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collectively. The first steps after the 1953–1956 land reform were the encouragement by the government of labor exchanges in which farmers would unite to exchange labor; secondly in 1958 and 1959 was the formation of "low level cooperatives" in which farmers cooperated in production. By 1961, 86 percent of farmers were members of low-level cooperatives. The third step beginning in 1961 was to organize "high level cooperatives", true collective farming in which land and resources were utilized collectively without individual ownership of land. By 1971, the great majority of farmers in North
Vietnam were organized into high-level cooperatives. After the reunification of Vietnam, collective farms were abandoned gradually in the 1980s and 1990s.
2453:, the anti-French nationalists, and a catholic group known as the "Catholic Soldiers". On 19 June 1946, the Việt Minh Journal reportedly vehemently criticized "reactionaries sabotage the Franco-Vietnamese preliminary agreement on 6 March". Shortly thereafter, Võ Nguyễn Giáp began a campaign to pursue opposition parties by police and military forces controlled by the Việt Minh with the help of the French authorities. He also used soldiers, Japanese officers who had volunteered to stay in Vietnam and some of the supplies provided by France (in Hòn Gai French troops provided the Việt Minh with cannons to kill some of the positions commanded by the Great Occupation) in this campaign.
94:
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808:
2700:
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and (3) purchase with payment in bonds. The land reform was carried out from 1953 to 1956. Some farming areas did not undergo land reform but only rent reduction and the highland areas occupied by minority peoples were not substantially impacted. Some land was retained by the government but most was distributed without payment with priority given to Viet Minh fighters and their families. The total number of rural people impacted by the land reform program was more than 4 million. The rent reduction program impacted nearly 8 million people.
3387:
2300:
110:
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2401:. In January 1946, the Việt Minh held an nationwide election across all the provinces to establish a National Assembly. Public enthusiasm for this event suggests that the Việt Minh league enjoyed a great deal of popularity at this time, although there were few competitive races and the party makeup of the Assembly was determined in advance of the vote. Despite not joining the election, Việt Cách and Việt Quốc were given 70 seats in the National Assembly in an effort to establish an inclusive government.
2588:, the man credited with the campaign, rejected the notion that his campaign had much effect on popular sentiment. The Viet Minh sought to detain or otherwise prevent would-be refugees from leaving, such as through intimidation through military presence, shutting down ferry services and water traffic, or prohibiting mass gatherings. Concurrently, between 14,000 and 45,000 civilians and approximately 100,000 Viet Minh fighters moved in the opposite direction.
2561:
2292:
3373:
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200,000. However, other scholarship has concluded that the higher estimates were based on political propaganda which also emanated from South
Vietnam with the support of the US, and that the actual total of those executed was significantly lower. Scholar Balasz Szalontai wrote that documents of Hungarian diplomats living in North Vietnam at the time of the land reform provided a minimum number of 1,337 executions. This is consistent with
877:
960:
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2380:, choosing the national anthem and selecting the National Committee for the Liberation of Vietnam, which later became the Provisional Revolutionary Government led by Hồ Chí Minh. On 12 September 1945, the first British troops arrived in Saigon, and on 23 September 1945, French troops occupied the police stations, the post office, and other public buildings. The salient political fact of life in Northern Vietnam was that the
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859:
826:
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excesses of the land reform broke out in
November 1956 in one largely Catholic rural district, leading to 1,000 deaths or injuries, and several thousand imprisoned. As part of the correction campaign, as many as 23,748 political prisoners were released by North Vietnam by September 1957. By 1958, the correction campaign had resulted in the return of land to many of those harmed by the land reform.
2725:. In recognising the traditional separatism of tribal minorities, this policy of accommodationism gave them self-government in exchange for acceptance of Hanoi's control. These regions existed from 1955 but following the merger of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of South Vietnam the system of autonomous regions was not continued and were fully abolished by 1978.
3263:, these "unsolved problems" revolved around grants given by the Japanese State to North Vietnam. Between 1973 and 1975 the Japanese and North Vietnamese governments held over 20 both official and unofficial meetings, on 6 October 1975 both sides finally reached and agreement and the Japanese would provide the North Vietnamese with an endowment worth 13.5 billion
3351:
apologised and acknowledged the serious errors the government had made in the land reform. Too many farmers, he also said, had been incorrectly classified as "landlords" and executed or imprisoned and too many mistakes has been made in the process of redistributing land. Severe rioting protesting the
2443:
on 15 June 1946, in one way or another, Võ Nguyễn Giáp decided that the Việt Minh had to completely control the government. Võ Nguyễn Giáp is in immediate action with the goal of spreading Việt Minh leadership: the Allied Powers are supported by the
Vietnamese Nationalist Party (according to Cecil B.
2030:
announcing in July 1955 that the State of
Vietnam would not participate in elections, claiming that it had not signed the Geneva Accords and was therefore not bound by it, and raising concerns that an unfair election would occur under the Việt Minh governance in North Vietnam. In October 1955, Diệm's
1935:
on 2 September 1945 and proclaimed the creation of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The Việt Minh (formally the "League for the Independence of Vietnam"), led by communists, socialists, nationalists and even progressive elements of the landowning class was created in 1941 and designed to appeal to
3330:
However, it was carried out with violence and repression primarily directed against large landowners identified, sometimes incorrectly, as landlords. Executions and imprisonment of persons classified as "reactionary and evil landlords" were contemplated from the beginning of the land reform program.
2371:
The
Democratic Republic of Vietnam claimed all of Vietnam, but during this time Southern Vietnam was in profound political disorder. The successive collapse of French, then Japanese power, followed by the disputes among the political factions in Saigon, had been accompanied by widespread violence in
3313:
Land reform was an integral part of the Viet Minh and communist
Democratic Republic of Vietnam. A Viet Minh Land Reform Law of 4 December 1953 called for (1) confiscation of land belonging to landlords who were enemies of the regime; (2) requisition of land from landlords not judged to be enemies;
3245:. Implementation, however, was delayed by North Vietnamese demands that Japan pay the equivalent of US$ 45 million in World War II reparations in two yearly installments, in the form of "economic cooperation" grants. Giving in to the Vietnamese demands, Japan paid the money and opened an embassy in
3434:
Although former emperor Bao Dai was also popular at this time and won a seat in the
Assembly, the election did not allow voters to express a preference between Bao Dai and Ho Chi Minh. It was held publicly in northern and central Vietnam, but secretly in Cochinchina, the southern third of Vietnam.
3360:
The ultimate objective of the land reform program of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam government was not to achieve equitable distribution of farmland but rather the organization of all farmers into co-operatives in which land and other factors of agricultural production would be owned and used
3221:
of the 1960s and 1970s, Japan consistently encouraged a negotiated settlement at the earliest possible date. Even before the hostilities ended, it had made contact with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) government and had reached an agreement to establish diplomatic relations in
2384:
occupied it, and the Chinese presence had forced Hồ Chí Minh and the Việt Minh to accommodate Chinese-supported Viet Nationalists. In June 1946, Chinese Nationalist troops evacuated Hanoi, and on 15 June, the last detachments embarked at Haiphong. After the departure of the British in 1946, the
3335:
document dated 4 May 1953 said that the planned executions were "fixed in principle at the ratio of one per one thousand people of the total population". The number of persons actually executed by cadre carrying out the land reform program has been variously estimated, with some ranging up to
162:
2456:
When France declared Cochinchina, the southern third of Vietnam, a separate state as the "Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina" in June 1946, Vietnamese nationalists reacted with fury. In November, the National Assembly adopted the first Constitution of the Republic.
1971:, stipulating general elections scheduled for July 1956 to "bring about the unification of Viet-Nam". The northern zone was controlled by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and became commonly called North Vietnam, while the southern zone, under control of the
2479:
3326:
and rich peasants. By 1960, there were 40,000 cooperatives spanning nearly nine-tenths of all farmland. The program, proceeded by a Three Year Plan (1957–1960), lifted agricultural production to 5.4 million tonnes or over double pre-Indochina War levels.
2996:
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was diplomatically isolated by many capitalist states, and many other anti-communist states worldwide throughout most of the North's history, as these states extended recognition only to the anti-communist government of
3222:
September 1973. On 21 September 1973, Japan and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) signed the "Exchange of Notes Concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Japan and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam" in
2448:
and, according to David G. Marr, the Vietnamese Communist Party under Hồ Chí Minh tried to ban the Vietnamese Nationalist Party) Võ Nguyễn Giáp gradually sought to marginalize the opposition such as the pro-Japan nationalist groups, the
3681:
Guillemot, François (2004). "Au coeur de la fracture vietnamienne : l'élimination de l'opposition nationaliste et anticolonialiste dans le Nord du Vietnam (1945–1946)". In Goscha, Christopher E.; de Tréglodé, Benoît (eds.).
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There was minimal campaigning and most voters had no idea who the candidates were. In many districts, a single candidate ran unopposed. Party representation in the Assembly was publicly announced before the election was held.
4618:
3424:
No clear number due to internal turmoil in 1945, circa 20 million population based on last reliable estimate of 22.6 million people in 1943 (Barbieri, p.625) and her estimate of 400,000 to 2 million dying from 1944–45
3888:"Lời tuyên bố truyền thanh của Thủ tướng Chánh phủ ngày 16-7-1955 về hiệp định Genève và vấn đề thống nhất đất nước". "Tuyên ngôn của Chánh phủ Quốc gia Việt Nam ngày 9-8-1954 về vấn đề thống nhất lãnh thổ". In
4012:
2263:("Great South"). In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". The name is also sometimes rendered as "Viet Nam" in English. The term "North Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the
3211:
3203:
2335:, and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed on 2 September 1945 establishing independence and a new government for the entire country, replacing French rule and the Nguyễn dynasty.
3086:. By December 1972, 49 countries had established diplomatic relations with North Vietnam, and in 1973 more countries such as France established or reestablished their relations with the DRV.
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In early 1956, North Vietnam initiated a "correction of errors" which put an end to the land reform, and to rectify the mistakes and damage done. On 18 August 1956, North Vietnamese leader
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2138:
1901:
1546:
3709:
McHale, Shawn (2004). "Freedom, Violence, and the Struggle over the Public Arena in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1945–1958". In Goscha, Christopher E.; de Tréglodé, Benoît (eds.).
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Despite there not being any official diplomatic ties between Japan and North Vietnam between 1954 and 1973, private exchanges were gradually being rebuilt. In March 1955 the Japanese
1932:
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was reestablished, DRV lost control over major cities but still controlled scattered rural areas, so Việt Minh retreated to these areas (the Vietnamese people usually call these
5892:
5872:
2630:, governed South Vietnam for the next year. However it was seen as a vassal government of North Vietnam. North and South Vietnam were officially reunited on 2 July 1976 as the
3255:
With the re-establishment of relations between Japan and North Vietnam the Japanese agreed to resolve what are termed "unsolved problems", which after earlier negotiations in
3182:
3078:
In 1969, Sweden became the first Western country to extend full diplomatic recognition to North Vietnam. Many other Western countries followed suit in the 1970s, such as the
6035:
5897:
4890:
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2518:(1946–50), Chinese communist forces arrived on the border in 1949. Chinese aid revived the fortunes of the Viet Minh and transformed it from a guerrilla militia into a
1967:
that year ended the war and recognized Vietnamese independence. The Geneva Accords provisionally divided the country into a northern zone and a southern zone along the
4002:
3252:
Earlier, the Japanese already gave similar funding to the South Vietnamese, which also re-established official diplomatic relations with Japan during the same period.
7020:
3267:. Of this money, 8.5 billion yen would be used to purchase heavy farmland cultivation machinery as well as public works provided by Japanese-owned corporations.
184:
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310:
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The land reform program was a success in terms of distributing much land to poor and landless peasants and reducing or eliminating the land holdings of
3242:
4596:
3048:
however, relations between the DRV and Algeria were much closer as a result of clandestine weapon transfers from the former to the latter during the
2576:, with an estimated 60% of the north's one million Catholics fleeing south. The Catholic migration is attributed to an expectation of persecution of
4891:
Japan and Vietnam - Archival Records on Our History (Joint Project Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of Japan-Viet Nam Diplomatic Relations) (2018).
7378:
3671:(1953), Folder 11, Box 02, Douglas Pike Collection: Unit 13 – The Early History of Vietnam, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University.'
4822:
Gardner, Lloyd C. and Gittinger, Ted, Eds. (2004), "The Search for Peace in Vietnam, 1964–1968," Bryan, TX: Texas A&M University Press, p. 194
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2634:. The merged country's government was dominated by holdovers from North Vietnam, and adopted the North Vietnamese constitution, flag and anthem.
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After diplomatic relations were re-established, in 1975, Japan would open an embassy in Hanoi and North Vietnam would open an embassy in Tokyo.
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1943:
From the beginning, the communist-led Việt Minh sought to consolidate power by purging other nationalist groups. Meanwhile, France moved in to
17:
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209:
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the countryside. On 16 August 1945, Hồ Chí Minh organized the National Congress in Tân Trào. The Congress adopted 10 major policies of the
2083:
1824:
3148:
in Vietnam itself (1955–75). In addition to the Viet Cong in South Vietnam, other communist insurgencies also operated within neighboring
2674:
The country is divided into provinces (tỉnh), autonomous regions (khu tự trị), and centrally run cities (thành phố trực thuộc trung ương);
2018:, which did not sign the Geneva Accords, stated that it "shall continue to seek to achieve unity through free elections supervised by the
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Hansen, Peter (2009). "Bắc Di Cư: Catholic Refugees from the North of Vietnam, and Their Role in the Southern Republic, 1954–1959".
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2102:, who heavily supported South Vietnam militarily. The conflict spread to neighboring countries and North Vietnam supported the
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2689:— Article 78, Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam – 1959 (Điều 78, Hiến pháp Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa – 1959).
44:"Democratic Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. Not to be confused with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, commonly known as
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estimated the total number of executions at between 3,000 and 15,000 and later came up with a more precise figure of 13,500.
3168:, respectively. These insurgencies were aided by the North Vietnamese government, which sent troops to fight alongside them.
3120:. In 1964 the United States sent combat troops to South Vietnam to support the South Vietnamese government, but the U.S. had
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1477:
3923:
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93:
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on 11 October 1975, following the unification of North Vietnam and South Vietnam into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
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and restored the diplomatic relations between Japan and North Vietnam. On the Japanese side the document was signed by
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3340:'s report of a South Vietnamese government document released in 1959 that estimated around 1,500 executions. Scholar
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1987:
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Huynh, Ngoc H., "The Time-Honored Friendship: A History of Vietnamese-Algerian Relations (1946–2015)" 1 May 2016.
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After about 300 years of partition by feudal dynasties, Vietnam was again under one single authority in 1802 when
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2572:, more than one million North Vietnamese migrated to South Vietnam, under the U.S.-led evacuation campaign named
2193:
1687:
2444:
Currey, this organization borrows the revolutionary name of Vietnamese Nationalist Party of 1930 was founded by
2343:
was opposed to a return to French rule in Indochina, and the U.S. was supportive of the Viet Minh at this time.
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Pingali, and Vo-TungPrabhu and Vo-Tong Xuan (1992), "Vietnam: Decollectivization and Rice Productive Growth",
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Kerkvliet, Bendedict J. Tria (1998), "Wobbly Foundations" building co-operatives in rural Vietnam, 1955–61,"
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by the North Vietnamese government, as well as publicity employed by the Saigon government of the President
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The Vietnamese Nationalist Party and the Việt Cách Revolutionary Party were significantly less popular than
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3867:"Final Declaration of the Geneva Conference of the Problem of Restoring Peace in Indo-China, 21 July 1954
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from 1950 to 1957, perhaps reflecting Hanoi's deference to the Soviet line on the Yugoslav government of
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Szalontai, Balazs (2005), "Political and Economic Crisis in Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1955–1956",
3234:, the Japanese Ambassador to France, while for the North Vietnamese side the document was signed by the
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The official name of the North Vietnamese state was the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese:
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provided aid to and troops in support of North Vietnamese military activities. This was known as the
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1948:
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3029:, and North Vietnamese officials continued to be critical of Tito after relations were established.
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5055:"Politburo's Directive Issued on May 4, 1953, on some Special Issues regarding Mass Mobilization,"
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The autonomous regions of North Vietnam on a map of its provinces created by the government of the
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49:
4755:
Cima, R.J (1987). Vietnam: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 99.
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Economic growth around the world from ancient times to the present day: Statistical Tables. Part 1
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Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Movement in Indochina, A Study in the Exploitation of Nationalism
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and New Zealand also contributed troops and military aid to South Vietnam's war effort. China,
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As an ideologically Marxist-Leninist state, North Vietnam adopted a constitution modelled on
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against their respective US-supported governments. By 1973, the United States and its allies
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2584:. The CIA ran a propaganda campaign to get Catholics to come to the south. However Colonel
2514:(1946–54) followed, during which many urban areas fell under French control. Following the
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4096:"Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes – English Country Names and Code Elements"
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Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History
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Countries that recognized the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) as of 1973.
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2490:(seated, left) and other DRV leaders in a liberated zone of northern Vietnam during the
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Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963
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3001:. North Vietnam however, was recognized by almost all Communist countries, such as the
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The province is divided into districts (huyện), cities (thành phố), and towns (thị xã);
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would be established to help maintain unofficial relations between the two countries.
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5024:
5005:
4957:
4947:
4911:
4774:
4699:
4691:
4681:
4640:
4528:
4506:
4485:
4424:
4209:
4170:
4075:
4050:
4039:
3913:
3855:
3836:
3817:
3790:
3751:
3714:
3689:
3125:
3117:
2840:
2713:
2499:
2359:
2355:
2328:
2299:
2142:
2107:
1986:
Supervision of the implementation of the Geneva Accords was the responsibility of an
1956:
1912:
1897:
1697:
1459:
1176:
813:
616:
478:
284:
115:
7521:
4003:"Author Tim O'Brien, voice of the Vietnam War experience, slated to speak in Peters"
1096:
989:
167:
The administrative territory of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam according to the
7066:
6789:
6723:
6664:
6652:
6605:
6531:
6434:
6392:
5765:
5721:
5508:
5389:
5338:
5038:
4632:
4463:
4403:
4162:
3743:
3538:
3455:
3121:
2775:
2205:
2023:
1976:
1885:
1766:
1510:
1448:
1320:
1106:
848:
831:
31:
3905:
Vietnamese Communists' Relations with China and the Second Indochina War (1956–62)
3062:
2564:
Viet Minh troops returning to Hanoi after the French withdrawal on October 9, 1954
2548:
1677:
1126:
7108:
6620:
6496:
6429:
5743:
5726:
5396:
5075:
4600:
4577:
4554:
4333:
4237:
4230:
4216:
3903:
3873:
3862:
3843:
3668:
3405:
3386:
3260:
3227:
3149:
3026:
2780:
2585:
2577:
2377:
2036:
1865:
1360:
778:
302:
251:
189:
99:
2770:
2752:
2670:"The administrative units in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam are as follows:
1290:
7481:
7046:
6794:
6561:
5839:
4350:
3378:
3341:
3153:
2619:
2134:
2019:
1893:
1869:
1800:
1781:
1560:
1330:
4703:
4636:
4407:
4286:
Why Vietnam, Archimedes L.A Patti, Nhà xuất bản Đà Nẵng, 2008, trang 544 – 545
2790:
2428:
claimed there were places where people were forced to vote for the Việt Minh.
2424:(Việt Cách) which did not participate in the elections. Former Prime Minister
1861:
1270:
915:
353:
7623:
7561:
7071:
6982:
6861:
5566:
4961:
4695:
4673:
Ethnicity and multilingualism: The case of ethnic Tai in the Vietnamese state
4644:
4174:
3813:
Disunion: Anticommunist Nationalism and the Making of the Republic of Vietnam
3634:"Sapeque and Sapeque-Like Coins in Cochinchina and Indochina (交趾支那和印度支那穿孔錢幣)"
3337:
3105:
3083:
2998:
2704:
2648:
2519:
2373:
2256:
2215:
2123:
2079:
2044:
2027:
2015:
1980:
1889:
1532:
266:
224:
211:
172:
5361:
4467:
3747:
2728:
List of North Vietnamese autonomous regions and their subsidiary provinces:
1350:
1310:
1166:
7566:
7455:
7435:
6977:
5775:
5042:
4965:
4707:
4351:"The State of The World's Refugees 2000 – Chapter 4: Flight from Indochina"
3976:
3638:
Howard A. Daniel III (The Journal of East Asian Numismatics – Second issue)
3264:
3137:
3049:
3006:
3002:
2912:
2896:
2320:
2316:
2303:
Ho Chi Minh declaring independence at Ba Dinh Square on September 2nd, 1945
2238:
2181:
2087:
2063:
2011:
2007:
1881:
1657:
1647:
4893:"Japan and Vietnam § IV. Vietnam and Japan: Old Partners, New Partnership"
4398:
Tran, Thi Lien (November 2005). "The Catholic Question in North Vietnam".
2267:
provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts.
7295:
7280:
6927:
5342:
4811:
4345:
3392:
3348:
3218:
3165:
3141:
3133:
3116:. North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces and supplies were sent along the
3095:
3014:
2977:
2856:
2608:
2483:
2386:
2281:
2251:
2111:
2091:
2055:
1924:
1588:
979:
589:
576:
5149:
Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia
4503:
Operation Passage to Freedom: The United States Navy in Vietnam, 1954–55
4482:
Operation Passage to Freedom: The United States Navy in Vietnam, 1954–55
4304:
Stanley Karnow. Vietnam: A History. New York, NY. Penguin, 1991, p. 163.
3892:– Quyển II. Sở Báo chí Thông tin, Phủ Tổng thống. Saigon 1956. pp. 11–13
3032:
Several non-aligned countries also recognized North Vietnam. Similar to
2785:
2556:, which separated North and South Vietnam after the 1954 Geneva Accords.
2526:
in June 1950 transformed what had been an anti-colonial struggle into a
6805:
4619:"Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution"
4182:
3550:
3467:
3161:
2530:
battleground, with the U.S. providing financial support to the French.
2523:
2103:
2026:
strongly opposed the partition of the country, with its prime minister
1062:
1010:
1000:
3612:
Fledgling Financial Markets in Vietnam's Transition Economy, 1986–2003
2245:
2242:
6836:
5250:
Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam
5119:"The Myth of the bloodbath: North Vietnam's land reform reconsidered"
4767:
Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War
3332:
3285:
3256:
3157:
3109:
3099:
2952:
2624:
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
2560:
2439:, and the Việt Minh. When the Chinese nationalist army withdrew from
2351:
2291:
2095:
2071:
1928:
1920:
1021:
5069:
Lam Thanh Liem (2005), "Ho Chi Minh's Land Reform: Mistake or Crime"
4830:
4828:
4716:), Volume: 68-12, Section: A, page: 5117 Adviser: Katherine A. Bowie
4462:(3). Berkeley, California: University of California Press: 182–183.
4166:
3856:"Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam, July 20, 1954
3542:
3052:, with Algeria placing a draft resolution in the 1973 summit of the
2747:
2680:
The district is divided into communes (xã) and townships (thị trấn).
2339:
became leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. U.S. President
6997:
5432:
4933:"Chapter 2 - Japanese Attitudes Toward Vietnam - From 1973 to 1975"
3837:"Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam, 20 July 1954
3323:
3129:
3112:, in an attempt to annex South Vietnam and reunify Vietnam under a
2527:
2308:
2234:
2099:
1066:
959:
465:
5334:
Mass Mobilization in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1945–1960
4743:
Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif
4725:
4148:
2984:
7310:
5463:
5423:
5390:
Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
4825:
4605:
Weapons and Field Gear of the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong
3740:
Dynamics of the Cold War in Asia: Ideology, Identity, and Culture
3045:
2934:
2631:
2440:
2185:
2146:
1905:
1637:
866:
273:
45:
3104:
From 1960, the North Vietnamese government went to war with the
2137:
and saw South Vietnam come under the control of the Việt Cộng's
7086:
6878:
5378:
4795:
Indian Foreign Policy in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, 1947–1964,
3866:
3195:
3186:
The document establishing official bilateral relations between
3067:
2916:
2892:
1995:
1627:
1607:
27:
Former country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1945 to 1976
4982:, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 178–181
4836:
State succession and membership in international organizations
2533:
7300:
7270:
6669:
4186:
3246:
3223:
3191:
3187:
3033:
2852:
2836:
2683:
Administrative units in the autonomous region are statutory."
2568:
Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954 at the end of the
2332:
2059:
1991:
1597:
203:
7285:
7209:
7151:
5059:
Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer 2010), p. 243. Downloaded from JSTOR.
5025:"Nguyễn Thị Năm and the Land Reform in North Vietnam, 1953"
3018:
2319:
after 1883 and under Japanese occupation after 1940 during
2275:
4384:
Viet-nam, the first five years: an international symposium
3124:
there since 1950. Other nations, including Australia, the
2591:
2022:
to ensure that they are conducted fairly". Meanwhile, the
5090:"Political and Economic Crisis in North Vietnam, 1955–56"
3156:, both formerly part of the French colonial territory of
763:
4808:
CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal
4726:
Bruce M. Lockhart; William J. Duiker (2006). "Tây Bắc".
4582:
The National Flag of Viet Nam: Its Origin and Legitimacy
3515:
4838:. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001. pp. 68–92.
4274:"Quốc hội khóa 1 và những giây phút không thể nào quên"
3764:
4394:
4392:
2054:
Failure to unify the country by referendum led to the
5232:
Vol 40, No 4. p. 702, 706–707. Downloaded from JSTOR.
4665:
4663:
4661:
3789:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–63, 81–85.
3210:
was established. Meanwhile, in 1965 North Vietnamese
2552:
View from the northern side of the bridge across the
2058:
in 1955. Supported by their communist allies, mainly
3368:
2376:, passing the General Uprising Order, selecting the
1873:
5219:, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 193–197. Downloaded from JSTOR
4389:
4307:
2416:. The two other parties in the government were the
4741:Jean Michaud (2006). "Tay Bac Autonomous Region".
4658:
4032:
4030:
4000:
3736:"The Early South Vietnamese Critique of Communism"
3711:Naissance d'un État-Parti: Le Viêt Nam depuis 1945
3685:Naissance d'un État-Parti: Le Viêt Nam depuis 1945
2735:(Khu tự trị Thái – Mèo, 1955–1962), later renamed
2255:), a name used in ancient times. In 1839, Emperor
2169:in 1979. The expanded Socialist Republic retained
4122:"Báo Nhân Dân – Phiên bản tiếng Việt – Trang chủ"
3520:
3518:
2460:
7621:
4849:"The History Place — Vietnam War 1945–1960"
4797:Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 194
3908:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p.
2988:DRV delegation led by Ho Chi Minh on a visit to
922:
920:
906:
147:
131:
65:
5271:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946)
4505:. Lubbock, Texas: Texas Tech University Press.
4484:. Lubbock, Texas: Texas Tech University Press.
4027:
3816:. University of Hawaiʻi Press. pp. 24–30.
3688:. Paris: Les Indes savantes. pp. 175–216.
2286:
2145:on 2 July 1976 and the creation of the current
1896:and ceased to exist the following year when it
4423:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
3901:
3593:
3056:calling on its members to support the DRV and
2412:which voted for the first time and passed the
7670:States and territories disestablished in 1976
6821:
5448:
4995:Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 401. Downloaded from JSTOR.
4712:Source: Dissertation Abstracts International(
4347:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
3713:. Paris: Les Indes savantes. pp. 81–99.
2800:(Khu tự trị Lào-Hà-Yên), established in 1957.
1894:emerged victorious over South Vietnam in 1975
1818:
4740:
4669:
3895:
3738:. In Vu, Tuong; Wongsurawat, Wasana (eds.).
2762:(Khu tự trị Việt Bắc), established in 1956.
4916:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3206:was created and in August of that year the
2657:
2534:Provisional military demarcation of Vietnam
2153:, the unified Vietnamese state experienced
175:but not controlled is shown in light green.
7665:States and territories established in 1945
6828:
6814:
5455:
5441:
5292:Hanoi's Road to the Vietnam War, 1954–1965
4937:Japanese Relations with Vietnam, 1951-1987
4289:
3470:. However, the DRV did not cease to exist.
2637:
2074:(Việt Cộng) guerrillas fought against the
2072:National Liberation Front of South Vietnam
1825:
1811:
37:"NVN" redirects here. For other uses, see
5360:
5230:Economic Development and Cultural Change,
4930:
4841:
4386:. Michigan State University Press. p. 49.
4295:Sexton, Michael "War for the Asking" 1981
3680:
3572:"The Manpower Situation in North Vietnam"
3462:). DRV during this time was considered a
2602:
653:331,212 km (127,882 sq mi)
6835:
5330:
3527:"La situation démographique du Viêt Nam"
3524:
3181:
3178:Japan–Vietnam relations § 1946–1976
3061:
2983:
2967:
2959:
2698:
2559:
2547:
2478:
2475:Flag of the DRV during the Indochina War
2470:
2345:
2298:
2295:The North Vietnamese government in 1946.
2290:
2276:Leadership under Hồ Chí Minh (1945–1969)
2084:United States intervened in the conflict
669:157,880 km (60,960 sq mi)
661:157,880 km (60,960 sq mi)
5522:
5309:
5288:
5184:
5182:
3890:Con đường Chính nghĩa: Độc lập, Dân chủ
3884:
3882:
2592:Presidency of Tôn Đức Thắng (1969–1976)
2080:other countries from becoming communist
14:
7635:Former countries in Vietnamese history
7622:
5253:. University of North Carolina Press.
5246:
4980:Land Reform in China and North Vietnam
4812:https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/214
4764:
4453:
4001:Diana Nelson Jones (3 November 2018).
3938:
3742:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 17–32.
3708:
3626:
3454:until French defeat in 1954, when the
2711:North Vietnam established a system of
7690:Former polities of the Indochina Wars
6809:
6041:National Defense and Security Council
5436:
5087:
4855:from the original on 17 December 2008
4522:
4516:
4128:from the original on 26 February 2009
4069:
4036:
3947:
3733:
3608:
3355:
3044:(formal) recognition. In the case of
2845:Democratic People's Republic of Korea
2694:
2652:1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union
2325:Japan surrendered on 2 September 1945
2228:
1872:that existed from 1945 to 1976, with
5462:
5267:
5179:
5126:Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars
4745:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 232–233.
4730:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 355–356.
4434:
4313:
4146:
3879:
3809:
3782:
3770:
3212:Vietnam–Japan Friendship Association
3204:Japan–Vietnam Friendship Association
2804:
2139:Provisional Revolutionary Government
1547:Provisional Revolutionary Government
1158:
138:"Independence – Freedom – Happiness"
5868:Permanent Member of the Secretariat
4402:(London: Routledge) 5 (4): 427–49.
4199:Pentagon Papers Retrieved 28/09/12
24:
7685:Former countries in Southeast Asia
5295:. University of California Press.
5274:. University of California Press.
5239:
5145:
5116:
5022:
4624:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
4616:
4149:"Franklin Roosevelt and Indochina"
4147:Hess, Gary R. (1 September 1972).
4041:Vietnam: A Global Studies Handbook
4015:from the original on 4 August 2021
2815:the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
2315:, but the country became a French
2233:) was the name adopted by Emperor
1884:, it opposed the French-supported
25:
7701:
7680:1976 disestablishments in Vietnam
5371:
5313:Vietnam's American War: A History
4714:ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
4363:from the original on 14 June 2007
4102:from the original on 19 June 2012
3926:from the original on 13 July 2017
3005:and other Socialist countries of
2366:
2130:by the superior Northern forces.
5873:History of central officeholders
5377:
5023:Vo, Alex Thai D. (Winter 2015).
3385:
3371:
3089:
2739:(Khu tự trị Tây Bắc, 1962–1975)
2721:) similar to (and based on) the
2613:
2076:Military Forces of South Vietnam
2002:, respectively representing the
1794:
1491:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
958:
875:
857:
824:
806:
161:
108:
92:
6675:Traditional musical instruments
5414:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
5337:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
5222:
5209:
5200:
5191:
5170:
5139:
5110:
5081:
5062:
5049:
5016:
4998:
4985:
4972:
4924:
4816:
4800:
4787:
4758:
4749:
4734:
4719:
4678:University of Wisconsin–Madison
4610:
4587:
4564:
4541:
4495:
4474:
4447:
4413:
4376:
4339:
4319:
4298:
4280:
4266:
4253:
4244:
4222:
4202:
4193:
4140:
4114:
4088:
4074:. Berghahn Books. p. 213.
4063:
3994:
3969:
3956:
3849:
3830:
3803:
3776:
3727:
3702:
3674:
3652:
3428:
3208:Japan–Vietnam Trade Association
2642:
2410:the nationwide General Election
2237:in 1804. It is a variation of "
2214:). The South was known as the "
1945:reassert its colonial dominance
30:For the region of Vietnam, see
7675:1945 establishments in Vietnam
7334:Azerbaijan People's Government
5316:. Cambridge University Press.
5057:Journal of Vietnamese Studies,
4810:, University of Pennsylvania,
3602:
3587:
3564:
3495:
3482:
3473:
3444:
3418:
3298:
3036:, most accorded North Vietnam
2737:Northwestern Autonomous Region
2461:During the First Indochina War
1955:in December 1946. During this
1842:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1501:Provisional Central Government
921:
896:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
61:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
18:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
13:
1:
5893:Central Inspection Commission
5424:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
5247:Nguyen, Lien-Hang T. (2012).
5030:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
4525:War and Revolution in Vietnam
4456:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
3508:
2990:Socialist Republic of Romania
2972:Ho Chi Minh with East German
2632:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
2626:, or Vietcong, alongside the
2502:and the deterioration of the
2404:On 6 January 1946, President
2147:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
2035:, which was widely marred by
1906:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
1888:and later the Western-allied
688:
631:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
4670:Mukdawijitra, Yukti (2007).
3865:, accessed 15 October 2015;
3309:Land reform in North Vietnam
3190:and North Vietnam signed in
2798:Lào-Hà-Yên Autonomous Region
2574:Operation Passage to Freedom
2540:Operation Passage to Freedom
2516:Chinese Communist Revolution
2422:Vietnam Revolutionary League
2418:Vietnamese Nationalist Party
2385:French controlled a part of
2287:Proclamation of the republic
2199:
2194:collapse of the Soviet Union
2151:aftermath of the Vietnam War
2104:Lao People’s Liberation Army
1936:a wider population than the
1618:Cát Tiên archaeological site
311:Leader of the Worker's Party
7:
7374:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
6036:Central Military Commission
5898:Central Military Commission
4765:Morris, Stephen J. (1999).
4654:– via Cambridge Core.
4154:Journal of American History
3580:Central Intelligence Agency
3488:as General Secretary, also
3364:
3273:
3241:of North Vietnam to France
3226:, this document was in the
2813:International Relations of
2723:autonomous regions of China
2039:, to depose Chief of State
1951:, eventually prompting the
1938:Indochinese Communist Party
1551:(Republic of South Vietnam)
133:Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
10:
7706:
7660:Former socialist republics
6004:Supreme People's Procuracy
5154:Cambridge University Press
5097:Cold War History (journal)
4931:Shiraishi, Masaya (1990).
4897:National Archives of Japan
4382:Lindholm, Richard (1959).
4037:Woods, L. Shelton (2002).
3876:, accessed 15 October 2015
3846:, accessed 15 October 2015
3786:The Vietnam War Reexamined
3609:Vuong, Quan Hoang (2004).
3317:
3302:
3293:
3283:
3277:
3175:
3093:
2760:Việt Bắc Autonomous Region
2733:Thái-Mèo Autonomous Region
2661:
2606:
2595:
2537:
2464:
2279:
2270:
2203:
2182:Eastern Bloc organisations
1963:. The negotiations in the
1876:being fully recognized in
1281:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
43:
36:
29:
7608:
7469:
7401:
7326:
7233:
7202:
7116:
7105:
7034:
7013:
6844:
6767:
6542:
6443:
6351:
6342:
6315:
6142:
6133:
6092:
6049:
6026:
5984:
5951:
5906:
5848:
5803:
5794:
5712:
5669:
5590:
5581:
5474:
5419:
5412:
5404:
5078:, accessed 4 October 2015
4771:Stanford University Press
4637:10.1017/S0022463414000083
4617:Vu, Tuong (19 May 2014).
4408:10.1080/14682740500284747
4261:Decolonization since 1945
3783:Kort, Michael G. (2017).
3525:Barbieri, Magali (1995).
2811:
2226:Vietnamese pronunciation:
2212:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
2124:unsupported South Vietnam
1892:(South Vietnam). The DRV
1854:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
923:
914:
908:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
907:
900:
895:
785:
770:
757:
747:
729:
725:
715:
705:
695:
682:
678:
673:
665:
657:
649:
644:
640:
627:
612:
599:
586:
573:
560:
542:
529:
514:
501:
488:
475:
471:
462:Aftermath of World War II
457:
447:
443:
431:
419:
415:
405:
401:
389:
377:
373:
363:
359:
347:
335:
323:
319:
309:
293:
272:
262:
250:
240:
196:
180:
160:
148:
142:
132:
126:
88:
83:
67:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
59:
5395:11 February 2006 at the
5310:Asselin, Pierre (2018).
5289:Asselin, Pierre (2013).
5074:18 February 2013 at the
4978:Moise, Edwin E. (1983),
4944:Cornell University Press
4793:SarDesai, D. R. (1968),
4599:16 December 2017 at the
4501:Frankum, Ronald (2007).
4480:Frankum, Ronald (2007).
3964:Maoism: A Global History
3411:
3280:People's Army of Vietnam
3171:
3070:delegation visiting the
2658:Administrative divisions
2544:Geneva Conference (1954)
2504:Fontainebleau Agreements
2382:Chinese Nationalist Army
2378:national flag of Vietnam
2190:Đổi Mới economic reforms
2143:reunification of Vietnam
2068:People's Army of Vietnam
1988:international commission
1214:Trung sisters' rebellion
171:is shown in dark green;
50:Vietnam (disambiguation)
7384:North Korea (1947–1948)
7379:North Korea (1946–1947)
5331:Holcombe, Alec (2020).
5268:Marr, David G. (2013).
4576:6 November 2013 at the
4468:10.1525/vs.2009.4.3.173
4440:Truong Nhu Tang. 1986.
4219:1969 Retrieved 28/09/12
4070:Moses, A. Dirk (2008).
4008:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
3977:"Vietnam - The Economy"
3902:Ang Cheng Guan (1997).
3872:18 October 2015 at the
3861:22 October 2015 at the
3842:22 October 2015 at the
3748:10.1057/9780230101999_2
3594:A G Vinogradov (2015).
3198:, on 21 September 1973.
3080:government of Australia
2638:Government and politics
2399:Southern Resistance War
2327:, the Việt Minh in the
2161:and conflicts with the
2082:in Southeast Asia, the
1708:Principality of Hà Tiên
241:Official languages
7106:Current and historical
6485:Language and computers
6234:Science and Technology
5994:Supreme People's Court
5936:Deputy Prime Ministers
5727:Hong (Red) River Delta
5043:10.1525/vs.2015.10.1.1
3450:From the start of the
3305:Land reform in Vietnam
3199:
3075:
2993:
2981:
2965:
2708:
2686:
2622:on 30 April 1975, the
2603:During the Vietnam War
2565:
2557:
2522:. The outbreak of the
2495:
2476:
2363:
2304:
2296:
2211:
2135:ended on 30 April 1975
1979:, was commonly called
1904:to become the current
1853:
1589:Non-Vietnamese history
1341:4th Chinese domination
1244:3rd Chinese domination
1224:2nd Chinese domination
1204:1st Chinese domination
225:21.02833°N 105.85417°E
66:
48:; for other uses, see
6717:Person Dignity Theory
4728:The A to Z of Vietnam
4559:The Making of Vietnam
4527:. London: Routledge.
4523:Ruane, Kevin (1998).
4419:Jacobs, Seth (2006).
4098:. ISO. 6 April 2010.
3810:Tran, Nu-Anh (2022).
3185:
3094:Further information:
3072:Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
3065:
2987:
2971:
2963:
2702:
2668:
2628:North Vietnamese Army
2607:Further information:
2596:Further information:
2563:
2551:
2538:Further information:
2486:(seated, right) with
2482:
2474:
2465:Further information:
2397:since the end to the
2349:
2341:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2302:
2294:
2280:Further information:
2120:withdrew from the war
1961:French defeat in 1954
1933:declared independence
1537:(Republic of Vietnam)
1454:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
1442:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
1432:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
1422:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
533:Ho–Sainteny agreement
492:Abdication of Bảo Đại
7640:Communism in Vietnam
7611:History of socialism
6239:Traditional medicine
6117:Self-Defence Militia
5661:World Heritage Sites
5617:Environmental issues
5386:at Wikimedia Commons
5343:10.2307/j.ctv105bb0z
4680:. pp. 240–459.
4553:24 June 2016 at the
4231:The Viet-Minh Regime
4215:12 June 2011 at the
4045:. ABC-CLIO. p.
3734:Hoang, Tuan (2009).
3667:4 March 2014 at the
3479:as General Secretary
3054:Non-Aligned Movement
2664:Provinces of Vietnam
2420:(Việt Quốc) and the
2259:renamed the country
2043:and established the
1947:over Vietnam in the
1522:North–South division
1371:Later Lê Restoration
1077:Phùng Nguyên culture
575:• Start of the
519:Legislative election
39:NVN (disambiguation)
7645:First Indochina War
7547:Estonia (1918–1919)
7441:Hungary (1949–1989)
6712:Ho Chi Minh Thought
5888:Central Secretariat
5217:South East Research
5088:Szalontai, Balazs.
5037:(1): 9–10, 14, 36.
4593:Emering, Edward J.
4236:27 May 2016 at the
3944:Karnow, p. 223-224.
3773:, pp. 383–441.
3464:government-in-exile
3452:First Indochina War
3324:landlords (địa chủ)
3106:Republic of Vietnam
2885:Byelorussian S.S.R.
2570:First Indochina War
2512:First Indochina War
2498:In the wake of the
2492:First Indochina War
2467:First Indochina War
2391:South Central Coast
2216:Republic of Vietnam
2180:and memberships in
2141:, which led to the
2045:Republic of Vietnam
1953:First Indochina War
1890:Republic of Vietnam
1747:Historical capitals
1668:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
1015:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
994:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
902:Vietnamese alphabet
603:Paris Peace Accords
257:Vietnamese alphabet
230:21.02833; 105.85417
221: /
7512:Byelorussia (1919)
6751:Vietnamese studies
6463:Overseas community
6256:Telecommunications
6009:Procurator-General
5964:Standing Committee
5654:Endangered species
5206:Moise, pp. 155–159
5188:Moise, pp. 237–268
5146:Vu, Tuong (2010).
4946:. pp. 43–44.
4834:Bühler, Konrad G.
4442:A Viet Cong Memoir
4332:2009-05-11 at the
4327:Political Overview
3966:(2019) pp 223–265.
3501:as First Secretary
3401:History of Vietnam
3356:Collective farming
3232:Yoshihiro Nakayama
3200:
3108:via its proxy the
3076:
2994:
2982:
2966:
2714:autonomous regions
2709:
2695:Autonomous regions
2566:
2558:
2500:Hai Phong incident
2496:
2477:
2364:
2354:rally outside the
2305:
2297:
2230:[vjə̀tnam]
2033:its own referendum
1880:. A member of the
1874:formal sovereignty
1801:Vietnam portal
1418:French Cochinchina
1036:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
743:1960 estimate
303:socialist republic
185:Unrecognized state
169:1954 Geneva Accord
7617:
7616:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7397:
7396:
7139:Congo-Brazzaville
7035:Regional variants
6803:
6802:
6763:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6729:Traditional games
6413:Human trafficking
6338:
6337:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6022:
6021:
5959:National Assembly
5878:National Congress
5863:General Secretary
5858:Central Committee
5823:Foreign relations
5790:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5759:Central Highlands
5577:
5576:
5542:Chinese dominated
5431:
5430:
5420:Succeeded by
5408:Empire of Vietnam
5382:Media related to
5197:Szalontai, p. 401
4993:Cold War History,
4941:SEAP Publications
4570:Nguyễn, Sài Đình
4534:978-1-85728-323-5
4511:978-0-89672-608-6
4490:978-0-89672-608-6
4276:. 5 January 2016.
4259:Springhal, John,
3981:countrystudies.us
3919:978-0-7864-0404-9
3598:. pp. 88–89.
3492:between 1951–1969
3237:Charge d'Affaires
3160:. These were the
3126:Republic of Korea
3118:Ho Chi Minh trail
2958:
2957:
2805:Foreign relations
2395:Central Highlands
2360:August Revolution
2356:Hanoi Opera House
2329:August Revolution
2265:Geneva Conference
2174:political culture
2070:and the southern
2047:with Diệm as its
1965:Geneva Conference
1913:August Revolution
1864:: 越南民主共和), was a
1840:, officially the
1835:
1834:
1716:
1715:
1698:Sip Song Chau Tai
1579:
1578:
1552:
1538:
1492:
1468:
1467:
1460:Empire of Vietnam
1399:
1398:
1252:
1251:
1185:
1184:
1154:Hồng Bàng dynasty
1135:
1134:
1121:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
1111:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
1091:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
1081:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
1056:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
1046:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
1042:Quỳnh Văn culture
932:
931:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:
841:
840:
818:Empire of Vietnam
759:• Per capita
753:4,113 million USD
479:August Revolution
452:National Assembly
433:• 1955–1975
421:• 1945–1955
391:• 1969–1975
379:• 1945–1969
349:• 1960–1975
337:• 1956–1960
325:• 1945–1956
173:territory claimed
16:(Redirected from
7697:
7467:
7466:
7324:
7323:
7114:
7113:
7109:socialist states
6988:African-American
6830:
6823:
6816:
6807:
6806:
6783:
6776:
6441:
6440:
6349:
6348:
6180:Renewable energy
6170:
6162:
6140:
6139:
6047:
6046:
5846:
5845:
5818:Fatherland Front
5801:
5800:
5667:
5666:
5588:
5587:
5520:
5519:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5434:
5433:
5426:
5405:Preceded by
5402:
5401:
5381:
5366:
5364:
5327:
5306:
5285:
5264:
5233:
5226:
5220:
5213:
5207:
5204:
5198:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5177:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5123:
5117:Porter, Gareth.
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5094:
5085:
5079:
5066:
5060:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5002:
4996:
4989:
4983:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4915:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4888:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4845:
4839:
4832:
4823:
4820:
4814:
4804:
4798:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4667:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4614:
4608:
4591:
4585:
4568:
4562:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4520:
4514:
4499:
4493:
4492:. p. 159/160/190
4478:
4472:
4471:
4451:
4445:
4438:
4432:
4417:
4411:
4400:Cold War History
4396:
4387:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4362:
4355:
4343:
4337:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4270:
4264:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4242:
4226:
4220:
4208:Pentagon Papers
4206:
4200:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4044:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3973:
3967:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3899:
3893:
3886:
3877:
3853:
3847:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3678:
3672:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3522:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3456:French Indochina
3448:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3422:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
2921:Ukrainian S.S.R.
2809:
2808:
2690:
2508:reoccupied Hanoi
2232:
2227:
2206:Names of Vietnam
2192:in 1986 and the
2155:economic decline
2133:The Vietnam War
2031:government held
2024:State of Vietnam
1977:State of Vietnam
1949:aftermath of WW2
1927:, leader of the
1886:State of Vietnam
1827:
1820:
1813:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1594:
1593:
1550:
1536:
1511:State of Vietnam
1490:
1483:
1482:
1449:French Indochina
1414:
1413:
1351:Later Lê dynasty
1311:Later Lý dynasty
1301:Early Lê dynasty
1267:
1266:
1234:Early Lý dynasty
1200:
1199:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1117:Sa Huỳnh culture
1107:Dong Son culture
1087:Đồng Đậu culture
975:
974:
962:
952:
934:
933:
928:
927:
926:
925:
910:
909:
893:
892:
879:
878:
861:
860:
853:French Indochina
845:
844:
836:French Indochina
828:
827:
810:
809:
803:
802:
787:
786:
740:
690:
619:
595:2 September 1969
588:• Death of
556:
555:19 December 1946
550:
521:
510:2 September 1945
299:Marxist–Leninist
281:North Vietnamese
236:
235:
233:
232:
231:
226:
222:
219:
218:
217:
214:
199:and largest city
165:
153:
152:
135:
134:
112:
96:
78:
77:
69:
57:
56:
32:Northern Vietnam
21:
7705:
7704:
7700:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7596:
7577:Slovakia (1919)
7477:Alsace-Lorraine
7465:
7393:
7322:
7229:
7198:
7107:
7101:
7030:
7009:
6840:
6834:
6804:
6799:
6786:
6779:
6772:
6755:
6538:
6439:
6425:Public holidays
6408:Sex trafficking
6334:
6311:
6207:Five-Year Plans
6168:
6160:
6121:
6096:
6094:Public Security
6088:
6045:
6018:
6014:Military Courts
5980:
5947:
5902:
5850:Communist Party
5844:
5782:
5708:
5704:Electoral units
5665:
5622:Protected areas
5573:
5552:French colonial
5518:
5470:
5461:
5427:
5422:
5416:
5410:
5397:Wayback Machine
5374:
5369:
5353:
5324:
5303:
5282:
5261:
5242:
5240:Further reading
5237:
5236:
5227:
5223:
5214:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5187:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5164:
5156:. p. 103.
5144:
5140:
5130:
5128:
5121:
5115:
5111:
5101:
5099:
5092:
5086:
5082:
5076:Wayback Machine
5067:
5063:
5054:
5050:
5021:
5017:
5006:"North Vietnam"
5004:
5003:
4999:
4990:
4986:
4977:
4973:
4954:
4929:
4925:
4909:
4908:
4901:
4899:
4889:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4833:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4805:
4801:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4773:. p. 128.
4763:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4739:
4735:
4724:
4720:
4688:
4668:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4615:
4611:
4601:Wayback Machine
4592:
4588:
4578:Wayback Machine
4569:
4565:
4555:Wayback Machine
4547:Senauth, Frank
4546:
4542:
4535:
4521:
4517:
4500:
4496:
4479:
4475:
4452:
4448:
4439:
4435:
4418:
4414:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4377:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4353:
4344:
4340:
4334:Wayback Machine
4324:
4320:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4238:Wayback Machine
4228:Fall, Bernard,
4227:
4223:
4217:Wayback Machine
4210:Pentagon Papers
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4167:10.2307/1890195
4145:
4141:
4131:
4129:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4068:
4064:
4057:
4035:
4028:
4018:
4016:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3920:
3900:
3896:
3887:
3880:
3874:Wayback Machine
3863:Wayback Machine
3854:
3850:
3844:Wayback Machine
3835:
3831:
3824:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3781:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3679:
3675:
3669:Wayback Machine
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3640:. 20 April 2016
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3592:
3588:
3583:. January 1968.
3574:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3543:10.2307/1534398
3531:Magali Barbieri
3523:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3406:Captive Nations
3391:
3384:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3358:
3320:
3311:
3303:Main articles:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3261:Kingdom of Laos
3228:French language
3180:
3174:
3150:Kingdom of Laos
3114:communist party
3102:
3092:
3074:in Hanoi, 1975.
3027:Josip Broz Tito
2814:
2807:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2666:
2660:
2649:Joseph Stalin's
2645:
2640:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2586:Edward Lansdale
2546:
2536:
2469:
2463:
2446:Nguyễn Thái Học
2369:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2273:
2225:
2208:
2202:
2178:economic system
2128:swiftly overrun
2066:, the northern
2049:first president
2037:electoral fraud
1940:could command.
1866:socialist state
1831:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1726:
1718:
1717:
1591:
1581:
1580:
1549:
1535:
1489:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1381:Tây Sơn dynasty
1264:
1254:
1253:
1197:
1187:
1186:
1147:
1137:
1136:
1032:Bắc Sơn culture
972:
950:
943:
876:
870:
858:
852:
835:
825:
817:
807:
777:
760:
750:
734:
718:
708:
698:
685:
633:
620:
615:
608:27 January 1973
605:
592:
582:1 November 1955
579:
566:
554:
551:
545:
535:
522:
517:
507:
494:
481:
434:
422:
392:
380:
350:
338:
326:
289:
252:Official script
229:
227:
223:
220:
215:
212:
210:
208:
207:
206:
200:
190:Sovereign state
188:
176:
155:
137:
122:
121:
120:
117:
113:
105:
104:
102:
97:
79:
71:
64:
62:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7703:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7650:Indochina Wars
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
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5176:Balazs, p. 401
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4686:
4676:(PhD thesis).
4657:
4631:(2): 236–257.
4609:
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4563:
4561:, 2012, p. 54.
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4161:(2): 353–368.
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4081:978-1845454524
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3962:Julia Lovell,
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3953:Tucker, p.366.
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2204:Main article:
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2159:refugee crises
2020:United Nations
1990:consisting of
1975:non-communist
1923:revolutionary
1870:Southeast Asia
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6867:
6863:
6862:New Australia
6860:
6859:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6838:
6831:
6826:
6824:
6819:
6817:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6770:
6766:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6492:Ethnic groups
6490:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6386:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6325:Air transport
6323:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6314:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6212:Manufacturing
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6202:Foreign trade
6200:
6198:
6195:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6185:Nuclear power
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5999:Chief Justice
5997:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5841:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5754:South Central
5752:
5750:
5749:North Central
5747:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5699:Commune-level
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5568:
5567:South Vietnam
5565:
5563:
5562:North Vietnam
5560:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5458:
5453:
5451:
5446:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5425:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5384:North Vietnam
5380:
5376:
5375:
5363:
5358:
5354:
5352:9780824884475
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5329:
5325:
5323:9781316222591
5319:
5315:
5314:
5308:
5304:
5302:9780520956551
5298:
5294:
5293:
5287:
5283:
5281:9780520954977
5277:
5273:
5272:
5266:
5262:
5260:9780807882696
5256:
5252:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5231:
5225:
5218:
5212:
5203:
5194:
5185:
5183:
5173:
5165:
5163:9781139489010
5159:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5142:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5065:
5058:
5052:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5019:
5011:
5010:Alpha History
5007:
5001:
4994:
4988:
4981:
4975:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4919:
4913:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4837:
4831:
4829:
4819:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4796:
4790:
4782:
4780:9780804730495
4776:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4752:
4744:
4737:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4590:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4567:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4536:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4437:
4430:
4429:0-7425-4447-8
4426:
4422:
4416:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4385:
4379:
4359:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4322:
4315:
4310:
4301:
4292:
4283:
4275:
4269:
4262:
4256:
4247:
4241:(1956), p. 9.
4240:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4143:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4033:
4031:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3997:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3965:
3959:
3950:
3941:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3898:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3852:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3825:
3823:9780824887865
3819:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3796:9781107110199
3792:
3788:
3787:
3779:
3772:
3767:
3759:
3757:9780230101999
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3722:
3720:9782846540643
3716:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3695:9782846540643
3691:
3687:
3686:
3677:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3573:
3567:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3498:
3491:
3485:
3476:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3443:
3431:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3383:
3380:
3369:
3362:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:Gareth Porter
3334:
3328:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3097:
3090:South Vietnam
3087:
3085:
3084:Gough Whitlam
3081:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2999:South Vietnam
2991:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2824:Nation/State
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2717:(Vietnamese:
2716:
2715:
2706:
2705:United States
2701:
2691:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:Reunification
2610:
2599:
2598:Tôn Đức Thắng
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:Ngo Dinh Diem
2579:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2555:
2554:Bến Hải River
2550:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2520:standing army
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:, the French
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2488:Tôn Đức Thắng
2485:
2481:
2473:
2468:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:. Soon after
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2293:
2283:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:. To prevent
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2028:Ngô Đình Diệm
2025:
2021:
2017:
2016:United States
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1981:South Vietnam
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:17th parallel
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:guerrilla war
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:, Vietnamese
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:North Vietnam
1828:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1533:South Vietnam
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1487:North Vietnam
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:French Tonkin
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1181:204 BC–111 BC
1180:
1178:
1177:Triệu dynasty
1175:
1174:
1171:257 BC–179 BC
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1127:Óc Eo culture
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
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617:Reunification
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6527:Christianity
6445:Demographics
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3534:
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3050:Algerian War
3041:
3040:rather than
3037:
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3011:Central Asia
3003:Soviet Union
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2913:Soviet Union
2897:East Germany
2863:Americas (1)
2833:Maoist China
2812:
2727:
2718:
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2687:
2669:
2646:
2643:Constitution
2617:
2567:
2497:
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2430:
2414:Constitution
2403:
2370:
2321:World War II
2317:protectorate
2311:founded the
2306:
2260:
2249:
2221:
2220:
2209:
2171:Soviet-style
2165:in 1977 and
2132:
2090:forces from
2088:Western Bloc
2064:Soviet Union
2053:
1985:
1972:
1942:
1917:World War II
1910:
1882:Eastern Bloc
1857:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1658:Dali Kingdom
1648:Khmer Empire
1575:1986–present
1520:
1486:
1447:
1428:French Annam
1321:Trần dynasty
1291:Đinh dynasty
1208:111 BC–40 AD
1167:Thục dynasty
1101:1,000–800 BC
1061:
1020:
999:
978:
867:
849:
832:
814:
796:Succeeded by
795:
790:
781:(until 1948)
749:• Total
717:• 1974
707:• 1968
697:• 1955
684:• 1945
569:22 July 1954
538:6 March 1946
330:Trường Chinh
305:(after 1954)
156:"Army March"
150:Tiến Quân Ca
143:
128:Motto:
127:
54:
7655:Vietnam War
7470:Short-lived
7327:Short-lived
7296:South Yemen
7281:North Korea
7241:Afghanistan
6958:New Zealand
6953:Netherlands
6697:Nationalism
6648:News Agency
6599:Ingredients
6290:Expressways
6278:Visa policy
6244:Measurement
6197:Foreign aid
6147:Agriculture
6084:Coast Guard
5952:Legislative
5547:Monarchical
5532:Prehistoric
4314:Marr (2013)
3771:Marr (2013)
3644:10 December
3556:10 November
3393:Asia portal
3349:Ho Chi Minh
3299:Land reform
3243:Võ Văn Sung
3219:Vietnam War
3217:During the
3166:Khmer Rouge
3142:Vietnam War
3096:Vietnam War
3015:North Korea
2978:East Berlin
2949:Oceania (1)
2873:Europe (13)
2857:South Yemen
2791:Tuyên Quang
2776:Thái Nguyên
2609:Vietnam War
2484:Ho Chi Minh
2451:Trotskyists
2433:Hồ Chí Minh
2406:Hồ Chí Minh
2387:Cochinchina
2358:during the
2337:Hồ Chí Minh
2282:Ho Chi Minh
2163:Khmer Rouge
2112:Khmer Rouge
2092:South Korea
2086:along with
2056:Vietnam War
2014:blocs. The
2004:non-aligned
1925:Hồ Chí Minh
1911:During the
1752:Immigration
1732:Agriculture
1361:Mạc dynasty
1271:Ngô dynasty
980:Paleolithic
970:Prehistoric
949:History of
791:Preceded by
721:23,800,000
711:18,700,000
701:16,100,000
636:2 July 1976
590:Ho Chi Minh
577:Vietnam War
448:Legislature
426:Hồ Chí Minh
384:Hồ Chí Minh
342:Hồ Chí Minh
228: /
216:105°51′15″E
192:(1954–1976)
187:(1945–1954)
118:(1955–1976)
103:(1955–1976)
7624:Categories
7582:Tarnobrzeg
7507:Bessarabia
7461:Yugoslavia
7184:Seychelles
7179:Mozambique
7174:Madagascar
7097:Vietnamese
7092:Venezuelan
7082:Nicaraguan
7077:Melanesian
6994:Venezuela
6906:Kuomintang
6899:since 1978
6869:Bangladesh
6845:By country
6839:by country
6707:Trotskyism
6682:Philosophy
6658:Newspapers
6643:Television
6638:Mass media
6626:Literature
6418:Corruption
6266:Censorship
6249:Inventions
6222:Automotive
6169:(currency)
5926:Government
5808:Censorship
5612:Ecoregions
5417:1945–1976
4902:19 October
4704:1194711977
4444:. Vintage.
4019:14 October
3618:3 November
3537:(3): 625.
3509:References
3468:rump state
3460:hậu phương
3284:See also:
3239:ad interim
3162:Pathet Lao
3023:Yugoslavia
2931:Africa (3)
2925:Yugoslavia
2719:Khu tự trị
2618:After the
2524:Korean War
2188:until the
2122:, and the
2010:, and the
2008:capitalist
1915:following
1850:Vietnamese
1331:Hồ dynasty
1131:(1–630 AD)
1011:Hoabinhian
1001:Mesolithic
691:20 million
674:Population
301:one-party
294:Government
285:Vietnamese
274:Demonym(s)
245:Vietnamese
213:21°01′42″N
74:Vietnamese
7540:1939–1940
7495:1918–1919
7264:1982–1992
7259:1979–1992
7254:1975–1979
7250:Cambodia
7225:Nicaragua
7157:1987–1991
7152:1974–1987
7148:Ethiopia
7087:Tanzanian
6968:Sri Lanka
6911:Hong Kong
6894:Communist
6857:Australia
6852:Argentina
6837:Socialism
6702:Socialism
6692:Communism
6687:Anarchism
6616:Festivals
6577:Animation
6480:Phonology
6356:Education
6317:Transport
6285:Transport
6217:Standards
6079:Air Force
5986:Judiciary
5976:Elections
5943:Ministers
5914:President
5907:Executive
5883:Politburo
5771:Southeast
5737:Northwest
5732:Northeast
5679:Provinces
5671:Divisions
5583:Geography
5489:Dynasties
4962:645822469
4696:0419-4209
4650:26 August
4645:0022-4634
4175:0021-8723
3333:Politburo
3286:Viet Cong
3257:Vientiane
3158:Indochina
3144:, or the
3110:Viet Cong
3100:Viet Cong
3013:, China,
2953:Australia
2578:Catholics
2374:Việt Minh
2352:Viet Minh
2257:Minh Mạng
2250:Southern
2200:Etymology
2196:in 1991.
2149:. In the
2096:Australia
2012:communist
1929:Việt Minh
1921:communist
1902:the south
1737:Dynasties
1712:1707–1832
1702:1600–1954
1692:1100–1904
1682:1061–1432
1678:Ngưu Hống
1672:1042–1052
1565:1975–1986
1555:1969–1976
1541:1955–1975
1527:1954–1976
1515:1949–1955
1505:1948–1949
1495:1945–1976
1395:1802–1945
1385:1778–1802
1375:1533–1789
1365:1527–1592
1355:1428–1527
1345:1407–1427
1335:1400–1407
1325:1225–1400
1315:1009–1225
1195:Dominated
1067:Iron Ages
1022:Neolithic
365:President
263:Religion
84:1945–1976
7592:Würzburg
7567:Naissaar
7531:Finland
7491:Bavaria
7429:Slovakia
7414:Bulgaria
7344:Far East
7291:Mongolia
7203:Americas
7067:European
6998:Chavismo
6963:Pakistan
6790:Category
6584:Clothing
6517:Buddhism
6507:Religion
6475:Alphabet
6470:Language
6398:Gambling
6378:COVID-19
6373:HIV/AIDS
6300:Airports
6295:Railways
6261:Internet
6112:Security
6028:Military
5971:Chairman
5796:Politics
5766:Southern
5722:Northern
5649:Molluscs
5634:Wildlife
5557:Republic
5524:Timeline
5504:Monarchs
5499:Military
5494:Economic
5484:Capitals
5468:articles
5393:Archived
5072:Archived
4912:cite web
4853:Archived
4597:Archived
4574:Archived
4551:Archived
4358:Archived
4330:Archived
4234:Archived
4213:Archived
4126:Archived
4106:28 April
4100:Archived
4013:Archived
3930:5 August
3924:Archived
3870:Archived
3859:Archived
3840:Archived
3665:Archived
3490:Chairman
3365:See also
3274:Military
3164:and the
3136:and the
3130:Thailand
3122:advisors
3038:de facto
2992:in 1957.
2881:Bulgaria
2849:Mongolia
2829:Asia (5)
2786:Hà Giang
2771:Lạng Sơn
2766:Cao Bằng
2753:Nghĩa Lộ
2743:Lai Châu
2528:Cold War
2510:and the
2331:entered
2309:Gia Long
2239:Nam Việt
2235:Gia Long
2222:Việt Nam
2184:such as
2116:Cambodia
2110:and the
2100:Thailand
2062:and the
1762:Monarchs
1757:Military
1725:By topic
1662:937–1253
1652:802–1431
1612:192–1832
1478:Republic
1409:Colonial
1305:980–1009
1262:Dynastic
940:a series
938:Part of
771:Currency
466:Cold War
297:Unitary
7562:Ireland
7552:Galicia
7451:Romania
7409:Albania
7364:Jiangxi
7311:Vietnam
7215:Grenada
7189:Somalia
7072:Israeli
7062:Chinese
7057:Burmese
7052:British
7042:African
7014:History
7005:Vietnam
6973:Tunisia
6923:Finland
6918:Estonia
6774:Outline
6746:Theater
6741:Symbols
6589:Cuisine
6544:Culture
6458:Eunuchs
6344:Society
6273:Tourism
6229:Poverty
6158:Doi Moi
6152:Banking
6135:Economy
6099:Militia
5744:Central
5714:Regions
5639:Mammals
5600:Climate
5595:Borders
5537:Ancient
5476:History
5464:Vietnam
5012:. 2020.
4859:11 June
4607:, 1998.
4584:, p. 4.
4431:. p. 45
4367:6 April
4183:1890195
3551:1534398
3425:famine.
3318:Results
3294:Economy
3046:Algeria
3042:de jure
2935:Algeria
2909:Romania
2901:Hungary
2877:Albania
2821:Region
2781:Bắc Cạn
2441:Vietnam
2362:, 1945.
2271:History
2261:Đại Nam
2186:COMECON
2041:Bảo Đại
1973:de jure
1931:Front,
1898:unified
1862:chữ Nôm
1742:Economy
1642:738–902
1638:Nanzhao
1632:550–781
1622:300–800
1571:Đổi Mới
1295:968–980
1285:965–968
1275:939–965
1248:602–938
1238:544–602
1161:–258 BC
1159:2879 BC
1145:Ancient
951:Vietnam
916:Chữ Hán
871:Vietnam
629:•
614:•
601:•
562:•
544:•
531:•
516:•
503:•
490:•
477:•
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197:Capital
146: "
144:Anthem:
46:Vietnam
7572:Saxony
7517:Bremen
7446:Poland
7402:Europe
7369:Kuwait
7349:Fujian
7164:Guinea
7124:Angola
7117:Africa
6933:Greece
6928:France
6890:China
6886:Canada
6879:Lulism
6874:Brazil
6795:Portal
6724:Sports
6631:Poetry
6611:Emblem
6594:Dishes
6572:Cinema
6567:Awards
6552:Anthem
6522:Taoism
6502:Racism
6453:People
6368:Health
6175:Energy
6107:Police
5689:Cities
5466:
5359:
5349:
5320:
5299:
5278:
5257:
5160:
5131:1 July
5102:1 July
4960:
4950:
4777:
4702:
4694:
4684:
4643:
4531:
4509:
4488:
4427:
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4132:17 May
4078:
4053:
3986:6 June
3916:
3820:
3793:
3754:
3717:
3692:
3549:
3196:France
3082:under
3068:UNICEF
3017:, and
2980:, 1957
2917:Sweden
2905:Poland
2893:France
2748:Sơn La
2006:, the
2000:Poland
1998:, and
1996:Canada
1858:VNDCCH
1628:Chenla
1608:Champa
1602:68–627
1228:43–544
1063:Bronze
942:on the
924:越南民主共和
733:
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116:Emblem
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7587:Užice
7522:Bihać
7482:Banat
7354:Gilan
7301:Syria
7271:China
7246:Burma
7220:Chile
7194:Sudan
7169:Libya
7144:Egypt
7129:Benin
6948:Italy
6938:India
6781:Index
6670:V-pop
6665:Music
6653:Voice
6606:Dance
6532:Islam
6435:Women
6393:Crime
6382:Delta
6167:Đồng
5644:Birds
5514:Naval
5509:Names
5357:JSTOR
5122:(PDF)
5093:(PDF)
4361:(PDF)
4354:(PDF)
4187:JSTOR
4179:JSTOR
3575:(PDF)
3547:JSTOR
3412:Notes
3247:Hanoi
3224:Paris
3192:Paris
3188:Japan
3172:Japan
3034:India
2976:near
2943:Libya
2939:Congo
2853:Syria
2837:India
2408:held
2333:Hanoi
2167:China
2060:China
1992:India
1900:with
1777:Women
1772:Naval
1767:Names
1598:Funan
1218:40–43
868:1976:
850:1946:
833:1954:
815:1945:
204:Hanoi
7535:1918
7500:1919
7306:Tuva
7286:Laos
7276:Iraq
7234:Asia
7210:Cuba
7047:Arab
6943:Iran
6621:Flag
6497:Name
6430:Time
6385:cron
6380:and
6097:and
6074:Navy
6057:Army
5833:LGBT
5347:ISBN
5318:ISBN
5297:ISBN
5276:ISBN
5255:ISBN
5158:ISBN
5133:2023
5104:2023
4958:OCLC
4948:ISBN
4918:link
4904:2022
4861:2008
4775:ISBN
4700:OCLC
4692:ISSN
4682:ISBN
4652:2024
4641:ISSN
4529:ISBN
4507:ISBN
4486:ISBN
4425:ISBN
4369:2007
4171:ISSN
4134:2009
4108:2010
4076:ISBN
4051:ISBN
4021:2023
3988:2023
3932:2016
3914:ISBN
3818:ISBN
3791:ISBN
3752:ISBN
3715:ISBN
3690:ISBN
3646:2017
3620:2020
3558:2021
3307:and
3152:and
3134:DPRK
3098:and
3058:PRG.
3019:Cuba
3009:and
2867:Cuba
2841:Iraq
2542:and
2252:Việt
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2108:Laos
2098:and
1878:1954
1464:1945
1065:and
779:cash
775:đồng
666:1968
658:1955
650:1945
645:Area
100:Flag
6562:Art
5840:Law
5339:doi
5039:doi
4633:doi
4464:doi
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3744:doi
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