461:
38:
841:
740:
900:
360:
573:
from different periods. However, Appian's sources remain uncertain, as he only mentions the source of his information under special circumstances. He may have relied primarily on one author for each book, whom he did not follow uncritically, since Appian also used additional sources for precision and
520:
structure. Appian most likely used this structure to facilitate his readers' orientation through the sequence of events, which are united only by their relationship to Rome. For example, the chapter on Spain recounts Roman history in Spain chronologically with the Romans' first intervention in Spain
305:
are the only extant comprehensive description of these momentous decades of Roman history. The other extant work of Appian is his "The
Foreign Wars", which includes an ethnographic style history recounting the various military conflicts against a foreign enemy in Roman history, until the time of
533:
in roughly 61 BC. Likewise, the chapter on the
Hannibalic wars only recounts the battles that took place on the Italian Peninsula during the second Punic war, while the chapters on the Punic War recount all the action that occurred in northern Africa during the first and second Punic war.
338:
and definitely
Antoninus Pius, for Appian remained in Egypt at least until the end of the reign of Trajan (117). In the letter of Cornelius Fronto, it is revealed that a request on behalf of Appian to receive the rank of procurator occurred during the
425:
Besides Appian, this period is also covered by a handful of ancient authors with varying degrees of detail and viewpoints. The commentaries of Julius Caesar record his personal, mainly military, observations of the
434:'s Roman biographies sketch the lives of the major leaders of the late Republican period, recording events Plutarch thought interesting and give only a perfunctory explanation of historic events. The Roman author
390:, namely books 6-7, much of 8, 9, and 11, and 12-17 (only fragments of books 1-5 and of the remainder of 8 and 9 are preserved, while books 10 and 18-24 are lost entirely). The section of this history known as
314:
Little is known of the life of Appian of
Alexandria. He wrote an autobiography that has been almost completely lost. Information about Appian is distilled from his own writings and a letter by his friend
422:. These five books stand out because they are one of the few comprehensive histories available on the transition of the Roman state from Republic to Empire and the ensuing civil and military strife.
438:' history examines Roman history from the city's foundation until AD 29. This history is more detailed in the late Republic and early Empire period, while the earlier history is condensed. The
347:
between 147 and 161. Although Appian won this office, it is unclear whether it was a real job or an honorific title. The only other certain biographical datum is that Appian's
386:
Appian began writing his history around the middle of the second century AD. Only sections from half of the original 24 books survive today of a much larger history known as
480:
in 151 BC. The historian Appian is depicted at right recording events; this is a poetic fiction, as Appian was writing from a standpoint three centuries in the future.
488:. This history describes the wars the Romans fought against other cultures throughout their history. The mostly extant work narrates the wars in Spain (book 6), the
963:
327:
586:
Appiani
Alexandrini Historia Publio Candido interprete Ac praeterea Anonymi Compendium historiae ab excessu Constantini usque ad Ioannem XXIII
279:
than a connected history. It gives an account of various peoples and countries from the earliest times down to their incorporation into the
334:
he boasts "that he pleaded cases in Rome before the emperors." The emperors he claims to have addressed must have been either
Hadrian or
760:
319:. However, it is certain that Appian was born around the year AD 95 in Alexandria, the capital of Roman Egypt. Since his parents were
755:
525:. The book goes on to describe the Roman conquest of several regions of Spain, followed by their wars with Spanish tribes and the
988:
477:
569:
One might expect that a historical work covering nine centuries and countless different peoples would involve a multitude of
301:
and take a conflict-based view and approach to history. Despite the lack of cited sources for his works, these books of the
968:
906:
446:, also covers Roman history from mythical times until the 5th century AD in an extremely condensed format. The history of
283:, and survives in complete books and considerable fragments. The work is very valuable, especially for the period of the
236:, an important official of the imperial treasury). It was in 147 at the earliest that he was appointed to the office of
881:
646:. Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 2007. 309 pp. (Pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università di Pavia, 116).
973:
948:
943:
722:
450:
of Sicily also covers Roman history until the Gallic Wars, but his history becomes fragmentary after around 300 BC.
323:
capable of paying for their son's education, it can be inferred that Appian belonged to the wealthy upper classes.
978:
938:
998:
993:
244:, an influential rhetorician and advocate. Because the position of procurator was open only to members of the
676:
554:
460:
958:
953:
854:
808:
657:
284:
574:
correction. At our present state of knowledge questions regarding Appian's sources cannot be resolved.
435:
869:
626:
546:
248:(the "knightly" class), his possession of this office tells us about Appian's family background.
241:
20:
609:
351:
appeared sometime before 162. This is one of the few primary historical sources for the period.
983:
714:
708:
615:
71:
43:
669:
152:
37:
745:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
541:, books 18-21 discussed Egypt, book 22 covered the history of the Empire up to the reign of
840:
8:
933:
928:
845:
419:
276:
245:
237:
636:
718:
570:
221:
885:
537:
Of the books which are now entirely lost, book 10 described the wars in Greece and
497:
447:
316:
264:
114:
860:
806:
Brodersen, Kai (1996). "Appian". In
Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.).
602:
493:
335:
558:
368:
298:
272:
217:
206:
187:
165:
141:
682:
Books XIII–XVII (Civil Wars), trans. John Carter, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1996
484:
Another work of Appian's history which still survives mostly extant is called
922:
751:
746:
526:
501:
465:
320:
195:
764:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 221–222.
876:
517:
403:
344:
280:
191:
91:
661:
427:
864:
849:
489:
398:. This history narrates the history of the Romans from the time of the
340:
213:
67:
908:
Appien: Histoire romaine. Tome X, livre XV: Guerres civiles, livre III
500:(book 12). Several small fragments also survive, describing the early
644:
Commento storico al libro II delle Guerre Civili di
Appiano (parte I)
550:
530:
513:
509:
157:
890:
584:
516:(book 8), and the Gauls (book 4). Especially notable is this work's
894:
522:
505:
473:
431:
326:
It is believed that Appian moved to Rome in 120, where he became a
229:
713:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Loeb Classical Library. pp.
469:
399:
202:
857:
of the Civil Wars (Mendelssohn ed.) at
Perseus Digital Library.
542:
492:
in both Italy and Africa (books 7 and 8), the wars against the
443:
415:
411:
198:
42:
A page of the Latin translation of Appian’s "Roman
History" by
538:
504:(book 1) and the wars against the central Italians (book 2),
407:
256:
145:
374:
275:
in 24 books, before 165. This work more closely resembles a
225:
129:
126:
359:
240:, probably in Egypt, on the recommendation of his friend
120:
19:
This article is about the historian. For other uses, see
905:
Review of Paul Goukowsky and Phillippe Torrens, eds.,
529:. The chapter on Spain concludes with the war against
827:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
812:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 130.
132:
123:
194:citizenship who prospered during the reigns of the
117:
785:A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto
232:, pleading cases before the emperors (probably as
920:
394:comprises books 13–17 of the original 24 of the
964:Greek-language historians from the Roman Empire
598:(a translation of Appian's History into Latin)
216:. After holding the senior offices in the
557:, and book 24 described his annexation of
46:, with imaginary portrait of the historian
36:
805:
635:(Greek text, French translation, notes),
750:
459:
358:
921:
783:Michael Petrus Josephus Van Den Hout,
707:White, Horace (1912). "Introduction".
702:
700:
656:W. B., 1578 (black letter) – possibly
251:His principal surviving work (Ρωμαϊκά
16:Greco-Roman historian (c. 95 – c. 165)
801:
799:
797:
731:
706:
697:
453:
343:of Marcus Aurelius and his brother
13:
794:
672:, 1899 (Bohn's Classical Library);
418:, to break off in the time of the
14:
1010:
833:
589:(in Latin). World Digital Library
228:c. 120, where he practised as an
898:
839:
738:
545:, book 23 covered Trajan's wars
512:(book 9), Macedonians (book 9),
297:, concern mainly the end of the
113:
989:Government accounting officials
819:
621:Ludwig Mendelssohn, 1878–1905,
777:
768:
1:
686:
677:James Leigh Strachan-Davidson
330:. In the introduction to his
180:
173:
82:
59:
825:William Smith (ed.) (1870),
691:
402:, through the civil wars of
367:. Printed in Venice 1477 by
158:
7:
969:2nd-century Egyptian people
897:(public domain audiobooks)
809:Oxford Classical Dictionary
577:
10:
1015:
913:Bryn Mawr Classical Review
829:, Vol. 1, pp. 247–248
564:
146:
18:
98:
78:
51:
35:
28:
974:Ancient Egyptian writers
949:2nd-century Greek people
944:1st-century Greek people
882:Works by or about Appian
633:Appien. Histoire romaine
478:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
440:Epitome of Roman History
354:
761:Encyclopædia Britannica
642:Carsana, Chiara (ed.).
631:Paul Goukowsky, 1997–,
627:Bibliotheca Teubneriana
623:Appiani Historia Romana
309:
242:Marcus Cornelius Fronto
21:Appian (disambiguation)
979:Roman-era Alexandrians
939:2nd-century historians
710:Appian's Roman History
481:
371:
169:
44:Pier Candido Decembrio
999:Ancient Roman jurists
994:Ancient Roman equites
463:
362:
293:, books 13–17 of the
212:He was born c. 95 in
170:Appianus Alexandrinus
56:Appianus Alexandrinus
651:English translations
521:during the War with
472:going out to defend
277:series of monographs
224:(Egypt), he went to
160:Appianòs Alexandreús
147:Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς
109:Appian of Alexandria
855:Original Greek text
547:against the Dacians
496:(book 11), and the
476:from the troops of
400:Gracchan tribunates
959:2nd-century Romans
954:1st-century Romans
844:Works by or about
482:
420:Second Triumvirate
372:
179: –
675:Book I edited by
388:The Roman History
271:) was written in
155:
106:
105:
102:Historian, lawyer
1006:
902:
901:
886:Internet Archive
843:
814:
813:
803:
792:
787:, Volume 190 of
781:
775:
774:Appian Proem. 62
772:
766:
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742:
741:
735:
729:
728:
704:
597:
595:
594:
498:Mithridatic Wars
486:The Foreign Wars
455:The Foreign Wars
317:Cornelius Fronto
246:equestrian order
185:
182:
178:
175:
163:
151:
149:
148:
139:
138:
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88:(aged around 70)
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64:
61:
40:
26:
25:
1014:
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1008:
1007:
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1004:
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919:
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899:
891:Works by Appian
836:
822:
817:
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795:
782:
778:
773:
769:
754:, ed. (1911). "
739:
737:
736:
732:
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705:
698:
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689:
637:Collection Budé
603:Editio princeps
592:
590:
583:
580:
567:
494:Seleucid Empire
458:
384:
365:Historia Romana
357:
336:Marcus Aurelius
312:
261:Historia Romana
234:advocatus fisci
190:historian with
183:
176:
116:
112:
94:
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834:External links
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752:Chisholm, Hugh
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658:William Barker
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559:Arabia Petraea
468:depicting the
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452:
392:The Civil Wars
383:
381:The Civil Wars
373:
369:Erhard Ratdolt
356:
353:
332:Roman History,
321:Roman citizens
311:
308:
299:Roman Republic
291:The Civil Wars
207:Antoninus Pius
196:Roman Emperors
104:
103:
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95:
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985:
984:Tax officials
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791:(Brill, 1999)
790:
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763:
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757:
753:
748:
747:public domain
734:
726:
724:0-674-99002-1
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608:
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582:
581:
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572:
562:
560:
556:
555:the Parthians
552:
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532:
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527:Numantine War
524:
519:
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502:Roman kingdom
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495:
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479:
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466:Eugenio Oliva
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34:
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877:LacusCurtius
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820:Bibliography
807:
788:
784:
779:
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759:
733:
709:
670:Horace White
643:
632:
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601:
591:. Retrieved
585:
568:
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518:ethnographic
485:
483:
464:Painting by
454:
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385:
380:
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364:
348:
345:Lucius Verus
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281:Roman Empire
268:
260:
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250:
233:
211:
159:
108:
107:
662:Shakespeare
428:Gallic Wars
255:, known in
72:Roman Egypt
934:165 deaths
923:Categories
872:Civil Wars
865:Livius.org
850:Wikisource
687:References
666:J. D, 1679
660:– used by
593:2014-02-28
508:(book 3),
490:Punic Wars
341:co-regency
285:civil wars
238:procurator
214:Alexandria
86: 165
68:Alexandria
929:95 births
870:Appian's
789:Mnemosyne
692:Citations
531:Sertorius
514:Numidians
510:Illyrians
375:Appian's
177: 95
153:translit.
63: 95
895:LibriVox
578:Editions
551:the Jews
523:Hannibal
506:Samnites
474:Palencia
448:Diodorus
436:Velleius
432:Plutarch
363:Appian:
306:Appian.
230:advocate
222:Aegyptus
218:province
186:) was a
884:at the
749::
715:vii–xii
679:, 1902.
571:sources
565:Sources
470:Vaccaei
265:English
263:and in
253:Romaiká
203:Hadrian
861:Appian
846:Appian
756:Appian
743:
721:
618:, 1852
616:Bekker
612:, 1785
606:, 1551
553:, and
543:Trajan
444:Florus
416:Pompey
412:Caesar
404:Marius
328:lawyer
205:, and
199:Trajan
156:
30:Appian
539:Ionia
408:Sulla
355:Works
273:Greek
257:Latin
192:Roman
188:Greek
166:Latin
142:Greek
911:in:
719:ISBN
414:and
379:and
310:Life
226:Rome
92:Rome
79:Died
52:Born
893:at
875:at
863:at
848:at
758:".
442:by
267:as
259:as
220:of
925::
796:^
717:.
699:^
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