453:, to compensate them for the loss of her fertility to their kinship group and secure the legality of the union. Having paid the price for the marriage contract, she and her offspring belonged to the kinship network of her husband and could be inherited if her husband died. In 1927, France passed a new Nationality Law, which under Article 8, removed the requirement for married women to automatically derive the nationality of a husband and provided that her nationality could only be changed if she consented to change her nationality. It also allowed children born in France to native-born French women married to foreigners to acquire their nationality from their mothers. When it was implemented it included Guadeloupe, Martinique and RĂ©union but was extended to the remaining French possessions for French citizens only in 1928. Under Article 26 of the 1928 decree was the stipulation that it did not apply to natives of the French possessions except in Algeria, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and RĂ©union. A decade later, the legal incapacity of married women was finally invalidated for French citizens.
506:
territory. It stipulated that children of two
Djiboutian parents derived nationality through their parents and provided a pathway for orphans to acquire nationality. Illegitimate children could derive nationality from their mother if the father was unknown, but the law did not recognize persons as Djiboutian if one of the parents was a foreigner. Under Article 12, wives of persons who became Djiboutian nationals at independence were automatically made Djiboutian, regardless of what their former French status might have been. After independence, persons marrying a Djiboutian national could naturalize after two years per Article 21. Besides omitting people who were born in the territory and had never lived anywhere else but whose parents were foreign, the 1981 Law stated in Article 13 that persons who had served in the military or security forces of Djibouti prior to independence was granted nationality, regardless of whether they had any other tie to the country.
497:) broke out. Defense of the territory became a key issue for the French government from 1974. In 1975 the press for independence was accompanied by politically motivated violence. On 31 December 1975, communiqué from Paris indicated a willingness to accede to independence. In October 1976, a committee met to determine who would be able to acquire identity cards in the new nation. Those who were to be included were inhabitants and their families who fought for independence, retired military personnel who had served for at least ten years, and foreigners who were married to Djiboutians. A third referendum on independence was held on 8 May 1977, resulting in approval by over 94% of the voters.
377:
the passage of the 1869 Ottoman
Nationality Law (tĂąbiiyet-i osmaniye kanunnamesi). The law specified terms for the acquisition and loss of who was within the sovereignty of the empire, rather than the domestic obligations and rights of citizenship. It described who was a subject, owing allegiance, and made provisions for wives, children, emigrants and immigrants. Under its terms, children derived nationality from their fathers, foreigners born in the territory could acquire nationality at majority, and foreigners born elsewhere could obtain nationality after five years residency within the imperial realm. Specific provisions included that
434:. Under its terms, women who would become stateless by the rule to acquire their spouse's nationality were allowed to retain their French nationality upon marriage. The Nationality Law was modified in 1897 when it was extended to the remainder of the French colonies. Clarification in the 1897 decree included that bestowing nationality by birth in French territory only applied to children born in France, restoring descent requirements for the colonies. Between 1897 and 1917 a large number of migrants from Yemen were brought in to work on the construction of the
472:. In 1945, a new Code of French Nationality was passed, which conferred once again automatic French nationality on foreign wives of French men, but allowed mothers who were French nationals to pass their nationality to children born outside of France. It expressly applied to Algeria, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and RĂ©union and was extended to the Overseas Territories in 1953, but in the case of the latter had distinctions for the rights of those who were naturalized.
449:(Code of Indigenous Status) promulgated for Algeria in 1881 and extended to French Somaliland in 1912, nationals in the new colonies followed customary law for their internal governance. Non-citizen nationals were governed by traditional laws concerning marriage and inheritance which placed the well-being of the community above individual rights. These laws prevented a wife from being treated as a slave, required her husband to support her, and entitled her kin to a
4689:
28:
382:
births were unregistered, were all considered to be
Ottoman. Foreign women acquired Ottoman nationality through marriage, but could return to their original nationality upon the death of their spouse. Nationality could also be granted based on special contribution or service to the nation. Dual nationality was permitted, but was discouraged, as the government could choose not to recognize naturalization of an Ottoman subject by another state.
361:) categorized subjects by whether they were Muslim or non-Muslim, granting different civil statuses to each. In 1863, new regulations upon protégés restricted the privileges they received in the empire and clarifying who were thereafter considered to be Ottoman subjects and who were foreigners. In 1862, France signed a treaty with Diny Ahmet Abou-Bekr, Sultan of Rahayta to acquire
238:. Within the Ottoman Empire, for six centuries, there was an internal organization that defined government functions for subjects by balancing religious and communal ties, weighing aptitudes and occupations without a centralized national ideology. Ottoman subjecthood was strongly tied to religion and non-Muslims, if they were
480:. The French Constitution was amended in 1960 to allow states to maintain membership in the Community even if they were independent republics. A second plebiscite was held on 19 March 1967, with 60% of the voters remaining against independence from France. On 3 July, French Somaliland was renamed as the
421:
was extended to all of the French citizens in the colonies in 1848. Under the Civil Code, women were legally incapacitated and paternal authority was established over their children. Upon marriage, a woman married to a French man automatically acquired the same nationality as her spouse. Illegitimate
509:
In 2004, the
Nationality Code (Loi N°. 200/A.N./1981) was revised, providing equal access for children to acquire nationality through either parent and equality for any spouse to derive their nationality upon having been married for ten years. In the case that children were born of the marriage, the
336:
extended into Egypt. France occupied the territory until 1801, when the French were defeated and
Britain set about assisting the Ottoman Empire in regaining its sovereignty. To curb the disruptive effects of Europeans in the empire, from 1806, the Ottoman government began sending communiques to the
505:
The
Republic of Djibouti was established on 27 June 1977. In 1981, the Djiboutian Nationality Law provided that anyone who had formerly been a French national at independence was considered to be Djiboutian, as long as they were assimilated into a community which had traditionally been part of the
376:
was established in 1867, France was content to allow the autonomous state within the
Ottoman Empire to continue maintaining authority, as long as it recognized that the French had an interest in the region. A need to further define subjects of the Ottoman Empire, led to nationality legislation and
181:
in
Djibouti for failure to perform military obligations; performing actions indicating one is a national of another state; serving in the government or military of another state without the authorization of the government of Djibouti; committing serious crimes, disloyal acts, or crimes against the
150:
Naturalization can be granted to persons who have resided in the territory for a sufficient period of time to confirm they understand the language, customs and traditions of the society. General provisions are that applicants have good character and conduct; have no convictions that resulted in a
381:
discovered within the territory; stateless persons living in the empire; Muslim women, who despite the ban on such marriages, had married
Persian men and the children of such a union; unregistered persons who had not been counted in the Ottoman census, either because no census was taken or their
475:
With the passage of the 1958 French
Constitution, nationality provisions were standardized for France, Overseas Departments, and Overseas Territories. Article 86 excluded the possibility for independence of the colonies. In 1958, a constitutional referendum was held for French Somaliland, with
325:), and demands from foreign powers for protection to extend from individuals to entire communities. The influence on Ottoman subjects by European powers changed the perception of these minority groups in the empire, meaning that they were increasingly seen not as Ottoman subjects, but as
254:, in exchange for paying taxes, the sultan allowed these subjects freedom of religion and guaranteed their lives, property, and rights with an understanding that they were legally entitled to less status than Muslim subjects. The pact was agreed to by the leaders of the
95:, as amended; the Djiboutian Nationality Code, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Djibouti. The legal means to acquire
397:) in 1883 was initially met with diplomacy by the French. But in December 1883, permission was granted for colonization efforts in the area by the coal company Société Française des Steamers de l'Ouest (French Society of Western Steamers).
510:
length of marriage only needed to be five years. The 2004 revision also legalized dual nationality. In 2018, the Nationality Code was incorporated as Articles 26â64 of the new Civil Code of Djibouti (Loi N°. 003/AN/18/8eme/L).
111:, born abroad to parents with Djiboutian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.
2667:
464:. The Constitution of 1946 granted French citizenship to all subjects of France's territories without having to renounce their personal status as natives. Under its terms, French Somaliland was classified as an
484:
and was granted greater autonomy over its internal affairs. Yemeni migrants were granted French nationality with full political rights under a statute of 1967. Beginning in 1970, armed conflict led by the
422:
children were barred from inheritance and nationality could only be transmitted through a father. The French Nationality Law of 1889 codified previous statutory laws, changing the French standard from
341:, in an effort to end bribery and corruption, and to create fair tax schemes and institutions to protect the basic rights of Ottoman subjects. In 1838 the British acquired the port of
151:
sentence of six months or more; have good health; and have resided in the country for ten years. Besides foreigners meeting the criteria, other persons who may be naturalized include:
4039:
3944:
2241:
2451:
2648:
3954:
3772:
4079:
2828:
4069:
3011:
2954:
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foreign embassies demanding compliance with the terms of their agreements. Failing to achieve success diplomatically, in 1839, the Ottoman government issued the
460:, a statute issued on 7 March 1944 granted French citizenship to those who had performed services to the nation, such as serving as civil servants or receiving
3225:
2808:
2556:
564:
of tĂąbiiyet includes associations with allegiance, nationality, and subjecthood, or an affiliation to a sovereign, but does not translate as citizenship.
2312:
2272:
409:
In 1884 France signed treaties in May and December to acquire territory and establish protectorates for Gobaad and Tadjoura. In 1888, Lagarde founded
2358:
3408:
547:
states that it was allowed under the 1981 Nationality Law, which Manby advises is still in effect unless it contravenes provisions of the 2004 law.
99:, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as
234:
had emerged in the area, but continued to struggle for their autonomy from Abyssinian rulers, as they were important links in the trade routes to
2897:
2799:
540:
486:
386:
3714:
401:
was appointed to serve as the colonial governor of Obock. He began to secure treaties to acquire additional territory along the Somali Coast.
193:
is typically allowed in Djibouti since 2004. However, the president of the country is not allowed to have nationality other than Djiboutian.
4458:
544:
1953:
4454:
2860:
2354:
3759:
3318:
281:
with France, the Ottoman Empire granted France control of certain Ottoman Christians, Austria control of some Ottoman Roman Catholics,
2154:
2338:. Vol. 2. Modern Egypt, from 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 113â138.
2135:"Modernisation in the Tanzimat Period and the Ottoman Empire: An Analysis of the Tanzimat Edict within the Scope of the Modern State"
164:
Persons who have performed exceptional services to the nation can be naturalized after meeting a residency requirement of five years.
3768:
2231:
2707:[The Indigenous Status Regime Revisited: Genesis and Contradictions of the Repressive Principles in the French Empire].
4300:
3744:
3646:
3573:
4462:
3199:
3073:
3048:
3023:
2968:
2780:
2709:
2693:
2661:
2422:
2397:
2343:
2322:
2077:
2500:"Imperialism Ancient and Modern: A Study of British Attitudes to the Claims to Sovereignty to the Northern Somali Coastline"
3280:
1852:
3613:
278:
2791:
4330:
3999:
3686:
4506:
4425:
4096:
3158:
2997:
2637:
3210:
2263:
2027:
481:
4553:
4435:
4194:
3548:
3388:
2848:
3583:
3563:
3463:
3311:
3178:
2705:"Retour sur le régime de l'indigénat: GenÚse et contradictions des principes répressifs dans l'empire français"
2511:
313:. Over time, abuses of the system led to a virtual monopoly of foreign trade by protégés, clandestine sales of
2073:"Intermarriage, Independent Nationality, and the Individual Rights of French Women: The Law of 10 August 1927"
1808:
Ethiopia, The Era of the Princes: The Challenge of Islam and Re-unification of the Christian Empire, 1769â1855
155:
The spouse(s) of a Djiboutian national after ten years of marriage, or five years if the couple have children;
4450:
4014:
3899:
3764:
3578:
3423:
1949:
4320:
4671:
4024:
3984:
3749:
3383:
1889:
350:
293:. Under the terms of these treaties, foreign powers could recruit Ottoman subjects to serve their needs as
35:
2360:
A Collection of Nationality Laws of Various Countries as Contained in Constitutions, Statutes and Treaties
4541:
4496:
4415:
4410:
4390:
4335:
4325:
4290:
4019:
3939:
3874:
3671:
3558:
3508:
3378:
3040:
2171:
465:
174:
1806:
258:, who managed the adherents and their internal organization under the religious law of their community.
4491:
4468:
4405:
4385:
4345:
4229:
4204:
4199:
4029:
4004:
3909:
3844:
3834:
3824:
3814:
3754:
3739:
3734:
3709:
3691:
3623:
3553:
3523:
3089:
3065:
2906:
2772:
2685:
1835:
1829:
385:
Egyptian expansion into French territory with the construction of forts near Obock in 1881 and in the
4360:
4244:
4219:
4174:
4169:
4119:
4044:
3994:
3969:
3964:
3934:
3889:
3879:
3839:
3809:
3799:
3789:
3704:
3681:
3656:
3593:
3513:
3438:
3403:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3304:
2851:[The Application of the Civil Code to Guadeloupe in the Context of the Napoleonic Reaction]
4720:
4715:
4692:
4445:
4315:
4305:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4234:
4144:
4124:
4109:
3959:
3929:
3884:
3869:
3829:
3819:
3794:
3724:
3719:
3666:
3661:
3651:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3518:
3498:
3493:
3483:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3398:
3358:
3348:
2565:
557:
92:
4420:
4400:
4365:
4355:
4350:
4340:
4310:
4254:
4249:
4209:
4189:
4184:
4149:
4129:
4114:
4064:
4059:
4054:
3974:
3949:
3924:
3914:
3894:
3804:
3729:
3618:
3608:
3543:
3478:
3468:
3458:
3448:
3393:
3353:
3098:
2987:
2960:
2389:
2364:
417:
and Djibouti City became its capital. Slavery was abolished throughout the French Empire and the
298:
262:
4658:
4440:
4430:
4395:
4295:
4239:
4224:
4159:
4154:
4139:
4034:
4009:
3979:
3904:
3864:
3696:
3568:
3503:
3488:
3473:
3276:
3252:
1934:
255:
67:
3059:
3034:
2408:
4501:
4259:
4214:
4179:
4164:
4134:
3989:
3919:
3676:
3187:
2679:
2258:
2022:
1987:
131:
Children born anywhere who have at least one parent who is a Djiboutian national by birth; or
2766:
2621:
2589:
2551:
2332:
Dykstra, Darrell (1998). "The French Occupation of Egypt, 1798-1801". In Daly, M. W. (ed.).
4622:
4595:
4486:
4049:
2134:
365:
to establish a protectorate and gain a foothold in the region. They paid the sultan 55,000
282:
190:
2849:"L'application du Code civil à la Guadeloupe dans le contexte dela réaction napoléonienne"
222:
of the Ottomans. By the seventeenth century, three small Muslim states, the Sultanates of
161:
Minor children can be automatically naturalized when their parent acquires nationality; or
119:
Nationality can be acquired in Djibouti at birth or later in life through naturalization.
8:
4612:
4531:
4074:
3221:
2221:
306:
338:
277:, protected persons). Signing treaties with European powers, from the 1673 signing of a
4511:
3172:
3118:
2926:
2738:
2601:
2585:
2523:
2479:
2438:
2211:
2106:
1906:
1812:
543:
concluded that there are no provisions for renunciation of Djiboutian nationality. The
431:
373:
286:
265:, managed the affairs of their respective religious communities and developed into the
4653:
4605:
3195:
3154:
3126:
3110:
3069:
3044:
3019:
2993:
2964:
2934:
2918:
2872:
2820:
2812:
2776:
2746:
2730:
2689:
2657:
2633:
2605:
2593:
2577:
2531:
2515:
2483:
2471:
2463:
2447:
2418:
2393:
2368:
2339:
2318:
2292:
2284:
2215:
2203:
2195:
2146:
2114:
2098:
2052:
2044:
2009:
2001:
1914:
1898:
1864:
1839:
1816:
530:
is legal and all spouses have equal right to gain nationality through naturalization.
414:
378:
182:
state; or for fraud, misrepresentation, or concealment in a naturalization petition.
134:
398:
4536:
3102:
2910:
2864:
2722:
2629:
2569:
2455:
2276:
2187:
2090:
2036:
1991:
477:
354:
346:
318:
270:
55:
Code Civil (Loi No. 003/AN/18/8eme/L), Titre II: De la nationalitĂ©, Articles 26â64
1730:
1728:
4617:
3327:
3150:
2573:
1978:
1945:
490:
418:
410:
390:
333:
326:
87:
3268:
3244:
2035:(29). Paris: Ăditions de l'Ăcole des hautes Ă©tudes en sciences sociales: 32â47.
210:
was dominated by feuding from the larger Christian Kingdom of Abyssinia, modern
4648:
4548:
2726:
2718:
2094:
2086:
1897:(1). Translated by Tomlinson, Helen. Toulouse, France: Ăditions Belin: 95â117.
1779:
1725:
435:
314:
290:
243:
215:
207:
3130:
2914:
2750:
2597:
2535:
2207:
2191:
2013:
1918:
1820:
345:
in Yemen, sparking the French to begin searching for a rival harbor along the
4709:
4678:
4627:
4559:
4101:
3114:
2938:
2922:
2876:
2824:
2816:
2734:
2581:
2519:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2372:
2296:
2288:
2199:
2150:
2118:
2102:
2056:
2048:
2005:
1902:
1868:
294:
223:
178:
108:
3186:
United States Office of Personnel Management Investigation Services (2001).
4574:
3271:[Law No. 200/A.N./1981 Regarding the Djiboutian Nationality Code].
3194:. Washington, D. C.: American Immigration Lawyers Association. p. 65.
3149:. Translated by Thompson, Virginia; Adloff, Richard. Metuchen, New Jersey:
1996:
1973:
1863:(9â10). Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa: 313â320.
469:
457:
369:, but only occasionally used the port when en route to other possessions.
366:
302:
219:
3036:
Empire's Children: Race, Filiation, and Citizenship in the French Colonies
2280:
2040:
1843:
446:
4632:
4590:
3106:
3007:
2317:(2nd ed.). Irvington-on-Hudson, New York: Transnational Publishers.
450:
439:
100:
96:
3247:[Law No. 003/AN/18/8eme/L Regarding the Djiboutian Civil Code].
3122:
3084:
2768:
Arab Patriotism: The Ideology and Culture of Power in Late Ottoman Egypt
2742:
2704:
2681:
Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism
2527:
2499:
2172:"Gender and Republican Citizenship in the French West Indies, 1848â1945"
2110:
2072:
1910:
1884:
2376:
1590:
285:
status to British and Dutch traders, as well as specific rights to the
46:
2930:
2892:
2868:
1394:
1392:
1086:
1084:
1082:
103:. Djiboutian nationality is typically obtained under the principle of
2414:
2183:
561:
246:, could benefit from being subjects by agreeing to pay a tax to the
27:
3012:"Nationality and Citizenship in a Changing European and World Order"
2953:
Quinn, Charlotte A. (2009). "Djibouti". In Esposito, John L. (ed.).
2433:
2333:
4600:
4566:
3296:
3269:"Loi No. 200/A.N./1981 portant code de la nationalité djiboutienne"
1885:"Algerian Women in France: What Kind of Citizenship? (1930sâ1960s)"
1614:
1389:
1079:
545:
United States Office of Personnel Management Investigation Services
527:
413:. The Obock and Tadjoura protectorates were merged in 1896 to form
231:
211:
104:
84:
2976:
2355:"French Colonies (Other than Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion)"
2259:"Colonialism and the Legal Status of Women in Francophonic Africa"
1500:
177:
their nationality pending approval by the state. Nationals may be
1452:
1033:
1031:
261:
By the eighteenth century a political organization, known as the
227:
138:
2139:
Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Sosyal ve BeĆerĂź Bilimler Dergisi
310:
247:
1028:
797:
1488:
1440:
461:
362:
235:
1831:
West Africa: The French Speaking Nations Yesterday and Today
1108:
309:
from prosecution and privileges of trade, including lowered
2452:
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies
2236:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1125:
1123:
582:
342:
3245:"Loi No. 003/AN/18/8eme/L portant Code Civil djiboutienne"
2568:
for the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association: 277â298.
1755:
1713:
1643:
1641:
1566:
1539:
1147:
3167:(1977), published under the pseudonym Robert Saint VĂ©ran.
1556:
1554:
1404:
1367:
1365:
1186:
1067:
2656:(3rd ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: African Minds.
1512:
1476:
1464:
1416:
1258:
1176:
1174:
1120:
1096:
914:
3039:. Translated by Goldhammer, Arthur. Chicago, Illinois:
1701:
1689:
1653:
1638:
1626:
1529:
1527:
1428:
1352:
1350:
970:
968:
955:
953:
926:
904:
902:
889:
887:
809:
2809:
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
2557:
Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association
2232:"FSU Eyes Candidates to Replace Thrasher as President"
1974:"Citizenship and the Logic of Sovereignty in Djibouti"
1743:
1677:
1665:
1602:
1551:
1377:
1362:
1287:
1043:
1004:
992:
980:
836:
727:
725:
712:
710:
708:
706:
618:
616:
141:
discovered in the territory whose parents are unknown.
1335:
1311:
1275:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1171:
1055:
872:
848:
749:
681:
679:
603:
601:
599:
597:
404:
3018:. Turku, Finland: Turku Law School. pp. 30â60.
2434:"The Exception and the Rule: On French Colonial Law"
2353:
Flournoy, Richard W. Jr.; Hudson, Manley O. (1929).
1850:
1620:
1596:
1578:
1524:
1398:
1347:
1135:
1090:
1016:
965:
950:
938:
899:
884:
826:
824:
785:
773:
628:
242:(People of the Book), meaning Jewish, Christian, or
1767:
1323:
1299:
860:
761:
722:
703:
613:
500:
332:In 1798, France and Britain's conflicts during the
2857:Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe
2314:The Regulation of Nationality in International Law
2240:. Jacksonville, Florida. News Service of Florida.
1159:
737:
691:
676:
652:
640:
594:
218:. From 1517, the inhabitants were subjects of the
821:
664:
201:
4707:
2859:(in French) (146â147). Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe:
2800:Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
2626:The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History
1851:Afrika Presse Dienst (NovemberâDecember 1975).
127:Those who acquire nationality at birth include:
3267:
2898:The International and Comparative Law Quarterly
2406:
2145:(2). Ankara, Turkey: Maarif Mektepleri: 14â24.
1734:
1037:
206:For centuries, the area along the coast of the
2992:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
2792:"Grids & Datums: Central African Republic"
2352:
2256:
1506:
1494:
1458:
1446:
3312:
2407:Goldschmidt, Arthur Jr.; Boum, Aomar (2018).
2388:(3rd ed.). Haywards Heath, West Sussex:
2025:[A Useless Colony: Obock 1862â1888].
1853:"The French Territory of the Afars and Issas"
114:
4459:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
2956:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
2273:Ăcole des hautes Ă©tudes en sciences sociales
487:Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast
2431:
1410:
3319:
3305:
3243:
3085:"The Protégé System in the Ottoman Empire"
2552:"What Ottoman Nationality Was and Was Not"
2070:
2020:
1785:
1518:
1482:
1470:
1269:
1129:
1114:
1102:
495:Front de Libération de la CÎte des Somalis
26:
3144:
1995:
1707:
1695:
1659:
1647:
1632:
158:Adopted children of Djiboutian nationals;
2989:Dahomey: Between Tradition and Modernity
2497:
2383:
2023:"Une colonie inutile: Obock (1862-1888)"
1932:
1341:
1049:
998:
842:
634:
476:inhabitants voting to remain within the
2890:
2789:
2764:
2677:
2331:
2169:
1971:
1761:
1749:
1719:
1683:
1671:
1608:
1572:
1560:
1545:
1383:
1371:
1293:
1141:
1010:
986:
920:
4708:
3165:A Djibouti avec les Afars et les Issas
3082:
3061:Colonial Chaos in the Southern Red Sea
2710:French Politics, Culture & Society
2619:
2549:
2310:
2229:
2132:
2078:French Politics, Culture & Society
2071:Camiscioli, Elisa (SummerâFall 1999).
1827:
1317:
1281:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1165:
1153:
1073:
1061:
1022:
959:
944:
932:
908:
893:
878:
866:
168:
3300:
3208:
3185:
3057:
3032:
3006:
2985:
2952:
2846:
2702:
2646:
2432:Grandmaison, Olivier Le Cour (2006).
2413:(11th ed.). New York, New York:
1959:from the original on 12 November 2020
1882:
1773:
1584:
1533:
1434:
1422:
1356:
1329:
1305:
974:
830:
815:
803:
791:
779:
767:
755:
743:
731:
716:
697:
685:
670:
658:
646:
622:
607:
588:
3326:
3283:from the original on 15 October 2017
3211:Djibouti: Marriage & Citizenship
3147:Djibouti, Pawn of the Horn of Africa
2847:Niort, Jean-François (August 2007).
2410:A Concise History of the Middle East
1804:
854:
556:Will Hanley, a history professor at
145:
3231:from the original on 11 August 2021
2861:Société d'histoire de la Guadeloupe
2790:Mugnier, Clifford J. (March 2012).
1972:Bezabeh, Samson A. (October 2011).
1935:"Report on Citizenship Law: France"
1933:Bertossi, Christophe (April 2010).
185:
13:
2673:from the original on 26 June 2021.
2386:Fransman's British Nationality Law
526:Under the Djiboutian Family Code,
405:French colonial period (1884â1977)
14:
4732:
3209:Vafai, G.H. (18 September 2009).
2891:Plender, Richard (October 1974).
2834:from the original on 19 July 2021
2157:from the original on 26 June 2021
4688:
4687:
3409:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2905:(4). Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
2893:"The New French Nationality Law"
2257:Dobkin de Rios, MarlĂšne (1968).
2244:from the original on 14 May 2021
501:Post-independence (1977âpresent)
482:Territory of the Afars and Issas
107:, i.e. by birth in Djibouti, or
4554:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
2703:Merle, Isabelle (Summer 2002).
2170:Cottias, Myriam (August 2005).
1797:
550:
533:
520:
305:, and extend to these protégés
4391:Federated States of Micronesia
3755:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
3058:Smith, Nicholas W. S. (2021).
3016:Law Under Exogenous Influences
2550:Hanley, Will (November 2016).
2512:Institute of Ethiopian Studies
2335:The Cambridge History of Egypt
202:African sultanates (1517â1883)
1:
3220:(Report). Washington, D. C.:
3192:Citizenship Laws of the World
3064:. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
2807:(3). Falls Church, Virginia:
2684:. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
2624:. In Karpat, Kemal H. (ed.).
2498:Hamilton, David (July 1967).
1950:European University Institute
571:
4672:British Overseas Territories
3275:(in French). Djibouti City:
3251:(in French). Djibouti City:
2590:10.2979/jottturstuass.3.2.05
2574:10.2979/jottturstuass.3.2.05
2510:(2). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia:
2504:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
2230:Dailey, Ryan (14 May 2021).
1890:Clio. Women, Gender, History
576:
351:Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856
36:Djiboutian National Assembly
7:
4542:Renunciation of citizenship
3224:. LL File No. 2009-003281.
3041:University of Chicago Press
2564:(2). Bloomington, Indiana:
2264:Cahiers d'Ătudes Africaines
2085:(3â4). New York, New York:
2028:Cahiers d'Ătudes Africaines
1038:Goldschmidt & Boum 2018
122:
10:
4737:
3177:: CS1 maint: postscript (
3163:. Abridged translation of
3145:Tholomier, Robert (1981).
3090:Journal of Islamic Studies
3083:Sonyel, Salahi R. (1991).
3066:Cambridge University Press
3033:Saada, Emmanuelle (2012).
3014:. In Suksi, Markku (ed.).
2907:Cambridge University Press
2773:Princeton University Press
2727:10.3167/153763702782369803
2686:Cambridge University Press
2095:10.3167/153763799782378320
2021:Brunschwig, Henri (1968).
1836:Holt, Rinehart and Winston
1507:Flournoy & Hudson 1929
1495:Flournoy & Hudson 1929
196:
115:Acquisition of nationality
21:Djiboutian nationality law
4667:
4641:
4583:
4524:
4477:
4378:
4268:
4095:
4088:
3857:
3782:
3639:
3632:
3341:
3334:
2771:. Princeton, New Jersey:
2717:(2). New York, New York:
2650:Citizenship Law in Africa
2620:Karpat, Kemal H. (1974).
2384:Fransman, Laurie (2011).
2192:10.1080/01440390500176400
1883:André, Marc (June 2016).
1857:Africa Institute Bulletin
1621:Africa Press Service 1975
1597:Africa Press Service 1975
1399:Africa Press Service 1975
1091:Africa Press Service 1975
806:, pp. 105, 107, 109.
173:Djiboutian nationals can
73:
63:
41:
34:
25:
20:
3389:Central African Republic
2566:Indiana University Press
2460:10.1177/0392192106070346
1828:Adloff, Richard (1964).
1805:Abir, Mordechai (1968).
558:Florida State University
513:
430:and was extended to the
250:. Under a pact known as
93:Constitution of Djibouti
4487:Commonwealth of Nations
3218:Law Library of Congress
3099:Oxford University Press
2981:(subscription required)
2977:Oxford University Press
2961:Oxford University Press
2915:10.1093/iclqaj/23.4.709
2678:Masters, Bruce (2004).
2647:Manby, Bronwyn (2016).
2628:. Leiden, Netherlands:
2390:Bloomsbury Professional
2365:Oxford University Press
2225:(subscription required)
2176:Slavery & Abolition
591:, pp. 24, 36, 134.
4301:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3277:Government of Djibouti
3253:Government of Djibouti
2975: â via
2765:Mestyan, Adam (2020).
2363:. New York, New York:
2220: â via
2133:Ăiftçi, Yusuf (2019).
1834:. New York, New York:
1811:. New York, New York:
494:
394:
358:
322:
274:
256:confessional community
68:Government of Djibouti
4684:Partially recognized.
3549:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2311:Donner, Ruth (1994).
2281:10.3406/cea.1968.3134
2041:10.3406/cea.1968.3123
1988:Royal African Society
4623:Second-class citizen
4596:Multiple citizenship
4065:United Arab Emirates
3699:(Kingdom of Denmark)
2979:'s Reference Online
2367:. pp. 257â268.
2222:Taylor & Francis
1997:10.1093/afraf/adr045
1509:, pp. 257, 268.
1156:, pp. 277, 285.
283:most favoured nation
91:is regulated by the
4613:Permanent residency
4532:Loss of citizenship
4507:Caribbean Community
3760:Trinidad and Tobago
3745:St. Kitts and Nevis
3647:Antigua and Barbuda
3279:. 24 October 1981.
3222:Library of Congress
2986:Ronen, Dov (1975).
1764:, pp. 603â604.
1722:, pp. 601â602.
1599:, pp. 313â314.
1575:, pp. 717â718.
1548:, pp. 593â594.
1461:, pp. 392â393.
1459:Dobkin de Rios 1968
1447:Dobkin de Rios 1968
1425:, pp. 103â104.
1195:, pp. 277â278.
1076:, pp. 284â285.
447:Code de l'indigénat
307:diplomatic immunity
169:Loss of nationality
77:Current legislation
3687:Dominican Republic
3107:10.1093/jis/2.1.56
1813:Praeger Publishing
1437:, pp. 91, 93.
1117:, pp. 32, 34.
818:, pp. 74, 78.
539:British academic,
466:Overseas Territory
432:French West Indies
374:Khedivate of Egypt
287:Republic of Venice
135:Abandoned children
4703:
4702:
4677:Open border with
4520:
4519:
4374:
4373:
3853:
3852:
3773:US Virgin Islands
3700:
3424:Equatorial Guinea
3201:978-1-57370-110-5
3075:978-1-108-84566-3
3050:978-0-226-73307-4
3025:978-951-29-0284-2
2970:978-0-19-530513-5
2869:10.7202/1040648ar
2782:978-0-691-20901-2
2695:978-0-521-00582-1
2663:978-1-928331-08-7
2632:. pp. 1â14.
2448:SAGE Publications
2424:978-0-429-97515-8
2399:978-1-84592-095-1
2345:978-0-521-47211-1
2324:978-0-941320-77-1
1791:, pp. 30â35.
935:, pp. 57â58.
923:, pp. 61â62.
857:, pp. 25â26.
560:, notes that the
438:from Djibouti to
415:French Somaliland
295:commercial agents
220:Egyptian province
214:, and the Muslim
146:By naturalization
81:
80:
4728:
4691:
4690:
4537:Denaturalization
4426:Papua New Guinea
4411:Marshall Islands
4093:
4092:
3698:
3637:
3636:
3339:
3338:
3328:Nationality laws
3321:
3314:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3215:
3205:
3182:
3176:
3168:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3079:
3054:
3029:
3003:
2982:
2974:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2854:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2796:
2786:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2699:
2674:
2672:
2655:
2643:
2630:Brill Publishers
2616:
2614:
2612:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2428:
2403:
2380:
2349:
2328:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2226:
2219:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2017:
1999:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1847:
1824:
1792:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1411:Grandmaison 2006
1408:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
963:
957:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
897:
891:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
758:, pp. 1, 4.
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
720:
714:
701:
695:
689:
683:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
626:
620:
611:
605:
592:
586:
565:
554:
548:
537:
531:
524:
478:French Community
395:Vallée de Latéla
347:Gulf of Tadjoura
339:Edict of GĂŒlhane
191:Dual nationality
186:Dual nationality
30:
18:
17:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4721:Law of Djibouti
4716:Nationality law
4706:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4663:
4637:
4618:Right of return
4579:
4516:
4479:
4473:
4436:Solomon Islands
4370:
4336:Northern Cyprus
4331:North Macedonia
4264:
4099:
4084:
3849:
3778:
3628:
3330:
3325:
3295:
3286:
3284:
3258:
3256:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3213:
3202:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3151:Scarecrow Press
3135:
3133:
3076:
3051:
3026:
3000:
2980:
2971:
2943:
2941:
2881:
2879:
2852:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2794:
2783:
2755:
2753:
2696:
2670:
2664:
2653:
2640:
2610:
2608:
2540:
2538:
2488:
2486:
2425:
2400:
2346:
2325:
2301:
2299:
2247:
2245:
2224:
2182:(2). Abingdon:
2160:
2158:
2123:
2121:
2061:
2059:
1986:(441). London:
1979:African Affairs
1962:
1960:
1956:
1946:Badia Fiesolana
1937:
1923:
1921:
1873:
1871:
1800:
1795:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:Nationality Law
1733:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1525:
1519:Camiscioli 1999
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1483:Camiscioli 1999
1481:
1477:
1471:Camiscioli 1999
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1270:Brunschwig 1968
1268:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1130:Brunschwig 1968
1128:
1121:
1115:Brunschwig 1968
1113:
1109:
1103:Brunschwig 1968
1101:
1097:
1089:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
966:
958:
951:
943:
939:
931:
927:
919:
915:
907:
900:
892:
885:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
849:
841:
837:
829:
822:
814:
810:
802:
798:
790:
786:
778:
774:
766:
762:
754:
750:
742:
738:
730:
723:
715:
704:
696:
692:
684:
677:
669:
665:
657:
653:
645:
641:
633:
629:
625:, pp. 4â6.
621:
614:
606:
595:
587:
583:
579:
574:
569:
568:
555:
551:
538:
534:
525:
521:
516:
503:
407:
359:Islùhat Fermùnı
334:Napoleonic Wars
327:resident aliens
311:customs tariffs
204:
199:
188:
171:
148:
125:
117:
88:nationality law
64:Enacted by
59:
56:
51:
50:
12:
11:
5:
4734:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4685:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:Naturalization
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4502:Nordic Council
4499:
4494:
4492:European Union
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4455:American Samoa
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4366:United Kingdom
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4269:Rest of Europe
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4135:Czech Republic
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4097:European Union
4090:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3614:Western Sahara
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3404:Congo Republic
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3265:
3255:. 9 April 2018
3241:
3206:
3200:
3183:
3159:
3142:
3080:
3074:
3055:
3049:
3030:
3024:
3004:
2998:
2983:
2969:
2950:
2888:
2844:
2787:
2781:
2762:
2719:Berghahn Books
2700:
2694:
2675:
2662:
2644:
2638:
2622:"Introduction"
2617:
2547:
2495:
2429:
2423:
2404:
2398:
2381:
2350:
2344:
2329:
2323:
2308:
2254:
2227:
2167:
2130:
2087:Berghahn Books
2068:
2018:
1969:
1930:
1880:
1848:
1825:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1752:, p. 602.
1742:
1724:
1712:
1708:Tholomier 1981
1700:
1696:Tholomier 1981
1688:
1686:, p. 601.
1676:
1674:, p. 597.
1664:
1660:Tholomier 1981
1652:
1648:Tholomier 1981
1637:
1633:Tholomier 1981
1625:
1623:, p. 314.
1613:
1611:, p. 192.
1601:
1589:
1587:, p. 109.
1577:
1565:
1563:, p. 713.
1550:
1538:
1536:, p. 101.
1523:
1511:
1499:
1497:, p. 257.
1487:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1449:, p. 392.
1439:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1401:, p. 315.
1388:
1386:, p. 717.
1376:
1374:, p. 711.
1361:
1359:, p. 101.
1346:
1334:
1322:
1320:, p. 207.
1310:
1298:
1296:, p. 236.
1286:
1284:, p. 125.
1274:
1257:
1255:, p. 295.
1245:
1243:, p. 292.
1233:
1231:, p. 294.
1221:
1219:, p. 291.
1209:
1207:, p. 283.
1197:
1185:
1183:, p. 278.
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1093:, p. 313.
1078:
1066:
1064:, p. 284.
1054:
1042:
1040:, p. 165.
1027:
1015:
1013:, p. 132.
1003:
991:
989:, p. 116.
979:
977:, p. 130.
964:
949:
937:
925:
913:
898:
883:
881:, p. 280.
871:
859:
847:
835:
820:
808:
796:
794:, p. 107.
784:
782:, p. 113.
772:
760:
748:
736:
721:
702:
690:
675:
663:
651:
639:
627:
612:
593:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
567:
566:
549:
532:
518:
517:
515:
512:
502:
499:
456:At the end of
406:
403:
399:LĂ©once Lagarde
315:letters patent
291:Russian Empire
267:protégé system
216:Ottoman Empire
208:Horn of Africa
203:
200:
198:
195:
187:
184:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
147:
144:
143:
142:
132:
124:
121:
116:
113:
79:
78:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
58:
57:
54:
44:
43:
42:
39:
38:
32:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4733:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4696:
4695:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4679:Schengen Area
4676:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4628:Statelessness
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4560:Ius sanguinis
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4512:African Union
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:organizations
4478:International
4476:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4451:United States
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:Liechtenstein
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4102:Schengen Area
4098:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3765:United States
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Guinea-Bissau
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3160:0-8108-1415-3
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3097:(1). Oxford:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2999:0-8014-0927-6
2995:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2951:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:(in French).
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2639:90-04-03945-7
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2446:(4). London:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:(31). Paris:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2031:(in French).
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:cadmus.eui.eu
1936:
1931:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1776:, p. 78.
1775:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1710:, p. 74.
1709:
1704:
1698:, p. 73.
1697:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1668:
1662:, p. 22.
1661:
1656:
1650:, p. 18.
1649:
1644:
1642:
1635:, p. 11.
1634:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1521:, p. 56.
1520:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1485:, p. 57.
1484:
1479:
1473:, p. 53.
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1419:
1413:, p. 42.
1412:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1342:Bertossi 2010
1338:
1332:, p. 32.
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1308:, p. 31.
1307:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1272:, p. 45.
1271:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1132:, p. 39.
1131:
1126:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1105:, p. 32.
1104:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1052:, p. 15.
1051:
1050:Hamilton 1967
1046:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1025:, p. 18.
1024:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1001:, p. 14.
1000:
999:Hamilton 1967
995:
988:
983:
976:
971:
969:
962:, p. 59.
961:
956:
954:
947:, p. 58.
946:
941:
934:
929:
922:
917:
911:, p. 57.
910:
905:
903:
896:, p. 56.
895:
890:
888:
880:
875:
868:
863:
856:
851:
845:, p. 12.
844:
843:Hamilton 1967
839:
832:
827:
825:
817:
812:
805:
800:
793:
788:
781:
776:
770:, p. 58.
769:
764:
757:
752:
745:
740:
734:, p. 66.
733:
728:
726:
719:, p. 88.
718:
713:
711:
709:
707:
700:, p. 51.
699:
694:
688:, p. 55.
687:
682:
680:
672:
667:
661:, p. 48.
660:
655:
649:, p. 34.
648:
643:
636:
635:Fransman 2011
631:
624:
619:
617:
610:, p. 65.
609:
604:
602:
600:
598:
590:
585:
581:
563:
559:
553:
546:
542:
541:Bronwyn Manby
536:
529:
523:
519:
511:
507:
498:
496:
492:
488:
483:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:jus sanguinis
420:
416:
412:
411:Djibouti City
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Latela Valley
383:
380:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
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194:
192:
183:
180:
179:denaturalized
176:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
152:
140:
136:
133:
130:
129:
128:
120:
112:
110:
109:jus sanguinis
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:
86:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
53:
52:
49:
48:
40:
37:
33:
29:
24:
19:
16:
4693:
4659:Soviet Union
4654:Ancient Rome
4649:Nazi Germany
4575:Repatriation
4565:
4558:
4525:By procedure
4060:Turkmenistan
4015:Saudi Arabia
3579:South Africa
3564:Sierra Leone
3413:
3369:Burkina Faso
3335:By continent
3285:. Retrieved
3272:
3257:. Retrieved
3248:
3233:. Retrieved
3217:
3191:
3164:
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3094:
3088:
3060:
3035:
3015:
3008:Rosas, Allan
2988:
2955:
2942:. Retrieved
2902:
2896:
2880:. Retrieved
2856:
2836:. Retrieved
2804:
2798:
2767:
2754:. Retrieved
2714:
2708:
2680:
2649:
2625:
2609:. Retrieved
2561:
2555:
2539:. Retrieved
2507:
2503:
2487:. Retrieved
2443:
2437:
2409:
2385:
2375:– via
2359:
2334:
2313:
2300:. Retrieved
2268:
2262:
2246:. Retrieved
2235:
2179:
2175:
2159:. Retrieved
2142:
2138:
2122:. Retrieved
2082:
2076:
2060:. Retrieved
2032:
2026:
1983:
1977:
1961:. Retrieved
1941:
1922:. Retrieved
1894:
1888:
1872:. Retrieved
1860:
1856:
1830:
1807:
1798:Bibliography
1786:
1781:
1769:
1762:Bezabeh 2011
1757:
1750:Bezabeh 2011
1745:
1735:
1720:Bezabeh 2011
1715:
1703:
1691:
1684:Bezabeh 2011
1679:
1672:Bezabeh 2011
1667:
1655:
1628:
1616:
1609:Mugnier 2012
1604:
1592:
1580:
1573:Plender 1974
1568:
1561:Plender 1974
1546:Bezabeh 2011
1541:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1384:Plender 1974
1379:
1372:Plender 1974
1344:, p. 3.
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1294:Cottias 2005
1289:
1277:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1161:
1149:
1144:, p. 4.
1142:Mestyan 2020
1137:
1110:
1098:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1018:
1011:Dykstra 1998
1006:
994:
987:Dykstra 1998
982:
940:
928:
921:Masters 2004
916:
874:
869:, p. 2.
862:
850:
838:
811:
799:
787:
775:
763:
751:
746:, p. 4.
739:
693:
673:, p. 6.
666:
654:
642:
637:, p. 4.
630:
584:
552:
535:
522:
508:
504:
474:
470:French Union
462:recognitions
458:World War II
455:
444:
427:
423:
408:
384:
371:
331:
303:interpreters
279:Capitulation
266:
260:
251:
240:ahl al-KitÄb
239:
205:
189:
172:
149:
126:
118:
83:
82:
74:
45:
15:
4633:Travel visa
4591:Citizenship
4416:New Zealand
4260:Switzerland
4215:Netherlands
4025:South Korea
4005:Philippines
3985:North Korea
3865:Afghanistan
3769:Puerto Rico
3692:El Salvador
3584:South Sudan
3469:Ivory Coast
2909:: 709â747.
2811:: 192â194.
2275:: 390â405.
2186:: 233â245.
1990:: 587â606.
1318:Donner 1994
1282:Adloff 1964
1253:Hanley 2016
1241:Hanley 2016
1229:Hanley 2016
1217:Hanley 2016
1205:Hanley 2016
1193:Hanley 2016
1181:Hanley 2016
1166:Dailey 2021
1154:Hanley 2016
1074:Hanley 2016
1062:Hanley 2016
1023:Ăiftçi 2019
960:Sonyel 1991
945:Sonyel 1991
933:Sonyel 1991
909:Sonyel 1991
894:Sonyel 1991
879:Hanley 2016
867:Karpat 1974
468:within the
451:bride price
440:Addis Ababa
244:Zoroastrian
101:citizenship
97:nationality
4710:Categories
4346:San Marino
4326:Montenegro
4291:Azerbaijan
4205:Luxembourg
4070:Uzbekistan
4040:Tajikistan
3945:Kyrgyzstan
3940:Kazakhstan
3900:East Timor
3875:Bangladesh
3697:Greenland
3672:Costa Rica
3574:Somaliland
3559:Seychelles
3524:Mozambique
3509:Mauritania
3494:Madagascar
3449:The Gambia
3384:Cape Verde
3188:"Djibouti"
3131:4644014241
2959:. London:
2751:5792451223
2598:6883463202
2536:5545100093
2377:HeinOnline
2237:News 4 Jax
2208:6895438010
2014:5112985951
1919:7290793879
1821:1149023011
1787:Civil Code
1774:Manby 2016
1585:Ronen 1975
1534:André 2016
1435:Merle 2002
1423:Saada 2012
1357:Saada 2012
1330:Niort 2007
1306:Niort 2007
975:Smith 2021
831:Quinn 2009
816:Manby 2016
804:Manby 2016
792:Manby 2016
780:Manby 2016
768:Manby 2016
756:Vafai 2009
744:Vafai 2009
732:Manby 2016
717:Manby 2016
698:Manby 2016
686:Manby 2016
671:Manby 2016
659:Manby 2016
647:Rosas 1994
623:Manby 2016
608:USOPM 2001
589:Manby 2016
572:References
445:Under the
419:Civil Code
379:foundlings
275:beratlılar
85:Djiboutian
47:Long title
4584:By result
4386:Australia
4200:Lithuania
4030:Sri Lanka
4020:Singapore
4000:Palestine
3910:Indonesia
3845:Venezuela
3790:Argentina
3750:St. Lucia
3735:Nicaragua
3710:Guatemala
3514:Mauritius
3287:11 August
3259:11 August
3235:11 August
3173:cite book
3115:0955-2340
3101:: 56â66.
2939:769971121
2923:0020-5893
2877:0583-8266
2863:: 19â45.
2825:780462390
2817:0099-1112
2735:1537-6370
2721:: 77â97.
2606:157099264
2582:2376-0699
2541:10 August
2520:0304-2243
2484:220709847
2476:437606336
2468:0392-1921
2454:: 34â53.
2415:Routledge
2373:875321407
2297:772667063
2289:0008-0055
2216:144630105
2200:0144-039X
2184:Routledge
2151:2619-9300
2124:3 January
2119:205909023
2103:1537-6370
2089:: 52â74.
2062:11 August
2057:883018467
2049:0008-0055
2006:0001-9909
1903:1252-7017
1869:643624216
855:Abir 1968
577:Citations
562:etymology
436:rail line
372:When the
4694:Category
4606:Internal
4601:Passport
4567:Ius soli
4497:Mercosur
4406:Kiribati
4245:Slovenia
4240:Slovakia
4230:Portugal
4120:Bulgaria
4050:Thailand
3995:Pakistan
3970:Mongolia
3965:Malaysia
3890:Cambodia
3835:Suriname
3825:Paraguay
3810:Colombia
3720:Honduras
3682:Dominica
3657:Barbados
3633:Americas
3624:Zimbabwe
3594:Tanzania
3439:Ethiopia
3434:Eswatini
3414:Djibouti
3379:Cameroon
3364:Botswana
3281:Archived
3273:Refworld
3249:Refworld
3226:Archived
3123:26195448
3010:(1994).
2944:23 April
2882:23 April
2829:Archived
2743:42843233
2668:Archived
2528:41965757
2514:: 9â35.
2450:for the
2439:Diogenes
2242:Archived
2155:Archived
2111:42843081
1954:Archived
1911:26242544
1874:9 August
528:polygamy
428:jus soli
232:Tadjoura
212:Ethiopia
175:renounce
123:By birth
105:jus soli
4642:Defunct
4469:Vanuatu
4379:Oceania
4361:Ukraine
4316:Moldova
4306:Georgia
4296:Belarus
4286:Andorra
4281:Armenia
4276:Albania
4235:Romania
4180:Ireland
4175:Iceland
4170:Hungary
4160:Germany
4150:Finland
4145:Estonia
4140:Denmark
4125:Croatia
4115:Belgium
4110:Austria
4075:Vietnam
3975:Myanmar
3960:Lebanon
3870:Bahrain
3840:Uruguay
3815:Ecuador
3795:Bolivia
3725:Jamaica
3705:Grenada
3652:Bahamas
3604:Tunisia
3569:Somalia
3554:Senegal
3539:Nigeria
3529:Namibia
3519:Morocco
3484:Liberia
3479:Lesotho
3429:Eritrea
3399:Comoros
3374:Burundi
3349:Algeria
3136:27 June
2838:26 July
2756:25 June
2611:26 June
2489:25 June
2302:29 June
2248:27 June
2161:26 June
1963:9 April
1924:29 June
355:Turkish
319:Turkish
299:consuls
271:Turkish
228:Rahayta
197:History
139:orphans
75:Status:
4446:Tuvalu
4356:Turkey
4351:Serbia
4341:Russia
4321:Monaco
4311:Kosovo
4255:Sweden
4225:Poland
4220:Norway
4190:Latvia
4165:Greece
4155:France
4130:Cyprus
4089:Europe
4055:Turkey
4045:Taiwan
3950:Kuwait
3935:Jordan
3925:Israel
3885:Brunei
3880:Bhutan
3820:Guyana
3800:Brazil
3740:Panama
3730:Mexico
3667:Canada
3662:Belize
3619:Zambia
3609:Uganda
3544:Rwanda
3499:Malawi
3459:Guinea
3354:Angola
3342:Africa
3198:
3157:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3072:
3047:
3022:
2996:
2967:
2937:
2931:758412
2929:
2921:
2875:
2823:
2815:
2779:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2692:
2660:
2636:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2421:
2396:
2371:
2342:
2321:
2295:
2287:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2149:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2055:
2047:
2012:
2004:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1867:
1844:467154
1842:
1819:
491:French
391:French
367:francs
349:. The
323:berats
263:millet
248:sultan
230:, and
224:Gobaad
4441:Tonga
4431:Samoa
4421:Palau
4401:Nauru
4250:Spain
4210:Malta
4185:Italy
4080:Yemen
4035:Syria
4010:Qatar
3980:Nepal
3930:Japan
3905:India
3895:China
3805:Chile
3783:South
3715:Haiti
3640:North
3589:Sudan
3534:Niger
3489:Libya
3474:Kenya
3454:Ghana
3444:Gabon
3419:Egypt
3359:Benin
3229:(PDF)
3214:(PDF)
3119:JSTOR
2927:JSTOR
2853:(PDF)
2832:(PDF)
2795:(PDF)
2739:JSTOR
2671:(PDF)
2654:(PDF)
2602:S2CID
2586:JSTOR
2524:JSTOR
2480:S2CID
2212:S2CID
2107:JSTOR
1957:(PDF)
1938:(PDF)
1907:JSTOR
514:Notes
363:Obock
301:, or
252:zimma
236:Shewa
4463:Guam
4396:Fiji
4100:and
3990:Oman
3955:Laos
3920:Iraq
3915:Iran
3858:Asia
3830:Peru
3677:Cuba
3599:Togo
3504:Mali
3394:Chad
3289:2021
3261:2021
3237:2021
3196:ISBN
3179:link
3155:ISBN
3138:2021
3127:OCLC
3111:ISSN
3070:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3020:ISBN
2994:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2946:2021
2935:OCLC
2919:ISSN
2884:2021
2873:ISSN
2840:2021
2821:OCLC
2813:ISSN
2777:ISBN
2758:2021
2747:OCLC
2731:ISSN
2690:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2634:ISBN
2613:2021
2594:OCLC
2578:ISSN
2543:2021
2532:OCLC
2516:ISSN
2491:2021
2472:OCLC
2464:ISSN
2419:ISBN
2394:ISBN
2369:OCLC
2340:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2304:2021
2293:OCLC
2285:ISSN
2250:2021
2204:OCLC
2196:ISSN
2163:2021
2147:ISSN
2126:2021
2115:OCLC
2099:ISSN
2064:2021
2053:OCLC
2045:ISSN
2010:OCLC
2002:ISSN
1965:2021
1926:2021
1915:OCLC
1899:ISSN
1876:2021
1865:OCLC
1861:XIII
1840:OCLC
1817:OCLC
1789:2018
1738:1981
343:Aden
289:and
3103:doi
2911:doi
2865:doi
2723:doi
2570:doi
2456:doi
2277:doi
2188:doi
2091:doi
2037:doi
1992:doi
1984:110
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