2717:
461:
84:
447:
500:
514:
685:
2666:
997:
646:
In the meeting, Guaimar IV of
Salerno ensured the Hauteville dominance over Melfi. William of Hauteville formed the second core of his possessions and differentiated himself from Rainulf I of Aversa, head of the territories of Campania. All the barons present offered a tribute as a vassal to Guaimar,
643:, and offered both an alliance. With the unification of the Norman families of Altavilla and Drengot, Guaimar gave official recognition to the Norman conquests. At the end of the year and extending into 1043, William and Rainulf met in an assembly at Melfi with the Norman barons and the Lombards.
722:
Salerno was conquered in 1077 by the
Normans, and these territories were added to the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria and with this conquest, the Normans controlled all of continental southern Italy, with the exception of the small
1386:
475:
433:
83:
355:
1379:
1359:
1047:
William is usually considered the first count of Apulia and
Calabria, but he was never recognized as such by the emperor. In 1047, Holy Roman
2969:
738:
Salerno remained the capital of this southern
Italian political entity for half a century (from 1078 to 1130), the city flourished with the
1372:
17:
2959:
2632:
1737:
649:
2979:
1276:
2774:
1259:
1232:
2039:
1757:
727:. The next year, the capital was moved from Melfi to Salerno, and the Normans began to focus on completing the conquest of
2552:
2295:
2243:
700:) could be considered juridically doubtful; in fact, in 1047, the emperor Henry III intervened to claim the ducal title.
2654:
2434:
2105:
2546:
2154:
1395:
2564:
1202:
2891:
2540:
2444:
2388:
1546:
1146:
2429:
2363:
1894:
1817:
1668:
665:
309:
2780:
929:
2811:
2701:
2558:
2510:
2201:
1688:
1166:
The title was left vacant after the death of Roger IV. It may have been revived for a short-lived son of
381:
2806:
2801:
2504:
2498:
2449:
2439:
1869:
1854:
1717:
1107:
368:
261:
2716:
2616:
1899:
1132:
739:
295:
2984:
2964:
2927:
2907:
2522:
1874:
1727:
1663:
1174:
1159:
833:. He disappeared under dubious circumstances, at the time in which Byzantines recaptured Calabria.
640:
2662:
2989:
2974:
2846:
2610:
2285:
2177:
2139:
1634:
1564:
673:
657:. Guaimar reconfirmed the title of count to Rainulf as well, which created the County of Puglia.
507:
452:
2647:
2570:
2516:
2464:
2454:
2290:
2233:
1904:
1076:
1030:
611:. The title of duke was thereafter used intermittently as a title for the heir apparent to the
2912:
2886:
2841:
2748:
2725:
2691:
2534:
2378:
2330:
2316:
2144:
1884:
1797:
1747:
1426:
1409:
1291:
1249:
1222:
988:
976:
669:
654:
628:
2876:
2686:
2582:
2459:
2398:
2383:
2306:
2270:
2226:
2216:
1994:
1966:
1772:
1616:
1514:
1458:
1167:
8:
2706:
2696:
2604:
2335:
2238:
2221:
2211:
2066:
1989:
1812:
1807:
1742:
1642:
1552:
1328:
1304:
1189:
1153:
1070:
661:
438:
627:
in
September 1042 and was recognized by all the Normans as supreme leader. He turned to
2836:
2758:
2678:
2528:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2393:
2358:
2353:
2311:
2275:
2134:
2029:
1951:
1924:
1864:
1767:
1752:
1590:
1570:
1138:
1051:
took away
Guaimar's ducal title. He christened William's successor (and brother) Drogo
604:
577:
466:
323:
2938:
2917:
2856:
2796:
2640:
2373:
2368:
2301:
2260:
2254:
2095:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1802:
1782:
1732:
1722:
1703:
1255:
1228:
1182:
1048:
732:
632:
612:
493:
480:
385:
158:
2922:
2866:
2590:
2172:
2167:
2090:
2024:
2019:
1889:
1859:
1827:
1683:
1628:
1607:
1585:
1364:
1142:
1064:
1038:
716:
597:
585:
569:
225:
135:
696:
although the legitimacy of this title (as it was not officially recognized by any
2851:
2831:
2763:
2113:
2081:
2076:
2056:
1919:
1879:
1849:
1832:
1792:
1777:
1762:
1693:
1678:
1595:
1575:
1448:
1115:
1095:
1082:
724:
708:
697:
636:
603:
The duchy was disestablished in 1130, when the last duke of Apulia and
Calabria,
593:
341:
237:
162:
1971:
2768:
2596:
2492:
2486:
2086:
2061:
1934:
1929:
1914:
1909:
1844:
1839:
1822:
1787:
1580:
1558:
1502:
1441:
1126:
830:
653:. To tie it to himself, he offered to marry Guaimar's niece Guide, daughter of
608:
557:
545:
145:
88:
The Duchy (in green) in the political context of Italy and the
Balkans in 1084.
73:
47:
647:
which recognized
William I of Hauteville as the first to receive the title of
2953:
2816:
2280:
2118:
1622:
1496:
1468:
889:
877:
565:
2821:
2733:
1653:
1508:
1488:
101:
97:
1118:. It was thereafter used intermittently as a title for the heir apparent.
2826:
2206:
2071:
1101:
327:
275:
249:
1053:
Dux et
Magister Italiae comesque Normannorum totius Apuliae et Calabriae
130:
735:, the first unified state in southern Italy that was founded in 1130.
684:
1473:
192:
1224:
The Age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Northern Conquest
2670:
2665:
2191:
1673:
1478:
1421:
1122:
938:
928:
origins, but of Greek culture, he rebelled against the byzantines.
925:
826:
589:
291:
288:
195:
182:
1041:
as Count of Apulia, he obtained the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria.
2753:
2743:
2738:
1453:
1414:
1314:
Houben, Hubert (translated by Graham A. Loud and Diane Milburn).
573:
174:
169:
116:
1961:
996:
728:
581:
403:
178:
692:
In 1043, the prince of Salerno, Guiamar V, had been acclaimed
688:
The Duchy of Apulia and Calabria within Southern Italy in 1112
1939:
1463:
1436:
1034:
624:
532:
202:
140:
111:
1431:
1016:
1008:
731:. They gradually created, until 1091, the precursor of the
712:
206:
27:
Norman state in southern Italy and Sicily from 1043 to 1130
1309:
Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile
1275:
Enciclopedia Italiana (1933). Michelangelo Schipa (ed.).
900:
1274:
752:
703:
However, after 1059, the county was officially named
1394:
664:was made "count" of Apulia and Calabria by Emperor
1347:The Administration of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily
1251:Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler Between East and West
839:
2951:
1289:
939:Guaimar of Salerno (Duke of Apulia and Calabria)
2580:
1316:Roger II of Sicily: Ruler between East and West
679:
1325:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
1318:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
2648:
1380:
1783:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
1055:and made him a direct vassal of the empire.
1033:and Gaitelgrima of Benevento. In 1042-43 at
1135:1134–48, son of previous, opposed by . . .
747:
65:
39:
2655:
2641:
1387:
1373:
707:("Duchy of Apulia and Calabria"), because
82:
1333:The Normans in the South 1016–1130
683:
572:in 1043, composed of the territories of
1738:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
948:
849:
762:
14:
2952:
1340:The Kingdom in the Sun 1130–1194
1247:
1156:1148–54, also king of Sicily (1154–66)
742:, the first medical school in Europe.
2636:
1368:
957:
951:
945:
858:
852:
846:
771:
765:
759:
2970:11th-century establishments in Italy
1220:
623:William I of Hauteville returned to
1293:I duchi di Calabria dal 969 al 1154
24:
1277:"GUAIMARIO V, principe di Salerno"
753:Azzo of Spoleto (Duke of Calabria)
596:was raised to the rank of duke by
25:
3001:
2960:Norman conquest of southern Italy
2547:United Provinces of Central Italy
1353:
2715:
2664:
1396:List of historic states of Italy
1114:In 1127 the duchy passed to the
995:
512:
498:
473:
459:
445:
431:
2529:Provisional Government of Milan
1248:Houben, Hubert (4 April 2002).
1203:Province of Apulia and Calabria
1037:, by approving the election of
790:Azzo of Spoleto (circa 969–983)
2892:List of presidents of Campania
1728:City of Fiume and its District
1283:
1268:
1254:. Cambridge University Press.
1241:
1214:
1147:Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor
840:Melus of Bari (Duke of Apulia)
829:origins, he was named Duke by
550:Comitatus Apuliae et Calabriae
367:• Death of the childless
41:Comitatus Apuliae et Calabriae
13:
1:
2980:Counts of Apulia and Calabria
2163:County of Apulia and Calabria
1669:Campagna e Marittima Province
1221:Loud, Graham (10 July 2014).
1208:
942:
843:
756:
542:County of Apulia and Calabria
344:; the County becomes a Duchy
36:County of Apulia and Calabria
2862:Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
1323:The Norman Kingdom of Sicily
1296:. A. Norcia. pp. 57–63.
1185:for his eldest son in 1189:
932:gave him the title of Duke.
680:Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
562:Ducatus Apuliae et Calabriae
554:Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
7:
2565:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
2559:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2511:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1689:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1360:History of the Norman World
1196:
705:Ducato di Puglia e Calabria
694:Duke of Apulia and Calabria
668:, with territories lost by
618:
18:Duke of Apulia and Calabria
10:
3006:
2775:Cities, towns and villages
2505:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2499:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1900:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
1870:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
1855:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
356:Norman conquest of Salerno
2936:
2900:
2875:
2789:
2724:
2713:
2677:
2617:Free Territory of Trieste
2477:
2407:
2346:
2329:
2253:
2190:
2153:
2135:Principality of Benevento
2127:
2104:
2049:
2038:
1980:
1950:
1702:
1652:
1606:
1537:
1524:
1487:
1402:
1290:Nicola Lafortuna (1881).
1264:– via Google Books.
1237:– via Google Books.
973:
968:
965:
960:
954:
874:
869:
866:
861:
855:
787:
782:
779:
774:
768:
740:Schola Medica Salernitana
592:. It became a duchy when
528:
410:
399:
395:
378:
365:
352:
338:
320:
306:
285:
281:
271:
267:
255:
243:
231:
219:
215:
201:
188:
168:
154:
123:
107:
93:
81:
61:
56:
34:
2523:Italian United Provinces
1875:Principality of Piombino
1664:Patrimony of Saint Peter
1342:. London: Longman, 1970.
1335:. London: Longman, 1967.
1162:1154–61, son of previous
1029:He was the first son of
748:List of counts and dukes
2847:Principality of Salerno
2611:Italian Social Republic
2286:Principality of Taranto
2178:Principality of Taranto
2140:Principality of Salerno
1895:Bishopric of Tarantasia
1718:Bishopric of Bressanone
1635:Duchy of the Pentapolis
674:Principality of Salerno
508:Principality of Taranto
453:Principality of Salerno
177:(generally), Lombards,
2517:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2291:Terra Sancti Benedicti
2195:(from the 9th century)
1905:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1338:Norwich, John Julius.
1141:1137–39, candidate of
1031:Guaimar III of Salerno
689:
561:
549:
330:recognizes the County
312:recognizes the County
66:
40:
2887:Elections in Campania
2842:Principality of Capua
2535:Republic of San Marco
2317:Crown Colony of Malta
2145:Principality of Capua
1885:Marquisate of Saluzzo
1748:County of Santa Fiora
1410:Etruscan civilization
1039:William of Hauteville
687:
655:Guy, Duke of Sorrento
570:William of Hauteville
296:William of Hauteville
124:Common languages
2759:Sorrentine Peninsula
2331:French Revolutionary
2271:State of the Presidi
1995:Republic of Florence
1967:Domini di Terraferma
1617:Exarchate of Ravenna
1515:Western Roman Empire
1459:Nuragic civilization
1329:Norwich, John Julius
1305:Chalandon, Ferdinand
2605:Free State of Fiume
2553:Kingdom of Sardinia
2296:Neapolitan Republic
2244:Kingdom of Sardinia
2239:Republic of Sassari
2067:Catepanate of Italy
1990:Republic of Cospaia
1813:Duchy of Montferrat
1808:March of Montferrat
1743:County of Guastalla
1643:Exarchate of Africa
1345:Takayama, Hiroshi.
662:Drogo of Hauteville
439:Catepanate of Italy
384:; Duchy annexed to
382:Coronation of Roger
2837:Duchy of Benevento
2435:Lucca and Piombino
2312:Malta Protectorate
2276:Duke of San Donato
2030:Republic of Ancona
1952:Republic of Venice
1865:Duchy of Mirandola
1753:Duchy of Guastalla
1591:Duchy of Tridentum
1571:Duchy of Benevento
1538:Barbarian kingdoms
1181:It was revived by
1065:William I Iron Arm
1025:1 son, 3 daughters
690:
467:Duchy of Benevento
324:Battle of Civitate
2945:
2944:
2857:Duchy of Sorrento
2797:Kingdom of Naples
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2473:
2472:
2440:Massa and Carrara
2325:
2324:
2302:Hospitaller Malta
2261:Kingdom of Naples
2255:Kingdom of Sicily
2186:
2185:
2096:Duchy of Sorrento
2015:Republic of Genoa
2010:Republic of Siena
2005:Republic of Massa
2000:Republic of Lucca
1733:County of Gorizia
1723:Corsican Republic
1704:Holy Roman Empire
1321:Matthew, Donald.
1261:978-0-521-65573-6
1234:978-1-317-90022-1
1049:Emperor Henry III
1045:
1044:
1026:
936:
935:
921:
837:
836:
733:Kingdom of Sicily
633:Prince of Salerno
613:Kingdom of Sicily
568:state founded by
538:
537:
524:
523:
520:
519:
494:Kingdom of Sicily
486:
485:
481:Emirate of Sicily
310:Emperor Henry III
257:• 1111–1127
245:• 1085–1111
233:• 1059–1085
221:• 1043–1046
159:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
2997:
2867:Ancient Campania
2781:List of communes
2719:
2669:
2668:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2591:Kingdom of Italy
2578:
2577:
2344:
2343:
2173:County of Sicily
2168:County of Aversa
2091:Byzantine Sicily
2077:Theme of Lucania
2047:
2046:
2025:Republic of Pisa
2020:Republic of Noli
1890:Duchy of Spoleto
1860:Duchy of Merania
1758:Kingdom of Italy
1684:Duchy of Ferrara
1629:Duchy of Perugia
1608:Byzantine Empire
1586:Duchy of Spoleto
1553:Ostrogothic rule
1535:
1534:
1403:Pre-Roman period
1389:
1382:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1218:
1143:Pope Innocent II
1024:
999:
980:
943:
930:Emperor Henry II
919:
881:
844:
791:
757:
717:Pope Nicholas II
598:Pope Nicholas II
516:
515:
502:
501:
490:
489:
477:
476:
463:
462:
449:
448:
435:
434:
428:
427:
412:
411:
86:
77:
69:
51:
43:
32:
31:
21:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2985:Former counties
2965:Medieval Apulia
2950:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2932:
2896:
2878:
2871:
2852:Duchy of Amalfi
2832:Duchy of Naples
2827:Italia province
2785:
2764:Terra di Lavoro
2720:
2711:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2631:
2622:
2576:
2479:
2478:Post-Napoleonic
2469:
2403:
2339:
2333:
2321:
2263:
2259:
2258:(1130–1816) and
2257:
2249:
2194:
2182:
2149:
2123:
2114:Emirate of Bari
2100:
2087:Theme of Sicily
2082:Duchy of Naples
2057:Duchy of Amalfi
2042:
2034:
1982:
1981:Other Republics
1976:
1954:
1946:
1940:County of Tenda
1920:County of Savoy
1880:Duchy of Reggio
1850:Duchy of Mantua
1778:March of Friuli
1710:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1694:Duchy of Urbino
1679:Duchy of Castro
1656:
1648:
1602:
1596:Duchy of Tuscia
1576:Duchy of Friuli
1539:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1520:
1499:(753 BC–509 BC)
1483:
1398:
1393:
1356:
1301:
1288:
1284:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1199:
1116:count of Sicily
1096:Robert Guiscard
1083:Robert Guiscard
1023:
1014:
1006:
1002:
992:
986:
975:
941:
918:
911:
905:
898:
893:
887:
876:
842:
815:
809:
801:
799:Azzo of Spoleto
797:
789:
755:
750:
725:Duchy of Naples
709:Robert Guiscard
698:universal power
682:
650:Count of Apulia
641:Count of Aversa
637:Rainulf Drengot
621:
594:Robert Guiscard
513:
499:
474:
460:
446:
432:
388:
371:
358:
345:
342:Treaty of Melfi
331:
313:
299:
258:
246:
234:
222:
163:Greek Orthodoxy
161:
150:
115:
89:
71:
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2990:Former duchies
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:Italian states
2972:
2967:
2962:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2771:
2769:Vallo di Diano
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:Italian Empire
2587:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2541:Roman Republic
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2493:Duchy of Lucca
2490:
2487:Duchy of Genoa
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2341:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2293:
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1227:. Routledge.
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2928:Coat of arms
2908:Demographics
2877:Politics and
2861:
2822:Samnite Wars
2812:Two Sicilies
2773:
2734:Amalfi Coast
2593:(1861–1946)
2571:Papal States
2399:Transpadania
2162:
1972:Stato da Màr
1654:Papal States
1565:Lombard rule
1529:Early Modern
1517:(395–476 AD)
1509:Roman Empire
1489:Ancient Rome
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1183:King Tancred
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421:Succeeded by
420:
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98:Vassal state
63:Motto:
62:
29:
2619:(1947–1954)
2613:(1943–1945)
2607:(1920–1924)
2599:(1882–1960)
2583:unification
2573:(1814–1870)
2567:(1815–1866)
2561:(1816–1861)
2555:(1814–1860)
2549:(1859–1860)
2543:(1849–1850)
2537:(1848–1849)
2519:(1815–1859)
2513:(1814–1859)
2507:(1814–1859)
2501:(1814–1829)
2495:(1815–1847)
2489:(1815–1848)
2379:Parthenopea
2340:(1792–1815)
2298:(1647–1648)
2264:(1282–1816)
2246:(1324–1861)
2207:Agugliastra
2072:Longobardia
1709:independent
1559:Vandal rule
1154:William III
979:(1043–1047)
880:(1015–1020)
416:Preceded by
328:Pope Leo IX
276:Middle Ages
250:Roger Borsa
119:(1077–1130)
114:(1043–1077)
2954:Categories
2939:Categories
2879:government
2450:Pontecorvo
2408:Monarchies
2394:Subalpinia
2359:Cispadania
2354:Cisalpinia
2336:Napoleonic
2043:(774–1139)
1955:(697–1797)
1657:(754–1870)
1619:(584–751)
1567:(568–774)
1209:References
1168:William II
1108:William II
1003:1013 circa
670:Guaimar IV
629:Guaimar IV
578:Capitanata
369:William II
262:William II
189:Government
183:Calabrians
170:Demonym(s)
131:Old Norman
2913:Geography
2692:Benevento
2679:Provinces
2425:Guastalla
2415:Benevento
2347:Republics
2202:Judicates
2050:Byzantine
1707:and other
1645:(585–698)
1637:(554–752)
1631:(554–752)
1625:(533–751)
1610:(584–751)
1561:(435–534)
1555:(493–553)
1549:(476–493)
1540:(476–774)
1474:Iapygians
1133:Roger III
1129:(1130–54)
1104:1085–1111
958:Marriage
949:Portrait
926:Langobard
859:Marriage
850:Portrait
827:Langobard
772:Marriage
763:Portrait
666:Henry III
660:In 1047,
607:, became
600:in 1059.
564:), was a
298:as Count
226:William I
155:Religion
57:1043–1130
2807:Viceroys
2802:Monarchs
2687:Avellino
2671:Campania
2384:Piedmont
2234:Oristano
2227:Logudoro
2217:Cagliari
2192:Sardinia
1925:Piedmont
1674:Holy See
1525:Medieval
1479:Picentes
1422:Samnites
1197:See also
1175:Bohemond
1160:Roger IV
1123:Roger II
1077:Humphrey
619:Creation
605:Roger II
590:Campania
406:(common)
400:Currency
238:Robert I
196:monarchy
179:Apulians
2901:Culture
2790:History
2754:Samnium
2749:Islands
2744:Irpinia
2739:Cilento
2707:Salerno
2697:Caserta
2465:Corsica
2455:Tuscany
2420:Etruria
2369:Liguria
2222:Gallura
2212:Arborea
2128:Lombard
1828:Tuscany
1818:Trieste
1454:Ligures
1415:Etruria
1192:1189–93
1190:Roger V
1110:1111–27
1098:1059–85
1085:1057–59
1079:1051–57
1073:1046–51
1067:1043–46
989:Guaimar
977:Guaimar
917:Maralda
672:of the
586:Vulture
574:Gargano
380:•
354:•
340:•
322:•
308:•
289:Lombard
287:•
175:Normans
136:Italian
117:Salerno
108:Capital
100:of the
2726:Places
2702:Naples
2531:(1848)
2525:(1831)
2480:states
2445:Naples
2155:Norman
1962:Dogado
1833:Verona
1798:Mantua
1793:Istria
1773:Finale
1763:Ancona
1711:states
1531:states
1449:Veneti
1427:Latins
1258:
1231:
1139:Ranulf
1059:Counts
966:Start
961:Notes
955:Reign
952:Birth
899:circa
867:Start
862:Notes
856:Reign
853:Birth
816:circa
780:Start
775:Notes
769:Reign
766:Birth
729:Sicily
635:, and
582:Apulia
566:Norman
404:Follis
386:Sicily
294:elect
211:
193:Feudal
102:Papacy
94:Status
70:
44:
2918:Music
2581:Post-
2430:Italy
2374:Lucca
2364:Italy
1915:Savoy
1823:Turin
1803:Milan
1788:Ivrea
1464:Umbri
1437:Celts
1090:Dukes
1071:Drogo
1035:Melfi
946:Name
920:1 son
847:Name
760:Name
715:" by
625:Melfi
558:Latin
546:Latin
533:Italy
292:lords
203:Count
146:Greek
141:Latin
112:Melfi
74:Latin
48:Latin
2923:Flag
2460:Elba
2389:Rome
2338:eras
2334:and
2307:Gozo
2106:Arab
2089:and
1768:Ceva
1432:Osci
1256:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1177:1181
1145:and
1017:1047
1009:1043
969:End
913:1020
907:1015
870:End
783:End
713:duke
540:The
391:1130
374:1127
361:1076
348:1059
334:1053
316:1047
302:1043
207:Duke
1527:and
924:Of
901:970
825:Of
818:983
811:969
2956::
1331:.
1307:.
1170::
719:.
676:.
639:,
631:,
615:.
584:,
580:,
576:,
560::
548::
326:;
181:,
2656:e
2649:t
2642:v
1388:e
1381:t
1374:v
822:?
806:?
556:(
544:(
205:/
76:)
72:(
50:)
46:(
20:)
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