3247:
2611:
4464:
2664:
3413:
2519:
5603:
5246:
2933:
3860:
3288:
861:
4481:
2220:
5087:
4922:
584:
5506:
2985:
2770:
5526:
3170:
2426:
2180:
5063:
4982:
1810:
1005:
5414:
2890:
835:
5030:
1612:
649:
3920:
2259:
4528:
874:
4962:
4708:
1523:
610:
571:
1044:
5567:
2246:
663:
4336:
822:
4768:
939:
4388:
2031:
1122:
4188:
768:
5546:
2098:
2399:
3105:
2875:
2783:
5075:
4552:
3481:
3234:
2329:
2085:
1638:
5466:
5050:
4252:
3702:
3633:
3360:
1836:
1771:
848:
781:
597:
4572:
2347:
255:
4844:
4648:
4208:
4148:
3796:
3648:
2904:
2809:
2796:
2731:
2532:
2506:
2373:
2290:
2058:
2044:
1784:
1109:
3981:
2822:
2584:
1849:
1497:
742:
4628:
4280:
3688:
2677:
2571:
1966:
5582:
5187:
4898:
4064:
2124:
1901:
1875:
1693:
1445:
1148:
1222:
5202:
5102:
4797:
2597:
2233:
2150:
2018:
1888:
1573:
1261:
1235:
1174:
1018:
755:
636:
5354:
4693:
4676:
4440:
3896:
3208:
2946:
2638:
2386:
2207:
1940:
1758:
1599:
1471:
1161:
913:
3964:
1057:
5330:
4732:
4228:
3820:
3561:
3336:
3053:
2744:
2690:
2412:
2194:
1979:
1914:
1823:
1719:
1326:
1209:
1096:
1083:
1070:
1031:
703:
690:
558:
5446:
5283:
4942:
4016:
3940:
3434:
3131:
2835:
2718:
2651:
2493:
2316:
2111:
1536:
1510:
1419:
1287:
1248:
1196:
729:
677:
76:
4753:
4496:
4084:
3195:
3118:
3092:
3079:
2072:
1797:
1586:
1406:
1365:
1135:
926:
623:
5271:
5226:
4304:
4040:
3521:
3066:
2440:
2303:
2137:
2005:
1953:
1927:
1680:
1392:
1313:
809:
5486:
5431:
3661:
3601:
3501:
1484:
5310:
5259:
4813:
4168:
3840:
3715:
3674:
3581:
3157:
3144:
2545:
2360:
2272:
1992:
1862:
1745:
1706:
1625:
1458:
1432:
5122:
1300:
4785:
3221:
3312:
1274:
178:
35:
5166:
4364:
3541:
3384:
3006:
2848:
2757:
1352:
795:
900:
5006:
4420:
2625:
1732:
5374:
3996:
2861:
2558:
5295:
4108:
1378:
5142:
4600:
4128:
1339:
887:
716:
7004:
some authors have inserted distinctive features into their analytical approaches, at the same time maintaining the general dichotomy. Maurice
Duverger, trying to explain the French Fifth Republic, found that this dichotomy was not adequate for this purpose. He therefore resorted to the concept of 'semi-presidential government': The characteristics of the concept are (Duverger 1974: 122, 1978: 28, 1980: 166):
6176:, on the grounds of appointment to work in a certain capacity in the service of the Holy See and usually ceases upon cessation of the appointment. Citizenship is also extended to the spouse and children of a citizen, provided they are living together in the city; in practice, these are few in number, since the bulk of Vatican citizens are
2473:, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature. It differs from a parliamentary system in that it has an executive president independent from the legislature; and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a
7204:
powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in
Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal. In these cases, while the government is fully accountable to Parliament, it cannot legislate without taking the potentially different policy preferences of the president into account.
7110:
power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard, he recognizes
Duverger's
5953:
Per the
Constitution, Kiribati's president is elected by plurality voting after candidates for the presidency are nominated by the newly elected legislature. If a vote of no confidence against the president is successful, they are removed from office and the legislature stands dissolved (triggering a
7109:
Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of
7003:
The conventional analysis of government in democratic countries by political science and constitutional law starts from the traditional types of presidentialism and parliamentarism. There is, however, a general consensus that governments in the various countries work quite differently. This is why
1560:
is either elected by the legislature or by the voters from among candidates nominated by the legislature (in the case of
Kiribati), and they must maintain the confidence of the legislature to remain in office. In effect, "presidents" in this system function the same as prime ministers do in other
7203:
Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in
Duverger's sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people's elected agent. Such
6860:
The concept of a semi-presidential form of government, as used here, is defined only by the content of the constitution. A political regime is considered semi-presidential if the constitution which established it combines three elements: (1) the president of the republic is elected by universal
7939: 2012-11-29. "Taking into consideration that the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, in accordance with a decision by the Palestine National Council, is entrusted with the powers and responsibilities of the Provisional Government of the State of Palestine"
7496:
In China, the political job that matters most is the general secretary of the
Communist Party. The party controls the military and domestic security forces and sets the policies that the government carries out. China's presidency lacks the authority of the American and French
2170:
The following countries have presidential systems where the post of prime minister (official title may vary) exists alongside that of the president. The president is still both the head of state and government and the prime minister's role is mostly to assist the president.
2924:
A combined head of state and head of government (usually titled president) is elected by the legislature but is not held accountable to it (as is their cabinet), thus acting more independently from the legislature. They may or may not also hold a seat in the legislature.
6923:
972:
and (in full parliamentary republics) is separate from the head of government, serving a largely apolitical, ceremonial role. In these systems, the head of government is usually called the prime minister, chancellor or premier. In mixed republican systems and
6861:
suffrage, (2) he possesses quite considerable powers; (3) he has opposite him, however, a prime minister and ministers who possess executive and governmental power and can stay in office only if the parliament does not show its opposition to them.
5954:
new election for it) in the interim a body known as the "Council of State" (comprising the chief justice, the president of the public service commission and speaker of the legislature) serves the functions of the presidency.
7459:
5944:
The president is constitutionally obligated to dissolve parliament after a successful no-confidence motion against the government (article 106(6)) and new elections are called within 3 months (article 61).
6136:, a seven-member executive council which acts as both the head of state and the head of government, with the position traditionally rotating yearly among the members of the council in order of seniority.
5673:
1667:, and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. There is generally no prime minister, although if one exists, in most cases they serve purely at the discretion of the president.
7823:
550:
who normally only exercises their powers with the consent of the government, the people and/or their representatives (except in emergencies, e.g. a constitutional crisis or a political deadlock).
2967:, a council jointly exercises the powers and ceremonial roles of both the head of state and the head of government collectively. The council is elected by the parliament but is not subject to
3187:
Specifically, monarchies in which the monarch's exercise of power is unconstrained by any substantive constitutional law. The monarch acts as both head of state and head of government.
5911:), much like a prime minister. If a vote of no confidence is successful and they do not resign, it triggers the dissolution of the legislature and new elections (per section 92 of the
6145:
A federal absolute monarchy in which, different monarchies, or in this case, sheikhdoms fulfill both the duty of president and prime minister, although in actuality they are monarchs.
3882:
6067:
3758:(sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. Of the 193
5800:
In many cases, the
Governor-General or monarch has a lot more theoretical, or constitutional, powers than they actually exercise, except on the advice of elected officials, per
7651:
7349:
980:
In some full parliamentary systems, the head of state is directly elected by voters. Under other classification systems, however, these systems may instead be classed as
7010:
3. he has opposite him a prime minister who possesses executive and governmental powers and can stay in office only if parliament does not express its opposition to him.
6166:. His power within the Vatican City State is unlimited by any constitution; however, as all its citizens and its residents are ordained Catholic clergy, members of the
542:, while in other cases the executive branch is clearly separated from legislature (although the entire cabinet or individual ministers must step down in the case of a
93:
48:
7483:
4406:
7900:
5623:
7701:
7644:
5874:
Despite having a collective head of state, Bosnia and
Herzegovina's head of state is ceremonial, and as such is not executively governed by a directorial system.
988:
with presidents being purely ceremonial and neutral with no broad powers usually do not have a directly elected head of state and instead often use either an
7815:
6802:
140:
4972:
3045:
The prime minister is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at their own discretion.
112:
5896:
Despite having a collective head of state, San Marino's head of state is ceremonial, and as such is not executively governed by a directorial system.
5812:
of the armed forces), although they seldom ever use this power, except on the advice of elected officials, especially the PM, which makes the PM the
4718:
7341:
6227:
6202:
456:
119:
7217:
6194:
3886:
331:: Executive president is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature
54:
7846:
7537:
3788:
has delegated some of its powers to regional authorities, but where constitutional authority ultimately remains entirely at a national level.
5683:
4992:
4030:
4026:
17:
6043:
5801:
4354:
126:
4198:
3346:
2338:
3473:. Constitutional provisions for government are suspended in these states; constitutional forms of government are stated in parentheses.
7755:
7563:
4474:
108:
7130:
8008:
6177:
5794:(PM) is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. These countries may be known as "
3374:
7950:
4050:
3878:
2710:
In a president-parliamentary system, the prime minister and cabinet are dually accountable to the president and the legislature.
7298:
6977:
6840:
3806:
6075:
6071:
6059:
4586:
7874:
7473:
6121:
5536:
3452:
3350:
7892:
6239:
5678:
5344:
5040:
4932:
4238:
3830:
3759:
3398:
3394:
449:
6914:
6636:
7418:
7369:
6102:
in the additional articles will terminate them in the event of a hypothetical resumption of ROC rule in
Mainland China.
6091:
6079:
5987:
4662:
4510:
3302:
984:
as presidents are always attached to a political party and may have broad powers (despite their weak presidency). Full
133:
6184:. Some individuals are also authorized to reside in the city but do not qualify or choose not to request citizenship.)
5782:
as head of state, who presides over an independent government. The Monarch is titled separately in each country (e.g.
8003:
6932:
5608:
4350:
3850:
3625:
States that have a system of government that is in transition or turmoil. These regimes lack a constitutional basis.
3402:
3326:
239:
221:
159:
62:
6226:
in 2021, the Islamic Republic continues to hold Afghanistan's seat at the United Nations, with the newly reinstated
3770:
States in which most power is exercised by the central government. What local authorities do exist have few powers.
203:
6083:
5364:
4822:
3418:
2524:
866:
195:
4486:
7921:
6243:
5152:
4778:
4614:
4610:
2485:
In a premier-presidential system, the prime minister and cabinet are exclusively accountable to the legislature.
6050:
being the country's leading political figure despite nominally being ranked third according to the Constitution.
7443:
6774:
6724:
6271:
5251:
4454:
3810:
2968:
2938:
523:; the existence of their office and their ability to exercise their authority is established and restrained by
442:
188:
97:
7381:
6809:
6405:
5779:
5456:
4758:
4346:
4322:
3571:
7673:
7259:
Kudelia, Serhiy (4 May 2018). "Presidential activism and government termination in dual-executive Ukraine".
5706:
only to be used in certain circumstances in accordance with their responsibility to defend the constitution.
4469:
2669:
7732:
6674:
6349:
5596:
5216:
4538:
4402:
1660:
969:
7170:
6430:
6377:
6170:, or their immediate family, they arguably have consented to obey the Pope or are minors. (Citizenship is
7998:
6877:
6511:
6007:
5396:
4242:
3874:
3448:
468:
341:: Head of government (president or directory) is elected by the legislature, but is not accountable to it
7786:
6561:
3762:, 126 are governed as centralized unitary states, and an additional 40 are regionalized unitary states.
6611:
6586:
5967:
5928:
4830:
4618:
4410:
4193:
3591:
3491:
3444:
3370:
2466:
328:
6486:
7474:"Ending Term Limits for China's Xi Is a Big Deal. Here's Why. – Is the presidency powerful in China?"
7228:
7060:
6536:
6247:
5805:
5020:
4562:
3014:
combines the forms of a presidential republic, with a president elected by universal suffrage, and a
981:
7166:
7126:
6749:
6308:
7089:
6011:
5991:
5971:
5932:
5912:
5404:
5400:
4746:
4582:
4290:
3930:
2225:
475:
6458:
7327:
6657:
6035:
3906:
3755:
3322:
3298:
2474:
2281:
367:
278:
199:
86:
3272:
whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy (in contrast to states where a
400:: Committee of military leaders controls the government; constitutional provisions are suspended
7224:
6219:
6063:
6039:
5560:
5516:
4987:
4908:
4890:. The central government may or may not be (in theory) a creation of the regional governments.
4638:
4430:
4326:
4262:
4098:
4074:
3019:
1010:
985:
957:
520:
407:
357:
288:
3278:
this fusion is achieved anyway through election fraud or underdeveloped multi-party traditions
7760:
7096:
6163:
6133:
6095:
6047:
5476:
5419:
4854:
4658:
4450:
4218:
4158:
3611:
3551:
3531:
3511:
3277:
3026:. Candidates for both the Assembly of Experts and the presidency are vetted by the appointed
2775:
840:
543:
7114:
as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87).
1186:
7851:
6289:
6003:
5983:
5853:
5729:
5649:
5531:
5176:
4138:
3469:
A committee of the nation's military leaders controls the government for the duration of a
3175:
2470:
1562:
974:
495:
487:
267:
7342:"Chad's Proposed New Constitution: Between Hopes for Refoundation and an Uncertain Future"
6094:
and replaced Legislative Yuan confirmation for Premieral appointments with a conventional
995:
8:
7933:
7141:
6024:
5963:
5924:
5720:
5661:
5592:
5388:
5112:
4826:
4713:
4686:
4506:
4094:
3023:
1656:
1557:
1528:
1088:
576:
304:
7727:
7678:
7276:
6994:
6854:
6835:
6331:
6127:
5809:
5795:
5320:
5212:
4883:
4742:
4615:
15 communities of common-regime, 1 community of chartered regime, 3 chartered provinces
4314:
3974:
3950:
3870:
3785:
3751:
3693:
3470:
3273:
2973:
2964:
1815:
1664:
977:, the head of government also serves as head of state and is usually titled president.
961:
524:
479:
309:
Head of government (president) is popularly elected and independent of the legislature
7816:"Afghan Taliban Administration, Myanmar Junta Not Allowed Into United Nations for Now"
7382:"Micronesia (Federated States of)'s Constitution of 1978 with Amendments through 1990"
7439:
7414:
7280:
6998:
6946:
6938:
6928:
6335:
6327:
6309:"Presidentialism, Parliamentarism and Semi-Presidentialism: Bringing Parties Back In"
6206:
6155:
6090:. The additional articles made the President directly elected by the citizens of the
6031:
5841:
5790:(GG) to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as his representative. The
5783:
5384:
5340:
5132:
4952:
4294:
4178:
4021:
4006:
2977:(first among equals) capacity and has no powers over other members of the directory.
2251:
1292:
989:
377:
7370:
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2017)010-e
4996:
7591:
7538:"Gabon army officers say they have seized power after election in oil-rich country"
7268:
7185:
7040:
6986:
6910:
6849:
6323:
6087:
6082:, which is the ceremonial figurehead of the state. Executive power rested with the
5865:
Collective presidency consisting of three members; one for each major ethnic group.
5787:
5733:
5716:
5657:
5653:
5572:
5236:
5192:
5016:
4834:
4806:
4341:
4270:
4118:
3033:
3027:
1617:
827:
535:
353:
7272:
7618:
7509:
5884:
5849:
5496:
5392:
5180:
5156:
4886:
shares power with regional governments with which it has legal or constitutional
4533:
4374:
3424:
3269:
2971:
during its fixed term. The president is a member of the directorial council in a
2616:
1127:
879:
387:
272:
Head of government is elected or nominated by and accountable to the legislature
7190:
7045:
7028:
7478:
7085:
6972:
6873:
6181:
5791:
5629:
4858:
4773:
3779:
3747:
3022:
who is ultimately responsible for state policy, chosen for life by the elected
1049:
964:
is selected or nominated by the legislature and is also accountable to it. The
944:
531:
499:
397:
6975:(October 1998). "Duverger's concept: Semi-presidential government revisited".
7992:
6950:
6942:
6205:, who is the most powerful figure in the political system. For more info see
6099:
5905:
The president is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat (as an
5703:
5645:
5551:
5288:
5080:
4590:
4378:
3741:
3110:
2880:
2788:
2103:
965:
516:
318:
6990:
6703:
5674:
List of countries by date of transition to a republican system of government
7951:"Yemen president cedes powers to council as Saudi Arabia pushes to end war"
7765:
6086:, who is nominated and appointed by the president, with the consent of the
5833:
4912:
4557:
3954:
3486:
3252:
3239:
2431:
2334:
2090:
1643:
668:
538:
of government. In some cases, the prime minister is also the leader of the
6290:"Europe :: Norway — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"
5840:
are under the sovereignty of the Monarch of New Zealand as self-governing
6167:
5635:
5511:
5471:
5424:
5264:
4577:
4393:
4257:
4054:
3925:
3707:
3638:
3365:
2990:
2352:
2264:
2036:
1841:
1187:
Parliamentary republics with indirectly elected ceremonial heads of state
853:
786:
773:
602:
539:
7411:
The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives
7171:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"
7131:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns"
7090:"Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept — A New Political System Model"
7029:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"
4887:
298:
7645:"Electing Presidents in Presidential and Semi-Presidential Democracies"
7619:"Assimi Goïta: President gets sweeping powers in new Mali constitution"
6878:"Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's concept: A New Political System Model"
6198:
5907:
5725:
5641:
5556:
4877:
4849:
4653:
4398:
4213:
4153:
3801:
3653:
2909:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2736:
2589:
2537:
2511:
2378:
2295:
2063:
2049:
1854:
1789:
1502:
1114:
996:
Parliamentary republics with directly elected ceremonial heads of state
747:
260:
6927:(in French). No. 78. Paris: Éditions du Seuil. pp. 107–120.
1551:
254:
7592:"Guinea coup attempt: Soldiers claim to seize power from Alpha Condé"
5587:
5300:
4927:
4903:
4633:
4285:
4069:
3015:
2682:
2576:
2129:
1971:
1906:
1880:
1698:
1450:
1153:
589:
491:
349:
5844:
with New Zealand. New Zealand and its associated states, along with
5092:
3910:
206:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
75:
7885:
7702:"Niger soldiers say President Bazoum's government has been removed"
7622:
7595:
7514:
6924:
Pouvoirs, revue française d'études constitutionnelles et politiques
6158:
absolute monarchy and a Roman Catholic theocracy; its monarch, the
5814:
5359:
5207:
5107:
4862:
4802:
4698:
4681:
4666:
4518:
4445:
3901:
3213:
2951:
2643:
2602:
2391:
2238:
2212:
2185:
2155:
2023:
1945:
1893:
1763:
1604:
1578:
1476:
1266:
1240:
1227:
1179:
1166:
1023:
918:
760:
641:
433:
7674:"Myanmar Junta's Political Prisoners Since Coup Now Number 10,000"
7006:
1. the president of the republic is elected by universal suffrage,
6775:"South Africa's Constitution of 1996 with Amendments through 2012"
3986:
1670:
1556:
A combined head of state and head of government in the form of an
7568:
6223:
5845:
5451:
5335:
5127:
5068:
5055:
4967:
4947:
4790:
4737:
4542:
4266:
4233:
3969:
3945:
3825:
3566:
3439:
3341:
3136:
3058:
2840:
2749:
2723:
2695:
2656:
2498:
2417:
2321:
2199:
2116:
1984:
1919:
1828:
1776:
1724:
1541:
1515:
1424:
1331:
1305:
1253:
1214:
1201:
1101:
1075:
1062:
1036:
734:
708:
695:
682:
615:
563:
547:
483:
425:
7301:[Atypical presidential and semi-presidential systems].
5379:
5276:
5231:
5035:
5011:
4722:
4501:
4425:
4309:
4089:
4045:
4001:
3526:
3200:
3123:
3097:
3084:
3071:
2895:
2866:
2630:
2563:
2445:
2308:
2165:
2142:
2077:
2010:
1958:
1932:
1802:
1737:
1685:
1591:
1411:
1397:
1370:
1318:
1140:
931:
905:
814:
654:
628:
7847:"EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises"
7652:
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
7564:"Army colonel on Guinean TV says govt dissolved, borders shut"
7350:
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
7138:
Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies
6675:"Kiribati's Constitution of 1979 with Amendments through 1995"
6350:"Bulgaria's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2015"
390:: Power is constitutionally linked to a single political party
6459:"Ireland's Constitution of 1937 with Amendments through 2012"
6431:"Iceland's Constitution of 1944 with Amendments through 2013"
6378:"Croatia's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2010"
5778:
One of fifteen constitutional monarchies which recognize the
5491:
5436:
5365:
4 provinces, 2 autonomous territories and 1 federal territory
5315:
5147:
4818:
4605:
4173:
4133:
4113:
3865:
3845:
3720:
3679:
3666:
3606:
3586:
3506:
3293:
3162:
3149:
2550:
2365:
2277:
1997:
1867:
1750:
1711:
1630:
1489:
1463:
1437:
1383:
1344:
892:
721:
7756:"Analysis: Year post-coup, cracks in Sudan's military junta"
6836:"A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government"
7958:
6201:; however, since 1993, the presidency has been held by the
6159:
5837:
5656:
acting as its collective "president", and also elements of
5171:
4369:
4318:
3546:
3389:
3317:
3226:
3011:
2853:
2762:
2404:
1357:
1279:
800:
5702:
Some monarchs are given a limited number of discretionary
416: Dependent territories and places without governments
370:: Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power
7471:
7303:
Uchenyye Zapiski Kazanskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta
6704:"CONSTITUTION OF THE CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA ACT"
5808:
makes the GG the head of the executive branch (including
6098:, superseding the ordinary constitutional provisions. A
5624:
List of European Union member states by political system
5640:(unique), but others arguing that it has features of a
992:
or a vote in the legislature to appoint the president.
6658:"San Marino: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report"
7462:" (in Italian). Vatican City State. 11 February 2011.
7339:
7299:"Атипичные президентские и полупрезидентские системы"
410:: No constitutionally defined basis to current regime
7978:
For a more detailed discussion, see John McCormick,
7218:"Semi-Presidentialism and Democratisation in Poland"
5774:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5762:
2469:
a president exists alongside a prime minister and a
6970:
6218:Afghanistan: As of December 2022, despite the
5760:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
1552:
Parliamentary republics with an executive president
338:
100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2705:
299:Parliamentary republic with an executive president
6964:
3040:
2919:
360:holds significant executive and legislative power
7990:
7700:Aksar, Moussa; Balima, Boureima (27 July 2023).
7510:"Burkina Faso military says it has seized power"
7095:. Department of Education, School of Education,
6669:
6667:
6203:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
5739:
3730:
7949:Ghobari, Mohamed; Tolba, Ahmed (8 April 2022).
7413:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 155.
2480:
1671:Presidential republics without a prime minister
4973:three regions and three linguistic communities
3773:
2460:
7982:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), Chapters 1 and 2.
7465:
7008:2. he possesses quite considerable powers and
6664:
5684:List of current heads of state and government
3765:
450:
7948:
7617:Booty, Natasha; Pivac, Mark (23 July 2023).
6903:
6827:
6701:
5828:
5826:
5824:
3727:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
3461:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
2916:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
2702:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
2452:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
2166:Presidential republics with a prime minister
2162:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
1548:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
510:
7915:
7699:
7642:
7472:Chris Buckley and Adam Wu (10 March 2018).
7159:
6230:remaining unrecognized by the organization.
6171:
6125:
6066:; the semi-presidential system is based on
5633:
490:. This list does not measure the degree of
431:
423:
109:"List of countries by system of government"
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7616:
7292:
7290:
6885:Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences
4999:that is a condominium of the two entities)
4407:113 other provinces and independent cities
3620:
951:
457:
443:
7935:Status of Palestine in the United Nations
7209:
7189:
7044:
7027:Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005).
6866:
6853:
5821:
5732:who have their interests known through a
5664:acting as its executive and bureaucracy.
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
7460:Law on citizenship, residence and access
7340:Leubnoudji Tan Nathan (4 October 2023).
6909:
6833:
6487:"Moldova (Republic of) 1994 (rev. 2016)"
4513:(one of which is a partially recognized
3750:governed as a single power in which the
3347:People's Front for Democracy and Justice
505:
253:
7873:Shaikh, Emran Hossain (7 August 2024).
7813:
7753:
7671:
7636:
7408:
7296:
7287:
7258:
7165:
7125:
7026:
7022:
7020:
7018:
6242:between the internationally recognized
6187:
6010:are elected directly by the people via
5990:are elected directly by the people via
5970:are elected directly by the people via
5931:are elected directly by the people via
2958:
1650:
14:
7991:
7872:
7814:Nichols, Michelle (15 December 2022).
6978:European Journal of Political Research
6971:Bahro, Horst; Bayerlein, Bernhard H.;
6841:European Journal of Political Research
3301:leads eight minor political parties) (
3182:
2997:
259:World's states coloured by systems of
7893:"Dr Yunus-led interim govt legal: SC"
7826:from the original on 22 December 2022
7725:
7672:Paddock, Richard C. (31 March 2022).
7215:
7119:
7084:
6872:
6803:"CONSTITUIÇÃO DA REPÚBLICA DE ANGOLA"
6306:
6105:
6072:Constitution of the Republic of China
5628:The exact political character of the
7844:
7643:Abebe, Adem; Bulmer, Elliot (2019).
7015:
6917:[The Republican Monarchies]
5883:Their two-person head of state, the
5632:is debated, some arguing that it is
171:
98:adding citations to reliable sources
69:
28:
7903:from the original on 10 August 2024
7728:"Junta and Public at Odds in Sudan"
7433:
6725:"Marshall Islands 1979 (rev. 1995)"
5679:List of political systems in France
5041:ten provinces and three territories
3264:States in which political power is
3259:
24:
7486:from the original on 12 March 2018
6855:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00569.x
6233:
6212:
6148:
6139:
6114:
6017:
5890:
5709:
4009:, of which 5 are overseas regions)
3464:
25:
8020:
7875:"Interim govt: What the law says"
7845:Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021).
7754:Jeffrey, Jack (23 October 2022).
6637:"San Marino: Constitution - 1974"
6406:"Czech Republic 1993 (rev. 2013)"
5617:
5609:Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
5113:10 regions and 2 chartered cities
4077:, of which 9 have special status)
3735:
2525:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
2455:
44:This article has multiple issues.
7726:Gavin, Michelle (8 April 2022).
7223:. School of Law and Government,
6328:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2011.01345.x
6307:Elgie, Robert (2 January 2013).
5601:
5580:
5565:
5544:
5524:
5504:
5484:
5464:
5444:
5429:
5412:
5372:
5352:
5328:
5308:
5293:
5281:
5269:
5257:
5244:
5224:
5200:
5185:
5164:
5140:
5120:
5100:
5085:
5073:
5061:
5048:
5028:
5004:
4980:
4960:
4940:
4920:
4896:
4842:
4811:
4795:
4783:
4766:
4751:
4730:
4706:
4691:
4674:
4646:
4626:
4598:
4570:
4550:
4526:
4494:
4479:
4462:
4438:
4418:
4386:
4362:
4334:
4302:
4278:
4250:
4226:
4206:
4186:
4166:
4146:
4126:
4106:
4082:
4062:
4038:
4014:
3994:
3979:
3962:
3938:
3918:
3894:
3883:2 special administrative regions
3858:
3838:
3818:
3794:
3713:
3700:
3686:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3631:
3599:
3579:
3559:
3539:
3519:
3499:
3479:
3432:
3419:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3411:
3382:
3358:
3334:
3310:
3286:
3245:
3232:
3219:
3206:
3193:
3168:
3155:
3142:
3129:
3116:
3103:
3090:
3077:
3064:
3051:
3004:
2983:
2944:
2931:
2902:
2888:
2873:
2859:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2794:
2781:
2768:
2755:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2688:
2675:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2623:
2609:
2595:
2582:
2569:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2517:
2504:
2491:
2438:
2424:
2410:
2397:
2384:
2371:
2358:
2345:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2270:
2257:
2244:
2231:
2218:
2205:
2192:
2178:
2148:
2135:
2122:
2109:
2096:
2083:
2070:
2056:
2042:
2029:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1951:
1938:
1925:
1912:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1860:
1847:
1834:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1782:
1769:
1756:
1743:
1730:
1717:
1704:
1691:
1678:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1597:
1584:
1571:
1534:
1521:
1508:
1495:
1482:
1469:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1417:
1404:
1390:
1376:
1363:
1350:
1337:
1324:
1311:
1298:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1246:
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1220:
1207:
1194:
1172:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1120:
1107:
1094:
1081:
1068:
1055:
1042:
1029:
1016:
1003:
986:parliamentary republican systems
937:
924:
911:
898:
885:
872:
867:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
859:
846:
833:
820:
807:
793:
779:
766:
753:
740:
727:
714:
701:
688:
675:
661:
647:
634:
621:
608:
595:
582:
569:
556:
176:
74:
33:
8009:Countries by form of government
7972:
7942:
7922:United Nations General Assembly
7866:
7838:
7807:
7779:
7747:
7719:
7693:
7665:
7610:
7584:
7556:
7530:
7502:
7452:
7427:
7402:
7374:
7363:
7333:
7321:
7252:
7246:
7078:
7053:
6795:
6767:
6742:
6717:
6695:
6650:
6629:
6604:
6579:
6554:
6529:
6504:
6479:
6451:
6423:
6398:
6370:
6342:
6244:Presidential Leadership Council
6084:President of the Executive Yuan
6053:
5997:
5977:
5957:
5947:
5938:
5918:
5899:
5877:
4411:17 other non-autonomous regions
4051:7 decentralized administrations
3879:4 province-level municipalities
3640:Afghanistan, Islamic Emirate of
3399:Front for National Construction
2706:President-parliamentary systems
515:These are systems in which the
430:systems of government, not the
85:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
7787:"Sudan's Constitution of 2005"
7436:Political Parties of The World
6915:"Les monarchies républicaines"
6300:
6282:
6264:
6038:, however behaves more like a
5868:
5859:
5696:
5252:Federated States of Micronesia
4933:six states and ten territories
4267:1 self-administering territory
4243:2 autonomous territorial units
4161:, 3 cities with region rights)
3754:is ultimately supreme and any
3041:Semi-constitutional monarchies
2939:Federated States of Micronesia
2920:Assembly-independent republics
975:directorial republican systems
13:
1:
7273:10.1080/1060586X.2018.1465251
6257:
6068:temporary additional articles
5786:), and notionally appoints a
5780:Monarch of the United Kingdom
4871:
3731:Systems of internal structure
3572:assembly-independent republic
467:For further information, see
380:: Monarch has unlimited power
339:Assembly-independent republic
18:Assembly-independent republic
7733:Council on Foreign Relations
6562:"Singapore 1963 (rev. 2016)"
6162:, is the head of the global
6034:according to the country's
5887:, serve for six month terms.
5563:, and one federal district:
4747:2 cities with special status
4271:2 states in free association
4121:, of which 5 are autonomous)
3955:2 self-governing territories
3395:People's Revolutionary Party
2481:Premier-presidential systems
368:Semi-constitutional monarchy
7:
7191:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
7046:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
6644:Peaceful Assembly Worldwide
6612:"Slovenia 1991 (rev. 2013)"
6587:"Slovakia 1992 (rev. 2017)"
5667:
5343:and one federal territory:
4725:, 3 boroughs, and 2 cities)
4355:1 national capital district
4055:1 autonomous monastic state
3774:Regionalized unitary states
2461:Semi-presidential republics
469:List of forms of government
314: Presidential republic
291:with a ceremonial president
202:the claims made and adding
10:
8025:
5842:states in free association
5621:
4875:
4194:Kingdom of the Netherlands
3866:People's Republic of China
3777:
3766:Centralized unitary states
3739:
3592:semi-presidential republic
3492:semi-presidential republic
3373:leads two minor parties) (
3031:
2467:semi-presidential republic
546:). The head of state is a
534:is the active head of the
466:
329:Semi-presidential republic
7438:. Stockton. p. 599.
7409:Stewart, Dona J. (2013).
7389:www.constituteproject.org
7065:www.constituteproject.org
7061:"Poland 1997 (rev. 2009)"
6782:www.constituteproject.org
6754:www.constituteproject.org
6729:www.constituteproject.org
6682:www.constituteproject.org
6616:www.constituteproject.org
6591:www.constituteproject.org
6566:www.constituteproject.org
6541:www.constituteproject.org
6516:www.constituteproject.org
6491:www.constituteproject.org
6466:www.constituteproject.org
6438:www.constituteproject.org
6410:www.constituteproject.org
6385:www.constituteproject.org
6357:www.constituteproject.org
6316:Government and Opposition
6248:Supreme Political Council
6111:Holds a legislative seat.
6080:President of the Republic
6044:constitutional convention
5806:Constitution of Australia
5802:constitutional convention
5457:six federal member states
5345:Federal Capital Territory
5217:three federal territories
4611:17 autonomous communities
4323:2 integral overseas areas
982:semi-presidential systems
511:Constitutional monarchies
281:with a ceremonial monarch
8004:Government-related lists
6750:"Nauru 1968 (rev. 2015)"
6122:President of Switzerland
6012:double simultaneous vote
5992:double simultaneous vote
5972:double simultaneous vote
5933:double simultaneous vote
5689:
4517:independent state), and
4241:, 3 municipalities, and
3756:administrative divisions
2969:parliamentary confidence
2226:Central African Republic
480:constitutionally-defined
7980:European Union Politics
7434:Day, Alan John (1996).
7328:Constitution of Belarus
7167:Shugart, Matthew Søberg
7127:Shugart, Matthew Søberg
6991:10.1111/1475-6765.00405
4199:4 constituent countries
3931:14 autonomous districts
3621:Provisional governments
2475:motion of no confidence
2282:Prime Cabinet Secretary
952:Parliamentary republics
279:Constitutional monarchy
7297:Zaznaev, Oleg (2005).
7225:Dublin City University
6172:
6126:
6078:indirectly elects the
6064:parliamentary republic
6040:parliamentary republic
5634:
5561:incorporated territory
5397:four autonomous okrugs
4988:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4511:2 autonomous provinces
4099:Judea and Samaria Area
4031:2 autonomous republics
2776:Congo, Republic of the
1011:Bosnia and Herzegovina
958:parliamentary republic
521:constitutional monarch
464:
432:
424:
422:this chart represents
408:Provisional government
289:Parliamentary republic
7924: Session 67
7897:THE BUSINESS STANDARD
7794:constituteproject.org
7761:Associated Press News
7097:University of Cologne
7088:(23 September 1997).
6702:Constitution (2012).
6164:Roman Catholic Church
6134:Swiss Federal Council
6132:capacity amongst the
6096:vote of no confidence
5648:. It has elements of
5420:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5405:one autonomous oblast
4859:1 autonomous republic
4591:1 autonomous province
4470:São Tomé and Príncipe
4399:one autonomous region
3811:1 autonomous republic
3612:presidential republic
3552:presidential republic
3532:presidential republic
3512:presidential republic
3276:formally exists, but
2670:São Tomé and Príncipe
1563:parliamentary systems
841:Saint Kitts and Nevis
544:vote of no confidence
506:Parliamentary systems
438:degree of democracy.
268:Parliamentary systems
257:
7099:, zh. pp. 39–60
6711:Parliament of Guyana
6180:Catholic clerics or
5854:Realm of New Zealand
5650:intergovernmentalism
5597:one capital district
5573:District of Columbia
5532:United Arab Emirates
4882:States in which the
4823:devolved governments
4455:2 autonomous regions
4295:2 autonomous regions
3875:5 autonomous regions
3784:States in which the
3268:concentrated within
3176:United Arab Emirates
2965:directorial republic
2959:Directorial republic
1657:presidential systems
1651:Presidential systems
968:is usually called a
496:political corruption
488:system of government
94:improve this article
7261:Post-Soviet Affairs
7234:on 12 February 2012
6278:. 4 September 2019.
6070:. According to the
6025:Republic of Austria
5818:head of government.
5804:. For example, the
5796:Commonwealth realms
5721:President of France
5662:European Commission
5157:8 union territories
4913:one autonomous city
4884:national government
4723:1 autonomous island
4714:Trinidad and Tobago
4663:1 autonomous region
4619:2 autonomous cities
4543:1 capital territory
4351:1 autonomous region
3270:one political party
3183:Absolute monarchies
3024:Assembly of Experts
2998:Theocratic republic
1558:executive president
1529:Trinidad and Tobago
577:Antigua and Barbuda
530:Systems in which a
305:Presidential system
7999:Lists of countries
7679:The New York Times
7598:. 5 September 2021
7572:. 5 September 2021
7129:(September 2005).
6913:(September 1996).
6272:"The Constitution"
6195:President of China
6154:The Vatican is an
6128:primus inter pares
5810:commander-in-chief
5401:two federal cities
5313:
4863:1 independent city
4821:, of which 3 have
3911:1 capital district
3887:1 claimed province
3786:central government
3752:central government
3471:state of emergency
3274:multi-party system
2974:primus inter pares
1816:Dominican Republic
1665:head of government
1461:
962:head of government
525:constitutional law
474:This is a list of
465:
187:possibly contains
7899:. 9 August 2024.
7518:. 24 January 2022
7330:, 106, 97.5 97.7.
7216:McMenamin, Iain.
7169:(December 2005).
7147:on 19 August 2008
6911:Duverger, Maurice
6834:Duverger (1980).
6512:"Montenegro 2007"
6220:loss of territory
6207:politics of China
6199:ceremonial office
6076:National Assembly
6032:semi-presidential
5784:King of Australia
5612:
5576:
5540:
5520:
5500:
5480:
5460:
5440:
5408:
5368:
5348:
5324:
5304:
5240:
5220:
5196:
5160:
5136:
5116:
5096:
5044:
5024:
5000:
4976:
4956:
4936:
4916:
4866:
4838:
4762:
4726:
4702:
4670:
4642:
4622:
4594:
4566:
4546:
4522:
4519:1 autonomous city
4490:
4458:
4434:
4414:
4382:
4358:
4330:
4319:1 autonomous city
4298:
4274:
4246:
4222:
4202:
4182:
4162:
4142:
4122:
4102:
4078:
4058:
4034:
4010:
3990:
3958:
3934:
3914:
3890:
3854:
3834:
3814:
3456:
3428:
3406:
3378:
3354:
3330:
3306:
2252:Equatorial Guinea
990:electoral college
378:Absolute monarchy
250:
249:
242:
232:
231:
224:
189:original research
170:
169:
162:
144:
67:
16:(Redirected from
8016:
7983:
7976:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7946:
7940:
7937: A/RES/67/19
7919:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7908:
7889:
7883:
7882:
7870:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7859:
7842:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7831:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7802:
7800:
7791:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7772:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7723:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7697:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7686:
7669:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7649:
7640:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7614:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7588:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7560:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7544:. 30 August 2023
7534:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7523:
7506:
7500:
7499:
7493:
7491:
7469:
7463:
7456:
7450:
7449:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7406:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7386:
7378:
7372:
7367:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7356:
7337:
7331:
7325:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7294:
7285:
7284:
7256:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7233:
7227:. Archived from
7222:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7200:
7198:
7193:
7175:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7146:
7140:. Archived from
7135:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7106:
7104:
7094:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7057:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7024:
7013:
7012:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6920:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6882:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6857:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6815:on 28 March 2012
6814:
6808:. Archived from
6807:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6779:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6746:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6735:
6721:
6715:
6714:
6708:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6679:
6671:
6662:
6661:
6654:
6648:
6647:
6641:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6608:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6583:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6483:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6463:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6435:
6427:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6382:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6354:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6313:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6268:
6251:
6237:
6231:
6216:
6210:
6191:
6185:
6175:
6152:
6146:
6143:
6137:
6131:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6103:
6088:Legislative Yuan
6057:
6051:
6021:
6015:
6001:
5995:
5981:
5975:
5961:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5942:
5936:
5922:
5916:
5903:
5897:
5894:
5888:
5881:
5875:
5872:
5866:
5863:
5857:
5830:
5819:
5788:Governor-General
5776:
5737:
5717:Bishop of Urgell
5713:
5707:
5700:
5658:supranationalism
5654:European Council
5639:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5514:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5494:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5474:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5422:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5362:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5338:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5318:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5254:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5210:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5174:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5150:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5021:Federal District
5014:
5010:
5008:
5007:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4970:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4950:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4852:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4831:Northern Ireland
4817:
4815:
4814:
4807:Northern Ireland
4801:
4799:
4798:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4776:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4684:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4608:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4587:6 special cities
4580:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4401:subdivided into
4396:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4344:
4342:Papua New Guinea
4340:
4338:
4337:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4092:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3972:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3760:UN member states
3719:
3717:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3449:Fatherland Front
3442:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3320:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3260:One-party states
3251:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3034:Politics of Iran
3028:Guardian Council
3010:
3008:
3007:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1618:Marshall Islands
1616:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1006:
943:
941:
940:
930:
928:
927:
917:
915:
914:
904:
902:
901:
891:
889:
888:
878:
876:
875:
865:
863:
862:
852:
850:
849:
839:
837:
836:
828:Papua New Guinea
826:
824:
823:
813:
811:
810:
799:
797:
796:
785:
783:
782:
772:
770:
769:
759:
757:
756:
746:
744:
743:
733:
731:
730:
720:
718:
717:
707:
705:
704:
694:
692:
691:
681:
679:
678:
667:
665:
664:
653:
651:
650:
640:
638:
637:
627:
625:
624:
614:
612:
611:
601:
599:
598:
588:
586:
585:
575:
573:
572:
562:
560:
559:
536:executive branch
502:of governments.
476:sovereign states
459:
452:
445:
437:
429:
415:
405:
395:
385:
375:
365:
347:
336:
326:
313:
296:
286:
276:
245:
238:
227:
220:
216:
213:
207:
204:inline citations
180:
179:
172:
165:
158:
154:
151:
145:
143:
102:
78:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
8024:
8023:
8019:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8013:
7989:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7977:
7973:
7963:
7961:
7947:
7943:
7920:
7916:
7906:
7904:
7891:
7890:
7886:
7871:
7867:
7857:
7855:
7843:
7839:
7829:
7827:
7812:
7808:
7798:
7796:
7789:
7785:
7784:
7780:
7770:
7768:
7752:
7748:
7738:
7736:
7724:
7720:
7710:
7708:
7698:
7694:
7684:
7682:
7670:
7666:
7656:
7654:
7647:
7641:
7637:
7627:
7625:
7615:
7611:
7601:
7599:
7590:
7589:
7585:
7575:
7573:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7547:
7545:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7521:
7519:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7489:
7487:
7470:
7466:
7457:
7453:
7446:
7432:
7428:
7421:
7407:
7403:
7393:
7391:
7384:
7380:
7379:
7375:
7368:
7364:
7354:
7352:
7346:ConstitutionNet
7338:
7334:
7326:
7322:
7312:
7310:
7295:
7288:
7257:
7253:
7247:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7220:
7214:
7210:
7196:
7194:
7178:French Politics
7173:
7164:
7160:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7133:
7124:
7120:
7102:
7100:
7092:
7083:
7079:
7069:
7067:
7059:
7058:
7054:
7033:French Politics
7025:
7016:
7009:
7007:
7005:
6969:
6965:
6955:
6953:
6935:
6918:
6908:
6904:
6894:
6892:
6880:
6871:
6867:
6832:
6828:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6805:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6786:
6784:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6758:
6756:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6733:
6731:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6706:
6700:
6696:
6686:
6684:
6677:
6673:
6672:
6665:
6656:
6655:
6651:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6630:
6620:
6618:
6610:
6609:
6605:
6595:
6593:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6570:
6568:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6545:
6543:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6520:
6518:
6510:
6509:
6505:
6495:
6493:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6470:
6468:
6461:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6442:
6440:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6414:
6412:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6361:
6359:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6311:
6305:
6301:
6296:. 27 June 2022.
6288:
6287:
6283:
6270:
6269:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6254:
6238:
6234:
6228:Islamic Emirate
6217:
6213:
6192:
6188:
6153:
6149:
6144:
6140:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6106:
6058:
6054:
6042:in practice by
6022:
6018:
6002:
5998:
5982:
5978:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5948:
5943:
5939:
5923:
5919:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5891:
5885:Captains Regent
5882:
5878:
5873:
5869:
5864:
5860:
5852:, comprise the
5850:Ross Dependency
5831:
5822:
5799:
5777:
5740:
5714:
5710:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5670:
5626:
5620:
5615:
5602:
5600:
5581:
5579:
5566:
5564:
5545:
5543:
5525:
5523:
5505:
5503:
5485:
5483:
5465:
5463:
5445:
5443:
5430:
5428:
5413:
5411:
5373:
5371:
5353:
5351:
5329:
5327:
5321:seven provinces
5309:
5307:
5294:
5292:
5282:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5258:
5256:
5245:
5243:
5225:
5223:
5201:
5199:
5186:
5184:
5177:18 governorates
5165:
5163:
5141:
5139:
5121:
5119:
5101:
5099:
5086:
5084:
5074:
5072:
5062:
5060:
5049:
5047:
5029:
5027:
5005:
5003:
4981:
4979:
4961:
4959:
4941:
4939:
4921:
4919:
4897:
4895:
4880:
4874:
4869:
4843:
4841:
4812:
4810:
4796:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4767:
4765:
4752:
4750:
4731:
4729:
4707:
4705:
4692:
4690:
4675:
4673:
4647:
4645:
4627:
4625:
4599:
4597:
4571:
4569:
4551:
4549:
4534:Solomon Islands
4527:
4525:
4495:
4493:
4480:
4478:
4463:
4461:
4439:
4437:
4431:16 voivodeships
4419:
4417:
4387:
4385:
4363:
4361:
4335:
4333:
4303:
4301:
4279:
4277:
4251:
4249:
4227:
4225:
4207:
4205:
4187:
4185:
4167:
4165:
4147:
4145:
4127:
4125:
4107:
4105:
4083:
4081:
4063:
4061:
4039:
4037:
4015:
4013:
3995:
3993:
3980:
3978:
3963:
3961:
3939:
3937:
3919:
3917:
3895:
3893:
3859:
3857:
3839:
3837:
3819:
3817:
3795:
3793:
3782:
3776:
3768:
3744:
3738:
3733:
3725:
3714:
3712:
3701:
3699:
3687:
3685:
3673:
3671:
3660:
3658:
3647:
3645:
3632:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3560:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3478:
3467:
3465:Military juntas
3459:
3445:Communist Party
3433:
3431:
3425:Polisario Front
3412:
3410:
3383:
3381:
3359:
3357:
3335:
3333:
3323:Communist Party
3311:
3309:
3299:Communist Party
3287:
3285:
3262:
3257:
3246:
3244:
3233:
3231:
3220:
3218:
3207:
3205:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3169:
3167:
3156:
3154:
3143:
3141:
3130:
3128:
3117:
3115:
3104:
3102:
3091:
3089:
3078:
3076:
3065:
3063:
3052:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2984:
2982:
2961:
2956:
2945:
2943:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2903:
2901:
2889:
2887:
2874:
2872:
2860:
2858:
2847:
2845:
2834:
2832:
2821:
2819:
2808:
2806:
2795:
2793:
2782:
2780:
2769:
2767:
2756:
2754:
2743:
2741:
2730:
2728:
2717:
2715:
2708:
2700:
2689:
2687:
2676:
2674:
2663:
2661:
2650:
2648:
2637:
2635:
2624:
2622:
2617:Northern Cyprus
2610:
2608:
2596:
2594:
2583:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2557:
2555:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2529:
2518:
2516:
2505:
2503:
2492:
2490:
2483:
2463:
2458:
2450:
2439:
2437:
2425:
2423:
2411:
2409:
2398:
2396:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2370:
2359:
2357:
2346:
2344:
2328:
2326:
2315:
2313:
2302:
2300:
2289:
2287:
2271:
2269:
2258:
2256:
2245:
2243:
2232:
2230:
2219:
2217:
2206:
2204:
2193:
2191:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2160:
2149:
2147:
2136:
2134:
2123:
2121:
2110:
2108:
2097:
2095:
2084:
2082:
2071:
2069:
2057:
2055:
2043:
2041:
2030:
2028:
2017:
2015:
2004:
2002:
1991:
1989:
1978:
1976:
1965:
1963:
1952:
1950:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1924:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1898:
1887:
1885:
1874:
1872:
1861:
1859:
1848:
1846:
1835:
1833:
1822:
1820:
1809:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1783:
1781:
1770:
1768:
1757:
1755:
1744:
1742:
1731:
1729:
1718:
1716:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1690:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1653:
1648:
1637:
1635:
1624:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1572:
1570:
1554:
1546:
1535:
1533:
1522:
1520:
1509:
1507:
1496:
1494:
1483:
1481:
1470:
1468:
1457:
1455:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1416:
1405:
1403:
1391:
1389:
1377:
1375:
1364:
1362:
1351:
1349:
1338:
1336:
1325:
1323:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1297:
1286:
1284:
1273:
1271:
1260:
1258:
1247:
1245:
1234:
1232:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1206:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1173:
1171:
1160:
1158:
1147:
1145:
1134:
1132:
1128:North Macedonia
1121:
1119:
1108:
1106:
1095:
1093:
1082:
1080:
1069:
1067:
1056:
1054:
1043:
1041:
1030:
1028:
1017:
1015:
1004:
1002:
998:
954:
949:
938:
936:
925:
923:
912:
910:
899:
897:
886:
884:
880:Solomon Islands
873:
871:
860:
858:
847:
845:
834:
832:
821:
819:
808:
806:
794:
792:
780:
778:
767:
765:
754:
752:
741:
739:
728:
726:
715:
713:
702:
700:
689:
687:
676:
674:
662:
660:
648:
646:
635:
633:
622:
620:
609:
607:
596:
594:
583:
581:
570:
568:
557:
555:
513:
508:
472:
463:
418:
417:
413:
411:
403:
401:
393:
391:
388:One-party state
383:
381:
373:
371:
363:
361:
345:
343:
342:
334:
332:
324:
316:
315:
311:
302:
301:
294:
292:
284:
282:
274:
265:
246:
235:
234:
233:
228:
217:
211:
208:
193:
181:
177:
166:
155:
149:
146:
103:
101:
91:
79:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8022:
8012:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7985:
7984:
7971:
7941:
7914:
7884:
7865:
7837:
7806:
7778:
7746:
7718:
7692:
7664:
7635:
7609:
7583:
7555:
7529:
7501:
7479:New York Times
7464:
7451:
7444:
7426:
7420:978-0415782432
7419:
7401:
7373:
7362:
7332:
7320:
7305:(in Russian).
7286:
7267:(4): 246–261.
7251:
7245:
7208:
7184:(3): 323–351.
7158:
7118:
7077:
7052:
7039:(3): 323–351.
7014:
6985:(2): 201–224.
6963:
6933:
6902:
6865:
6848:(2): 165–187.
6826:
6794:
6766:
6741:
6716:
6694:
6663:
6649:
6628:
6603:
6578:
6553:
6528:
6503:
6478:
6450:
6422:
6397:
6369:
6341:
6322:(3): 392–409.
6299:
6281:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6232:
6211:
6186:
6147:
6138:
6113:
6104:
6052:
6016:
5996:
5976:
5956:
5946:
5937:
5917:
5898:
5889:
5876:
5867:
5858:
5820:
5792:prime minister
5738:
5734:representative
5708:
5704:reserve powers
5694:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5669:
5666:
5630:European Union
5622:Main article:
5619:
5618:European Union
5616:
5614:
5613:
5577:
5541:
5537:seven emirates
5521:
5501:
5481:
5461:
5441:
5409:
5369:
5349:
5325:
5305:
5241:
5221:
5197:
5161:
5137:
5117:
5097:
5045:
5025:
5001:
4977:
4957:
4937:
4917:
4892:
4876:Main article:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4839:
4774:United Kingdom
4763:
4727:
4703:
4671:
4667:1 capital city
4643:
4623:
4595:
4567:
4547:
4523:
4491:
4459:
4435:
4415:
4383:
4359:
4331:
4327:3 dependencies
4299:
4291:15 departments
4275:
4247:
4223:
4203:
4183:
4163:
4143:
4139:47 prefectures
4123:
4103:
4079:
4059:
4035:
4011:
3991:
3959:
3935:
3915:
3907:34 departments
3891:
3855:
3835:
3815:
3790:
3780:Regional state
3778:Main article:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3740:Main article:
3737:
3736:Unitary states
3734:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3710:
3697:
3682:
3669:
3656:
3643:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3596:
3576:
3556:
3536:
3516:
3496:
3475:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3429:
3407:
3379:
3371:Workers' Party
3355:
3331:
3307:
3282:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3242:
3229:
3216:
3203:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3165:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3113:
3100:
3087:
3074:
3061:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:Main article:
3020:Supreme Leader
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2979:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2941:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2899:
2884:
2869:
2856:
2843:
2830:
2817:
2804:
2791:
2778:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2685:
2672:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2605:
2592:
2579:
2566:
2553:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Hybrid systems
2454:
2449:
2448:
2435:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2381:
2368:
2355:
2342:
2339:Chief minister
2324:
2311:
2298:
2285:
2267:
2254:
2241:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2189:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2145:
2132:
2119:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1987:
1974:
1961:
1948:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1896:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1844:
1831:
1818:
1805:
1792:
1779:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1567:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1531:
1518:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1453:
1440:
1427:
1414:
1401:
1386:
1373:
1360:
1347:
1334:
1321:
1308:
1295:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1243:
1230:
1217:
1204:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1169:
1156:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1050:Czech Republic
1039:
1026:
1013:
999:
997:
994:
953:
950:
948:
947:
945:United Kingdom
934:
921:
908:
895:
882:
869:
856:
843:
830:
817:
804:
789:
776:
763:
750:
737:
724:
711:
698:
685:
672:
657:
644:
631:
618:
605:
592:
579:
566:
552:
532:prime minister
512:
509:
507:
504:
500:state capacity
462:
461:
454:
447:
439:
412:
402:
398:Military junta
392:
382:
372:
362:
358:Supreme Leader
344:
333:
323:
319:Hybrid systems
310:
293:
283:
273:
248:
247:
230:
229:
184:
182:
175:
168:
167:
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8021:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7981:
7975:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7945:
7938:
7936:
7931:
7927:
7923:
7918:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7888:
7880:
7879:Dhaka Tribune
7876:
7869:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7841:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7810:
7795:
7788:
7782:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7757:
7750:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7722:
7707:
7703:
7696:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7668:
7653:
7646:
7639:
7624:
7620:
7613:
7597:
7593:
7587:
7571:
7570:
7565:
7559:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7517:
7516:
7511:
7505:
7498:
7497:presidencies.
7485:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7468:
7461:
7455:
7447:
7441:
7437:
7430:
7422:
7416:
7412:
7405:
7390:
7383:
7377:
7371:
7366:
7351:
7347:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7324:
7308:
7304:
7300:
7293:
7291:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7262:
7255:
7249:
7230:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7205:
7192:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7172:
7168:
7162:
7143:
7139:
7132:
7128:
7122:
7115:
7113:
7098:
7091:
7087:
7081:
7066:
7062:
7056:
7047:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7011:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6981:(quarterly).
6980:
6979:
6974:
6967:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6934:2-02-030123-7
6930:
6926:
6925:
6916:
6912:
6906:
6890:
6886:
6879:
6875:
6869:
6862:
6856:
6851:
6847:
6844:(quarterly).
6843:
6842:
6837:
6830:
6811:
6804:
6798:
6783:
6776:
6770:
6755:
6751:
6745:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6683:
6676:
6670:
6668:
6659:
6653:
6645:
6638:
6632:
6617:
6613:
6607:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6567:
6563:
6557:
6542:
6538:
6537:"Serbia 2006"
6532:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6492:
6488:
6482:
6467:
6460:
6454:
6439:
6432:
6426:
6411:
6407:
6401:
6386:
6379:
6373:
6358:
6351:
6345:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6263:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6215:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6197:is legally a
6196:
6190:
6183:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6151:
6142:
6135:
6130:
6129:
6123:
6117:
6108:
6101:
6100:sunset clause
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6056:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6000:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5980:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5960:
5950:
5941:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5921:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5902:
5893:
5886:
5880:
5871:
5862:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5705:
5699:
5695:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5646:confederation
5643:
5638:
5637:
5631:
5625:
5610:
5598:
5594:
5589:
5578:
5574:
5562:
5558:
5553:
5552:United States
5542:
5538:
5533:
5522:
5518:
5513:
5502:
5498:
5493:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5462:
5458:
5453:
5442:
5438:
5426:
5421:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5326:
5322:
5317:
5306:
5302:
5290:
5278:
5266:
5253:
5242:
5238:
5233:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5209:
5198:
5194:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5138:
5134:
5129:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5098:
5094:
5082:
5081:Grande Comore
5070:
5057:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5013:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4978:
4974:
4969:
4958:
4954:
4949:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4905:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4808:
4804:
4792:
4780:
4775:
4764:
4760:
4748:
4744:
4739:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4704:
4700:
4688:
4683:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4492:
4488:
4476:
4471:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4416:
4412:
4409:grouped into
4408:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4371:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4235:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3992:
3988:
3976:
3971:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3926:Côte d'Ivoire
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3836:
3832:
3831:9 departments
3827:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3771:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3742:Unitary state
3728:
3722:
3711:
3709:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3683:
3681:
3670:
3668:
3657:
3655:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3613:
3608:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3254:
3243:
3241:
3230:
3228:
3217:
3215:
3204:
3202:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3177:
3166:
3164:
3153:
3151:
3140:
3138:
3127:
3125:
3114:
3112:
3111:Liechtenstein
3101:
3099:
3088:
3086:
3075:
3073:
3062:
3060:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2953:
2942:
2940:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2917:
2911:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2881:South Ossetia
2870:
2868:
2857:
2855:
2844:
2842:
2831:
2829:
2818:
2816:
2805:
2803:
2792:
2790:
2789:Guinea-Bissau
2779:
2777:
2766:
2764:
2753:
2751:
2740:
2738:
2727:
2725:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2686:
2684:
2673:
2671:
2660:
2658:
2647:
2645:
2634:
2632:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2606:
2604:
2593:
2591:
2580:
2578:
2567:
2565:
2554:
2552:
2541:
2539:
2528:
2526:
2515:
2513:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2453:
2447:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2421:
2419:
2408:
2406:
2395:
2393:
2382:
2380:
2369:
2367:
2356:
2354:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2325:
2323:
2312:
2310:
2299:
2297:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2268:
2266:
2255:
2253:
2242:
2240:
2229:
2227:
2216:
2214:
2203:
2201:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2157:
2146:
2144:
2133:
2131:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2105:
2104:United States
2094:
2092:
2081:
2079:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2051:
2040:
2038:
2027:
2025:
2014:
2012:
2001:
1999:
1988:
1986:
1975:
1973:
1962:
1960:
1949:
1947:
1936:
1934:
1923:
1921:
1910:
1908:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1882:
1871:
1869:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1843:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1793:
1791:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1752:
1741:
1739:
1728:
1726:
1715:
1713:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1687:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1621:
1619:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1593:
1582:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1543:
1532:
1530:
1519:
1517:
1506:
1504:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1478:
1467:
1465:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1439:
1428:
1426:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1387:
1385:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1359:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1333:
1322:
1320:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1294:
1283:
1281:
1270:
1268:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1242:
1231:
1229:
1218:
1216:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1170:
1168:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1142:
1131:
1129:
1118:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1092:
1090:
1079:
1077:
1066:
1064:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1025:
1014:
1012:
1001:
1000:
993:
991:
987:
983:
978:
976:
971:
967:
966:head of state
963:
959:
946:
935:
933:
922:
920:
909:
907:
896:
894:
883:
881:
870:
868:
857:
855:
844:
842:
831:
829:
818:
816:
805:
803:
802:
790:
788:
777:
775:
764:
762:
751:
749:
738:
736:
725:
723:
712:
710:
699:
697:
686:
684:
673:
671:
670:
658:
656:
645:
643:
632:
630:
619:
617:
606:
604:
593:
591:
580:
578:
567:
565:
554:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
517:head of state
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:
485:
481:
477:
470:
460:
455:
453:
448:
446:
441:
440:
436:
435:
428:
427:
421:
409:
399:
389:
379:
369:
359:
355:
351:
340:
330:
322:
320:
308:
306:
300:
290:
280:
271:
269:
263:
262:
256:
252:
244:
241:
226:
223:
215:
205:
201:
197:
191:
190:
185:This article
183:
174:
173:
164:
161:
153:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111: –
110:
106:
105:Find sources:
99:
95:
89:
88:
83:This article
81:
77:
72:
71:
66:
64:
57:
56:
51:
50:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
7979:
7974:
7962:. Retrieved
7954:
7944:
7934:
7929:
7925:
7917:
7905:. Retrieved
7896:
7887:
7878:
7868:
7856:. Retrieved
7850:
7840:
7828:. Retrieved
7819:
7809:
7797:. Retrieved
7793:
7781:
7769:. Retrieved
7766:Cairo, Egypt
7759:
7749:
7737:. Retrieved
7731:
7721:
7709:. Retrieved
7705:
7695:
7683:. Retrieved
7677:
7667:
7655:. Retrieved
7638:
7626:. Retrieved
7612:
7600:. Retrieved
7586:
7574:. Retrieved
7567:
7558:
7546:. Retrieved
7541:
7532:
7520:. Retrieved
7513:
7504:
7495:
7488:. Retrieved
7477:
7467:
7454:
7435:
7429:
7410:
7404:
7392:. Retrieved
7388:
7376:
7365:
7353:. Retrieved
7345:
7335:
7323:
7311:. Retrieved
7306:
7302:
7264:
7260:
7254:
7248:
7236:. Retrieved
7229:the original
7211:
7202:
7195:. Retrieved
7181:
7177:
7161:
7149:. Retrieved
7142:the original
7137:
7121:
7111:
7108:
7101:. Retrieved
7086:Veser, Ernst
7080:
7068:. Retrieved
7064:
7055:
7036:
7032:
7002:
6982:
6976:
6973:Veser, Ernst
6966:
6956:10 September
6954:. Retrieved
6922:
6905:
6893:. Retrieved
6888:
6884:
6874:Veser, Ernst
6868:
6859:
6845:
6839:
6829:
6817:. Retrieved
6810:the original
6797:
6785:. Retrieved
6781:
6769:
6757:. Retrieved
6753:
6744:
6732:. Retrieved
6728:
6719:
6710:
6697:
6685:. Retrieved
6681:
6652:
6643:
6631:
6619:. Retrieved
6615:
6606:
6594:. Retrieved
6590:
6581:
6569:. Retrieved
6565:
6556:
6544:. Retrieved
6540:
6531:
6519:. Retrieved
6515:
6506:
6494:. Retrieved
6490:
6481:
6469:. Retrieved
6465:
6453:
6441:. Retrieved
6437:
6425:
6413:. Retrieved
6409:
6400:
6388:. Retrieved
6384:
6372:
6360:. Retrieved
6356:
6344:
6319:
6315:
6302:
6293:
6284:
6275:
6266:
6235:
6214:
6189:
6150:
6141:
6124:serves in a
6116:
6107:
6055:
6036:Constitution
6028:
6019:
5999:
5979:
5959:
5949:
5940:
5920:
5913:Constitution
5906:
5901:
5892:
5879:
5870:
5861:
5834:Cook Islands
5813:
5724:
5711:
5698:
5627:
5509:
5389:21 republics
4997:one district
4993:two entities
4909:23 provinces
4881:
4558:South Africa
4514:
4507:29 districts
4451:18 districts
4347:20 provinces
4239:32 districts
4075:38 provinces
3871:22 provinces
3807:59 districts
3783:
3769:
3745:
3726:
3684:
3639:
3624:
3487:Burkina Faso
3468:
3460:
3409:
3265:
3263:
3253:Vatican City
3240:Saudi Arabia
3186:
3044:
2988:
2972:
2962:
2923:
2915:
2886:
2871:
2709:
2701:
2607:
2484:
2464:
2451:
2432:Transnistria
2422:
2335:Sierra Leone
2176:
2169:
2161:
2091:Turkmenistan
2054:
1654:
1644:South Africa
1555:
1547:
1388:
979:
955:
791:
669:Cook Islands
659:
529:
514:
482:
473:
419:
317:
303:
266:
258:
251:
236:
218:
209:
186:
156:
147:
137:
130:
123:
116:
104:
92:Please help
87:verification
84:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
7657:14 February
7602:5 September
7576:5 September
7238:11 December
6294:www.cia.gov
6173:jus officii
6168:Swiss Guard
6046:, with the
6008:legislature
5988:legislature
5968:legislature
5929:legislature
5660:, with the
5652:, with the
5636:sui generis
5512:Switzerland
5472:South Sudan
5425:Saint Kitts
4953:nine states
4779:4 countries
4639:9 provinces
4583:8 provinces
4578:South Korea
4563:9 provinces
4539:9 provinces
4475:6 districts
4403:5 provinces
4394:Philippines
4315:10 counties
4258:New Zealand
4179:47 counties
4095:6 districts
3708:South Sudan
3366:North Korea
2991:Switzerland
2353:South Korea
2265:Ivory Coast
2037:Philippines
1855:Gambia, The
1842:El Salvador
854:Saint Lucia
787:New Zealand
774:Netherlands
540:legislature
7993:Categories
7926:Resolution
7830:9 February
7490:1 December
7445:1561591440
7394:11 January
7309:(1): 62–64
6891:(1): 39–60
6787:12 January
6759:15 January
6734:15 January
6687:12 January
6621:12 January
6596:12 January
6571:12 January
6546:12 January
6521:12 January
6496:12 January
6471:12 January
6443:12 January
6415:12 January
6390:12 January
6362:12 January
6276:Stortinget
6258:References
6048:Chancellor
5908:ex-officio
5730:co-princes
5726:ex officio
5642:federation
5599:, and the
5517:26 cantons
5477:ten states
5393:nine krais
5385:46 oblasts
5181:one region
4878:Federation
4872:Federation
4850:Uzbekistan
4743:24 oblasts
4687:21 regions
4654:Tajikistan
4263:16 regions
4219:15 regions
4214:Mauritania
4159:17 regions
4154:Kazakhstan
4119:20 regions
4007:18 regions
3975:19 regions
3851:16 regions
3802:Azerbaijan
3654:Bangladesh
3447:leads the
3397:leads the
2910:Uzbekistan
2828:Mozambique
2815:Mauritania
2802:Kazakhstan
2737:Azerbaijan
2590:Madagascar
2538:East Timor
2512:Cape Verde
2379:Tajikistan
2296:Kyrgyzstan
2064:Somaliland
2050:Seychelles
1790:Costa Rica
1503:San Marino
1115:Montenegro
748:Luxembourg
352:republic (
350:Theocratic
261:government
212:April 2024
196:improve it
150:April 2024
120:newspapers
49:improve it
7907:10 August
7548:30 August
7522:30 August
7281:158492144
7197:21 August
7151:21 August
7103:21 August
7070:9 October
6999:153349701
6951:909782158
6943:0152-0768
6895:21 August
6336:145748468
6182:religious
6092:free area
6060:Nominally
6004:President
5984:President
5964:President
5925:President
5723:serve as
5593:23 states
5588:Venezuela
5557:50 states
5497:17 states
5341:36 states
5237:32 states
5213:13 states
5193:Kurdistan
5153:28 states
5133:16 states
5017:26 states
4928:Australia
4904:Argentina
4855:3 regions
4719:9 regions
4659:3 regions
4634:Sri Lanka
4286:Nicaragua
4070:Indonesia
4027:9 regions
3951:5 regions
3694:Palestine
3018:, with a
3016:theocracy
2683:Sri Lanka
2577:Lithuania
2130:Venezuela
1972:Nicaragua
1907:Indonesia
1881:Guatemala
1699:Argentina
1661:president
1451:Mauritius
1154:Singapore
970:president
590:Australia
492:democracy
200:verifying
55:talk page
7964:14 April
7901:Archived
7858:14 April
7852:The Hill
7824:Archived
7799:20 March
7771:20 March
7739:20 March
7685:14 April
7628:4 August
7623:BBC News
7596:BBC News
7515:BBC News
7484:Archived
6876:(1997).
6819:3 August
6246:and the
6240:Disputed
6178:celibate
6156:elective
5848:and the
5815:de facto
5668:See also
5360:Pakistan
5208:Malaysia
5108:Ethiopia
5019:and the
4827:Scotland
4803:Scotland
4699:Zanzibar
4682:Tanzania
4515:de facto
4487:Príncipe
4446:Portugal
4379:province
4377:, and 1
3902:Colombia
3214:Eswatini
2952:Suriname
2644:Portugal
2603:Mongolia
2392:Tanzania
2239:Djibouti
2213:Cameroon
2186:Abkhazia
2156:Zimbabwe
2024:Paraguay
1946:Maldives
1894:Honduras
1764:Colombia
1605:Kiribati
1579:Botswana
1477:Pakistan
1267:Ethiopia
1241:Dominica
1228:Barbados
1180:Slovenia
1167:Slovakia
1024:Bulgaria
919:Thailand
761:Malaysia
642:Cambodia
434:de facto
7955:Reuters
7932:.
7820:Reuters
7711:27 July
7706:Reuters
7569:AP NEWS
7542:Reuters
7355:12 June
7313:3 April
7112:pléiade
6224:Taliban
6222:to the
6029:de jure
5846:Tokelau
5452:Somalia
5336:Nigeria
5289:Pohnpei
5128:Germany
5069:Anjouan
5056:Comoros
4968:Belgium
4948:Austria
4791:England
4738:Ukraine
4375:regions
4234:Moldova
4022:Georgia
3970:Finland
3946:Denmark
3826:Bolivia
3567:Myanmar
3440:Vietnam
3342:Eritrea
3137:Morocco
3059:Bahrain
2841:Namibia
2750:Belarus
2724:Austria
2696:Ukraine
2657:Romania
2499:Algeria
2471:cabinet
2418:Tunisia
2322:Senegal
2200:Burundi
2117:Uruguay
1985:Nigeria
1920:Liberia
1829:Ecuador
1777:Comoros
1725:Bolivia
1663:is the
1542:Vanuatu
1516:Somalia
1425:Lebanon
1332:Hungary
1306:Germany
1293:Georgia
1254:Estonia
1215:Armenia
1202:Albania
1102:Moldova
1089:Ireland
1076:Iceland
1063:Finland
1037:Croatia
735:Lesotho
709:Jamaica
696:Grenada
683:Denmark
616:Belgium
603:Bahamas
564:Andorra
548:monarch
484:de jure
426:de jure
194:Please
134:scholar
7928:
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6074:, the
5606:
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5559:, one
5549:
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5417:
5380:Russia
5377:
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5333:
5298:
5286:
5277:Kosrae
5274:
5262:
5249:
5232:Mexico
5229:
5205:
5190:
5169:
5145:
5125:
5105:
5093:Mohéli
5090:
5083:, and
5078:
5066:
5053:
5036:Canada
5033:
5012:Brazil
5009:
4985:
4965:
4945:
4925:
4901:
4888:parity
4861:, and
4847:
4816:
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4771:
4759:Crimea
4756:
4749:, and
4735:
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4696:
4689:, and
4679:
4665:, and
4651:
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4589:, and
4575:
4555:
4541:, and
4531:
4502:Serbia
4499:
4484:
4477:, and
4467:
4453:, and
4443:
4426:Poland
4423:
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4353:, and
4339:
4310:Norway
4307:
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4269:, and
4255:
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4211:
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4131:
4111:
4090:Israel
4087:
4067:
4053:, and
4046:Greece
4043:
4029:, and
4019:
4002:France
3999:
3984:
3977:, and
3967:
3953:, and
3943:
3923:
3909:, and
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3863:
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3809:, and
3799:
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3705:
3691:
3677:
3664:
3651:
3636:
3604:
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3544:
3527:Guinea
3524:
3504:
3484:
3437:
3416:
3387:
3363:
3339:
3315:
3291:
3266:by law
3250:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3201:Brunei
3198:
3173:
3160:
3147:
3134:
3124:Monaco
3121:
3108:
3098:Kuwait
3095:
3085:Jordan
3082:
3072:Bhutan
3069:
3056:
3009:
2949:
2936:
2907:
2896:Taiwan
2893:
2878:
2867:Russia
2864:
2851:
2838:
2825:
2812:
2799:
2786:
2773:
2760:
2747:
2734:
2721:
2693:
2680:
2667:
2654:
2641:
2631:Poland
2628:
2614:
2600:
2587:
2574:
2564:France
2561:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2496:
2446:Uganda
2443:
2429:
2415:
2402:
2389:
2376:
2363:
2350:
2332:
2319:
2309:Rwanda
2306:
2293:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2183:
2153:
2143:Zambia
2140:
2127:
2114:
2101:
2088:
2078:Turkey
2075:
2061:
2047:
2034:
2021:
2011:Panama
2008:
1995:
1982:
1969:
1959:Mexico
1956:
1943:
1933:Malawi
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1803:Cyprus
1800:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1748:
1738:Brazil
1735:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1686:Angola
1683:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1602:
1592:Guyana
1589:
1576:
1539:
1526:
1513:
1500:
1487:
1474:
1448:
1435:
1422:
1412:Latvia
1409:
1398:Kosovo
1395:
1381:
1371:Israel
1368:
1355:
1342:
1329:
1319:Greece
1316:
1303:
1290:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1177:
1164:
1151:
1141:Serbia
1138:
1125:
1112:
1099:
1086:
1073:
1060:
1047:
1034:
1021:
1008:
960:, the
942:
932:Tuvalu
929:
916:
906:Sweden
903:
890:
877:
864:
851:
838:
825:
815:Norway
812:
798:
784:
771:
758:
745:
732:
719:
706:
693:
680:
666:
655:Canada
652:
639:
629:Belize
626:
613:
600:
587:
574:
561:
414:
406:
404:
396:
394:
386:
384:
376:
374:
366:
364:
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312:
297:
295:
287:
285:
277:
275:
136:
129:
122:
115:
107:
7790:(PDF)
7648:(PDF)
7385:(PDF)
7277:S2CID
7232:(PDF)
7221:(PDF)
7174:(PDF)
7145:(PDF)
7134:(PDF)
7093:(PDF)
6995:S2CID
6919:(PDF)
6881:(PDF)
6813:(PDF)
6806:(PDF)
6778:(PDF)
6707:(PDF)
6678:(PDF)
6640:(PDF)
6462:(PDF)
6434:(PDF)
6381:(PDF)
6353:(PDF)
6332:S2CID
6312:(PDF)
5690:Notes
5644:or a
5492:Sudan
5437:Nevis
5316:Nepal
5265:Chuuk
5148:India
4835:Wales
4819:Wales
4606:Spain
4174:Kenya
4134:Japan
4114:Italy
3987:Åland
3846:Chile
3748:state
3721:Yemen
3680:Libya
3667:Haiti
3607:Sudan
3587:Niger
3507:Gabon
3294:China
3163:Tonga
3150:Qatar
2963:In a
2551:Egypt
2465:In a
2366:Syria
2337:(see
2280:(see
2278:Kenya
1998:Palau
1868:Ghana
1751:Chile
1712:Benin
1631:Nauru
1490:Samoa
1464:Nepal
1438:Malta
1384:Italy
1345:India
956:In a
893:Spain
722:Japan
519:is a
498:, or
420:Note:
141:JSTOR
127:books
7966:2022
7959:Aden
7909:2024
7860:2022
7832:2023
7801:2023
7773:2023
7741:2023
7713:2023
7687:2022
7659:2024
7630:2023
7604:2021
7578:2021
7550:2023
7524:2023
7492:2019
7440:ISBN
7415:ISBN
7396:2020
7357:2024
7315:2021
7240:2017
7199:2017
7153:2017
7105:2017
7072:2021
6958:2016
6947:OCLC
6939:ISSN
6929:ISBN
6897:2016
6821:2011
6789:2020
6761:2020
6736:2020
6689:2020
6623:2020
6598:2020
6573:2020
6548:2020
6523:2020
6498:2020
6473:2020
6445:2020
6417:2020
6392:2020
6364:2020
6193:The
6160:Pope
6120:The
6023:The
6006:and
5986:and
5966:and
5927:and
5838:Niue
5836:and
5832:The
5719:and
5715:The
5291:and
5215:and
5179:and
5172:Iraq
5155:and
4995:and
4911:and
4833:and
4809:and
4405:and
4373:(25
4370:Peru
3547:Mali
3453:list
3403:list
3390:Laos
3375:list
3351:list
3327:list
3318:Cuba
3303:list
3227:Oman
3012:Iran
2854:Peru
2763:Chad
2405:Togo
1358:Iraq
1280:Fiji
801:Niue
354:Iran
113:news
7307:147
7269:doi
7186:doi
7041:doi
6987:doi
6850:doi
6324:doi
6027:is
5301:Yap
3451:) (
3401:) (
3349:) (
3325:) (
3280:).
1655:In
478:by
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