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493:(1850–1937), while secularism among both Jews and non-Jews facilitated integration. Nevertheless, there had been anti-Jewish rioting during the birth of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 and 1920. Following a steep decline in religious observance in the 19th century, most Bohemian Jews were ambivalent to religion, although this was less true in Moravia. The Jews of Bohemia had the highest rate of
520:
381:), goes back many centuries. There is evidence that Jews have lived in Moravia and Bohemia since as early as the 10th century. Jewish communities flourished here specifically in the 16th and 17th centuries, and again in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Local Jews were mostly murdered in the
469:
During the 1890s, most Jews were German-speaking and considered themselves
Germans. By the 1930s, German-speaking Jews had been numerically overtaken by Czech-speaking Jews; Zionism also made inroads among the Jews of the periphery (Moravia and the Sudetenland). In the late 19th and early 20th
595:, and a kosher hotel. Three different Jewish magazines are issued every month, and the Prague Jewish community officially has about 1,500 members, but the real number of Jews in the city is estimated to be much higher, between 7,000 and 15,000. Due to years of persecution by both the
618:), the largest one being in Prague, where close to 90% of all Czech Jews live. The umbrella organisation for Jewish communities and organisations in the country is the Federation of Jewish Communities (Federace židovských obcí, FŽO). Services are regularly held in
451:, the Jews had a long association with this part of Europe. Throughout the last thousand years, over 600 Jewish communities have emerged in the Kingdom of Bohemia (including Moravia). According to the 1930 census, Czechoslovakia (including
474:
of
Bohemian Jewish society. Of the 10 million inhabitants of pre-1938 Bohemia and Moravia, Jews composed only about 1% (117,551). Most Jews lived in large cities such as Prague (35,403 Jews, who made up 4.2% of the population),
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75:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Prague has the most vibrant Jewish community in the entire country. Several synagogues operate on a regular basis, there are three kindergartens, a Jewish day school, two retirement homes, five kosher restaurants, two
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and other Allied countries. Some were reunited with their families after the war, while many lost parents and relatives to the concentration camps.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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in 1939, 26,000 emigrated legally and illegally; 80,000 were murdered by the Nazis; and 10,000 survived the concentration camps.
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in the Czech lands was less prevalent than elsewhere, and was strongly opposed by the national founder and first president,
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Czech
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1396:
Labendz, Jacob Ari (2017). "Synagogues for sale: Jewish-State mutuality in the communist Czech lands, 1945–1970".
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Jews in
Svoboda's army in the Soviet Union : Czechoslovak Jewry's fight against the Nazis during World War II
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2018:
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David, Zdenek V. (1996). "Hajek, Dubravius, and the Jews: A Contrast in
Sixteenth-Century Czech Historiography".
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Sewering-Wollanek, Marlis; Belcher, Mark (2008). "The
Rediscovery of the Jews: Czech History Books since 1989".
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The
Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935-1945
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centuries, thousands of Jews came to Prague from small villages and towns in
Bohemia, leading to the
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Gruner, Wolf (2015). "Protectorate of
Bohemia and Moravia". In Gruner, Wolf; Osterloh, Jörg (eds.).
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Jewish refugees from Czechoslovakia are deported from Croydon airport, England, on March 31, 1939.
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of Prague's community is kept. In 1708, Jews accounted for one-quarter of Prague's population.
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1215:. War and Genocide. Translated by Heise, Bernard. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 99–135.
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The making of Czech Jewry: national conflict and Jewish society in Bohemia, 1870-1918
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and only later killed. However, some Czech Jewish children were rescued by
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in Europe: 43.8% married out of the faith, compared to 30% in Moravia.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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as early as the 10th century. The 16th century was a "golden age" for
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912:"The Jews and Jewish Communities of Bohemia in the past and present"
780:"YIVO | Population and Migration: Population since World War I"
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There are ten small Jewish communities around the country (seven in
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848:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from
731:"SLDB 2021: Obyvatelstvo podle národnosti, jednotek věku a pohlaví"
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Czechs, Germans, Jews?: National Identity and the Jews of Bohemia
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Languages of Community: The Jewish Experience in the Czech Lands
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Chanukah celebration in prague, by Jewish community of prague
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Jews and Protestants: From the Reformation to the Present
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S: I.M.O.N. Shoah: Intervention. Methods. Documentation
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It is estimated that of the 118,310 Jews living in the
1153:. Lanham, Md.: Univ. Press of America. p. xviii.
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The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: Facing the Holocaust
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Ethnic and national minorities in the Czech Republic
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in Prague for most of his life. He is buried at the
407:. One of the famous Jewish scholars of the time was
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1263:Čapková, Kateřina; Kieval, Hillel J., eds. (2021).
427:(created by the Maharal) lies in the attic of the
1746:
2124:
411:, known as the Maharal, who served as a leading
458:
93:accompanying your translation by providing an
59:Click for important translation instructions.
46:expand this article with text translated from
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958:"The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia"
935:. Isjm.org. 2003-01-04. Archived from
830:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
455:) had a Jewish population of 356,830.
286:
1720:
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1483:. Central European University Press.
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1281:
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691:History of the Jews in Czechoslovakia
465:History of the Jews in Czechoslovakia
399:Jews are believed to have settled in
1497:
1267:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
507:The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia
185:Regions with significant populations
28:
877:. Templesanjose.org. Archived from
711:Ethnic minorities in Czechoslovakia
568:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
24:
1381:. University of California Press.
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1175:"Most Czechs don't believe in God"
535:, who were mostly deported by the
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273:Historical local Jewish population
25:
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933:"Czech Synagogues and Cemeteries"
901:, The Virtual Jewish History Tour
553:Theresienstadt concentration camp
1327:. De Gruyter. pp. 137–160.
846:"The Jews of the Czech Republic"
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105:{{Translated|cs|Židé v Česku}}
103:You may also add the template
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1:
1410:10.1080/1462169X.2017.1278832
1284:The Sixteenth Century Journal
716:
696:List of Czech and Slovak Jews
395:History of the Jews in Prague
1456:"Antijüdische Provokationen"
1239:University of Nebraska Press
1196:. New York: Berghahn Books.
875:, Temple Emanu-El, San Jose"
759:"YIVO | Czechoslovakia"
7:
1362:. Oxford University Press.
1319:Gleixner, Johannes (2020).
914:. Jewishgen.org. 2013-04-02
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459:First Czechoslovak Republic
363:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
356:history of the Jews in the
141:Juden der böhmischen Länder
10:
2149:
1524:The Jewish Virtual Library
1398:Jewish Culture and History
1377:Kieval, Hillel J. (2000).
1358:Kieval, Hillel J. (1988).
1192:Čapková, Kateřina (2012).
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1454:Szabó, Miloslav (2016).
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449:Austro-Hungarian Empire
439:Austro-Hungarian Empire
377:, and the southeast or
365:, including the modern
114:For more guidance, see
1797:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1479:Vobecká, Jana (2013).
782:. Yivoencyclopedia.org
761:. Yivoencyclopedia.org
587:
528:
516:
491:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
453:Subcarpathian Ruthenia
447:, and before that the
409:Judah Loew ben Bezalel
1578:Officially recognized
1498:Wein, Martin (2015).
1149:Kulka, Erich (1987).
1043:, pp. 17, 24–25.
678:Czech Republic portal
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537:First Slovak Republic
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463:Further information:
443:As part of inter-war
393:Further information:
235:Related ethnic groups
230:, Jewish Brotherhoods
139:Židé v Českých zemích
116:Knowledge:Translation
87:copyright attribution
2133:Jewish Czech history
479:(11,103, 4.2%), and
143:(יהדות בוהמיה (צ'כיה
2035:States with limited
599:and the subsequent
559:and escaped to the
417:Old Jewish Cemetery
361:, historically the
274:
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1231:Rothkirchen, Livia
1115:, pp. 16, 22.
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549:Nazi collaborators
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527:in Prague, c. 1942
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95:interlanguage link
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1509:978-90-04-30127-6
1502:. Leiden: Brill.
1490:978-615-5225-33-8
1433:(8/10): 289–299.
1388:978-0-520-21410-1
1369:978-0-19-504057-9
1342:978-3-11-066471-3
1274:978-0-8122-9959-5
1222:978-1-78238-444-1
1203:978-0-85745-475-1
1103:, pp. 27–28.
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982:
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939:on 2010-04-07
938:
934:
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881:on 2013-09-16
880:
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614:and three in
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525:yellow badges
523:Jews wearing
521:
513:
508:
501:The Holocaust
498:
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495:intermarriage
492:
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44:You can help
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2064:Transnistria
1680:
1499:
1480:
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1426:
1404:(1): 54–78.
1401:
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1234:
1212:
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1113:Čapková 2012
1108:
1096:
1089:Čapková 2012
1084:
1077:Čapková 2012
1072:
1060:
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1041:Čapková 2012
1036:
1029:Čapková 2012
1024:
1017:Čapková 2012
1012:
1000:
988:
981:Čapková 2012
962:. Retrieved
952:
941:. Retrieved
937:the original
927:
916:. Retrieved
906:
894:
883:. Retrieved
879:the original
872:
865:
854:. Retrieved
850:the original
840:
815:. Retrieved
808:the original
795:
784:. Retrieved
774:
763:. Retrieved
753:
742:. Retrieved
737:(in Czech).
734:
725:
644:Karlovy Vary
609:
589:
565:
539:directly to
530:
487:Antisemitism
485:
472:urbanization
468:
442:
398:
355:
353:
157:Jews taking
129:Ethnic group
91:edit summary
82:
53:
45:
26:
2102:Isle of Man
2037:recognition
1989:Switzerland
1924:Netherlands
1691:Macedonians
1237:. Lincoln:
1065:Gruner 2015
1053:Gruner 2015
1005:Gruner 2015
960:. Ushmm.org
533:Slovak Jews
358:Czech lands
257:German Jews
249:Slovak Jews
212:Judeo-Czech
145:בעמישע יידן
55:(July 2018)
1959:San Marino
1919:Montenegro
1899:Luxembourg
1879:Kazakhstan
1782:Azerbaijan
1701:Portuguese
1696:Mongolians
1655:Vietnamese
1650:Ukrainians
1610:Hungarians
1590:Bulgarians
964:2013-04-16
943:2013-04-16
918:2013-04-16
885:2013-04-16
856:2018-06-24
817:2012-03-15
786:2013-04-16
765:2013-04-16
744:2023-02-10
717:References
431:where the
167:Mírohorský
18:Czech Jews
2092:Gibraltar
1894:Lithuania
1671:Armenians
1640:Silesians
1585:Austrians
1472:2408-9192
1439:0030-6428
1427:Osteuropa
1418:159614300
1351:216337230
1304:0361-0160
873:The Golem
570:upon the
545:Treblinka
541:Auschwitz
383:Holocaust
190:Languages
109:talk page
2127:Category
2112:Svalbard
2097:Guernsey
2044:Abkhazia
2019:Scotland
1974:Slovenia
1969:Slovakia
1944:Portugal
1802:Bulgaria
1625:Russians
1526:- Prague
1447:44934294
1233:(2006).
826:cite web
650:See also
348:Source:
228:Frankism
218:Religion
85:provide
50:in Czech
2009:England
1999:Ukraine
1949:Romania
1909:Moldova
1867:Ireland
1862:Iceland
1857:Hungary
1847:Germany
1842:Georgia
1832:Finland
1827:Estonia
1822:Denmark
1807:Croatia
1792:Belgium
1787:Belarus
1777:Austria
1772:Armenia
1767:Andorra
1762:Albania
1686:Koreans
1676:Chinese
1645:Slovaks
1600:Germans
1312:2543905
1186:Sources
636:Liberec
632:Teplice
628:Olomouc
616:Moravia
612:Bohemia
481:Ostrava
433:genizah
421:Josefov
375:Moravia
371:Bohemia
343:+350.9%
332:+139.0%
224:Judaism
204:Yiddish
107:to the
89:in the
52:.
2107:Jersey
2049:Kosovo
1994:Turkey
1984:Sweden
1964:Serbia
1954:Russia
1939:Poland
1934:Norway
1914:Monaco
1884:Latvia
1852:Greece
1837:France
1812:Cyprus
1630:Rusyns
1620:Romani
1605:Greeks
1595:Croats
1506:
1487:
1470:
1445:
1437:
1416:
1385:
1366:
1349:
1339:
1310:
1302:
1271:
1245:
1219:
1200:
1157:
899:Prague
642:, and
620:Prague
593:mikvot
401:Prague
369:(i.e.
321:−99.4%
307:37,093
296:35,699
208:Hebrew
200:German
169:, 1885
163:Prague
2082:Åland
2024:Wales
1979:Spain
1904:Malta
1874:Italy
1706:Turks
1664:Other
1635:Serbs
1615:Poles
1443:JSTOR
1414:S2CID
1347:S2CID
1308:JSTOR
811:(PDF)
804:(PDF)
640:Plzeň
597:Nazis
578:Today
425:Golem
413:rabbi
340:2,349
310:+3.9%
196:Czech
180:2,349
159:snuff
69:DeepL
1681:Jews
1504:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1468:ISSN
1435:ISSN
1383:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1300:ISSN
1269:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1155:ISBN
832:link
624:Brno
477:Brno
354:The
337:2021
326:2011
315:1991
304:1930
293:1921
282:Pop.
278:Year
241:Jews
83:must
81:You
1406:doi
1329:doi
1292:doi
603:of
551:to
419:in
329:521
318:218
210:,
161:in
71:or
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