603:
with fire or the sword, or, such of them as came out, with the lance, so that when it was nearly dark there remained only three alive; and these, taking the women that had been brought to dance, placed the twenty in front, who, crossing their hands, made signs to us that we should come for them. The
Christians advancing toward the women, these turned aside, and the three men behind them shot their arrows at us, when we killed two of them. The last Indian, not to surrender, climbed a tree that was in the fence, and taking the cord from his bow, tied it about his neck, and from a limb hanged himself.
598:
ensuing scuffle, the chief had his arm cut off by the
Spaniard's sword. With this, the Mabilians attacked the Spanish, who immediately ran for the gate and their horses. Natives came from all of the houses and attacked the Spaniards. The Mabilians grabbed the provisions and equipment left outside the palisade and brought the supplies into the town. After making it outside, the Spaniards regrouped and assaulted the village. After numerous assaults and many hours (the battle lasted eight or nine hours), the Spaniards were able to hack holes into the walls of the palisade and reenter the town.
490:. The chief sat unmoved. Afterward the Indians served the Spaniards food, and the residents of Atahachi danced in the plaza. This reminded the Spaniards of rural dances in their own country. When de Soto demanded porters and women from the chief, the chief said that he was accustomed to being served, and not vice versa. De Soto had Tuskaloosa taken hostage. The expedition began making plans to leave the next day, and Tuskaloosa relented, providing bearers for the Spaniards. He informed de Soto that they would have to go to his town of
590:
332:
525:
504:
claimed his people did not have any. The expedition was forced to wait two days as they built rafts to cross to the north side of the river. After crossing, they noticed that two
Spaniards were missing, Juan de Villalobos (who liked to explore the countryside) and an unnamed man looking for a runaway Indian slave. De Soto ordered Tuskaloosa to have his people produced or he would be burned at the stake; the chief said only that the men would be returned at Mabila.
198:
630:, deerskins, and other goods, finding many wounded and dead Mabilians in the houses. The natives had made two serious mistakes: they had not realized the Spaniards' advantage when mounted on horses, and they had relied too heavily on their palisade. Once the Spanish breached the palisade, the Mabilians were too crowded in the village to mount a successful defense.
56:
597:
When de Soto sent men into the house to retrieve the chief, they discovered it was full of armed warriors prepared to protect their chief. De Soto asked the Chief of Mabila to demand the porters promised by
Tuskaloosa, and the Spaniards would leave. The man refused, and a Spaniard grabbed him; in the
503:
The expedition departed
Atachaci on October 12, and the next day arrived in the village of Piachi, situated high on a cliff overlooking the Alabama River. Here the Spaniards began noticing signs of resistance from the native population. De Soto demanded canoes from the people of Piachi, but the chief
450:
or mantle of feathers down to his feet, very imposing; he was seated on some high cushions, and many of the principal men among his
Indians were with him. He was as tall as that Tony (Antonico) of the Emperor, our lord's guard, and well proportioned, a fine and comely figure of a man. He had a son, a
385:
Tuskaloosa sent an envoy led by his son and several head men to meet the
Spanish in Talisi. The envoy intended to assess Spanish expedition in order to prepare a trap for them. The Spanish rested at Talisi for several weeks, then departed on October 5. During the next several days, they reached about
376:
Once the Chief of Talisi had shown his obedience by supplying the
Spaniards with requested deerskins, food, bearers, and women, de Soto released the paramount chief of Coosa, whom they had held hostage while traveling through his territory. The Coosa chief was angry that he had been taken so far from
602:
We entered the town and set it on fire, whereby a number of
Indians were burned, and all that we had was consumed, so that there remained not a thing. We fought that day until nightfall, without a single Indian having surrendered to us- they fighting bravely on like lions. We killed them all, either
515:
every so often for archers to shoot from. The
Spaniards knew something was amiss: the population of the town was almost exclusively male, young warriors and men of status. There were several women, but no children. The Spaniards also noticed the palisade had been recently strengthened, and that all
433:
Chapter VII-In which is related what happened to the commander Hernando de Soto, in his intercourse with the Chief of Tascaluza...who was such a tall man that he seemed a giant: Sunday, October 10, 1540, the Governor entered the village of Tascaluça, which is called Athahachi, a recent village. And
625:
The Spaniards burned down Mabila, and nearly all the Mabilians and their allies were killed, either in the battle, in the subsequent fires, or by suicide. Chief Tuskaloosa's son was found among the dead, although the chief was not. Biedma asserts that over five thousand were in the town, of which
580:
skins as a gift. De Soto and several of his men dismounted and entered the town, as the native bearers placed the Spaniards' supplies next to the palisade. The Mabilians danced and sang to the Spaniards, seemingly to allay their fears and to distract them. While the spectacle unfolded, Tuskaloosa
516:
trees, bushes and even weeds had been cleared from outside the settlement for the length of a crossbow shot. Outside the palisade in the field, they saw an older warrior haranguing younger men, or leading them in mock skirmishes and military exercises.
585:
houses on the plaza. De Soto sent Juan Ortiz to retrieve him, but the Mabilians refused him entrance to the house. Tuskaloosa told de Soto and his expedition to leave in peace, or he and his allies would force him to leave.
152:
Contemporary records describe the paramount chief as being very tall and well built, with some of the chroniclers saying Tuaskaloosa stood a foot and a half taller than the Spaniards. His name, derived from the western
381:
kinship system. De Soto evidently thought Talisi was subject to Coosa, although the village was closer to Tuskaloosa. As such the chief may have had dual allegiances to both chiefdoms and balanced between them.
1043:
307:, often engaging in violent conflict with the indigenous peoples. As they traveled, the expedition kidnapped natives to act as bearers and interpreters of the many different language families (Muskogean,
451:
young man as tall as himself but more slender. Before this chief there stood always an Indian of graceful mien holding a parasol on a handle something like a round and very large fly fan, with a
2711:
1023:
479:, a dangerous sport involving jousting with lances. The men occasionally feinted toward Tuskaloosa, hoping to frighten him, a technique of manipulation de Soto had used against the
581:
told de Soto he was tired of marching with the Spaniards, and wished to stay in Mabila. De Soto refused, and the chief asked to confer with some of his nobles in one of the large
421:
De Soto sent a messenger to tell the chief he and his army had arrived, and the chief responded that they could go to the court whenever de Soto liked. The next day de Soto sent
149:. After being taken hostage by the Spanish as they passed through his territory, Tuskaloosa organized a surprise attack on his captors at Mabila, but was ultimately defeated.
1318:
1011:
1887:
399:
3718:
373:
developed near here. The chief of Talisi and his vassals had fled the town before them, but de Soto sent messages to the chief, who returned on September 25.
3789:
2744:
1449:
971:
398:, the boundary between the Coosa and the Tuskaloosa. The next day they camped on the Coosa River, across from the village of Humati, near the mouth of
2701:
1164:
3815:
1907:
1293:
1004:
395:
1749:
2766:
2464:
3287:
1897:
3835:
3763:
1940:
997:
926:
463:
and alighted from his horse and went up to him, he did not rise, but remained passive in perfect composure and as if he had been a king.
3703:
3392:
3462:
3252:
2737:
1950:
507:
On October 18, de Soto and the expedition arrived at Mabila, a small, heavily fortified village situated on a plain. It had a wooden
3357:
3152:
1571:
1567:
533:
377:
his home village and that de Soto still held his sister. She was likely the mother of his successor as chief, as the tribe had a
3825:
3227:
3162:
3142:
323:
to guarantee safe passage through his territory. By October 1540, the expedition had reached the middle of modern-day Alabama.
3367:
1212:
1134:
626:
almost none was able to escape. For several weeks afterward, the Spanish made forays to neighboring villages for supplies of
425:
to tell the chief that they were on their way. The paramount village was a large, recently built, fortified community with a
2730:
1411:
902:"Late Mississippian/Protohistoric Ceramic Chronology and Cultural Change in the Lower Tallapoosa and Alabama River Valleys"
768:
657:
550:
is a platform mound and fortified village site located at the confluence of the Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Alabama Rivers near
3748:
3723:
3673:
3137:
2585:
1589:
1401:
1376:
1308:
1154:
641:
452:
3497:
3277:
3102:
1709:
1338:
1313:
1217:
709:
245:
227:
3840:
3242:
2154:
1391:
17:
500:) to receive the women. De Soto gave the chief a pair of boots and a red cloak to reward him for his cooperation.
3743:
3708:
3512:
3382:
3232:
3187:
2661:
1499:
1232:
662:
3830:
3653:
3447:
3422:
3342:
3034:
2778:
2174:
1739:
1124:
1114:
429:
and plaza. Upon entering the village, de Soto was taken to meet the chief under a portico on top of the mound.
223:
173:
of many territories, and of numerous people, being equally feared by his vassals and the neighbouring nations.
2491:
2258:
2243:
2119:
1882:
1694:
1242:
1179:
1159:
267:
3658:
3207:
2522:
2501:
2060:
2020:
1804:
1426:
1381:
1288:
1257:
979:
3753:
3522:
3107:
3092:
2966:
2454:
2428:
2253:
2189:
2139:
1464:
1431:
1038:
850:
697:
644:
valleys, and other native peoples came together to form a confederacy that became the tribe known as the
219:
31:
3362:
3117:
2050:
1935:
1917:
1769:
1704:
944:
842:
786:
685:
576:
As de Soto approached the town, the chief of Mabila came out to greet him, bringing him three robes of
340:
3580:
3532:
1809:
1139:
169:'s appearance was full of dignity he was tall of person, muscular, lean, and symmetrical. He was the
3054:
727:
Narratives of the Career of Hernando De Soto in the Conquest of Florida as told by a Knight of Elvas
3467:
3322:
3292:
2851:
2753:
2213:
1985:
1955:
1689:
422:
339:
expedition route through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama. Based on
208:
3758:
3492:
3482:
3442:
3317:
3049:
2984:
2671:
2481:
2361:
2308:
2169:
1844:
1839:
1799:
459:, in the middle of a black field, and the cross was white. And although the Governor entered the
212:
123:. His people were possibly ancestors to the several southern Native American confederacies (the
3427:
3147:
2994:
2937:
2871:
2856:
2654:
2336:
1902:
1634:
1494:
1386:
1371:
1298:
281:
262:'s expedition, which arrived in North America in 1539. De Soto had been appointed Governor of
3621:
3555:
3502:
3397:
3297:
3064:
3029:
3019:
2960:
1629:
1594:
1237:
1027:
989:
930:
886:
637:
559:
370:
109:
725:
Gentleman of Elvas (1557). "Chapter XVII, Of How the Governor went from Coca to Tastaluca".
3820:
3192:
3044:
2916:
2624:
1819:
1654:
1184:
1129:
296:
800:
701:
8:
3683:
2979:
2906:
2881:
2846:
2826:
2629:
2590:
2537:
2288:
2238:
2223:
2159:
2144:
2097:
1859:
1579:
1479:
1366:
456:
132:
38:
3768:
3312:
3307:
3167:
3014:
2950:
2931:
2866:
2861:
2793:
2676:
2318:
2233:
2134:
2087:
1990:
1970:
1877:
1794:
1729:
1664:
1072:
812:
634:
154:
2886:
414:, and by the end of the day, his party was within a few miles of Tuskalusa's village,
3794:
3595:
3302:
3059:
3039:
2821:
2527:
2517:
2423:
2278:
2164:
2129:
2077:
2045:
2010:
2005:
1945:
1927:
1892:
1834:
1784:
1744:
1659:
1454:
1416:
1361:
1144:
1107:
938:
780:
730:
705:
551:
407:
316:
291:, with 600–1,000 men and 200 horses and began a circuitous exploration of modern-day
882:
3738:
3575:
3527:
3477:
3417:
3332:
3257:
3247:
3222:
3177:
3024:
2974:
2955:
2945:
2896:
2891:
2559:
2554:
2542:
2486:
2476:
2303:
2107:
2025:
1960:
1669:
1516:
1489:
1459:
1262:
1252:
411:
336:
308:
259:
146:
139:
347:
Tuskaloosa's province consisted of a series of villages, located mostly along the
3631:
3585:
3337:
3282:
3272:
3132:
2911:
2841:
2836:
2816:
2783:
2666:
2607:
2564:
2547:
2532:
2293:
2263:
1995:
1759:
1724:
1714:
1674:
1396:
1343:
1303:
1227:
1189:
1062:
690:
589:
582:
524:
356:
271:
105:
772:
475:
Moscoso and his men mounted their horses and galloped around the plaza, playing
319:, and others) of the Southeast. The conquistadors frequently took a local chief
3713:
3698:
3688:
3327:
3157:
3112:
3009:
2921:
2876:
2706:
2639:
2634:
2602:
2569:
2351:
2218:
2065:
1789:
1639:
1614:
1604:
1119:
435:
426:
378:
361:
300:
288:
3590:
2722:
3809:
3570:
3565:
3457:
3407:
3402:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3122:
2999:
2811:
2788:
2649:
2469:
2398:
2356:
2313:
2273:
2248:
2102:
2035:
2030:
2000:
1849:
1824:
1734:
1684:
1599:
1536:
1469:
1222:
1169:
1077:
729:. Kallman Publishing Co. (1968), Translated by Buckingham Smith. p. 81.
555:
547:
352:
331:
355:
rivers. Each village had its own chief, who was a vassal to Tuskaloosa, the
3773:
3728:
3678:
3668:
3648:
3616:
3517:
3472:
3452:
3237:
3217:
3182:
3097:
3082:
2901:
2773:
2696:
2496:
2459:
2328:
2228:
2179:
2082:
2040:
1814:
1779:
1644:
1619:
1546:
1531:
1521:
1509:
1421:
1406:
1323:
1278:
1022:
927:"Relation of the Conquest of Florida presented by Luys Hernandez de Biedma"
540:
143:
769:"A Narrative of de Soto's Expedition based on the Diary of Rodrigo Ranjel"
3626:
3507:
3487:
3352:
3212:
3202:
3087:
2831:
2597:
2449:
2393:
2341:
2055:
1912:
1699:
1609:
1553:
1504:
1283:
1174:
1149:
1102:
1087:
348:
180:
Narratives of the Career of Hernando De Soto in the Conquest of Florida
3663:
3560:
3432:
3347:
3172:
2346:
2298:
2268:
2208:
2015:
1774:
1584:
1526:
1484:
1474:
1328:
1207:
734:
438:
at one side of the square, his head covered by a kind of coif like the
276:
170:
116:
55:
3262:
3437:
3267:
2418:
2408:
2388:
2283:
2092:
1980:
1872:
1649:
1333:
1247:
841:
487:
483:
312:
901:
593:
Artist's conception of the burning of Mabila, illustration by H. Roe
197:
3636:
3600:
3550:
3412:
3197:
2644:
2612:
1829:
1754:
1097:
1092:
508:
128:
112:
546:
encountered by the de Soto expedition in 1540. The Big Eddy phase
3643:
3127:
3004:
2926:
2619:
2433:
2413:
1867:
1764:
1082:
645:
512:
320:
304:
292:
124:
120:
899:
2989:
2200:
2070:
1719:
1624:
577:
571:
492:
386:
one village of the Tuskaloosa province per day. These included
72:
1019:
258:
Tuskaloosa and his chiefdom are recorded in the chronicles of
3733:
2403:
2149:
1679:
1541:
820:
University of South Alabama Center for Archaeological Studies
627:
460:
443:
131:
peoples) who later emerged in the region. The modern city of
3693:
480:
402:. On October 8 they came to a newly built settlement named
263:
446:'s which gave him an aspect of authority; he also wore a
27:
16th-century Mississippian chief in present-day Alabama
864:
862:
860:
750:
748:
746:
744:
633:
Over the next few centuries, the Tuskaloosa, Coosa,
857:
741:
724:
689:
684:
970:
929:. Buckingham Smith (trans.). 1554. Archived from
771:. Edward G. Bourne (trans.). 1554. Archived from
3807:
365:, the de Soto expedition came to the village of
280:. This was believed to comprise what is now the
2752:
556:Fort Toulouse-Fort Jackson State Historic Site
2738:
1005:
142:at his fortified village against the Spanish
883:"Mound at Fort Toulouse – Fort Jackson Park"
558:and is one of the locations included on the
900:Jenkins, Ned J.; Sheldon, Craig T. (2016).
805:
718:
226:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2745:
2731:
1012:
998:
457:Knights of the Order of St. John of Rhodes
369:on September 18, 1540; the modern town of
3253:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
326:
246:Learn how and when to remove this message
588:
523:
434:the chief was on a kind of balcony on a
394:, another village on a stream, possibly
330:
60:Chief Tuskaloosa. Illustration by H. Roe
3816:South Appalachian Mississippian culture
921:
919:
539:has been tentatively identified as the
534:South Appalachian Mississippian culture
528:Artist's conception of the Taskigi Site
14:
3808:
837:
835:
761:
270:of Spain, who directed him to conquer
138:Tuskaloosa is notable for leading the
2726:
993:
845:; Carmen Chavez Tesser, eds. (1994).
692:Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun
680:
678:
658:Known Mississippian culture chiefdoms
187:
916:
410:. On October 9, de Soto crossed the
224:adding citations to reliable sources
191:
3724:Norse colonization of North America
832:
813:"The Old Mobile Project Newsletter"
615:
565:
442:, so that his headdress was like a
24:
3836:Native American history of Alabama
1028:Mississippian and related cultures
675:
562:"Alabama Indigenous Mound Trail".
25:
3852:
640:peoples from the Mississippi and
554:. It is preserved as part of the
1021:
196:
54:
3744:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2662:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
964:
951:
893:
663:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
1044:Timeline of Mississippi valley
976:Choctaw Genesis – 1500 to 1700
906:Journal of Alabama Archaeology
875:
794:
519:
359:. After traveling through the
13:
1:
3826:16th-century Native Americans
2244:Grand Village of the Illinois
668:
560:University of Alabama Museums
287:In 1539, De Soto landed near
3709:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
3659:Eastern Agricultural Complex
2021:Grand Village of the Natchez
980:University of Nebraska Press
620:
390:, situated on a stream; and
83:Cacique (Chief) of Tuskalusa
7:
3093:Bandelier National Monument
2967:List of Mississippian sites
2754:Pre-Columbian North America
1039:List of Mississippian sites
851:University of Georgia Press
698:University of Georgia Press
651:
32:Tuscaloosa (disambiguation)
10:
3857:
3513:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
3118:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
2827:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
569:
36:
29:
3782:
3754:Three Sisters agriculture
3609:
3541:
3073:
2802:
2760:
2689:
2578:
2510:
2442:
2381:
2374:
2327:
2199:
2188:
2118:
1969:
1926:
1858:
1566:
1440:
1352:
1271:
1198:
1061:
1052:
1034:
791:/20th century translation
165:, means "Black Warrior".
79:
65:
53:
46:
3293:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
2852:Buttermilk Creek complex
1956:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
423:Luis de Moscoso Alvarado
30:Not to be confused with
3841:Native American leaders
3493:Town Creek Indian Mound
3463:Sierra de San Francisco
3318:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
2586:Ballgame (Southeastern)
2482:Long-nosed god maskette
2362:SunWatch Indian Village
2309:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs
2170:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
847:The Forgotten Centuries
455:similar to that of the
406:, possibly near modern
3148:Coso Rock Art District
3035:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
2938:List of Hopewell sites
2337:Alligator Effigy Mound
1951:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
1903:Leon-Jefferson culture
1299:Caborn-Welborn culture
943:: CS1 maint: others (
785:: CS1 maint: others (
613:
594:
544:Province of Tuskaloosa
529:
473:
344:
327:Province of Tuskaloosa
282:Southern United States
185:
3831:Chiefs of the Choctaw
3556:Arlington Springs Man
3398:Portsmouth Earthworks
1066:and Upper Mississippi
887:University of Alabama
600:
592:
527:
431:
371:Childersburg, Alabama
334:
178:Gentleman of Elvas -
167:
3764:Transoceanic contact
3654:Container Revolution
3228:Gila Cliff Dwellings
3193:Etowah Indian Mounds
2625:Earth/fertility cult
2329:Fort Ancient culture
1213:Dogtooth Bend Mounds
1199:Lower Ohio River and
1185:Steed-Kisker culture
511:encircling it, with
220:improve this section
135:, is named for him.
104:) (died 1540) was a
3684:Green Corn Ceremony
3498:Turkey River Mounds
3288:Lake Jackson Mounds
3108:Blue Spring Shelter
2630:Green Corn Ceremony
2190:Upper Mississippian
2140:Blue Spring Shelter
1860:Fort Walton culture
1314:Hovey Lake District
469:Rodrigo Ranjel 1544
133:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
115:in what is now the
39:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
3769:Underwater panther
3443:Rosenstock Village
3313:Marmes Rockshelter
3298:L'Anse aux Meadows
2712:de Soto Expedition
2677:Underwater panther
2523:Central Algonquian
2234:Fisher Mound Group
1878:Apalachee Province
1845:Waddells Mill Pond
686:Hudson, Charles M.
595:
530:
345:
335:A map showing the
188:De Soto expedition
155:Muskogean language
37:For the city, see
3803:
3802:
3795:Pre-Columbian era
3596:Spirit Cave mummy
3393:Plum Bayou Mounds
3303:Lynch Quarry Site
2822:Ancient Beringian
2720:
2719:
2685:
2684:
2370:
2369:
1986:Atchafalaya Basin
1928:Pensacola culture
1893:Fort Walton Mound
1785:Punk Rock Shelter
1745:Mouse Creek phase
1568:South Appalachian
1562:
1561:
1441:Central and Lower
1382:Castalian Springs
1372:Brentwood Library
1272:Middle Ohio River
1125:Emerald Acropolis
972:Patricia Galloway
959:Knights of Spain,
870:Knights of Spain,
843:Charles M. Hudson
801:es:Juego de cañas
552:Wetumpka, Alabama
408:Wetumpka, Alabama
341:Charles M. Hudson
256:
255:
248:
87:
86:
16:(Redirected from
3848:
3739:Projectile point
3576:Leanderthal Lady
3503:Upward Sun River
3478:Stallings Island
3468:Shell ring sites
3418:Recapture Canyon
3333:Moorehead Circle
3178:El Fin del Mundo
3163:Cueva de la Olla
2969:
2956:Maritime Archaic
2940:
2770:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2487:Mill Creek chert
2477:Duck River cache
2379:
2378:
2197:
2196:
1961:Pensacola people
1755:Muscogee (Creek)
1595:Bell Field Mound
1309:Hovey Lake-Klein
1263:Wickliffe Mounds
1238:Rowlandton Mound
1155:Lunsford-Pulcher
1059:
1058:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1007:
1000:
991:
990:
984:
983:
968:
962:
955:
949:
948:
942:
934:
923:
914:
913:
897:
891:
890:
879:
873:
866:
855:
854:
839:
830:
829:
827:
826:
817:
809:
803:
798:
792:
790:
784:
776:
765:
759:
756:Knights of Spain
752:
739:
738:
722:
716:
715:
695:
682:
616:After the battle
611:
609:Luys Biedma 1544
566:Battle of Mabila
471:
412:Tallapoosa River
260:Hernando de Soto
251:
244:
240:
237:
231:
200:
192:
183:
147:Hernando de Soto
140:Battle of Mabila
58:
44:
43:
21:
18:Chief Tuskaloosa
3856:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3790:Genetic history
3778:
3632:Ceremonial pipe
3605:
3586:Minnesota Woman
3543:
3537:
3358:Ocmulgee Mounds
3338:Morrison Mounds
3283:Kolomoki Mounds
3273:Kimball Village
3133:Candelaria Cave
3075:
3069:
3050:Suwannee Valley
2985:Old Cordilleran
2965:
2936:
2804:
2798:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2721:
2716:
2702:Clarksdale bell
2681:
2667:Stone box grave
2608:Ceremonial pipe
2574:
2533:Mobilian Jargon
2506:
2438:
2366:
2323:
2191:
2184:
2121:
2114:
1972:
1965:
1922:
1854:
1800:Rucker's Bottom
1590:Beaverdam Creek
1570:
1558:
1442:
1436:
1397:Hiwassee Island
1354:
1348:
1339:Welborn Village
1267:
1228:Millstone Bluff
1201:Confluence area
1200:
1194:
1190:Sugarloaf Mound
1130:Emmons Cemetery
1065:
1063:American Bottom
1054:
1048:
1030:
1020:
1018:
988:
987:
969:
965:
957:Hudson (1997),
956:
952:
936:
935:
925:
924:
917:
898:
894:
881:
880:
876:
872:pp. 234–238/240
868:Hudson (1997),
867:
858:
840:
833:
824:
822:
815:
811:
810:
806:
799:
795:
778:
777:
767:
766:
762:
754:Hudson (1997),
753:
742:
723:
719:
712:
683:
676:
671:
654:
623:
618:
612:
607:
583:wattle and daub
574:
568:
522:
472:
467:
357:paramount chief
329:
252:
241:
235:
232:
217:
201:
190:
184:
177:
106:paramount chief
75:
70:
61:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3854:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3714:Mound Builders
3711:
3706:
3701:
3699:Medicine wheel
3696:
3691:
3689:Horned Serpent
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3428:Roberts Island
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3363:Old Stone Fort
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Moaning Cavern
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3278:Kincaid Mounds
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3158:Cuarenta Casas
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:Bluefish Caves
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3074:Archaeological
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:Caloosahatchee
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Caborn-Welborn
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2803:Archaeological
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2707:Mound Builders
2704:
2699:
2694:
2693:Related topics
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2655:Village bundle
2647:
2642:
2640:Platform mound
2637:
2635:Horned Serpent
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2502:Stone statuary
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Leo Petroglyph
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:Moccasin Bluff
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Gentleman Farm
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:Carcajou Point
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2155:Caddoan Mounds
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Dauphin Island
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1615:Bussell Island
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1367:Beasley Mounds
1364:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1218:Kincaid Mounds
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Horseshoe Lake
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Dickson Mounds
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1002:
994:
986:
985:
963:
950:
933:on 2008-10-15.
915:
892:
874:
856:
831:
804:
793:
775:on 2009-03-17.
760:
740:
717:
710:
673:
672:
670:
667:
666:
665:
660:
653:
650:
622:
619:
617:
614:
605:
570:Main article:
567:
564:
537:Big Eddy phase
521:
518:
477:juego de cañas
465:
427:platform mound
396:Hatchett Creek
362:Province Coosa
328:
325:
301:South Carolina
289:Tampa, Florida
254:
253:
204:
202:
195:
189:
186:
175:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3853:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Falcon dancer
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:Miscellaneous
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Melbourne Man
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:La Brea Woman
3569:
3567:
3566:Kennewick Man
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Serpent Mound
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Pueblo Bonito
3406:
3404:
3403:Poverty Point
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3388:Pinson Mounds
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Painted Bluff
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Horr's Island
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:Effigy Mounds
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Crystal River
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3065:Weeden Island
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3030:Safety Harbor
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:Poverty Point
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:Paleo-Indians
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:Mississippian
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:Sacred bundle
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:Wulfing cache
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:Copper plates
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:Three Sisters
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:Little barley
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:Serpent Mound
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2319:Summer Island
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2122:Mississippian
2117:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1973:Mississippian
1968:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1888:Corbin–Tucker
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1795:Roods Landing
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:Moccasin Bend
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:Hoojah Branch
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1572:Mississippian
1569:
1565:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Menard-Hodges
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1432:Swallow Bluff
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1353:Tennessee and
1351:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Marshall Site
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:Mississippian
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
995:
992:
981:
977:
973:
967:
960:
954:
946:
940:
932:
928:
922:
920:
911:
907:
903:
896:
888:
884:
878:
871:
865:
863:
861:
853:. p. 87.
852:
848:
844:
838:
836:
821:
814:
808:
802:
797:
788:
782:
774:
770:
764:
758:, pp. 226–229
757:
751:
749:
747:
745:
736:
732:
728:
721:
713:
711:9780820318882
707:
703:
699:
694:
693:
687:
681:
679:
674:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
649:
647:
643:
639:
638:Mississippian
636:
631:
629:
610:
604:
599:
591:
587:
584:
579:
573:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:Taskigi Mound
545:
542:
541:protohistoric
538:
535:
526:
517:
514:
510:
505:
501:
499:
495:
494:
489:
485:
482:
478:
470:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
445:
441:
437:
430:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
383:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
363:
358:
354:
350:
342:
338:
333:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:Carlos I
265:
261:
250:
247:
239:
229:
225:
221:
215:
214:
210:
205:This section
203:
199:
194:
193:
181:
174:
172:
166:
164:
160:
156:
150:
148:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
110:Mississippian
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
82:
78:
74:
68:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3774:Water glyphs
3729:Oasisamerica
3719:N.A.G.P.R.A.
3679:Folsom point
3669:Effigy mound
3649:Clovis point
3617:Aridoamerica
3518:Wickiup Hill
3473:Spiro Mounds
3453:Salmon Ruins
3448:Russell Cave
3243:Helen Blazes
3238:Grimes Point
3218:Fort Juelson
3208:Fort Ancient
3183:El Vallecito
3143:Chaco Canyon
3083:Angel Mounds
3045:Steed-Kisker
2995:Paleo-Arctic
2917:Glacial Kame
2902:Fort Ancient
2794:Post-Classic
2765:
2697:Chevron bead
2603:Burial mound
2497:Shell gorget
2465:Spiro plates
2460:Rogan plates
2279:Knoll Spring
2254:Hartley Fort
2214:Beattie Park
2098:Transylvania
1936:Bottle Creek
1898:Lake Jackson
1780:Pisgah phase
1710:Little Egypt
1660:Garden Creek
1645:Dallas phase
1532:Tipton phase
1510:Nodena phase
1407:Mound Bottom
1392:Fewkes Group
1377:Brick Church
1279:Angel Mounds
1145:Kuhn Station
1140:John Chapman
975:
966:
958:
953:
931:the original
909:
905:
895:
877:
869:
846:
823:. Retrieved
819:
807:
796:
773:the original
763:
755:
726:
720:
691:
632:
624:
608:
601:
596:
575:
543:
536:
531:
506:
502:
497:
491:
476:
474:
468:
447:
439:
432:
420:
415:
403:
391:
387:
384:
375:
366:
360:
346:
286:
275:
257:
242:
236:October 2018
233:
218:Please help
206:
179:
168:
162:
158:
151:
144:conquistador
137:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:
3821:1540 deaths
3759:Thunderbird
3627:Black drink
3591:Peñon woman
3528:Winterville
3508:Velda Mound
3488:Taos Pueblo
3383:Parkin Park
3368:Orwell site
3353:Nodena site
3248:Holly Bluff
3223:Four Mounds
3213:Fort Center
3138:Casa Grande
3088:Anzick site
2980:Monongahela
2907:Fort Walton
2882:Coles Creek
2847:Belle Glade
2832:Anishinaabe
2672:Thunderbird
2598:Black drink
2450:Emmons mask
2394:Chenopodium
2382:Agriculture
2304:Plum Island
2259:Hotel Plaza
2108:Winterville
2088:Scott Place
2026:Holly Bluff
1946:Fort Walton
1700:Lamar phase
1554:Walls phase
1450:Belle Meade
1443:Mississippi
1387:Dunbar Cave
1289:Annis Mound
1284:Angel phase
1258:Ware Mounds
1253:Twin Mounds
1103:Ramey state
1088:Monks Mound
700:. pp.
642:Pearl River
520:Archaeology
400:Shoal Creek
379:matrilineal
3810:Categories
3704:Metallurgy
3664:Eden point
3561:Buhl Woman
3433:Rock Eagle
3423:River Styx
3348:Mummy Cave
3343:Moundville
3323:Mesa Verde
3308:Marksville
3055:Tchefuncte
3015:Plaquemine
2951:Las Palmas
2867:Calf Creek
2862:Cades Pond
2409:Marshelder
2294:Oak Forest
2264:Hoxie Farm
2078:Pocahontas
1971:Plaquemine
1908:Letchworth
1840:Town Creek
1775:Park Mound
1740:Moundville
1725:Mandeville
1715:Long Swamp
1675:Jere Shine
1527:Quigualtam
1475:Chucalissa
1362:Backusburg
1355:Cumberland
1344:Yankeetown
1329:Slack Farm
1304:Ellerbusch
1208:Adams site
1115:Cloverdale
825:2007-11-19
735:B000J4W27Q
669:References
635:Plaquemine
277:adelantado
117:U.S. state
90:Tuskaloosa
48:Tuskaloosa
3749:Stickball
3438:Rock Hawk
3268:Key Marco
3060:Troyville
3040:St. Johns
3025:Red Ocher
2784:Formative
2538:Muskogean
2511:Languages
2424:Sunflower
2284:Mero site
2219:Blood Run
1873:Apalachee
1820:Summerour
1760:Nacoochee
1517:Owl Creek
1412:Riverview
1402:Link Farm
1294:Bone Bank
1248:Turk Site
1243:Towosahgy
1108:Woodhenge
621:Mabilians
488:Cajamarca
484:Atahualpa
313:Iroquoian
207:does not
157:elements
102:Tuskaluza
98:Tastaluca
94:Tuskalusa
3637:Chanunpa
3622:Ballgame
3601:Vero man
3551:Anzick-1
3523:Windover
3483:SunWatch
3413:Rassawek
3233:Glenwood
3123:Brewster
2975:Mogollon
2946:La Jolla
2932:Hopewell
2892:Deptford
2805:cultures
2645:Red Horn
2613:Chanunpa
2591:Northern
2579:Religion
2560:Timucuan
2528:Cherokee
2314:Schwerdt
2274:Juntunen
2249:Griesmer
2192:cultures
2145:Bluffton
2031:Jaketown
1996:Fitzhugh
1850:Wilbanks
1830:Tomotley
1805:Savannah
1770:Ocmulgee
1750:Mulberry
1685:Joe Bell
1605:Biltmore
1600:Bessemer
1465:Campbell
1427:Old Town
1233:Orr-Herl
1170:Orendorf
1165:Mitchell
1098:Mound 72
1093:Mound 34
1078:Big Eddy
974:(1995).
939:cite web
781:cite web
688:(1997).
652:See also
606:—
513:bastions
509:palisade
466:—
440:almaizal
416:Atahachi
317:Cherokee
266:by King
176:—
171:suzerain
113:chiefdom
3786:Related
3644:Chunkey
3544:remains
3533:Wupatki
3373:Paquime
3263:Huápoca
3128:Cahokia
3098:Bastian
3005:Patayan
2927:Hohokam
2912:Fremont
2887:ComondĂş
2842:Baytown
2837:Avonlea
2817:Alachua
2789:Classic
2779:Archaic
2767:Periods
2620:Chunkey
2565:Tunican
2543:Natchez
2518:Caddoan
2492:Pottery
2443:Artwork
2434:Tobacco
2414:Pumpkin
2375:Culture
2229:Fifield
2160:Gahagan
2135:Belcher
2120:Caddoan
2103:Venable
2066:Natchez
2051:Mazique
2006:Fosters
2001:Flowery
1991:Emerald
1868:Anhaica
1825:Taskigi
1790:Rembert
1765:Nikwasi
1730:McMahan
1705:Liddell
1580:Adamson
1490:Janet's
1480:Denmark
1455:Boone's
1417:Sellars
1324:Prather
1083:Cahokia
1073:Aztalan
702:230–232
646:Choctaw
498:Mauvila
404:Uxapita
388:Casiste
353:Alabama
337:de Soto
321:hostage
309:Yamasee
305:Alabama
297:Georgia
293:Florida
272:Florida
228:removed
213:sources
125:Choctaw
121:Alabama
3203:Folsom
3168:Cutler
3103:Benson
2990:Oneota
2922:Glades
2897:Folsom
2877:Clovis
2774:Lithic
2555:Siouan
2548:Taensa
2419:Squash
2342:Clover
2201:Oneota
2175:Keller
2165:Hughes
2130:Battle
2071:Taensa
2056:Medora
2046:Mangum
2041:Julice
2036:Jordan
1883:Cayson
1815:Sixtoe
1810:Shiloh
1720:Mabila
1655:Etowah
1635:Citico
1625:Chiaha
1620:Chauga
1537:Tunica
1522:Parkin
1505:Nodena
1500:Murphy
1470:Carson
1319:Murphy
1175:Sleeth
1160:McCune
1150:Larson
1053:Middle
961:p. 244
733:
708:
578:marten
572:Mabila
493:Mabila
448:pelote
367:Talisi
343:'s map
182:, 1557
159:tashka
73:Mabila
3734:Piasa
3542:Human
3173:Eaker
3076:sites
3010:Plano
2812:Adena
2570:Yuchi
2404:Maize
2389:Beans
2347:Dodge
2299:Palos
2269:Huber
2209:Anker
2180:Spiro
2150:Caddo
2083:Routh
2016:Glass
2011:Ghost
1913:Velda
1835:Toqua
1695:Lamar
1680:Joara
1670:Irene
1640:Coosa
1630:Chota
1610:Blair
1585:Avery
1547:Yazoo
1542:Koroa
1485:Eaker
1422:Obion
1180:Starr
816:(PDF)
628:maize
461:plaza
453:cross
436:mound
349:Coosa
274:, as
129:Creek
108:of a
80:Title
3694:Kiva
2093:Sims
2061:Mott
1981:Anna
1690:King
1650:Dyar
1460:Boyd
1334:Tolu
945:link
787:link
731:ASIN
706:ISBN
532:The
496:(or
481:Inca
444:Moor
392:Caxa
351:and
303:and
264:Cuba
211:any
209:cite
163:losa
161:and
127:and
69:1540
66:Died
3198:Eva
1918:Yon
486:at
222:by
119:of
3812::
978:.
941:}}
937:{{
918:^
910:62
908:.
904:.
885:.
859:^
849:.
834:^
818:.
783:}}
779:{{
743:^
704:.
696:.
677:^
648:.
418:.
315:,
311:,
299:,
295:,
284:.
100:,
96:,
2746:e
2739:t
2732:v
1013:e
1006:t
999:v
982:.
947:)
912:.
889:.
828:.
789:)
737:.
714:.
249:)
243:(
238:)
234:(
230:.
216:.
92:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
