3669:. Total battle casualties of "Indian Other Ranks" is given to be 1164 out of a total of 3893 military personnel from India who were garrisoned in Hong Kong. The 5/7 Rajput bore the heaviest losses recorded amongst the 6 combat regiments during the battle of Hong Kong: 156 killed in action or died from wounds, 113 missing, and 193 wounded. The 2/14 Punjab had 55 killed in action or died from wounds, 69 missing, and 161 wounded. C Force casualties in the battle were 23 officers and 267 other ranks killed or died of wounds, including five officers and 16 other ranks of the brigade headquarters, seven officers and 123 men of the Royal Rifles and 11 officers and 128 men of the Winnipeg Grenadiers. C Force also had 28 officers and 465 men wounded. Some of the dead were murdered by Japanese soldiers during or after surrender. Japanese soldiers committed a number of atrocities on 19 December, when the aid post at the Salesian Mission near Sau Ki Wan was overrun. A total of 1,528 soldiers, mainly Commonwealth (predominantly Indians and Canadians), are either buried or commemorated there. There are also graves of other Allied combatants who died in the region during the war, including some Dutch sailors who were re-interred in Hong Kong after the war.
4157:
3459:
Cecil's Ride on the side of
Jardine's Lookout, the 2/230th towards Jardine's Lookout, the 2/228th advanced on the other side of Jardine's Lookout, the 1/228th moved through Quarry Gap and the 3/229th advanced up Tai Tam Reservoir Road. The Japanese swept aside the weak infantry screens and while pillboxes inflicted casualties the Japanese were able to bypass such strong points and captured Jardine's Lookout. At 06:20 Pillbox PB1 occupied by No. 3 Company, HKVDC fired on an estimated 400 IJA advancing along Sir Cecil's Ride. Several IJA battalions advancing along the catchwaters captured the anti-aircraft positions on Tai Tam Reservoir Road east of Wong Nei Chung Gap, after a heavy firefight. In the early morning Lawson brought forward A Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers to recapture Jardine's Lookout and they then successfully retook Jardine's Lookout, but only for a couple of hours before the hill fell after an intense artillery bombardment and frontal assaults by IJA 230th and 228th Regiment. The IJA forces descended from
4184:
3447:, which was being used as a dressing station and they proceeded to kill all those inside, however, four men survived. According to Captain Stanley Martin Banfill of the Royal Rifles, who witnessed his men being executed, the leading Japanese officer stated that "Order is all captives must die". The rest of the 2/229th were engaged by C Company, Royal Rifles who inflicted heavy casualties, but the Japanese were able to move past the Canadian while also inflicting heavy losses forcing C Company to withdraw leaving only A Company on Mt Parker. At 03:00 a platoon from D Company was sent to reinforce Mt Parker, but they became lost in the dark and only arrived at 07:30 to find over 100 Japanese on Mt Parker and A Company withdrawing and so Mt Parker was abandoned to the Japanese. In addition to East Brigade's infantry losses, the coastal batteries at
386:
373:
360:
4215:
3554:, Happy Valley and Mount Cameron down to Bennett's Hill on the south of the island. At midday the Japanese attacked Stanley Mound and Sugarloaf Hill defended by units of the Royal Rifles, after repulsing several attacks, low ammunition forced the defenders to withdraw. The Japanese began their assault on the southern flank of Mt Cameron inflicting severe losses on B Company, 2/14th Punjab, but the penetration was stopped by a counterattack by B Company, 4/7th Rajputs. In the north, after an intensive artillery bombardment, the Japanese broke through the defensive line south of Leighton Hill at 22:00, forcing the defenders to start abandoning their positions and retreat west to avoid encirclement.
4138:
3464:
sailors approaching from the south up
Repulse Bay Road were also ambushed. The 3/230th cleared out positions south and east of the headquarters despite fire from HKSRA artillery in Happy Valley. At 10:00 Lawson radioed that his headquarters were surrounded and that he was "going outside to shoot it out", he and his entire command group were then hit by Japanese machine gun fire from across the gap and Lawson died of blood loss the hill behind his bunker. By midday only elements of D Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers and British and Chinese engineers held positions above the West Brigade Headquarters, while Pillboxes PB 1 and PB 2 on the lower slopes of Jardine's Lookout continued to resist.
7294:
310:
4203:
289:
267:
3190:
observation post (OP). Pillbox 402 was destroyed by IJA sappers at 02:30 on the 10th and the rest of the 3/228th
Regiment joined the assault moving through the redoubt and into the valley, running into the 5/7th Rajputs who were moving to support the redoubt. The 5/7th Rajputs forced the Japanese back toward the redoubt. The Japanese eventually blew open the OP, capturing the 15 survivors. Artillery at Stonecutter's Island and Mount Davis pounded the redoubt until 05:00, but apart from one position which held out until the afternoon the redoubt was lost. The IJA had only lost a mere two soldiers in the attack.
3021:
150:
180:
220:
3479:
rest of 2/14th Punjab and the 2nd Royal Scots were to attack east from Middle Gap towards Wong Nei Chung Gap, but the Royal Scots were late and so the HQ Company moved along the front of Mt
Nicholson separately. D Company, 2nd Royal Scots and D Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers were then ordered to advance up Wong Nei Chung Gap Road but were hit by Japanese fire from Jardine's Lookout and were pinned down for the rest of the day. By 18:00 PB1 and PB2 were abandoned. At 22:00 a Japanese counterattack on Mt Butler was repulsed by A Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers.
398:
342:
330:
206:
3495:
off the eastern slopes of Mt
Nicholson. This lapse allowed Colonel Doi to order three companies of the 1/228th to occupy Mt Nicholson in the afternoon under cover of a rain storm. B Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers moved in two columns in the dark and rain around the north and south of Mt Nicholson, meeting up above the gap which was to be their starting point for the next day's attack. However, they were then engaged by the Japanese and all their officers and NCOs and 29 men became casualties and they retreated around the north of Mt Nicholson.
3013:
7300:
193:
10731:
3306:
3651:
4169:
245:
136:
121:
165:
4031:
2741:
4094:"for most conspicuous gallantry in carrying out hazardous work in a very brave manner". Despite numerous efforts by the Japanese to get him to renounce his allegiance to the British and assist them in spreading subversion amongst the Indian ranks held in Japanese POW camps (after the fall of the Colony), all efforts failed. Ansari was tortured and starved for over five months before being sentenced to death. He was executed by beheading on 20 October 1943.
3414:. By midnight all six IJA battalions were ashore but were held up on the beaches by barbed wire, fire from the 5/7th Rajputs and the general confusion of night operations. The Japanese eventually moved inshore overwhelming the Rajputs, bypassing or destroying the strong points as they generally headed towards the high ground. Maltby believing that the landing only comprised two battalions and was a diversion for a direct assault across the harbor on
300:
278:
256:
3747:
2809:, Jubilee Hill, Bokara, and Stanley, provided artillery support for ground operations until they were put out of action or they surrendered. Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery, which was raised with troops recruited from Undivided India, also suffered heavy casualties during the Battle of Hong Kong and are commemorated with names inscribed on panels at the entrance to Sai Wan War Cemetery: 144 killed, 45 missing and 103 wounded.
3823:
3602:
3393:
52:
3491:. By 17:45 elements of the HKSRA under Major, Edward De Vere were ordered to attack the police station. The attack was launched at 22:00 supported by two armoured cars. This attack was successful and the unit managed to recapture the police station, but only for a few hours until the Japanese captured the police station using reinforcements from Stanley Gap (the old name for the Tai Tam Reservoir Road.)
3483:
on Wong Nei Chung Gap, but they suffered heavy casualties before being stopped 300m short of the road, they then moved back along Black's Link and encountered approximately 500 unprepared
Japanese and proceeded to attack them. At 15:00, after exhausting their ammunition, A Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers on Mt Butler surrendered to the Japanese, however in a final exchange of fire Sergeant-major
3250:. D Company, 2nd Royal Scots counterattacked and regained the hill. At midday, Maltby having decided that the New Territories and Kowloon were untenable and that the defence of Hong Kong island was the priority, ordered the evacuation of all his forces. Demolition works were carried out and the 2nd Royal Scots and supporting forces withdrew south to Sham Shui Po Barracks and
2644:
populace for war. He highlighted the prejudiced attitudes held by those governing the Crown Colony of Hong Kong: "several of them (the
British rulers) said frankly that they would rather turn the island over to the Japanese rather than to turn it over to the Chinese, by which they meant rather than employ Chinese to defend the colony they would surrender it to the Japanese".
3991:
2824:
3439:
2/229th then captured Sai Wan
Battery killing six gunners from the HKVDC 5th Anti-Aircraft Battery and then proceeded to bayonet 20 prisoners, with only two surviving. The Royal Rifles attempted to retake the Victorian era Sai Wan Fort with two platoons but were unable to scale the walls and lost nine killed. A company from the 2/229th entered the
3528:
These tankettes were fired upon by a
British machine gun on Bridge Hill, and the tankettes retreated to Tai Tam Gap. Even with this success, by 17:00 all the officers in the Commonwealth counterattacking force had been wounded and the force withdrew toward Stanley. On the north shore elements of the 230th Regiment pushed west reaching
4156:
3427:. Radioing for assistance, Maltby sent an HKVDC armoured car and a platoon from the 1st Middlesex, but they were ambushed on the way and only nine men made it to the station. The Japanese then directed artillery fire on the station and the surviving defenders withdrew at 01:45 continuing to fight the Japanese on
3385:. On the 14th Japanese artillery destroyed a 3-inch gun at Mt Davis. On the 15th Japanese artillery moved to target pillboxes and other defensive positions along the shoreline. The Japanese mounted six air attacks on positions on the west of the island and bomb damage forced the abandonment of Pinewood Battery.
4137:
4115:
granted in 1959, featured the battlement design to commemorate the defence of Hong Kong during the Second World War. This Coat of Arms was in place until 1997, when it was replaced by the regional emblem. After the war, Lei Yue Mun Fort became a training ground for the
British Forces until 1987, when
4082:
for the gallantry they showed in resisting Japanese torture in the immediate aftermath of the battle. The men had been captured and were in the process of planning a mass escape by British forces. Their plan was discovered but they refused to disclose information under torture and were shot by firing
3864:
On 23 December 1941, British and Commonwealth soldiers from various units, led by Lt. Col. Robert MacPherson, attempted to surrender but were killed by Japanese soldiers of the No. 6 Company, 2nd Battalion of the 229th Infantry Regiment at the Ridge in Repulse Bay. At least 47 were killed and most of
3856:
Around thirty civilians of different ethnicities were massacred at No. 42 Blue Pool Road on 22 December. When the soldiers of the 230th Infantry Regiment entered Blue Pool Road from the south, they murdered civilians, including local businessmen Lam Ming-fan and three male relatives of his family, as
3852:
From 19 to 20 December 1941, surrendered British and Commonwealth soldiers from various units were kept in a small shed near the anti-aircraft gun battery without food, water, and medical assistance. They were hit by shells and some were killed as the result in Wong Nai Chung Gap. The Japanese troops
3280:
The 2/14th Punjab were to join the Rajputs on the Ma Yau Tong line, but during their march on the night of 11/12, December became split up, with one group reaching the Devil's Peak area while the other descended into Kai Tak and marched into Kowloon on the morning of the 12th, where they were engaged
3238:
On 10 December, the IJA 228th Regiment continued to move troops into the Shing Mun Redoubt while sending out small patrols along the rest of the line but otherwise failed to capitalize on their success. Maltby saw the loss of the redoubt as a disaster that undermined the entire defensive line and the
3184:
area of the Gin Drinker's Line which he found to be unprepared for an attack. Despite the area being outside of his regimental boundary he developed an attack plan and began moving his men into position. The redoubt was defended by A Company, 2nd Royal Scots supplemented by other units giving a total
2936:(a shore station). When the battle began, the Royal Marines fought against Japanese forces in Magazine Gap, alongside HKVDC and Royal Engineers. They also manned machine guns on Mount Cameron. Commanding officer, Major Giles RM instructed his men to defend the island "to the last man and last round".
2643:
US Consul Robert Ward, the highest ranking US official posted to Hong Kong in the period preceding the outbreak of hostilities, offered a first-hand explanation for the rapid collapse of defences in Hong Kong by saying that the local British community had insufficiently prepared itself or the Chinese
2639:
According to the history manual of the United States Military Academy: "Japanese control of Canton, Hainan Island, French Indo-China, and Formosa virtually sealed the fate of Hong Kong well before the firing of the first shot". The British military in Hong Kong grossly underestimated the capabilities
4047:
for the defence of Hong Kong. In his despatch, Major-General C. M. Maltby, wrote about the conduct of troops under his command in Hong Kong and mentions the 5/7 Rajput Regiment: "This battalion fought well on the mainland and their repulse of the enemy attack on Devil's Peak was entirely successful.
3844:
In the evening of 18â19 December 1941, surrendered gunners of the 5th Battery, Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC) and 5th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment at Sai Wan AA Battery were murdered by Japanese soldiers of No. 6 Company, the 2nd Battalion, 229th Infantry Regiment. In total 28 are killed,
3405:
under cover of artillery fire. As they approached the shore the boats were illuminated by searchlights and fired on by the 5/7th Rajputs. The boats scattered and both battalion commanders were wounded so Colonel Doi crossing with the second wave assumed command of the assault. At 21:40 the artillery
3400:
On 18 December the Japanese bombardment of the island shoreline increased and the oil storage tanks were hit. The IJA forces were organized into two assault units: the west assault unit comprised the 228th and 230th Regiments and would leave from the Kai Tak area, and the east assault unit comprised
3888:
On 23 December 1941, wounded soldiers from various units were bayoneted at Overbays by Japanese soldiers of the 3rd Battalion, 229th Infantry Regiment; the Japanese troops also set fire on the building. The Japanese executed at least fourteen captives, men of the same units as at The Ridge but also
3527:
and then engaged by infantry from 1/229th and 1/230th on Bridge Hill and Red Hill. By 1400 hours, the Commonwealth forces managed to capture the summit of Bridge Hill, the X roads and the summit of Red Hill. The Japanese quickly rushed reinforcements from Tai Tam Gap, such as two Type 94 Tankettes.
3494:
The new West Brigade commander Colonel H.B. Rose of the HKVDC developed a plan to retake the Gap using the 2nd Royal Scots and the Winnipeg Grenadiers. B Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers was brought from Pok Fu Lam in the afternoon but was unable to locate the 2nd Royal Scots who had inexplicably moved
3482:
At 02:00 on the 20th the Royal Scots attacked the police station at the top of Wong Nei Chung Gap, but were repulsed as was another attack an hour later. An attack on Jardine's Lookout by C Company, 2nd Royal Scots also failed. Maltby ordered the Headquarters Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers to advance
3296:
was scuttled in the harbour to prevent its use by the Japanese. On the night of the 12th the 5/7th Rajputs withdrew from Ma Yau Tong further down the Devil's Peak peninsula and at 04:00 on the 13th they began boarding boats to take them to Hong Kong island with the evacuation being completed by the
3498:
Elsewhere on the 20th, the 2nd and 3rd battalions, 229th Regiment had advanced down the Tytam Road and captured the X roads, Red Hill and Bridge Hill. They captured the 4.5-inch battery at Red Hill, which was abandoned the previous day. A handful of British civilians who were at the nearby pumping
3478:
At 13:30 Maltby issued Operation Order No. 6 for a general counterattack to commence at 15:00. A and D Companies, 2/14th Punjab was to attack east towards North Point to relieve the HKVDC still holding out there, however, the order never reached them. Headquarters Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers, the
3388:
On the morning of the 17th, the Japanese again offered terms of surrender which were rejected. That night a reconnaissance team from the IJA 3/229th Regiment successfully explored the Taikoo area. The IJA had moved its forces closer to Hong Kong Island with the 23rd Army headquarters at Tai Po and
3189:
and was in position just below one of the redoubt's pillboxes. At 23:00 the defenders detected movement and opened fire as the IJA began their attack. As the Japanese progressively overran the complex of trenches and tunnels, many of the defenders found themselves locked in the redoubt's artillery
3463:
and attacked the police station and Postbridge House at the summit of Wong Nei Chung Gap. By 07:00 the 3/230th closed in on the West Brigade headquarters, Maltby sent A Company, 2nd Royal Scots to reinforce them approaching Wong Nei Chung Gap Road, but only 15 men made it through while a group of
3438:
In the early hours of 19 December, the IJA 3/229th moved uphill towards Mt Parker, while the 2/229th moved southeast towards the Lyemun fortifications. The 2/229th engaged a platoon of the Royal Rifles sent to check on A Company of the Rajputs and then quickly overwhelmed the Fort's garrison. The
3156:
The first significant exchanges of fire were at 15:00 when the 2/14th Punjab engaged the IJA who had crossed into Laffan's Plain. 2/14th Punjab eliminated several IJA platoons at 18:30 just south of Tai Po and HKVDC armoured cars and Bren Gun Carriers also successfully engaged IJA forces. Despite
3458:
In the West Brigade area, Lawson sent three platoons from the Winnipeg Grenadiers forward to block the IJA advance from their landing sites, deploying one platoon on each of Jardine's Lookout and Mt Butler and one forward on Wong Nei Chung Gap Road. Meanwhile, the 3/230th was advancing along Sir
3848:
In the morning of 19 December 1941, Japanese soldiers of the 2nd Battalion or 3rd Battalion, 229th Infantry Regiment murdered medical personnel and wounded soldiers who were captured at Salesian Mission, which was used as an emergency hospital. The Japanese soldiers attempted to kill all male
3660:
The Japanese officially reported 675 men killed and 2,079 wounded; western estimates go as high as 1,895 dead and 6,000 casualties overall. Allied casualties were 1,111 men killed, 1,167 missing and 1,362 wounded (sources vary; other figures given include 1,045 killed, 1,068 missing and 2,300
3540:
while the 1/229th and 1/230th pushed the remnants of the East Brigade back into the Stanley peninsula. The East Brigade formed three defensive lines: the first line was composed of elements of the 1st Middlesex, three companies of the Royal Rifles and one company of the HKVDC supported by one
3522:
At 09:15 on the 21st Wallis launched a new attack into Tai Tam to try to reach Wong Nei Chung Gap, with D Company, Royal Rifles, No. 1 Company, HKVDC, a medium machine gun section and two Bren Gun Carriers advancing from Stanley Mound. They were soon hit by Japanese mortar fire from
4026:
forces. The Japanese razed several villages in reprisal; the guerillas fought until the end of the Japanese occupation. General Takashi Sakai, who led the invasion of Hong Kong and served as governor for some time, was tried as a war criminal and executed by a firing squad in 1946.
4063:, the "animals' Victoria Cross", in 2000 for his deeds in World War II, the first such award in over 50 years. He picked up a thrown Japanese hand grenade and rushed with it toward the enemy, dying in the ensuing explosion but saving the lives of several wounded Canadian soldiers.
2998:
under Captain RodĂŠric Egal, of the Free French in Shanghai who happened to be in Hong Kong when the battle broke out, fought alongside the HKVDC at the North Point power station. They were all World War I veterans (as were the local HKVDC) and acquitted themselves well.
3185:
strength of three officers and 39 soldiers. The defenders and the nearby D Company, 5/7th Rajputs conducted patrols north of the redoubt and around Needle Hill but failed to detect the two IJA battalions in the area or the 150-man attacking force which had crossed the
2647:
Colonel Reynolds Condon, a US Army assistant military attachĂŠ who witnessed the battle and was taken prisoner by the Japanese, wrote up his observations on military preparedness before the commencement of hostilities and on the execution of operations thereafter.
3418:
sent minimal reinforcements to block any IJA movement west towards Victoria and five HKVDC armored cars to protect the East Brigade headquarters. The 2/230th moved west towards Victoria but was stopped by an HKVDC, Free French and miscellaneous force in the
3569:, two of which were destroyed by a 2-pounder fire. The outer defensive line broke and No 2 Company HKVDC was forced back to Stanley Village with heavy losses. At midnight the Japanese penetrated the second defence line and entered the field hospital at
3134:
At 08:00 the Japanese bombed Kai Tak Airport. Two of the three Vildebeest and the two Walruses were destroyed by 12 Japanese bombers. The attack also destroyed several civil aircraft including all but two of the aircraft used by the air unit of the
3940:
From 25 to 28 December 1941, Japanese soldiers from various units (possibly include rear-area troops) looted and raped the civilians in Causeway Bay; they were sometimes stopped by Japanese Gendarmerie but there were not enough of them to stop the
3401:
the 229th Regiment (less 1/229th held as Divisional reserve) and would leave from the Devil's Peak area. The attack order was issued at 18:00 and at 20:00 the first wave from the 2/228th and 3/230th began paddling towards the Taikoo Dockyard and
2991:. It had the objective of co-ordinating Chinese war aims with the British in Hong Kong. Working with the British police, Chan organized pro-British agents among the population and rooted out triad factions that were sympathetic to the Japanese.
2764:
in November 1940. Indian troops were also incorporated within several overseas regiments as for example the Hong Kong Singapore Royal Artillery Regiment which had Indian (Sikh) gunners. The Hong Kong Mule Corps was staffed almost entirely by
2581:(Guangzhou) and Hong Kong was surrounded. British defence studies concluded that Hong Kong would be extremely hard to defend in the event of a Japanese attack, but in the mid-1930s work began on improvements to defences including along the
4048:
The full force of the enemy's initial attack on the island fell on this battalion and they fought gallantly until they had suffered heavy casualties (100% of British Officers and most senior Indian Officers being lost) and were run over".
3922:
In the evening of 24 December, Japanese soldiers of the 229th and 230th regiments stormed the Marynoll Mission position ; resistance continued until dawn. At least six officers and a number of other men were killed after capture at
3549:
were two HKVDC artillery batteries and two Royal Artillery batteries with two 18-pounder, two 3.7-inch and 9.2-inch and 6-inch coastal guns. On the north shore West Brigade forces struggled to hold the line from Causeway Bay, through
7143:
Philip Doddridge, Memories Uninvited â "A fascinating story of a young man who finds himself caught up in the horrific battle for Hong Kong and the years of captivity he lived through after the battle was over on December 25th,
3624:
By the afternoon of 25 December 1941, it was clear that further resistance would be futile and at 15:30 Governor Young and General Maltby surrendered in person to General Sakai at the Japanese headquarters on the third floor of the
3557:
At 08:00 on the 23rd the 5/7th Rajputs fell back leaving the 1st Middlesex units on Leighton Hill isolated and the Japanese bombarded them with mortar fire. Meanwhile, the remaining defenders on the north shore retreated west to
3535:
On the 22nd the 2/229th moved west from Shouson Hill and captured PB14 on the shore of Deepwater Bay from elements of the 1st Middlesex and then proceeded to behead all the prisoners. Two battalions of the 229th attacked the
3892:
Ride, who was present at the surrender, stated later that he saw fifty bodies lying by the road, including six Middlesex men among them. These men may have been some of those attached to the Hong Kong Chinese Regiment. The
3086:
since the beginning of December. The Japanese attack began at 06:00 when the IJA 230th, 229th and 228th Regiments (arranged from west to east) crossed the Sham Chun River. In the west the 230th Regiment advanced towards
3532:, while Japanese artillery bombarded HMS Tamar. Maltby ordered a further attack on Wong Nei Chung Gap by a force comprising four platoons, but when the commander saw the IJA forces in the area he cancelled the attack.
3817:
After the fall of the medical station near the West Brigade command post, ten stretcher bearers of the St. John Ambulance within the station were killed, as well as a policeman and a medic from the Royal Army Medical
2609:, and decided against sending more troops. In September 1941, they reversed their decision and argued that additional reinforcements would provide a military deterrent against the Japanese and reassure Chinese leader
4267:
Articles in the New York Times and the Chicago Daily of 15 December 1941, the pilots were Charles L. Sharp, Hugh L. Woods, Harold A. Sweet, William McDonald, Frank L. Higgs, Robert S. Angle, P. W. Kessler and S. E.
4183:
3733:. Initially, there were 2,400 internees although this number was reduced, by repatriations during the war. Interned persons who died and prisoners executed by the Japanese are buried in Stanley Military Cemetery.
3376:
On the morning of 13 December, a Japanese delegation crossed the harbour to offer terms of surrender, which were rejected. The Japanese then began an artillery bombardment of Hong Kong Island disabling one of the
3904:
On 23 December 1941, Canadian troops from A Company, Royal Rifles and troops from various units were murdered at Eucliff by soldiers of the 3rd Battalion, 229th Infantry Regiment after surrender. At least 7 were
6342:
3838:
Four men of A Company Winnipeg Grenadiers were bayoneted after the battle at Jardine's Lookout. One grenadier, Private Kilfoyle, was killed on the forced march to North Point, according to witnesses.
2624:
peninsula to allow the destruction of vital infrastructure and stores there. The Gin Drinker's Line was expected to hold out for at least three weeks, following which all defenders would withdraw to
2917:
The Royal Navy presence at Hong Kong was little more than a token display of defence, with three World War I vintage destroyers, four river gunboats, a new but almost unarmed minelayer and the 2nd
2963:
torpedo-reconnaissance bombers, flown and serviced by seven officers and 108 airmen. An earlier request for a fighter squadron had been rejected and the nearest fully operational RAF base was in
3565:
On the 24th the Royal Rifles were withdrawn to the defensive lines at Stanley. The IJA forces attacked down the Tai Tam Road but were repulsed. A second attack began at 21:00 supported by three
7415:
4014:
During the over three and a half years of occupation by the Japanese, an estimated 10,000 Hong Kong civilians were executed, while many others were tortured, raped, or mutilated. The
1953:
3609:
On Christmas morning, Young informed Chan of his intent to surrender. Chan intended to break out and was given command of the five remaining MTBs; 68 men, including Chan, Hsu, and
4214:
3965:
were raped and brutalized. At least one baby was killed during the process. The case, however, was not thoroughly investigated and the perpetuators were not identified and tried.
11548:
3475:
MTB 7 attacked three Japanese boats, sinking two and damaging others before being disabled by Japanese fire and towed out by MTB 2. MTB 9 damaged a further four Japanese boats.
3577:
tortured and killed a large number of injured soldiers, along with the medical staff. On the north shore the 230th Regiment advanced through Wanchai, meeting resistance at the
7095:
3511:
and were forced to retreat with their commander Colonel Kidd killed in the action. Further east the 1/229th and 2/228th advanced from Tai Tam and Sai Wan towards Stanley. HMS
3499:
station were blindfolded and bayonetted at the beach in front of the pumping station. Meanwhile, the Japanese in the area south of Tai Tam Reservoir and into the hills above
867:
3865:
the killed prisoners of war were wounded soldiers. Among the dead was Major Charles Sydney Clarke of China Command HQ, two men of the 12th and 20th Coastal Regiments of the
6727:
3934:, murdering the medical personnel and the wounded soldiers. Nurses were raped and then murdered. This was the largest-scale war crime against the garrison during the battle.
3239:
2nd Royal Scots were ordered to counterattack at dawn on the 11th, but their commander Lieutenant Colonel S. White refused on the basis that it had no chance of success.
9302:
7460:
2870:
to the regimental medical officers), two Canadian Dental Corps officers with assistants, three chaplains and a detachment of the Canadian Postal Corps. A soldier of the
518:
9047:
5983:
8655:
10653:
8671:
4015:
3629:. At Stanley, Wallis refused to surrender without a written order and this was received by him at 02:30 on the 26th. Isolated pockets held out even longer, and the
3455:
were abandoned, while several of 965 Battery's guns were destroyed in error or left to the Japanese. Wallis withdrew his headquarters from Tai Tam Gap to Stanley.
8991:
7078:
8594:
8566:
7710:
3545:
comprised two companies of the 1st Middlesex, a company of the HKVDC and the Stanley company of the HKVDC supported by two 18-pounder and 2-pounder guns; and at
2897:
mortars or for signal pistols. These were intended to be supplied after they arrived in Hong Kong. Nor did C Force receive its vehicles, as the US merchant ship
10632:
9311:
8998:
8132:
1845:
759:
9614:
8977:
8286:
7911:
3722:
Of the Canadians captured during the battle, 267 subsequently perished in Japanese prisoner of war camps, mainly due to neglect and abuse. In December 2011,
2303:
1946:
4162:
Memorial plaque dedicated to all the defenders of Hong Kong in December 1941 through John Robert Osborn and to commemorate the British Garrison at Hong Kong
8627:
8573:
7759:
3913:
2889:. Few Canadian soldiers had field experience, but were nearly fully equipped. However, the battalions had only two anti-tank rifles, and no ammunition for
11009:
9084:
8580:
8196:
3618:
3361:. The East Brigade comprised the 5/7th Rajputs holding pillboxes along the northeast shoreline with a company and their headquarters in the hills behind
1760:
5416:
7606:
3726:, Japan's parliamentary vice-minister for foreign affairs, apologised for the mistreatment to a group of Canadian veterans of the Battle of Hong Kong.
2105:
2038:
1392:
860:
11543:
11538:
8970:
8417:
8293:
3542:
3180:
and the 2/14th Punjab held at Tide Cove. By 13:00 the IJA 228th Regiment had reached Needle Hill and its commander Colonel Doi was reconnoitring the
1432:
2847:) and a brigade headquarters (1,975 personnel) to reinforce the Hong Kong garrison. "C Force", as it was known, arrived on 16 November on board the
11553:
8270:
7650:
4941:
4008:
3581:
but this was soon overcome and the regiment advanced on the dockyard. In Happy Valley, the remnants of the 5/7th Rajputs were pushed back from the
2866:. A total of 96 officers, two Auxiliary Services supervisors and 1,877 other ranks disembarked. Included were two medical officers and two nurses (
1939:
11004:
8707:
8019:
4202:
3703:
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barrage moved to targets further inshore and at 21:45 the 3/230th landed at North Point, followed by the 2/228th. At 21:38 the 2/229th landed at
2777:
tended to those injured in combat. Ex-servicemen from India serving as security guards in Hong Kong also suffered "appallingly huge" casualties.
511:
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Maltby organized the defence of the island, splitting it between an East Brigade and a West Brigade. The West Brigade commanded by Brigadier
853:
9033:
6049:
4019:
3927:. Four members of the 8th Coastal Regiment RA may have been killed here as well; estimates of the number of men murdered vary from 11 to 16.
3841:
Four men were killed in the so-called "Black Hole of Hong Kong", a mess hut at the Wongneichong AA Battery, including two Canadian officers.
11383:
9411:
9267:
9251:
9223:
8471:
7678:
6718:
3715:
3321:, a strategic passage between the north and south of the island. The West Brigade comprised the 2/14th Punjab covering the shoreline from
10989:
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9235:
9147:
9091:
9054:
8336:
1828:
1320:
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wounded, as well as 1,560 killed or missing). Allied dead, including British, Canadian and Indian soldiers, were eventually interred at
3273:
and were engaged by guns of Jubilee Battery and Aberdeen Battery. That afternoon the Japanese attempted a landing near Aberdeen Island (
10784:
9140:
7872:
7258:
6031:
4004:
became the first Japanese governor of Hong Kong. This ushered in the three years and eight months of Imperial Japanese administration.
2257:
2185:
1677:
1527:
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504:
6427:
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9274:
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3211:, several gunboats and a flotilla of MTBs remained. Between 8 and 10 December, eight American plus a number of Chinese pilots of the
1821:
947:
10495:
8314:
8088:
7851:
7717:
7528:
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From 8â9 December 1941, Japanese soldiers from various units passed through the Fanling Orphanage and looted the place; nurses and
3857:
well a number of Ministry of Finance officials of the Nationalist Chinese government who took refuge in the houses along the road.
2531:
2296:
2269:
1716:
1641:
1568:
3637:
had surrendered to an invading force. The garrison had held out for 17 days. This day is known in Hong Kong as "Black Christmas".
3329:
was dispersed across 72 pillboxes along the island shoreline; the 2nd Royal Scots reinforced by the HKVDC were held in reserve at
11137:
11019:
9390:
9187:
8224:
7724:
7636:
7572:
6360:
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and then moved east in pairs into Hong Kong Harbour to attack boats transporting IJA soldiers across the harbour. As they neared
2640:
of the Japanese forces and downplayed assessments that the Japanese posed a serious threat as 'unpatriotic' and 'insubordinate'.
2399:
6855:
Roland, Charles G. (26 July 2016). "Massacre and Rape in Hong Kong: Two Case Studies Involving Medical Personnel and Patients".
3810:
Three captured persons were executed at Quarry Bay, including a female air raid warden named Ada Baldwin who was with the local
3562:. With the main water reservoirs now controlled by the IJA and with artillery damage to pipes, water supplies began to run out.
11284:
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9593:
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4839:"The Indian Army in Africa and Asia, 1940-42: Implications for the Planning and Execution of Two Nearly-Simultaneous Campaigns"
4437:
4147:. Also visible is the Battle of Hong Kong memorial plaque dedicated to all the defenders of Hong Kong in December 1941 through
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6804:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I (Naval & Military Press ed.). London:
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1373:
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3507:. Maltby sent A Company, 2/14th Punjab to support the forces in Repulse Bay, but they were engaged by a Japanese force on
3503:
where they encountered a company from the Royal Rifles and two HKVDC platoons preparing to attack Wong Hei Chung Gap from
10337:
9801:
9133:
9119:
8332:
7445:
7124:""The detailed story of the actual battle and a tribute to Major Maurice A. Parker, CO "D" Coy, Royal Rifles of Canada.""
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3378:
3212:
2657:
2455:
1833:
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4920:. Uckfield: Naval and Military Press in association with Firepower, the Royal Artillery Museum. pp. 258, 259, 261.
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was established during the same month, and was the main Japanese military unit in Hong Kong throughout the occupation.
3894:
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1983:
1493:
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697:
6598:. Japanese Monograph. IV 17807.71-2. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army.
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where they contacted Nationalist guerrillas and were escorted to Huizhou. For this feat, Chan was made an honorary
3325:
to Belcher's Point; the Winnipeg Grenadiers defended the southwest corner of the island and Lawson's headquarters;
2590:
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2043:
1418:
687:
101:
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4845:. School of Advanced Military Studies, US Army Command and General Staff College, FORT LEAVENWORTH. Archived from
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in Hong Kong were: British 5,072, Canadian 1,689, Indian 3,829, others 357, a total of 10,947. They were sent to:
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In the evening of 24 December 1941, soldiers of the 1st Battalion, 229th Regiment stormed the field hospital of
2601:
argued that limited reinforcements could allow the garrison to delay a Japanese attack, gaining time elsewhere.
2460:
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11132:
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8940:
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One private (John Payne) and an Australian was captured by the Japanese in Kowloon on 12 December and executed.
3768:
2389:
2057:
2018:
1670:
1660:
1170:
898:
20:
3919:
Another 36 known victims cannot be placed precisely at one of the three locations (Ridge, Overbays, Eucliffe).
11259:
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10984:
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8678:
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3882:
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2831:
In late 1941, the British government accepted an offer by the Canadian Government to send a battalion of the
2353:
2335:
1860:
1585:
1196:
1135:
981:
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779:
642:
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Official Report of the Debates of The House of Commons of The Dominion Of Canada (Volume 2) 1942 (page 1168)
3800:
An estimated 10,000 Hong Kong civilians were executed, while many others were tortured, raped, or mutilated.
3172:
On 9 December the 2nd Royal Scots held in the west, a reserve company of the 5/7th Rajputs moved forward to
2761:
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7902:
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was informed. At 05:00 the engineers detonated their charges destroying bridges on likely invasion routes.
2421:
2221:
2170:
1900:
1610:
1515:
1466:
1365:
4168:
4018:, a mix of Hakka, Cantonese and other Han Chinese groups, waged a guerrilla war with limited success. The
3204:
were ordered to leave Hong Kong for Singapore, successfully evading the IJN blockade. Only one destroyer,
2450:
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10706:
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3633:(known as "Little Hong Kong") surrendered on 27 December. This was the first occasion on which a British
3590:
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2382:
2325:
1765:
1204:
998:
824:
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responsible for this probably came from the 230th and 229th regiments. In total at least 16 were killed.
11279:
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10994:
10964:
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10504:
10000:
9919:
9864:
9752:
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9358:
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7745:
7556:
7486:
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7267:
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by the IJA 3/320th Regiment which had infiltrated into the area. The Punjabis fought their way down to
3259:
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1684:
1655:
1539:
976:
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714:
692:
5984:"A Scarce Far East "Prisoner-of-War" B. E. M. Group of Five Awarded to Company Havildar-Major Amir A."
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smothered a Japanese grenade with his body, an action for which he was later posthumously awarded the
2445:
528:
11443:
11398:
11338:
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11269:
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10969:
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9773:
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it was vacated. In view of its historical significance and unique architectural features, the former
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6730:. Vol. I (2nd rev. online ed.). Ottawa: By Authority of the Minister of National Defence.
5495:
3223:(Chungking), the wartime capital of the Republic of China. The crew evacuated 275 people, including
2757:
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10974:
10145:
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9374:
9175:
9168:
8832:
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6202:
4175:
4104:
3870:
3136:
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2802:
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around the same time that Japan declared war on Great Britain. The Hong Kong garrison consisted of
2247:
2062:
1920:
1701:
1561:
1221:
878:
814:
774:
8189:
8166:
4111:
commemorates the defence as well as war-dead from the First World War. The shield in the colonial
2050:
11490:
11485:
11211:
11147:
11082:
11042:
10567:
10511:
10381:
10241:
9926:
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2827:
Three weeks before the battle, a Canadian military contingent arrived to reinforce the garrison
2806:
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Of the three territories of Hong Kong, the defenders abandoned the two mainland territories of
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6203:"Hong Kong's War Crimes Trial Collections Case No. WO235/1030 Major General Tanaka Ryosaburo"
3937:
Twelve nurses were raped at the emergency hospital at Happy Valley racecourse on 25 December.
3861:, a prominent businessman and philanthropist who was at the same spot, survived the massacre.
3680:
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3150:
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which would be defended and use of the harbour denied until reinforcements could arrive from
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1905:
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in the east. In front of them was a thin screen of 2/14th Punjab infantry supported by four
1931:
11408:
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11241:
11216:
11185:
10949:
10819:
10804:
10574:
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1850:
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1379:
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1313:
1103:
1084:
799:
550:
249:
2823:
8:
11343:
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11047:
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10300:
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8722:
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3415:
3266:. The guns on Stonecutter's Island were destroyed and the base was abandoned that night.
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2003:
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The plan for the defence of Hong Kong was that a delaying action would be fought in the
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In 1941, Hawaii was a half-hour different from the majority of other time zones. See
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3215:(CNAC) and their crews flew 16 sorties between Kai Tak Airport and landing fields in
3181:
3060:(which happened at 07:49 Hawaii Time or 02:19 Hong Kong Time the next day because of
2602:
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4514:"Defeat still cries aloud for explanation: Explaining C Force dispatch to Hong Kong"
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3369:; the Royal Rifles of Canada defended the island's northeast all the way around to
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List of Internment Camps in Hong Kong during the Japanese Occupation (1941 â 1945)
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Report No. 163 Canadian Participation in the Defence of Hong Kong, December, 1941
7073:
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Long Night's Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941â1945
6225:"Hong Kong's War Crimes Trial Collections Case No. WO235/1107 Lt. Gen. Ito Takeo"
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in 1921, a threat that increased throughout the 1930s with the escalation of the
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1711:
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225:
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5107:"[Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps] Jean-Baptiste Ătienne RodĂŠric Ăgal"
3650:
3305:
3169:. Late that night all units were ordered to withdraw to the Gin Drinker's Line.
3161:
in the afternoon to avoid being outflanked and the IJA forces advanced down the
10625:
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141:
126:
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More to the Story: A Reappraisal of U.S. Intelligence Prior to the Pacific War
2885:, prior to posting to Hong Kong. The Winnipeg Grenadiers had been deployed to
11522:
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Race war : white supremacy and the Japanese attack on the British Empire
6251:
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Military Mission to Hong Kong, initiated in 1938, was headed by Rear Admiral
2670:
Strengths of all personnel mobilised at Hong Kong Garrison on 8 December 1941
908:
364:
293:
57:
7113:
6668:
6311:
6111:
3672:
At the end of February 1942, the Japanese government stated that numbers of
3373:; and two companies of the HKVDC were located at Tai Tam and Pottinger Gap.
2083:
10735:
10539:
8839:
8744:
8375:
7738:
7502:
6831:
4777:"Operations in the Far East, From 17th December 1940 to 27th December 1941"
4744:"Operations in the Far East, From 17th December 1940 to 27th December 1941"
4699:"Operations in the Far East, From 17th December 1940 to 27th December 1941"
4666:"Operations in the Far East, From 17th December 1940 to 27th December 1941"
4633:"Operations in the Far East, From 17th December 1940 to 27th December 1941"
4600:"Operations in the Far East, From 17th December 1940 to 27th December 1941"
4567:"Operations in the Far East, From 17th December 1940 to 27th December 1941"
4483:
4300:"Operations in the Far East, From 17th December 1940 to 27th December 1941"
4091:
4079:
4060:
4052:
3889:
including three Royal Rifles of Canada and an officer of the 1st Middlesex.
3849:
prisoners of wars and released two female nurses. In total 16 were killed.
3634:
3586:
3546:
3508:
3444:
3322:
3270:
3139:. The RAF and air unit personnel from then fought on as ground troops. The
2523:
2511:
2116:
1977:
1785:
1780:
1694:
845:
789:
445:
43:
6907:"(Associated Press) Japan Apologizes to Canadian POWs from H. K. Battle".
6147:
5475:
11495:
10374:
10360:
10022:
8698:
8519:
8504:
7858:
7117:
7003:
Fortnight of Infamy: The Collapse of Allied Airpower West of Pearl Harbor
6909:
5267:
4916:
Nicholson, K. W. Maurice-Jones ; with a foreword by Cameron (1957).
4144:
4030:
3559:
3500:
3472:
3411:
3350:
3274:
3255:
3228:
3162:
3158:
3128:
3116:
3100:
3096:
3065:
3045:
3029:
2995:
2949:
2794:
2790:
2740:
2633:
2507:
2240:
2158:
2072:
1471:
1442:
754:
211:
170:
39:
6299:
3901:
went missing near The Ridge on 20 December, perhaps captured and killed.
11505:
9729:
9482:
9461:
8354:
7687:
7615:
7416:
Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire
6762:(online, Pen & Sword, Barnsley ed.). Havertown, PA: Casemate.
5154:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 65, 75, 80, 81, 137.
4143:
Statue of an anonymous World War I soldier from statuary collection of
3771: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3382:
3286:
3232:
2964:
2851:
2148:
2138:
7114:
Battle of Hong Kong Background and Battlefield Tour Points of Interest
6884:
5278:
11433:
10793:
9992:
9397:
9194:
9005:
8803:
8758:
6530:
Reluctant Heroes: Rickshaw Pullers in Hong Kong and Canton, 1874â1954
6159:
5593:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 88, 100, 105, 114.
3334:
3220:
3124:
3108:
3088:
2988:
2984:
2848:
2629:
2578:
1894:
346:
334:
8279:
6171:
5344:
5333:
4433:
The War With Japan, Parts 1, 2, And 3 (December 1941 To August 1945)
4220:
Shrine to the war dead in the memorial garden at Hong Kong City Hall
3746:
2557:
within a week. Less than two weeks later, with their last territory
8263:
7991:
7108:
6239:
5256:
4007:
The 38th Infantry Division departed Hong Kong in January 1942. The
3916:(Lyon Light). Most of them were killed after capture via beheading.
3822:
3614:
3366:
3216:
2901:
carrying them was, at the outbreak of the Pacific War, diverted to
2844:
7127:
6984:
We Shall Suffer There: Hong Kong's Defenders Imprisoned, 1942â1945
6620:
Ruins of War A Guide to Hong Kong's Battlefields and Wartime Sites
5568:. Scarborough, Ont: Doubleday Canada. pp. 99, 151, 152, 168.
5322:
5311:
5289:
3601:
3392:
2569:
Britain first thought of Japan as a threat with the ending of the
51:
7066:
7022:
The Fall of Hong Kong: Britain, China and the Japanese Occupation
6394:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 195, 231, 314.
4861:
4818:
3407:
3330:
3166:
2886:
2818:
2621:
2550:
424:
6494:. Critical Issues in History. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
6392:
Dispersal and Renewal: Hong Kong University during the War Years
3246:
and was engaged by the 5/7th Rajputs supported by fire from HMS
16:
One of the first battles of the Pacific campaign of World War II
11413:
8873:
7471:
7216:
Imperial Japanese surprise attacks and battles of December 1941
7062:
Official report by Major-General C. M. Maltby, G.O.C. Hong Kong
5661:
5659:
3177:
3140:
3049:
2902:
2836:
2766:
185:
6323:
4131:
commemorates those who died in Hong Kong during World War II.
4034:
Japanese war criminals captured by British forces in Hong Kong
3990:
3605:
The surrender of British forces in Hong Kong, 25 December 1941
1410:
9061:
6728:
Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War
5443:
India's War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia
3120:
1961:
10762:
6720:
Six Year of War: The Army in Canada, Britain and the Pacific
6511:
Eastern Fortress: A Military History of Hong Kong, 1840â1970
5761:
5656:
5062:
5060:
11500:
11470:
6805:
3519:
was hit by Japanese bombers and sank in the Lamma Channel.
2760:
took up garrison at Hong Kong in June 1937 followed by the
6077:
6075:
6073:
4120:
decided in 1993 to conserve and develop the fort into the
2780:
6935:"The Battle of Hong Kong 1941: A Spatial History Project"
6779:
Turbans and Traders : Hong Kong's Indian Communities
5901:
5749:
5533:
5129:"The WWII sacrifice of 'Free French' defending Hong Kong"
5057:
4995:
3885:(RCOC) and fourteen men of the RASC Company of the HKVDC.
6464:
Not the Slightest Chance: The Defence of Hong Kong, 1941
5865:
5863:
5812:
5800:
5778:
5776:
5725:
5701:
5632:
5545:
5509:
5361:
5238:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5195:
5173:
5171:
5077:
5075:
4349:
3149:
was dive-bombed and destroyed. The Japanese also bombed
7047:
The Battle of Hong Kong 1941: A Spatial History Project
6592:
Army Operations in China, December 1941 â December 1943
6287:
6087:
6070:
5925:
5836:
5788:
5671:
5521:
5385:
4535:
11549:
Battles and operations of World War II involving India
8133:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
7109:
Hong Kong War Diary â Current research into the Battle
7051:
6263:
6183:
6135:
6013:
6001:
5875:
5713:
5644:
5591:
The Battle for Hong Kong 1941â1945: Hostage to Fortune
5373:
5152:
The battle for Hong Kong 1941â1945: Hostage to Fortune
2874:(RCAMC), had stowed away and was sent back to Canada.
7079:
The Defence of Hong Kong: December 1941 by Terry Copp
6955:"Hong Kong's War Crimes Trials Collection: Libraries"
6939:
Hong Kong Baptist University Library, History in Data
6408:
5946:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch
5913:
5860:
5848:
5824:
5773:
5737:
5397:
5349:
5219:
5207:
5168:
5087:
5072:
5039:"The Capture of Hong Kong in 1941 â The Naval Battle"
5019:
5007:
4983:
4971:
4412:
4402:
4400:
3028:
Defending the New Territories was the 2nd Battalion,
2613:
that Britain was serious about defending the colony.
7052:
Hong Kong Veterans Commemorative Association, Canada
5964:
4373:
4337:
3242:
At dawn on the 11th the IJA 228th Regiment attacked
3157:
these successes, the 2/14th Punjab withdrew towards
4897:
4885:
4873:
4385:
3619:
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
3269:Also on the morning of the 11th, the IJA landed on
6699:. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
6661:Eastern Epic: September 1939 â March 1943, Defence
6639:Hong Kong 1941â45: First Strike in the Pacific War
4918:The history of coast artillery in the British Army
4397:
4361:
4043:Battalions from both Indian Army regiments earned
3099:. In the center, the 229th Regiment advanced from
526:
6390:Cheung, Oswald (1998). Matthews, Clifford (ed.).
5470:. Hong Kong. pp. 7, 25, 27, 28, 33, 36, 83.
4547:
3845:some may have died in the fight for the position.
3736:
3082:Japanese forces had been assembling north of the
11520:
6058:
4436:. United States Military Academy. 1951. p.
4258:, the Director of Medical Services in Hong Kong.
3908:Six men of the Middlesex were killed defending
2585:. By 1940, the British determined to reduce the
6532:(illus. ed.). Hong Kong University Press.
4955:G.D.Johnson (1984). "The Battle of Hong Kong".
2589:to only a symbolic size. Air Chief Marshal Sir
6795:
6508:
6329:
5691:"Battle of Hong Kong 8 Dec 1941 â 25 Dec 1941"
5417:"The Battle of Hong Kong: Eyewitness Accounts"
4867:
4824:
3007:
2785:Coastal defence batteries, including those at
10778:
7487:
7461:Invasion of Shanghai International Settlement
7201:
5588:
5149:
4959:(46). Battle of Briton Prints: 2, 3, 19, 20.
4016:local population in the rural New Territories
3115:. In the east, the 228th Regiment crossed at
2971:, nearly 2,250 km (1,400 mi) away.
2113:
2099:
1947:
1426:
861:
512:
6802:The War Against Japan: The Loss of Singapore
6663:. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus.
5944:"Recollections of the Battle of Hong Kong".
4940:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3515:which had been providing gunfire support in
3333:Gap; and the HKVDC had companies located at
3068:announced that war was imminent and General
2605:and the general staff named Hong Kong as an
2542:units, also the Auxiliary Defence Units and
875:
7005:. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press.
4954:
3277:) but were driven off by machine gun fire.
2944:The Royal Air Force station at Hong Kong's
2577:. On 21 October 1938 the Japanese occupied
146:
10785:
10771:
7494:
7480:
7208:
7194:
6832:"The Fall of Hong Kong: The Condon Report"
4208:The memorial garden at Hong Kong City Hall
3381:on Mt Davis and hitting Belcher's Fort in
3353:. The East Brigade commanded by Brigadier
3254:pier, while the 5/7th Rajputs withdrew to
2812:
2106:
2092:
1954:
1940:
1433:
1419:
868:
854:
519:
505:
6986:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
6796:Woodburn Kirby, S.; et al. (2004) .
6675:
6655:
6551:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
6513:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
6466:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
5907:
5677:
5589:Lindsay, Oliver; Harris, John R. (2005).
5150:Lindsay, Oliver; Harris, John R. (2005).
4915:
4484:"The Defence of Hong Kong: December 1941"
3787:Learn how and when to remove this message
2662:
11544:Battles of World War II involving Canada
11539:Military of Hong Kong under British rule
7024:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
6617:
6588:
5881:
5719:
5650:
5566:Desperate Siege: The Battle of Hong Kong
5563:
5527:
5440:
5391:
5379:
4355:
4189:Commemorative plaque at the entrance to
4029:
3989:
3969:
3897:report also states that five men of the
3821:
3649:
3600:
3391:
3304:
3019:
3011:
2929:There were 40 Royal Marines attached to
2877:The Royal Rifles had served only in the
2822:
2739:
2498:(8â25 December 1941), also known as the
2058:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931â1936)
1999:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894â1895)
11554:Battles of World War II involving Japan
11138:Special administrative regions of China
7105:(Archived version as of 24 August 2006)
7057:Hong Kong Category WW2 People's War BBC
6636:
6574:. New York: New York University Press.
6489:
6081:
5931:
5869:
5854:
5830:
5818:
5806:
5794:
5782:
5767:
5755:
5743:
5731:
5707:
5638:
5551:
5539:
5515:
5501:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5403:
5367:
5355:
5244:
5232:
5213:
5201:
5177:
5093:
5081:
5066:
5025:
4790:(20 January 1948): 573. 22 January 1948
4757:(20 January 1948): 573. 22 January 1948
4712:(20 January 1948): 573. 22 January 1948
4679:(20 January 1948): 573. 22 January 1948
4646:(20 January 1948): 573. 22 January 1948
4613:(20 January 1948): 573. 22 January 1948
4580:(20 January 1948): 573. 22 January 1948
4418:
4313:(20 January 1948): 573. 22 January 1948
3044:and two armoured cars and engineers at
2909:, at the request of the US Government.
2781:Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery
189:
161:
11521:
9341:
9319:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
7400:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse
7000:
6981:
6952:
6854:
6757:
6713:
6694:
6637:Lai, Benjamin; Rava, Giuseppe (2014).
6546:
6509:Chi Man, Kwong; Yiu Lun, Tsoi (2014).
6461:
6414:
6389:
6293:
6269:
6189:
6141:
6093:
6019:
6007:
5842:
5665:
5445:. New York: Basic Books. p. 234.
5109:. Hong Kong Baptist University Library
5013:
5001:
4989:
4977:
4808:
4451:Stobie, James R. (13 September 2012).
4450:
4406:
4379:
4343:
4090:of the 5/7th Rajput's was awarded the
3694:primarily for Canadians and Royal Navy
3024:Japanese artillery firing at Hong Kong
2506:, was one of the first battles of the
10766:
10190:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
9622:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
9268:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
9224:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
8329:Rape during the occupation of Germany
7475:
7189:
6932:
6829:
6776:
6618:Ko, Tim Keung; Wordie, Jason (1996).
6565:
6480:
6317:
6305:
6281:
6257:
6245:
6177:
6165:
6153:
6129:
6117:
6105:
5970:
5919:
5887:
5683:
5043:Naval Historical Society of Australia
4903:
4891:
4879:
4553:
4541:
4481:
4367:
4244:Commander British Forces in Hong Kong
3804:
3309:Map of the battle of Hong Kong Island
2087:
1935:
1414:
849:
500:
9312:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
8344:Rape during the liberation of France
7019:
6760:Awards of the George Cross 1940â2009
6527:
6434:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission
5465:
4836:
4391:
3769:adding citations to reliable sources
3740:
3596:
7446:List of shipwrecks in December 1941
4122:Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence
3435:until all were killed or captured.
3317:had its headquarters at the top of
3300:
3213:China National Aviation Corporation
2658:Battle of Hong Kong order of battle
2561:untenable, the colony surrendered.
19:For the Japanese film in 1942, see
13:
9538:German invasion of the Netherlands
7818:Weather events during World War II
7347:Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf
6974:
6906:
6549:The Battle for Hong Kong 1941â1945
6349:. Official Indian Army Web Portal.
6284:, War Crime-St. Stephen's College.
6064:
3955:
3895:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
3541:2-pounder gun; the second line at
2987:and his aide Lieutenant Commander
2939:
2651:
14:
11565:
10169:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
7327:Japanese invasion of Batan Island
7040:
3875:Royal Canadian Army Service Corps
3396:Japanese artillery in North Point
3231:and the Chinese Finance Minister
3137:Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps
2872:Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps
2762:2/14th Battalion, Punjab Regiment
2710:Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps
2544:Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps
10729:
7501:
7426:Philippines campaign (1941â1942)
7298:
7292:
7254:Shelling of Johnston and Palmyra
6420:
6383:
6353:
6335:
6217:
6195:
6036:
6025:
5976:
5937:
4213:
4201:
4182:
4167:
4155:
4136:
4098:
3994:Dongjiang guerillas fighting in
3976:Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
3745:
3631:Central Ordnance Munitions Depot
3467:At 08:45 six MTBs assembled off
3389:the 38th Division near Kai Tak.
2952:) had only five aeroplanes: two
2924:
2758:5/7th Battalion, Rajput Regiment
2039:German Pacific possesions (1914)
396:
384:
371:
358:
340:
328:
308:
298:
287:
276:
265:
254:
243:
218:
204:
191:
178:
163:
148:
134:
119:
102:Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
50:
10838:Bao'an County and Xin'an County
6913:. 10 December 2011. p. 2.
6857:Journal of Contemporary History
6589:Ishiwari, HeizĹ (31 May 1956).
6449:
6132:, War Crime-Wong Nai Chung Gap.
6108:, War Crime-Sai Wan AA Battery.
5895:"Hong Kong's "Black Christmas""
5607:
5582:
5557:
5459:
5434:
5409:
5338:
5327:
5316:
5305:
5294:
5283:
5272:
5261:
5250:
5183:
5143:
5121:
5099:
5031:
4948:
4909:
4830:
4769:
4736:
4724:
4691:
4658:
4625:
4592:
4559:
4523:. 11 number 4 (Autumn 2011): 46
4506:
4475:
4444:
4424:
4261:
3756:needs additional citations for
3729:Civilians were interned at the
3613:were successfully evacuated to
3056:), roughly 2.5 hours after the
3052:. At 04:45 on 8 December 1941 (
2974:
2014:Manchuria and Korea (1904â1905)
1440:
11133:Sino-British Joint Declaration
10970:Country parks and conservation
10416:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
8126:Territorial changes of Germany
8034:Indonesian National Revolution
7436:Battle of Changsha (1941â1942)
7337:Japanese invasion of Lamon Bay
7317:Attack on Clark and Iba Fields
6622:. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co.
6492:A Concise History of Hong Kong
6260:, War Crime-Maryknoll Mission.
4325:
4292:
4281:
4248:
4232:
4022:were known as the Gangjiu and
3737:Massacres and other war crimes
3575:St. Stephen's College massacre
2735:
893:1931â1937 (pre-war skirmishes)
21:The Battle of Hong Kong (film)
1:
10792:
9816:Japanese invasion of Thailand
9767:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
9531:German invasion of Luxembourg
7912:Mediterranean and Middle East
7278:Battle of Prachuap Khiri Khan
7274:Japanese invasion of Thailand
7150:Hong Kong's defences in 2019.
6680:. Bloomington, IN: Trafford.
6428:"Captain Mateen Ahmed Ansari"
6320:, War Crime-Fanling Orphange.
6120:, War Crime-Salesian Mission.
3883:Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps
3877:(RCASC), nineteen men of the
3645:
3297:morning of 13 December 1941.
2912:
2773:. Medical personnel from the
2564:
2514:. On the same morning as the
2304:Mediterranean and Middle East
725:Qantas Short Empire shootdown
459:1,560â2,278 killed or missing
9723:Invasion of the Soviet Union
9412:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
8730:Independent State of Croatia
7342:Japanese invasion of Legazpi
7103: PDF (299 KB)
6758:Turner, John Frayn (2010) .
6485:. London: Anthony Blond Ltd.
4275:
3640:
2746:9.2-inch naval artillery gun
2285:Manchuria and Northern Korea
1887:Manchuria and Northern Korea
750:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
7:
10707:End of World War II in Asia
10547:Western invasion of Germany
10054:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
10031:Second Battle of El Alamein
9601:Hundred Regiments Offensive
9573:Battle of the Mediterranean
9426:Italian invasion of Albania
7600:Air warfare of World War II
7395:Bombing of Singapore (1941)
7322:Japanese invasion of Aparri
7259:Invasion of Gilbert Islands
7249:First Bombardment of Midway
6959:The University of Hong Kong
6781:. Oxford University Press.
6777:White, Barbara-Sue (1994).
6695:Roland, Charles G. (2001).
6156:, War Crime-Blue Pool Road.
3986:Hong Kong Volunteer Company
3008:New Territories and Kowloon
2752:Battery on Hong Kong Island
1685:Dutch East Indies (1941â42)
1642:Strategic bombing (1944â45)
1321:North Burma and West Yunnan
10:
11570:
10633:Naval bombardment of Japan
10001:First Battle of El Alamein
9920:Battle of Christmas Island
9865:Japanese invasion of Burma
9629:Italian invasion of Greece
9545:German invasion of Belgium
9517:German invasion of Denmark
9490:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
9359:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
7623:Comparative military ranks
7441:Dutch East Indies campaign
7352:Japanese invasion of Vigan
7332:Japanese invasion of Davao
6869:10.1177/002200949703200104
6330:Chi Man & Yiu Lun 2014
6043:Antiquities Advisory Board
5441:Raghavan, Srinath (2016).
4868:Chi Man & Yiu Lun 2014
4825:Chi Man & Yiu Lun 2014
3979:
3973:
3945:
3410:and the 3/229th landed at
2816:
2655:
1963:Military campaigns of the
1834:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
18:
11329:
11303:
11250:
11184:
11146:
11033:
10920:
10818:
10800:
10722:
10554:BratislavaâBrno offensive
10494:
10485:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
10222:
10109:Allied invasion of Sicily
10063:
9969:Aleutian Islands campaign
9941:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
9888:
9879:Greek famine of 1941â1944
9774:Second Battle of Changsha
9679:German invasion of Greece
9647:
9524:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
9499:
9437:
9332:
9213:
8939:
8849:
8697:
8400:
8391:
8149:
7974:
7866:North and Central Pacific
7827:
7589:
7582:
7509:
7408:
7360:
7307:
7290:
7221:
6836:Canadian Military History
6676:Nicholson, Brian (2010).
6308:, War Crime-Causeway Bay.
6052:18 September 2021 at the
4521:Canadian Military Journal
4488:Canadian Military History
4059:posthumously awarded the
4038:
3879:Royal Army Ordnance Corps
3667:Stanley Military Cemetery
3663:Sai Wan Military Cemetery
3421:North Point Power Station
3365:and a reserve company in
3002:
2744:Indian gunners manning a
2124:
2004:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
1974:
1450:
943:Pacification of Manchukuo
889:
538:
484:
453:
411:
232:
111:
63:
49:
37:
32:
11534:Wars involving Hong Kong
11354:Cheung Chau Bun Festival
11118:One country, two systems
11010:Public parks and gardens
10955:Buildings and structures
10930:Administrative divisions
10146:Allied invasion of Italy
10123:Solomon Islands campaign
9872:Third Battle of Changsha
9469:First Battle of Changsha
9375:Second Sino-Japanese War
8315:German military brothels
8181:United States war crimes
6547:Harris, John R. (2005).
5421:South China Morning Post
4225:
3881:(RAOC) and three of the
3871:Royal Army Service Corps
3461:Wong Nei Chung Reservoir
3357:had its headquarters at
3153:causing minimal damage.
2879:Dominion of Newfoundland
2599:British Far East Command
2575:Second Sino-Japanese War
2290:pre-war border conflicts
2073:Asia-Pacific (1941â1945)
1921:Second Sino-Japanese War
1761:Estevan Point Lighthouse
1516:Indian Ocean (1941â1945)
1467:MarshallsâGilberts raids
880:Second Sino-Japanese War
10568:Second Guangxi campaign
10423:Philippines (1944â1945)
9927:Battle of the Coral Sea
9830:Fall of the Philippines
9476:Battle of South Guangxi
9382:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
8788:Italian Social Republic
7072:24 January 2012 at the
6528:Fung, Chi Ming (2005).
6490:Carroll, J. M. (2007).
4127:The memorial garden at
4009:Hong Kong Defence Force
3731:Stanley Internment Camp
3611:David Mercer MacDougall
3583:Happy Valley Racecourse
3425:John Johnstone Paterson
3062:International Date Line
2813:Canadian Army (C Force)
2702:Auxiliary Defence Units
2571:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
2068:French Indochina (1940)
1523:Japanese merchant raids
790:Nauru and Ocean Islands
11166:Food and Health Bureau
10990:Islands and peninsulas
10153:Armistice of Cassibile
9955:Battle of Dutch Harbor
9906:Battle of the Java Sea
9809:Attack on Pearl Harbor
9709:SyriaâLebanon campaign
9702:Battle of South Shanxi
9672:Invasion of Yugoslavia
9455:Battle of the Atlantic
9069:Korean Liberation Army
8782:(until September 1943)
8739:(until September 1944)
8717:(until September 1944)
7390:Battle of Kuala Lumpur
7229:Attack on Pearl Harbor
7172:22.28250°N 114.16111°E
7067:Canadians at Hong Kong
6566:Horne, Gerald (2004).
6365:www.defencejournal.com
6361:"14th PUNJAB REGIMENT"
6168:, War Crime-The Ridge.
5564:Ferguson, Ted (1980).
5131:. AFP. 8 December 2016
4074:and Flight Lieutenant
4035:
3998:
3982:British Army Aid Group
3873:(RASC) and two of the
3834:
3657:
3606:
3397:
3327:the Middlesex Regiment
3310:
3285:and were evacuated by
3262:protecting the narrow
3260:Devil's Peak peninsula
3258:where they would hold
3058:Attack on Pearl Harbor
3036:in the center and the
3025:
3017:
2858:armed merchant cruiser
2833:Royal Rifles of Canada
2828:
2775:Indian Medical Service
2753:
2663:Allied order of battle
2516:attack on Pearl Harbor
1822:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1666:Burma and India (1944)
1489:Gilberts and Marshalls
1374:West HenanâNorth Hubei
491:3,000 severely wounded
233:Commanders and leaders
11389:Hong Kong nationalism
11374:Heritage conservation
10897:Handover of Hong Kong
10317:Second Battle of Guam
10213:Bengal famine of 1943
10183:Second Battle of Kiev
10139:Battle of the Dnieper
9844:Battle of Wake Island
9716:East African campaign
9658:Battle of South Henan
9303:atrocities by Germans
9076:Korean Volunteer Army
8057:Occupation of Germany
7811:Music in World War II
7244:Battle of Wake Island
7239:Battle of Guam (1941)
7020:Snow, Philip (2003).
7001:Burton, John (2006).
6982:Banham, Tony (2009).
6830:Macri, David (2011).
6462:Banham, Tony (2005).
6343:"The Rajput Regiment"
6180:, War Crime-Overbays.
5770:, pp. 63â67, 69.
5695:World war II Database
5615:"Hong Kong War Diary"
4843:Department of Defence
4176:Cenotaph in Hong Kong
4033:
3993:
3970:Subsequent operations
3932:St. Stephen's College
3869:(RA), six men of the
3825:
3681:Sham Shui Po POW Camp
3653:
3604:
3571:St. Stephen's College
3395:
3308:
3151:Sham Shui Po Barracks
3123:and advanced towards
3023:
3015:
2826:
2743:
2656:Further information:
2522:attacked the British
2215:Yugoslavian Partisans
1732:Philippines (1944â45)
1690:Philippines (1941â42)
529:Japanese offensives,
454:Casualties and losses
378:Tadamichi Kuribayashi
56:Japanese troops take
10603:Surrender of Germany
10081:Battle of West Hubei
10038:Guadalcanal campaign
10008:Battle of Stalingrad
9934:Battle of Madagascar
8708:Albania protectorate
8495:(formerly Swaziland)
8204:Wehrmacht war crimes
8020:Expulsion of Germans
7804:Art and World War II
7702:British contribution
7651:Governments in exile
7421:Day of Infamy speech
7385:Battle of Kota Bharu
6641:. Campaign. Osprey.
6248:, War Crime-Eucliff.
5882:Ko & Wordie 1996
5720:Ko & Wordie 1996
5651:Ko & Wordie 1996
5619:hongkongwardiary.com
5528:Ko & Wordie 1996
5392:Ko & Wordie 1996
5380:Ko & Wordie 1996
4482:Terry, Copp (2001).
4256:Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke
3812:Air Raid Precautions
3765:improve this article
3655:Sai Wan War Cemetery
3193:At 21:30 on the 9th
2959:and three out-dated
2591:Robert Brooke-Popham
2500:Defence of Hong Kong
1533:Homfreyganj massacre
486:Civilian casualties:
465:1 destroyer captured
417:10,976â14,564 troops
11529:Battle of Hong Kong
11103:Legislative Council
11005:Mountains and peaks
10867:Japanese occupation
10862:Battle of Hong Kong
10693:Potsdam Declaration
10582:Italy (Spring 1945)
10345:Liberation of Paris
9802:Siege of Sevastopol
8820:(until August 1944)
8723:Wang Jingwei regime
8545:from September 1943
8505:from September 1944
8443:from September 1944
8303:Romanian war crimes
8294:Persecution of Jews
8280:Croatian war crimes
8250:Japanese war crimes
8064:Occupation of Japan
8013:First Indochina War
7725:Military production
7637:Declarations of war
7234:Battle of Hong Kong
7177:22.28250; 114.16111
7168: /
6481:Carew, Tim (1960).
5897:. 22 December 2022.
5870:Lai & Rava 2014
5855:Lai & Rava 2014
5831:Lai & Rava 2014
5819:Lai & Rava 2014
5807:Lai & Rava 2014
5795:Lai & Rava 2014
5783:Lai & Rava 2014
5768:Lai & Rava 2014
5756:Lai & Rava 2014
5744:Lai & Rava 2014
5732:Lai & Rava 2014
5708:Lai & Rava 2014
5639:Lai & Rava 2014
5552:Lai & Rava 2014
5540:Lai & Rava 2014
5516:Lai & Rava 2014
5466:Luff, John (1967).
5404:Lai & Rava 2014
5368:Lai & Rava 2014
5356:Lai & Rava 2014
5257:http://www.cnac.org
5245:Lai & Rava 2014
5233:Lai & Rava 2014
5214:Lai & Rava 2014
5202:Lai & Rava 2014
5178:Lai & Rava 2014
5094:Lai & Rava 2014
5082:Lai & Rava 2014
5067:Lai & Rava 2014
5026:Lai & Rava 2014
5004:, pp. 448â449.
4870:, pp. 144â145.
4837:Scudieri, James D.
4827:, pp. 165â219.
4471:on 22 January 2020.
4419:Lai & Rava 2014
4254:Figures taken from
4238:Figures taken from
4195:Hong Kong City Hall
4129:Hong Kong City Hall
4113:Emblem of Hong Kong
4076:Hector Bertram Gray
3700:for Indian soldiers
3351:Aberdeen Naval Base
3032:in the west, the 2/
2957:amphibious aircraft
2841:Winnipeg Grenadiers
2787:Stonecutters Island
2496:Battle of Hong Kong
2044:Siberia (1918â1922)
1301:Sichuan (cancelled)
760:Andaman and Nicobar
33:Battle of Hong Kong
10686:Surrender of Japan
10519:Battle of Iwo Jima
10368:Belgrade offensive
9781:Siege of Leningrad
9665:Battle of Shanggao
9594:British Somaliland
9559:Dunkirk evacuation
9510:Norwegian campaign
9448:Invasion of Poland
9275:Japanese prisoners
8243:Italian war crimes
8174:British war crimes
8089:Soviet occupations
7873:South-West Pacific
7760:Allied cooperation
7718:Military equipment
7284:Invasion of Borneo
7264:Bombing of Rangoon
7130:on 28 October 2009
6953:Linton, Suzannah.
6657:Mackenzie, Compton
5989:. 25 February 2015
5069:, pp. 12, 79.
4544:, pp. 75, 76.
4288:Banham, 2003, p316
4240:Christopher Maltby
4149:John Robert Osborn
4036:
3999:
3914:Deepwater Bay Ride
3835:
3686:Argyle Street Camp
3658:
3607:
3485:John Robert Osborn
3398:
3319:Wong Nai Chung Gap
3311:
3026:
3018:
2961:Vickers Vildebeest
2954:Supermarine Walrus
2919:Motor Torpedo Boat
2907:Philippine Islands
2829:
2754:
2726:Nursing Detachment
2595:Commander-in-Chief
2587:Hong Kong Garrison
2583:Gin Drinkers' Line
2417:French West Africa
2258:South West Pacific
2166:Denmark and Norway
1880:Japanese surrender
1846:Naval bombardments
1776:Fire balloon bombs
1499:Volcano and Ryukyu
1494:Marianas and Palau
1091:Yellow River flood
1005:Railway Operation
272:Christopher Maltby
71:8â25 December 1941
11516:
11515:
11123:Political parties
11078:Foreign relations
10810:Index of articles
10760:
10759:
10718:
10717:
10561:Battle of Okinawa
10460:Burma (1944â1945)
10294:Mariana and Palau
10074:Tunisian campaign
9899:Fall of Singapore
9823:Fall of Hong Kong
9566:Battle of Britain
9419:Operation Himmler
9328:
9327:
8992:Dutch East Indies
8635:Southern Rhodesia
8387:
8386:
8287:Genocide of Serbs
8190:German war crimes
8167:Soviet war crimes
8160:Allied war crimes
8006:Division of Korea
7985:Chinese Civil War
7783:Strategic bombing
7695:Manhattan Project
7469:
7468:
6993:978-962-209-960-9
6769:978-1-78340-981-5
6687:978-1-4269-4604-2
6648:978-1-78200-268-0
6558:978-962-209-779-7
6539:978-962-209-734-6
6501:978-0-74253-421-6
6483:Fall of Hong Kong
6401:978-962-209-472-7
5845:, pp. 43â61.
5821:, pp. 76â77.
5809:, pp. 75â76.
5758:, p. 53, 60.
5734:, pp. 62â63.
5710:, pp. 56â61.
5641:, pp. 54â56.
5600:978-962-209-779-7
5575:978-0-17-601524-4
5554:, pp. 52â54.
5542:, p. 49, 52.
5518:, pp. 49â52.
5452:978-0-465-03022-4
5370:, pp. 45â47.
5247:, pp. 39â43.
5204:, pp. 37â38.
5161:978-962-209-779-7
4457:. BiblioScholar.
4358:, pp. 47â48.
4078:were awarded the
4020:resistance groups
3925:Maryknoll Mission
3832:Jardine's Lookout
3797:
3796:
3789:
3698:Ma Tau Chung Camp
3597:Fall of Hong Kong
3567:Type 94 tankettes
3538:Repulse Bay Hotel
3347:Jardine's Lookout
3182:Shing Mun Redoubt
3176:, the HKVDC held
3146:Hong Kong Clipper
3042:Bren Gun Carriers
3016:Map of the battle
2839:) and one of the
2733:
2732:
2603:Winston Churchill
2504:Fall of Hong Kong
2489:
2488:
2410:Strategic bombing
2326:Mediterranean Sea
2081:
2080:
2009:China (1899â1901)
1929:
1928:
1771:Lookout Air Raids
1678:Southwest Pacific
1408:
1407:
1267:Yunnan-Burma Road
1205:Hundred Regiments
977:Marco Polo Bridge
843:
842:
693:Dutch East Indies
495:
494:
303:
281:
259:
107:
106:
81:British Hong Kong
11561:
11404:Lion Rock Spirit
11379:Hong Kong orchid
11207:
10980:Land reclamation
10965:Cities and towns
10787:
10780:
10773:
10764:
10763:
10753:
10746:
10739:
10736:World portal
10734:
10733:
10709:
10702:
10695:
10688:
10679:
10672:
10665:
10656:
10649:
10642:
10635:
10628:
10621:
10612:
10605:
10598:
10596:Prague offensive
10591:
10589:Battle of Berlin
10584:
10577:
10570:
10563:
10556:
10549:
10542:
10535:
10533:Vienna offensive
10528:
10521:
10514:
10512:Battle of Manila
10507:
10487:
10478:
10469:
10462:
10453:
10446:
10439:
10432:
10425:
10418:
10411:
10402:
10393:
10386:
10377:
10370:
10363:
10356:
10347:
10340:
10333:
10326:
10319:
10312:
10305:
10296:
10289:
10280:
10271:
10262:
10255:
10253:KorsunâCherkassy
10248:
10237:
10215:
10206:
10199:
10192:
10185:
10178:
10171:
10164:
10155:
10148:
10141:
10134:
10125:
10118:
10111:
10104:
10097:
10095:Bombing of Gorky
10090:
10083:
10076:
10056:
10049:
10040:
10033:
10026:
10017:
10010:
10003:
9996:
9985:
9978:
9971:
9964:
9962:Battle of Midway
9957:
9950:
9948:Battle of Gazala
9943:
9936:
9929:
9922:
9915:
9908:
9901:
9881:
9874:
9867:
9860:
9858:Battle of Borneo
9853:
9851:Malayan campaign
9846:
9839:
9832:
9825:
9818:
9811:
9804:
9797:
9795:Bombing of Gorky
9790:
9788:Battle of Moscow
9783:
9776:
9769:
9762:
9755:
9748:
9732:
9725:
9718:
9711:
9704:
9697:
9688:
9681:
9674:
9667:
9660:
9640:
9631:
9624:
9617:
9610:
9603:
9596:
9589:
9582:
9575:
9568:
9561:
9554:
9552:Battle of France
9547:
9540:
9533:
9526:
9519:
9512:
9492:
9485:
9478:
9471:
9464:
9457:
9450:
9428:
9421:
9414:
9407:
9405:Munich Agreement
9400:
9393:
9384:
9377:
9370:
9361:
9354:
9339:
9338:
9321:
9314:
9305:
9298:
9291:
9290:Soviet prisoners
9284:
9277:
9270:
9261:
9254:
9245:
9238:
9231:
9230:German prisoners
9226:
9206:
9197:
9190:
9183:
9178:
9171:
9164:
9157:
9150:
9143:
9136:
9129:
9122:
9115:
9108:
9101:
9094:
9087:
9078:
9071:
9064:
9057:
9050:
9043:
9036:
9029:
9022:
9015:
9008:
9001:
8994:
8987:
8980:
8973:
8966:
8959:
8952:
8932:
8925:
8918:
8911:
8904:
8897:
8890:
8883:
8876:
8869:
8862:
8842:
8835:
8828:
8821:
8813:
8806:
8799:
8790:
8783:
8775:
8768:
8766:French Indochina
8761:
8754:
8747:
8740:
8732:
8725:
8718:
8710:
8690:
8681:
8674:
8665:
8658:
8651:
8644:
8637:
8630:
8623:
8616:
8613:from August 1944
8604:
8597:
8590:
8583:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8555:
8548:
8536:
8529:
8522:
8515:
8508:
8496:
8488:
8481:
8474:
8467:
8460:
8453:
8446:
8434:
8427:
8420:
8413:
8398:
8397:
8378:
8371:
8364:
8357:
8350:
8339:
8324:
8317:
8310:
8305:
8296:
8289:
8282:
8273:
8266:
8259:
8257:Nanjing Massacre
8252:
8245:
8236:
8234:Nuremberg trials
8227:
8220:
8213:
8206:
8199:
8192:
8183:
8176:
8169:
8162:
8142:
8135:
8128:
8119:
8112:
8105:
8098:
8091:
8084:
8075:
8066:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8036:
8029:
8022:
8015:
8008:
8001:
7994:
7987:
7967:
7958:
7951:
7944:
7935:
7928:
7921:
7914:
7905:
7898:
7891:
7882:
7875:
7868:
7861:
7854:
7847:
7840:
7838:Asia and Pacific
7820:
7813:
7806:
7799:
7792:
7785:
7778:
7769:
7767:Mulberry harbour
7762:
7755:
7748:
7741:
7734:
7727:
7720:
7713:
7704:
7697:
7690:
7681:
7674:
7667:
7660:
7653:
7646:
7639:
7632:
7625:
7618:
7609:
7602:
7587:
7586:
7575:
7568:
7559:
7552:
7545:
7538:
7531:
7524:
7517:
7496:
7489:
7482:
7473:
7472:
7456:HMS Peterel sunk
7451:USS Wake capture
7431:Malayan campaign
7380:Battle of Kampar
7302:
7296:
7210:
7203:
7196:
7187:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7178:
7173:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7126:. Archived from
7104:
7100:Internet Archive
7087:
7083:Internet Archive
7035:
7016:
6997:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6933:Kwong, Chi Man.
6922:
6896:
6851:
6819:
6798:Butler, J. R. M.
6792:
6773:
6754:
6752:
6750:
6745:on 2 August 2016
6744:
6738:. Archived from
6725:
6710:
6691:
6672:
6652:
6633:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6597:
6585:
6573:
6562:
6543:
6524:
6505:
6486:
6477:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6424:
6418:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6371:on 25 April 2019
6367:. Archived from
6357:
6351:
6350:
6339:
6333:
6327:
6321:
6315:
6309:
6303:
6297:
6296:, pp. 25â6.
6291:
6285:
6279:
6273:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6249:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6199:
6193:
6187:
6181:
6175:
6169:
6163:
6157:
6151:
6145:
6139:
6133:
6127:
6121:
6115:
6109:
6103:
6097:
6096:, pp. 41â2.
6091:
6085:
6079:
6068:
6062:
6056:
6040:
6034:
6029:
6023:
6017:
6011:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5987:the-saleroom.com
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5797:, pp. 70â1.
5792:
5786:
5780:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5499:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5479:
5468:The Hidden Years
5463:
5457:
5456:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5413:
5407:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5331:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5309:
5303:
5301:William McDonald
5298:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5268:Charles L. Sharp
5265:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5230:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5166:
5165:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5103:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5070:
5064:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5017:
5011:
5005:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4957:After the Battle
4952:
4946:
4945:
4939:
4931:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4781:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4748:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4703:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4670:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4637:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4604:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4571:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4518:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4467:. Archived from
4448:
4442:
4441:
4428:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4304:
4296:
4290:
4285:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4252:
4246:
4236:
4217:
4205:
4191:Memorial Gardens
4186:
4171:
4159:
4140:
4057:Newfoundland dog
3805:Hong Kong Island
3792:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3749:
3741:
3692:North Point Camp
3674:prisoners of war
3579:China Fleet Club
3441:Salesian Mission
3339:Pinewood Battery
3301:Hong Kong Island
3264:Lye Moon Passage
3174:Smuggler's Ridge
2667:
2666:
2626:Hong Kong Island
2559:Hong Kong Island
2518:, forces of the
2476:French Indochina
2119:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2085:
2084:
1969:
1967:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1901:Manchuria (1945)
1756:Aleutian Islands
1606:Indochina (1945)
1576:Indochina (1940)
1562:2nd Indian Ocean
1545:1st Indian Ocean
1540:Christmas Island
1445:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1295:ZhejiangâJiangxi
1171:Winter Offensive
1068:North-East Henan
999:Sihang Warehouse
884:
883:
881:
870:
863:
856:
847:
846:
805:Aleutian Islands
795:Zhejiang-Jiangxi
765:Christmas Island
576:French Indochina
533:
521:
514:
507:
498:
497:
480:2 planes damaged
469:1 minelayer sunk
401:
400:
399:
389:
388:
387:
380:
376:
375:
374:
363:
362:
361:
345:
344:
343:
333:
332:
331:
323:
313:
312:
311:
304:
302:
296:
292:
291:
290:
282:
280:
274:
270:
269:
268:
260:
258:
252:
248:
247:
246:
224:
222:
221:
210:
208:
207:
201:
197:
195:
194:
184:
182:
181:
173:
169:
167:
166:
158:
154:
152:
151:
140:
138:
137:
125:
123:
122:
91:Japanese victory
65:
64:
54:
30:
29:
11569:
11568:
11564:
11563:
11562:
11560:
11559:
11558:
11519:
11518:
11517:
11512:
11461:Public holidays
11325:
11321:Sex trafficking
11299:
11246:
11205:
11180:
11148:Public services
11142:
11053:Chief Executive
11043:National anthem
11029:
10916:
10814:
10796:
10791:
10761:
10756:
10749:
10742:
10728:
10726:
10714:
10705:
10698:
10691:
10684:
10675:
10668:
10661:
10652:
10647:Atomic bombings
10645:
10638:
10631:
10624:
10617:
10608:
10601:
10594:
10587:
10580:
10573:
10566:
10559:
10552:
10545:
10538:
10531:
10524:
10517:
10510:
10503:
10490:
10483:
10472:
10465:
10458:
10449:
10442:
10435:
10428:
10421:
10414:
10405:
10396:
10389:
10380:
10373:
10366:
10359:
10350:
10343:
10338:Eastern Romania
10336:
10331:Warsaw Uprising
10329:
10324:Tannenberg Line
10322:
10315:
10310:Western Ukraine
10308:
10299:
10292:
10283:
10274:
10265:
10258:
10251:
10240:
10231:
10218:
10211:
10202:
10195:
10188:
10181:
10174:
10167:
10160:
10151:
10144:
10137:
10128:
10121:
10114:
10107:
10102:Battle of Kursk
10100:
10093:
10086:
10079:
10072:
10059:
10052:
10043:
10036:
10029:
10020:
10013:
10006:
9999:
9990:
9981:
9974:
9967:
9960:
9953:
9946:
9939:
9932:
9925:
9918:
9913:St Nazaire Raid
9911:
9904:
9897:
9884:
9877:
9870:
9863:
9856:
9849:
9842:
9835:
9828:
9821:
9814:
9807:
9800:
9793:
9786:
9779:
9772:
9765:
9758:
9751:
9737:
9728:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9700:
9695:Anglo-Iraqi War
9693:
9686:Battle of Crete
9684:
9677:
9670:
9663:
9656:
9643:
9634:
9627:
9620:
9615:Eastern Romania
9613:
9606:
9599:
9592:
9585:
9578:
9571:
9564:
9557:
9550:
9543:
9536:
9529:
9522:
9515:
9508:
9495:
9488:
9481:
9474:
9467:
9460:
9453:
9446:
9433:
9424:
9417:
9410:
9403:
9396:
9389:
9380:
9373:
9366:
9357:
9350:
9324:
9317:
9310:
9301:
9294:
9289:
9280:
9273:
9266:
9257:
9250:
9241:
9234:
9229:
9222:
9209:
9202:
9193:
9186:
9181:
9176:Western Ukraine
9174:
9167:
9160:
9153:
9146:
9139:
9132:
9125:
9120:Northeast China
9118:
9111:
9104:
9097:
9090:
9083:
9074:
9067:
9060:
9053:
9046:
9039:
9032:
9025:
9018:
9011:
9004:
8997:
8990:
8983:
8976:
8969:
8962:
8955:
8948:
8935:
8928:
8921:
8914:
8907:
8900:
8893:
8886:
8879:
8872:
8865:
8858:
8845:
8838:
8831:
8826:Slovak Republic
8824:
8816:
8809:
8802:
8797:Empire of Japan
8795:
8786:
8778:
8771:
8764:
8757:
8750:
8743:
8735:
8728:
8721:
8713:
8706:
8693:
8686:
8677:
8670:
8661:
8654:
8647:
8640:
8633:
8626:
8619:
8607:
8600:
8593:
8586:
8579:
8572:
8565:
8558:
8551:
8539:
8532:
8525:
8518:
8511:
8499:
8491:
8484:
8477:
8470:
8463:
8456:
8449:
8437:
8430:
8423:
8416:
8409:
8383:
8374:
8367:
8360:
8353:
8342:
8327:
8320:
8313:
8309:Sexual violence
8308:
8301:
8292:
8285:
8278:
8269:
8262:
8255:
8248:
8241:
8232:
8223:
8216:
8209:
8202:
8195:
8188:
8179:
8172:
8165:
8158:
8145:
8138:
8131:
8124:
8115:
8108:
8101:
8094:
8087:
8078:
8069:
8062:
8055:
8048:
8039:
8032:
8027:Greek Civil War
8025:
8018:
8011:
8004:
7997:
7990:
7983:
7970:
7963:
7954:
7947:
7940:
7931:
7924:
7917:
7910:
7901:
7894:
7887:
7878:
7871:
7864:
7857:
7852:South-East Asia
7850:
7843:
7836:
7823:
7816:
7809:
7802:
7795:
7788:
7781:
7774:
7765:
7758:
7751:
7744:
7737:
7730:
7723:
7716:
7711:Military awards
7709:
7700:
7693:
7686:
7677:
7670:
7663:
7656:
7649:
7642:
7635:
7628:
7621:
7614:
7605:
7598:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7555:
7548:
7541:
7536:
7527:
7520:
7513:
7505:
7500:
7470:
7465:
7404:
7375:Battle of Jitra
7370:Battle of Gurun
7356:
7303:
7297:
7288:
7217:
7214:
7176:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7133:
7131:
7122:
7102:
7088:(archived from
7085:
7074:Wayback Machine
7043:
7038:
7032:
7013:
6994:
6977:
6975:Further reading
6972:
6963:
6961:
6943:
6941:
6816:
6789:
6770:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6723:
6707:
6688:
6649:
6630:
6608:
6606:
6595:
6582:
6559:
6540:
6521:
6502:
6474:
6452:
6447:
6437:
6435:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6413:
6409:
6402:
6388:
6384:
6374:
6372:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6347:Indian Army NIC
6341:
6340:
6336:
6328:
6324:
6316:
6312:
6304:
6300:
6292:
6288:
6280:
6276:
6268:
6264:
6256:
6252:
6244:
6240:
6230:
6228:
6227:. HKU Libraries
6223:
6222:
6218:
6208:
6206:
6205:. HKU Libraries
6201:
6200:
6196:
6188:
6184:
6176:
6172:
6164:
6160:
6152:
6148:
6140:
6136:
6128:
6124:
6116:
6112:
6104:
6100:
6092:
6088:
6080:
6071:
6063:
6059:
6054:Wayback Machine
6041:
6037:
6030:
6026:
6018:
6014:
6006:
6002:
5992:
5990:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5930:
5926:
5918:
5914:
5906:
5902:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5880:
5876:
5868:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5841:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5817:
5813:
5805:
5801:
5793:
5789:
5781:
5774:
5766:
5762:
5754:
5750:
5742:
5738:
5730:
5726:
5718:
5714:
5706:
5702:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5676:
5672:
5664:
5657:
5649:
5645:
5637:
5633:
5623:
5621:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5601:
5587:
5583:
5576:
5562:
5558:
5550:
5546:
5538:
5534:
5526:
5522:
5514:
5510:
5500:
5491:
5490:
5481:
5480:
5464:
5460:
5453:
5439:
5435:
5425:
5423:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5402:
5398:
5390:
5386:
5378:
5374:
5366:
5362:
5354:
5350:
5343:
5339:
5332:
5328:
5323:Robert S. Angle
5321:
5317:
5310:
5306:
5299:
5295:
5290:Harold A. Sweet
5288:
5284:
5277:
5273:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5251:
5243:
5239:
5231:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5188:
5184:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5112:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5092:
5088:
5080:
5073:
5065:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5045:. December 2011
5037:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5012:
5008:
5000:
4996:
4988:
4984:
4976:
4972:
4953:
4949:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4914:
4910:
4902:
4898:
4890:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4866:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4849:on 17 July 2011
4835:
4831:
4823:
4819:
4807:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4729:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4682:
4680:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4614:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4581:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4552:
4548:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4480:
4476:
4465:
4449:
4445:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4405:
4398:
4390:
4386:
4378:
4374:
4366:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4342:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4266:
4262:
4253:
4249:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4221:
4218:
4209:
4206:
4197:
4187:
4178:
4172:
4163:
4160:
4151:
4141:
4101:
4041:
3988:
3978:
3972:
3958:
3956:New Territories
3948:
3899:Royal Air Force
3867:Royal Artillery
3807:
3793:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3762:
3750:
3739:
3648:
3643:
3627:Peninsula Hotel
3599:
3543:Stanley Village
3363:Taikoo Dockyard
3303:
3233:Kung Hsiang-hsi
3227:, the widow of
3225:Mme Sun Yat-Sen
3093:Castle Peak Bay
3084:Sham Chun River
3010:
3005:
2977:
2946:Kai Tak Airport
2942:
2940:Royal Air Force
2927:
2915:
2821:
2815:
2799:Mount Collinson
2783:
2771:Punjabi Muslims
2738:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:Order of battle
2618:New Territories
2611:Chiang Kai-shek
2567:
2555:New Territories
2520:Empire of Japan
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2372:Other campaigns
2366:Southern France
2275:Burma and India
2270:South-East Asia
2265:Franco-Thai War
2120:
2114:
2112:
2082:
2077:
2063:China (1937â45)
2034:Tsingtao (1914)
2021:
1970:
1966:Empire of Japan
1965:
1962:
1960:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1829:Mariana Islands
1702:Solomon Islands
1671:Burma (1944â45)
1661:Burma (1942â43)
1656:Burma (1941â42)
1649:Burma and India
1581:Franco-Thai War
1528:Andaman Islands
1455:Central Pacific
1446:
1441:
1439:
1409:
1404:
1197:ZaoyangâYichang
1136:SuixianâZaoyang
982:BeipingâTianjin
921:Nenjiang Bridge
885:
879:
877:
876:
874:
844:
839:
678:Gilbert Islands
571:ZaoyangâYichang
534:
530:
527:
525:
490:
488:
479:
477:
472:
470:
468:
467:4 gunboats sunk
466:
464:
463:10,000 captured
462:
460:
448:
443:
441:
439:
437:
429:
427:
422:
420:
418:
407:
397:
395:
385:
383:
372:
370:
369:
359:
357:
351:
341:
339:
329:
327:
319:
309:
307:
288:
286:
285:
266:
264:
263:
244:
242:
241:
219:
217:
205:
203:
202:
192:
190:
188:
179:
177:
176:
164:
162:
149:
147:
135:
133:
120:
118:
97:
83:
55:
40:Pacific Theatre
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11567:
11557:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11514:
11513:
11511:
11510:
11509:
11508:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11458:
11457:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11384:Honours system
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11341:
11335:
11333:
11327:
11326:
11324:
11323:
11318:
11313:
11307:
11305:
11301:
11300:
11298:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11256:
11254:
11248:
11247:
11245:
11244:
11239:
11234:
11232:Communications
11229:
11227:Stock Exchange
11224:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11201:
11196:
11190:
11188:
11182:
11181:
11179:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11152:
11150:
11144:
11143:
11141:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11039:
11037:
11031:
11030:
11028:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10926:
10924:
10918:
10917:
10915:
10914:
10909:
10904:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10884:
10879:
10874:
10869:
10864:
10859:
10858:
10857:
10847:
10845:British colony
10842:
10841:
10840:
10833:Imperial China
10830:
10824:
10822:
10816:
10815:
10813:
10812:
10807:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10790:
10789:
10782:
10775:
10767:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10754:
10747:
10740:
10723:
10720:
10719:
10716:
10715:
10713:
10712:
10711:
10710:
10703:
10696:
10682:
10681:
10680:
10666:
10663:South Sakhalin
10659:
10658:
10657:
10643:
10636:
10629:
10622:
10615:
10614:
10613:
10599:
10592:
10585:
10578:
10571:
10564:
10557:
10550:
10543:
10536:
10529:
10522:
10515:
10508:
10500:
10498:
10492:
10491:
10489:
10488:
10481:
10480:
10479:
10463:
10456:
10455:
10454:
10440:
10433:
10426:
10419:
10412:
10403:
10394:
10387:
10378:
10371:
10364:
10357:
10348:
10341:
10334:
10327:
10320:
10313:
10306:
10297:
10290:
10281:
10272:
10263:
10256:
10249:
10238:
10228:
10226:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10216:
10209:
10208:
10207:
10200:
10186:
10179:
10172:
10165:
10158:
10157:
10156:
10142:
10135:
10126:
10119:
10112:
10105:
10098:
10091:
10088:Battle of Attu
10084:
10077:
10069:
10067:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10057:
10050:
10041:
10034:
10027:
10018:
10011:
10004:
9997:
9988:
9987:
9986:
9979:
9965:
9958:
9951:
9944:
9937:
9930:
9923:
9916:
9909:
9902:
9894:
9892:
9886:
9885:
9883:
9882:
9875:
9868:
9861:
9854:
9847:
9840:
9837:Battle of Guam
9833:
9826:
9819:
9812:
9805:
9798:
9791:
9784:
9777:
9770:
9763:
9760:Battle of Kiev
9756:
9749:
9735:
9734:
9733:
9719:
9712:
9705:
9698:
9691:
9690:
9689:
9675:
9668:
9661:
9653:
9651:
9645:
9644:
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9641:
9632:
9625:
9618:
9611:
9604:
9597:
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9583:
9576:
9569:
9562:
9555:
9548:
9541:
9534:
9527:
9520:
9513:
9505:
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9497:
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9465:
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9422:
9415:
9408:
9401:
9387:
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9336:
9330:
9329:
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9325:
9323:
9322:
9315:
9308:
9307:
9306:
9299:
9287:
9286:
9285:
9271:
9264:
9263:
9262:
9259:United Kingdom
9255:
9248:
9247:
9246:
9227:
9219:
9217:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9207:
9200:
9199:
9198:
9191:
9179:
9172:
9165:
9158:
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9144:
9137:
9130:
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9102:
9095:
9088:
9081:
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9079:
9072:
9058:
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9037:
9030:
9023:
9016:
9009:
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8995:
8988:
8981:
8974:
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8855:
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8836:
8829:
8822:
8814:
8807:
8800:
8793:
8792:
8791:
8776:
8769:
8762:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8733:
8726:
8719:
8711:
8703:
8701:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8684:
8683:
8682:
8668:
8667:
8666:
8663:British Empire
8656:United Kingdom
8652:
8645:
8638:
8631:
8624:
8617:
8605:
8598:
8591:
8584:
8577:
8570:
8563:
8556:
8549:
8537:
8530:
8523:
8516:
8509:
8497:
8489:
8482:
8475:
8472:Czechoslovakia
8468:
8461:
8454:
8447:
8435:
8428:
8421:
8414:
8406:
8404:
8395:
8389:
8388:
8385:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8380:
8379:
8372:
8369:Rape of Manila
8365:
8358:
8351:
8340:
8325:
8318:
8306:
8299:
8298:
8297:
8290:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8267:
8260:
8246:
8239:
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8237:
8230:
8229:
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8207:
8200:
8186:
8185:
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8177:
8170:
8155:
8153:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8143:
8140:United Nations
8136:
8129:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8113:
8106:
8099:
8085:
8076:
8067:
8060:
8053:
8046:
8037:
8030:
8023:
8016:
8009:
8002:
7999:Decolonization
7995:
7988:
7980:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7961:
7960:
7959:
7945:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7929:
7922:
7908:
7907:
7906:
7899:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7876:
7869:
7862:
7855:
7848:
7833:
7831:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7821:
7814:
7807:
7800:
7793:
7786:
7779:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7763:
7749:
7742:
7735:
7728:
7721:
7714:
7707:
7706:
7705:
7691:
7684:
7683:
7682:
7675:
7672:United Kingdom
7668:
7654:
7647:
7640:
7633:
7626:
7619:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7595:
7593:
7584:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7569:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7553:
7546:
7534:
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7518:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7499:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7476:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7412:
7410:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7366:
7364:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7313:
7311:
7305:
7304:
7291:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7281:
7271:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7213:
7212:
7205:
7198:
7190:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7140:
7120:
7111:
7106:
7093:
7092:on 2008-05-28)
7076:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7042:
7041:External links
7039:
7037:
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6692:
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6673:
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6647:
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6615:
6586:
6581:978-0814736418
6580:
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6506:
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6472:
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6407:
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6382:
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6334:
6332:, p. 225.
6322:
6310:
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6262:
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6182:
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6144:, p. 115.
6134:
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6086:
6084:, p. 123.
6069:
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6022:, p. 488.
6012:
6010:, p. 316.
6000:
5975:
5963:
5936:
5934:, p. 121.
5924:
5922:, p. 227.
5912:
5910:, p. 214.
5908:Mackenzie 1951
5900:
5886:
5874:
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5835:
5823:
5811:
5799:
5787:
5772:
5760:
5748:
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5700:
5682:
5678:Nicholson 2010
5670:
5655:
5643:
5631:
5606:
5599:
5581:
5574:
5556:
5544:
5532:
5530:, p. 133.
5520:
5508:
5458:
5451:
5433:
5408:
5396:
5394:, p. 129.
5384:
5372:
5360:
5348:
5337:
5326:
5315:
5312:Frank L. Higgs
5304:
5293:
5282:
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5249:
5237:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5182:
5167:
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5142:
5120:
5098:
5086:
5071:
5056:
5030:
5018:
5016:, p. 449.
5006:
4994:
4992:, p. 448.
4982:
4980:, p. 315.
4970:
4947:
4927:978-1845740313
4926:
4908:
4896:
4884:
4872:
4860:
4829:
4817:
4801:
4784:London Gazette
4768:
4751:London Gazette
4735:
4723:
4706:London Gazette
4690:
4673:London Gazette
4657:
4640:London Gazette
4624:
4607:London Gazette
4591:
4574:London Gazette
4558:
4546:
4534:
4505:
4474:
4464:978-1249373070
4463:
4443:
4423:
4411:
4396:
4394:, p. 129.
4384:
4382:, p. 318.
4372:
4370:, pp. 80.
4360:
4348:
4346:, p. 317.
4336:
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4307:London Gazette
4291:
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4045:Battle Honours
4040:
4037:
4002:Isogai Rensuke
3974:Main article:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3957:
3954:
3953:
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3806:
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3738:
3735:
3724:Toshiyuki Kato
3720:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3598:
3595:
3591:Wanchai Market
3517:Deep Water Bay
3489:Victoria Cross
3453:Cape Collinson
3449:Cape D'Aguilar
3403:sugar refinery
3315:John K. Lawson
3302:
3299:
3141:Pan-Am Airways
3054:Hong Kong Time
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2976:
2973:
2941:
2938:
2926:
2923:
2914:
2911:
2817:Main article:
2814:
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2782:
2779:
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2734:
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2730:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:Local Colonial
2683:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2664:
2661:
2653:
2650:
2566:
2563:
2487:
2486:
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2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Baltic Nations
2432:
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2419:
2414:
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2397:
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2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2023:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1989:Ganghwa (1875)
1986:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1910:
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1908:
1898:
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1877:
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1856:South Sakhalin
1853:
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1826:
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1611:Malacca Strait
1608:
1603:
1598:
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1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:Southeast Asia
1565:
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1542:
1537:
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1525:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
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1481:
1479:Doolittle Raid
1476:
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1451:
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1438:
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1430:
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1396:
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1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:GuilinâLiuzhou
1362:
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1009:BeipingâHankou
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989:
984:
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948:Inner Mongolia
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524:
523:
516:
509:
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493:
492:
482:
481:
474:
456:
455:
451:
450:
436:26,928 troops
434:
414:
413:
409:
408:
406:
405:
403:Masaichi Niimi
393:
391:Tadayoshi Sano
381:
367:
354:
352:
350:
349:
337:
325:
315:John K. Lawson
305:
283:
261:
238:
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229:
214:
175:
174:
159:
144:
142:United Kingdom
130:
127:British Empire
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
93:
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28:
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15:
9:
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11566:
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11479:
11477:
11474:
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11469:
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11447:
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11441:
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11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11336:
11334:
11332:
11328:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11308:
11306:
11302:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11285:List of roads
11283:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11257:
11255:
11253:
11249:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11191:
11189:
11187:
11183:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11161:Fire services
11159:
11157:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11149:
11145:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11040:
11038:
11036:
11032:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10935:Air pollution
10933:
10931:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10923:
10919:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10856:
10853:
10852:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10839:
10836:
10835:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10821:
10817:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10802:
10799:
10795:
10788:
10783:
10781:
10776:
10774:
10769:
10768:
10765:
10752:
10748:
10745:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10732:
10725:
10724:
10721:
10708:
10704:
10701:
10697:
10694:
10690:
10689:
10687:
10683:
10678:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:Kuril Islands
10667:
10664:
10660:
10655:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10644:
10641:
10637:
10634:
10630:
10627:
10623:
10620:
10616:
10611:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10600:
10597:
10593:
10590:
10586:
10583:
10579:
10576:
10572:
10569:
10565:
10562:
10558:
10555:
10551:
10548:
10544:
10541:
10537:
10534:
10530:
10527:
10523:
10520:
10516:
10513:
10509:
10506:
10502:
10501:
10499:
10497:
10493:
10486:
10482:
10477:
10476:
10471:
10470:
10468:
10464:
10461:
10457:
10452:
10448:
10447:
10445:
10441:
10438:
10437:Syrmian Front
10434:
10431:
10427:
10424:
10420:
10417:
10413:
10410:
10409:
10404:
10401:
10400:
10395:
10392:
10388:
10385:
10384:
10383:Market Garden
10379:
10376:
10372:
10369:
10365:
10362:
10358:
10355:
10354:
10349:
10346:
10342:
10339:
10335:
10332:
10328:
10325:
10321:
10318:
10314:
10311:
10307:
10304:
10303:
10298:
10295:
10291:
10288:
10287:
10282:
10279:
10278:
10273:
10270:
10269:
10264:
10261:
10257:
10254:
10250:
10247:
10243:
10242:Monte Cassino
10239:
10236:
10235:
10230:
10229:
10227:
10225:
10221:
10214:
10210:
10205:
10201:
10198:
10194:
10193:
10191:
10187:
10184:
10180:
10177:
10173:
10170:
10166:
10163:
10159:
10154:
10150:
10149:
10147:
10143:
10140:
10136:
10133:
10132:
10127:
10124:
10120:
10117:
10113:
10110:
10106:
10103:
10099:
10096:
10092:
10089:
10085:
10082:
10078:
10075:
10071:
10070:
10068:
10066:
10062:
10055:
10051:
10048:
10047:
10042:
10039:
10035:
10032:
10028:
10025:
10024:
10019:
10016:
10012:
10009:
10005:
10002:
9998:
9995:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9980:
9977:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9966:
9963:
9959:
9956:
9952:
9949:
9945:
9942:
9938:
9935:
9931:
9928:
9924:
9921:
9917:
9914:
9910:
9907:
9903:
9900:
9896:
9895:
9893:
9891:
9887:
9880:
9876:
9873:
9869:
9866:
9862:
9859:
9855:
9852:
9848:
9845:
9841:
9838:
9834:
9831:
9827:
9824:
9820:
9817:
9813:
9810:
9806:
9803:
9799:
9796:
9792:
9789:
9785:
9782:
9778:
9775:
9771:
9768:
9764:
9761:
9757:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9745:
9740:
9736:
9731:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9720:
9717:
9713:
9710:
9706:
9703:
9699:
9696:
9692:
9687:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9676:
9673:
9669:
9666:
9662:
9659:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9646:
9639:
9638:
9633:
9630:
9626:
9623:
9619:
9616:
9612:
9609:
9608:Baltic states
9605:
9602:
9598:
9595:
9591:
9588:
9584:
9581:
9577:
9574:
9570:
9567:
9563:
9560:
9556:
9553:
9549:
9546:
9542:
9539:
9535:
9532:
9528:
9525:
9521:
9518:
9514:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9502:
9498:
9491:
9487:
9484:
9480:
9477:
9473:
9470:
9466:
9463:
9459:
9456:
9452:
9449:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9440:
9436:
9427:
9423:
9420:
9416:
9413:
9409:
9406:
9402:
9399:
9395:
9394:
9392:
9388:
9383:
9379:
9376:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9365:
9360:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9349:
9348:
9346:
9344:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9331:
9320:
9316:
9313:
9309:
9304:
9300:
9297:
9293:
9292:
9288:
9283:
9279:
9278:
9276:
9272:
9269:
9265:
9260:
9256:
9253:
9252:United States
9249:
9244:
9240:
9239:
9237:
9233:
9232:
9228:
9225:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9216:
9212:
9205:
9201:
9196:
9192:
9189:
9188:Quáťc dân Äảng
9185:
9184:
9180:
9177:
9173:
9170:
9166:
9163:
9159:
9156:
9152:
9149:
9145:
9142:
9138:
9135:
9131:
9128:
9124:
9121:
9117:
9114:
9110:
9107:
9103:
9100:
9096:
9093:
9089:
9086:
9082:
9077:
9073:
9070:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9059:
9056:
9052:
9049:
9045:
9042:
9038:
9035:
9031:
9028:
9024:
9021:
9017:
9014:
9010:
9007:
9003:
9000:
8996:
8993:
8989:
8986:
8982:
8979:
8975:
8972:
8968:
8965:
8961:
8958:
8954:
8951:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8938:
8931:
8927:
8924:
8920:
8917:
8913:
8910:
8906:
8903:
8899:
8896:
8892:
8889:
8888:Liechtenstein
8885:
8882:
8878:
8875:
8871:
8868:
8864:
8861:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8848:
8841:
8837:
8834:
8830:
8827:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8812:
8808:
8805:
8801:
8798:
8794:
8789:
8785:
8784:
8781:
8777:
8774:
8770:
8767:
8763:
8760:
8756:
8753:
8749:
8746:
8742:
8738:
8734:
8731:
8727:
8724:
8720:
8716:
8712:
8709:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8696:
8689:
8685:
8680:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8672:United States
8669:
8664:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8653:
8650:
8646:
8643:
8639:
8636:
8632:
8629:
8625:
8622:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8603:
8599:
8596:
8592:
8589:
8585:
8582:
8578:
8575:
8571:
8568:
8564:
8561:
8557:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8542:
8538:
8535:
8531:
8528:
8524:
8521:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8487:
8483:
8480:
8476:
8473:
8469:
8466:
8462:
8459:
8455:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8433:
8429:
8426:
8422:
8419:
8415:
8412:
8408:
8407:
8405:
8403:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8390:
8377:
8373:
8370:
8366:
8363:
8362:Comfort women
8359:
8356:
8352:
8349:
8346: /
8345:
8341:
8338:
8335: /
8334:
8331: /
8330:
8326:
8323:
8322:Camp brothels
8319:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8307:
8304:
8300:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8277:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8247:
8244:
8240:
8235:
8231:
8226:
8222:
8219:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8211:The Holocaust
8208:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8197:forced labour
8194:
8193:
8191:
8187:
8182:
8178:
8175:
8171:
8168:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8157:
8156:
8154:
8152:
8148:
8141:
8137:
8134:
8130:
8127:
8123:
8118:
8114:
8111:
8107:
8104:
8100:
8097:
8093:
8092:
8090:
8086:
8083:
8082:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8068:
8065:
8061:
8058:
8054:
8051:
8050:Marshall Plan
8047:
8044:
8043:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8003:
8000:
7996:
7993:
7989:
7986:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7973:
7966:
7962:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7946:
7943:
7939:
7934:
7930:
7927:
7923:
7920:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7909:
7904:
7903:Eastern Front
7900:
7897:
7896:Western Front
7893:
7892:
7890:
7886:
7881:
7877:
7874:
7870:
7867:
7863:
7860:
7856:
7853:
7849:
7846:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7830:
7826:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7798:
7794:
7791:
7790:Puppet states
7787:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7773:
7768:
7764:
7761:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7747:
7743:
7740:
7736:
7733:
7732:Naval history
7729:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7708:
7703:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7685:
7680:
7679:United States
7676:
7673:
7669:
7666:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7652:
7648:
7645:
7641:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7627:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7613:
7608:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7563:
7558:
7554:
7551:
7547:
7544:
7540:
7539:
7535:
7530:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7519:
7516:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7504:
7497:
7492:
7490:
7485:
7483:
7478:
7477:
7474:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7359:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7310:
7306:
7301:
7295:
7285:
7282:
7279:
7275:
7272:
7269:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7211:
7206:
7204:
7199:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7184:
7181:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7101:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7084:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7033:
7031:0-300-10373-5
7027:
7023:
7018:
7014:
7012:1-59114-096-X
7008:
7004:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6985:
6980:
6979:
6960:
6956:
6951:
6940:
6936:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6911:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6817:
6815:1-84574-060-2
6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6794:
6790:
6788:9780195852875
6784:
6780:
6775:
6771:
6765:
6761:
6756:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6722:
6721:
6716:
6715:Stacey, C. P.
6712:
6708:
6706:0-88920-362-8
6702:
6698:
6693:
6689:
6683:
6679:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6644:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6629:9789620413728
6625:
6621:
6616:
6605:
6601:
6594:
6593:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6572:
6571:
6564:
6560:
6554:
6550:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6531:
6526:
6522:
6520:9789888208715
6516:
6512:
6507:
6503:
6497:
6493:
6488:
6484:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6465:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6433:
6429:
6423:
6417:, p. 85.
6416:
6411:
6403:
6397:
6393:
6386:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6356:
6348:
6344:
6338:
6331:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6307:
6302:
6295:
6290:
6283:
6278:
6271:
6266:
6259:
6254:
6247:
6242:
6226:
6220:
6204:
6198:
6191:
6186:
6179:
6174:
6167:
6162:
6155:
6150:
6143:
6138:
6131:
6126:
6119:
6114:
6107:
6102:
6095:
6090:
6083:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6066:
6061:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6028:
6021:
6016:
6009:
6004:
5988:
5985:
5979:
5973:, p. 70.
5972:
5967:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5928:
5921:
5916:
5909:
5904:
5896:
5890:
5884:, p. 41.
5883:
5878:
5872:, p. 79.
5871:
5866:
5864:
5857:, p. 78.
5856:
5851:
5844:
5839:
5833:, p. 77.
5832:
5827:
5820:
5815:
5808:
5803:
5796:
5791:
5785:, p. 75.
5784:
5779:
5777:
5769:
5764:
5757:
5752:
5746:, p. 69.
5745:
5740:
5733:
5728:
5722:, p. 39.
5721:
5716:
5709:
5704:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5680:, p. xv.
5679:
5674:
5668:, WO235/1030.
5667:
5662:
5660:
5653:, p. 89.
5652:
5647:
5640:
5635:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5602:
5596:
5592:
5585:
5577:
5571:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5548:
5541:
5536:
5529:
5524:
5517:
5512:
5504:
5497:
5485:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5462:
5454:
5448:
5444:
5437:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5406:, p. 47.
5405:
5400:
5393:
5388:
5382:, p. 63.
5381:
5376:
5369:
5364:
5358:, p. 43.
5357:
5352:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5286:
5280:
5279:Hugh L. Woods
5275:
5269:
5264:
5258:
5253:
5246:
5241:
5235:, p. 39.
5234:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5216:, p. 38.
5215:
5210:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:, p. 37.
5179:
5174:
5172:
5163:
5157:
5153:
5146:
5130:
5124:
5108:
5102:
5096:, p. 54.
5095:
5090:
5084:, p. 48.
5083:
5078:
5076:
5068:
5063:
5061:
5044:
5040:
5034:
5028:, p. 23.
5027:
5022:
5015:
5010:
5003:
4998:
4991:
4986:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4943:
4937:
4929:
4923:
4919:
4912:
4906:, p. 41.
4905:
4900:
4894:, p. 32.
4893:
4888:
4882:, p. 67.
4881:
4876:
4869:
4864:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4821:
4814:
4810:
4805:
4789:
4785:
4778:
4772:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4739:
4732:
4727:
4711:
4707:
4700:
4694:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4645:
4641:
4634:
4628:
4612:
4608:
4601:
4595:
4579:
4575:
4568:
4562:
4555:
4550:
4543:
4538:
4522:
4515:
4509:
4501:
4497:
4494:(4): 3â5, 7.
4493:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4427:
4421:, p. 35.
4420:
4415:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4369:
4364:
4357:
4356:Ishiwari 1956
4352:
4345:
4340:
4333:
4332:Banham (2003)
4328:
4312:
4308:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4264:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4231:
4216:
4211:
4204:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4180:
4177:
4170:
4165:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:Urban Council
4114:
4110:
4106:
4099:Commemoration
4093:
4089:
4088:Mateen Ansari
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4068:Lance Newnham
4065:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4010:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3859:Tang Shiu-kin
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3780:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3754:This section
3752:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3734:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3704:Yokohama Camp
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3552:Leighton Hill
3548:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3530:Victoria Park
3526:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3429:Electric Road
3426:
3423:led by Major
3422:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:9.2-inch guns
3374:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3355:Cedric Wallis
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3284:
3283:Tsim Sha Tsui
3278:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:Tai Shui Hang
3110:
3106:
3105:Chek Nai Ping
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3022:
3014:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2925:Royal Marines
2922:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2883:New Brunswick
2880:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:supernumerary
2865:
2864:
2863:Prince Robert
2859:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2825:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:SyriaâLebanon
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:Pacific Ocean
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:Eastern Front
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:Western Front
2169:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2115:Campaigns of
2109:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:TaishĹ period
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Ryukyu (1879)
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Taiwan (1874)
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:Kuril Islands
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:North America
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:Borneo (1945)
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1557:Bay of Bengal
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Central Hubei
1215:
1213:
1212:North Vietnam
1210:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:South Guangxi
1154:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:TianjinâPukou
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
994:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
970:
969:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
909:Lytton Report
907:
906:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
888:
882:
871:
866:
864:
859:
857:
852:
851:
848:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:
705:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
613:Western Hubei
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
599:
598:
592:
589:
587:
586:Central Hubei
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
556:South Guangxi
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
537:
532:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
503:
502:
499:
487:
483:
478:2,079 wounded
475:
473:5 planes lost
461:2,300 wounded
458:
457:
452:
447:
446:torpedo boats
435:
433:
426:
416:
415:
410:
404:
394:
392:
382:
379:
368:
366:
365:Takashi Sakai
356:
355:
353:
348:
338:
336:
326:
324:
322:
316:
306:
301:
295:
294:Cedric Wallis
284:
279:
273:
262:
257:
251:
240:
239:
237:
236:
231:
228:
227:
215:
213:
200:
187:
172:
160:
157:
145:
143:
132:
131:
129:
128:
116:
115:
110:
103:
100:
95:
94:
90:
87:
86:
82:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:
58:Tsim Sha Tsui
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
11444:Demographics
11339:Architecture
11316:Prostitution
11098:Legal system
11088:Independence
11000:Marine parks
10861:
10744:Bibliography
10727:
10540:Project Hula
10505:VistulaâOder
10474:
10407:
10398:
10382:
10352:
10301:
10285:
10276:
10267:
10233:
10130:
10045:
10021:
9991:
9822:
9742:
9635:
9580:North Africa
9282:Soviet Union
9236:Soviet Union
9162:Soviet Union
8930:Vatican City
8840:Vichy France
8745:German Reich
8642:Soviet Union
8628:South Africa
8621:Sierra Leone
8574:Newfoundland
8393:Participants
8376:Marocchinate
8080:
8071:
8041:
7919:North Africa
7880:Indian Ocean
7739:Nazi plunder
7630:Cryptography
7503:World War II
7233:
7153:
7132:. Retrieved
7128:the original
7090:the original
7021:
7002:
6983:
6962:. Retrieved
6958:
6942:. Retrieved
6938:
6926:
6925:
6908:
6900:
6899:
6863:(1): 43â61.
6860:
6856:
6842:(2): 65â80.
6839:
6835:
6823:
6822:
6801:
6778:
6759:
6747:. Retrieved
6740:the original
6719:
6696:
6677:
6660:
6638:
6619:
6607:. Retrieved
6591:
6569:
6548:
6529:
6510:
6491:
6482:
6463:
6455:
6454:
6450:Bibliography
6436:. Retrieved
6431:
6422:
6410:
6391:
6385:
6373:. Retrieved
6369:the original
6364:
6355:
6346:
6337:
6325:
6313:
6301:
6289:
6277:
6265:
6253:
6241:
6229:. Retrieved
6219:
6207:. Retrieved
6197:
6185:
6173:
6161:
6149:
6137:
6125:
6113:
6101:
6089:
6082:Carroll 2007
6067:, p. 2.
6060:
6038:
6027:
6015:
6003:
5991:. Retrieved
5986:
5978:
5966:
5952:: 41. 2008.
5949:
5945:
5939:
5932:Carroll 2007
5927:
5915:
5903:
5889:
5877:
5850:
5838:
5826:
5814:
5802:
5790:
5763:
5751:
5739:
5727:
5715:
5703:
5694:
5685:
5673:
5646:
5634:
5622:. Retrieved
5618:
5609:
5590:
5584:
5565:
5559:
5547:
5535:
5523:
5511:
5467:
5461:
5442:
5436:
5424:. Retrieved
5420:
5411:
5399:
5387:
5375:
5363:
5351:
5340:
5334:P.W. Kessler
5329:
5318:
5307:
5296:
5285:
5274:
5263:
5252:
5240:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5151:
5145:
5133:. Retrieved
5123:
5111:. Retrieved
5101:
5089:
5047:. Retrieved
5042:
5033:
5021:
5009:
4997:
4985:
4973:
4956:
4950:
4917:
4911:
4899:
4887:
4875:
4863:
4851:. Retrieved
4847:the original
4842:
4832:
4820:
4804:
4792:. Retrieved
4787:
4783:
4771:
4759:. Retrieved
4754:
4750:
4738:
4731:Stewart 2020
4726:
4714:. Retrieved
4709:
4705:
4693:
4681:. Retrieved
4676:
4672:
4660:
4648:. Retrieved
4643:
4639:
4627:
4615:. Retrieved
4610:
4606:
4594:
4582:. Retrieved
4577:
4573:
4561:
4549:
4537:
4525:. Retrieved
4520:
4508:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4469:the original
4453:
4446:
4432:
4426:
4414:
4387:
4375:
4363:
4351:
4339:
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4310:
4306:
4294:
4283:
4263:
4250:
4234:
4190:
4126:
4102:
4092:George Cross
4080:George Cross
4072:Douglas Ford
4061:Dickin Medal
4042:
4013:
4006:
4000:
3783:
3777:January 2020
3774:
3763:Please help
3758:verification
3755:
3728:
3721:
3710:Fukuoka Camp
3688:for officers
3671:
3659:
3635:Crown Colony
3623:
3608:
3587:Mount Parish
3564:
3556:
3547:Stanley Fort
3534:
3521:
3512:
3509:Shouson Hill
3497:
3493:
3481:
3477:
3469:Green Island
3466:
3457:
3445:Shau Kei Wan
3437:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3343:Magazine Gap
3337:, Mt Davis,
3323:Causeway Bay
3312:
3292:
3279:
3271:Lamma Island
3268:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3207:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3171:
3155:
3144:
3143:flying boat
3133:
3081:
3038:5/7th Rajput
3027:
2993:
2978:
2975:Other forces
2943:
2932:
2928:
2916:
2898:
2876:
2862:
2852:
2830:
2805:, Belchers,
2803:Mount Parker
2784:
2755:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2615:
2568:
2548:
2524:Crown colony
2512:World War II
2503:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2434:
2433:
2422:Indian Ocean
2383:EcuadorâPeru
2371:
2370:
2340:Middle East
2314:North Africa
2302:
2301:
2241:Asia-Pacific
2239:
2238:
2126:
2117:World War II
2051:ShĹwa period
2049:
2048:
2025:
2024:
2019:Korea (1910)
1978:Meiji period
1976:
1919:
1918:
1893:
1873:
1839:
1786:
1781:Project Hula
1766:Fort Stevens
1695:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1595:
1509:Ocean Island
1472:
1462:Pearl Harbor
1378:
1364:
1355:4th Changsha
1346:
1345:
1338:
1319:
1312:
1293:
1261:3rd Changsha
1259:
1254:2nd Changsha
1252:
1247:South Shanxi
1245:
1238:
1226:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1177:West Suiyuan
1169:
1155:
1150:1st Changsha
1148:
1134:
1127:
1096:
1089:
1053:
1039:
1028:Pingxingguan
1020:
993:2nd Shanghai
991:
938:1st Shanghai
825:Fort Stevens
703:
702:
698:3rd Changsha
683:Indian Ocean
647:
638:Pearl Harbor
628:2nd Changsha
623:South Shanxi
596:
595:
561:West Suiyuan
540:
489:4,000 killed
485:
442:3 destroyers
320:
216:
117:
112:Belligerents
44:World War II
38:Part of the
25:
11496:Anglosphere
11108:LGBT rights
10850:1800sâ1930s
10828:Prehistoric
10475:Bodenplatte
10361:Gothic Line
9587:West Africa
9134:Philippines
9113:Netherlands
8978:Czech lands
8916:Switzerland
8860:Afghanistan
8811:Philippines
8679:Puerto Rico
8595:Philippines
8581:New Zealand
8567:Netherlands
8520:Free France
8271:Prosecution
8072:Osoaviakhim
7942:West Africa
7926:East Africa
7573:Conferences
7309:Philippines
7175: /
7163:114°09â˛40âłE
7118:Tony Banham
6910:Japan Times
6749:12 December
6415:Turner 2010
6294:Roland 2001
6270:Banham 2005
6190:Banham 2005
6142:Banham 2005
6094:Roland 2001
6020:Stacey 1956
6008:Banham 2005
5843:Roland 2016
5666:Linton 2017
5492:|work=
5135:17 November
5113:17 November
5014:Stacey 1956
5002:Stacey 1956
4990:Stacey 1956
4978:Banham 2005
4853:30 November
4809:Roland 2001
4794:29 November
4761:29 November
4716:29 November
4683:29 November
4650:29 November
4617:29 November
4584:29 November
4527:30 November
4407:Harris 2005
4380:Banham 2005
4344:Banham 2005
4334:, pp 330-33
4317:29 November
4145:Eu Tong Sen
3589:and out of
3573:and in the
3560:Mount Gough
3505:Violet Hill
3501:Repulse Bay
3473:Kowloon Bay
3433:King's Road
3412:Aldrich Bay
3359:Tai Tam Gap
3275:Ap Lei Chau
3256:Ma Yau Tong
3244:Golden Hill
3229:Sun Yat-sen
3187:Jubilee Dam
3163:Tai Po Road
3159:Grassy Hill
3129:Needle Hill
3117:Lok Ma Chau
3107:and across
3101:Sha Tau Kok
3097:Tai Mo Shan
3066:Radio Tokyo
3046:Sheung Shui
3034:14th Punjab
3030:Royal Scots
2996:Free French
2994:A squad of
2985:Andrew Chan
2950:RAF Kai Tak
2807:Mount Davis
2795:Lyemun fort
2791:Pak Sha Wan
2750:Mount Davis
2736:Indian Army
2634:Philippines
2508:Pacific War
2405:Air Warfare
2319:East Africa
1906:Mutanchiang
1727:New Britain
1443:Pacific War
1287:Yenangyaung
1228:South Henan
1222:South Anhui
1163:Kunlun Pass
1061:Taierzhuang
835:Mount Emily
755:Operation K
668:Sand Island
653:Philippines
608:South Henan
591:North China
471:3 MTBs sunk
428:1 minelayer
421:1 destroyer
335:Andrew Chan
212:Free France
96:Territorial
11523:Categories
11506:Sinosphere
11491:Visual art
11486:Television
11409:Literature
11212:Employment
11206:(currency)
11171:Healthcare
11083:Government
11015:Reservoirs
10575:West Hunan
10408:Pointblank
9744:Silver Fox
9730:Summer War
9483:Winter War
9462:Phoney War
9243:Azerbaijan
9204:Yugoslavia
9099:Luxembourg
8941:Resistance
8688:Yugoslavia
8553:Luxembourg
8355:Sook Ching
8151:War crimes
7753:Technology
7746:Opposition
7688:Lend-Lease
7665:Australian
7658:Home front
7616:Blitzkrieg
7566:Casualties
7557:Commanders
7529:Operations
7160:22°16â˛57âłN
6901:Newspapers
6473:9622097804
6438:11 October
6318:Kwong 2021
6306:Kwong 2021
6282:Kwong 2021
6258:Kwong 2021
6246:Kwong 2021
6178:Kwong 2021
6166:Kwong 2021
6154:Kwong 2021
6130:Kwong 2021
6118:Kwong 2021
6106:Kwong 2021
5971:Horne 2004
5920:Carew 1960
5345:S.E. Scott
4904:White 1994
4892:White 1994
4880:Macri 2011
4811:, p.
4554:Macri 2011
4542:Horne 2004
4368:Carew 1960
4070:, Captain
3980:See also:
3826:A British
3716:Osaka Camp
3646:Casualties
3383:Pok Fu Lam
3287:Star Ferry
2965:Kota Bharu
2921:Flotilla.
2913:Royal Navy
2861:HMCS
2797:, Saiwan,
2565:Background
2446:Yugoslavia
2427:Madagascar
2390:Antarctica
2361:Dodecanese
2181:Resistance
2149:Winter War
2139:Phoney War
1851:Sagami Bay
1840:Starvation
1722:New Guinea
1380:West Hunan
1332:Mount Song
1314:West Hubei
1234:West Hubei
1109:Wenxi fire
1104:Wanjialing
953:Great Wall
800:Madagascar
720:New Guinea
581:Kaimingjie
476:675 killed
449:3 gunboats
250:Mark Young
11434:Ngai jong
11394:Languages
11252:Transport
11237:The Hongs
11199:Companies
11156:Education
11093:Judiciary
11063:Elections
11058:Districts
11048:Basic Law
10922:Geography
10794:Hong Kong
10640:Manchuria
10526:Indochina
10302:Bagration
9753:Lithuania
9398:Anschluss
9195:Viet Minh
9092:Lithuania
9034:Hong Kong
8804:Manchukuo
8759:Azad Hind
8418:Australia
8218:Aftermath
8081:Paperclip
7976:Aftermath
7776:Total war
7644:Diplomacy
7607:In Europe
7086: PDF
6919:0289-1956
6893:159971599
6877:0022-0094
6848:1195-8472
6736:917731527
6717:(1956) .
6604:938077822
5958:1991-7295
5494:ignored (
5484:cite book
5191:UTCâ10:30
4965:0306-154X
4936:cite book
4500:1195-8472
4392:Fung 2005
4276:Footnotes
4024:Dongjiang
3641:Aftermath
3335:High West
3221:Chongqing
3195:HMS
3125:Lam Tsuen
3109:Tide Cove
3089:Yuen Long
2989:Henry Hsu
2905:, in the
2849:troopship
2630:Singapore
2546:(HKVDC).
2528:Hong Kong
2297:Australia
2193:Alps 1940
2186:1944â1945
1895:Kantokuen
1802:Air raids
1717:Australia
1707:Coral Sea
1601:Singapore
1596:Hong Kong
1327:Myitkyina
1307:1943â1945
1190:1940â1942
1085:Chongqing
971:1937â1939
916:Jiangqiao
899:Manchuria
830:Dureenbee
820:Newcastle
785:Coral Sea
730:Singapore
648:Hong Kong
551:Chongqing
546:Manchukuo
531:1940â1942
440:1 cruiser
438:47 planes
347:Henry Hsu
156:Hong Kong
11476:Shopping
11466:Religion
11369:Graffiti
11364:Gambling
11260:Airlines
11128:Protests
11113:Military
11035:Politics
11025:Villages
10985:Harbours
10960:Channels
10751:Category
10700:document
10610:document
10467:Ardennes
10451:Budapest
10399:Crossbow
10277:Overlord
10116:Smolensk
9334:Timeline
9169:Slovakia
9155:Thailand
9006:Ethiopia
8971:Bulgaria
8895:Portugal
8833:Thailand
8715:Bulgaria
8493:Eswatini
8486:Ethiopia
8439:Bulgaria
8264:Unit 731
8225:Response
8042:Keelhaul
7992:Cold War
7965:Americas
7956:timeline
7949:Atlantic
7829:Theaters
7134:21 March
7070:Archived
6944:18 March
6927:Websites
6824:Journals
6669:59637091
6659:(1951).
6432:CWGC.org
6050:Archived
4105:Cenotaph
4086:Captain
4066:Colonel
3996:trenches
3941:rampage.
3718:in Japan
3712:in Japan
3706:in Japan
3665:and the
3615:Mirs Bay
3525:Red Hill
3416:Victoria
3367:Tai Hang
3217:Nanxiong
3208:Thracian
3200:and HMS
3165:towards
3103:towards
3074:Governor
2899:San Jose
2856:and the
2845:Manitoba
2718:Canadian
2540:Canadian
2502:and the
2466:Bulgaria
2395:Atlantic
2378:Americas
2331:Adriatic
1913:Chongjin
1874:Downfall
1812:Yokosuka
1629:Tiderace
1586:Thailand
1360:Hengyang
1240:Shanggao
1129:Nanchang
1047:Massacre
775:Solomons
643:Thailand
618:Shanggao
603:Panjiayu
425:gunboats
419:5 planes
412:Strength
76:Location
11424:Museums
11359:Cuisine
11331:Culture
11304:Society
11280:Ferries
11275:Cycling
11265:Airport
11242:Tourism
11217:Hawkers
11204:Dollar
11186:Economy
10975:Ecology
10950:Beaches
10820:History
10805:Outline
10677:Shumshu
10444:Hungary
10391:Estonia
10375:Lapland
10353:Dragoon
10286:Neptune
10268:Ichi-Go
10234:Tempest
10176:Changde
10131:Cottage
10023:Jubilee
9739:Finland
9637:Compass
9343:Prelude
9296:Finland
9182:Vietnam
9148:Romania
9020:Germany
8999:Estonia
8985:Denmark
8964:Belgium
8957:Austria
8950:Albania
8881:Ireland
8867:Andorra
8851:Neutral
8818:Romania
8752:Hungary
8737:Finland
8609:Romania
8501:Finland
8479:Denmark
8425:Belgium
8411:Algeria
8117:Romania
8103:Hungary
7859:Pacific
7583:General
7537:Leaders
7522:Battles
7515:Outline
7409:Related
7098:at the
7081:at the
6964:4 April
6800:(ed.).
6678:Traitor
6609:30 July
6375:21 June
6065:AP 2011
5993:20 June
5624:20 June
5426:20 June
4109:Central
3946:Kowloon
3905:killed.
3828:pillbox
3408:Sai Wan
3371:Stanley
3331:Wanchai
3167:Sha Tin
2981:Chinese
2887:Jamaica
2819:C Force
2678:British
2632:or the
2622:Kowloon
2607:outpost
2597:of the
2551:Kowloon
2532:British
2471:Hungary
2461:Romania
2310:Africa
2210:Balkans
2205:Britain
2159:Lapland
2154:Karelia
2144:Finland
1866:Shumshu
1751:Ellwood
1616:Vietnam
1400:Taihoku
1393:Air War
1386:Guangxi
1348:Ichi-Go
1340:Changde
1282:Toungoo
1272:Tachiao
1073:Lanfeng
1041:Nanking
1022:Taiyuan
963:Suiyuan
926:Jinzhou
740:Ellwood
321:†
98:changes
11439:People
11414:McDull
11349:Comics
11344:Cinema
11176:Police
11068:Emblem
11020:Rivers
10654:Debate
10626:Taipei
10619:Borneo
10197:Tarawa
9391:Europe
9352:Africa
9141:Poland
9127:Norway
9106:Malaya
9085:Latvia
9027:Greece
9013:France
8909:Sweden
8874:Bhutan
8602:Poland
8588:Norway
8560:Mexico
8527:Greece
8513:France
8451:Canada
8432:Brazil
8402:Allies
8348:Serbia
8337:Poland
8110:Poland
8096:Baltic
7889:Europe
7591:Topics
7543:Allied
7362:Malaya
7222:Topics
7144:1941."
7028:
7009:
6990:
6917:
6891:
6885:261075
6883:
6875:
6846:
6812:
6785:
6766:
6734:
6703:
6684:
6667:
6645:
6626:
6602:
6578:
6555:
6536:
6517:
6498:
6470:
6398:
6231:5 July
6209:5 July
5956:
5597:
5572:
5476:205901
5474:
5449:
5158:
5049:27 May
4963:
4924:
4498:
4461:
4268:Scott.
4242:, the
4083:squad.
4055:was a
4053:Gander
4039:Awards
3912:14 at
3818:Corps.
3814:(ARP).
3585:, off
3513:Cicala
3252:Jordan
3248:Cicala
3197:Thanet
3178:Fo Tan
3070:Maltby
3050:Tai Po
3003:Battle
2969:Malaya
2903:Manila
2895:3-inch
2891:2-inch
2853:Awatea
2843:(from
2837:Quebec
2835:(from
2767:Dogras
2721:1982
2705:2112
2697:2254
2694:Indian
2689:2428
2681:3652
2673:14564
2593:, the
2579:Canton
2536:Indian
2400:Arctic
2232:Sicily
2134:Poland
2128:Europe
1636:Zipper
1622:Jurist
1591:Malaya
1550:Ceylon
1484:Midway
1277:Oktwin
1182:Wuyuan
1142:Swatow
1121:Hainan
1116:Canton
1055:Xuzhou
1033:Xinkou
987:Chahar
931:Harbin
904:Mukden
815:Sydney
810:Midway
780:Tulagi
770:Ceylon
745:Broome
735:Darwin
688:Borneo
673:Niihau
633:Malaya
566:Wuyuan
317:
297:
275:
253:
223:
209:
196:
186:Canada
183:
168:
153:
139:
124:
88:Result
11481:Sport
11454:Youth
11449:Women
11429:Music
11419:Media
11311:Crime
11295:Taxis
11270:Buses
11194:Banks
10995:Lakes
10940:Areas
10912:2020s
10907:2010s
10902:2000s
10892:1990s
10887:1980s
10882:1970s
10877:1960s
10872:1950s
10430:Leyte
10260:Narva
10246:Anzio
10204:Makin
10162:Burma
10046:Torch
10015:Rzhev
9976:Kiska
9062:Korea
9048:Japan
9041:Italy
8923:Tibet
8902:Spain
8780:Italy
8541:Italy
8534:India
8458:China
8333:Japan
7933:Italy
7845:China
7797:Women
7268:Burma
6889:S2CID
6881:JSTOR
6743:(PDF)
6724:(PDF)
6596:(PDF)
6456:Books
4788:38183
4780:(PDF)
4755:38183
4747:(PDF)
4710:38183
4702:(PDF)
4677:38183
4669:(PDF)
4644:38183
4636:(PDF)
4611:38183
4603:(PDF)
4578:38183
4570:(PDF)
4517:(PDF)
4311:38183
4303:(PDF)
4226:Notes
3963:amahs
3830:near
3293:Tamar
3202:Scout
3121:Lo Wu
3077:Young
2933:Tamar
2729:136
2713:1787
2481:Japan
2456:Italy
2435:Coups
2336:Malta
2280:Japan
2248:China
2227:Italy
1807:Tokyo
1795:Japan
1712:Timor
1098:Wuhan
715:Burma
710:Timor
226:Japan
199:China
171:India
11501:CJKV
11471:RTHK
11399:LGBT
11290:Rail
11222:Port
11073:Flag
10945:Bays
10496:1945
10224:1944
10065:1943
9993:Blue
9983:Attu
9890:1942
9649:1941
9501:1940
9439:1939
9368:Asia
9215:POWs
9055:Jews
8773:Iraq
8699:Axis
8649:Tuva
8465:Cuba
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