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931:, fifteen miles away. Following a forced night march across the snow-covered roads, the first of his troops reached the battlefield at 6:00 A.M. Bonaparte deployed them on the left flank when the battle began. They were shifted to strengthen the sagging center and then deployed to crush an Austrian flanking maneuver. Masséna's troops played a decisive role in the victory. The next day, with very little rest, Masséna and his troops marched 39 miles in 24 hours to intercept a second Austrian army advancing to relieve Mantua. At
1053:
was mentioned or written", Masséna threatened to end all negotiations. Two days later, a few of the French left the city by sea, but the bulk of Masséna's starving and exhausted troops marched out of the city with all their equipment and followed the road along the coast toward France, ending the siege of almost 60 days. The siege was an astonishing demonstration of tenacity, ingenuity, courage, and daring that garnered additional laurels for Masséna and placed him in a category previously reserved for
Bonaparte alone.
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935:, he closed the pincer on the Austrian army, forcing their surrender. In the space of five days, Masséna's division played a major role in an operation that left over 35,000 Austrian soldiers either dead or captured. Two weeks later, the 30,000-man garrison at Mantua surrendered. With his final victory complete, Napoleon praised Masséna with the name
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Although many of
Napoleon's generals were trained at the finest French and European military academies, Masséna was among those who achieved greatness without the benefit of formal education. While those of noble rank acquired their education and promotions as a matter of privilege, Masséna rose from
1052:
and was now threatening the main
Austrian army. Describing the situation at Genoa, Ott requested and received permission to continue the siege. On 4 June, with one day's rations remaining, Masséna's negotiator finally agreed to evacuate the French Army from Genoa. However, "if the word capitulation
1325:
Masséna's wife stayed at their home in
Antibes during his campaigns. Their first child, Marie Anne Elisabeth, was born on 8 July 1790, but died only four years later. Their first son Jacques Prosper, born 25 June 1793, inherited his father's title as 2nd Prince of Essling on 3 July 1818. Victoire
956:. As Russian reinforcements marched to support the Austrian armies in Italy and Switzerland, the Directory consolidated the remnants of the French armies under Masséna's command. With a force totaling approximately 90,000 men, Masséna was ordered to defend the entire frontier. He was defeated by
964:
over 4-6 June. After the
Austrian night attack over 4/5 June, both sides rested on 5 June, but when the Austrians resumed their attack on 6 June, Masséna had abandoned the city and taken up positions in the surrounding mountains. Becoming aware of the advance of Russian Field Marshal
1064:
before sufficient reinforcements could be transferred from the siege site. Less than three weeks after the evacuation, Bonaparte wrote to Masséna, "I am not able to give you a greater mark of the confidence I have in you than by giving you command of the first army of the
Republic
1044:. By the end of May, plague had spread throughout Genoa and the civilian population was in revolt. Negotiations were begun for the exchange of prisoners early in June, but the citizens and some of the garrison clamored for capitulation. Unknown to Masséna, the Austrian general
1073:
but in front of Genoa." Masséna was made commander of French forces in Italy, though he was later dismissed by
Napoleon. Despite the praise, Napoleon also criticized Masséna for capitulating too early in his memoirs, contrasting his actions with those of the Gauls under
827:
along the
Italian border. Masséna prepared his battalion for battle in the hope that it would be incorporated into the regular army. That October, a month after the occupation of Nice, the battalion was one of four volunteer battalions that became part of the French
753:, on 6 May 1758. He was the son of shopkeeper Jules Masséna (Giulio Massena), who became a wine merchant, and his wife Marguerite Fabre. André's father died in 1764, and after his mother remarried, he was sent to live with his father's relatives.
1284:
until he was removed for his background. When
Napoleon returned from exile the following year, Masséna took Napoleon's side once again, and was awarded as a Peer of France but remained as a local commander. The day after Napoleon's
1521:
1326:
Thècle was born on 28 September 1794 and married Honoré Charles Reille on 12 September 1814. François Victor, born on 2 April 1799, became 2nd Duke of Rivoli, 3rd Prince of
Essling, and married Anne Debelle on 19 April 1823.
1151:
and the Supreme Council. Under the Empire, he was a member of the Sainte Caroline lodge in Paris. He is also "worshipful of honor" in various Masonic lodges, such as "Les Frères Réunis" in Paris, "La Parfaite Amitié" in
8645:
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1005:, arguably the greatest French victory of 1799–1800. Unable to break through the French lines and aware of Korsakov's disastrous defeat, the Russian general turned east through the high and difficult
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By forcing the Austrians to deploy vast forces against him at Genoa, Masséna made it possible for Bonaparte to cross Great St Bernard Pass, surprise the Austrians, and ultimately defeat General
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Masséna had a French battleship named after him. The ship was built as part of the 1890 French naval construction program. It was the fourth of five ships, and was designed by naval architect
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trap prepared by Wellington in absolute secrecy. After losing 21.000 men of 61.000 in several months of hunger, Masséna was forced to retreat due to lack of food and supplies, an example of
1021:. So, Suvorov decided that to evade the French forces awaiting him, he would march into the 9,000 foot high mountains of the Panikh range. After a difficult march, the Russian army reached
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and became, in November, "grand representative of the grand master of the Supreme Council"; in this capacity, he was one of the negotiators of the concordat established between the
645:, being a vital commander in many of the significant French victories and was at the helm of the French advance into Austrian territory, compelling them to open peace negotiations.
1245:. Masséna withdrew to the Spanish frontier, allegedly prompting Napoleon to comment, "So, Prince of Essling, you are no longer Masséna." After suffering defeats at the battles of
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In addition to his battlefield successes, Masséna's leadership aided the careers of many. A majority of the French marshals of the time served under his command at some point.
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1202:, Masséna's troops hung onto the village of Aspern through two days of savage fighting. He was rewarded on 31 January 1810 with a second, now princely, victory title,
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In 1808, Masséna was accidentally shot during a hunting expedition with the imperial suite. It is unclear as to whether he was shot by Napoleon himself or by Marshal
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671:, and Masséna did not serve the French military again, instead becoming the local commander at Marseille, ending his military career in disgrace and obscurity.
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1373:, also named after him. The palatial Museé Masséna in Nice houses memorabilia of Masséna's life but was constructed by his grandson and is named for him.
1305:. He was disinclined to prove his royalist loyalties after the defeat of Napoleon, and was also a member of the court-martial that refused to try Marshal
1069:." Even the Austrians recognized the significance of Masséna's defense; the Austrian chief of staff declared firmly, "You won the battle, not in front of
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780:, the highest rank a non-nobleman could achieve. On 10 August that year, he married Anne Marie Rosalie Lamare, daughter of a surgeon in
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1013:. Despite the superiority of the French forces, Masséna was ultimately defeated, as he suffered defeat in the simultaneous battles of
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relief army was sent to aid Mantua in January 1797, the French forces were overrun near Rivoli, while other enemy columns advanced on
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667:. After suffering crushing defeats at the battles of Sabugal and Fuentes de Oñoro, Napoleon sacked and replaced Masséna with Marshal
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Caresse, Philippe. The Battleship Masséna. In Jordan, John (ed.) Warship 2023. Oxford: Osprey, 2023, pp. 142-158. ISBN 9781472857132
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in 1795. When Napoleon Bonaparte took command in March 1796, Masséna was commanding the two divisions of the army's advance guard.
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638:(the Dear Child of Victory). He is considered to be one of the greatest generals of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
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as a private in the Royal Italian Regiment. By the time he left the service in 1789, Masséna had risen to the rank of
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2559:
2547:
880:, Masséna became one of Bonaparte's most important subordinates. He played a significant role in the battles of
788:
in Northern Italy, he rejoined the army in 1791 and was made an officer, rising to the rank of colonel by 1792.
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humble origins to such prominence that Napoleon referred to him as "the greatest name of my military empire".
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The lines of Torres Vedras : the cornerstone of Wellington's strategy in the Peninsular War, 1809-1812
1523:
The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History
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1029:, abandoning his baggage and artillery. This, among other events, led to Russia's withdrawal from the
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Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
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Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
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Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
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1136:, and commanded the right wing of the Grand Army in Poland in 1807. He was granted his first ducal
969:
toward St. Gotthard in September, Masséna had used his troops in the south of Switzerland: General
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The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2.
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It was not until 1809 that he returned to active service, this time against the forces of the
616:; born Andrea Massena; 6 May 1758 – 4 April 1817), was a French military commander during the
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1703:
Dictionnaire de la franc-maçonnerie - Daniel Ligou (Presses universitaires de France, 1998).
1217:, Napoleon appointed Masséna as Commander of the Army of Portugal in 1810. Masséna captured
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Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1.
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and in turn named for the community in New York, honors Masséna with a portrait of him in
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Bonaparte to Masséna, 25 June 1800, Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, No. 4951, VI, 489-90.
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was settled by French lumbermen in the early 19th century and named in Masséna's honor.
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Masséna distinguished himself in battle and was quickly promoted, attaining the rank of
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on 24 September, delaying his advance north towards Zurich. Suvorov then faced General
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997:. The same day, 25 September, Masséna defeated the Austro-Russian force under General
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in May. He led an independent army that captured Verona and fought the Austrians at
1094:
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In 1799, Masséna was granted an important command in Switzerland, replacing General
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and Mantua. At 5:00 P.M. on 13 January, Masséna was ordered to march from Verona to
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1415:
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in Italy by the Austrians, while Bonaparte marched with the Army of the Reserve to
942:
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543:
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389:
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2824:
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2348:
2140:
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1778:
1580:"INS Scholarship 1997: André Masséna, Prince D'Essling, in the Age of Revolution"
1472:
970:
870:
858:
777:
621:
612:
560:
334:
292:
8109:
5332:
2979:
1920:
1380:. It did not see major combat, and its final service was as a breakwater in the
8534:
8476:
8282:
8104:
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7604:
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7407:
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4281:
4033:
3377:
3357:
3347:
3307:
3180:
3027:
1973:
1619:
1238:
1214:
1186:. At the beginning of the campaign, Masséna led the IV Corps at the battles of
660:
659:
in 1809. Masséna however would go on to have a terrible performance during the
603:
359:
104:
3392:
2190:
1907:
by Donald D. Horward for the "Journal of the International Napoleonic Society"
8604:
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7984:
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7614:
7175:
7118:
4820:
3524:
3382:
3312:
2961:
2860:
2614:
2602:
2541:
2130:
1913:
1358:
1354:
1269:
1137:
1120:
Not until 1804 did Masséna regain Napoleon's trust. That year, he was made a
1099:
1079:
1075:
974:
769:
761:
8014:
1492:
The French Campaign in Portugal, An Account by Jean Jacques Pelet, 1810-1811
772:. In 1775, after four years at sea, he returned to Nice and enlisted in the
8555:
8500:
8414:
8369:
8197:
8079:
7871:
7028:
7013:
6983:
3372:
3208:
2949:
2740:
2180:
986:
1600:
Rewbell to Masséna, 14 February 1797, Koch, Mémories de Masséna I, lxxxix.
1225:
after successful sieges, but suffered a first setback at the hands of the
1194:. Later in the war, when Napoleon tried to cross to the north bank of the
8409:
8267:
8157:
7934:
7904:
7053:
6373:
6166:
5160:
5130:
5118:
5075:
4830:
2967:
2878:
2517:
2095:
1370:
1281:
1070:
1006:
257:
8507:
8313:
8152:
7768:
7123:
5598:
4845:
3093:
2135:
1306:
1105:
1026:
8020:
8147:
7793:
7704:
7287:
6656:
2318:
1905:
André Masséna, Prince D'Essling, in the Age of Revolution (1789-1815)
1258:
785:
757:
5364:
823:
broke out in April 1792, Masséna and his battalion were deployed to
684:
8646:
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
8495:
8490:
8429:
8308:
8182:
6948:
4810:
2523:
1280:
Masséna retained briefly his command after the restoration of King
824:
808:
629:
5492:
3123:
1048:
had been ordered to raise the siege because Bonaparte had crossed
1157:
784:; they lived together in her home town. After a brief stint as a
781:
1195:
1153:
1010:
924:
664:
7563:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
1919:
7497:
1424:, detailing France's failed attempt to re-invade Portugal in
1294:
1110:
1041:
1022:
475:
1661:
Masséna to Ott, 2 June 1800, Gachot, Le Siège de Gênes, 241.
1650:
Histoire militaire de Masséna, La Campagne d'Helvétie (1799)
1425:
1408:
1366:
1161:
857:) that December. He was prominent in every campaign on the
746:
577:
160:
8636:
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
7537:
1233:
on 27 September. He followed the retreating allies to the
1178:
Heraldic achievement of André Masséna as Prince of Essling
7377:
888:
in the spring, and took a leading role at the battles of
2020:
1257:
and did not serve again, becoming a local commander at
1132:. Masséna was given control of operations against the
1477:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Bachelin-Deflorenne.
8293:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
1964:
1939:
1507:. Montreal: International Napoleonic Society, p. 20.
8525:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
5615:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1486:
1484:
1550:Sobel, Brian; Morelock, Jerry D. (11 April 2016).
1393:Masséna is mentioned and/or appears in several of
1309:. Masséna died in Paris in 1817 and was buried at
1143:In 1804, he participated in the reorganization of
1625:The Art of War of Revolutionary France, 1789–1802
1574:
1572:
8602:
7451:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1481:
5323:England expects that every man will do his duty
2220:
663:in defeat, hampering the French war efforts in
5493:Significant civil and political events by year
1738:Napoleon's Peninsular Marshals: A Reassessment
1679:James Marshall-Cornwall, Marshal Massena, 115.
1569:
1519:
1171:, but he lost the use of one eye as a result.
1025:on 8 October and then crossed the treacherous
19:"Massena" redirects here. For other uses, see
5380:
3139:
2206:
2006:
1772:Monuments and Memorials of the Napoleonic Era
1549:
8546:
8505:
8481:
8462:
7446:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1470:
936:
848:
838:
829:
633:
6133:
713:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
7650:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
5387:
5373:
3146:
3132:
2213:
2199:
2013:
1999:
1313:, in a tomb he shares with his son-in-law
1289:on 22 June 1815, he was named head of the
116:
8681:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
7915:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
7573:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
7396:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
985:'s French division blocking the route at
756:At the age of thirteen, Masséna became a
733:Learn how and when to remove this message
641:Masséna distinguished himself during the
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
8347:
5631:Nationalization of the Church properties
1821:
1807:. London: Macmillan Publishing Company.
1802:
1618:
1414:Masséna appears as a minor character in
1268:
1173:
1104:
1093:
807:
795:
39:This article includes a list of general
8576:Historiography of the French Revolution
7847:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
7558:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
1688:
1552:"The 100 Greatest Generals of All Time"
908:in the summer and fall, as well as the
861:over the next two years, including the
8603:
7583:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
7538:Other significant figures and factions
3469:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
1712:
1334:Masséna is the namesake of one of the
1115:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire de Neuchâtel
8451:
8346:
7630:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
7536:
7386:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
7325:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
7283:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
6886:
6132:
5763:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
5491:
5394:
5368:
5151:Spanish American wars of independence
3127:
2194:
1994:
1911:
1872:
1628:. Greenhill Books. pp. 11, 200.
1520:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory, ed. (2006).
1140:as Duke of Rivoli on 24 August 1808.
791:
611:
7784:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
7196:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
6887:
5983:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1749:Elting, Swords Around a Throne, 141.
1515:
1513:
711:adding citations to reliable sources
678:
25:
8661:Marshals of the First French Empire
8651:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
8452:
7391:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
5136:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
3153:
1206:, for his efforts there and in the
878:campaign in Italy from 1796 to 1797
13:
8641:French people of Sardinian descent
8581:Influence of the French Revolution
8571:Symbolism in the French Revolution
7335:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
7296:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
5551:Convocation of the Estates General
1899:Heraldry.prg - Napoleonic heraldry
1609:Marshall-Cornwall, Massena, 72-74.
1243:attrition warfare against Napoleon
1089:
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
8692:
8621:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
8223:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
7955:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
7257:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
7039:François Christophe de Kellermann
6278:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2421:Ambroise-François de Bournonville
1892:
1832:Napoleon's 1796 Italian Campaign.
1510:
1490:Horward, Donald D. (ed.) (1973).
1338:that circle Paris, having also a
1301:, but was soon replaced upon the
7950:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
7857:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
7827:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
7718:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
7496:
7461:
7431:
7406:
7363:
7237:
7114:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
6895:
5667:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
5011:Frederick William III of Prussia
4991:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
2315:Guillaume de Poitiers: 1478–14..
2179:
2034:
1927:. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.
1922:The New Student's Reference Work
1912:Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914).
1404:How the Brigadier Saved the Army
1387:
683:
624:. He was one of the original 18
576:
559:
542:
525:
508:
491:
474:
450:
443:
436:
419:
238:
226:
214:
202:
30:
8288:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
8035:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
7960:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
7171:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
7166:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
7146:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
6974:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
5892:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
5131:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
5061:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
2675:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
1953:31 January 1810 – 4 April 1817
1796:
1784:
1765:
1752:
1743:
1731:
1706:
1697:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1642:
1474:Dictionnaire des anoblissements
1128:and later, on 30 October 1805,
768:and on two extended voyages to
8561:Women in the French Revolution
8163:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
7340:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
7004:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
6633:French invasion of Switzerland
5046:Prince Regent John of Portugal
4956:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
4901:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
4896:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
2494:Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry
1978:24 August 1808 – 4 April 1817
1612:
1603:
1594:
1543:
1529:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 618–622.
1497:
1464:
1160:or "Les Vrais Amis Réunis" in
1:
8566:Incroyables and merveilleuses
8385:Pierre Claude François Daunou
8173:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
7304:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
7275:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
6572:Naval Engagement off Brittany
6325:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
6299:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
6108:Constitution of the Year VIII
5843:Committee of General Security
5728:National Legislative Assembly
5583:National Constituent Assembly
5071:Prince Charles John of Sweden
2723:François Certain de Canrobert
1875:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1858:Clausewitz, Carl von (2021).
1844:Clausewitz, Carl von (2020).
1830:Clausewitz, Carl von (2018).
1803:Chandler, David, ed. (1987).
1458:
1264:
1253:, he was replaced by Marshal
938:l'enfant chéri de la victoire
674:
635:l'Enfant chéri de la Victoire
142:l'Enfant chéri de la Victoire
123:
8484:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
8278:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
8168:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
8065:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
7965:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
7655:Charles Malo François Lameth
7330:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
7161:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
7104:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
6304:Second Battle of Wissembourg
5991:Constitution of the Year III
2917:Military governors of Paris
2903:Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
2889:Military governors of Paris
2594:Military governors of Paris
2560:Barthélemy Catherine Joubert
2487:of the Armed Forces in Paris
1229:'s Anglo-Portuguese army at
800:Masséna as a general of the
7:
8631:Military governors of Paris
8380:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
8005:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
7940:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
7900:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
7779:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
7764:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
7759:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
7568:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
7421:William V, Prince of Orange
6291:First Battle of Wissembourg
6248:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
5964:Closing of the Jacobin Club
5833:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
5790:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
5650:Abolition of the Parlements
5623:Women's March on Versailles
2891:under the German occupation
2729:Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers
2711:Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers
2596:after the French Revolution
2343:Antoine de La Rochefoucauld
2222:Military governors of Paris
1503:Franceschi, Michel (2005).
1446:
865:in 1794 and the battles of
10:
8697:
8515:French Republican calendar
8070:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
7695:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
7049:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
6999:Charles François Dumouriez
6989:Jacques François Dugommier
6803:League of Armed Neutrality
6636:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
6588:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
6411:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
6390:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
6054:Second Congress of Rastatt
5838:Committee of Public Safety
5825:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
4906:Frederick I of Württemberg
3276:Confederation of the Rhine
2379:Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie
1494:. Minneapolis, MN, p. 501.
1440:Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro
1336:Boulevards of the Marshals
745:André Masséna was born in
643:War of the First Coalition
370:Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro
129:after an 1814 original by
18:
8530:Cult of the Supreme Being
8458:
8447:
8353:
8342:
8301:
8135:
8128:
8013:
7870:
7792:
7703:
7690:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
7596:
7545:Patriotic Society of 1789
7543:
7532:
7494:
7459:
7429:
7404:
7361:
7348:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
7270:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
7235:
7226:
7204:
6909:
6893:
6882:
6851:
6814:
6787:Convention of Alessandria
6769:
6676:
6623:
6554:
6424:
6398:
6315:
6212:
6139:
6128:
6084:
6073:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
6065:
6038:
5975:
5911:
5806:
5739:
5688:
5642:
5534:What Is the Third Estate?
5525:
5498:
5487:
5402:
5285:
5169:
5084:
5066:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
5056:William, Prince of Orange
4919:
4866:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
4799:
4792:
4672:
4551:
4415:
4244:
4158:
4112:
3861:
3755:
3679:
3573:
3487:
3439:
3430:
3326:
3227:
3218:
3195:French Invasion of Russia
3161:
2916:
2888:
2795:Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet
2789:Georges-Auguste Florentin
2593:
2512:Jacques-François de Menou
2500:Jacques-François de Menou
2484:
2250:Waléran III de Luxembourg
2228:
2177:
2041:
2032:
1980:
1971:
1955:
1946:
1934:
1824:The Campaigns of Napoleon
1329:
1320:
821:French Revolutionary Wars
802:French Revolutionary Army
618:French Revolutionary Wars
427:
415:
384:
288:French Revolutionary Wars
273:
263:
251:
197:
184:
170:
147:
137:
122:Portrait of Masséna made
115:
92:
8238:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
8203:Joséphine de Beauharnais
8085:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
8055:François-Nicolas Vincent
8040:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
7214:Charles-Alexandre Linois
7109:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
7089:François Séverin Marceau
7069:François Joseph Lefebvre
6964:Jean-Étienne Championnet
6939:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
6934:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
6929:Alexandre de Beauharnais
6919:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
6641:French Invasion of Egypt
6519:Second Battle of Bassano
6253:Battle of Kaiserslautern
6027:Conspiracy of the Equals
5720:The Constitution of 1791
5591:Storming of the Bastille
4976:Archduke John of Austria
4971:Prince von Schwarzenberg
4816:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
2639:Louis Sébastien Grundler
2572:François Joseph Lefebvre
2385:Jean-Francois de Faudoas
1822:Chandler, David (1966).
1689:Roberts, Andrew (2014).
1648:Gachot, Édouard (1904).
1453:Suvorov's Swiss campaign
1200:Battle of Aspern-Essling
1169:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
21:Massena (disambiguation)
8218:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
8090:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
8050:Antoine-François Momoro
8045:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
7862:François de Neufchâteau
7812:Charles-François Lebrun
7754:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
7635:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
7511:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
7317:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
7312:Karl Mack von Leiberich
6944:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
6758:Second Battle of Zurich
6649:Irish Rebellion of 1798
6495:First Battle of Bassano
6333:Second Battle of Boulou
6134:Revolutionary campaigns
6092:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
6007:Council of Five Hundred
5795:First republic declared
5731:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
5712:Declaration of Pillnitz
5436:Constitutional monarchy
4911:Frederick VI of Denmark
4861:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3651:Greater Poland uprising
3474:Duc d'Enghien Execution
2956:Louis-Constant Morlière
2433:Gabriel de Rochechouart
2361:François de Montmorency
2231:under the Ancien Régime
1984:Jacques Prosper Masséna
1959:Jacques Prosper Masséna
1781:. Honoré Charles Reille
1740:. Richard Humble, 1972.
1693:. Penguin. p. 330.
1156:, "L'Étroite Union" in
1003:Second Battle of Zurich
971:Claude Jacques Lecourbe
954:Charles Edward Jennings
941:. The president of the
814:Second Battle of Zurich
655:He was given the title
405:House Order of Fidelity
395:Order of the Iron Crown
313:Second Battle of Zurich
60:more precise citations.
8547:
8506:
8482:
8463:
7975:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
7970:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
7880:Maximilien Robespierre
7713:Jacques Pierre Brissot
7578:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
7009:Louis-Charles de Flers
6994:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
6959:Jean François Carteaux
6734:First Battle of Zurich
6697:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
6652:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
6612:Treaty of Campo Formio
6358:Glorious First of June
6286:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
6245:Expedition to Sardinia
5923:Desmoulins guillotined
5858:Assassination of Marat
5850:Fall of the Girondists
5822:Revolutionary Tribunal
5814:Execution of Louis XVI
5704:Champ de Mars massacre
5607:Abolition of Feudalism
5031:Ferdinand VII of Spain
3479:Coronation of Napoleon
2831:Michel-Joseph Maunoury
2819:Victor-Constant Michel
2813:Michel-Joseph Maunoury
2807:Jean-Baptiste Dalstein
2771:Félix-Gustave Saussier
2475:Louis de Cossé-Brissac
2463:Charles Louis d'Albert
2415:François de L'Hospital
2331:Gilbert de Montpensier
1915:"Masséna, André"
1826:. New York: Macmillan.
1395:Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
1311:Père Lachaise Cemetery
1303:return of the Bourbons
1299:Provisional Government
1277:
1275:Père Lachaise Cemetery
1273:Masséna's tomb at the
1235:Lines of Torres Vedras
1179:
1149:Grand Orient de France
1117:
1102:
991:took the Teufelsbrücke
962:First Battle of Zurich
937:
849:
839:
830:
816:
805:
634:
626:Marshals of the Empire
613:[ɑ̃dʁemassena]
303:First Battle of Zurich
190:Père Lachaise Cemetery
8420:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
7685:Jean-Charles Pichegru
7665:Jean-François Rewbell
7151:Jean-Charles Pichegru
7034:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
7024:Jacques Maurice Hatry
6795:Battle of Hohenlinden
6668:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
6503:Battle of Emmendingen
6450:Battle of Castiglione
6337:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
6268:Battle of Hondschoote
5939:Thermidorian Reaction
5903:(throughout the year)
5676:Fête de la Fédération
5602:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
5586:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
5570:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
5318:Conference of Dresden
5227:Paris (February 1812)
5156:Swedish–Norwegian War
4981:Alexander I of Russia
2908:Dietrich von Choltitz
2849:Charles Emile Moinier
2717:Bernard Pierre Magnan
2681:Nicolas-Joseph Maison
2663:Nicolas-Joseph Maison
2651:Pierre-Augustin Hulin
2645:Nicolas-Joseph Maison
2633:Louis de Rochechouart
2627:Pierre-Augustin Hulin
2530:Jacques Maurice Hatry
2469:Jean de Cossé-Brissac
2439:Charles III de Créquy
2256:Jean II de Luxembourg
1877:. London: Greenhill.
1873:Smith, Digby (1998).
1760:Memoires, 1799 - 1815
1713:Grehan, John (2015).
1652:. Paris, pp. 182-473.
1582:. Napoleon-series.org
1471:Paris, Louis (1869).
1369:, is the location of
1315:Honoré Charles Reille
1272:
1177:
1122:Marshal of the Empire
1108:
1097:
1050:Great St Bernard Pass
1036:In 1800, Masséna was
973:'s division took the
947:Jean-François Rewbell
847:) in August 1793 and
811:
799:
609:French pronunciation:
400:Order of Saint Hubert
268:Marshal of the Empire
234:First French Republic
222:Kingdom of the French
95:Marshal of the Empire
8348:Influential thinkers
8095:Jean-François Varlet
7995:Jean-Lambert Tallien
7990:Jean Bon Saint-André
7817:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
7739:Marquis de Condorcet
7588:Nicolas de Condorcet
7353:Dagobert von Wurmser
7186:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
7129:Pierre-Jacques Osten
7044:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
6979:Louis-Nicolas Davout
6969:Chapuis de Tourville
6511:Battle of Schliengen
6458:Battle of Theiningen
6379:Battle of Aldenhoven
6263:Battle of Wattignies
6232:Battle of Neerwinden
6046:Coup of 18 Fructidor
5559:Death of the Dauphin
5272:Fontainebleau (1814)
4826:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3747:Invasion of Portugal
2548:Jean-François Moulin
2337:Charles II d'Amboise
2325:Antoine de Chabannes
2310:Antoine de Chabannes
1777:3 March 2016 at the
1113:, on display at the
1060:'s Austrian army at
979:Suvorov to retake it
707:improve this section
410:Order of Saint Louis
403:Grand Cordon of the
323:Battle of Muottental
8435:Mary Wollstonecraft
8213:Jean Sylvain Bailly
8000:Pierre Louis Prieur
7945:Jean-Henri Voulland
7920:Jacques-Louis David
7852:Jean Joseph Mounier
7553:Jean Sylvain Bailly
7191:Belgrand de Vaubois
7079:Jean-Antoine Marbot
7019:Emmanuel de Grouchy
6824:Treaty of Lunéville
6463:Battle of Neresheim
6408:Siege of Luxembourg
6387:Siege of Luxembourg
6342:Battle of Tourcoing
6273:Siege of Bellegarde
6100:Coup of 18 Brumaire
6012:Council of Ancients
5787:National Convention
5779:September Massacres
5755:Brunswick Manifesto
5747:France declares war
5514:Assembly of Vizille
5298:Bourbon Restoration
5041:Maria I of Portugal
5026:Prince of Hohenlohe
5016:Gebhard von Blücher
3959:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
3266:Swiss Confederation
3088:Xavier de Zuchowicz
3046:Michel Fennebresque
2898:Otto von Stülpnagel
2705:Nicolas Changarnier
2693:Pierre-Claude Pajol
2566:Jean-Antoine Marbot
2485:General commanders
2391:Charles II de Cossé
2304:Charles de Gaucourt
2298:Charles I d'Amboise
2280:Jacques de Villiers
2274:Philippe de Ternant
2229:Governors of Paris
2026:First French Empire
1805:Napoleon's Marshals
1717:. Frontline Books.
1401:stories, including
850:général de division
764:. He sailed in the
751:Kingdom of Sardinia
749:, then part of the
632:. He was nicknamed
393:Grand Dignitary of
388:Grand Eagle of the
298:Battle of Feldkirch
246:First French Empire
165:Kingdom of Sardinia
8676:Princes of Essling
8656:Marshals of France
8273:Loménie de Brienne
8248:Madame de Lamballe
8183:Napoléon Bonaparte
7980:Prieur de la Marne
7895:Camille Desmoulins
7749:Marie Jean Hérault
7625:Jean-Sifrein Maury
7620:Arnaud de La Porte
7476:Alexander Korsakov
7262:Count of Clerfayt
7181:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
7094:Auguste de Marmont
6949:Napoléon Bonaparte
6840:Algeciras campaign
6832:Treaty of Florence
6710:Battle of Stockach
6543:Ireland expedition
6527:Battle of Calliano
6487:Battle of Rovereto
6479:Battle of Würzburg
5931:Law of 22 Prairial
5900:Anti-clerical laws
5875:The Death of Marat
5696:Flight to Varennes
5313:Continental System
5308:Congress of Erfurt
5232:Paris (March 1812)
5006:Peter Wittgenstein
4931:Duke of Wellington
4886:Prince Poniatowski
4851:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4836:Auguste de Marmont
4231:Arroyo dos Molinos
4079:Walcheren Campaign
4069:Armistice of Znaim
3964:Dalmatian Campaign
3889:Tyrolean Rebellion
2938:Paul Legentilhomme
2932:Marie-Pierre Kœnig
2843:Adolphe Guillaumat
2747:Paul de Ladmirault
2735:Louis-Jules Trochu
2699:Tiburce Sébastiani
2687:Auguste de Marmont
2669:Hyacinthe Despinoy
2621:Jean-Andoche Junot
2584:Jean-Andoche Junot
2524:Napoléon Bonaparte
2403:Charles du Plessis
2367:René de Villequier
1382:Gallipoli campaign
1365:. His birthplace,
1278:
1255:Auguste de Marmont
1227:Duke of Wellington
1180:
1145:French Freemasonry
1118:
1103:
999:Alexander Korsakov
983:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
855:divisional general
840:général de brigade
817:
806:
792:Revolutionary Wars
669:Auguste de Marmont
355:Invasion of Naples
345:Battle of Caldiero
8671:French Freemasons
8598:
8597:
8594:
8593:
8472:Cockade of France
8443:
8442:
8405:Antoine Lavoisier
8395:Benjamin Franklin
8375:Anacharsis Cloots
8338:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8258:Louis de Breteuil
8100:Theophile Leclerc
7528:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7481:Alexander Suvorov
7222:
7221:
7156:Józef Poniatowski
7074:Étienne Macdonald
6878:
6877:
6779:Battle of Marengo
6742:Battle of Trebbia
6726:Battle of Cassano
6718:Battle of Magnano
6702:Battle of Ostrach
6604:Battle of Neuwied
6366:Battle of Fleurus
6350:Battle of Tournay
6227:War in the Vendée
6163:Royalist Revolts
6124:
6123:
5681:
5657:Abolition of the
5575:Tennis Court Oath
5567:National Assembly
5396:French Revolution
5362:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5350:Types of military
5146:Russo-Turkish War
5141:Russo-Persian War
5109:Anglo-Turkish War
5104:Anglo-Swedish War
5099:Anglo-Spanish War
5094:Anglo-Russian War
5021:Duke of Brunswick
4924:political leaders
4804:political leaders
4788:
4787:
3793:Medina de Rioseco
3515:Haslach-Jungingen
3449:French Revolution
3426:
3425:
3209:Seventh Coalition
3121:
3120:
3100:Hervé Charpentier
2992:Philippe de Camas
2765:Alphonse Lecointe
2188:
2187:
2076:Gouvion Saint-Cyr
1989:
1988:
1949:Prince of Essling
1868:978-0-7006-3034-9
1854:978-0-7006-3025-7
1840:978-0-7006-2676-2
1430:Battle of Bussaco
1342:named after him.
1287:second abdication
1204:Prince of Essling
1134:Kingdom of Naples
1078:when besieged by
1058:Michael von Melas
1038:besieged at Genoa
977:, which required
967:Alexander Suvorov
933:Villa La Favorita
863:attack on Saorgio
845:brigadier general
774:French Royal Army
766:Mediterranean Sea
743:
742:
735:
657:Prince of Essling
600:Prince of Essling
595:
594:
408:Commander of the
365:Battle of Bussaco
318:Battle of Klöntal
210:Kingdom of France
131:Antoine-Jean Gros
109:Prince of Essling
86:
85:
78:
8688:
8666:People from Nice
8552:
8540:Temple of Reason
8511:
8487:
8468:
8449:
8448:
8400:Thomas Jefferson
8344:
8343:
8263:de Chateaubriand
8193:Joseph Bonaparte
8188:Lucien Bonaparte
8178:Marie Antoinette
8133:
8132:
8120:Sylvain Maréchal
8075:François Hanriot
7910:Louis Philippe I
7837:Louis Philippe I
7832:Philippe Égalité
7774:Olympe de Gouges
7744:Charlotte Corday
7734:Étienne Clavière
7534:
7533:
7516:Antonio Ricardos
7501:
7500:
7486:Andrei Rosenberg
7466:
7465:
7436:
7435:
7411:
7410:
7381:Ralph Abercromby
7368:
7367:
7343:
7320:
7307:
7299:
7291:
7278:
7265:
7242:
7241:
7233:
7232:
7137:
7084:Marcellin Marbot
6907:
6906:
6900:
6899:
6888:Military leaders
6884:
6883:
6871:
6863:
6859:Treaty of Amiens
6844:
6836:
6828:
6807:
6799:
6791:
6783:
6762:
6761:(25–26 Sep 1799)
6754:
6746:
6745:(17–20 Jun 1799)
6738:
6730:
6729:(27–28 Apr 1799)
6722:
6714:
6706:
6705:(20–21 Mar 1799)
6698:
6690:
6686:Second Coalition
6669:
6661:
6653:
6645:
6637:
6616:
6608:
6600:
6596:Treaty of Leoben
6592:
6584:
6583:(14–15 Jan 1797)
6580:Battle of Rivoli
6576:
6568:
6564:Italian campaign
6547:
6539:
6538:(15–17 Nov 1796)
6535:Battle of Arcole
6531:
6523:
6515:
6507:
6499:
6491:
6483:
6475:
6471:Battle of Amberg
6467:
6454:
6446:
6442:Battle of Lonato
6438:
6434:Italian campaign
6412:
6391:
6383:
6370:
6362:
6354:
6346:
6338:
6329:
6308:
6307:(26–27 Dec 1793)
6295:
6287:
6249:
6241:
6237:Battle of Famars
6205:
6130:
6129:
6112:
6104:
6096:
6077:
6058:
6050:
6031:
6023:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5968:
5960:
5952:
5943:
5935:
5927:
5904:
5896:
5888:
5880:
5870:
5862:
5854:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5799:
5791:
5783:
5775:
5767:
5759:
5751:
5732:
5724:
5716:
5708:
5700:
5699:(20–21 Jun 1791)
5679:
5671:
5663:
5654:
5635:
5627:
5619:
5611:
5603:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5518:
5510:
5506:Day of the Tiles
5489:
5488:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5366:
5365:
5126:Dano-Swedish War
5114:Anglo-Danish War
4966:Archduke Charles
4881:Jérôme Bonaparte
4797:
4796:
4730:Castel di Sangro
4639:Fère-Champenoise
4292:García Hernández
4206:Fuentes de Oñoro
3722:Guttstadt-Deppen
3459:Second Coalition
3437:
3436:
3418:French Royalists
3225:
3224:
3174:Fourth Coalition
3148:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3076:Pierre Costedoat
3022:Jacques de Barry
2926:Philippe Leclerc
2855:Pierre Berdoulat
2759:Justin Clinchant
2427:Antoine d'Aumont
2409:Hercule de Rohan
2355:Charles de Cossé
2292:Charles de Melun
2286:Charles d'Artois
2268:Jean de Villiers
2262:Jean de La Baume
2215:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2038:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1888:
1827:
1818:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1691:Napoleon: A Life
1686:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1517:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1438:, detailing the
1428:, including the
1416:Bernard Cornwell
1399:Brigadier Gerard
1251:Fuentes de Oñoro
1208:Battle of Wagram
1084:Battle of Alesia
1031:Second Coalition
995:Schöllenen Gorge
958:Archduke Charles
940:
912:and the fall of
910:Battle of Rivoli
852:
842:
833:
738:
731:
727:
724:
718:
687:
679:
637:
615:
610:
586:
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517:
512:
505:
500:
495:
488:
483:
478:
471:
466:
461:
454:
453:
447:
440:
432:Selected battles
423:
390:Legion of Honour
350:Battle of Forano
340:Battle of Verona
308:Battle of Schwyz
253:
244:
242:
241:
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67:
61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
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8690:
8689:
8687:
8686:
8685:
8626:Dukes of Rivoli
8601:
8600:
8599:
8590:
8465:La Marseillaise
8454:
8453:Cultural impact
8439:
8349:
8330:
8297:
8253:Madame du Barry
8243:Catherine Théot
8233:Thérésa Tallien
8124:
8115:Gracchus Babeuf
8060:François Chabot
8017:
8009:
7930:Georges Couthon
7925:Marquis de Sade
7890:Jean-Paul Marat
7866:
7822:Bertrand Barère
7788:
7699:
7680:Boissy d'Anglas
7675:Madame de Staël
7640:Antoine Barnave
7608:
7601:
7592:
7539:
7520:
7495:
7490:
7460:
7455:
7430:
7425:
7405:
7400:
7362:
7357:
7341:
7318:
7305:
7297:
7289:
7276:
7263:
7252:József Alvinczi
7236:
7218:
7200:
7141:Nicolas Oudinot
7131:
7064:Claude Lecourbe
7059:Charles Leclerc
6954:Guillaume Brune
6924:Pierre Augereau
6894:
6889:
6874:
6869:
6867:Treaty of Paris
6861:
6847:
6842:
6834:
6826:
6810:
6805:
6797:
6789:
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6752:
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6574:
6566:
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6545:
6537:
6529:
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6513:
6505:
6497:
6489:
6481:
6473:
6465:
6452:
6444:
6436:
6420:
6410:
6394:
6389:
6381:
6368:
6360:
6352:
6344:
6336:
6327:
6311:
6306:
6293:
6285:
6283:Siege of Toulon
6247:
6239:
6222:First Coalition
6208:
6199:
6135:
6120:
6110:
6102:
6094:
6080:
6075:
6061:
6056:
6048:
6034:
6029:
6021:
6001:
5993:
5985:
5971:
5966:
5958:
5950:
5941:
5933:
5925:
5907:
5902:
5894:
5886:
5884:Law of Suspects
5878:
5868:
5860:
5852:
5832:
5830:Reign of Terror
5824:
5816:
5802:
5797:
5789:
5781:
5773:
5765:
5757:
5749:
5735:
5730:
5722:
5714:
5706:
5698:
5684:
5669:
5661:
5652:
5638:
5633:
5625:
5617:
5610:(4–11 Aug 1789)
5609:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5577:
5569:
5561:
5553:
5545:
5543:Réveillon riots
5537:
5521:
5516:
5508:
5494:
5483:
5398:
5393:
5363:
5354:
5281:
5165:
5086:
5080:
5036:Miguel de Álava
5001:Pyotr Bagration
4996:Count Bennigsen
4986:Mikhail Kutuzov
4951:Thomas Cochrane
4923:
4921:
4915:
4876:Louis Bonaparte
4803:
4801:
4800:French and ally
4784:
4668:
4584:Château-Thierry
4547:
4411:
4382:Maloyaroslavets
4240:
4154:
4108:
3899:Yevenes/Yébenes
3857:
3773:Rosily Squadron
3751:
3675:
3641:Waren-Nossentin
3569:
3500:Cape Finisterre
3483:
3454:First Coalition
3432:
3422:
3329:
3322:
3233:
3229:
3220:
3214:
3202:Sixth Coalition
3188:Fifth Coalition
3167:Third Coalition
3157:
3155:Napoleonic Wars
3152:
3122:
3117:
3112:Christophe Abad
3082:Marcel Valentin
3004:Bernard Usureau
2918:
2912:
2890:
2884:
2867:Gaston Billotte
2837:Augustin Dubail
2825:Joseph Gallieni
2777:Émile Zurlinden
2609:Louis Bonaparte
2595:
2589:
2578:Édouard Mortier
2536:Pierre Augereau
2486:
2480:
2349:Paul de Thermes
2319:Louis d'Orléans
2238:Louis I d'Anjou
2230:
2224:
2219:
2189:
2184:
2175:
2039:
2028:
2019:
1982:
1977:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1941:
1895:
1885:
1815:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1779:Wayback Machine
1770:
1766:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1620:Griffith, Paddy
1617:
1613:
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1604:
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1595:
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1526:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1482:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1449:
1435:Sharpe's Battle
1421:Sharpe's Escape
1390:
1363:Centennial Park
1345:The village of
1332:
1323:
1267:
1184:Fifth Coalition
1092:
1090:Napoleonic Wars
859:Italian Riviera
812:Masséna at the
794:
778:warrant officer
739:
728:
722:
719:
704:
688:
677:
622:Napoleonic Wars
608:
598:André Masséna,
591:
590:
589:
588:
587:
583:
581:
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457:
455:
451:
448:
441:
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407:
402:
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392:
380:
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378:
335:Napoleonic Wars
293:Battle of Loano
282:
239:
237:
236:
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225:
224:
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213:
212:
203:
201:
193:
192:, Paris, France
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97:
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:Please help to
51:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8694:
8684:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
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8623:
8618:
8613:
8596:
8595:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8544:
8543:
8542:
8535:Cult of Reason
8532:
8527:
8522:
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4104:Alba de Tormes
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3303:Denmark–Norway
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3181:Peninsular War
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3064:Michel Guignon
3061:
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3052:Hervé Navereau
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3028:Jeannou Lacaze
3025:
3019:
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3010:Philippe Clave
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2018:
2017:
2010:
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1995:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1974:Duke of Rivoli
1970:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1945:
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1936:
1935:Regnal titles
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1893:External links
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1378:Louis de Bussy
1357:, also in the
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1291:National Guard
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1239:scorched earth
1219:Ciudad Rodrigo
1215:Peninsular War
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831:Armée d'Italie
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178:(aged 58)
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4:
3:
2:
8693:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8608:
8606:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8549:Sans-culottes
8545:
8541:
8538:
8537:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8520:Metric system
8518:
8516:
8513:
8510:
8509:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8450:
8446:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8360:
8356:
8355:
8352:
8345:
8341:
8327:
8324:
8320:
8319:Panthéon Club
8317:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8300:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8208:Joachim Murat
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8140:
8138:
8134:
8131:
8127:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8016:
8012:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7985:Gilbert Romme
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7873:
7869:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7807:de Cambacérès
7805:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7791:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7726:
7724:
7723:Madame Roland
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7660:André Chénier
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7615:Grace Elliott
7613:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7600:
7595:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7535:
7531:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7504:
7499:
7493:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7464:
7458:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7434:
7428:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7414:
7409:
7403:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7302:
7300:
7294:
7292:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7240:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7225:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7176:Joseph Souham
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7135:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:Joachim Murat
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7099:André Masséna
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6898:
6892:
6885:
6881:
6870:(25 Jun 1802)
6868:
6865:
6862:(25 Mar 1802)
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6841:
6838:
6835:(18 Mar 1801)
6833:
6830:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6813:
6804:
6801:
6796:
6793:
6790:(15 Jun 1800)
6788:
6785:
6782:(14 Jun 1800)
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6759:
6756:
6753:(15 Aug 1799)
6751:
6748:
6743:
6740:
6735:
6732:
6727:
6724:
6719:
6716:
6713:(25 Mar 1799)
6711:
6708:
6703:
6700:
6695:
6694:Siege of Acre
6692:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6666:
6665:Peasants' War
6663:
6658:
6655:
6650:
6647:
6642:
6639:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6615:(17 Oct 1797)
6613:
6610:
6607:(18 Apr 1797)
6605:
6602:
6599:(17 Apr 1797)
6597:
6594:
6591:(25 Jan 1797)
6589:
6586:
6581:
6578:
6575:(13 Jan 1797)
6573:
6570:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6544:
6541:
6536:
6533:
6528:
6525:
6520:
6517:
6514:(26 Oct 1796)
6512:
6509:
6506:(19 Oct 1796)
6504:
6501:
6496:
6493:
6488:
6485:
6480:
6477:
6474:(24 Aug 1796)
6472:
6469:
6466:(11 Aug 1796)
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6451:
6448:
6443:
6440:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6423:
6417:
6414:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6388:
6385:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6369:(26 Jun 1794)
6367:
6364:
6359:
6356:
6353:(22 May 1794)
6351:
6348:
6345:(18 May 1794)
6343:
6340:
6334:
6331:
6328:(24 Apr 1794)
6326:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6314:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6294:(13 Oct 1793)
6292:
6289:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6246:
6243:
6240:(23 May 1793)
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6203:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6131:
6127:
6117:
6114:
6111:(24 Dec 1799)
6109:
6106:
6101:
6098:
6095:(18 Jun 1799)
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6076:(11 May 1798)
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6055:
6052:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6028:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5994:(22 Aug 1795)
5992:
5989:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5967:(11 Nov 1794)
5965:
5962:
5957:
5954:
5951:(28 Jul 1794)
5948:
5945:
5942:(27 Jul 1794)
5940:
5937:
5934:(10 Jun 1794)
5932:
5929:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5901:
5898:
5895:(16 Oct 1793)
5893:
5890:
5887:(17 Sep 1793)
5885:
5882:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5869:(23 Aug 1793)
5867:
5864:
5861:(13 Jul 1793)
5859:
5856:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5823:
5820:
5817:(21 Jan 1793)
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5798:(22 Sep 1792)
5796:
5793:
5788:
5785:
5780:
5777:
5774:(10 Aug 1792)
5772:
5769:
5764:
5761:
5758:(25 Jul 1792)
5756:
5753:
5750:(20 Apr 1792)
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5729:
5726:
5721:
5718:
5715:(27 Aug 1791)
5713:
5710:
5707:(17 Jul 1791)
5705:
5702:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5680:(14 Jul 1790)
5678:
5677:
5673:
5670:(12 Jul 1790)
5668:
5665:
5662:(23 Jun 1790)
5660:
5656:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5641:
5632:
5629:
5624:
5621:
5618:(26 Aug 1789)
5616:
5613:
5608:
5605:
5600:
5597:
5594:(14 Jul 1789)
5592:
5589:
5584:
5581:
5578:(20 Jun 1789)
5576:
5573:
5568:
5565:
5562:(4 June 1789)
5560:
5557:
5552:
5549:
5546:(28 Apr 1789)
5544:
5541:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5517:(21 Jul 1788)
5515:
5512:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5422:Ancien Régime
5419:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5390:
5385:
5383:
5378:
5376:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:Miscellaneous
5284:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4961:Manuel Lapeña
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4891:Prince Eugène
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4841:André Masséna
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4821:Joachim Murat
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Rocheserviere
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:San Sebastián
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
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3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:client states
3226:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
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3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3070:Michel Billot
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3058:Daniel Valéry
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:Alban Barthez
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2974:Maurice Gazin
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:Pierre Garbay
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2944:René Chouteau
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
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2921:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2873:Pierre Héring
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2861:Henri Gouraud
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
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2835:
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2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:André Masséna
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2615:Joachim Murat
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:Joachim Murat
2601:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:Louis Lemoine
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
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2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
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2047:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1968:Title created
1963:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1943:Title created
1938:
1933:
1925:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1884:1-85367-276-9
1880:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1814:0-297-79124-9
1810:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1724:9781473852747
1720:
1716:
1709:
1700:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1637:
1635:1-85367-335-8
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1536:1-85109-651-5
1532:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:In literature
1385:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1371:Place Masséna
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:United States
1356:
1355:Massena, Iowa
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1138:victory title
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1100:Louis Hersent
1096:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:Julius Caesar
1077:
1076:Vercingetorix
1072:
1068:
1067:Army of Italy
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:Gotthard Pass
972:
968:
963:
959:
955:
950:
948:
944:
939:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
916:that winter.
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
846:
841:
835:
832:
826:
822:
815:
810:
803:
798:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:French Guiana
767:
763:
762:merchant ship
759:
754:
752:
748:
737:
734:
726:
716:
712:
708:
702:
701:
697:
692:This section
690:
686:
681:
680:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
650:
646:
644:
639:
636:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
606:
605:
601:
585:
579:
562:
545:
528:
511:
494:
482:Torres Vedras
477:
446:
439:
426:
422:
418:
414:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
387:
383:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
336:
333:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
289:
286:
285:
281:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
256:
250:
247:
235:
223:
211:
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
180:Paris, France
173:
169:
166:
162:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
132:
119:
114:
110:
106:
100:André Masséna
96:
91:
88:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
8556:Phrygian cap
8501:Bastille Day
8415:Thomas Paine
8370:Edmund Burke
8365:Beaumarchais
8359:Les Lumières
8357:
8198:Joseph Fesch
8110:Pauline Léon
8080:Jacques Roux
8019:
7603:
7098:
7029:Lazare Hoche
7014:Paul Grenier
6984:Louis Desaix
6843:(8 Jul 1801)
6827:(9 Feb 1801)
6798:(3 Dec 1800)
6721:(5 Apr 1799)
6522:(6 Nov 1796)
6498:(8 Sep 1796)
6490:(4 Sep 1796)
6482:(3 Sep 1796)
6453:(5 Aug 1796)
6382:(2 Oct 1794)
6361:(1 Jun 1794)
6103:(9 Nov 1799)
6049:(4 Sep 1797)
5986:(1 Apr 1795)
5956:White Terror
5949:guillotined
5926:(5 Apr 1794)
5873:
5853:(2 Jun 1793)
5723:(3 Sep 1791)
5674:
5634:(2 Nov 1789)
5626:(5 Oct 1789)
5554:(5 May 1789)
5532:
5509:(7 Jun 1788)
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5333:Grande Armée
5293:Bibliography
5277:Paris (1815)
5237:Paris (1814)
5222:Paris (1810)
5202:Finckenstein
5177:Campo Formio
4936:Rowland Hill
4922:military and
4840:
4802:military and
4775:Rocquencourt
4644:Saint-Dizier
4614:Bar-sur-Aube
4569:Mincio River
4064:Schöngrabern
3843:2nd Zaragoza
3783:1st Zaragoza
3737:Stralsund II
3586:Campo Tenese
3560:Schöngrabern
3545:Cape Ortegal
3495:Diamond Rock
3373:Papal States
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3106:Bruno Le Ray
3034:Roger Périer
3016:Jean Favreau
2980:André Demetz
2950:Henri Zeller
2741:Joseph Vinoy
2656:
2554:Joseph Gilot
2506:Jean Thierry
2397:François d'O
2373:François d'O
2115:
1983:
1972:
1967:
1958:
1947:
1942:
1921:
1904:
1874:
1859:
1845:
1831:
1823:
1804:
1797:Bibliography
1786:
1767:
1759:
1758:Thibaudeau,
1754:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1649:
1644:
1624:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1559:. Retrieved
1555:
1545:
1522:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1473:
1466:
1433:
1419:
1402:
1375:
1344:
1333:
1324:
1279:
1212:
1181:
1166:
1142:
1119:
1114:
1055:
1035:
951:
918:
875:
836:
818:
755:
744:
729:
720:
705:Please help
693:
654:
651:
647:
640:
597:
596:
279:
274:Battles/wars
176:(1817-04-04)
174:4 April 1817
141:
87:
72:
63:
44:
8616:1817 deaths
8611:1758 births
8425:Abbé Sieyès
8410:Montesquieu
8326:Social Club
8268:Jean Chouan
8158:Louis XVIII
7935:Roger Ducos
7905:Paul Barras
7872:Montagnards
7802:Abbé Sieyès
7605:monarchiens
7413:Netherlands
7342:(Hungarian)
7290:(Hungarian)
7206:French Navy
7132: [
7054:Jean Lannes
6911:French Army
6689:(1798–1802)
6660:(1798–1800)
6644:(1798–1801)
6374:Chouannerie
6335:(Pyrenees)
6200: [
6167:Chouannerie
5959:(Fall 1794)
5947:Robespierre
5161:War of 1812
5119:Gunboat War
5076:Louis XVIII
4831:Jean Lannes
4745:Quatre Bras
4735:San Germano
4685:Occhiobello
4574:Champaubert
4564:La Rothière
4488:San Marcial
4372:2nd Polotsk
4337:1st Polotsk
4322:Majadahonda
4262:Villagarcia
4191:Campo Maior
3979:Piave River
3904:Ciudad Real
3894:Villafranca
3763:Dos de Mayo
3712:Stralsund I
3464:18 Brumaire
3398:Netherlands
3296:Württemberg
3108:: 2015–2020
3102:: 2012–2015
3096:: 2007–2012
3090:: 2005–2007
3084:: 2002–2005
3078:: 2000–2002
3072:: 1996–2000
3066:: 1992–1996
3060:: 1991–1992
3054:: 1987–1991
3048:: 1984–1987
3042:: 1982–1984
3036:: 1981–1982
3030:: 1980–1981
3024:: 1977–1980
3018:: 1975–1977
3012:: 1974–1975
3006:: 1971–1974
3000:: 1968–1971
2998:André Meltz
2994:: 1965–1968
2988:: 1962–1965
2982:: 1960–1962
2970:: 1959–1960
2968:Raoul Salan
2964:: 1958–1959
2958:: 1957–1958
2952:: 1953–1957
2946:: 1947–1953
2940:: 1945–1947
2934:: 1944–1945
2879:Henri Dentz
2875:: 1939–1940
2869:: 1937–1939
2863:: 1923–1937
2857:: 1919–1923
2851:: 1918–1919
2839:: 1916–1918
2833:: 1915–1916
2827:: 1914–1915
2821:: 1912–1914
2815:: 1910–1912
2809:: 1906–1910
2803:: 1903–1906
2797:: 1901–1903
2791:: 1900–1901
2785:: 1899–1900
2779:: 1898–1899
2773:: 1884–1898
2767:: 1882–1884
2761:: 1880–1881
2755:: 1878–1880
2749:: 1871–1878
2737:: 1870–1871
2725:: 1865–1870
2719:: 1851–1865
2707:: 1848–1851
2701:: 1842–1848
2695:: 1830–1842
2689:: 1821–1830
2683:: 1819–1821
2677:: 1816–1818
2671:: 1815–1816
2659:: July 1815
2641:: 1814–1815
2629:: 1807–1814
2623:: 1806–1807
2611:: 1805–1806
2605:: 1804–1805
2586:: 1803–1804
2580:: 1800–1803
2574:: 1799–1800
2556:: 1798–1799
2550:: 1797–1798
2532:: 1796–1797
2526:: 1795–1796
2508:: 1794–1795
2502:: 1792–1794
2496:: 1791–1792
2477:: 1780–1791
2471:: 1771–1780
2465:: 1757–1771
2459:: 1739–1757
2453:: 1704–1739
2447:: 1687–1704
2445:Léon Potier
2441:: 1676–1687
2435:: 1669–1675
2429:: 1662–1669
2423:: 1657–1662
2417:: 1648–1657
2411:: 1643–16..
2387:: 1590–1594
2381:: 1589–1590
2375:: 158.–1589
2363:: 15..–1572
2357:: 1562–1563
2351:: 1559–1562
2345:: 15..–15..
2339:: 1493–1496
2333:: 14..–1494
2327:: 1485–1488
2321:: 1483–1485
2312:: 1472–147.
2306:: 14..–1472
2300:: 1467–1470
2294:: 1465–1467
2276:: 14..–14..
2270:: 1429–14..
2264:: 1422–142.
2258:: 1418–1420
2252:: 1411–1413
2240:: 1356–1357
2151:Poniatowski
1282:Louis XVIII
1213:During the
1098:Masséna by
1071:Alessandria
1007:Pragel Pass
894:Castiglione
876:During the
723:August 2024
628:created by
280:See battles
138:Nickname(s)
127: 1853
58:introducing
8605:Categories
8314:Cordeliers
8228:Talleyrand
8153:Louis XVII
8015:Hébertists
7769:Jean Debry
7599:Feuillants
7228:Opposition
7124:Michel Ney
6546:(Dec 1796)
6154:Thionville
6057:(Dec 1797)
6030:(May 1796)
6022:5 Oct 1795
5999:Directoire
5879:(painting)
5782:(Sep 1792)
5766:(Jun 1792)
5599:Great Fear
5538:(Jan 1789)
5429:Revolution
5303:Casualties
5217:Schönbrunn
5192:Artlenburg
4941:John Moore
4846:Michel Ney
4715:Scapezzano
4705:Cesenatico
4649:Montmartre
4579:Montmirail
4513:Wartenburg
4468:Großbeeren
4327:Gorodechno
4317:Klyastitsy
4297:Saltanovka
4186:Casal Novo
4059:Hollabrunn
4044:Korneuburg
3838:Somosierra
3742:Copenhagen
3565:Austerlitz
3555:Dürenstein
3291:Westphalia
3234:and allies
3094:Bruno Dary
2919:since 1944
2091:Kellermann
2051:Bernadotte
1556:HistoryNet
1505:Austerlitz
1459:References
1418:'s novels
1307:Michel Ney
1265:Retirement
1109:Masséna's
1027:Panix Pass
1019:Muottental
945:in Paris,
882:Montenotte
675:Early life
630:Napoleon I
198:Allegiance
158:6 May 1758
154:1758-05-06
66:March 2023
41:references
8148:Louis XVI
8143:Charles X
7794:The Plain
7705:Girondins
7645:Lafayette
7306:(Walloon)
7288:Pál Kray
7264:(Walloon)
6806:(1800–02)
6657:Quasi-War
6116:Consulate
6002:(1795–99)
5457:Consulate
5450:Directory
5267:Casalanza
5242:Tauroggen
5197:Pressburg
5182:Lunéville
5087:conflicts
4920:Coalition
4770:La Suffel
4720:Tolentino
4604:Montereau
4589:Vauchamps
4538:Bornhöved
4493:Dennewitz
4438:Tarragona
4387:Chashniki
4287:Salamanca
4211:Tarragona
4135:Barquilla
4089:Almonacid
4049:Stockerau
4019:Stralsund
3989:2nd Porto
3969:Ebelsberg
3939:Abensberg
3909:1st Porto
3869:Castellón
3853:Benavente
3818:Valmaseda
3732:Friedland
3727:Heilsberg
3697:Ostrołęka
3687:Mohrungen
3621:Magdeburg
3550:Amstetten
3535:Trafalgar
3520:Elchingen
3505:Wertingen
3403:Brunswick
3328:Coalition
2106:MacDonald
2061:Bessières
1965:Previous:
1940:Previous:
1384:in 1915.
1259:Marseille
1192:Ebersberg
1046:Peter Ott
989:and then
943:Directory
867:Settepani
819:When the
760:aboard a
758:cabin boy
694:does not
416:Signature
8508:Panthéon
8496:Muscadin
8491:Marianne
8430:Voltaire
8309:Jacobins
8302:Factions
7842:Mirabeau
7298:(French)
6192:Jemappes
6176:Dauphiné
5659:Nobility
5471:Journals
5464:Glossary
5443:Republic
5415:Timeline
5338:Uniforms
5252:Chaumont
5170:Treaties
4871:Joseph I
4811:Napoleon
4755:Waterloo
4695:Casaglia
4659:Toulouse
4543:Sehested
4518:Bidassoa
4498:2nd Kulm
4483:1st Kulm
4473:Katzbach
4463:Sorauren
4458:Pyrenees
4423:Castalla
4407:Berezina
4397:Smoliani
4367:Tarutino
4352:Borodino
4342:Valutino
4332:Smolensk
4302:Ostrovno
4272:Maguilla
4236:Valencia
4226:Saguntum
4074:Talavera
3954:Ratisbon
3944:Landshut
3919:Bergisel
3914:Medellín
3828:Espinosa
3788:Valencia
3661:Czarnowo
3631:Pasewalk
3626:Prenzlau
3601:Saalfeld
3540:Caldiero
3510:Günzburg
3388:Sardinia
3363:Portugal
2156:Sérurier
2146:Pérignon
2101:Lefebvre
2056:Berthier
2046:Augereau
2022:Marshals
1775:Archived
1622:(1998).
1586:16 March
1561:25 April
1447:See also
1351:New York
1130:Caldiero
921:Austrian
919:When an
902:Caldiero
825:Piedmont
786:smuggler
620:and the
460:620miles
252:Service/
8390:Diderot
8136:Figures
8021:Enragés
7727:Father
7438:Prussia
7370:Britain
7319:(Saxon)
7277:(Swiss)
7244:Austria
5085:Related
4664:Bayonne
4629:Craonne
4599:Mormant
4559:Brienne
4533:Nivelle
4523:Leipzig
4478:Dresden
4448:Vitoria
4433:Bautzen
4402:Krasnoi
4347:Mesoten
4307:Vitebsk
4267:Almaraz
4257:Badajoz
4216:Albuera
4201:Almeida
4196:Sabugal
4181:Redinha
4171:Barrosa
4150:Bussaco
4145:Almeida
4125:Astorga
4094:Tamames
4054:Gefrees
4009:Alcañiz
3949:Eckmühl
3879:Corunna
3848:Sahagún
3813:Zornoza
3808:Vimeiro
3778:Cabezón
3702:Kolberg
3671:Pułtusk
3666:Golymin
3656:Hamelin
3636:Stettin
3596:Schleiz
3441:Prelude
3433:battles
3408:Hanover
3353:Prussia
3343:Austria
3281:Bavaria
3261:Etruria
3256:Holland
3228:France,
3221:gerents
2141:Oudinot
2126:Mortier
2116:Masséna
2111:Marmont
2086:Jourdan
2081:Grouchy
2024:of the
1347:Massena
1297:by the
1247:Sabugal
1223:Almeida
1198:at the
1188:Eckmühl
1158:Thouars
1082:in the
1062:Marengo
1015:Klöntal
1001:at the
993:in the
987:Altdorf
960:at the
898:Bassano
782:Antibes
715:removed
700:sources
54:improve
8129:Others
7468:Russia
6902:France
6567:(1797)
6437:(1796)
6172:Vendée
6149:Verdun
5976:1795–6
5919:Danton
5478:Museum
5408:Causes
5262:Mantua
5212:Cintra
5207:Tilsit
5187:Amiens
4725:Ancona
4710:Pesaro
4680:Panaro
4609:Orthez
4594:Garris
4508:Roßlau
4503:Göhrde
4443:Luckau
4428:Lützen
4392:Vyazma
4362:Burgos
4357:Moscow
4312:Kobryn
4221:Usagre
4176:Pombal
4166:Gebora
4039:Wagram
3999:Tarvis
3974:Girona
3934:Raszyn
3924:Sacile
3833:Tudela
3823:Burgos
3803:Roliça
3798:Bailén
3717:Mileto
3707:Danzig
3646:Lübeck
3611:Erfurt
3530:Verona
3413:Nassau
3393:Sweden
3383:Persia
3368:Sicily
3348:Russia
3330:forces
3313:Persia
3286:Saxony
3271:Naples
3241:France
3219:Belli-
3114:: 2020
2976:: 1960
2928:: 1944
2881:: 1940
2845:: 1918
2743:: 1871
2731:: 1870
2713:: 1851
2665:: 1815
2653:: 1815
2647:: 1815
2635:: 1814
2617:: 1806
2568:: 1799
2562:: 1799
2544:: 1797
2538:: 1797
2520:: 1795
2514:: 1795
2405:: 1616
2399:: 1594
2393:: 1594
2369:: 1580
2288:: 1465
2282:: 1461
2246:: 1411
2171:Victor
2166:Suchet
2121:Moncey
2096:Lannes
2071:Davout
1924:
1881:
1866:
1852:
1838:
1811:
1762:, 519.
1721:
1632:
1533:
1432:, and
1340:bridge
1330:Legacy
1321:Family
1231:Buçaco
1196:Danube
1154:Toulon
1126:Verona
1011:Glarus
929:Rivoli
925:Verona
914:Mantua
906:Arcola
890:Lonato
804:, 1796
665:Iberia
533:Arcole
516:Zurich
499:Aspern
458:1000km
385:Awards
254:branch
243:
231:
219:
207:
185:Buried
43:, but
8586:Films
7503:Spain
7136:]
6204:]
6197:Namur
6182:Lille
6159:Valmy
5328:Films
4760:Wavre
4750:Ligny
4740:Gaeta
4700:Ronco
4690:Carpi
4654:Paris
4624:Reims
4528:Hanau
4120:Cádiz
4099:Ocaña
4084:Ölper
4029:María
3994:Wörgl
3984:Grijó
3884:Valls
3874:Uclés
3768:Bruch
3692:Eylau
3616:Halle
3591:Maida
3581:Gaeta
3431:Major
3358:Spain
3318:Spain
3251:Italy
2161:Soult
2131:Murat
2066:Brune
1981:Next:
1956:Next:
1527:(PDF)
1295:Paris
1111:sabre
1042:Milan
1023:Ilanz
871:Loano
550:Loano
465:Paris
8018:and
7602:and
6852:1802
6816:1801
6771:1800
6678:1799
6625:1798
6556:1797
6426:1796
6400:1795
6317:1794
6214:1793
6141:1792
6085:1799
6066:1798
6039:1797
5921:and
5912:1794
5807:1793
5740:1792
5689:1791
5643:1790
5526:1789
5499:1788
5257:Kiel
5247:Ried
4793:Info
4780:Issy
4673:1815
4619:Laon
4552:1814
4416:1813
4282:Ekau
4245:1812
4159:1811
4113:1810
4034:Graz
4024:Raab
3862:1809
3756:1808
3680:1807
3574:1806
3488:1805
1879:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1719:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1588:2013
1563:2024
1531:ISBN
1426:1810
1409:1902
1367:Nice
1249:and
1237:, a
1221:and
1190:and
1162:Nice
1017:and
904:and
886:Dego
884:and
869:and
747:Nice
698:any
696:cite
567:Nice
264:Rank
258:Army
171:Died
161:Nice
148:Born
7378:Sir
4277:Mir
4140:Côa
3525:Ulm
2136:Ney
1397:'s
1349:in
1293:in
1009:to
709:by
8607::
7134:fr
6202:fr
1918:.
1571:^
1554:.
1512:^
1483:^
1411:).
1317:.
1261:.
1210:.
1164:.
1086:.
1033:.
900:,
896:,
892:,
834:.
602:,
163:,
124:c.
107:,
5388:e
5381:t
5374:v
3147:e
3140:t
3133:v
2214:e
2207:t
2200:v
2014:e
2007:t
2000:v
1887:.
1817:.
1727:.
1638:.
1590:.
1565:.
1539:.
1442:.
1407:(
853:(
843:(
736:)
730:(
725:)
721:(
717:.
703:.
607:(
572:1
555:2
538:3
521:4
504:5
487:6
470:7
156:)
152:(
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
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