358:
19:
640:, one of the seven questions asked was about abolishing the death penalty. According to the results of this referendum, 80.44% of Belarusians were against abolition. However, at the time of the referendum, the longest available prison sentence was 15 years. Since then the sentence of life imprisonment was introduced (in December 1997). There have not been more recent surveys to determine whether the change in maximum prison sentence affected public sentiment about the death penalty.
690:
676:
400:
644:
Internal
Affairs of the Republic of Belarus," which included the questions about death penalty and the attitudes of Belarusian citizens about abolition of capital punishment. That poll showed only 4.5% of the respondents were against capital punishment in all cases, 79.5% considered capital punishment appropriate punishment for at least some grave crimes and about 10% had difficulty answering these questions or offered no opinion.
288:
346:, on the day of execution the convict is transported to a secret location where he is told by officials that all appeals have been rejected. The convict is then blindfolded and taken to a nearby room, where two staffers force him to kneel in front of a bullet backstop. The executioner then shoots the convict in the back of his head with a
664:. The Court stated that either the President or the National Assembly could make the decision to suspend or completely abolish the death penalty. Subsequently, in October 2005, the Parliament adopted an amendment to the Criminal Code declaring that the continued use of the death penalty was on a temporary basis only.
72:
prescribes this punishment for "grave crimes." Later laws have clarified the specific crimes for which capital punishment can be used. The death penalty can be imposed for crimes that occur against the state or against individuals. A few non-violent crimes can also be punishable by death. As of 2024,
643:
More recently a parliamentary special working group announced plans to conduct a public opinion poll, but the
Information and Analytical Center with the Administration of the President took over this undertaking. The Center has released its report, "Public Opinion about the Activity of the Organs of
385:
issued the following opinion of the execution process in
Belarus after the mother of subsequently executed prisoner Anton Bondarenko petitioned the Committee to spare her son's life: " the effect of intimidating or punishing families by intentionally leaving them in a state of uncertainty and mental
373:
is prepared. The remains of the condemned are buried secretly, and the family is notified that the execution has taken place. Colonel Oleg
Alkayev, a former director of SIZO No. 1, claimed that about 130 executions took place at the prison between December 1996 and May 2001, when he left Belarus to
618:
The exact number of people executed in
Belarus is not known, since the last documents released by the Belarusian Government were in 2006. Other sources have published somewhat different data: BelaPAN records 278 executions from 1992 to 2010 with two additional men under death sentence in September
198:
that would have resulted in death sentences during the Soviet era were removed from the list of capital offenses by a vote of parliament and were replaced by prison terms without parole. Although the total number of categories of crime qualifying for capital punishment declined during this time,
647:
There have been several steps taken toward reducing the imposition of the death penalty in
Belarus. The Law of the Republic of Belarus of December 31, 1997, added Article 22, which allows for "imprisonment for the term of one's life (life imprisonment) as an alternative to capital punishment."
190:
Most of the death penalty convictions were for murder committed under aggravating circumstances. Court proceedings involving capital cases must involve a "collegial consideration," consisting of one judge and two People's assessors. The People's assessors are chosen from the general population,
76:
Following a referendum on the issue, the
Belarusian government took steps to change the way capital punishment is imposed and carried out. International organisations, such as the United Nations, have criticised the methods Belarus uses when carrying out capital punishment. The use of capital
1582:
On the conformity between the
Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, the international treaties to which the Republic of Belarus is a party and the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus stipulating application of the death penalty as a punishment, accessed on May 28,
386:
distress… authorities' initial failure to notify the author of the scheduled date for the execution of her son, and their subsequent persistent failure to notify her of the location of her son's grave amounts to inhuman treatment of the author, in violation of article 7 of the
Covenant ."
627:
protocol to make information about capital punishment open to the public. The last confirmed execution was carried out on July 16, 2022; Viktar
Skrundzik was executed for killing two seniors, and attempting to murder an 85-year-old woman in Slutsk in Minsk Oblast.
199:
Presidential Decree No. 21, issued on October 21, 1997, added "terrorism" to the list of capital offenses. When the Criminal Code was updated in 1999, the number of capital offenses was further reduced. This reduction was assisted by the introduction of
236:
Belarus is the only European country to have carried out executions in the 21st century. European Council members suggested in 2001 that Belarus abolish capital punishment before it can apply for membership in the Council. Belarus (as the
206:
Since March 1, 1994, women are ineligible for capital punishment and persons under the age of 18 at the time of the crime or over 65 at the time of sentencing have been exempt from capital punishment since January 2001. Those who are
232:"in the strongest possible terms the executions in Belarus and deplores the fact that Belarus is currently the only country in Europe where the death penalty is enforced and, moreover, is regularly and widely enforced".
329:
333:
1116:
834:
2352:
2357:
1399:
1158:
1554:
Prudnikova, Olga (2010) "The Question Connected with Death Punishment Will Be Solved After the Elections?" Svobodnye Novosti Plus, 11.08.2010–18 August 2010, p. 12: (www.naviny.by)
2405:
2375:
1413:
2342:
1335:
1471:
Kania, Richard R. E., and Lyuba Pervushina, "The Death Penalty in Belarus," paper for the Southern Criminal Justice Association 2010 Annual Meeting, Clearwater Beach, Florida
1138:
319:. The executioner is a member of the "committee for the execution of sentences," which also chooses the area where the execution will take place. According to the book
97:
Until its abolition, the death sentence may be applied in accordance with the law as an exceptional penalty for especially grave crimes and only in accordance with the
2006:
1261:
354:. According to Alkayev, "The whole procedure, starting with the announcement about denied appeals and ending with the gunshot, lasts no longer than two minutes".
2049:
1196:
242:
1106:
73:
Belarus is the only country in Europe that continues to carry out the death penalty. Executions are carried out by a single shot to the back of the head.
1092:
624:
1355:
980:
958:
831:
1322:
912:
657:
227:
1391:
1166:
194:
Over the years, the number of offenses eligible for the death penalty and the type of convicts eligible for it have been reduced. In 1993, four
1939:
417:
337:
324:
120:
Murder of a representative of a foreign state or international organisation to provoke international complications or war (Article 124, Part 2)
1627:
1037:
2177:
1740:
1680:
464:
2107:
1663:
436:
1057:
245:
in 1973. This convention, however, does not abolish the death penalty, but it imposes certain conditions on its implementation and use.
2042:
710:
1440:
1481:
1417:
443:
2421:
2314:
2127:
2462:
2380:
2152:
2011:
620:
1563:
Kadushkin, S. (2002) "Death Penalty and Its Alternative in the Legislation of the Republic of Belarus," Yustitsiya of Belarus, 3
2447:
2442:
497:
450:
2395:
2347:
2239:
2234:
2035:
1986:
1595:
1282:
1230:
1012:
803:
2016:
369:
After the sentence is carried out, a prison doctor and other officials certify that the execution has been performed and a
1257:
432:
2199:
1527:
2319:
782:
1575:
926:
2299:
483:
1074:
2269:
2229:
2209:
2189:
2092:
1656:
1614:
1192:
2385:
2204:
1991:
743:
2390:
2337:
2284:
2279:
2254:
2112:
421:
2309:
2259:
2219:
2172:
2167:
2157:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2117:
2102:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
1934:
1347:
2400:
2304:
2294:
2274:
2264:
2249:
2244:
2224:
2194:
2162:
2147:
2122:
2058:
984:
955:
457:
304:
1377:
2289:
2214:
2184:
1861:
1649:
1217:
1111:
143:
1300:
888:
2452:
2001:
637:
64:), the death penalty has been a part of the country's legal system since gaining independence from the
1698:
1034:
362:
106:
1624:
764:
Amnesty International- Document- Commonwealth of Independent states: Belarus- the last executioner
2457:
1804:
661:
410:
261:
136:
90:
69:
1710:
382:
927:"DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS OF 17.04.2001 No. D-114/2001"
1831:
1819:
1693:
1529:Центральной комиссии Республики Беларусь по выборам и проведению республиканских референдумов
966:
496:
The following is a rough estimate of the number of executions carried out since 1985, as per
316:
22:
Europe holds the greatest concentration of abolitionist states (blue). Map current as of 2021
1054:
1959:
1799:
1447:
268:
220:
212:
1488:
8:
1836:
1824:
1753:
1620:
The website of «The Human Rights Defenders against the Death Penalty in Belarus» campaign
780:
Capital Punishment in Belarus and Changes of Belarus Criminal Legislation related thereto
660:
came to the conclusion that two articles of the Criminal Code were incompatible with the
1414:"Двух белорусов казнили за убийства и махинации с квартирами. страница 2 :: NoNaMe"
1996:
1908:
1764:
1672:
648:
Capital punishment has also since been restricted to men between the age of 18 and 65.
623:, such as the non-disclosure of the graves of the executed, this is a violation of the
260:. The bill also includes prosecution for "spreading false information discrediting the
1139:"Belarus gives first endorsement of death penalty for servicemen convicted of treason"
1006:
981:"Belarus: Findings of Human Rights Committee confirm worsening human rights situation"
357:
1316:
906:
370:
200:
114:
78:
1075:"Belarusian Lawmakers Approve Death Penalty for High Treason by Officials, Military"
1789:
1784:
1774:
1705:
238:
57:
1592:
1438:
1234:
807:
211:
may have their death sentence commuted. Under Article 84 of the Constitution, the
1971:
1888:
1631:
1599:
1579:
1533:
1061:
1041:
962:
929:. Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus. April 17, 2001. Archived from
854:
838:
786:
341:
2027:
1913:
1809:
1779:
1715:
1514:"Condemned prisoner's death date revealed more than a year after the execution"
681:
195:
18:
40: Legal form of punishment but has had a moratorium for at least ten years
2436:
1964:
1814:
361:
This letter was sent in 2012 to the mother of one of the perpetrators of the
272:
257:
779:
1725:
1572:
1487:. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. 1994. Archived from
930:
276:
253:
208:
65:
1441:"IHF Intervention to the 2006 OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting"
1954:
1794:
1769:
1759:
1720:
1513:
347:
292:
150:
1159:"Belarus approves death penalty for officials convicted of high treason"
219:
to convicted citizens". From June 30, 2003, to June 30, 2005, President
1918:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1856:
695:
424: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
351:
308:
171:
223:
granted two pardons to death row inmates and denied one such request.
156:
Murder committed under aggravating circumstances (Article 139, Part 2)
1976:
1949:
1851:
1641:
735:
300:
159:
146:
under international treaties of the Republic of Belarus (Article 134)
124:
1348:"Belarus Carries Out First Execution This Year; EU Urges Moratorium"
1285:
Amnesty International on July 26, 2011, accessed on August 31, 2011.
689:
399:
1981:
1893:
1107:"Belarus Seeks Death Penalty for Treasonous Officials and Soldiers"
180:
130:
1636:
1903:
1898:
1846:
1841:
1730:
1688:
1053:
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
249:
165:
98:
49:. At least one execution was carried out in the country in 2022.
46:
1369:
375:
216:
1615:
Interview with Oleg Alkaev, former head of Belarus's death row
1944:
1619:
1296:
312:
1093:"Belarus wants to bring in death penalty for 'high treason'"
287:
109:, capital punishment can be imposed for the following acts:
1439:
International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (2006).
858:
855:"The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area. Background paper 2013"
2007:
Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations
1392:"EU, Council Of Europe Condemn New Executions In Belarus"
1143:
861:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. 2013
77:
punishment is one factor keeping the country out of the
1602:
Interfax on October 26, 2005, accessed on May 28, 2006.
711:"Belarus: UN Human Rights Committee condemns execution"
1573:
Judgment of the Constitutional Court of March 11, 2004
1258:"Communication No 886/1999 : Belarus. 28/04/2003"
1255:
1193:"Communication No 887/1999 : Belarus. 24/04/2003"
1190:
978:
849:
847:
671:
243:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
736:"Authorities keep torturing death convict's mother"
625:
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
271:signed a bill into law which allows the use of the
1044:. Published November 2004. Retrieved May 29, 2007.
804:"Seminar on death penalty abolition held in Brest"
275:on officials and military servicemen convicted of
1283:Execution of Belarus death row prisoner confirmed
1231:"Belarus Executioner Accuses President of Murder"
844:
2434:
2057:
256:among officials and military personnel with the
886:
658:Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus
315:. The method used to carry out the sentence is
228:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
728:
2043:
1657:
1637:Petition against the Death Penalty in Belarus
956:Belarus and Uzbekistan: the last executioners
797:
795:
365:to notify her that her son had been executed.
1520:
1337:Amnesty International on November 30, 2016.
1321:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
979:Amnesty International (November 10, 1997).
911:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
168:connected with murder (Article 356, Part 2)
2050:
2036:
1664:
1650:
1465:
1233:. Reuters. August 29, 2001. Archived from
792:
619:2010. Due to some of the practices of the
1294:
1191:Human Rights Committee (April 24, 2003).
1186:
1184:
950:
948:
778:Embassy of Belarus in the United Kingdom
484:Learn how and when to remove this message
252:lawmakers approved a bill which punishes
45:Capital punishment is a legal penalty in
1218:Gypsy Laborer Faces Execution In Belarus
972:
356:
299:Before being executed, all prisoners on
286:
186:Murder of a police officer (Article 362)
107:Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus
17:
2012:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
1625:History of the death penalty in Belarus
1249:
1223:
882:
880:
878:
876:
832:Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
827:
825:
774:
772:
770:
498:Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs
389:
2435:
1671:
1474:
1358:from the original on December 2, 2021.
1181:
1119:from the original on December 11, 2022
999:
945:
801:
2031:
1645:
1432:
1402:from the original on August 17, 2022.
1380:from the original on October 8, 2022.
1303:from the original on December 4, 2022
1297:"Death verdics in Belarus since 1990"
1264:from the original on October 23, 2012
1199:from the original on October 23, 2012
1015:from the original on January 18, 2022
2017:Capital punishment for homosexuality
1482:"OSCE Comments on the Death Penalty"
1008:Уголовный кодекс Республики Беларусь
887:газете «Труд-7» (November 6, 2002).
873:
822:
767:
746:from the original on August 31, 2022
422:adding citations to reliable sources
393:
295:, used for the executions in Belarus
13:
1532:(in Russian). 1996. Archived from
62:Исключительная Мера Наказания, ИМН
14:
2474:
1940:Most recent executions by country
1608:
631:
54:Exceptional Measure of Punishment
969:. Accessed on September 5, 2005.
841:. Accessed on September 5, 2005.
688:
674:
398:
68:on August 25, 1991. The current
28: Abolished for all offences
1992:Religion and capital punishment
1586:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1506:
1406:
1396:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1384:
1362:
1352:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1340:
1329:
1288:
1276:
1256:Human Rights Committee (2003).
1211:
1195:. United Nations Organization.
1151:
1131:
1099:
1085:
1067:
1047:
1027:
433:"Capital punishment in Belarus"
409:needs additional citations for
172:Conspiracy to seize state power
2463:Human rights abuses in Belarus
1055:Signatory nations of the ICCPR
919:
758:
703:
651:
84:
1:
2448:Capital punishment by country
2443:Capital punishment in Belarus
2059:Capital punishment in Europe
1935:Enforcement or use by country
1370:"Правозащитный центр "Весна""
1011:(in Russian). April 2, 2006.
806:. BrestOnline. Archived from
667:
1593:Belarus amends criminal code
1112:U.S. News & World Report
1079:Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty
742:. Minsk. November 24, 2014.
311:), in the country's capital
305:Minsk Detention Center No. 1
267:On March 9, 2023, President
191:similar to the jury system.
177:Terrorist acts (Article 359)
7:
1862:Hanged, drawn and quartered
1598:September 30, 2007, at the
1060:September 26, 2007, at the
1040:September 27, 2007, at the
144:weapons of mass destruction
34: Retains death penalty
10:
2479:
1220:CBS News, October 13, 2009
785:December 19, 2007, at the
740:Viasna Human Rights Centre
2414:
2366:
2328:
2065:
1927:
1739:
1679:
1064:. Retrieved May 29, 2007.
893:(in Russian). BrestOnline
789:. Retrieved May 29, 2007.
282:
61:
1681:Current judicial methods
1578:January 4, 2006, at the
1528:
1007:
889:
802:Belpan (April 5, 2001).
565:2007 – at least one
363:2011 Minsk Metro bombing
113:Launching or conducting
1035:Death Penalty – Belarus
662:Constitution of Belarus
656:On March 11, 2004, the
262:Armed Forces of Belarus
137:Crimes against humanity
91:Constitution of Belarus
2108:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1630:March 4, 2021, at the
589:2015 – none known
571:2009 – none known
568:2008 – at least 4
383:Human Rights Committee
366:
296:
103:
42:
967:Amnesty International
360:
317:execution by shooting
290:
248:On December 7, 2022,
183:(Article 360, Part 2)
174:(Article 357, Part 3)
162:(Article 289, Part 3)
153:(Article 135, Part 3)
117:(Article 122, Part 2)
95:
70:national constitution
21:
1516:. February 17, 2023.
1494:on February 29, 2008
1453:on February 29, 2008
1115:. December 7, 2022.
1033:Legislationline.org
418:improve this article
390:Number of executions
269:Alexander Lukashenko
221:Alexander Lukashenko
2329:States with limited
1825:Republican marriage
1754:Damnatio ad bestias
1536:on October 19, 2007
1420:on December 2, 2018
1237:on January 16, 2002
1095:. December 7, 2022.
810:on February 9, 2006
529:Republic of Belarus
381:The United Nations
303:are transferred to
1997:Wrongful execution
1909:Suffocation in ash
1765:Blowing from a gun
1673:Capital punishment
1295:Spring 96 (2014).
1260:. United Nations.
961:2005-05-25 at the
933:on October 6, 2007
837:2010-11-04 at the
367:
297:
203:in December 1997.
151:war laws and usage
101:of a court of law.
89:Article 24 of the
43:
2453:Murder in Belarus
2430:
2429:
2025:
2024:
2002:Botched execution
613:2023 – none known
604:2020 – none known
494:
493:
486:
468:
374:live in exile in
371:death certificate
201:life imprisonment
149:Violation of the
79:Council of Europe
52:Also known as an
2470:
2367:Dependencies and
2066:Sovereign states
2052:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2028:
1711:Nitrogen hypoxia
1706:Lethal injection
1666:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1603:
1590:
1584:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1446:. Archived from
1445:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1416:. Archived from
1410:
1404:
1403:
1398:. May 31, 2018.
1388:
1382:
1381:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1169:on July 24, 2023
1165:. Archived from
1155:
1149:
1148:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1071:
1065:
1051:
1045:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
987:on April 1, 2006
983:. Archived from
976:
970:
952:
943:
942:
940:
938:
923:
917:
916:
910:
902:
900:
898:
884:
871:
870:
868:
866:
851:
842:
829:
820:
819:
817:
815:
799:
790:
776:
765:
762:
756:
755:
753:
751:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
707:
698:
693:
692:
684:
679:
678:
677:
504:Byelorussian SSR
489:
482:
478:
475:
469:
467:
426:
402:
394:
350:equipped with a
345:
239:Byelorussian SSR
63:
39:
33:
27:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2410:
2368:
2362:
2348:Northern Cyprus
2330:
2324:
2240:North Macedonia
2061:
2056:
2026:
2021:
1987:List of methods
1972:Final statement
1923:
1744:
1742:
1735:
1675:
1670:
1632:Wayback Machine
1611:
1606:
1600:Wayback Machine
1591:
1587:
1580:Wayback Machine
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1539:
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1521:
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1511:
1507:
1497:
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1456:
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1450:
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1433:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1354:. May 6, 2017.
1346:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1330:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1304:
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1289:
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1224:
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1200:
1189:
1182:
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429:Find sources:
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407:This section
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273:death penalty
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258:death penalty
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241:) signed the
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139:(Article 128)
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127:(Article 126)
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93:states that:
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50:
48:
20:
16:
2358:Transnistria
2320:Vatican City
2097:
1899:Slow slicing
1881:
1752:
1699:firing squad
1588:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1540:November 17,
1538:. Retrieved
1534:the original
1522:
1508:
1498:November 17,
1496:. Retrieved
1489:the original
1476:
1467:
1457:November 17,
1455:. Retrieved
1448:the original
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1422:. Retrieved
1418:the original
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1374:spring96.org
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1305:. Retrieved
1290:
1278:
1268:November 17,
1266:. Retrieved
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
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1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1171:. Retrieved
1167:the original
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1123:February 17,
1121:. Retrieved
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1017:. Retrieved
1001:
989:. Retrieved
985:the original
974:
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
921:
895:. Retrieved
863:. Retrieved
812:. Retrieved
808:the original
760:
748:. Retrieved
739:
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718:. Retrieved
714:
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655:
646:
642:
635:
617:
495:
480:
471:
461:
454:
447:
440:
428:
416:Please help
411:verification
408:
380:
368:
325:Oleg Alkayev
320:
298:
277:high treason
266:
254:high treason
247:
235:
231:
225:
209:mentally ill
205:
193:
189:
104:
96:
88:
75:
66:Soviet Union
53:
51:
44:
15:
2396:Isle of Man
2331:recognition
2300:Switzerland
2235:Netherlands
1955:Executioner
1795:Crucifixion
1770:Brazen bull
1760:Blood eagle
1741:Ancient and
1721:Gas chamber
1424:December 3,
1241:November 3,
1203:November 3,
1019:November 3,
991:November 3,
897:November 3,
865:December 9,
814:November 3,
652:Court cases
378:, Germany.
348:PB-9 pistol
328: [
215:"may grant
105:As per the
85:Legislation
2437:Categories
2270:San Marino
2230:Montenegro
2210:Luxembourg
2190:Kazakhstan
2093:Azerbaijan
1919:Waist chop
1883:Mazzatello
1877:Ishikozume
1872:Impalement
1867:Immurement
1857:Guillotine
1805:Decimation
750:August 31,
696:Law portal
668:References
474:March 2024
444:newspapers
352:suppressor
309:SIZO No. 1
307:(СИЗО, or
250:Belarusian
230:condemned
2386:Gibraltar
2205:Lithuania
1977:Last meal
1950:Death row
1852:Gibbeting
1726:Beheading
937:March 11,
338:be-tarask
301:death row
293:PB pistol
213:president
160:Terrorism
125:terrorism
2406:Svalbard
2391:Guernsey
2338:Abkhazia
2285:Slovenia
2280:Slovakia
2255:Portugal
2113:Bulgaria
1982:Penology
1894:Scaphism
1832:Elephant
1820:Drowning
1800:Crushing
1694:Shooting
1628:Archived
1596:Archived
1576:Archived
1400:Archived
1378:Archived
1356:Archived
1317:cite web
1301:Archived
1262:Archived
1197:Archived
1173:March 9,
1117:Archived
1058:Archived
1038:Archived
1013:Archived
959:Archived
907:cite web
835:Archived
783:Archived
744:Archived
610:2022 – 1
607:2021 – 1
601:2019 – 2
598:2018 – 4
595:2017 – 2
592:2016 – 4
181:Sabotage
131:Genocide
2310:Ukraine
2260:Romania
2220:Moldova
2178:Ireland
2173:Iceland
2168:Hungary
2158:Germany
2153:Georgia
2143:Finland
2138:Estonia
2133:Denmark
2118:Croatia
2103:Belgium
2098:Belarus
2088:Austria
2083:Armenia
2078:Andorra
2073:Albania
1904:Stoning
1847:Garrote
1842:Flaying
1837:Falling
1790:Burning
1775:Boiling
1745:methods
1731:Stoning
1689:Hanging
1307:May 12,
720:July 6,
500:(MVD):
458:scholar
217:pardons
166:Treason
99:verdict
58:Russian
47:Belarus
2401:Jersey
2343:Kosovo
2305:Turkey
2295:Sweden
2275:Serbia
2265:Russia
2250:Poland
2245:Norway
2225:Monaco
2195:Latvia
2163:Greece
2148:France
2123:Cyprus
1889:Sawing
1785:Burial
460:
453:
446:
439:
431:
376:Berlin
283:Method
38:
32:
26:
2376:Åland
2290:Spain
2215:Malta
2185:Italy
1945:Crime
1583:2006.
1492:(PDF)
1485:(PDF)
1451:(PDF)
1444:(PDF)
715:OHCHR
636:In a
465:JSTOR
451:books
344:]
313:Minsk
1960:list
1542:2007
1500:2007
1459:2007
1426:2018
1323:link
1309:2014
1270:2007
1243:2007
1205:2007
1175:2023
1125:2023
1021:2007
993:2007
939:2008
913:link
899:2007
867:2015
859:OSCE
816:2007
752:2022
722:2023
437:news
1163:CNA
1144:MSN
965:."
621:MVD
420:by
323:by
264:".
2439::
1394:.
1376:.
1372:.
1350:.
1319:}}
1315:{{
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846:^
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342:de
340:;
336:;
334:be
332:;
330:ru
291:A
279:.
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487:)
481:(
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472:(
462:·
455:·
448:·
441:·
414:.
56:(
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