Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

315: 625:, the Assembly decided to suspend the Russian delegation's voting rights as well as the right of Russian members to be represented in the Assembly's leading bodies and to participate in election observation missions. However, the Russian delegation remained members of the Assembly. The sanction applied throughout the remainder of the 2014 session and was renewed for a full year in January 2015, lapsing in January 2016. The sanction applied only to Russian parliamentarians in PACE, the Council of Europe's parliamentary body, and Russia continued to be a full member of the organisation as a whole. 588:

organisation, it has used this power to negotiate with applicant countries the conditions on which they join). In the 1950s it led the way in embracing recently defeated Germany, in the 1960s it took a strong stand during the Greek crisis, and in the 1970s it welcomed post-Franco Spain and Portugal into the democratic fold. Above all, it played a key role after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, creating a path towards membership for former Communist countries with its "Special Guest status", paving the way for the historic reconciliation of European nations under one roof.

1945: 1225: 3696: 3517: 2945: 3946: 2270: 1305: 1205: 3721: 3543: 2798: 2714: 2005: 1725: 1705: 3796: 3250: 3172: 2910: 2826: 1565: 3569: 3302: 3036: 2216: 173: 2164: 1685: 1185: 1825: 1605: 1585: 1505: 3871: 3413: 1405: 1885: 1245: 1865: 1785: 1365: 739:. In 2018, an independent investigation found "strong suspicions of corruptive conduct involving members of the Assembly" and named a multiple members as having breached the Assembly's Code of Conduct. Following a series of hearings, it sanctioned many of the members or former members mentioned in the Investigative Body's report, either by depriving them of certain rights, or by excluding them from the Assembly's premises for life. Following the 1985: 1645: 1485: 1465: 1265: 1145: 1125: 4046: 3896: 2190: 1805: 1345: 1325: 1165: 1105: 4071: 3921: 3821: 2296: 2138: 1965: 1845: 1665: 1545: 1285: 3996: 3746: 3276: 3008: 2854: 2384: 2322: 1745: 1445: 3646: 3465: 3361: 3595: 1625: 1425: 1925: 3771: 3224: 3092: 1765: 1385: 36: 4021: 3146: 605:

Council of Europe member states had permitted CIA "rendition flights" across their airspace, enabling the secret transfer of terror suspects without any legal rights. In a second report in 2007, Marty showed how two member states – Poland and Romania – had allowed "secret prisons" to be established on their territory, where torture took place. His main conclusions – subsequently confirmed in a series of rulings by the

3971: 1525: 3846: 3387: 3120: 2882: 2770: 2742: 2686: 1905: 3671: 3491: 2973: 3439: 3335: 3198: 3064: 102: 324: 775:"non-medically justified violations of children's physical integrity which may have a long-lasting impact on their lives". They called for a ban on the most harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation, while also calling for increased dialogue on other procedures they viewed as harmful, such as infant male circumcision, intersex medical interventions, and body piercings. 240:, the executive body representing governments, with which it holds an ongoing dialogue. However, it is the Assembly which is usually regarded as the "motor" of the organisation, holding governments to account on human rights issues, pressing states to maintain democratic standards, proposing fresh ideas and generating the momentum for reform. 646:

On 25 February 2022 - the day after Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 - Russia's membership in the Council of Europe was suspended by the Council of Europe's ministerial body, having consulted the Assembly earlier on the same day. Suspension does not have the same legal status as full

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implied a ban on state killing. In 1989 the Assembly took the decision to make ending executions a condition of Council of Europe membership - just before a wave of central and eastern European nations joined the organisation. Today, the death penalty has been abolished in law in all 46 member states

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objected that one was for the Saarland region, which was then under French control and did not rejoin Germany until 1957. It would have agreed to fourteen stars, but this was in turn unacceptable to France. Two years later, after further consultations, the twelve-star version was unanimously approved

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As the debate was drawing to a close, the Russian authorities submitted a formal letter announcing that it was withdrawing from the Council; however, as the expulsion procedure had already begun, this was no longer legally possible. The Assembly's debate continued and - in a unanimous vote of 216 in

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In response, the Russian parliamentary delegation suspended its co-operation with PACE in June 2014, and in January 2016 – despite the lapsing of the sanctions – the Russian parliament decided not to submit its delegation's credentials for ratification, effectively leaving its seats empty. It did so

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Parliaments with Partner for Democracy status, pledge to work towards certain basic values of the Council of Europe, and agree to occasional assessments of their progress. In return, they are able to send delegations to take part in the work of the Assembly and its committees, but without the right

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to the Council of Europe he proposed it again. However it was not until the early 1970s that the question was taken up by the Assembly's Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities. The parliamentarians saw an anthem as the next logical step, after the creation of the European flag in 1955

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Although the European Convention does not, in itself, require member states to present a multi-sex shortlist of potential appointees, in a 2004 resolution PACE decided that it "will not consider lists of candidates where the list does not include at least one candidate of each sex" unless there are

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has been invited to designate a delegation to take part in the work of the Assembly and its committees as observers without the right to vote. On 24 April 2023, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe approved Kosovo's application for membership, allowing the application to progress to

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While none of the above documents called for an outright ban on male circumcision, they did call for the procedure to be regulated and debated, and an accompanying report referred to the practice as a "human rights violation". This condemnation received criticism from religious groups and figures,

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On 25 June 2019, after an eight-hour debate which ended in the small hours, the Assembly voted to change its rules, to make clear that its members should always have the right "to vote, to speak and to be represented", acceding to a key Russian demand and paving the way for the return of a Russian

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In 2018, an online archive of all speeches made to the Parliamentary Assembly by heads of state or government since its creation in 1949 appeared on the Assembly's website, the fruit of the two-year project entitled "Voices of Europe". At the time of its launch, the archive comprised 263 speeches

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Although the Council of Europe is a human rights watchdog and a guardian against discrimination, it is widely regarded as becoming increasingly divided on moral issues because its membership includes mainly Muslim countries (Turkey and Azerbaijan) as well as Eastern European countries, among them

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The costs of participation in the Assembly – mainly travel and accommodation expenses – are borne by the national parliament of the delegation concerned. The few members who are appointed as rapporteurs, when they are carrying out work for the Assembly, have their costs covered by the Council of

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revealed convincing evidence that terror suspects were being transported to, held and tortured in CIA-run "secret prisons" on European soil. The evidence in his first report in 2006 – gathered with the help of investigative journalists and plane-spotters among others – suggested that a number of

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a year prior, the Assembly passed a resolution and an accompanying recommendation on children's right to physical integrity. These documents argued that while PACE had addressed forms of child abuse such as sexual violence and domestic violence, it was also necessary to address what they called

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In 1973 Swedish PACE member Astrid Bergegren first put forward a motion inviting member states to abolish the death penalty. Momentum built in the following years, and by 1980 the Assembly was calling on Europe's parliaments to abolish it, and insisting that the "right to life" included in the

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In the months since, the Assembly has on several occasions debated the consequences of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, including the legal consequences, and the practical support it can give to Ukraine. In October 2022, for example, it adopted a resolution declaring the Russian regime a

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parliamentary delegation. Within hours the Russian parliament had presented the credentials of a new delegation, which – despite being challenged – were approved without any sanction by a vote of 116 in favour, 62 against and 15 abstentions. As a result, the Russian delegation which included

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Over the decades, the Assembly has been at the forefront of supporting democratic change in successive waves of European nations at key moments in their history, negotiating their entry into the Council of Europe "club of democracies" (as the Assembly has a veto on any new member joining the

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reported that "some council members, notably Central Asian states and Russia, have tried to influence the organisation's parliamentary assembly with lavish gifts and trips". According to the report, said member states also hire lobbyists to fend off criticism of their human rights records.

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as working languages. Each parliamentarian has separate earphones and a desk on which they are able to select the language which they would like to listen to. When foreign guests wish to address the Assembly in languages other than its working languages, they are invited to bring their own

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in peacetime, though some continue to allow it in time of war. Though rare calls are occasionally heard for its reintroduction, abolition continent-wide is now regarded as a major achievement of the Council of Europe as a whole, and it now joins others in pressing for abolition worldwide.

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In 2015, PACE passed a resolution on religious freedom and tolerance that referenced its previous resolution on circumcision and reiterated its view that the procedure should only be performed under appropriate medical conditions. Though some outlets reported that PACE had retracted its

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in 2023, PACE adopted a motion which stated that "it regrets the fact that Members of the European Parliament have accepted and failed to declare trips to Azerbaijan, visits to the Nagorno-Karabakh region and luxury hotel stays that were organised and paid for by Azerbaijani officials."

473:– is regarded as a global standard-bearer for justice, protecting the rights of citizens in 46 European nations and beyond, and paving the way for the gradual convergence of human rights laws and practice across the continent. The Assembly continues to elect the judges of the Court. 560:

Beethoven was "justly regarded as one of the great European geniuses", and that his tune "had universal value". In a resolution adopted on 8 July 1971, the Assembly formally proposed "Ode to Joy" as the European anthem. The proposal found favour with the Council of Europe's

666:"terrorist" one, while in January 2023 it unanimously demanded the setting up of an international criminal tribunal in The Hague to prosecute Russian and Belarusian political and military leaders who "planned, prepared, initiated or executed" the war. In June 2023, as the 436:– interviews all candidates for judge on the Court and assesses their CVs before making recommendations to the full Assembly, which elects one judge from each shortlist in a secret vote. Judges are elected for a period of nine years and may not be re-elected. 711:

PACE members have been implicated in corruption scandals relating to the Qatari and Azerbaijani governments. Qatargate is an ongoing scandal, involving allegations that PACE officials, lobbyists and their families have been influenced by the governments of

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arguing that medical evidence against circumcision was presented in the Assembly's hearings and that the child's right to physical integrity overrode the parents' right to religious freedom. This op-ed was further criticized by the Anti-Defamation League.

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as its head, returned to PACE with its full rights after a gap of five years. In response, the Ukrainian delegation protested before the Assembly, and announced Ukraine would leave the institution. Ukraine returned to PACE in January 2020.

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by both bodies of the Council of Europe, with twelve being regarded as a symbol of perfection, and no longer related to the number of states in the organisation. The institutions of the European Union began using the flag in 1986.

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In January 2024, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe resolved to not ratify the credentials of the Azerbaijani delegation, thereby preventing the Azerbaijani delegates from participating in the work of the Assembly.

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Various proposals for a flag were submitted to the Council of Europe in the early 1950s and on 25 September 1953 the Assembly officially adopted a version with fifteen stars, which represented the number of

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Some very early speeches by individuals considered to be "founding figures" of the European institutions, even if they were not heads of state or government at the time, are also included (such as those by

654:'s ministerial body to go further and to "immediately" expel Russia from the Council because of its aggression against Ukraine. It is the first time in its history that the Assembly has made such a call. 940:

hold "Partner for Democracy" status with the Assembly – which allows their delegations to take part in the Assembly's work, but without the right to vote – and there are also observer delegates from the

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She heads an 80-strong multi-national secretariat based in Strasbourg, and is the first woman to hold the post since the Assembly's creation in 1949, as well as the first person of Greek nationality.

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delivered over a 70-year period by some 216 Presidents, Prime Ministers, monarchs and religious leaders from 45 countries, but it continues to expand, as new speeches are added every few months.

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anti-circumcision stance, PACE clarified that it had neither cancelled nor replaced the old resolution and that they had never called for infant circumcision to be banned in the first place.

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signalled it was considering allowing Russian and Belarusian athletes to take part in the Paris 2024 Olympics as "neutral individuals", the Assembly urged the continuation of a total ban.

4192: 461:, selecting which rights should be protected and defining the outline of the judicial mechanism to enforce them. Its detailed proposal, with some changes, was eventually adopted by the 3938: 397:

for week-long plenary sessions. The nine permanent committees of the Assembly meet all year long to prepare reports and draft resolutions in their respective fields of expertise.

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The Assembly is made up of 306 members drawn from the national parliaments of the Council of Europe's member states, and meets four times a year for week-long plenary sessions in

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The full text of the speeches is given in both English and French, regardless of the original language used. The archive is searchable by country, by name, and chronologically.

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of a possible Europe-wide competition - the committee decided that a piece of music without words would overcome the problem of multiple languages in Europe. The committee

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the Parliamentary Assembly. On 16 April 2024, the Parliamentary Assembly voted in favour of Kosovo's membership, with 131 votes in favour, 29 against, and 11 abstentions.

4143: 5131: 251:, saw European unity as the best way of preventing a return to the devastation of war, a "safety net" to prevent gross human rights violations such as the horrors of 5649: 6029: 5939: 6532: 4769: 3320: 697:

The European Parliament has had criticism over its prodigality and for being too complacent with conflicts of interest. Its refusal to become full member of the

5607: 5983: 5517:"PACE resolves not to ratify the credentials of Azerbaijan's parliamentary delegation, citing a failure to fulfil 'major commitments' - Portal - www.coe.int" 3688: 731:

scheme organized by the Azerbaijani government. In exchange for (A) whiteashing Azerbaijan's poor human rights record and (B) lobbying for Azerbaijan in the

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The Assembly has a total of 612 members in total – 306 principal members and 306 substitutes – who are appointed or elected by the parliaments of each

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favour, 0 against and 3 abstentions - the Assembly called for Russia's full expulsion. The following day, 16 March, at an extraordinary meeting, the

3913: 3813: 4932: 6151: 5973:, p. 149: "... despite strong opposition from the Cypriot government, the Turkish Cypriot community was awarded observer status in the PACE" 5918: 4462: 2993: 659: 237: 609:, as well as a comprehensive US Senate report – threw the first real light on a dark chapter in US and European history in the aftermath of the 357:

demand action from the 46 Council of Europe governments, who – acting through the organisation's executive body – must jointly reply

6480: 5060:"Texts adopted - Situation in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azerbaijan's attack and the continuing threats against Armenia - Thursday, 5 October 2023" 3888: 5773: 4883: 662:

acceded to the Assembly's request, and decided that Russia should cease to be a member from that same day, after 26 years as a member state.

5745: 353:), the Assembly does not have the power to create binding laws. However, it speaks on behalf of 700 million Europeans and has the power to: 3056: 4600: 6123: 3046: 5156: 4669: 811:

Russia, where social conservatism is strong. In 2007, this became evident when the Parliamentary Assembly voted on a report compiled by

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On 15 March, following an all-day debate at an Extraordinary Session, the Parliamentary Assembly adopted a resolution calling on the

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member states at the time. However "a difficulty arose" in the Council of Europe's ministerial body over the number of stars after

6030:"Time for the Gloves to Come Off?: The Response by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe to Rule of Law Backsliding" 5383: 5760: 2545: 457:

At its very first meeting, in the summer of 1949, the Parliamentary Assembly adopted the essential blueprint of what became the

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Election of the new Belgian Judge to the ECtHR: An all-male shortlist demonstrates a questionable commitment to gender equality

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community have been invited to participate in the deliberations of the assembly as observers without the right to vote.

314: 3102: 3018: 698: 441: 386:, from a list of three candidates submitted by governments, as well as the leading officials of the Council of Europe. 46: 5867: 5118: 4112: 924:, the Council of Europe's executive body, where each country has one vote. While not full members, the parliaments of 50: 6161: 5254: 4579: 4512:"Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states" 4339: 2818: 917: 5830: 5599: 4538: 4511: 4386: 4315: 6219: 6017: 4092: 1070: 767: 150: 5657: 5410: 4365:"Happy birthday to the #EuropeanAnthem, created #OnThisDay 50 years ago! The prelude to Beethoven's "Ode to Joy"…" 6501: 6294: 6116: 5947: 5015:"Report of the Independent Investigation Body on the allegations of corruption within the Parliamentary Assembly" 4131: 853: 667: 5493:"Resolution CM/Res(2022)2 on the cessation of the membership of the Russian Federation to the Council of Europe" 5492: 6166: 5321: 4539:"Secret detentions and illegal transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states: second report" 757: 606: 544: 466: 425: 383: 5554: 5530: 5045: 5031: 4904: 4486: 6171: 3242: 226:, a 46-nation international organisation dedicated to upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law. 68: 5774:

https://balkaninsight.com/2024/04/16/vote-puts-kosovo-one-step-from-accession-to-europes-chief-rights-body/

5326: 4816: 4559:"PACE affirms its members' rights 'to vote, to speak and to be represented in the Assembly and its bodies'" 4107: 2955: 2087: 263: 543:

was created in 1949. "Ode to Joy" had been suggested in the 1920s by the great pioneer of European unity,

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are elected by PACE from a list of three candidates nominated by each member state which has ratified the

6537: 3906: 2983: 2892: 2752: 2608: 5257:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, res. 2076. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2020. 5121:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, doc. 13297. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2020. 5094: 4954: 6109: 5362: 5341: 5059: 4144:"Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis, first woman elected Secretary General of the Parliamentary Assembly" 4006: 3756: 3353: 873: 753: 5085:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, doc. 13042. 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2020. 4811: 4790: 5628: 5109:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, rec. 2023. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2020. 5097:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, res. 1952. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2020. 5014: 4918: 4831:

Becker, Markus; Buschmann, Rafael; Naber, Nicola; Neukirch, Ralf; Truckendanner, Petra (2023-01-20).

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helping member states to overcome conflict or reach consensus on divisive political or social issues.

3325: 2780: 613:, kicked off a series of national probes, and helped to make torture on European soil less likely. 5785: 5231: 5032:"Allegations of corruption within the Assembly: committee deprives four members of certain rights" 4933:"The Azerbaijani Laundromat: $ 3 Billion Azerbaijani Money Laundering and Lobbying Scheme Exposed" 4177:

PACE creates a special committee for the election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights

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on 10 August 1949, embodying at that time the hopes of many Europeans who, in the aftermath of

136: 5046:"Committee deprives fourteen former members of the right to access Council of Europe premises" 3294: 2734: 6511: 3931: 3831: 2063: 1047: 565:, which formally adopted the anthem in 1972. It was subsequently taken up by the EU in 1985. 1028:

A number of leading British political personalities, including former Deputy Prime Minister

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high-profile reports exposing violations of human rights in Council of Europe member states;

5363:"1949–2019 Les voix de l'Europe : Discours prononcés devant l'Assemblée parlementaire" 4368: 4196: 2572: 849: 610: 490: 470: 400:

The Assembly sets its own agenda, but its debates and reports are primarily focused on the

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as Secretary General of the Assembly, serving a five-year term beginning in March 2021.

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The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States

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In April 2014, after the Russian parliament's backing for the annexation of Crimea and

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set the terms on which states may join the Council of Europe, through its power of veto

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In two reports for the Assembly in 2006 and 2007, Swiss Senator and former Prosecutor

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are women, making the Court a leader among international courts on gender balance.

394: 337: 293: 180: 5889: 4973:"PACE – Doc. 14653 (2018) – Follow-up to the Azerbaijani Laundromat investigation" 4864: 4833:"A Secret Meeting in Suite 412. Inside the European Parliament Corruption Scandal" 3138: 860:) and several leaders from countries in the Middle East and North Africa (such as 6364: 5968: 4744:"EU Influence: Shrugging off oversight — Uber crunch — Stellantis skips lobbying" 2874: 2654:

The Presidents of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe have been:

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exceptional circumstances. As a result, around one-third of the current bench of

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It is one of the two statutory bodies of the Council of Europe, along with the

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https://pace.coe.int/en/news/9339/theodoros-rousopoulos-elected-pace-president

6526: 6475: 6324: 6056: 3881: 3763: 3405: 2530: 1569: 1564: 1037: 1029: 985: 869: 865: 812: 252: 4213:"Choice of an emblem for the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe" 382:

Important statutory functions of PACE are the election of the judges of the

5699: 5132:"Israel calls on Council of Europe to rescind anti-circumcision resolution" 4770:"A Dictator's Dream: Azerbaijan Seeks to Burnish Image Ahead of Eurovision" 4436: 4411: 4241: 4056: 3216: 2614: 2593: 1041: 993: 861: 780: 525: 419: 405: 248: 6419: 6359: 5342:"1949–2019 Voices of Europe: Speeches made to the Parliamentary Assembly" 4837: 4774: 4266: 4212: 3701: 3574: 3522: 3307: 3084: 3041: 2950: 1949: 1944: 1709: 1704: 1003: 969: 964:

former heads of state or government such as Britain's wartime leader Sir

820: 413: 172: 5629:"Population size and growth in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census" 4991:"Caviar Diplomacy – How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe | ESI" 4694: 452: 375:

request legal evaluations of the laws and constitutions of member states

6389: 6354: 6334: 4534: 4507: 4463:"Turkey may bring death penalty back for people who start forest fires" 4437:"European Convention on Human Rights - Abolition of capital punishment" 3876: 3418: 3112: 2762: 2168: 2163: 2050: 1829: 1824: 1689: 1684: 1609: 1604: 1189: 1184: 1073:(United Kingdom), author of the autobiographical memoir and travelogue 1022: 1007: 999: 925: 747: 721: 601: 497:

Having been proposed by the Assembly, both were adopted firstly by the

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Official result of the election, website of the Parliamentary Assembly

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inspiring and helping to shape many progressive new national laws; and

6329: 5579:"Estimated Population in Palestine Mid-Year by Governorate,1997-2021" 5157:"Israel condemns Council of Europe resolution on ritual circumcision" 3713: 3535: 1589: 1584: 433: 409: 333: 6101: 4621: 6455: 6404: 6399: 6379: 6244: 5294:"Council of Europe doubles down on anti-ritual circumcision stance" 4076: 4051: 3901: 3561: 1889: 1884: 1869: 1864: 1789: 1784: 1249: 1244: 701:

like all its member states is also a matter of criticism. In 2013,

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sanction a member state by recommending its exclusion or suspension

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and Europe Day in 1964, to "spread the European idea" and - after

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Propositions for an anthem for Europe began almost as soon as the

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send parliamentarians to observe elections and mediate over crises

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assisting former Soviet countries to embrace democracy after 1989;

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ceased to be a member of the Council of Europe on 16 March 2022.

1989: 1984: 1809: 1804: 1649: 1644: 1509: 1489: 1484: 1469: 1464: 1429: 1424: 1369: 1364: 1349: 1344: 1329: 1324: 1269: 1264: 1209: 1204: 1169: 1164: 1149: 1144: 1129: 1124: 1109: 1104: 933: 717: 641: 5831:"The situation in Kosovo* and the role of the Council of Europe" 4882:

Harding, Luke; Barr, Caelainn; Nagapetyants, Dina (2017-09-04).

2104: 844:). Addresses by eight monarchs appear in the list (such as King 591: 6470: 6460: 6450: 6424: 6414: 6394: 6374: 6369: 6349: 6319: 6279: 6254: 4580:"Examination of credentials of representatives and substitutes" 4026: 3976: 3851: 3651: 3600: 3470: 3392: 3366: 3151: 3125: 2887: 2775: 2747: 2691: 2388: 2383: 2326: 2321: 2300: 2295: 2274: 2269: 2142: 2137: 1969: 1964: 1929: 1924: 1849: 1844: 1769: 1764: 1749: 1744: 1669: 1664: 1549: 1544: 1449: 1444: 1389: 1384: 1289: 1284: 950: 946: 942: 929: 784: 772:

Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development

506: 188: 5531:"PACE grants Jordan's Parliament Partner for Democracy Status" 5471:"Dell'Utri condannato anche in appello, pena ridotta a 7 anni" 4884:"Everything you need to know about the Azerbaijani Laundromat" 856:) as well as the speeches given by religious figures (such as 6465: 6409: 6339: 6314: 4624:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2019-06-26 4561:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2019-06-25 4489:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2014-07-24 3676: 3496: 3444: 3340: 3203: 3069: 2978: 1909: 1904: 1629: 1624: 1529: 1524: 1051: 713: 476: 4830: 4603:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Condom of Europe. 2021-06-25 6094: 4716:"Le Parlement européen terni par une affaire de corruption" 616: 323: 5761:"Kosovo Passes First Step to Council of Europe Membership" 1083: 363:

question Prime Ministers and Heads of State on any subject

5322:"European lawmakers condemn efforts to teach creationism" 5107:"Children's right to physical integrity (recommendation)" 1011: 360:

probe human rights violations in any of the member states

4695:"Council of Europe declares Russia a 'terrorist' regime" 485:, the twelve yellow stars on a blue background, and the 420:

Election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights

4881: 4812:"Where a Glitzy Pop Contest Takes Priority Over Rights" 201: 629:

again in January 2017, January 2018 and January 2019.

266:

by requiring new member states to stop all executions;

5865: 4643:"Рада повернула Україну в ПАРЄ Четвер, 16 січня 2020" 568: 453:

Birthplace of the European Convention on Human Rights

389:

In general the Assembly meets four times per year in

5269:"Council of Europe Drops Anti-circumcision Campaign" 2567:

European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance

1069:

the Scottish soldier, adventurer, writer and MP Sir

891:

The official languages of the Council of Europe are

748:

Resolution on children's right to physical integrity

372:

inspire, propose and help to shape new national laws

269:

making possible, and providing a blueprint for, the

4863:Project, Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting. 4824: 2240: 817:

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

693:

Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament

582: 5855:https://pace.coe.int/en/aplist/countries/10/cyprus 5384:"Turkey's presence at Council of Europe increased" 727:Multiple PACE officials have been implicated in a 4919:"Who Profited From The 'Azerbaijani Laundromat'?" 2462: 6524: 5119:"Report: Children's right to physical integrity" 4670:"Russia quits Council of Europe rights watchdog" 4622:"PACE ratifies Russian delegation's credentials" 4340:"PACE - Resolution 492 (1971) - European anthem" 6533:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 5868:"KKTC'nin nüfusu 382 bin 836 olarak hesaplandı" 4441:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 4416:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 4271:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 4246:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 4242:"Choice of an emblem for the Council of Europe" 4217:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 4149:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1054:), convicted for complicity in conspiracy with 660:Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe 216:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 94:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 6037:European Convention on Human Rights Law Review 5315: 5313: 3553:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 3423:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 3260:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 642:Expulsion of Russia from the Council of Europe 6117: 2588:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 2105:Parliaments with Partner for Democracy status 960:Some notable former members of PACE include: 505:. Both are now known worldwide as symbols of 469:– given shape and form during the Assembly's 4791:"Corruption Undermining Democracy in Europe" 258:Among the Assembly's main achievements are: 255:, and a democratic bulwark against tyranny. 6543:International organizations based in Europe 6027: 5310: 5207:"Circumcision of young boys is not a right" 4905:"Zero tolerance for corruption within PACE" 4645:[Council returns Ukraine to PACE]. 4635: 481:The Assembly was at the origin of both the 6124: 6110: 6028:Donald, Alice; Speck, Anne-Katrin (2021). 5984:"Assembly List 2024 - Second part-session" 5940:"Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly" 5911:"Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly" 5650:"Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly" 2408: 2130:Year Partner for Democracy status granted 477:Originator of the European flag and anthem 171: 100: 6182:Commission against Racism and Intolerance 5463: 4955:"The EBRD and the Azerbaijani Laundromat" 4362: 1017:scandal and organ theft in Kosovo by the 735:, European politicians were paid off and 6177:Commission for the Efficiency of Justice 5477:(in Italian). 2010-06-29. Archived from 5204: 5154: 5095:"Children's right to physical integrity" 4767: 3957:Alliance of Independent Social Democrats 3047:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy 617:Sanctions against the Russian delegation 404:'s three core statutory aims, defending 4921:. 2017-09-14 – via www.rferl.org. 4809: 4788: 3527:Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group 3501:Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group 2467:The Assembly has six political groups. 1084:Composition by parliamentary delegation 243:The Assembly held its first session in 6525: 5319: 5205:Pasquier, Liliane Maury (2012-12-25). 4937:Armenian National Committee of America 4738: 4736: 4091:In January 2021, the Assembly elected 3707:Social Democratic Party of Switzerland 2525:Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group 678: 25:Assembly of the Western European Union 6131: 6105: 5882:"Turkish Cypriot Chamber of Commerce" 5681:. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics 4899: 4897: 4533: 3782:Christian Democratic Union of Germany 3605:Group of the European People's Party 3475:Group of the European People's Party 3449:Group of the European People's Party 3397:Group of the European People's Party 3312:Group of the European People's Party 3234:Group of the European People's Party 3130:Group of the European People's Party 1040:, and former Scottish First Minister 805: 501:, and - several years later - by the 5866:Muhammet İkbal Arslan (2022-10-10). 5758: 5724:"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020" 4856: 4506: 4460: 4207: 4205: 4187: 4185: 4172: 4170: 4086: 2346: 826: 741:flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians 737:received lavish gifts and paid trips 545:Count Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi 29: 5400:This number is fixed by article 26. 5163:. Guardian News & Media Limited 4862: 4733: 3732:Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats 3579:Group of the Unified European Left 2634:Members not belonging to any group 576:European Convention on Human Rights 532: 459:European Convention on Human Rights 430:European Convention on Human Rights 271:European Convention on Human Rights 13: 6004: 5743: 5266: 5229: 5136:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4894: 3611: 2090:was suspended on 13 January 1997. 569:Ending the death penalty in Europe 222:) is the parliamentary arm of the 14: 6569: 6553:Organizations established in 1949 6548:Organizations based in Strasbourg 6512:Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 6086: 4412:"Abolition of capital punishment" 4387:"Abolition of capital punishment" 4202: 4182: 4167: 2421: 2360: 2246: 2114: 1032:, former Liberal Democrat leader 512: 5155:Sherwood, Harriet (2013-10-07). 4943:from the original on 2018-09-02. 4890:– via www.theguardian.com. 4093:Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis 4069: 4044: 4019: 3994: 3969: 3944: 3919: 3894: 3869: 3844: 3819: 3794: 3769: 3744: 3719: 3694: 3669: 3644: 3593: 3567: 3541: 3515: 3489: 3463: 3437: 3411: 3385: 3359: 3333: 3300: 3274: 3248: 3222: 3196: 3170: 3144: 3118: 3090: 3062: 3034: 3006: 2971: 2943: 2908: 2880: 2852: 2824: 2796: 2768: 2740: 2712: 2684: 2382: 2320: 2294: 2268: 2241:Parliaments with observer status 2214: 2188: 2162: 2136: 2086:The special guest status of the 2003: 1983: 1963: 1943: 1923: 1903: 1883: 1863: 1843: 1823: 1803: 1783: 1763: 1743: 1723: 1703: 1683: 1663: 1643: 1623: 1603: 1583: 1563: 1543: 1523: 1503: 1483: 1463: 1443: 1423: 1403: 1383: 1363: 1343: 1323: 1303: 1283: 1263: 1243: 1223: 1203: 1183: 1163: 1143: 1123: 1103: 1064:concorso in associazione mafiosa 972:, former Italian Prime Minister 673: 583:Support for emerging democracies 322: 313: 151:Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis 34: 6016:, Jean-Louis Burban, publisher 5976: 5961: 5932: 5903: 5874: 5859: 5848: 5823: 5802: 5778: 5767: 5752: 5737: 5716: 5692: 5671: 5642: 5631:. Statistics Canada. 2017-02-08 5621: 5610:from the original on 2022-08-12 5592: 5581:. Statistics Canada. 2019-11-16 5571: 5547: 5523: 5509: 5485: 5445: 5421: 5403: 5394: 5376: 5355: 5334: 5286: 5260: 5248: 5232:"Re 'Is Circumcision A Right?'" 5223: 5198: 5174: 5148: 5124: 5112: 5100: 5088: 5076: 5052: 5038: 5024: 5007: 4983: 4965: 4947: 4925: 4911: 4875: 4845:from the original on 2023-01-31 4803: 4782: 4761: 4708: 4687: 4662: 4614: 4593: 4572: 4551: 4527: 4500: 4479: 4454: 4429: 4404: 4379: 4356: 4332: 4308: 4223:from the original on 2022-04-07 4191:Adelaide Remiche (2012-08-12), 4113:Václav Havel Human Rights Prize 2069: 2056: 2043: 2030: 911: 668:International Olympic Committee 447: 5759:Bami, Xhorxhina (2023-04-24). 5365:(in French). Council of Europe 5320:Castle, Stephen (2007-10-04). 4284: 4259: 4234: 4156: 4136: 4125: 3191:Miguel Ángel Martínez Martínez 3075:Union of the Democratic Centre 2463:Composition by political group 758:Intersex medical interventions 607:European Court of Human Rights 467:European Court of Human Rights 426:European Court of Human Rights 384:European Court of Human Rights 1: 6558:1949 establishments in Europe 6172:Commissioner for Human Rights 5870:(in Turkish). Anadolu Agency. 5275:. Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd 4768:Neukirch, Ralf (2012-01-04). 4118: 3657:Justice and Development Party 2649: 2262:Year observer status granted 1006:), appointed in late 2005 as 899:, but the Assembly also uses 766:In October 2013, following a 296:, both later taken up by the 5327:International Herald Tribune 4865:"The Azerbaijani Laundromat" 4817:International Herald Tribune 4810:Dempsey, Judy (2012-04-27). 4789:Dempsey, Judy (2013-02-04). 4108:European Cultural Convention 2419: 2358: 2244: 2112: 2088:National Assembly of Belarus 992:, former Albanian President 988:, former Georgian President 886: 787:at the time, as well as the 7: 4461:King, Jordan (2022-06-26). 4267:"Choice of a Europe emblem" 4101: 2893:Popular Republican Movement 2753:Popular Republican Movement 2609:Unified European Left Group 2440: 2413:Two representatives of the 2379: 2317: 2291: 2265: 2211: 2185: 2159: 2133: 2000: 1980: 1960: 1940: 1920: 1900: 1880: 1860: 1840: 1820: 1800: 1780: 1760: 1740: 1720: 1700: 1680: 1660: 1640: 1620: 1600: 1580: 1560: 1540: 1520: 1500: 1480: 1460: 1440: 1420: 1400: 1380: 1360: 1340: 1320: 1300: 1280: 1260: 1240: 1220: 1200: 1180: 1160: 1140: 1120: 1100: 984:, former Finnish President 980:, former Cypriot President 976:, former Turkish President 968:, former German Chancellor 10: 6574: 6497:Czechoslovakia (1991–1992) 4651:(in Ukrainian). 2020-01-16 4007:Socialist Party of Albania 3632: 3371:European Democratic Group 3182:European Democratic Group 3156:European Democratic Group 2441: 2380: 2318: 2292: 2266: 2212: 2186: 2160: 2134: 2001: 1981: 1961: 1941: 1921: 1901: 1881: 1861: 1841: 1821: 1801: 1781: 1761: 1741: 1721: 1701: 1681: 1661: 1641: 1621: 1601: 1581: 1561: 1541: 1521: 1501: 1481: 1461: 1441: 1421: 1401: 1381: 1361: 1341: 1321: 1301: 1281: 1261: 1241: 1221: 1201: 1181: 1161: 1141: 1121: 1101: 754:Circumcision controversies 751: 682: 18: 6489: 6443: 6200: 6139: 6049:10.1163/26663236-bja10025 4363:@PACE_News (2022-01-18). 4195:Oxford Human Rights Hub, 3939:Snježana Novaković-Bursać 3624: 3621: 2665: 2662: 2472: 2443:Turkish Cypriot Community 819:on the rise of Christian 762:Female genital mutilation 733:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 471:historic post-war debates 304: 199: 194: 179: 170: 165: 157: 143: 129: 124: 116: 111: 99: 92: 5453:"Members A-Z since 1949" 3618: 2659: 2023: 1015:extraordinary renditions 19:Not to be confused with 6507:Saar (assoc. 1950–1956) 6157:Parliamentary Assembly 6152:Committee of Ministers 4722:(in French). 2011-03-22 3757:Austrian People's Party 3103:Social Democratic Party 3019:Social Democratic Party 2620:Anne Stambach-Terrenoir 2546:European People's Party 2409:Invited representatives 1036:, former Labour leader 635:Pyotr Olegovich Tolstoy 349:(an institution of the 264:death penalty in Europe 6240:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6014:Le Conseil de l'Europe 5810:"Population of Kosovo" 5744:Si, Nen (2023-04-24). 5236:Anti-Defamation League 5186:Anti-Defamation League 5064:www.europarl.europa.eu 4959:www.europarl.europa.eu 3952:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3639:Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş 3628:Political affiliation 3588:Theodoros Roussopoulos 3510:Liliane Maury Pasquier 2669:Political affiliation 1230:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1063: 1019:Kosovo Liberation Army 922:Committee of Ministers 846:Juan Carlos I of Spain 789:Anti-Defamation League 685:Azerbaijani laundromat 563:Committee of Ministers 238:Committee of Ministers 137:Theodoros Roussopoulos 16:Parliamentary assembly 6167:Court of Human Rights 5786:"Assembly of Kosovo*" 4320:The Council of Europe 4296:The Council of Europe 3932:Servant of the People 3832:Democrats for Andorra 3057:José María de Areilza 2064:Serbia and Montenegro 874:Léopold Sédar Senghor 6020:, collection « 5415:www.assembly.coe.int 5411:"Members since 1949" 4977:www.assembly.coe.int 4601:"Vote on Resolution" 4197:University of Oxford 2573:Ian Liddell-Grainger 850:Albert II of Belgium 611:11 September attacks 592:Exposing torture in 491:Ludwig van Beethoven 489:, an arrangement of 65:improve this article 5967:James Ker-Lindsay, 5726:. INEGI. 2021-03-16 5700:"Israel - Observer" 5429:"Council of Europe" 5344:. Council of Europe 5298:The Times of Israel 5230:Foxman, Abraham H. 5211:The Washington Post 5048:. PACE. 2018-06-27. 5034:. PACE. 2018-05-16. 5020:. PACE. 2018-04-15. 4907:. PACE. 2018-04-26. 4292:"The European flag" 3689:Pierre-Alain Fridez 3321:Lluís Maria de Puig 3295:René van der Linden 2984:Christian Democracy 2903:Geoffrey de Freitas 2735:François de Menthon 2075:Previously part of 2036:Previously part of 1010:to investigate the 990:Mikhail Saakashvili 854:Henri of Luxembourg 794:The Washington Post 783:, the president of 679:Corruption scandals 623:Russo-Ukrainian War 347:European Parliament 336:of the PACE at the 69:independent sources 21:European Parliament 6538:Politics of Europe 6502:Russia (1996–2022) 6022:Que sais-je ? 4796:The New York Times 3807:Conservative Party 3664:Elisabetta Gardini 3380:Jean-Claude Mignon 2353:Assembly of Kosovo 2095:Russian Federation 1076:Eastern Approaches 1048:Marcello Dell'Utri 996:, and many others. 806:Cultural divisions 704:The New York Times 554:initial discussion 412:and upholding the 6520: 6519: 6187:Venice Commission 6147:Secretary General 6133:Council of Europe 5497:Council of Europe 4648:Ukrayinska Pravda 4316:"European Anthem" 4087:Secretary General 4084: 4083: 3989:Blerina Gjylameti 3964:Agnieszka Pomaska 3682:Brothers of Italy 3609: 3608: 3484:Michele Nicoletti 3458:Stella Kyriakides 3165:Geoffrey Finsberg 2966:Giuseppe Vedovato 2647: 2646: 2575:(United Kingdom) 2460: 2459: 2406: 2405: 2347:Other delegations 2344: 2343: 2238: 2237: 2021: 2020: 974:Silvio Berlusconi 966:Winston Churchill 878:Hussein of Jordan 858:Pope John Paul II 838:Winston Churchill 827:Historic speeches 652:Council of Europe 541:Council of Europe 522:Council of Europe 499:Council of Europe 463:Council of Europe 402:Council of Europe 224:Council of Europe 212: 211: 145:Secretary General 86: 85: 56:largely based on 6565: 6126: 6119: 6112: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6097: 6095:Official website 6082: 6080: 6079: 6073: 6067:. Archived from 6034: 6024: », n° 885. 6012: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5988: 5980: 5974: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5946:. Archived from 5936: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5917:. Archived from 5907: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5888:. Archived from 5878: 5872: 5871: 5863: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5842: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5782: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5731: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5656:. 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Europe 208: 205: 203: 181:Palace of Europe 175: 104: 90: 89: 81: 78: 72: 58:routine coverage 38: 37: 30: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6485: 6439: 6365:North Macedonia 6196: 6135: 6130: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6032: 6010: 6007: 6005:Further reading 6002: 6001: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5966: 5962: 5953: 5951: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5924: 5922: 5909: 5908: 5904: 5895: 5893: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5849: 5840: 5838: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5815: 5813: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5794: 5792: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5772: 5768: 5757: 5753: 5742: 5738: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5721: 5717: 5708: 5706: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5684: 5682: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5663: 5661: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5634: 5632: 5627: 5626: 5622: 5613: 5611: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5584: 5582: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5563: 5561: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5539: 5537: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5501: 5499: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5437: 5435: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5395: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5368: 5366: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5347: 5345: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5318: 5311: 5302: 5300: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5278: 5276: 5265: 5261: 5253: 5249: 5240: 5238: 5228: 5224: 5215: 5213: 5203: 5199: 5190: 5188: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5166: 5164: 5153: 5149: 5140: 5138: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5117: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5068: 5066: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4999: 4997: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4903: 4902: 4895: 4880: 4876: 4861: 4857: 4848: 4846: 4829: 4825: 4808: 4804: 4787: 4783: 4766: 4762: 4753: 4751: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4725: 4723: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4700: 4698: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4679: 4677: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4654: 4652: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4627: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4606: 4604: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4564: 4562: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4543: 4541: 4532: 4528: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4505: 4501: 4492: 4490: 4485: 4484: 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Pflimlin 2853: 2851: 2825: 2823: 2809:Socialist Party 2797: 2795: 2781:Socialist Party 2769: 2767: 2741: 2739: 2725:Socialist Party 2713: 2711: 2685: 2683: 2678:Édouard Herriot 2652: 2643: 2640: 2629: 2626: 2618: 2603: 2600: 2582: 2579: 2561: 2558: 2552:Davor Ivo Stier 2540: 2537: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2465: 2433: 2415:Turkish Cypriot 2411: 2381: 2372: 2349: 2319: 2293: 2267: 2258: 2243: 2213: 2187: 2161: 2135: 2126: 2107: 2084: 2083: 2074: 2070: 2061: 2057: 2048: 2044: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2002: 1982: 1962: 1942: 1922: 1902: 1882: 1862: 1842: 1822: 1802: 1782: 1762: 1742: 1730:North Macedonia 1722: 1702: 1682: 1662: 1642: 1622: 1602: 1582: 1562: 1542: 1522: 1502: 1482: 1462: 1442: 1422: 1402: 1382: 1362: 1342: 1322: 1302: 1282: 1262: 1242: 1222: 1202: 1182: 1162: 1142: 1122: 1102: 1086: 1071:Fitzroy Maclean 1034:Charles Kennedy 914: 889: 852:and Grand Duke 829: 808: 764: 750: 695: 681: 676: 644: 619: 598: 594:CIA black sites 585: 571: 537: 517: 479: 455: 450: 422: 343: 342: 341: 340: 329: 328: 327: 319: 318: 307: 200: 153: 146: 139: 132: 107: 95: 82: 76: 73: 62: 47:a press release 39: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6571: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6493: 6491: 6490:Former members 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6435:United Kingdom 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6260:Czech Republic 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6206: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6192:Pompidou Group 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6129: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6106: 6100: 6099: 6088: 6087:External links 6085: 6084: 6083: 6043:(2): 241–273. 6025: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5975: 5960: 5931: 5902: 5873: 5858: 5847: 5822: 5801: 5777: 5766: 5751: 5736: 5715: 5691: 5670: 5641: 5620: 5591: 5570: 5546: 5522: 5508: 5484: 5481:on 2012-03-05. 5462: 5444: 5420: 5402: 5393: 5375: 5354: 5333: 5309: 5285: 5267:Aderet, Ofer. 5259: 5247: 5222: 5197: 5173: 5147: 5123: 5111: 5099: 5087: 5075: 5051: 5037: 5023: 5006: 4995:www.esiweb.org 4982: 4964: 4946: 4939:. 2017-09-05. 4924: 4910: 4893: 4874: 4855: 4823: 4802: 4781: 4760: 4732: 4707: 4686: 4661: 4634: 4613: 4592: 4571: 4550: 4537:(2007-06-11). 4526: 4510:(2006-06-12). 4499: 4478: 4453: 4428: 4403: 4378: 4371:) – via 4355: 4331: 4307: 4283: 4258: 4233: 4219:. 1953-09-21. 4201: 4181: 4166: 4155: 4135: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4100: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4041: 4039:Georg Georgiev 4035: 4034: 4029: 4016: 4014:Markus Wiechel 4010: 4009: 4004: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982:Civic Platform 3979: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3916: 3914:Olena Khomenko 3910: 3909: 3904: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3866: 3864:Marco Nicolini 3860: 3859: 3854: 3841: 3839:Bertrand Bouyx 3835: 3834: 3829: 3816: 3814:Bernadeta Coma 3810: 3809: 3804: 3802:United Kingdom 3791: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3729: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3704: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3434: 3432:Pedro Agramunt 3429: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3330: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3271: 3269:Peter Schieder 3266: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3256:United Kingdom 3245: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3178:United Kingdom 3167: 3162: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3031: 3029:Hans de Koster 3026: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3003: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2940: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2916:United Kingdom 2905: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2849: 2847:Per Federspiel 2844: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2832:United Kingdom 2821: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2681: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2612: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2591: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2570: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2549: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2528: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2410: 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1655: 1652: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1310:Czech Republic 1299: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1067: 1045: 1026: 1025:, in 1998–2001 997: 913: 910: 908:interpreters. 888: 885: 842:Robert Schuman 828: 825: 807: 804: 749: 746: 680: 677: 675: 672: 643: 640: 618: 615: 597: 590: 584: 581: 570: 567: 536: 531: 516: 514:Flag of Europe 511: 503:European Union 483:Flag of Europe 478: 475: 454: 451: 449: 446: 424:Judges of the 421: 418: 380: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 358: 351:European Union 331: 330: 321: 320: 312: 311: 310: 309: 308: 306: 303: 302: 301: 298:European Union 290:Flag of Europe 286: 283: 280: 277: 274: 267: 210: 209: 197: 196: 192: 191: 177: 176: 168: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 149: 147: 144: 141: 140: 135: 133: 130: 127: 126: 122: 121: 120:10 August 1949 118: 114: 113: 109: 108: 105: 97: 96: 93: 84: 83: 51:a news article 42: 40: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6570: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6488: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6476:United States 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6325:Liechtenstein 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6127: 6122: 6120: 6115: 6113: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6096: 6091: 6090: 6074:on 2022-09-29 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6026: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6009: 6008: 5985: 5979: 5972: 5971: 5964: 5950:on 2014-03-07 5949: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5921:on 2015-02-21 5920: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5892:on 2015-06-10 5891: 5887: 5883: 5877: 5869: 5862: 5856: 5851: 5836: 5832: 5826: 5811: 5805: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5770: 5762: 5755: 5747: 5740: 5725: 5719: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5680: 5674: 5660:on 2014-02-28 5659: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5630: 5624: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5580: 5574: 5560: 5556: 5550: 5536: 5532: 5526: 5518: 5512: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5448: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5416: 5412: 5406: 5397: 5390:. 2015-05-24. 5389: 5385: 5379: 5364: 5358: 5343: 5337: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5316: 5314: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5212: 5208: 5201: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5047: 5041: 5033: 5027: 5016: 5010: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4920: 4914: 4906: 4900: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4844: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4827: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4785: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4737: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4696: 4690: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4638: 4623: 4617: 4602: 4596: 4581: 4575: 4560: 4554: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4488: 4482: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4186: 4179:, 2014-06-24. 4178: 4173: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4152:. 2021-03-01. 4151: 4150: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4080: 4078: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4003: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3882:RETE Movement 3880: 3878: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3767: 3765: 3764:Armin Laschet 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