82:
816:
777:, much of Cumbria frequently swapped hands between England and Scotland but this had little effect on the language used. In the nineteenth century miners from Cornwall and Wales began relocating to Cumbria to take advantage of the work offered by new iron ore, copper and wadd mines but whilst they seem to have affected some local accents (notably Barrow-in-Furness) they don't seem to have contributed much to the vocabulary.
184:
41:
1146:
436:
3105:(Workington, 1804, second edition the following year). Known as 'the Cumbrian Minstrel', he too wrote in Scots and these poems appeared in the new editions of his poems published from Wigton in 1807 and 1808. What seems to have lifted use of Cumbrian dialect from a passing curiosity to a demonstration of regional pride in the hands of
3408:"A choice collection of poems in Cumberland dialect: I The harvest or bashful shepherd, a pastoral by the Rev. Mr. Robert Nelson, late of Greatsalkeld near Penrith in Cumberland. II Hay-Time ; or the constant lovers a pastoral. III St. Agnes fast or the amorous maiden. A pastoral. And other subjects no less entertaining"
669:
which are still used in various forms by shepherds throughout the area, and apparently for knitting. The word 'Yan' (meaning 'one'), for example, is prevalent throughout
Cumbria and is still often used, especially by non-speakers of 'received pronunciation' and children, e.g. "That yan owr there," or
2992:
NB: when these numerals were used for counting sheep, repeatedly, the shepherd would count to fifteen or twenty and then move a small stone from one of his pockets to the other before beginning again, thus keeping score. Numbers eleven, twelve etc. would have been 'yandick, tyandick', while sixteen
818:
822:
821:
817:
823:
3125:
were published from
Carlisle in 1805 and were reprinted in several different formats over the following decades. Some of these publications also incorporated the work of his precursors and a few other contemporaries, such as Ewan Clark and Mark Lonsdale. One such collection was
831:
Cumbria is a large area with several relatively isolated districts, so there is quite a large variation in accent, especially between north and south or the coastal towns. There are some uniform features that should be taken into account when pronouncing dialect words.
3407:
820:
581:
Despite the modern county being created only in 1974 from the counties of
Cumberland, Westmorland and north Lancashire and parts of Yorkshire, Cumbria is an ancient division. Before the arrival of the Romans, the area was the home of the
2592:. The table below shows the variation of the numbers throughout Cumbria, as well as the relevant cognate in Welsh, Cornish and Breton, which are the three geographically closest British languages to Cumbric, for comparison.
799:. Unlike the Lancashire dialect, where 'the' is abbreviated to 'th', in Cumbrian (as in Yorkshire and south Durham) the sound is harder and in sentences sounds as if it is attached to the previous word, for example "
618:(the scarcity of linguistic evidence, however, means that Cumbric's distinctness from Old Welsh is more deduced than proven). Remnants of Brythonic and Cumbric are most often seen in place names, in elements such as
3561:
Westmoreland and
Cumberland Dialects. Dialogues, Poems, Songs, and Ballads, by various Writers, in the Westmoreland and Cumberland Dialects, now first collected: with a copious Glossary of Words peculiar to those
819:
3012:
to minutely detail localised dialects. At the time, Cumbria did not exist as a unit of local government; there were 12 sites within modern
Cumbria spread across four different counties:
2588:
The
Cumbrian numbers, often called 'sheep counting numerals' because of their (declining) use by shepherds to this very day, show clear signs that they may well have their origins in
3153:, Settle, 1869) and Gwordie Greenup (the pseudonym of Stanley Martin), who published short collections in prose and verse during the 1860s and 1870s. A more recent anthology,
536:. Some parts of Cumbria have a more North-East English sound to them. Whilst clearly spoken with a Northern English accent, the Cumbrian dialect shares much vocabulary with
3137:, followed from London in 1839. This contained work by all the poets mentioned already, with the addition of some songs by John Rayson that were later to be included in his
3552:
Ballads in the
Cumberland Dialect, by R. Anderson, with Notes and a Glossary; and an Essay on the Manners and Customs of the Cumberland Peasantry, by Thomas Sanderson.
1079:
is traditionally always pronounced as a voiceless alveolar plosive, although in many places it has been replaced by the glottal stop now common throughout
Britain.
985:
3437:"Westmoreland and Cumberland dialects. Dialogues, poems, songs, and ballads, by various writers, in the Westmoreland and Cumberland dialects, now first collected"
3359:
4607:
3576:
The Songs and
Ballads of Cumberland, to which are added Dialect and other Poems; with biographical Sketches, Notes, and Glossary. Edited by Sidney Gilpin.
4547:
449:
3145:(London, 1866), collects together work in both standard English and dialect by all the poets mentioned so far, as well as Border Ballads, poems by
3066:
self-consciously introduce the demotic for local colour. Although written about 1735, they were not published until after the author's death in
1061:
is realised as following consonants and in word-initial position but is often elided in the coda, unless a following word begins with a vowel:
4642:
3615:
1111:
in word-initial and medial position, thereby rendering it as something more closely approaching . As a result, some speakers pronounce
3070:(Wigton, 1747), followed by two further editions in 1797 and 1805. The Rev. Robert Nelson followed him in the same tradition with
3058:
There were several among the well-educated in the 18th century who used dialect in their poetry. One of the earliest was the Rev.
1023:
is realised in various ways throughout the county. When
William Barrow Kendall wrote his Furness Wordbook in 1867, he wrote that
3505:— Listen to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
3074:(Sunderland, 1780). Ewan Clark, a contemporary of Nelson's, also wrote a handful of dialect imitations that were included in his
684:
began to be spoken in parts, although evidence suggests Cumbric survived in central regions in some form until the 11th century.
3585:
A Bibliography of the Dialect Literature of Cumberland and Westmorland, and Lancashire North-of-the-Sands. By Archibald Sparke.
146:
4692:
4477:
3284:
118:
3371:
4712:
3785:
3670:
773:
Once Cumbrians had assimilated to speaking Northumbrian English, there were few further influences on the dialect. In the
346:
4193:
493:
3422:
125:
4298:
3485:
1186:
1132:
Unstressed initial vowels are usually fully realised, whilst those in final syllables are usually reduced to schwa .
786:
The Westmoreland dialect in three familiar dialogues, in which an attempt is made to illustrate the provincial idiom.
245:
227:
165:
99:
68:
54:
209:
4097:
3508:
3218:. The indefinite article used would be 'an'. 'A hospital' becomes an 'ospital. Another example is with the letter
1000:
Most consonants are pronounced as they are in other parts of the English speaking world. A few exceptions follow:
132:
4345:
4141:
1027:'should never be dropped', suggesting the practice had already become conspicuous. It seems the elision of both
483:
3514:
4662:
4102:
3608:
194:
103:
3519:
4753:
4702:
4395:
4357:
3535:
114:
4758:
4697:
4350:
4170:
3987:
3808:
3450:
949:
936:
926:
916:
905:
895:
884:
873:
863:
853:
4743:
4073:
4063:
3661:
3628:
3624:
4657:
4372:
4230:
3641:
3082:
and her companion Catherine Gilpin. Miss Blamire had written songs in Scots that were set to music by
3009:
796:
565:
and the closely related Scots language, Cumbrian is descended from Northern Middle English and in turn
3593:
736:('swan lake'). Many of the traditional dialect words are also remnants of Norse influence, including
4637:
4163:
4121:
4092:
4024:
3992:
3601:
3135:
Dialogues, poems, songs, and ballads, by various writers, in the Westmoreland and Cumberland dialects
3086:. Her work in Cumbrian dialect was less well known and remained uncollected until the publication of
1425:
used when indicating a place or object that is usually in sight but far away. abbreviation of yonder.
1156:
591:
20:
4748:
4362:
4316:
4215:
4188:
4153:
4048:
3919:
566:
518:
341:
4574:
4407:
4225:
4200:
326:
316:
306:
205:
92:
3396:
printed by Robert Foulisfor Mr. Thomlinson inWigton. 3 August 1747 – via Internet Archive.
4489:
4467:
4271:
3968:
3937:
3815:
3118:
843:
4385:
1107:
Finally, in some parts of the county, there is a tendency to palatalize the consonant cluster
139:
4687:
4472:
4367:
4080:
4014:
3768:
3758:
3753:
1569:
punch or hit "Aa’s gan clout thou yan" (I'm going to punch you one); also clout means a cloth
674:
60:
4680:
3182:
this is down to the large numbers of settlers from various regions (including predominantly
1014:(word- or syllable-finally). This can sometimes occur in the onset as well in words such as
4109:
4002:
3942:
3820:
3793:
3710:
3255:
1035:
began in the industrial towns and slowly spread out. In the south, it is now very common.
393:
3439:. John Russell Smith, 4, Old Compton Street, Soho. 3 August 1839 – via Google Books.
1168:
201:
8:
4707:
4537:
4529:
4427:
4390:
4276:
4261:
4136:
4126:
4053:
3892:
3078:(Whitehaven 1779). Female members of the gentry writing in dialect at this time included
3579:
3149:
and family, and other verse of regional interest. Some later poets include John Sewart (
795:
One of the lasting characteristics still found in the local dialect of Cumbria today is
4597:
4564:
4499:
4482:
4337:
4158:
3705:
3695:
3393:
3146:
321:
311:
3423:"Ballads in the Cumberland dialect, chiefly by R. Anderson, with notes and a glossary"
4602:
4587:
4559:
4519:
4311:
4248:
3997:
3773:
3737:
3588:
3481:
3280:
3250:
3171:
3102:
988:. It is generally more common in the north of England than in the south. The words
422:
4293:
712:. Many Cumbrian place names in or near coastal areas are of Norse origin, including
489:
4722:
4675:
4627:
4554:
4462:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4283:
4256:
4114:
4034:
3979:
3877:
3859:
3846:
3678:
3240:
3114:
2631:
2611:
2601:
1328:
It'll be all right or “it’d be right” when referring to something somewhat negative
1162:
634:
562:
331:
3394:"A Miscellany of Poems: Consisting of Original Poems, Translations, Pastorals ..."
336:
4592:
4494:
4432:
4402:
4210:
4085:
3906:
3882:
3854:
3825:
3798:
3763:
3650:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3541:
3436:
3106:
3079:
2636:
2583:
1464:
over/enough ("Aa’s gān ower yonder for a kip" - I'm going over there for a sleep)
666:
298:
1419:
slippery or smooth as in slape back collie, a border collie with short wiry hair
4667:
4582:
4542:
4442:
4266:
4019:
3924:
3914:
3830:
3632:
3304:
2626:
1115:(muddy) as , "clean" as , and "likely" and "lightly" may be indistinguishable.
704:
settlers who probably arrived on the coasts of Cumbria in the 10th century via
598:, but around the 5th century AD, when Cumbria was the centre of the kingdom of
537:
388:
289:
3345:
3094:, edited by Sidney Gilpin in 1866, in which Miss Gilpin's work also appeared.
984:
is a traditional feature of Received Pronunciation but is now associated with
4737:
4717:
4632:
4288:
4205:
4146:
4058:
4009:
3887:
3869:
2164:
raised bank, often topped with a hedge. Many small roads are flanked by dykes
1011:
781:
738:
544:
by William Rollinson exists, as well as a more contemporary and lighthearted
464:
451:
4220:
4068:
3947:
3110:
3083:
3059:
697:
2606:
2477:
Who are you? (especially used in Appleby) (H is silent in second version)
774:
709:
681:
680:
Before the 8th century AD Cumbria was annexed to English Northumbria and
648:
611:
570:
526:
383:
3332:"Wm. Barrow Kendall 'Forness Word Book', 1867; PDF version available at"
3130:(1808, second edition 1815, Wigton), and a third from Carlisle in 1823.
1841:
1624:
4131:
3623:
3175:
3157:, was published from Carlisle in 1946 by the Lakeland Dialect Society.
3141:(London, 1858). Another anthology of regional writing, Sidney Gilpin's
2127:
2123:
953:
701:
603:
573:, where it was initially spoken alongside the native Cumbric language.
530:
522:
3524:
2996:
Although yan is still widely used, wan is starting to creep into some
3688:
3179:
3166:
2997:
693:
658:
607:
602:, the language spoken in northern England and southern Scotland from
595:
587:
411:
1521:
pound (money) (used in Carlisle and occasionally in West Cumberland)
212:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
81:
3715:
3410:. Printed by R. Wetherald. 3 August 1780 – via Open WorldCat.
3367:
3183:
3063:
959:
is often pronounced between them, creating two distinct syllables:
780:
The earliest recordings of the dialect were in a book published by
624:
583:
501:
3502:
3222:
where twenty is often pronounced twen'y (again an emphasis on the
3155:
Oor mak o' toak: an anthology of Lakeland dialect poems, 1747-1946
4652:
4647:
4457:
3803:
3730:
3725:
3538:
B.B.C. radio programme on the Cumbrian dialect, sound files, 2000
3245:
3235:
3191:
3187:
3008:
There were several villages in Cumbria that were used during the
2621:
788:
There were four editions of the book. Her work was later used in
705:
615:
533:
497:
279:
269:
27:
3331:
3174:
is unique within Cumbria and the local dialect tends to be more
2573:
shy children get nothing; if you don't ask, you will not receive
3720:
3700:
2616:
599:
1770:
hook ("yuk us a wurm on't heùk" / throw me a worm on the hook)
1682:
faeces / turd "I need to have a mockin" (see also above, cack)
1292:
can't (more typically Scottish, but used throughout the North)
665:
The most well known Celtic element in Cumbrian dialect is the
2993:
and seventeen would have been 'yan-bumfit, tyan-bumfit' etc.
2210:
farmer (There is however in some cases a distinction between
1573:
1100:(muddy) . Medially and, in some cases, finally it is as in
956:
3529:
2332:
Keswick (It is a silent 'w') Norse 'cheese' and -vik 'place'
1310:
that (when referring to a noun which is visible at the time)
3097:
In the 19th century appeared a few poems in dialect in the
1041:
in the word final position may be dropped or realised as :
1845:
to fix or mend. ("Aa’s i' bad fettle" - I'm not very well)
500:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3128:
Ballads in the Cumberland dialect, chiefly by R. Anderson
1286:
can't (as in 'ye canna deù that!' - 'You can't do that!')
827:
Non-native speaker describing and using Cumbrian dialect.
3315:
2249:
when the sky is really bright so you can't see properly
435:
2382:
Torpenhow (Tor, Pen, and How are all words for "hill")
1352:
naught; nothing (owt for nowt - something for nothing)
542:
Cumbrian Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
2461:
I heard your father was in a bad way or not very well
2007:
yet ("Aa’s nut gān yam yit" / I’m not going home yet)
1216:
1206:
1124:
3299:
Roy Palmer, 'Wheeler , Agnes (bap. 1734, d. 1804)',
2192:
when an animal is lying on its back and can't get up
1533:
toilet (Aa’s gān te t’bog / I'm going to the toilet)
3542:
Low Nest Farm's webpage with many useful references
3003:
1268:
doing (as in 'whut ye deùin? - what are you doing?)
1010:have a tendency to be dropped or unreleased in the
692:A far stronger influence on the modern dialect was
614:had developed into a dialect of Brythonic known as
106:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3520:The GonMad Cumbrian Dictionary (online since 1997)
3072:A choice collection of poems in Cumberland dialect
2425:used by Cumbrians to refer to the Cumbrian dialect
1123:Stress is usually placed on the initial syllable:
3198:dialect tends to drop certain letters (including
586:tribe, which was later assimilated to the larger
4735:
3316:Orton, H.; Sanderson, S.; Widdowson, J. (1978).
3277:The Gonmad Cumbrian Dictionary & Phrase Book
2513:All right, mate? (emphasis the A and T a little)
1752:work, as in: Aa’s gān te wuk (I'm going to work)
3480:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
3478:The GonMad Cumbrian Dictionary & Phrasebook
3279:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
3226:could occur) or twe'y (realised as /ˈtwɛ.ʔɪ/).
2032:brother/male friend (Carlisle/ West Cumberland)
19:"Cumbrian" redirects here. For other uses, see
3466:
2535:Tha wants for te git thasel a pint o 'strangba
2437:I hope you're going to put that in your pocket
1527:fleas or head lice or old people "old biddies"
3609:
3206:) for example holiday would be pronounced as
3133:A more ambitious anthology of dialect verse,
2561:have you ever seen a donkey jump a 5 bar gate
792:published by the Revd Thomas Clarke in 1887.
569:. Old English was introduced to Cumbria from
3967:
2507:Where are you off to? (Where are you going?)
561:As with other English dialects north of the
3346:"The Development of Cumbrian in One Phrase"
1837:Idle or skive. To mess about and avoid work
810:
69:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4643:Comparison of American and British English
3616:
3602:
3475:
2559:hasta iver deek't a cuddy loup a 5 bar yat
1983:hit someone ("I twatted him in the feàce")
1758:home, as in: Aa’s gān yam (I'm going home)
1346:aught; anything (got owt? - got anything?)
434:
3194:amongst other locations). In general the
2537:You really ought to be drinking strongbow
2459:Aa ‘eard yer fatthers wur in't bad fettle
2435:Aa ‘ope tha's gānna put 'at in yer pocket
2170:passage for feeding cattle (usually in a
1578:gossip "’ow marra, get some better crack"
1187:Learn how and when to remove this message
1092:. As the adjectival or adverbial suffix
677:may be attributable to Celtic Influence.
551:
246:Learn how and when to remove this message
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
166:Learn how and when to remove this message
4336:
3420:
2158:the bank of earth on which a hedge grows
1280:How are you doing? (strain of 'How do?')
814:
3301:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2431:never ever have I seen anything like it
590:tribe. These people would have spoken
494:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
16:English dialect of northwestern England
4736:
3274:
2243:raining heavily (it's hossing it doon)
2080:man/friend (West Cumberland, Carlisle)
2044:friend (from cousin) (East Cumberland)
1881:go ("gā on, git yam" / go on, go home)
1807:steal (Romany origin, cf. Urdu chorna)
992:may be pronounced with a triphthong .
556:
3597:
3532:online English to Cumbrian translator
3214:there is more emphasis on the letter
2555:There are some nice looking girls out
2285:warm (it's gey warm / it's very warm)
4713:Non-native pronunciations of English
3160:
2553:Sum reet tidy cluwt oot on tuwn like
2429:nivver ivver ‘ave Aa sin owt like it
1971:smoking ("Aa’s gān out for a smowk")
1831:look (Romany origin, cf Urdu dekhna)
1161:In particular, it has problems with
1139:
948:When certain vowels are followed by
790:Specimens of the Westmorland Dialect
177:
104:adding citations to reliable sources
75:
34:
3143:The Songs and Ballads of Cumberland
2577:
2531:that young man is always in trouble
2525:Excellent (Updated-1 February 2016)
1935:broken (radged in the head/mental)
1509:packed meal that is carried to work
1274:don't (as in 'divn't do that, lad')
576:
546:Cumbrian Dictionary and Phrase Book
13:
3421:Anderson, Robert (3 August 1815).
3151:Rhymes in the Westmoreland Dialect
3053:
890:in the North-East, and elsewhere
687:
14:
4770:
3496:
3251:Etymology of Cumbrian place names
3123:Ballads in the Cumberland Dialect
3062:, whose imitations of Theocritan
2279:(it's throwing it down with rain)
1364:what/ isn't it? (that's good eh?)
728:('valley of the River Kent') and
50:This article has multiple issues.
3370:. 2 October 2008. Archived from
3303:, Oxford University Press, 2004
3004:Survey of English Dialects sites
2134:
1539:trousers (derived from breeches)
1199:
1144:
1135:
182:
80:
39:
3469:Betty Wilson's Cumberland Teals
3459:
3443:
3429:
3318:The Linguistic Atlas of England
3275:Gibson, Dan (2 December 2012).
3139:Miscellaneous Poems and Ballads
1407:old. "T'oal fella" dad, old man
91:needs additional citations for
58:or discuss these issues on the
4663:English-based creole languages
3414:
3400:
3386:
3352:
3338:
3324:
3309:
3293:
3268:
3090:in 1842. This was followed by
2489:How is it going? (how are you)
1551:boots (wuk beùts / work boots)
1153:This article needs editing to
1:
4703:List of English-based pidgins
3261:
1789:retch (as in before vomiting)
1413:embarrassing or unfashionable
1374:
995:
4698:Linguistic purism in English
3348:– via www.youtube.com.
3113:, among whose disciples the
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
1995:one word command to be quiet
1795:beat (as in beat up someone)
1640:trousers/pants or underpants
1217:
1207:
7:
3799:London & Thames Estuary
3229:
3210:, and with the drop of the
1340:there (as in 'ower yonder')
986:some old-fashioned speakers
670:"Can I have yan of those?"
519:dialect of Northern England
208:the claims made and adding
10:
4775:
4658:English as a lingua franca
3164:
3010:Survey of English Dialects
2581:
2416:
2310:, Whitehaven or Workington
2234:
2062:a non-native in Cumberland
1515:bag in which to carry bait
1429:
1085:may be consonantal as in
797:definite article reduction
25:
18:
4638:Broad and general accents
4620:
4573:
4548:regional and occupational
4528:
4515:
4508:
4420:
4381:
4329:
4307:
4247:
4179:
4044:
4033:
3978:
3960:
3933:
3905:
3868:
3845:
3784:
3746:
3669:
3660:
3649:
3640:
3425:– via Google Books.
3320:. London: Croom Helm ltd.
2571:shy bairns/barns get nowt
2289:
2273:teeming it down with rain
2126:to describe someone from
2017:
1125:
1118:
835:
480:
445:
433:
421:
409:
404:
376:
295:
285:
275:
265:
260:
21:Cumbrian (disambiguation)
3515:Lakeland Dialect Society
3471:. Carlisle: J. C. Mason.
3360:"Who are the Jam-eaters"
3040:Staveley-in-Kendal (We4)
2086:friend (West Cumberland)
1774:
1488:
1155:comply with Knowledge's
811:Accent and pronunciation
567:Northumbrian Old English
342:Northumbrian Old English
26:Not to be confused with
3509:Listen to Pronunciation
3467:Thomas Farrall (1892).
3109:poets was the vogue of
1941:to search for something
1887:to pick at or gouge out
1825:hit "I’ll clout ye yan"
1740:stone (steàns / stones)
1218:thee's / thou's / thine
807:" instead of "on the".
803:" instead of "in the" "
667:sheep counting numerals
646:'ferns, bracken' as in
594:, which developed into
3816:Received Pronunciation
3088:The Muse of Cumberland
3031:Great Strickland (We1)
2116:female of unknown name
1722:small stones or gravel
828:
720:('Ulfr's farmstead'),
552:History of the dialect
521:in decline, spoken in
482:This article contains
440:Cumbria within England
4010:Multicultural Toronto
3536:The Routes of English
3121:counted himself. His
3068:A Miscellany of Poems
2056:woman/girl/girlfriend
1322:All right? (Greeting)
1096:it may be or as in
976:The pronunciation of
826:
675:Northern subject rule
4754:Dialects by location
4171:Western Pennsylvania
3374:on 17 September 2012
3305:accessed 1 June 2017
3256:Northumbrian dialect
2543:Who is that (female)
2180:crap/feces/excrement
2110:male of unknown name
1989:to whine or complain
1614:argument or squabble
1557:faeces (load a cack)
1212:(pronounced eye) yes
394:Early Modern English
100:improve this article
4759:Dialects of English
4708:Mid-Atlantic accent
4299:Trinidad and Tobago
3525:Cumbrian Dictionary
3476:Dan Gibson (2012).
3099:Miscellaneous Poems
3076:Miscellaneous Poems
2529:lāl lad's in bother
2501:What are you doing?
2483:Where are you from?
2467:where are you going
1688:a mole (the animal)
1169:improve the content
656:'crag, rock' as in
557:Northumbrian origin
461: /
4744:Culture in Cumbria
4231:Pennsylvania Dutch
3147:William Wordsworth
2465:wher’s thoo off te
2255:misty drizzly rain
2024:bairden/bairn/barn
1977:sexual intercourse
1959:sexual intercourse
1863:going to somewhere
1686:mowdy or mowdywarp
1395:squeamish or fussy
1109:⟨cl⟩
911:(South), (North)
829:
534:North of the Sands
515:Cumberland dialect
322:North Sea Germanic
193:possibly contains
115:"Cumbrian dialect"
4731:
4730:
4616:
4615:
4416:
4415:
4325:
4324:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4164:Pacific Northwest
4025:Standard Canadian
3956:
3955:
3901:
3900:
3841:
3840:
3511:www.dokeswick.com
3286:978-1-4810-9530-3
3178:orientated. Like
3172:Barrow-in-Furness
3161:Barrovian Dialect
2990:
2989:
2370:Spatry / Speeatry
2130:, and vice versa.
1694:drink (alcoholic)
1634:a daddy long legs
1584:sheepdog - collie
1358:drink (alcoholic)
1197:
1196:
1189:
1083:⟨y⟩
1077:⟨t⟩
1059:⟨r⟩
1039:⟨l⟩
1033:⟨t⟩
1029:⟨h⟩
1025:⟨h⟩
1021:⟨h⟩
1008:⟨k⟩
1004:⟨g⟩
946:
945:
824:
770:, 'shimmering').
762:, 'to jump') and
508:
507:
490:rendering support
486:phonetic symbols.
256:
255:
248:
238:
237:
230:
195:original research
176:
175:
168:
150:
73:
4766:
4628:English language
4513:
4512:
4334:
4333:
4317:Falkland Islands
4216:General American
4189:African-American
4042:
4041:
3976:
3975:
3965:
3964:
3667:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3647:
3646:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3589:Internet Archive
3587:, Kendal, 1907:
3503:Sounds Familiar?
3491:
3472:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3272:
3241:Cumbric language
3034:Patterdale (We2)
3019:Abbey Town (Cu2)
2595:
2594:
2578:Cumbrian numbers
2523:mint/class/necta
2505:where ye off ta?
2265:gey windy 'appen
2143:a division in a
1628:a narrow passage
1561:tyeble or teàble
1220:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1163:MOS:WORDSASWORDS
1148:
1147:
1140:
1128:
1110:
1084:
1078:
1060:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1009:
1005:
990:cure, pure, sure
951:
938:
928:
918:
907:
897:
886:
875:
865:
855:
840:
839:
825:
577:Celtic influence
563:Humber-Lune Line
511:Cumbrian dialect
476:
475:
473:
472:
471:
466:
465:54.500°N 3.250°W
462:
459:
458:
457:
454:
438:
429:
414:
352:Cumbrian dialect
347:Northern English
301:
261:Cumbrian dialect
258:
257:
251:
244:
233:
226:
222:
219:
213:
210:inline citations
186:
185:
178:
171:
164:
160:
157:
151:
149:
108:
84:
76:
65:
43:
42:
35:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4749:British English
4734:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4612:
4569:
4524:
4504:
4412:
4408:Solomon Islands
4377:
4321:
4303:
4235:
4226:New York Latino
4201:American Indian
4181:
4175:
4036:
4029:
3970:
3952:
3938:Channel Islands
3929:
3897:
3864:
3837:
3780:
3742:
3652:
3636:
3622:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3419:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3364:Whitehaven News
3358:
3357:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3314:
3310:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3232:
3186:, elsewhere in
3169:
3163:
3119:Robert Anderson
3107:labouring class
3092:Songs and Poems
3080:Susanna Blamire
3056:
3054:Cumbrian poetry
3025:Threlkeld (Cu4)
3006:
2586:
2584:Yan tan tethera
2580:
2419:
2292:
2237:
2137:
2104:wife/girlfriend
2020:
1777:
1608:swimming trunks
1491:
1484:almost, nearly.
1432:
1377:
1202:
1193:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1157:Manual of Style
1149:
1145:
1138:
1121:
1108:
1082:
1076:
1058:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1007:
1003:
998:
838:
815:
813:
690:
688:Norse influence
579:
559:
554:
488:Without proper
469:
467:
463:
460:
455:
452:
450:
448:
447:
441:
427:
410:
400:
379:
372:
302:
299:Language family
297:
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241:
240:
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223:
217:
214:
199:
187:
183:
172:
161:
155:
152:
109:
107:
97:
85:
44:
40:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4772:
4762:
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4756:
4751:
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4729:
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4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4670:
4668:Englishisation
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4614:
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4611:
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4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4575:Southeast Asia
4571:
4570:
4568:
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4562:
4557:
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4540:
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4526:
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4506:
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4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4490:South Atlantic
4487:
4486:
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4480:
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4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
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4435:
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4405:
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4398:
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4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4342:
4340:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4272:Cayman Islands
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4185:
4183:
4182:ethno-cultural
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3774:Stoke-on-Trent
3771:
3766:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3633:Modern English
3621:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3564:London, 1839:
3558:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3530:The BabelSheep
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3498:
3497:External links
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:978-1481095303
3486:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3449:Title page on
3442:
3428:
3413:
3399:
3385:
3351:
3337:
3323:
3308:
3292:
3285:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3165:Main article:
3162:
3159:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3043:Coniston (La1)
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3028:Hunsonby (Cu5)
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:Longtown (Cu1)
3005:
3002:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
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2963:
2959:
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2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:pedwar/pedair
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
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2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2582:Main article:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2567:not in the way
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2499:what ye deùin?
2496:
2490:
2484:
2481:whure ye frae?
2478:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2443:I'm going home
2438:
2432:
2426:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2383:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
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2323:
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2305:
2299:
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2280:
2277:yukken it doon
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2190:liggin' kessin
2187:
2181:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2050:awkward person
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
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1876:
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1864:
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1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1726:skemmy or skem
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1680:mockin or kack
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
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1371:
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1335:
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1323:
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1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1228:you (singular)
1223:
1213:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1120:
1117:
997:
994:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
944:
943:
940:
933:
932:
930:
923:
922:
920:
913:
912:
909:
902:
901:
899:
892:
891:
888:
881:
880:
877:
876:as in 'house'
870:
869:
867:
860:
859:
857:
850:
849:
846:
837:
834:
812:
809:
754:, 'to play'),
689:
686:
578:
575:
558:
555:
553:
550:
506:
505:
492:, you may see
478:
477:
470:54.500; -3.250
443:
442:
439:
431:
430:
425:
419:
418:
415:
407:
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405:Language codes
402:
401:
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398:
397:
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389:Middle English
382:
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305:
303:
296:
293:
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287:
283:
282:
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267:
266:Native to
263:
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236:
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190:
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181:
174:
173:
88:
86:
79:
74:
48:
47:
45:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4771:
4760:
4757:
4755:
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4716:
4714:
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4709:
4706:
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4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4688:International
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4682:
4679:
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4639:
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4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:Torres Strait
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4103:North-Central
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4081:New York City
4079:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Ottawa Valley
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3809:Multicultural
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3769:Black Country
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3759:West Midlands
3757:
3755:
3754:East Midlands
3752:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3452:
3446:
3438:
3432:
3424:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3395:
3389:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3347:
3341:
3333:
3327:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3048:
3046:Cartmel (La2)
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3022:Brigham (Cu3)
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3001:
3000:of the area.
2999:
2994:
2961:
2960:
2932:
2931:
2903:
2902:
2874:
2873:
2845:
2844:
2816:
2815:
2787:
2786:
2758:
2757:
2751:peswar/peder
2729:
2728:
2700:
2699:
2671:
2670:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2511:Ahreet, mate.
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2495:provoke fight
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2271:hoyin it doon
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:Farming terms
2129:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:messing about
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1262:where is the…
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1200:General words
1191:
1188:
1180:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1136:Dialect words
1133:
1130:
1127:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1036:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1001:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
960:
958:
955:
941:
935:
934:
931:
925:
924:
921:
919:as in 'boat'
915:
914:
910:
908:as in 'bide'
904:
903:
900:
898:as in 'bear'
894:
893:
889:
883:
882:
879:(North only)
878:
872:
871:
868:
866:as in 'bard'
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
847:
845:
842:
841:
833:
808:
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
782:Agnes Wheeler
778:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
746:, 'stream'),
745:
741:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
685:
683:
678:
676:
671:
668:
663:
661:
660:
655:
651:
650:
645:
642:'valley' and
641:
637:
636:
632:'hill' as in
631:
627:
626:
622:'fort' as in
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
574:
572:
568:
564:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
485:
479:
474:
446:Coordinates:
444:
437:
432:
428:en-u-sd-gbcma
426:
424:
420:
416:
413:
408:
403:
395:
392:
391:
390:
387:
386:
385:
381:
375:
353:
350:
349:
348:
345:
344:
343:
340:
339:
338:
335:
334:
333:
330:
329:
328:
327:Anglo-Frisian
325:
324:
323:
320:
319:
318:
317:West Germanic
315:
314:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:Indo-European
304:
300:
294:
291:
288:
284:
281:
278:
274:
271:
268:
264:
259:
250:
247:
232:
229:
221:
211:
207:
203:
197:
196:
191:This article
189:
180:
179:
170:
167:
159:
148:
145:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117: –
116:
112:
111:Find sources:
105:
101:
95:
94:
89:This article
87:
83:
78:
77:
72:
70:
63:
62:
57:
56:
51:
46:
37:
36:
33:
29:
22:
4473:South Africa
4468:Sierra Leone
4221:Miami Latino
4110:Philadelphia
4098:Inland North
4003:Newfoundland
3821:West Country
3683:
3635:by continent
3584:
3575:
3560:
3551:
3546:
3477:
3468:
3460:Bibliography
3451:Google Books
3445:
3431:
3416:
3402:
3388:
3376:. Retrieved
3372:the original
3363:
3354:
3340:
3326:
3317:
3311:
3300:
3295:
3276:
3270:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3111:Robert Burns
3098:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3084:Joseph Haydn
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:Josiah Relph
3057:
3037:Soulby (We3)
3007:
2995:
2991:
2754:pevar/peder
2622:High Furness
2589:
2587:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2541:Whoa's boddy
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2517:cought a bug
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2441:Aa’s gān yam
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2261:pouring rain
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:country lane
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2036:buwler/bewer
2035:
2029:
2023:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1632:jinnyspinner
1631:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1383:messy, muddy
1380:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:you (plural)
1232:yous / thous
1231:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1183:
1174:
1167:Please help
1154:
1131:
1122:
1112:
1106:
1104:(a place) .
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1019:
1015:
1002:
999:
989:
981:
977:
975:
972:'file' >
969:'fail' >
966:'fool' >
963:'feel' >
947:
939:as in 'boo'
929:as in 'bud'
887:as in 'bay'
856:as in 'bad'
830:
804:
800:
794:
789:
785:
779:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
696:, spoken by
691:
679:
672:
664:
657:
653:
647:
643:
639:
633:
629:
623:
619:
580:
560:
545:
541:
514:
510:
509:
481:
351:
242:
224:
215:
192:
162:
153:
143:
136:
129:
122:
110:
98:Please help
93:verification
90:
66:
59:
53:
52:Please help
49:
32:
4598:Philippines
4391:New Zealand
4277:Bay Islands
4257:The Bahamas
4180:Social and
4137:New Orleans
4054:New England
3948:Isle of Man
3893:Port Talbot
3794:East Anglia
3711:Northumbria
2607:Westmorland
2549:How are you
2487:hoos't gān?
2304:Cockermouth
2230:sheep (ewe)
2216:farm-yakker
2204:a gate post
2168:fodder gang
2090:t'oal fella
2048:gammerstang
1965:make fun of
1823:clout/cluwt
1567:clout/cluwt
1501:bab'e/bairn
1389:intoxicated
1260:where’s t’…
1226:thee / thou
1177:August 2022
1071:gimmer hogg
775:Middle Ages
710:Isle of Man
682:Old English
649:Glenridding
612:Strathclyde
571:Northumbria
527:Westmorland
517:is a local
496:instead of
468: /
384:Old English
378:Early forms
4738:Categories
4538:Bangladesh
4530:South Asia
4483:Cape Flats
4433:The Gambia
4358:Aboriginal
4194:vernacular
4159:California
4132:High Tider
4127:Appalachia
3988:Aboriginal
3920:South-West
3764:Birmingham
3721:Sunderland
3706:Manchester
3696:Lancashire
3262:References
3176:Lancashire
3103:John Stagg
2998:sociolects
2565:out t'road
2475:who ar ye?
2423:assa marra
2412:Workington
2342:Merrypoort
2267:very windy
2128:Workington
2124:Whitehaven
2096:t'oal lass
2042:cus or cuz
1911:lying down
1375:Adjectives
1129:"acorn" .
1102:Thorfinsty
996:Consonants
954:epenthetic
844:RP English
730:Elterwater
702:Norse-Gael
604:Lancashire
531:Lancashire
523:Cumberland
202:improve it
126:newspapers
55:improve it
4603:Singapore
4565:Sri Lanka
4520:Hong Kong
4346:variation
4338:Australia
4249:Caribbean
4115:Baltimore
3998:Lunenburg
3943:Gibraltar
3860:Highlands
3738:Yorkshire
3701:Liverpool
3562:Counties.
3196:Barrovian
3180:Liverpool
3167:Barrovian
3064:Pastorals
3049:Dent (Y5)
2812:c'hwec'h
2806:chwe(ch)
2745:medderte
2725:tri/teir
2722:tri/teyr
2719:tri/tair
2716:tedderte
2707:tetherie
2696:daou/div
2667:unan/ un
2664:onen/unn
2455:and what?
2449:Have you?
2386:Wukington
2354:Mirehouse
2302:Cockamuth
2120:jam eater
2038:ugly girl
1851:to fidget
1734:small eel
1702:push bike
1698:push iron
1555:cack/kack
848:Cumbrian
784:in 1790.
734:eltr vatn
726:Kent dalr
718:Ulfrs tun
714:Ulverston
694:Old Norse
659:High Crag
608:Yorkshire
596:Old Welsh
592:Brythonic
588:Brigantes
412:ISO 639-3
286:Ethnicity
206:verifying
61:talk page
4723:Standard
4693:Learning
4681:Nerrière
4672:Globish
4588:Malaysia
4560:Pakistan
4500:Zimbabwe
4428:Cameroon
4262:Barbados
3993:Atlantic
3961:Americas
3878:Abercraf
3847:Scotland
3826:Cornwall
3747:Midlands
3731:Teesside
3726:Tyneside
3716:Pitmatic
3679:Cheshire
3625:Dialects
3378:20 March
3368:CN Group
3230:See also
3184:Scotland
2954:pymthek
2951:pymtheg
2884:leckera
2855:seckera
2820:lethera
2791:sethera
2739:meddera
2736:peddera
2733:methera
2710:teddera
2704:tethera
2693:dew/diw
2690:dau/dwy
2547:Hoo'ista
2493:gān then
2453:an what?
2447:’ave ye?
2394:Wukintun
2390:Wukinton
2380:Trappena
2376:Trepenah
2372:Aspatria
2360:Sandwith
2344:Maryport
2338:Longtown
2336:Langtoon
2308:Jam Land
2152:cow shed
2122:used in
2102:our lass
2060:offcomer
2013:to throw
1947:to throw
1929:run away
1905:look for
1720:shillies
1650:ket/kets
1644:keppards
1537:britches
1513:bait bag
1495:attercop
1411:ladgeful
1320:(h)areet
708:and the
625:Carlisle
584:Carvetii
502:Help:IPA
312:Germanic
218:May 2017
156:May 2017
4653:Engrish
4648:E-Prime
4621:Related
4608:Vietnam
4593:Myanmar
4463:Nigeria
4458:Namibia
4448:Liberia
4330:Oceania
4312:Bermuda
4284:Jamaica
4211:Chicano
4049:Midland
4035:United
3971:America
3907:Ireland
3883:Cardiff
3855:Glasgow
3804:Cockney
3684:Cumbria
3662:England
3653:Britain
3629:accents
3547:Books:
3246:Dialect
3236:Cumbria
3208:'oliday
3192:Ireland
3188:England
3117:worker
2965:giggot
2957:pemzek
2945:bumfit
2942:bumfit
2939:bumfit
2936:bumfit
2890:dowera
2887:lowera
2881:hornie
2878:dovera
2861:lowera
2849:hovera
2832:slaata
2794:teezie
2742:pedera
2632:Cornish
2612:Eskdale
2602:Keswick
2598:
2590:Cumbric
2519:illness
2471:wh'ista
2417:Phrases
2410:Wucki'n
2398:Wukiton
2366:Silloth
2358:Sanneth
2348:Mire-Us
2316:Penrith
2253:mizzlin
2241:hossing
2235:Weather
2172:shuppon
2145:shuppon
2001:working
1953:look at
1817:clarten
1811:chunder
1704:bicycle
1658:a stick
1606:dookers
1582:cur dog
1525:biddies
1430:Adverbs
1387:kaylied
1326:be reet
1278:hoo'doo
1126:yakeren
1016:finger.
942:, or
706:Ireland
700:and/or
635:Penrith
616:Cumbric
498:Unicode
453:54°30′N
337:Anglian
290:English
280:Cumbria
270:England
200:Please
140:scholar
28:Cumbric
4676:Gogate
4583:Brunei
4495:Uganda
4478:accent
4453:Malawi
4421:Africa
4396:accent
4351:accent
4294:Samaná
4267:Bequia
4086:accent
4059:Boston
4037:States
4020:Quebec
3980:Canada
3969:North
3925:Ulster
3915:Dublin
3831:Dorset
3689:Barrow
3651:Great
3642:Europe
3580:Google
3578:1866:
3570:Google
3566:Google
3556:Google
3554:1828:
3484:
3283:
3115:calico
2986:ugent
2983:ugens
2980:ugain
2948:mimph
2858:owera
2852:katra
2841:seizh
2838:seyth
2835:saith
2829:mithy
2823:mithy
2809:whegh
2803:haata
2684:peina
2681:taena
2652:yaena
2637:Breton
2617:Millom
2406:Wuki'n
2402:Wukitn
2352:My-Rus
2322:Kendal
2320:Kendul
2314:Pereth
2298:Barrow
2290:Places
2259:syling
2247:glisky
2196:lonnin
2098:mother
2092:father
2078:charva
2072:gadgey
2066:potter
2018:People
1993:whisht
1951:scower
1933:radged
1909:liggin
1855:gander
1849:fistle
1842:fettle
1744:watter
1716:a mess
1656:kebbie
1652:sweets
1625:ginnel
1612:fratch
1600:doilem
1596:toilet
1576:/craic
1497:spider
1436:barrie
1393:kystie
1381:clarty
1368:yan/yā
1356:bevvie
1338:yonder
1290:cannae
1272:divn't
1256:, mine
1119:Stress
1113:clarty
1098:clarty
1067:gimmer
836:Vowels
768:gliskr
764:glisky
760:hlaupa
722:Kendal
652:, and
600:Rheged
456:3°15′W
332:Anglic
276:Region
142:
135:
128:
121:
113:
4718:Plain
4633:Basic
4555:Nepal
4543:India
4443:Kenya
4438:Ghana
4403:Palau
4363:South
4206:Cajun
4147:Texas
4142:Older
4122:South
4093:North
4069:Maine
3888:Gower
3870:Wales
3786:South
3671:North
2919:dick
2910:dick
2907:dick
2870:eizh
2864:wyth
2826:lofa
2800:ithy
2797:hofa
2783:pemp
2780:pymp
2777:pump
2774:pimp
2771:pimp
2768:pimp
2762:peen
2713:para
2687:taen
2678:tyan
2675:tyan
2655:aina
2627:Welsh
2364:Sloth
2330:Kesik
2326:Kezik
2296:Barra
2212:yakka
2208:yakka
2202:stoop
2141:boose
2114:lasso
2108:laddo
2084:marra
2068:gypsy
2026:child
1999:wukin
1987:twine
1969:smowk
1939:ratch
1917:throw
1893:throw
1875:going
1813:vomit
1801:chase
1799:chess
1775:Verbs
1746:water
1738:steàn
1714:scrow
1708:scran
1692:peeve
1676:maybe
1674:mebby
1664:money
1662:lewer
1638:kecks
1618:feàce
1602:idiot
1574:crack
1563:table
1549:beùts
1489:Nouns
1482:vanya
1478:vanna
1462:ovver
1417:slape
1401:small
1316:Right
1284:canna
1266:deùin
1222:yours
957:schwa
952:, an
744:bekkr
732:from
724:from
716:from
698:Norse
654:craig
644:redïn
640:glinn
538:Scots
147:JSTOR
133:books
4509:Asia
4386:Fiji
4373:West
4289:Saba
4154:West
4074:West
4064:East
3627:and
3482:ISBN
3380:2010
3281:ISBN
3202:and
3190:and
2928:dek
2925:dek
2922:deg
2916:dig
2913:dec
2899:nav
2896:naw
2893:naw
2867:eth
2765:pip
2658:yan
2649:yan
2646:yan
2283:warm
2224:gate
2214:and
2186:cows
2178:kack
2162:dyke
2150:byre
2030:boyo
1981:twat
1963:skit
1957:shag
1945:scop
1927:nash
1923:jump
1921:lowp
1903:lait
1899:play
1897:laik
1885:hoik
1857:look
1835:doss
1829:deek
1805:chor
1793:bray
1787:bowk
1781:beal
1768:heùk
1764:gate
1732:snig
1728:beer
1710:food
1670:ears
1668:lugs
1646:ears
1620:face
1590:cake
1588:ceàk
1545:boat
1543:byat
1507:bait
1503:baby
1474:such
1458:ower
1454:very
1448:very
1446:gurt
1442:geet
1438:good
1350:nowt
1314:reet
1304:from
1302:frae
1240:gate
1090:home
1063:ross
1053:pole
1046:wool
1031:and
1012:coda
1006:and
982:poor
980:and
978:moor
937:/uː/
917:/əʊ/
906:/aɪ/
896:/eə/
885:/eɪ/
874:/aʊ/
864:/ɑː/
756:lowp
752:leik
748:laik
739:beck
673:The
620:caer
606:and
540:. A
529:and
423:IETF
119:news
3631:of
3101:of
2962:20
2933:15
2904:10
2661:un
2350:or
2228:yow
2222:yat
2156:cop
2074:man
2054:mot
2011:yuk
2005:yit
1975:sow
1915:lob
1891:hoy
1879:git
1873:gān
1861:gan
1783:cry
1762:yat
1756:yam
1750:wuk
1700:or
1594:den
1531:bog
1519:bar
1472:sic
1468:sec
1452:gey
1423:yon
1405:oal
1399:lāl
1370:One
1362:eh?
1344:owt
1332:nèa
1308:yon
1296:deù
1254:our
1238:yat
1208:aye
1087:yam
1050:pow
1043:woo
950:/l/
927:/ʌ/
854:/æ/
805:ont
801:int
630:pen
610:to
513:or
484:IPA
204:by
102:by
4740::
3366:.
3362:.
2977:-
2974:-
2971:-
2968:-
2875:9
2846:8
2817:7
2788:6
2759:5
2730:4
2701:3
2672:2
2643:1
2408:,
2404:,
2400:,
2396:,
2392:,
2388:,
2378:,
2328:,
2184:ky
1869:go
1867:gā
1334:No
1298:do
1250:me
1248:es
1246:,
1244:us
1094:-y
1073:.
1069:;
1065:;
1055:.
1048:;
662:.
638:,
628:,
548:.
525:,
64:.
3617:e
3610:t
3603:v
3572:)
3568:(
3490:.
3382:.
3334:.
3289:.
3224:n
3220:t
3216:o
3212:h
3204:t
3200:h
2473:*
2218:)
2174:)
1480:/
1470:/
1460:/
1444:/
1190:)
1184:(
1179:)
1175:(
1171:.
1165:.
1159:.
766:(
758:(
750:(
742:(
504:.
417:–
249:)
243:(
231:)
225:(
220:)
216:(
198:.
169:)
163:(
158:)
154:(
144:·
137:·
130:·
123:·
96:.
71:)
67:(
30:.
23:.
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