69:
423:
528:
87:
94:
76:
137:
153:
165:
340:
this etymology is linguistically impossible. The Slovak and the Polish name could not be derived from
Hungarian Szepes because the combination "consonant-e-consonant-e-consonant" is valid and common in Slovak (but also in other Slavic languages) without any need for phonetic adaptation and similar
799:
Historically, economic activity in the region has been based principally on agriculture and forestry (formerly mining, too), which explains why Spiš belongs to the relatively poor regions of
Slovakia. Since the late 19th century, tourism has helped the local economy, and
759:(or Slovak-Polish dialect continuum by some considered a language), especially elders. They consider themselves as Slovaks and, in present, speak mostly Slovak language. Official Slovak 2011's census reported only 3084 Poles living in Slovakia.
497:, the so-called "districtus Podoliensis", was incorporated only in the 1290s. The northern border of the county stabilized in the early 14th century. Around 1300, the royal county became a noble county.
508:
settlers had been invited to the territory from the mid-12th century onwards. The settlements founded by them in southern Spiš were mainly mining settlements (later towns). Consequently, until
691:
After World War II the prewar borders of Spiš were restored, with most of the county going to
Czechoslovakia, and a small part to Poland. In 1948, it became part of the newly created
784:
772:
737:
The current ethnic composition of the region, however, is much different. As mentioned above, many Jews and ethnic
Germans were removed or left during World War II.
734:
comprised the following nationalities: Slovaks 50.4%, (58.2%, 58%), Germans 35% (25%, 25%), Carpatho-Rusyns 13.8% (8.4%, 8%) and 0.7% (6%, 6%) Magyars (Hungarians).
708:
409:. Throughout its history, the territory has been characterized by a large percentage of forests - in the late 19th century, as much as 42.2% of Spiš was forest.
680:
forces approached from the east at the end of 1944, most of the ethnic
Germans in Spiš fled westward, between mid-November 1944 and 21 January 1945 (see also
707:), whose borders however were completely different from those of the present-day regions of the same name. From July 1960 it became part of the newly created
1225:
755:; literally Highlanders). Although a negligible number in census terms, they are a distinctive minority with their own culture, and speak a dialect of
273:. The region is not an administrative division in its own right, but between the late 11th century and 1920 it was an administrative county of the
638:
597:
In 1868, 21 Spiš settlements sent their demands, the 'Spiš Petition', to the Diet of the
Kingdom of Hungary, requesting special status for
269:(more specifically encompassing 14 villages). Spiš is an informal designation of the territory, but it is also the name of one of the 21
68:
320:. Spiš probably means "a cut forest". The theory is supported also by the fact that almost all early Latin documents mention Spiš as
987:
1215:
1031:
938:
The present population of the Spiš region is about 320,000; almost half the population lives in towns, the largest of which are
1210:
485:) was created in the 2nd half of the 12th century. In the 1250s the border of the Kingdom of Hungary shifted to the north to
1139:
1035:
270:
1220:
1111:
968:
730:
According to censuses carried out in the
Kingdom of Hungary in 1869 (and later in 1900 and 1910) the population of
668:) from 1940 to 1945. Slovakia joined the Axis, and the Polish part of Spiš (together with the Polish part of the
876:
Spiš today is one of
Slovakia's 21 tourist regions but, unlike its predecessor, is not an administrative region.
828:
National Park at the Slovak-Polish border. Other tourist destinations include the region's historical sites like
478:
864:
Castle. The tourism industry has developed rapidly in Spiš, aided by the introduction of regular flights to
1166:
217:
386:
136:
622:
943:
900:
587:
93:
928:
559:
833:
621:), amounting to 195 km after an internal border dispute had been confirmed to be part of
374:
86:
837:
661:
473:
at the end of the 11th century, when the border of the
Kingdom ended near the modern town of
196:
17:
912:
896:
861:
571:
494:
382:
853:
406:
206:
489:
and in 1260 even further to the north (the
Dunajec River). The northeastern region around
75:
8:
1102:
Kamocki, J.; Skawiński, M. "Problemy etniczności a narodowości na przykładzie Spiszu" In
579:
924:
681:
563:
513:
470:
328:
313:- to stab, to cut → prefixed form sъ-pich-jь → after palatalization and extinction of
274:
246:
341:
changes are not documented. On the other hand, the assumed phonetic adaptation Slavic
1107:
1023:
1019:
964:
610:
591:
551:
337:
53:
349:
depends on well known changes in the Hungarian language like vowel insertion (i.e.
1205:
884:
880:
700:
692:
685:
448:
1143:
817:
788:
768:
756:
626:
390:
254:
238:
113:
1136:
669:
614:
422:
397:
in the east. The core of the Spiš region is formed by the basins of the rivers
298:
829:
641:. In 1923 Slovak Spiš was divided between the newly formed Sub-Tatra county (
108:
1199:
1181:
1168:
805:
741:
731:
517:
505:
459:
432:
278:
887:
and is covered approximately by the following six administrative districts:
649:). In 1928-1939 and 1945-1948 it was part of the newly created Slovak Land (
677:
657:
555:
527:
509:
378:
1066:
Ondruš, Šimon (1980). "Pôvod názvov stovenských vrchov, hradov a stotíc".
1015:
575:
521:
486:
1125:
Spisz i Orawa w 75. rocznicę powrotu do Polski północnych części obu ziem
809:
776:
630:
501:
440:
362:
947:
892:
857:
474:
350:
813:
801:
444:
1011:
915:
District that had been within Saris county and three villages of the
617:. A tiny part of the territory (situated in today's Poland below the
394:
187:
1003:
904:
845:
398:
119:
1070:(in Slovak). Bratislava: Slovenská akadémia vied. pp. 281–282.
1027:
995:
991:
719:
598:
567:
524:. Many smaller settlements were populated by settlers from Poland.
490:
262:
158:
920:
841:
999:
908:
825:
673:
366:
660:, when Czechoslovakia was divided, Spiš was part of independent
431:
The history of the region until 1920 is given in more detail at
302:
1039:
1007:
939:
932:
916:
888:
865:
849:
748:
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583:
463:
402:
266:
213:
192:
180:
170:
124:
570:. Among the towns that for 360 years belonged to Poland were:
554:, 16 towns, two castles and a number of villages in Spiš were
370:
1158:
455:
305:) - a (cut) stick, a piece of wood or sugar, etc. Old Slavic
230:
604:
780:
618:
324:(or with similar transcription) - the name of forest area.
718:
In 1993, Czechoslovakia was split and Spiš became part of
744:
settlements and Romani are a substantial minority there.
462:(Veľká Morava), and after its dissolution became part of
314:
512:
Spiš had a large German population (called Zipsers; see
469:
The southern part of the territory was conquered by the
1106:
Gładkiewicz R., Homza M. (eds.) Wrocław: Lewocz, 2003.
767:
In Spiš are the biggest and oldest churches such as a
672:) was transferred to Slovakia. During the war all the
879:
Since 1996, Spiš has been divided between the modern
684:). Their property was confiscated after the war (see
393:, currently the longest in Slovakia), to the town of
454:The territory of Spiš was later populated first by
1104:Terra Scepusiensis. Stav badań nad dziejami Spiszu
381:in the south, and a line running from the town of
336:– nice, beautiful → Szepes. However, according to
868:Airport and improving rail and road connections.
613:in 1920), the county became part of newly formed
1197:
639:border dispute between Poland and Czechoslovakia
289:The name is probably related to the appellative
664:, and formed the eastern part of Tatra county (
331:
1226:Historical regions in the Kingdom of Hungary
1137:http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab-10.pdf
787:. In the present is the biggest church is a
715:), which ceased to exist in September 1990.
676:of the area were deported or murdered. When
42:
36:
16:"Spis" redirects here. For other uses, see
265:, with a very small area in south-eastern
773:Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession
637:and became the subject of a long-running
605:Spiš after the creation of Czechoslovakia
500:Many of the towns of Spiš developed from
1061:
1059:
526:
520:; now, the only Zipser-speaking town is
421:
353:→ Szelepcsény) and vowel harmonization.
297:known from Slovak (Eastern Slovakia and
23:Historical region in Slovakia and Poland
369:River in the north, the springs of the
1198:
1065:
961:Sixteen Scepus Towns from 1412 to 1876
1056:
911:, except for the eastern half of the
377:Mountains (Slovak Ore Mountains) and
327:Another theory is a derivation from
271:official tourism regions of Slovakia
235:Cips/Zepus/Scepus/Scepusia/Scepusium
389:(under which lies the 4,822 m long
361:The region is situated between the
13:
625:(at that time the western part of
590:. In 1772 all were annexed by the
443:era have been found in remains at
14:
1237:
1152:
963:, Spišska Nova Vés: Spiš Museum.
740:Present-day Spiš has a number of
725:
426:Aerial photograph of Spiš Castle
417:
163:
151:
135:
92:
85:
74:
67:
1216:Traditional regions of Slovakia
808:resorts have been built in the
261:) is a region in north-eastern
1130:
1117:
1096:
1083:
1074:
981:
633:northern Spiš was united with
609:In 1918 (and confirmed by the
458:. It belonged to the state of
1:
1049:
871:
747:There are also 40,000-48,000
562:to finance his wars with the
1211:Historical regions in Poland
848:(all of which are listed by
824:) in the south-west and the
439:Traces of settlement in the
356:
284:
7:
923:including Tatranská Štrba,
783:the biggest was church the
762:
141:Spiš on the map of Slovakia
10:
1242:
1159:(Unofficial) Spiš web site
1068:Studia Academica Slovaca 9
953:
794:
629:) as early as 1902. After
412:
301:) and Moravian dialects (
15:
1221:Lesser Poland Voivodeship
203:
186:
176:
146:
134:
107:From top, left to right:
60:
51:
31:
1127:Kraków, 1995. pp. 24-37.
1089:Dudášová-Kriššáková, J.
974:
816:, and areas such as the
623:Galicia (Central Europe)
560:Sigismund of Luxembourg
373:River in the west, the
1080:Krempaska (2012), 2-5.
547:
483:comitatus Scepusiensis
427:
332:
277:(see separate article
258:
250:
242:
43:
37:
1123:Trajdos, T. M. (ed.)
789:Roman Catholic Church
769:Roman Catholic Church
713:Východoslovenský kraj
709:Eastern Slovak region
645:) and Košice county (
530:
522:Chmeľnica (Hopgarten)
425:
205: • Summer (
18:SPIS (disambiguation)
854:World Heritage Sites
601:within the Kingdom.
407:High Tatra Mountains
1178: /
959:Krempaská, Zuzana,
550:In 1412, under the
531:Spisz in 1412–1772:
502:German colonization
375:Slovenské rudohorie
1142:2012-11-14 at the
929:Liptovská Teplička
785:Evangelical Church
682:Carpathian Germans
564:Republic of Venice
548:
514:Carpathian Germans
471:Kingdom of Hungary
428:
275:Kingdom of Hungary
1182:49.083°N 20.500°E
834:Spišské Podhradie
651:Slovenská krajina
643:Podtatranská župa
611:Treaty of Trianon
592:Habsburg monarchy
552:Treaty of Lubowla
387:Branisko mountain
281:in this regard).
224:
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54:Historical region
26:Historical region
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985:
944:Spišská Nová Ves
901:Spišská Nová Ves
844:and the town of
838:Spišská Kapitula
588:Spišská Nová Ves
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251:Szepesség/Szepes
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779:). In the year
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670:county of Orava
627:Austria-Hungary
607:
546:
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451:(Besenyőfalu).
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391:Branisko Tunnel
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1153:External links
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666:Tatranská župa
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913:Stará Ľubovňa
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897:Stará Ľubovňa
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885:Prešov Region
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881:Košice Region
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862:Stará Ľubovňa
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726:Nationalities
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701:Prešov Region
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697:Košický kraj
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693:Košice Region
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686:Beneš decrees
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558:to Poland by
557:
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545: Hungary
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495:Stará Ľubovňa
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460:Great Moravia
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424:
418:Early history
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383:Stará Ľubovňa
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1114:pp. 707-716.
1103:
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1024:Łapsze Wyżne
1020:Łapsze Niżne
983:
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665:
658:World War II
655:
650:
647:Коšická župa
646:
642:
608:
596:
549:
516:) who spoke
510:World War II
499:
482:
479:royal county
468:
453:
447:(Gánóc) and
438:
430:
429:
379:Hnilec River
360:
346:
345:→ Hungarian
342:
338:Šimon Ondruš
326:
321:
317:
310:
306:
294:
290:
288:
234:
226:
225:
177:Largest city
1185: /
988:Czarna Góra
832:and nearby
830:Spiš Castle
810:High Tatras
631:World War I
481:of Szepes (
441:Neanderthal
363:High Tatras
322:silva Zepus
109:Spiš Castle
1200:Categories
1050:References
1032:Nowa Biała
950:(17,000).
942:(55,000),
919:district (
872:Spiš today
814:Low Tatras
405:, and the
385:, via the
1016:Łapszanka
1012:Krempachy
935:county.)
802:sanatoria
777:Lutherans
751:(Slovak:
576:Podolínec
487:Podolínec
395:Margecany
357:Geography
329:Hungarian
285:Etymology
247:Hungarian
188:Time zone
1140:Archived
1036:Rzepiska
1028:Niedzica
996:Falsztyn
992:Dursztyn
948:Kežmarok
893:Kežmarok
858:Kežmarok
812:and the
763:Religion
720:Slovakia
662:Slovakia
568:Dalmatia
491:Hniezdne
475:Kežmarok
449:Bešeňová
365:and the
351:Slepčany
311:pichjati
307:pьchjati
263:Slovakia
159:Slovakia
1173:20°30′E
1000:Frydman
954:Sources
909:Gelnica
826:Pieniny
795:Economy
656:During
599:Slovaks
445:Gánovce
413:History
367:Dunajec
147:Country
1170:49°5′N
1110:
1040:Trybsz
1008:Kacwin
1004:Jurgów
967:
940:Poprad
933:Liptov
917:Poprad
905:Levoča
889:Poprad
866:Poprad
860:, and
850:UNESCO
846:Levoča
757:Polish
753:Gorali
749:Gorals
742:Romani
699:) and
678:Soviet
635:Poland
584:Poprad
556:pawned
543:
539:Poland
537:
534:
506:German
504:. The
477:. The
464:Poland
403:Poprad
399:Hornád
347:Szepes
295:špiška
291:spiška
267:Poland
255:German
239:Polish
181:Poprad
171:Poland
168:
156:
125:Poprad
120:Levoča
975:Notes
931:from
921:Štrba
842:Žehra
456:Celts
299:Orava
243:Spisz
231:Latin
214:UTC+2
193:UTC+1
44:Spisz
1206:Spiš
1108:ISBN
965:ISBN
927:and
907:and
883:and
804:and
781:1600
771:and
674:Jews
619:Rysy
586:and
493:and
401:and
343:Spiš
333:szép
318:spiš
315:yers
303:Haná
259:Zips
227:Spiš
218:CEST
38:Spiš
33:Spiš
856:),
852:as
688:).
653:).
566:in
371:Váh
207:DST
197:CET
1202::
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