1402:
117:
3045:
799:
1871:
38:
3104:. The enduring sanctity of the mountain, the annual pilgrimage to its summit, and the solemn sacrifice of a white bull by the local people provide abundant evidence that the ancient cult of the sky-god on Mount Tomorr continues through the generations almost untouched by the course of political events and religious changes.
3132:, however, and abandoning many of the names of the other Proto-Indo-European gods, replacing them with new Slavic or Iranian names), while not replacing it with any other specific god, as a result of cultural contacts with Iranian peoples in the first millennium BC. Hence, after the process of demonization by the Slavs,
3456:) does not mean 'heaven' but either 'god' in general or the Sun-god. The Greek Zeus is king of the gods and the supreme power in the world, his influence extending everywhere and into most spheres of life. There is little reason, however, to think that the Indo-European Dyeus had any such importance."
698:) is also of contrast: the latter is portrayed as the vast and dark dwelling of mortals, located below the bright seat of the gods. According to Jackson however, as the thunder-god is frequently associated with the fructifying rains, she may be a more fitting partner of
789:
note however that "these functions are much too generic to support the supposition of a distinct PIE 'consort goddess' and many of the 'consorts' probably represent assimilations of earlier goddesses who may have had nothing to do with marriage."
638:
duo, but he was suited to serve at least as a witness to oaths and treaties. Proto-Indo-Europeans also visualized the sun as the "lamp of Dyēus" or the "eye of Dyēus", as seen in various reflexes: "the god's lamp" in
626:
is often described as "all-seeing" or "with wide vision" in Indo-European myths. It is unlikely however that he was in charge of the supervision of justice and righteousness, as it was the case for Zeus or the
690:, the Earth goddess, and described as uniting with her to ensure the growth and sustenance of terrestrial life; the earth becomes pregnant as the rain falls from the sky. The relationship between Father Sky (*
7271:
731:
displays a similar jealous and quarrelsome disposition under provocation. A second descendant may be found in Dia, a mortal said to unite with Zeus in a Greek myth. After the mating of Dia's husband
5168:, p. 167 n. 8: "But he does not seem to be the old Sky-god, and it is preferable to suppose that he once had another name, which came to be supplanted by the title 'God'."
3626:
609:
of Dyēus are storm deities, such as Zeus and
Jupiter, this is thought to be a late development exclusive to Mediterranean traditions, probably derived from syncretism with
202:
is considered by scholars the most securely reconstructed deity of the Indo-European pantheon, as identical formulas referring to him can be found among the subsequent
7278:
762:
dialect of Asia Minor. The reconstruction is however only based upon the Greek—and to a lesser extent the Vedic—tradition, and it remains therefore not secured.
5779:
6405:
Hackstein, Olav (2006). "La langue poétique indo-européenne: archaïsme et renouvellement dans les théonymes". In
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577:
was the Sky or Day conceived as a divine entity, and thus the dwelling of the gods, the Heaven. As the gateway to the deities and the father of both the
7504:
84:
6933:
Treimer, Karl (1971). "Zur Rückerschliessung der illyrischen Götterwelt und ihre
Bedeutung für die südslawische Philologie". In Henrik Barić (ed.).
3633:. Thames & Hudson. 1951), p. 197, says: '"the entirely shining" or the "entirely bright"— doubtless the brightness of nights of full moon.'
7300:
4675:, pp. 408–409, 582: "It is argued that the underlying meaning here is not oak but rather that the Norse and Baltic forms are from
3188:
recalls that the Slavs were also supposed to believe in a god in heaven, who only deals with heavenly matters and commands other gods.
1170:
5481:
4655:, pp. 167, 243: "The Albanian Perëndi 'Heaven', 'God', has been analysed as a compound of which the first element is related to
4178:
758:, possibly a feminine counterpart of Zeus attested in the second part of the 2nd millennium BC and which may have survived in the
263:
denoting the "diurnal sky" or the "brightness of the day" (in contrast to the darkness of the night), ultimately from the root *
7264:
6212:
7001:
6980:
6904:
6845:
6821:
6773:
6751:
6669:
6648:
6620:
6596:
6395:
6338:
6293:
6269:
6138:
6096:
5906:
5429:
5331:
5307:
5281:
5072:
5041:
4986:
4891:
4864:
4791:
4512:
3942:
3791:
3606:
7295:
6958:
6880:
6527:
6414:
6117:
4090:
6463:
Jackson, Peter (2002). "Light from
Distant Asterisks. Towards a Description of the Indo-European Religious Heritage".
7525:
6923:
6797:
6730:
6572:
6551:
6506:
6445:
6371:
6317:
6248:
6186:
6162:
6072:
5728:
5351:
4555:
4488:
5507:
MacLeod, Sharon Paice (1998). "Mater Deorum
Hibernensium: Identity and Cross-Correlation in Early Irish Mythology".
7214:
4042:
5639:
Carmina gadelica: hymns and incantations with illustrative notes on words, rites, and customs, dying and obsolete
6516:
Kim, Ronald I. (2017). "The
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6106:
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295:
referred to the vast and bright sky of the day conceived as a divine entity among Proto-Indo-European speakers.
7474:
3157:
1769:
6869:
Sakhno, Serguei (2017). "The dialectology of Slavic". In Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (eds.).
3024:
As the pantheons of the individual mythologies related to Proto-Indo-European religion evolved, attributes of
566:("Father Procreator") is also attested in the Vedic, Iranian, Greek, and perhaps the Roman ritual traditions.
7530:
7287:
4369:
Prsper, Blanca (1 July 2011). "The instrumental case in the thematic noun inflection of
Continental Celtic".
592:
158:
2571:), perhaps a word for a "good deity" which progressively took the meaning of "miracle", hence "evil being",
606:
601:
was associated with the bright and vast sky, but also to the cloudy weather in the Vedic and Greek formulas
318:
also had the meaning of "Heaven", whereas it denoted "god" in general (or the Sun-god in particular) in the
7540:
7347:
7342:
7325:
6064:
The Horse, the Wheel, and
Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
5276:. Cambridge Classical Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2016. pp. 148-149 (footnote nr. 92).
1432:
856:
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6407:
La langue poétique indo-européenne: actes du colloque de travail de la Société des études indo-européennes
5573:
Marx, Christian (2014). "Rectification of position data of
Scotland in Ptolemy's Geographike Hyphegesis".
3214:
2689:, attested in votive inscriptions of altars; taken to mean the "local" or "indigenous" pronunciations of
1989:
1919:
1473:
873:
7469:
6279:
3958:
Skelton, Christina (1 April 2017). "Greek-Anatolian Language Contact and the Settlement of Pamphylia".
168:
was conceived as a divine personification of the bright sky of the day and the seat of the gods, the
7136:
Archetypal Images in Greek Religion: 5. Zeus and Hera: Archetypal Image of Father, Husband, and Wife
7134:
Kerényi, Carl; Holme, Christopher (1975). "The Word 'Zeus' and its Synonyms, 'Theos' and 'Daimon'".
5753:
7459:
7315:
5064:
4322:
Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (30 June 1999). "On the Indo-European origin of two Lusitanian theonyms (
3173:
2479:
2475:
1152:
323:
63:
4716:
Lubotsky, Alexander M. (2004). "The Phrygian Zeus and the problem of the "Lautverschiebung"". In:
595:. He was however likely not their ruler or the holder of the supreme power like Zeus and Jupiter.
17:
7454:
7377:
5793:
Encarnação, José d' (31 July 2020). "Testemunhos recentes de teónimos pré-romanos na Lusitânia".
3523:
2068:
1659:("sky") alongside the original structure "Father God". Some traditions have replaced the epithet
1638:
844:
276:
203:
4525:
4503:
Tatishvili, Irene. "Transformations of the Relationship between Hittite Kings and Deities". In:
1401:
6968:
2986:
2616:
2129:
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7428:
6425:
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7372:
7223:
5773:
4220:
3598:
The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"
3448:(Dyéus) for 'heaven (Heaven)' In Anatolian the picture is a little different The reflex of
3087:
2799:
2364:
2240:
2165:
2030:
1823:
1750:
1608:
1502:
1004:
211:
7362:
7352:
3032:
was the chief god, while the etymological continuant of Dyēus became a very abstract god in
7535:
6359:
6178:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
5592:
3816:
3242:
2666:
2382:
2281:
2083:, "God") that came to be associated with a specific deity whose original name is now lost,
1705:
1686:
5490:
1887:
826:
299:
184:
116:
8:
7357:
7209:
7151:
Kretschmer, Paul (1923). "Dyaus, Ζεὺς, Diespiter und die Abstrakta im Indogermanischen".
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6148:
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Snorri Sturluson and the Edda: The Conversion of Cultural Capital in Medieval Scandinavia
4856:
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2608:
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1903:
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1406:
1041:
670:
523:
367:
141:
5596:
3820:
7367:
7244:
7197:
7189:
7160:
7139:
7122:
7087:
7066:
7037:
6855:
6707:
6606:
6480:
6451:
6203:. Leiden Studies in Indo-European (in German). Vol. 7. Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi.
6157:. Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion. Vol. 3 (Part 2). Cambridge University Press.
6130:
Romanian Folklore and its Archaic Heritage: A cultural and Linguistic Comparative Study
5608:
5582:
5555:
5547:
5512:
5462:
4421:
4413:
4201:
4038:
3975:
3044:
2529:
2135:
1651:
Other reflexes are variants that have retained both linguistic descendants of the stem
1627:
610:
428:
207:
89:
6783:
5765:
3934:
Gods of Ancient Greece: Identities and Transformations: Identities and Transformations
3128:(abandoning this word in the sense of "heaven" at the same time, keeping the word for
3064:
to the Christian religion in antiquity, the presumable Albanian term for Sky-Father –
1214:
7337:
7201:
7126:
6997:
6976:
6954:
6919:
6900:
6876:
6841:
6837:
From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic: A Linguistic History of English: Volume I
6817:
6793:
6769:
6761:
6747:
6726:
6665:
6644:
6616:
6592:
6568:
6547:
6523:
6502:
6496:
6455:
6441:
6410:
6391:
6367:
6334:
6313:
6289:
6265:
6244:
6182:
6158:
6134:
6113:
6092:
6068:
5902:
5734:
5724:
5612:
5559:
5425:
5347:
5327:
5303:
5277:
5068:
5037:
4982:
4887:
4860:
4787:
4551:
4508:
4484:
4425:
4205:
4086:
4050:
3938:
3787:
3602:
3201:
3004:
2992:
2963:
2661:: Dživica, Slavic equivalent of Diana, however, other etymologies have been proposed.
2658:
2543:
2348:
2042:
1783:
1711:
1365:
1347:
1313:
1295:
1285:
1253:
1233:
951:
535:
341:
319:
311:
195:
While its existence is not directly attested by archaeological or written materials,
6221:
4343:
3807:
Ionescu, Doina; Dumitrache, Cristiana (2012). "The Sun Worship with the Romanians".
3784:
Magical Hymns from Roman Egypt: A Study of Greek and Egyptian Traditions of Divinity
3066:
1972:, as a result of a religious reformation that degraded the status of prior deities,
7181:
7112:
7058:
7029:
6699:
6634:
6582:
6537:
6472:
6433:
6172:
6058:
5798:
5761:
5604:
5600:
5539:
5454:
5101:
4476:
4405:
4378:
4339:
4193:
4159:
4130:
3967:
3764:
3405:
3207:
2997:
2787:
2590:
2518:
2455:
2443:
2338:
2097:
1999:
1810:
1590:
1162:
1095:
786:
770:
759:
724:
388:
381:
374:
7423:
7387:
7235:
Seebold, Elmar (1991). "Der Himmel, der Tag und die Götter bei den Indogermanen".
7062:
6154:
Zeus: Zeus, God of the Dark Sky (earthquakes, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorites)
4505:
Acts of the IXth International Congress of Hittitology (Çorum, 1–7 September 2014)
3237:'(sky) light', the word was reinterpreted in Anatolian to name a sun god, such as
7499:
7489:
7464:
7449:
7413:
7408:
7330:
7227:
6991:
6948:
6944:
6934:
6894:
6859:
6835:
6811:
6787:
6741:
6720:
6680:
6659:
6638:
6610:
6586:
6562:
6541:
6517:
6385:
6349:
6328:
6307:
6303:
6283:
6259:
6238:
6208:
6196:
6176:
6152:
6128:
6107:
6086:
6062:
5419:
5297:
5058:
5031:
4881:
4854:
4781:
4382:
4076:
3932:
3596:
3247:
3238:
3145:
3117:
3033:
2916:
2770:
2731:
2650:
2632:
2560:
2216:
2202:
1938:
1793:
1777:
1731:
1692:
1675:
1483:
1459:
1201:
1191:
1115:
933:
752:
546:
414:
7256:
6740:
Marold, Edith (1992). "Die Skaldendichtung als Quelle der Religionsgeschichte".
6661:
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
3028:
seem to have been redistributed to other deities. In Greek and Roman mythology,
685:
7479:
6492:
6354:. Pubblicazione del R. Istituto orientale di Napoli. Napoli: Achille Cimmaruta.
5458:
4468:
3149:
3121:
3075:
2624:
2598:
2505:
2330:
1969:
1835:
1582:
1425:("Father Dyēus") were inherited in the following liturgic and poetic traditions
1223:
1081:
925:
883:
662:
464:
444:
403:
356:
279:
revolving around the concepts of "day", "sky" and "deity" and sharing the root
7172:
Laroche, E. (January 1967). "Les Noms anatoliens du 'dieu' et leurs dérivés".
7143:
7117:
7100:
6476:
4480:
7519:
7484:
7020:
Hopkins, Grace Sturtevant (1932). "Indo-European *Deiwos and Related Words".
6807:
6630:
5106:
5089:
3971:
3768:
3410:
3393:
3181:
2843:
2765:
2757:
2423:
1445:
965:
802:
782:
711:
While Hausos and the Divine Twins are generally considered the offsprings of
628:
456:
421:
121:
53:
6282:(2017). "Messapic". In Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (eds.).
5738:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4197:
1121:
798:
7320:
6890:
6831:
6234:
5483:
The Brittonic Language in the Old North: A Guide to the Place-name Evidence
5123:"Maldelės į jauną mėnulį rytų Lietuvos folklore: etnolingvistinis aspektas"
5122:
4396:
Weinstock, Stefan (November 1960). "Two Archaic Inscriptions from Latium".
4163:
3530:
DPEWA - Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen
3100:
3049:
2831:
2640:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2229:
1870:
1831:
1318:
982:
744:
578:
474:
398:
189:
73:
7078:
Cook, Arthur Bernard (1904). "Zeus, Jupiter, and the Oak. (Conclusion.)".
6437:
5752:
Fernandes, Luís da Silva; Carvalho, Pedro Sobral; Figueira, Nádia (2009).
3152:
3144:("demon"). The result of this demonization may be Pan-Slavic demons, e.g.
2870:
2516:
prayer ("The eye of the great God", in reference to the Sun), featured in
7382:
5718:
4235:
3716:
Green, Miranda J. (1990). "Pagan Celtic Religion: Archaeology and Myth".
3113:
3079:
2840:
2671:
2190:
2114:
1975:
1854:
1300:
1185:
1061:
945:
666:
7248:
7164:
7049:
Cook, Arthur Bernard (1905). "The European Sky-God. III: The Italians".
5758:
Palaeohispanica. Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua
5516:
3979:
2054:
1175:
7444:
7193:
7070:
6990:
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta Sofie; Schneider, Carolin (2008).
6484:
5802:
4734:"Two Bithynian Deities in the Old and New Phrygian Inscriptional Texts"
4565:
4563:
4526:"Current Archaeological and Epigraphic Research in the Region of Lydia"
4475:. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. p. 224.
4135:
4122:
2791:
2287:
1632:
1278:
518:
392:
223:
154:
7091:
7041:
6711:
5551:
5466:
4417:
2458:
river names throughout Western Europe, such as in the Scottish rivers
1328:
5293:
3061:
3009:
2494:
2485:
2431:
2376:
2250:
1746:
1532:
1269:
1017:
739:, the spouse of Zeus, the story leads ultimately to the birth of the
715:
alone, some scholars have proposed a spouse-goddess reconstructed as
700:
640:
615:
435:
284:
235:
231:
227:
219:
7185:
6690:
Mann, Stuart E. (1952). "The Indo-European Consonants in Albanian".
6201:
Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz
4733:
4666:
4560:
3177:
2764:(δῖος), "belonging to heaven, godlike", also "belonging to Zeus" in
2053:("Little God" or "Prince"), a name used to refer to the Thunder God
1780:
sun-god loan, but the original structure of the formula left intact,
7033:
6703:
6430:
The Indo-European Language Family : A Phylogenetic Perspective
6022:
5587:
5543:
4721:
4409:
4309:. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. 1933. p. 203.
2907:("who is like the gods, protected by the gods"), with contraction *
2809:
2467:
2356:
2293:
1933:
1642:
1375:
329:("divine") is also attested in Latin, Greek and Sanskrit. The noun
239:
175:. Associated with the vast diurnal sky and with the fertile rains,
153:(lit. "father daylight-sky-god"), is the reconstructed name of the
6870:
5324:
Myth, Ritual, and the Warrior in Roman and Indo-European Antiquity
4530:
Collection de l'Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité
4471:(2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In H. Craig Melchert (ed.).
3672:
3670:
3668:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
2058:
7392:
6588:
Encyclopedia of Norse and Germanic Folklore, Mythology, and Magic
5489:. Vol. 2: Guide to the Elements. p. 139. Archived from
3931:
Bremmer, Jan N. (2010). Bremmer, Jan N.; Erskine, Andrew (eds.).
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3185:
3095:
3053:
2819:
2394:
2320:
2299:
2153:
2102:
1955:
1815:
986:
903:
740:
649:
272:
6872:
Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics
6519:
Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics
6285:
Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics
6109:
Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics
6010:
5974:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
4121:
Chaniotis, Angelos; Stavrianopoulou, Eftychia (1 January 1997).
727:. A thematic echo occurs in the Vedic tradition as Indra's wife
7418:
6309:
Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages
5998:
5986:
5962:
5530:
Strang, Alastair (1997). "Explaining Ptolemy's Roman Britain".
3665:
3169:
3091:
3083:
3056:
is considered as a continuation of the ancient sky-god worship.
3036:, and his original prominence over other gods largely diluted.
2783:
2779:
2720:, a thematic suffix) are attested in the following traditions:
2654:
2408:
2091:
2020:
1910:
1141:
990:
958:, interpreted as pertaining to Zeus, and the possible genitive
916:
837:
778:
728:
658:
654:
635:
631:
583:
477:
460:
406:
330:
215:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4607:
3687:
3685:
3346:
2944:, another adjective with the same meaning, probably based on *
2285:("goddess"), a title assigned to various Roman goddesses like
2140:
1875:
1776:"Father Sun-god"; the name of the sky-god was replaced with a
6366:(in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
6215:[Roots and branches of Christianity among Albanians]
5375:
5033:
Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4432:
4223:[The town of Salamis. French excavations 1964-1974].
3629:. Regarding the meaning of "Pandia", Kerenyi (Kerenyi, Karl.
3554:
Máchal, Jan (1918). "Slavic Mythology". In L. H. Gray (ed.).
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3251:
2854:
2749:
2739:
2499:
2268:
2224:
2176:
1959:
1542:
888:
774:
732:
551:
506:
468:
6743:
Germanische Religionsgeschichte: Quellen und Quellenprobleme
5401:
5399:
5397:
4979:
The Routledge Dictionary Of Gods Goddesses Devils And Demons
4786:. Vol. 1. Institute for the Study of Man. p. 148.
4580:
4578:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4104:
4102:
3827:
3755:
Sick, David (2004). "Mit(h)ra(s) and the Myths of the Sun".
3536:
5916:
5914:
5867:
5356:
5176:
5174:
5161:
5159:
4959:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4812:
4800:
4260:
3986:
3682:
2274:
2161:
2157:
2124:; interpreted as a remnant of the sky and war functions of
1948:
1804:
1384:
970:
806:
766:
736:
511:
110:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5688:
5686:
5673:
5671:
4748:
4350:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3718:
Transactions of the Honourable Society of the Cymmrodorion
3566:
3564:
3298:
2079:), a word for "god" that probably also served as a title (
6034:
5901:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2007. pp. 71–73.
5845:
5843:
5841:
5751:
5394:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5010:
5008:
5006:
4691:'the one with the thunder stone' , and possibly Albanian
4575:
4444:
4277:
4275:
4099:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3124:
religious reformation, demonized the Slavic successor of
3071:
2417:
2398:
1894:(the sky-god), are attested in the following traditions:
1417:
Ritual and formulaic expressions stemming from the form *
196:
176:
169:
162:
146:
133:
6989:
6543:
Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon
5911:
5698:
5644:
5641:. Edinburgh; London: Oliver and Boyd. 1928. pp. 316–317.
5274:
Reviving Roman Religion: Sacred Trees in the Roman World
5171:
5156:
4829:
4698:
4646:
4254:
4150:
Yon, Marguerite (2009). "Le culte impérial à Salamine".
4120:
3899:
3851:
3200:
were introduced in non-Indo-European languages, such as
1946:
meaning "heavenly, divine, anything of excellence", and
1563:
1550:
1523:
1513:
1506:
1264:- "sign, omen", thus "the sign of the Sky/Thunder-god"),
1066:
1008:
781:
share a common association with marriage and fertility,
529:
438:
6261:
Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon
6240:
Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon
5879:
5809:
5683:
5668:
5191:
5189:
5036:. Central European University Press. pp. 280–281.
4287:
3887:
Dunkel, George E. (1988–1990). "Vater Himmels Gattin".
3863:
3839:
3724:
3561:
3444:, p. 168: "But in general we may say that MIE had
3418:
1834:, the sky-father (generally thought to be derived from
473:, "all brightness") may have been another name for the
6950:
How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics
5926:
5838:
5254:
5225:
5137:
5003:
4949:
4947:
4636:
4634:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4272:
3998:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3576:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3325:
1180:, Hittite personification of day; another deity named
504:). The term "Father Dyēus" was inherited in the Vedic
5950:
5716:
5213:
5201:
4221:"La ville de Salamine. Fouilles françaises 1964-1974"
3653:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
1916:), meaning "celestial, heavenly one", hence a "god",
310:. In classic Indo-European, associated with the late
7237:
Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics
7101:"The Family of Zeus in Early Greek Poetry and Myths"
6330:
Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic Myth and Legend
5938:
5855:
5826:
5656:
5619:
5186:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3136:
is considered to have originated two continuations:
2438:("Water of the Divinity"), evolving into Mod. Welsh
1865:
5723:. Gdańsk: Słowo/obraz terytoria. pp. 461–462.
4991:
4944:
4631:
4590:
4179:"Lieux de culte à Salamine à l'époque des royaumes"
3736:
3697:
3636:
3558:. III, Celtic and Slavic Mythology. Boston. p. 267.
2885:), meaning "wealthy, rich", probably derived from *
6685:. Vol. II, N–Z. Longmans, Green and Co., LTD.
5346:. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 2002. pp. 140-142.
4619:
4123:"Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 1993-1994"
3921:. Cambridge at the University Press. 1956. p. 125.
3459:
3430:
3269:
3191:
653:, "the land of Hatti's torch" (the Sun-goddess of
7286:
7212:(Fall 2021). "Father Sky and the Wide-Eyed Cow".
5778:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
4550:. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi B. V. 1994. p. 351.
3806:
3496:
2703:
2386:
2303:("Goddess of the Daylight" or "Bright Goddess").
1396:
128:has been translated as "father daylight-sky-god".
79:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
7517:
6432:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–245.
6213:"Rrënjë dhe degë të krishterimit ndër shqiptarë"
5754:"Divindades indígenas numa ara inédita de Viseu"
4074:
3164:According to some researchers, at least some of
2426:, springs, and rivers whose name means "Divine",
843:(a "day") are among the most widely attested in
6423:
4780:Hamp, Eric P. (1997). Adams, Douglas Q. (ed.).
4613:
4081:. H. Milford, Oxford University Press. p.
3625:. New York: D. Appleton–Century Company. 1907.
3060:After the first access of the ancestors of the
1851:, "lord of the house", has also been proposed),
1641:as Δειπάτυροϛ (Deipáturos), a god worshiped in
914:, "heaven", mentioned in a single verse of the
723:, with a possible descendant in Zeus's consort
29:Father Sky-god in Proto-Indo-European mythology
6936:Arhiv za Arbanasku starinu, jezik i etnologiju
6858:(1978). "Dyv Divть in Slovo o Рolkи Іhorevi".
5899:Roman Religion and the Cult of Diana at Aricia
5299:Dictionnaire Historique de la langue française
4859:. University of California Press. p. 34.
4317:
4315:
2148:survived as a poetic word for 'the gods', and
1845:
1838:
534:), even in the form of "dad" or "papa" in the
350:
344:
7272:
7138:. Princeton University Press. pp. 3–20.
6658:Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006).
6326:
4047:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project
3542:
3184:– earthly fire, Svarog – heaven, lightning).
2778:), a goddess venerated in classical times at
2260:
2254:
336:("day"), interpreted as a back-formation of *
7133:
6975:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
6664:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
6657:
6629:
5509:Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium
5326:. Cambridge University Press. 2013. p. 197.
4965:
4934:
4886:. University of Toronto Press. p. 157.
4823:
4806:
4672:
3992:
3691:
3676:
3379:
3319:
2223:, a deity reconstructed from the associated
1844:, "heavenly father"; although the etymology
306:("celestial"), the common word for "god" in
6939:. Vol. I. R. Trofenik. pp. 27–33.
6760:
6698:(1). Linguistic Society of America: 31–40.
6387:The origins of the Slavs: a linguist's view
5424:. Cambridge University Press. p. 441.
4569:
4507:. Vol. II. Çorum: 2019. pp. 1048 and 1050.
4312:
3886:
2972:), goddess of the moon and the countryside.
2901:
2894:
2708:Other cognates deriving from the adjective
2272:
496:The most constant epithet associated with *
447:
291:'heavenly, shining, radiant', suggest that
192:, in a relationship of union and contrast.
7279:
7265:
7150:
6864:. Vol. 1. University of Ottawa Press.
6536:
6424:Hyllested, Adam; Joseph, Brian D. (2022).
5792:
5444:
5120:
5060:Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions
4455:
4438:
7116:
6996:(in German). Universitaetsverlag Winter.
6913:
6854:
6782:
6682:An Historical Albanian-English Dictionary
6581:
6564:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic
6404:
6358:
6278:
6171:
6040:
6028:
6016:
6004:
5992:
5980:
5968:
5650:
5586:
5405:
5388:
5369:
5219:
5105:
5087:
4840:
4767:
4683:'strike' These would then be related to
4584:
4395:
4134:
3781:
3409:
6491:
6126:
5920:
5704:
5445:Wainwright, F. T. (1950). "Cledemutha".
5094:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore
4176:
3594:
3043:
3039:
2279:, common name for a "god, a deity"; and
1869:
1400:
948:of an otherwise scarcely attested name,
797:
613:deities and the Proto-Indo-European god
402:, goddess of the day and counterpart to
115:
7234:
7171:
7019:
6943:
6932:
6789:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
6605:
6560:
6462:
6302:
6257:
6233:
6207:
6195:
6057:
5932:
5885:
5873:
5692:
5506:
5260:
5248:
5150:
5090:"The Moon in Lithuanian Folk Tradition"
5056:
5014:
4918:
4914:
4906:
4731:
4704:
4356:
4321:
4281:
4266:
4017:
3957:
3930:
3905:
3857:
3659:
3582:
3424:
3168:s traits could have been taken over by
3090:the peak of the highest mountains like
3048:The cult practiced by the Albanians on
2728:, meaning "divine, heavenly, godlike",
832:("celestial", a "god"), the derivative
813:Cognates deriving either from the stem
743:(who may be seen as reminiscent of the
14:
7518:
6918:(in Polish). Krakow: Wydawnictwo WAM.
6868:
6739:
6498:Selected Writings: Slavic epic studies
6105:
6081:
5849:
5677:
5529:
5207:
5029:
4922:
4879:
4852:
4467:
4368:
4307:Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin
4255:Wodtko, Irslinger & Schneider 2008
4108:
3391:
3107:
2144:, associated with justice; the plural
1807:, All-Father" or "Odin Father of All",
817:("daylight, bright sky"), the epithet
751:). Another reflex may be found in the
7260:
7208:
6889:
6830:
6640:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
6380:
6347:
5832:
5820:
5662:
5479:
5195:
5025:
5023:
4953:
4640:
4186:Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes
4152:Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
3715:
3098:has been associated with the sky-god
1728:), "father Zeus", the god of the Sky,
1322:, a sky and lightning god; the root *
900:(द्यु), the common word for "heaven",
7098:
7077:
7048:
6967:
6806:
6718:
6689:
6678:
6147:
5956:
5944:
5861:
5625:
5572:
5417:
5180:
5165:
4938:
4910:
4779:
4652:
4625:
4601:
4523:
4293:
3874:
3845:
3833:
3754:
3742:
3730:
3703:
3647:
3570:
3521:
3509:
3490:
3441:
3340:
3292:
480:, her name still preserves the root
31:
6766:Etymological Dictionary of Armenian
6515:
5720:Dziady : teatr święta zmarłych
5302:(in French). Nathan. p. 1079.
5292:
4997:
4218:
4149:
2359:, possibly from the 3rd century BC.
1240:(Տիւ), "day, daytime, morning" and
24:
7012:
6993:Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon
6875:. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter.
6522:. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter.
6288:. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter.
6112:. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter.
5020:
4023:
3917:Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John.
3911:
2375:, the "good god", old name of the
2355:, attested in an inscription from
836:("divine"), or the back-formation
488:-, meaning "to shine, be bright".
69:for transliterated languages, and
49:of its non-English content, using
25:
7552:
5766:10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i9.217
4075:De Witt Griswold, Hervey (1923).
3782:Bortolani, Ljuba Merlina (2016).
3595:Hard, Robin; Rose, H. J. (2004).
2982:Other cognates are less secured:
2556:Other cognates are less secured:
1952:, female title meaning "goddess";
1765:Other variants are less secured:
1276:meaning "heaven" or "God", as in
7215:Journal of Indo-European Studies
6896:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
6813:Albanian Etymological Dictionary
6746:(in German). Walter de Gruyter.
6725:. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
6612:A Gothic Etymological Dictionary
6351:Grammatica della lingua albanese
6088:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
5891:
5786:
5745:
5710:
5631:
5566:
5523:
5500:
5473:
5438:
5411:
5336:
5316:
5286:
3623:The Mythology of Greece and Rome
2647:("wild") has also been proposed,
2512:("god"), attested in the modern
2454:("goddess") likewise appears in
1982:meaning "false deities, demons",
1169:(𒅆𒍑), a "god" or the Sun-God;
669:, and the sun as "God's eye" in
36:
7099:Duev, Ratko (29 October 2020).
6050:
5266:
5114:
5081:
5050:
4971:
4928:
4900:
4873:
4846:
4773:
4725:
4710:
4540:
4517:
4497:
4461:
4389:
4362:
4344:10.3989/emerita.1999.v67.i1.185
4299:
4212:
4170:
4143:
4114:
4068:
3951:
3924:
3880:
3800:
3775:
3748:
3709:
3615:
3588:
3548:
3515:
3227:
3192:In non-Indo-European traditions
2927:may be due to association with
2919:, "the occurrence of the deity
2865:, "divine, heavenly, godlike",
2786:, and possibly identified with
1761:, "Great Father the Good God").
1332:"Heaven", "God" (with a suffix
1248:"two days"); and possibly also
6722:An Albanian Historical Grammar
6067:. Princeton University Press.
5717:Kolankiewicz, Leszek. (1999).
5605:10.1179/1752270613Y.0000000085
4981:. Routledge. 2004. pp. 49-50.
4548:Anatolian Historical Phonology
3937:. Edinburgh University Press.
3786:. Cambridge University Press.
3385:
1830:, "lord" or "God", epithet of
850:
85:multilingual support templates
13:
1:
7288:Proto-Indo-European mythology
7063:10.1080/0015587X.1905.9719965
6973:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
5447:The English Historical Review
3809:Romanian Astronomical Journal
3262:
3217:into these Uralic languages.
924:, "hell", as a result of the
622:Due to his celestial nature,
591:was a prominent deity in the
581:and the goddess of the Dawn (
340:, has descendant cognates in
159:Proto-Indo-European mythology
7174:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
6428:. In Olander, Thomas (ed.).
6409:. Peeters. pp. 95–108.
6327:Dixon-Kennedy, Mike (1998).
5057:Doniger, Wendy, ed. (2006).
4783:Festschrift for Eric P. Hamp
4383:10.13109/hisp.2011.124.1.250
4043:Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon
3919:Documents in Mycenaean Greek
3522:Neri, Sergio (2021). "din".
3220:
2750:
2740:
981:), the god of the Sky; also
593:Proto-Indo-European pantheon
250:
124:-covered steppe in Ukraine.
7:
6953:. Oxford University Press.
6914:Szyjewski, Andrzej (2003).
6840:. Oxford University Press.
5121:Jasiūnaitė, Birutė (2006).
4925:, pp. 1746, 1757, 2254
4853:Chaney, William A. (1970).
4718:Historische Sprachforschung
4679:, an extension on the root
4614:Hyllested & Joseph 2022
4078:The Religion of the Rigveda
3158:The Tale of Igor's Campaign
3140:("strange, odd thing") and
1230:, the Sky- or Thunder-god,
793:
491:
271:- ("to shine, be bright").
10:
7557:
7470:Indo European Weapon Cults
3556:The Mythology of all Races
3233:Despite deriving from PIE
2893:via the intermediate form
2639:, "monster", although the
2623:, "giant, demonic being",
2418:
1968:), a term for "demons" in
863:-, 'to shine, be bright',
676:
469:
144:"daylight-sky-god"), also
108:
7437:
7401:
7294:
7118:10.12797/CC.20.2019.22.05
6477:10.1163/15685270252772777
6127:Chelariu, Ana R. (2023).
5088:Vaiškūnas, Jonas (2006).
4880:Wanner, Kevin J. (2008).
4572:, pp. 340, 612, 616.
4481:10.1163/9789047402145_007
4177:Fourrier, Sabine (2015).
3601:. Routledge. p. 46.
3396:[Following God].
3019:
2101:which gave the word for '
2025:, supreme god of the sky,
1065:, the god of oaths (from
7526:Proto-Indo-European gods
7460:Trifunctional hypothesis
6679:Mann, Stuart E. (1948).
6591:. Simon & Schuster.
5459:10.1093/ehr/LXV.CCLV.203
5344:The Foundations of Latin
5107:10.7592/FEJF2006.32.moon
5065:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4966:Mallory & Adams 1997
4935:Mallory & Adams 1997
4824:Mallory & Adams 1997
4807:Mallory & Adams 1997
4673:Mallory & Adams 1997
4546:Melchert, Harold Craig.
4398:Journal of Roman Studies
4219:Yon, Marguerite (1993).
3993:Mallory & Adams 1997
3972:10.1525/ca.2017.36.1.104
3836:, pp. 180–181, 191.
3769:10.1163/1568527042500140
3692:Mallory & Adams 2006
3677:Mallory & Adams 1997
3411:10.7592/MT2014.58.vainik
3380:Mallory & Adams 2006
3320:Mallory & Adams 2006
2371:, a "god, a deity", and
2128:by G. Kroonen, although
1882:Cognates stemming from *
1252:"rainbow" (according to
765:If the female goddesses
109:Not to be confused with
7455:Indo-European cosmogony
6719:Mann, Stuart E (1977).
5637:Carmichael, Alexander.
5480:James, Alan G. (2014).
4732:Witczak, K. T. (1992).
4524:Ricl, Marijana (2013).
4198:10.3406/cchyp.2015.1635
3213:("sky"), borrowed from
2826:, "devilish, diabolic",
2399:
2387:
2261:
2255:
1866:"Celestial" derivations
1565:
1552:
1525:
1515:
1508:
1340:, an extension of PIE *
1326:- may also be found in
1068:
1010:
896:the god of Heaven, and
845:Indo-European languages
839:
657:) in a Hittite prayer,
647:, "heaven's candle" in
569:
530:
439:
396:("Lady Midday"), Latin
332:
277:Indo-European languages
245:
204:Indo-European languages
198:
178:
171:
164:
148:
135:
6856:Rudnyckyj, Jaroslav B.
6561:Kroonen, Guus (2013).
6390:. Slavica Publishers.
6348:Feizi, Abidin (1929).
6258:Derksen, Rick (2015).
6181:(in French). Errance.
5768:(inactive 2024-09-12).
5030:Bojtár, Endre (1999).
4371:Historical Linguistics
4164:10.3406/cchyp.2009.929
3631:The Gods of the Greeks
3196:Various loanwords of *
3155:, or Div occurring in
3057:
2903:
2896:
2631:, "sorceress, witch",
2273:
2132:views it as unlikely,
2120:, and Old High German
1879:
1847:
1840:
1667:with the nursery word
1414:
1362:- (in personal names),
1056:), the god of the Sky;
928:religious reformation,
870:the daylight-sky god,
810:
448:
355:("break of the day"),
351:
345:
259:derives from the stem
182:was often paired with
129:
7495:War of the foundation
7105:Classica Cracoviensia
6762:Martirosyan, Hrach K.
6643:. London: Routledge.
6438:10.1017/9781108758666
6360:Gieysztor, Aleksander
3394:"Jumala jälgi ajamas"
3088:Albanian folk beliefs
3047:
3040:In Albanian tradition
2474:(Δηουανα; modern-day
2183:("powerful god"), or
2086:Late Proto-Germanic *
2057:, or to the Moon God
1873:
1790:, "Father of Heaven",
1404:
1144:of the Greek theonym
1092:), genitive singular,
801:
684:is often paired with
443:("nine-day period"),
434:(տիւ, "bright day"),
119:
7531:Sky and weather gods
7210:Olsen, Birgit Anette
7080:The Classical Review
6149:Cook, Arthur Bernard
6083:Beekes, Robert S. P.
4917:, pp. 431–432;
4305:Buck, Carl Darling.
4269:, pp. 173, 315.
3392:Vainik, Ene (2014).
3070:– has been used for
2704:"Divine" derivations
2675:, an unknown deity.
2247:, a "god, a deity",
1745:, "Great Father the
1397:"Sky-Father" epithet
1184:is mentioned in the
1140:), interpreted as a
825:("Father Sky"), the
735:with the phantom of
694:) and Mother Earth (
661:as the eye of Zeus,
47:specify the language
45:This article should
7541:Reconstructed words
6607:Lehmann, Winfred P.
6133:. Springer Nature.
5876:, pp. 173–174.
5597:2014SurRv..46..231M
5418:Rhys, John (2016).
5391:, pp. 142–143.
5183:, p. 120 n. 1.
4441:, pp. 766–767.
4359:, pp. 214–216.
4296:, pp. 166–167.
4111:, pp. 498–499.
4039:Lubotsky, Alexander
3960:Classical Antiquity
3877:, pp. 192–193.
3848:, pp. 178–179.
3821:2012RoAJ...22..155I
3733:, pp. 171–175.
3679:, pp. 230–231.
3621:Fairbanks, Arthur.
3573:, pp. 167–168.
3382:, pp. 408–409.
3343:, pp. 166–171.
3108:In Slavic tradition
2575:Old Church Slavonic
2446:, Wales). The form
2309:: Deus, the god of
1456:, "O Father Sky"),
1382:and the place name
1282:, the "sky-father",
1114:), attested in the
320:Anatolian tradition
308:Proto-Indo-European
287:, such as Sanskrit
5797:. único: 249–273.
5511:. 18/19: 340–384.
5322:Woodard, Roger D.
4909:, pp. 31–33;
4659:and the second to
4136:10.4000/kernos.666
3543:Dixon-Kennedy 1998
3525:Wörterbuch – DPEWA
3215:Proto-Indo-Iranian
3058:
1880:
1415:
1218:, the Lydian Zeus.
1198:, "divine, a god",
811:
130:
7513:
7512:
7505:Ends of the Earth
7003:978-3-8253-5359-9
6982:978-0-19-928075-9
6906:978-0-85991-513-7
6847:978-0-19-928413-9
6823:978-90-04-11024-3
6808:Orel, Vladimir E.
6775:978-90-04-17337-8
6753:978-3-11-012872-7
6671:978-0-19-929668-2
6650:978-1-884964-98-5
6635:Adams, Douglas Q.
6631:Mallory, James P.
6622:978-90-04-08176-5
6598:978-1-62055-481-4
6583:Lecouteux, Claude
6538:Kloekhorst, Alwin
6397:978-0-89357-224-2
6364:Mitologia Słowian
6340:978-1-57607-063-5
6295:978-3-11-054243-1
6271:978-90-04-27898-1
6229:. Shkodër: 58–78.
6173:Delamarre, Xavier
6140:978-3-031-04051-1
6098:978-90-04-32186-1
6059:Anthony, David W.
6031:, p. 99-100.
5907:978-0-521-85158-9
5823:, pp. 62–63.
5431:978-1-108-07909-9
5372:, pp. 96–97.
5332:978-1-107-02240-9
5309:978-2-321-00013-6
5282:978-1-107-15354-7
5129:(in Lithuanian).
5074:978-1-59339-266-6
5043:978-963-9116-42-9
4987:978-04-15340-18-2
4977:Lurker, Manfred.
4893:978-0-8020-9801-6
4866:978-0-520-01401-5
4793:978-0-941694-62-9
4770:, pp. 96–97.
4720:117(2): 229-237.
4707:, pp. 31–33.
4513:978-975-17-4338-1
4257:, pp. 70–71.
4051:Leiden University
3944:978-0-7486-4289-2
3908:, pp. 72–74.
3860:, pp. 80–81.
3793:978-1-316-67327-0
3608:978-0-415-18636-0
3427:, pp. 78–79.
3180:– heavenly fire,
3013:"fairy, goddess".
3001:"nymph, goddess".
2955:
2881:
2847:
2804:diuiHa- / diuiia-
2171:("victory-god"),
2164:, such as in the
2049:, and the Baltic
1888:vṛddhi-derivation
1874:The Germanic god
1861:, 'sun, sun-god'.
1618:
1600:
1522:
1493:
1469:
1448:
1244:, "day" (only in
1052:
977:
952:Cypriot Syllabary
920:; Young Avestan:
827:vṛddhi-derivative
671:Romanian folklore
605:Although several
324:suffix-derivative
312:Khvalynsk culture
300:vṛddhi-derivative
208:Vedic Indo-Aryans
206:and myths of the
120:The sky over the
107:
106:
87:may also be used.
16:(Redirected from
7548:
7304:
7281:
7274:
7267:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7231:
7205:
7168:
7159:(1/2): 101–114.
7147:
7130:
7120:
7095:
7074:
7045:
7007:
6986:
6964:
6945:Watkins, Calvert
6940:
6929:
6910:
6886:
6865:
6861:Studia Ucrainica
6851:
6827:
6803:
6784:Matasović, Ranko
6779:
6757:
6736:
6715:
6686:
6675:
6654:
6626:
6602:
6578:
6557:
6533:
6512:
6488:
6459:
6420:
6401:
6377:
6355:
6344:
6323:
6304:de Vaan, Michiel
6299:
6280:De Simone, Carlo
6275:
6254:
6230:
6218:
6209:Demiraj, Bardhyl
6204:
6197:Demiraj, Bardhyl
6192:
6168:
6144:
6123:
6102:
6078:
6044:
6038:
6032:
6026:
6020:
6014:
6008:
6002:
5996:
5990:
5984:
5978:
5972:
5966:
5960:
5954:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5930:
5924:
5918:
5909:
5897:Green, C. M. C.
5895:
5889:
5883:
5877:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5807:
5806:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5777:
5769:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5696:
5690:
5681:
5675:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5635:
5629:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5590:
5581:(337): 231–244.
5570:
5564:
5563:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5488:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5453:(255): 203–212.
5442:
5436:
5435:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5392:
5386:
5373:
5367:
5354:
5342:Baldi, Phillip.
5340:
5334:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5290:
5284:
5270:
5264:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5184:
5178:
5169:
5163:
5154:
5148:
5135:
5134:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5027:
5018:
5012:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4942:
4932:
4926:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4850:
4844:
4838:
4827:
4821:
4810:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4746:
4745:
4738:Folia Orientalia
4729:
4723:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4670:
4664:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4588:
4582:
4573:
4570:Martirosyan 2010
4567:
4558:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4521:
4515:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4404:(1–2): 112–118.
4393:
4387:
4386:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4319:
4310:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4233:
4232:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4183:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4072:
4066:
4036:
4021:
4015:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3928:
3922:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3680:
3674:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3634:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3559:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3494:
3488:
3457:
3439:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3344:
3338:
3323:
3317:
3296:
3290:
3256:
3231:
2953:
2906:
2899:
2879:
2839:
2753:
2743:
2519:Carmina Gadelica
2502:-god of wisdom,
2421:
2420:
2402:
2390:
2278:
2264:
2258:
2009:Old Lithuanian:
1850:
1843:
1671:("dad, daddy"):
1616:
1598:
1568:
1555:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1511:
1491:
1467:
1444:
1179:
1071:
1050:
1013:
975:
842:
696:*Dʰéǵʰōm Méh₂tēr
533:
472:
471:
451:
442:
366:("day by day"),
354:
348:
335:
255:The divine name
201:
181:
174:
167:
155:daylight-sky god
151:
138:
102:
99:
93:
78:
72:
68:
62:
58:
52:
40:
39:
32:
21:
7556:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7509:
7500:King and virgin
7490:Binding of evil
7465:Threefold death
7450:Horse sacrifice
7433:
7397:
7298:
7290:
7285:
7255:
7186:10.2307/1359369
7015:
7013:Further reading
7010:
7004:
6983:
6969:West, Martin L.
6961:
6926:
6916:Religia Słowian
6907:
6899:. D.S. Brewer.
6883:
6848:
6824:
6800:
6776:
6754:
6733:
6672:
6651:
6623:
6599:
6575:
6554:
6530:
6509:
6493:Jakobson, Roman
6448:
6417:
6398:
6382:Gołąb, Zbigniew
6374:
6341:
6320:
6296:
6272:
6251:
6225:(in Albanian).
6216:
6189:
6165:
6141:
6120:
6099:
6075:
6053:
6048:
6047:
6039:
6035:
6027:
6023:
6015:
6011:
6003:
5999:
5991:
5987:
5979:
5975:
5967:
5963:
5959:, p. 1171.
5955:
5951:
5943:
5939:
5931:
5927:
5919:
5912:
5896:
5892:
5884:
5880:
5872:
5868:
5860:
5856:
5848:
5839:
5831:
5827:
5819:
5810:
5791:
5787:
5771:
5770:
5750:
5746:
5731:
5715:
5711:
5703:
5699:
5691:
5684:
5680:, p. 1577.
5676:
5669:
5661:
5657:
5649:
5645:
5636:
5632:
5624:
5620:
5571:
5567:
5528:
5524:
5505:
5501:
5493:
5486:
5478:
5474:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5421:Celtic Folklore
5416:
5412:
5404:
5395:
5387:
5376:
5368:
5357:
5341:
5337:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5291:
5287:
5271:
5267:
5259:
5255:
5247:
5226:
5218:
5214:
5206:
5202:
5194:
5187:
5179:
5172:
5164:
5157:
5149:
5138:
5119:
5115:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5067:. p. 711.
5055:
5051:
5044:
5028:
5021:
5013:
5004:
5000:, p. 1980.
4996:
4992:
4976:
4972:
4964:
4960:
4952:
4945:
4937:, p. 348;
4933:
4929:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4851:
4847:
4839:
4830:
4822:
4813:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4778:
4774:
4766:
4749:
4730:
4726:
4715:
4711:
4703:
4699:
4688:
4671:
4667:
4651:
4647:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4612:
4608:
4600:
4591:
4587:, p. 1843.
4583:
4576:
4568:
4561:
4545:
4541:
4522:
4518:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4469:Hutter, Manfred
4466:
4462:
4456:Kloekhorst 2008
4454:
4445:
4439:Kloekhorst 2008
4437:
4433:
4394:
4390:
4367:
4363:
4355:
4351:
4320:
4313:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4261:
4253:
4236:
4217:
4213:
4181:
4175:
4171:
4148:
4144:
4129:(10): 249–314.
4119:
4115:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4073:
4069:
4037:
4024:
4016:
3999:
3991:
3987:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3929:
3925:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3885:
3881:
3873:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3780:
3776:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3714:
3710:
3702:
3698:
3690:
3683:
3675:
3666:
3658:
3654:
3646:
3637:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3593:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3562:
3553:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3497:
3489:
3460:
3440:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3347:
3339:
3326:
3318:
3299:
3291:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3194:
3118:Iranian peoples
3110:
3042:
3034:Vedic mythology
3022:
2968:(from an older
2915:. According to
2732:Mycenaean Greek
2706:
2605:, "miracle(s)",
2492:, a "god", and
2422:/), a deity of
2265:), the "gods",
2203:Old High German
2105:' in Old Norse
1964:(𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀,
1868:
1841:dźie̅u ̊ a(t)t-
1820:, "Father God",
1708:", the Sun-god,
1689:", the Sun-god,
1664:
1453:
1440:
1422:
1399:
1173:
1116:Iguvine Tablets
934:Mycenaean Greek
853:
822:
809:, c 360–340 BC.
803:Laurel-wreathed
796:
753:Mycenaean Greek
679:
572:
563:
494:
470:Πανδία, Πανδεία
253:
248:
114:
103:
97:
94:
88:
76:
70:
66:
64:transliteration
60:
56:
50:
41:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7554:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7480:Death of a son
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7313:
7307:
7305:
7292:
7291:
7284:
7283:
7276:
7269:
7261:
7254:
7253:
7232:
7222:(3): 389–415.
7206:
7180:(1): 174–177.
7169:
7148:
7144:j.ctt13x190c.5
7131:
7096:
7086:(7): 360–375.
7075:
7057:(3): 260–332.
7046:
7034:10.2307/522076
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7002:
6987:
6981:
6965:
6960:978-0198024712
6959:
6941:
6930:
6924:
6911:
6905:
6887:
6882:978-3110540369
6881:
6866:
6852:
6846:
6828:
6822:
6804:
6798:
6780:
6774:
6758:
6752:
6737:
6731:
6716:
6704:10.2307/409988
6687:
6676:
6670:
6655:
6649:
6627:
6621:
6603:
6597:
6579:
6573:
6558:
6552:
6534:
6529:978-3110540369
6528:
6513:
6507:
6489:
6460:
6446:
6421:
6416:978-9042917811
6415:
6402:
6396:
6378:
6372:
6356:
6345:
6339:
6324:
6318:
6300:
6294:
6276:
6270:
6255:
6249:
6231:
6222:Hylli i Dritës
6205:
6193:
6187:
6169:
6163:
6145:
6139:
6124:
6119:978-3110540369
6118:
6103:
6097:
6079:
6073:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6043:, p. 143.
6041:Delamarre 2003
6033:
6029:Szyjewski 2003
6021:
6019:, p. 175.
6017:Gieysztor 2006
6009:
6005:Szyjewski 2003
5997:
5993:Gieysztor 2006
5985:
5983:, p. 171.
5981:Szyjewski 2003
5973:
5969:Gieysztor 2006
5961:
5949:
5947:, p. 583.
5937:
5925:
5923:, p. 359.
5910:
5890:
5888:, p. 168.
5878:
5866:
5864:, p. 192.
5854:
5852:, p. 338.
5837:
5825:
5808:
5785:
5760:(9): 143–155.
5744:
5729:
5709:
5707:, p. 228.
5697:
5695:, p. 108.
5682:
5667:
5655:
5651:Rudnyckyj 1978
5643:
5630:
5628:, p. 216.
5618:
5565:
5544:10.2307/526763
5522:
5499:
5496:on 2014-09-11.
5472:
5437:
5430:
5410:
5408:, p. 142.
5406:Delamarre 2003
5393:
5389:Delamarre 2003
5374:
5370:Matasović 2009
5355:
5335:
5315:
5308:
5285:
5265:
5263:, p. 352.
5253:
5251:, p. 167.
5224:
5220:Lecouteux 2016
5212:
5210:, p. 714.
5200:
5198:, p. 337.
5185:
5170:
5155:
5153:, p. 519.
5136:
5113:
5080:
5073:
5049:
5042:
5019:
5017:, p. 128.
5002:
4990:
4970:
4968:, p. 536.
4958:
4943:
4927:
4921:, p. 70;
4913:, p. 72;
4899:
4892:
4872:
4865:
4845:
4843:, p. 134.
4841:Delamarre 2003
4828:
4826:, p. 231.
4811:
4809:, p. 130.
4799:
4792:
4772:
4768:Hackstein 2006
4747:
4724:
4709:
4697:
4686:
4665:
4645:
4630:
4618:
4616:, p. 232.
4606:
4604:, p. 166.
4589:
4585:De Simone 2017
4574:
4559:
4539:
4516:
4496:
4489:
4460:
4458:, p. 763.
4443:
4431:
4410:10.2307/298293
4388:
4377:(1): 250–267.
4361:
4349:
4311:
4298:
4286:
4284:, p. 173.
4271:
4259:
4234:
4211:
4192:(1): 211–223.
4169:
4158:(1): 289–308.
4142:
4113:
4098:
4092:978-8120807457
4091:
4067:
4022:
4020:, p. 315.
3997:
3995:, p. 124.
3985:
3966:(1): 104–129.
3950:
3943:
3923:
3910:
3898:
3879:
3862:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3815:(2): 155–166.
3799:
3792:
3774:
3763:(4): 432–467.
3747:
3745:, p. 195.
3735:
3723:
3708:
3706:, p. 169.
3696:
3694:, p. 432.
3681:
3664:
3652:
3650:, p. 171.
3635:
3614:
3607:
3587:
3585:, p. 170.
3575:
3560:
3547:
3545:, p. 227.
3535:
3514:
3495:
3493:, p. 120.
3458:
3429:
3417:
3384:
3345:
3324:
3322:, p. 431.
3297:
3295:, p. 167.
3267:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3193:
3190:
3112:At one point,
3109:
3106:
3041:
3038:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3002:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2923:together with
2829:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2648:
2606:
2599:Serbo-Croatian
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2514:Sùil Dhé mhóir
2483:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2412:(/deuona/) or
2392:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2346:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2214:
2188:
2109:, Old English
2066:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2028:
2027:
2026:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1970:Zoroastrianism
1953:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1852:
1836:Proto-Albanian
1821:
1808:
1791:
1781:
1763:
1762:
1729:
1709:
1690:
1662:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:, द्यौष्पितृ),
1471:
1451:
1443:'Father Sky' (
1438:
1420:
1405:The Roman god
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1373:
1363:
1345:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:, the sky-god,
1286:Proto-Messapic
1283:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1224:Proto-Armenian
1221:
1220:
1219:
1199:
1189:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1119:
1093:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1057:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
931:
930:
929:
901:
852:
849:
820:
795:
792:
678:
675:
665:as the eye of
663:Hvare-khshaeta
571:
568:
561:
558:. The epithet
493:
490:
420:("Sun, day"),
357:Vedic Sanskrit
252:
249:
247:
244:
105:
104:
83:. Knowledge's
44:
42:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7553:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7485:Cycle of Mead
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7363:H₂epom Nepōts
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7302:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7282:
7277:
7275:
7270:
7268:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7102:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7018:
7017:
7005:
6999:
6995:
6994:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6937:
6931:
6927:
6925:83-7318-205-5
6921:
6917:
6912:
6908:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6891:Simek, Rudolf
6888:
6884:
6878:
6874:
6873:
6867:
6863:
6862:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6832:Ringe, Donald
6829:
6825:
6819:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6799:9789004173361
6795:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6749:
6745:
6744:
6738:
6734:
6732:9783871182624
6728:
6724:
6723:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6677:
6673:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6656:
6652:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6594:
6590:
6589:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6574:9789004183407
6570:
6566:
6565:
6559:
6555:
6553:9789004160927
6549:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6535:
6531:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6514:
6510:
6508:9789027931788
6504:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6471:(1): 61–102.
6470:
6466:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6447:9781108758666
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6422:
6418:
6412:
6408:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6389:
6388:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6373:83-235-0234-X
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6352:
6346:
6342:
6336:
6332:
6331:
6325:
6321:
6319:9789004167971
6315:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6256:
6252:
6250:9789004155046
6246:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6235:Derksen, Rick
6232:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6188:9782877723695
6184:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6164:9781108021234
6160:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6132:
6131:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6104:
6100:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6074:9781400831104
6070:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6042:
6037:
6030:
6025:
6018:
6013:
6007:, p. 95.
6006:
6001:
5995:, p. 72.
5994:
5989:
5982:
5977:
5971:, p. 74.
5970:
5965:
5958:
5953:
5946:
5941:
5935:, p. 70.
5934:
5929:
5922:
5921:Chelariu 2023
5917:
5915:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5887:
5882:
5875:
5870:
5863:
5858:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5835:, p. 76.
5834:
5829:
5822:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5789:
5781:
5775:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5748:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5730:83-87316-39-3
5726:
5722:
5721:
5713:
5706:
5705:Jakobson 1962
5701:
5694:
5689:
5687:
5679:
5674:
5672:
5665:, p. 52.
5664:
5659:
5653:, p. 79.
5652:
5647:
5640:
5634:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5575:Survey Review
5569:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5503:
5492:
5485:
5484:
5476:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5433:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5414:
5407:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5390:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5371:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5353:
5352:3-11-016294-6
5349:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5311:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5272:Hunt, Ailsa.
5269:
5262:
5257:
5250:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5221:
5216:
5209:
5204:
5197:
5192:
5190:
5182:
5177:
5175:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5152:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5076:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5053:
5045:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5026:
5024:
5016:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4967:
4962:
4956:, p. 14.
4955:
4950:
4948:
4941:, p. 526
4940:
4936:
4931:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4895:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4849:
4842:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4808:
4803:
4795:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4776:
4769:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4706:
4701:
4694:
4690:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4669:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4643:, p. 82.
4642:
4637:
4635:
4628:, p. 32.
4627:
4622:
4615:
4610:
4603:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4557:
4556:90-5183-697-X
4553:
4549:
4543:
4536:(2): 189–195.
4535:
4531:
4527:
4520:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4492:
4490:90-04-13009-8
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4457:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4440:
4435:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4353:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4316:
4308:
4302:
4295:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4268:
4263:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4231:(1): 139–158.
4230:
4227:(in French).
4226:
4222:
4215:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4094:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3994:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3927:
3920:
3914:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3795:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3727:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3662:, p. 71.
3661:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3584:
3579:
3572:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3551:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3512:, p. 66.
3511:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:, "heavenly",
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:Aberdeenshire
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2424:sacred waters
2415:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:("army-god"),
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:("god of the
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1848:w(i)tš- pati-
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1774:attas Isanus,
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1755:*sindos dago-
1752:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1466:(Ζεῦς πατήρ;
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1344:"to strike"),
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1260:attached to *
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:*diéu-, *diu-
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:Boeotian Lac.
980:
973:
972:
967:
964:
963:
961:
957:
953:
950:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
932:
927:
923:
919:
918:
913:
909:
905:
902:
899:
895:
891:
890:
885:
882:
881:
879:
875:
872:
871:
869:
865:
864:
862:
858:
855:
854:
848:
846:
841:
835:
831:
828:
824:
816:
808:
804:
800:
791:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
702:
697:
693:
689:
688:
683:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:
646:
642:
637:
633:
630:
625:
620:
618:
617:
612:
608:
604:
603:*Dyēus' rain.
600:
596:
594:
590:
586:
585:
580:
576:
567:
565:
557:
554:
553:
548:
544:
540:
537:
532:
527:
526:
521:
520:
515:
514:
509:
508:
503:
500:is "father" (
499:
489:
487:
483:
479:
476:
466:
462:
458:
457:Greek goddess
453:
450:
446:
441:
437:
433:
430:
426:
423:
422:Ancient Greek
419:
416:
412:
408:
405:
401:
400:
395:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
376:
372:
369:
365:
361:
358:
353:
347:
343:
339:
334:
328:
325:
321:
317:
314:(3900–3500),
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
193:
191:
187:
186:
180:
173:
166:
160:
156:
152:
150:
143:
139:
137:
127:
126:*Dyḗus ph₂tḗr
123:
122:feather grass
118:
112:
101:
91:
86:
82:
75:
65:
55:
48:
43:
34:
33:
27:
19:
7326:Mitra-Varuna
7321:Divine twins
7316:Trifunctions
7310:
7243:(1): 29–45.
7240:
7236:
7219:
7213:
7177:
7173:
7156:
7152:
7135:
7108:
7104:
7083:
7079:
7054:
7050:
7025:
7021:
6992:
6972:
6949:
6935:
6915:
6895:
6871:
6860:
6836:
6812:
6788:
6765:
6742:
6721:
6695:
6691:
6681:
6660:
6639:
6611:
6587:
6563:
6542:
6518:
6497:
6468:
6464:
6429:
6406:
6386:
6363:
6350:
6333:. ABC-CLIO.
6329:
6308:
6284:
6260:
6239:
6226:
6220:
6200:
6177:
6153:
6129:
6108:
6087:
6063:
6051:Bibliography
6036:
6024:
6012:
6000:
5988:
5976:
5964:
5952:
5940:
5933:Demiraj 2011
5928:
5898:
5893:
5886:de Vaan 2008
5881:
5874:de Vaan 2008
5869:
5857:
5828:
5794:
5788:
5774:cite journal
5757:
5747:
5719:
5712:
5700:
5693:Derksen 2008
5658:
5646:
5638:
5633:
5621:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5508:
5502:
5491:the original
5482:
5475:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5420:
5413:
5343:
5338:
5323:
5318:
5298:
5288:
5273:
5268:
5261:Lehmann 1986
5256:
5249:de Vaan 2008
5215:
5203:
5151:Kroonen 2013
5130:
5126:
5116:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5059:
5052:
5032:
5015:Derksen 2015
4993:
4978:
4973:
4961:
4930:
4919:Demiraj 2011
4915:Demiraj 1997
4907:Treimer 1971
4902:
4882:
4875:
4855:
4848:
4802:
4782:
4775:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4717:
4712:
4705:Treimer 1971
4700:
4692:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4621:
4609:
4547:
4542:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4504:
4499:
4472:
4463:
4434:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4357:Watkins 1995
4352:
4338:(1): 65–73.
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4306:
4301:
4289:
4282:de Vaan 2008
4267:de Vaan 2008
4262:
4228:
4225:MOM Éditions
4224:
4214:
4189:
4185:
4172:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4126:
4116:
4077:
4070:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4046:
4018:de Vaan 2008
3988:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3933:
3926:
3918:
3913:
3906:Jackson 2002
3901:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3858:Jackson 2002
3853:
3841:
3829:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3783:
3777:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3717:
3711:
3699:
3660:Jackson 2002
3655:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3597:
3590:
3583:de Vaan 2008
3578:
3555:
3550:
3538:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3425:Anthony 2007
3420:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3250:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3165:
3163:
3156:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3116:, like some
3111:
3099:
3065:
3059:
3050:Mount Tomorr
3029:
3025:
3023:
3008:
2996:
2987:Paleo-Balkan
2981:
2969:
2964:
2956:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2869:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2835:
2832:Proto-Italic
2823:
2813:
2803:
2800:Indo-Iranian
2794:of the gods,
2775:
2769:
2761:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2670:
2644:
2641:Proto-Slavic
2636:
2628:
2620:
2617:South Slavic
2612:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2547:
2540:, "goddess",
2537:
2533:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2471:
2462:(modern-day
2459:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2413:
2407:
2372:
2368:
2353:deue Decluna
2352:
2342:
2334:
2316:Vetus Latina
2314:
2311:Christianity
2307:Vulgar Latin
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2244:
2228:
2220:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2166:Odin's names
2149:
2145:
2139:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2106:
2095:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2031:Old Prussian
2021:
2010:
2003:
1993:
1990:Balto-Slavic
1979:
1965:
1960:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1930:), a "god",
1927:
1923:
1920:Indo-Iranian
1913:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1881:
1858:
1827:
1814:
1800:
1797:
1787:
1773:
1764:
1756:
1754:
1751:Proto-Celtic
1749:" (from the
1740:
1738:
1735:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1637:recorded by
1631:
1619:
1612:
1609:South Picene
1605:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1574:
1570:
1557:
1546:
1536:
1494:
1487:
1478:*Dyauš-pHtar
1477:
1474:Indo-Iranian
1463:
1449:
1436:
1426:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1337:
1336:attached to
1333:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1305:
1299:
1289:
1277:
1273:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1181:
1166:
1156:
1146:Diós-kouroi,
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1085:
1073:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
994:
978:
969:
959:
955:
941:
937:
921:
915:
911:
907:
897:
893:
887:
877:
874:Indo-Iranian
867:
860:
833:
829:
818:
814:
812:
764:
755:
748:
745:Divine Twins
720:
716:
712:
710:
705:
699:
695:
692:Dyēus Ph₂tḗr
691:
686:
681:
680:
648:
644:
629:Indo-Iranian
623:
621:
614:
602:
598:
597:
588:
582:
579:Divine Twins
574:
573:
560:*Ph₂tḗr Ǵenh
559:
555:
550:
542:
538:
524:
517:
512:
505:
501:
497:
495:
485:
481:
475:Moon Goddess
454:
431:
429:Old Armenian
427:("midday"),
424:
417:
410:
397:
391:
384:
377:
370:
363:
359:
349:("sun") and
337:
326:
315:
303:
302:appears in *
297:
292:
288:
280:
268:
264:
260:
256:
254:
194:
190:Earth Mother
183:
149:Dyḗus ph₂tḗr
145:
132:
131:
125:
98:January 2024
95:
81:ISO 639 code
77:}}
71:{{
67:}}
61:{{
57:}}
51:{{
46:
26:
7536:Etymologies
7299: [
7111:: 121–144.
7028:(4): 5–83.
5850:Beekes 2009
5803:10316/90494
5678:Sakhno 2017
5208:Marold 1992
5100:: 157–184.
4923:Curtis 2017
4473:The Luwians
4109:Beekes 2009
3889:Die Sprache
3122:Zoroastrian
3114:early Slavs
3094:in central
3052:in central
2954:dat.abl.pl.
2929:Di(e)spiter
2768:; feminine
2615:, "demon",
2403:, a "god",
2383:Celtiberian
2373:*dago-dēwos
2191:Old English
2152:appears in
2115:Old Frisian
1976:Old Persian
1855:Tokharian B
1788:Debess tēvs
1569:), archaic
1553:Dijēs-patēr
1516:Dijēs-patēr
1509:Djous-patēr
1495:Dyáuṣ-pitṛ́
1488:Dyáuṣ-pitā́
1470:Ζεῦ πάτερ),
1411:Iovis-pater
1279:Dei-pátrous
1254:Martirosyan
1208:, a "god";
1186:Anitta text
1174: [
1159:, a "god",
946:dative case
926:Zoroastrian
910:(𐬛𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬱
904:Old Avestan
851:Descendants
667:Ahura Mazda
549:expression
531:Djous patēr
519:Dei-pátrous
516:, Illyrian
507:Dyáuṣ Pitṛ́
459:Pandeia or
452:("today").
387:("day") or
7520:Categories
7475:Sacrifices
7445:Otherworld
7402:Characters
7228:2578205133
6501:. Mouton.
6426:"Albanian"
5833:Ringe 2006
5821:Ringe 2006
5663:Gołąb 1992
5588:1511.06691
5294:Rey, Alain
5196:Simek 1996
5133:: 473–488.
5127:Baltistica
4954:Ringe 2006
4744:: 265–271.
4641:Feizi 1929
3400:(in Ewe).
3398:Mäetagused
3263:References
3120:after the
3076:the Father
2792:cup-bearer
2774:(Δῖα <
2679:Lusitanian
2667:Lusitanian
2583:Old Polish
2391:, a "god",
2288:Dea Tacita
2130:M. L. West
2017:Lithuanian
1859:kauṃ-ñäkte
1759:ollo fātir
1743:Oll-athair
1633:Deipaturos
1602:Iuve patre
1571:Iovispater
1566:Djow-patēr
1537:Dies Pater
1526:Djow-patēr
1464:Zeus Patēr
1122:Paelignian
993:dialects:
760:Pamphylian
747:, sons of
701:*Perkʷūnos
616:*Perkʷūnos
513:Zeus Patēr
455:While the
409:, Hittite
393:Poludnitsa
368:Lithuanian
362:"day" and
224:Messapians
7429:H₂n̥gʷʰis
7378:Smith God
7358:H1n̥gʷnis
7331:Perkwunos
7202:164110389
7127:226337822
6816:. Brill.
6792:. Brill.
6768:. Brill.
6615:. Brill.
6567:. Brill.
6546:. Brill.
6456:161016819
6312:. Brill.
6264:. Brill.
6243:. Brill.
6151:(2010) .
6091:. Brill.
5957:Cook 2010
5945:Mann 1948
5862:West 2007
5626:West 2007
5613:119211760
5560:161532105
5532:Britannia
5181:West 2007
5166:West 2007
4939:Orel 1998
4911:Mann 1977
4693:peren-di.
4653:West 2007
4626:Mann 1952
4602:West 2007
4426:161694789
4294:West 2007
4206:194725375
4041:(2011). "
3875:West 2007
3846:West 2007
3834:West 2007
3743:West 2007
3731:West 2007
3704:West 2007
3648:West 2007
3571:West 2007
3510:Orel 1998
3491:West 2007
3452:(Hittite
3442:West 2007
3341:West 2007
3293:West 2007
3221:Footnotes
3205:taevas or
3174:Urbańczyk
3153:dziwożona
3062:Albanians
2904:dīw-(e)t-
2897:dīw-(o)t-
2871:Dīs Pater
2766:tragedies
2655:Dziewanna
2645:*divŭ(jĭ)
2629:divo-žena
2495:An Dag-da
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2432:Old Welsh
2406:Gaulish:
2345:, "gods",
2251:Old Latin
2213:), a god,
2181:Fimbultýr
2136:Old Norse
2111:Tīwes-dæg
2094:of Latin
2051:Dievaitis
1794:Old Norse
1732:Old Irish
1685:, "Daddy
1639:Hesychius
1620:dipoteres
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1533:Old Latin
1437:*dyēus ph
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1182:Šiušummiš
1153:Anatolian
1018:Old Latin
819:*Dyēus Ph
721:*Diuōneh₂
641:Euripides
611:Canaanite
436:Old Irish
413:("day"),
380:("day"),
364:divé-dive
251:Etymology
236:Albanians
232:Illyrians
228:Thracians
220:Phrygians
7424:Ḱérberos
7388:PriHyéh₂
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7224:ProQuest
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7051:Folklore
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2746:di-wi-ja
2741:/diwjos/
2736:di-wi-jo
2716:"sky" +
2544:Phrygian
2530:Messapic
2468:Galloway
2357:Velitrae
2349:Volscian
2319:and the
2294:Bona Dea
2173:Gautatýr
2154:kennings
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1256:, from *
1234:Armenian
1108:Grabouie
1011:d(i)jous
892:(द्यौष्)
884:Sanskrit
805:head of
794:Evidence
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704:than of
687:*Dʰéǵʰōm
607:reflexes
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541:for Zeus
536:Scythian
522:, Roman
510:, Greek
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283:- as an
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1994:*deiwas
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1816:Stribog
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1039:Latin:
1030:Dijovis
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