292:
680:
45:
538:
334:
2438:
345:
601:" process, which meant that they declared themselves as Slovaks and either changed their names to Slovak equivalents or simply Slovakized them, and others were simply forced to remain because their skills were needed. Out of approximately 128,000 Germans in Slovakia in 1938, only some 20,000 (15.6% of the prewar total) remained by 1947. The citizenship rules of the Beneš decrees were revoked in 1948 but not the expropriations.
618:
927:
610:
356:
330:). The Germans were usually attracted by kings seeking specialists in various trades, such as craftsmen and miners. They usually settled in older Slavic market and mining settlements. Until approximately the 15th century, the ruling classes of most cities in present-day Slovakia were almost exclusively composed of Germans.
738:
The German minority in
Slovakia has more or less always constantly been decreasing since the late 19th century onwards, according to the official Slovak national censuses. After 1947, their numbers gradually shrank even more in the wake of the expulsion of ethnic Germans from Czechoslovakia after
577:
railway station. After being taken out of the train by
Czechoslovak soldiers, they were marched outside the city to a hill "Švédské šance", where they were forced to dig their own graves and then were shot. The massacre did not become publicly known until the fall of the communist regime in 1989.
730:. In Metzenseifen (Medzev), they spoke Mantak, but only a few dozen people speak it today. The German schools were closed after World War II in all former German-speaking towns, and children were forced to learn Slovak. German was not to be used in the workplace or even publicly on the street.
625:
According to national censuses, there were 6,108 (0.11%) Germans in
Slovakia in 2007, 5,405 in 2001, 5,414 in 1991 and 2,918 in 1980. A Carpathian German Homeland Association has been created to maintain traditions, and since 2005, there is also a museum of culture of Carpathian Germans in
995:
The
Carpathian/Zipser Germans' settlements are located towards the Carpathian Mountains, westward in Bukovina and Suceava County. There were mostly mining communities. Today, sparse German communities still live in Bukovina/Suceava County, both Zipsers and
528:
between mid-November 1944 and 21 January 1945. The
Germans from Bratislava were evacuated in January and February 1945 after long delays, and those of the Hauerland fled at the end of March 1945. The Red Army reached Bratislava on 4 April 1945.
634:(Internet). There is also minority broadcasting in German on the Slovak radio. After the war, their countrymen, now living in Germany and Austria, founded cultural associations as well. There is also a Carpathian German Landsmannschaft of
515:
made life difficult for
Carpathian Germans after the war. Nearly all remaining Germans had fled or were evacuated by the German authorities before the end of the war. Most Germans from Spiš were evacuated to Germany or the
2603:
1256:
437:
in the latter half of the 19th and the early the 20th century. Furthermore, many
Carpathian Germans voluntarily magyarized their names to climb the social and economic ladder.
2555:
2340:
1228:
Ondrej Pöss, Geschichte und Kultur der
Karpatendeutschen, Slowakisches Nationalmuseum — Museum der Kultur der Karpatendeutschen, Bratislava, Bratislava/Pressburg, 2005
1880:
472:(1920–1938), led by Andor Nitsch, who was elected from 1925 to 1935 on a common Hungarian-German list for parliamentary elections. In 1929, the more nationalist-oriented
291:
1694:
1677:
1901:
2598:
2502:
2117:
2472:
2173:
2426:
2197:
2161:
1759:
2134:
2548:
2219:
2151:
2139:
1237:
1019:) who are also politically represented in the town's council by one councillor stemming from the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (DFDR/FDGR).
2357:
2404:
2393:
2541:
1399:
1264:
1953:
1168:
2578:
2670:
952:
The same applies for
Bukovina, where Zipsers were also miners and lumberjacks. For example, in southern Bukovina (i.e. present-day
1331:"Second report on the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in the Slovak Republic"
2629:
2419:
1356:"Third report on the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in the Slovak Republic"
900:
1355:
1330:
2588:
2071:
1284:
1192:
2309:
1865:
1102:
597:, and around 20,000 persons were allowed or forced to remain in Slovakia because they were able, on petition, to use the "
2665:
2660:
2564:
2314:
1915:
1874:
236:
2675:
2412:
557:
After the war, one third of the evacuated or fugitive
Germans returned to Slovakia. However on 18–19 June 1945, in the
308:
649:
2685:
2680:
2655:
2284:
2036:
1584:
1442:
17:
488:
as deputy. In 1935, both parties obtained a seat in both parliamentary assemblies. In 1939, the KdP was renamed the
2650:
2434:
363:
The main settlement areas were in the vicinity of Pressburg and some language islands in Szepes County (Hungarian:
228:
699:) has caused many obscure German dialects to continue to exist in Slovakia, but many are in danger of extinction.
2624:
2522:
2442:
497:
1193:"Herta Brydon, Limbach - Geschichte und Brauchtum eines deutschsprachigen Dorfes in der Slowakei bis 1945, 1991"
2279:
1240:
2104:
1984:
1885:
1524:
525:
476:(KdP) was formed in Bratislava, which later made a common list at the 1935 parliamentary elections with the
2619:
1138:
1141:(in Slovak). Museum of Carpathian German Culture (Múzeum kultúry karpatských Nemcov). n.d. Archived from
465:
212:
626:
Bratislava. There are two German-language media that are assisted financially by the Slovak government:
2061:
1742:
542:
208:
524:. The evacuation was mostly the initiative of Adalbert Wanhoff and prepared the diocese of the German
2467:
1933:
1541:
683:
2011 Slovak census data for number of German speakers in the Lower Zips/Dolný Spiš geographic region.
323:
326:. There had probably already been some isolated settlers in the area of Pressburg (Pozsony, today's
2533:
2593:
2185:
1747:
489:
473:
452:) declared their loyalty to the Kingdom of Hungary, but a Slovak group declared it to be part of
570:
2583:
2507:
2482:
2462:
1805:
1640:
1627:
2335:
1815:
1810:
1790:
1435:
1175:
722:(German: Altzipserisch, literally "Old Zipserish"). In Dobsina, they spoke what they called
661:
1928:
1622:
1016:
477:
220:
8:
2304:
2019:
1830:
1795:
469:
403:
272:
2178:
2144:
912:
2512:
2477:
2330:
2299:
2289:
2083:
2046:
2004:
1820:
1764:
1699:
1650:
1617:
1605:
1600:
1536:
896:
252:
176:
156:
152:
1965:
1084:
2517:
2497:
2078:
2014:
1994:
1989:
1938:
1923:
1870:
1842:
1825:
1769:
1709:
1704:
1610:
957:
679:
594:
196:
1028:
496:
as führer, who had become in October 1938 state secretary for German Affairs in the
2294:
2274:
2252:
2156:
2066:
2051:
2041:
2024:
1979:
1971:
1943:
1847:
1800:
1785:
1719:
1687:
1660:
1655:
1565:
1428:
997:
565:, 71 men, 120 women and 74 children (265 Germans) who were Carpathian Germans from
440:
On 28 October 1918, the National Council of Carpathian Germans in Késmárk (German:
687:
The isolation of the German from countries in which German has been standardised (
582:
2112:
2009:
1999:
1960:
1632:
1546:
1529:
1502:
1196:
1049:
1044:
1008:
985:
973:
961:
956:
in northeastern Romania), several former Zipser German rural settlements include
934:
908:
642:
303:), one of the most important urban settlements of the Zipser Germans in the past.
296:
240:
216:
188:
168:
110:
98:
94:
1257:"Big cross near Přerov to commemorate Germans killed after WW2 – Prague Monitor"
1004:
930:
667:
1752:
1737:
1714:
1670:
1636:
1577:
1474:
1113:
981:
953:
707:
562:
493:
485:
481:
453:
392:
268:
1217:
593:. In 1946 and 1947, about 33,000 people were expelled from Slovakia under the
2644:
2207:
2090:
1682:
1665:
1644:
1490:
1059:
1054:
711:
703:
635:
598:
434:
312:
244:
44:
553:(the third coat-of-arms in the middle being that of the Carpathian Germans).
2056:
1558:
1064:
920:
566:
512:
508:
504:
224:
969:
942:
904:
248:
2386:
1834:
1312:
1288:
1039:
1015:) is still home to a small community of Zipser Germans (according to the
696:
655:
585:
no. 33, and they were interned in camps such as in Bratislava-Petržalka,
517:
318:
256:
124:
1291:
and the Hungarians in the south of Slovakia also lost their citizenship.
923:. In general, in Maramureș, the Zipsers were colonised in mining areas.
590:
581:
On 2 August 1945, Carpathian Germans lost the rights of citizenship, by
445:
433:
The Carpathian Germans, like the Slovaks, were subjected to policies of
333:
2190:
537:
327:
70:
2127:
1551:
344:
2492:
1948:
1481:
1103:"Obyvateľstvo trvalo bývajúce v krajoch SR podľa materinského jazyka"
715:
613:
Memorial plaque commemorating expelled Carpathian Germans, Bratislava
423:
384:
148:
82:
2563:
586:
574:
558:
468:(1918–1938), Carpathian Germans had a specific political party, the
74:
2446:
2437:
2212:
2202:
1380:
1033:
916:
521:
449:
380:
232:
2457:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2224:
1451:
946:
903:(DFDR/FDGR). Carpathian/Zipser Germans are mostly to be found in
692:
688:
550:
541:
Memorial dedicated to several expelled ethnic German groups from
427:
415:
411:
276:
204:
144:
117:
2234:
1420:
1142:
617:
376:
78:
2350:
2345:
2122:
2029:
926:
641:
Amongst prominent member ethnic Germans in postwar Slovakia is
609:
395:
315:, today mostly Slovakia) from the 12th to the 15th centuries (
2166:
355:
884:
Sources: Slovak national censuses and Encyklopédia Slovenska
2362:
2229:
1085:"Carpathian Germans' Territorial Association from Slovakia"
670:, president of the Presidium of the Slovak National Council
546:
652:, a name shared by three generations of Slovak footballers
645:, the country's second president (1999–2004). Others e.g.
621:
Plate in the Slovak Museum of German Culture in Bratislava
307:
Germans settled in the northern territory of the medieval
387:
regions. The settlers in the Szepes County were known as
49:
Flag used by Carpathian Germans' Territorial Association
1300:
27:
Group of ethnic Germans in Central and Eastern Europe
1238:
Verbrechen an Vertriebenen: Das Massaker von Prerau
215:(1866–1930), originally generally referring to the
406:, they initially settled around Taracköz (German:
2642:
2565:Ethnic and national minorities in Czechoslovakia
658:, Slovak international champion of bicycle race,
1397:
1000:, but their numbers are drastically dwindling.
569:were murdered while they were passing through
459:
2549:
2420:
2088:
1436:
2384:
1556:
1488:
1472:
1465:
2394:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
1163:
1161:
1159:
2556:
2542:
2427:
2413:
1443:
1429:
1313:"About the museum, Slovak National Museum"
733:
43:
1156:
1139:"Karpatskí Nemci ("Carpathian Germans")"
925:
678:
616:
608:
536:
354:
343:
332:
290:
1974:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
1968:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
503:The status of the Slovak Republic as a
211:. The term was coined by the historian
14:
2643:
901:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
756:
2537:
2408:
1424:
714:. A community of speakers remains in
532:
286:
1381:"Die Karpatendeutschen - Willkommen"
919:, and elsewhere sparsely throughout
259:, only the Germans of Slovakia (the
65:Regions with significant populations
890:
24:
751:
718:and speaks a distinctive dialect,
219:population of the area around the
25:
2697:
1450:
1112:(in Slovak). 2011. Archived from
899:are currently represented by the
2436:
1398:Oskar Hadbawnik (25 June 2006).
484:became its leader in 1937, with
2671:Ethnic groups in Czechoslovakia
1391:
1373:
1348:
1323:
1305:
1294:
1278:
1249:
1241:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1231:
1222:
1210:
1185:
1131:
1095:
1077:
664:, Slovak minister of education
13:
1:
1287:in the border regions of the
1070:
706:(and later in Romania), the
173:Karpatendeutsche or Mantaken
7:
1875:Alsatians and Lotharingians
1022:
674:
498:Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
466:First Czechoslovak Republic
460:First Czechoslovak Republic
10:
2702:
2666:Social history of Slovakia
2661:German diaspora by country
1218:Carpathian Germans history
543:Central and Eastern Europe
520:before the arrival of the
359:Carpathian Germans in 1900
279:have commonly been called
227:(Austrian) crown lands of
209:Central and Eastern Europe
2676:Ethnic groups in Slovakia
2612:
2571:
2453:
2377:
2323:
2245:
2103:
1914:
1894:
1858:
1778:
1730:
1593:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1458:
895:The Carpathian and other
883:
769:—
349:Westungarischer Grenzbote
324:Mongol invasion of Europe
322:), mostly after the 1241
247:), and the northwestern (
241:Austro-Hungarian monarchy
213:Raimund Friederich Kaindl
143:
138:
109:
104:
93:
88:
69:
64:
59:
54:
42:
2686:Ethnic groups in Hungary
2681:Ethnic groups in Romania
2656:Carpathian German people
1301:Karpatendeutscher Verein
897:German groups in Romania
604:
2651:Hungarian-German people
1895:Multinational dimension
1385:www.karpatendeutsche.de
734:Historical demographics
702:In the Upper and Lower
474:Carpathian German Party
418:) and Munkács (German:
2385:
2089:
1816:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1557:
1489:
1473:
1466:
1361:. Bratislava. May 2009
1012:
989:
977:
965:
949:
938:
684:
622:
614:
554:
360:
352:
341:
304:
300:
200:
192:
180:
172:
2599:Rusyns and Ukrainians
2572:Officially recognized
1261:www.praguemonitor.com
978:Mariensee/Ludwigsdorf
929:
743:Historical population
682:
620:
612:
540:
358:
347:
336:
294:
139:Related ethnic groups
2315:United Arab Emirates
1623:Transylvanian Saxons
1110:portal.statistics.sk
1017:2011 Romanian census
915:more specifically),
589:, and in Krickerhau
478:Sudeten German Party
221:Carpathian Mountains
2630:Slovaks (1918–1938)
2604:Slovaks (1948–1989)
1902:Central and Eastern
1806:Italy (South Tyrol)
1216:Dr. Thomas Reimer,
744:
470:Zipser German Party
404:Carpathian Ruthenia
338:Pressburger Zeitung
273:Carpathian Ruthenia
60:4,690 (2011 census)
39:
2488:Carpathian Germans
2047:Pennsylvania Dutch
1336:. Bratislava. 2005
950:
742:
685:
662:Branislav Gröhling
623:
615:
555:
533:After World War II
526:Evangelical Church
361:
353:
342:
309:Kingdom of Hungary
305:
287:Kingdom of Hungary
281:Carpathian Germans
165:Carpathian Germans
157:Germans of Romania
153:Germans of Hungary
34:Carpathian Germans
33:
2638:
2637:
2531:
2530:
2402:
2401:
2373:
2372:
1910:
1909:
1710:Russian Mennonite
888:
887:
595:Potsdam Agreement
235:, as well as the
203:) are a group of
201:Germani carpatini
185:felvidéki németek
162:
161:
111:Roman Catholicism
18:Carpathian German
16:(Redirected from
2693:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2441:
2440:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2390:
2341:Papua New Guinea
2179:Kapitaï and Koba
2145:Kapitaï and Koba
2094:
1972:Los Lagos Region
1954:British Columbia
1562:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1494:
1478:
1469:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1404:Bukovina Society
1395:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1263:. Archived from
1253:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1195:. Archived from
1189:
1183:
1182:
1181:on May 20, 2003.
1180:
1174:. Archived from
1173:
1165:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1107:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:www.crwflags.com
1081:
998:Bukovina Germans
913:Maramureș County
891:Outside Slovakia
758:
753:
745:
741:
456:two days later.
267:, including the
265:Slowakeideutsche
55:Total population
47:
40:
37:Karpatendeutsche
32:
21:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2608:
2567:
2562:
2532:
2527:
2449:
2435:
2433:
2403:
2398:
2369:
2319:
2241:
2099:
1966:Los Ríos Region
1906:
1890:
1854:
1779:Southern Europe
1774:
1748:North Schleswig
1731:Northern Europe
1726:
1589:
1530:Sudeten Germans
1497:
1454:
1449:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1396:
1392:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1285:Sudeten Germans
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1243:, 18 June 2015
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1050:Oberlander Jews
1045:Sudeten Germans
1025:
909:Rodna Mountains
893:
736:
677:
643:Rudolf Schuster
607:
571:Horní Moštěnice
535:
500:, led by Tiso.
462:
289:
271:) and those of
257:First World War
217:German-speaking
193:Karpatskí Nemci
155:
151:
147:
134:other religions
50:
35:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2358:German Samoans
2355:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1886:United Kingdom
1883:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1859:Western Europe
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1753:Potato Germans
1750:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1688:North Caucasus
1685:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1630:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1594:Eastern Europe
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1554:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1525:Czech Republic
1521:
1519:
1518:Central Europe
1512:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1475:Reichsdeutsche
1470:
1467:Bundesdeutsche
1462:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1390:
1372:
1347:
1322:
1304:
1293:
1277:
1248:
1230:
1221:
1209:
1184:
1155:
1130:
1094:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1029:Zipser Willkür
1024:
1021:
1003:In Maramureș,
982:Fundu Moldovei
954:Suceava County
892:
889:
886:
885:
881:
880:
877:
874:
870:
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
848:
847:
844:
841:
837:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
797:
793:
792:
789:
786:
782:
781:
778:
775:
771:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:
754:
749:
739:World War II.
735:
732:
708:Zipser Germans
676:
673:
672:
671:
665:
659:
653:
650:Vladimír Weiss
630:(monthly) and
606:
603:
563:Czechoslovakia
534:
531:
494:Franz Karmasin
486:Franz Karmasin
482:Konrad Henlein
461:
458:
454:Czechoslovakia
389:Zipser Sachsen
288:
285:
269:Zipser Germans
261:Slovak Germans
205:ethnic Germans
160:
159:
141:
140:
136:
135:
107:
106:
102:
101:
91:
90:
86:
85:
67:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
48:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2698:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2443:Ethnic groups
2439:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:Dar es Salaam
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2091:Colonia Tovar
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:United States
2040:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Baltic states
1736:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1491:Volksdeutsche
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:German people
1446:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1405:
1401:
1400:"Louisenthal"
1394:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1357:
1351:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1267:on 2020-11-07
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1199:on 2007-06-20
1198:
1194:
1188:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1145:on 2008-05-08
1144:
1140:
1134:
1119:on 2014-10-06
1115:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:Volksdeutsche
1058:
1056:
1055:Upper Hungary
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
882:
878:
875:
872:
871:
867:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
838:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
795:
794:
790:
787:
784:
783:
779:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
762:
761:
755:
750:
747:
746:
740:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
681:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
647:
646:
644:
639:
637:
636:North America
633:
629:
628:Karpatenblatt
619:
611:
602:
600:
599:Slovakisation
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
552:
548:
544:
539:
530:
527:
523:
519:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
435:Magyarization
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:, Hungarian:
397:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
357:
350:
346:
339:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
320:
314:
313:Upper Hungary
311:(then called
310:
302:
298:
293:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:Szepes County
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:Cisleithanian
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:kárpátnémetek
178:
174:
170:
166:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
103:
100:
96:
92:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
58:
53:
46:
41:
38:
19:
2487:
2186:South Africa
1572:
1559:Walddeutsche
1409:29 September
1407:. Retrieved
1403:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1325:
1316:
1307:
1296:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1260:
1251:
1233:
1224:
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:the original
1187:
1176:the original
1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1114:the original
1109:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1065:Walddeutsche
1005:Vișeu de Sus
1002:
994:
951:
931:Vișeu de Sus
921:Transylvania
907:(across the
894:
737:
728:Topschauisch
727:
724:Dobschauisch
723:
720:Outzäpsersch
719:
704:Zips regions
701:
686:
668:Karol Šmidke
640:
631:
627:
624:
583:Beneš decree
580:
561:incident in
556:
513:World War II
509:Nazi Germany
505:client state
502:
490:German Party
463:
441:
439:
432:
419:
408:Theresiental
407:
399:
388:
372:
368:
364:
362:
348:
337:
316:
306:
280:
264:
260:
255:. Since the
251:) region of
239:half of the
184:
164:
163:
131:
127:
120:
113:
36:
30:Ethnic group
2387:Ostsiedlung
2336:New Zealand
2310:Philippines
2152:Ivory Coast
2037:Puerto Rico
1990:El Salvador
1881:Netherlands
1835:Gottscheers
1635:(including
1585:Switzerland
1289:Czech lands
1245:(in German)
1169:"Policy.hu"
1040:Gottscheers
1036:(Pausching)
1013:Oberwischau
990:Louisenthal
939:Oberwischau
911:and within
905:Maramuresch
697:Switzerland
656:Peter Sagan
518:Sudetenland
464:During the
319:Ostsiedlung
249:Maramuresch
243:(including
125:Lutheranism
2645:Categories
2620:Bulgarians
2584:Hungarians
2508:Bulgarians
2483:Ukrainians
2463:Hungarians
2300:Kyrgyzstan
2290:Kazakhstan
2191:Afrikaners
1985:Costa Rica
1949:Hutterites
1811:Yugoslavia
1791:Azerbaijan
1700:Bessarabia
1459:Historical
1317:www.snm.sk
1271:2019-12-09
1203:2007-06-02
1149:2008-05-04
1123:30 January
1071:References
712:Zipserisch
632:IKEJA news
402:). Within
383:) and the
379:region in
367:; German:
328:Bratislava
71:Bratislava
2493:Moravians
2331:Australia
2084:Venezuela
2067:Palatines
2015:Nicaragua
1995:Guatemala
1924:Argentina
1705:Black Sea
1651:Satu Mare
1611:Black Sea
1482:Palatines
970:Cârlibaba
943:Maramureș
716:Hopgarten
424:Mukachevo
420:Munkatsch
400:cipszerek
385:Hauerland
373:Scepusium
371:; Latin:
365:Szepesség
301:Leutschau
237:Hungarian
177:Hungarian
149:Austrians
89:Languages
83:Hauerland
2503:Russians
2447:Slovakia
2378:See also
2305:Pakistan
2213:Zanzibar
2203:Bagamoyo
2198:Tanzania
2118:Cameroon
2052:Nebraska
2020:Paraguay
1980:Colombia
1916:Americas
1848:Bosporus
1831:Slovenia
1796:Bulgaria
1656:Bukovina
1641:Highland
1628:Landlers
1573:Slovakia
1503:Diaspora
1365:6 August
1340:6 August
1034:Pavshyno
1023:See also
966:Jakobeny
958:Iacobeni
917:Bukovina
675:Language
591:Handlová
522:Red Army
450:Slovakia
446:Kežmarok
444:, today
422:, today
410:, today
381:Slovakia
375:, today
295:Levoča (
233:Bukovina
197:Romanian
105:Religion
2579:Germans
2458:Slovaks
2324:Oceania
2268:Tianjin
2263:Qingdao
2258:Beijing
2225:Baguida
2174:Senegal
2162:Nigeria
2157:Namibia
2128:Yaoundé
2079:Uruguay
2072:by city
2005:Jamaica
1934:Bolivia
1866:Belgium
1821:Croatia
1801:Georgia
1786:Armenia
1765:Finland
1743:Denmark
1720:Galicia
1695:Ukraine
1661:Dobruja
1618:Romania
1606:Moldova
1601:Belarus
1566:Galicia
1552:Olęders
1547:Vistula
1537:Hungary
980:), and
947:Romania
810:128,000
799:148,214
788:139,900
777:198,385
766:228,799
693:Austria
689:Germany
573:, near
567:Dobšiná
551:Austria
511:during
492:, with
442:Käsmark
428:Ukraine
416:Ukraine
412:Teresva
277:Ukraine
253:Romania
229:Galicia
145:Germans
118:Atheism
2625:Romani
2513:Croats
2478:Czechs
2473:Rusyns
2468:Romani
2351:Rabaul
2346:Kokopo
2280:Israel
2140:Guinea
2123:Douala
2113:Angola
2105:Africa
2030:Pozuzo
2010:Mexico
1944:Canada
1939:Brazil
1929:Belize
1871:France
1843:Turkey
1826:Serbia
1770:Sweden
1760:Norway
1715:Crimea
1678:Russia
1671:Zipser
1645:Walser
1643:, and
1633:Danube
1578:Zipser
1542:Poland
1511:Europe
1009:German
986:German
974:German
962:German
935:German
879:−13.2%
857:+32.3%
846:−34.7%
835:−73.9%
824:−81.2%
821:24,000
813:−13.6%
791:−29.5%
780:−13.3%
710:spoke
695:, and
587:Nováky
575:Přerov
559:Přerov
396:Saxons
393:Zipser
351:, 1891
340:, 1869
297:German
223:: the
189:Slovak
169:German
130:, and
99:German
95:Slovak
75:Košice
2613:Other
2594:Poles
2518:Serbs
2498:Poles
2295:Korea
2285:Japan
2275:India
2253:China
2167:Lagos
2135:Ghana
2062:Omaha
2057:Texas
2000:Haiti
1961:Chile
1683:Volga
1666:Regat
1637:Banat
1359:(PDF)
1334:(PDF)
1179:(PDF)
1172:(PDF)
1117:(PDF)
1106:(PDF)
876:4,690
873:2011
868:−0.2%
865:5,405
862:2001
854:5,414
851:1991
843:4,093
840:1980
832:6,266
829:1961
818:1947
807:1938
802:+5.9%
796:1930
785:1921
774:1910
763:1880
605:Today
128:14.2%
121:21.0%
114:55.5%
2589:Jews
2523:Jews
2363:Apia
2246:Asia
2235:Lomé
2230:Sebe
2220:Togo
2025:Peru
1411:2022
1367:2011
1342:2011
1125:2023
752:Pop.
748:Year
547:Linz
377:Spiš
369:Zips
317:see
231:and
79:Spiš
2445:in
992:).
968:),
941:),
726:or
545:in
507:of
430:).
426:in
414:in
275:in
263:or
207:in
183:or
132:9.3
2647::
1639:,
1402:.
1383:.
1315:.
1259:.
1158:^
1108:.
1087:.
1011::
988::
976::
964::
945:,
937::
757:±%
691:,
638:.
549:,
480:;
448:,
299::
283:.
199::
195:,
191::
187:,
179::
175:,
171::
123:,
116:,
97:,
81:,
77:,
73:,
2557:e
2550:t
2543:v
2428:e
2421:t
2414:v
1877:)
1873:(
1837:)
1833:(
1647:)
1444:e
1437:t
1430:v
1413:.
1387:.
1369:.
1344:.
1319:.
1274:.
1206:.
1152:.
1127:.
1091:.
1007:(
984:(
972:(
960:(
933:(
391:(
167:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
