1078:holmium
1070:terbium
972:Hassium
965:Bohrium
951:Dubnium
916:Fermium
860:Uranium
846:Thorium
795:Bismuth
753:Iridium
739:Rhenium
718:Hafnium
697:Thulium
683:Holmium
669:Terbium
599:Caesium
548:Cadmium
527:Rhodium
499:Niobium
485:Yttrium
458:Krypton
451:Bromine
437:Arsenic
423:Gallium
344:Calcium
300:Silicon
217:Lithium
160: (
145:162.500
102:-zee-əm
93:
6796:Dy(OH)
6634:Dy(II)
5118:
5095:Aug 2,
5072:Aug 2,
5046:
5038:
4987:
4960:
4952:
4899:
4891:
4838:
4830:
4698:
4647:
4488:
4281:
4076:
4051:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3934:Nature
3913:
3903:
3880:
3781:
3773:
3646:
3628:
3560:
3535:
3531:–238.
3491:
3422:
3341:
3301:
3263:
3237:
3166:
3092:
3062:
2934:of an
2913:Dy:YAG
2825:Toyota
2739:helium
2654:erbium
2550:erbium
2336:and Dy
2141:→ 2 Dy
1979:symbol
1931:
1900:synth
1889:28.3%
1878:24.9%
1867:25.5%
1856:18.9%
1845:2.33%
1825:stable
1430:
1413:
1381:oxide)
1330:
1298:
1258:
1256:kJ/mol
1142:
1125:Period
888:Curium
832:Radium
746:Osmium
690:Erbium
620:Cerium
606:Barium
583:Iodine
555:Indium
541:Silver
409:Copper
402:Nickel
395:Cobalt
314:Sulfur
277:Sodium
254:Oxygen
240:Carbon
208:Helium
154:162.50
91:
6804:Dy(NO
6776:Dy(IO
6705:Dy(CH
5044:S2CID
5018:arXiv
4958:S2CID
4924:arXiv
4897:S2CID
4863:arXiv
4836:S2CID
4802:arXiv
4645:S2CID
4486:S2CID
4049:S2CID
3984:S2CID
3942:arXiv
3911:JSTOR
3779:S2CID
3771:JSTOR
3716:(PDF)
3644:S2CID
3378:(PDF)
3363:(PDF)
3188:(PDF)
3028:CIAAW
2963:SONAR
2959:SONAR
2774:laser
2570:Paris
2447:·2–3H
2352:, DyB
2348:, DyB
2344:; DyB
1973:is a
1791:synth
1747:Decay
1379:basic
1339:1523
1336:1378
1192:solid
1179:Phase
1156:[
1137:Block
1112:Group
816:Radon
590:Xenon
328:Argon
233:Boron
149:0.001
6821:DyPO
6760:DyCl
6752:DyBr
6747:DyBi
6742:DyAs
6737:DySb
6717:Dy(C
6709:COO)
6641:DyCl
5272:link
5232:link
5192:link
5116:ISBN
5097:2024
5074:2024
5036:PMID
4985:OSTI
4950:PMID
4889:PMID
4828:PMID
4696:ISBN
4671:2021
4606:link
4546:2024
4361:link
4308:2016
4279:ISBN
4190:2018
4074:ISBN
4014:2018
3976:PMID
3968:ISSN
3901:ISBN
3878:ISSN
3662:link
3558:ISBN
3533:ISBN
3489:ISBN
3444:link
3420:ISSN
3339:ISBN
3299:ISBN
3261:ISBN
3235:ISSN
3164:ISBN
3128:and
3090:ISBN
3060:ISSN
3001:mice
2926:for
2883:bars
2877:DyBr
2869:and
2656:and
2648:and
2556:and
2431:·10H
2328:, Dy
2224:(s)
2213:(s)
2202:(s)
2191:(s)
2041:5.44
1984:and
1955:edit
1948:talk
1941:view
1796:1.40
1776:mode
1577:+103
1551:r.t.
1527:r.t.
1310:100
1300:(Pa)
1238:m.p.
788:Lead
767:Gold
416:Zinc
388:Iron
268:Neon
158:0.01
100:PROH
98:dis-
6841:DyP
6816:DyN
6788:DyI
6768:DyF
6657:DyS
6649:DyI
5028:doi
4942:doi
4920:108
4881:doi
4859:107
4820:doi
4798:104
4775:doi
4763:183
4637:doi
4478:doi
4418:doi
4406:283
4343:doi
4250:doi
4041:doi
3960:doi
3938:596
3868:hdl
3858:doi
3806:143
3763:doi
3736:doi
3689:doi
3636:doi
3591:doi
3529:236
3412:doi
3408:553
3227:doi
3200:doi
3141:doi
3137:688
3120:doi
3052:doi
2861:or
2788:in
2699:or
2585:at
2467:·4H
2459:(CO
2439:(CO
2411:·4H
2403:(CO
2391:(SO
2379:(CO
2280:(SO
2260:(g)
2172:(g)
2101:to
2052:(a
2023:in
1913:Ho
1897:Dy
1886:Dy
1875:Dy
1864:Dy
1853:Dy
1842:Dy
1831:Dy
1818:Dy
1787:Dy
1769:1/2
1579:500
1488:hP2
1332:(K)
1307:10
1185:STP
562:Tin
6898::
6876:Te
6872:Dy
6859:Dy
6850:Se
6846:Dy
6829:Dy
6693:Ti
6689:Dy
6677:Sn
6673:Dy
6545:Og
6536:Ts
6527:Lv
6518:Mc
6509:Fl
6500:Nh
6491:Cn
6482:Rg
6473:Ds
6464:Mt
6455:Hs
6446:Bh
6437:Sg
6428:Db
6419:Rf
6410:Lr
6401:No
6392:Md
6383:Fm
6374:Es
6365:Cf
6356:Bk
6347:Cm
6338:Am
6329:Pu
6320:Np
6302:Pa
6293:Th
6284:Ac
6275:Ra
6266:Fr
6250:Rn
6241:At
6232:Po
6223:Bi
6214:Pb
6205:Tl
6196:Hg
6187:Au
6178:Pt
6169:Ir
6160:Os
6151:Re
6133:Ta
6124:Hf
6115:Lu
6106:Yb
6097:Tm
6088:Er
6079:Ho
6070:Dy
6061:Tb
6052:Gd
6043:Eu
6034:Sm
6025:Pm
6016:Nd
6007:Pr
5998:Ce
5989:La
5980:Ba
5971:Cs
5955:Xe
5937:Te
5928:Sb
5919:Sn
5910:In
5901:Cd
5892:Ag
5883:Pd
5874:Rh
5865:Ru
5856:Tc
5847:Mo
5838:Nb
5829:Zr
5809:Sr
5800:Rb
5784:Kr
5775:Br
5766:Se
5757:As
5748:Ge
5739:Ga
5730:Zn
5721:Cu
5712:Ni
5703:Co
5694:Fe
5685:Mn
5676:Cr
5658:Ti
5649:Sc
5638:Ca
5613:Ar
5604:Cl
5577:Si
5568:Al
5557:Mg
5548:Na
5532:Ne
5476:Be
5467:Li
5451:He
5426:18
5421:17
5416:16
5411:15
5406:14
5401:13
5396:12
5391:11
5386:10
5268:}}
5264:{{
5249:.
5228:}}
5224:{{
5209:.
5188:}}
5184:{{
5169:.
5139:.
5065:.
5042:.
5034:.
5026:.
5014:86
5012:.
4983:.
4979:.
4956:.
4948:.
4940:.
4932:.
4918:.
4895:.
4887:.
4879:.
4871:.
4857:.
4834:.
4826:.
4818:.
4810:.
4796:.
4773:.
4761:.
4739:.
4718:.
4694:.
4643:.
4635:.
4625:35
4623:.
4602:}}
4598:{{
4537:.
4513:95
4511:.
4507:.
4484:.
4474:15
4472:.
4416:.
4404:.
4357:}}
4353:{{
4341:.
4331:34
4325:.
4277:.
4246:88
4244:.
4180:.
4161:.
4141:.
4121:.
4109:^
4047:.
4037:49
4035:.
4031:.
4005:.
3982:.
3974:.
3966:.
3958:.
3950:.
3936:.
3932:.
3909:.
3876:.
3866:.
3856:.
3846:49
3844:.
3840:.
3800:.
3777:.
3769:.
3757:.
3734:.
3724:41
3722:.
3718:.
3701:^
3685:26
3683:.
3679:.
3658:}}
3654:{{
3642:.
3634:.
3624:.
3614:15
3612:.
3587:44
3585:.
3581:.
3509:^
3473:^
3440:}}
3436:{{
3418:.
3406:.
3402:.
3371:10
3369:.
3365:.
3337:.
3327:.
3313:^
3275:^
3247:^
3233:.
3223:12
3221:.
3196:45
3194:.
3190:.
3135:.
3116:22
3114:.
3072:^
3058:.
3050:.
3046:.
3026:.
2904:.
2644:,
2640:,
2636:,
2632:,
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