92:
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mutinous behavior. Altogether, 43 per cent of the 113 infantry divisions of the Army had been affected by the end of 1917. The crisis of morale occurred mainly in the infantry, which had borne the brunt of casualties. Branches such as the heavy artillery, which was located far behind the front lines and those cavalry regiments that were still mounted, remained unaffected by the mutinies and provided detachments to round up deserters and restore order. Only 12 field artillery regiments were affected by the crisis of indiscipline.
495:. His project had been made possible by the opening of most of the military archives, fifty years after the events, a delay that was in conformity with French War Ministry procedure. There were still undisclosed archives on the mutinies in the 21st century, which were believed to contain documents mostly of a political nature; they were not to be opened to researchers until 100 years after the mutinies, in 2017.
193:
303:
occurred in the 17th
Division. Over the next two days, spokesmen were elected in two regiments of the 69th Division to petition for an end to the offensive. By 28 May, mutinies broke out in the 9th Division, 158th Division, 5th Division and the 1st Cavalry Division. By the end of May more units of the 5th, 6th, 13th, 35th, 43rd, 62nd, 77th and 170th Divisions mutinied and revolts occurred in
498:
Leonard Smith has argued that the mutinies were akin to labour strikes and could be considered, at least partly, political in nature. The soldiers demanded more leave, better food and objected to the use of colonial workers on the home front. They were also deeply concerned about the welfare of their
465:
When the
Americans arrived in France in the spring of 1917, they were inexperienced and US generals had orders not to accept responsibility for military zones. The US generals were ordered to "understudy" the British. This meant that for the summer and autumn of 1917, British troops had to take over
442:
The most persistent episodes of collective indiscipline involved a relatively small number of French divisions; the mutinies did not threaten a complete military collapse. Because of the low morale in more than half of the French Army, it took until the early months of 1918 for the French Army fully
314:
Even in regiments in which there was direct confrontation, such as the 74th
Infantry Regiment, the men did not harm their officers but refused to attack. Most mutineers were veterans who did not refuse to fight but wanted the military authorities to be more attentive to the realities of modern war.
152:
The mutinies and associated disruptions involved, to various degrees, nearly half of the French infantry divisions stationed on the
Western Front. The term "mutiny" does not precisely describe events; soldiers remained in trenches and were willing to defend but refused orders to attack. Nivelle was
424:
Along with the deterrent of military justice, PĂ©tain offered more regular and longer leave and an end to grand offensives "until the arrival of tanks and
Americans on the front". They feared that infantry offensives could never prevail over the fire of machine-guns and artillery. PĂ©tain restored
404:
When the news of the revolution in Russia and the abdication of the Tsar reached France there were some demonstrations amongst
Russian units in France. When an order from Russia to elect soviets was received on 16 April, the French Army whisked the Russians away from the front and moved them to
350:
examined French military archives and discovered that 49 infantry divisions were destabilised and experienced episodes of mutiny. Of the 49, nine divisions were gravely affected by mutinous behavior, 15 were seriously affected and 25 divisions were affected by isolated but repeated instances of
461:
in June 1917 that France planned "to wait for the
Americans & meanwhile not lose more.... I like PĂ©tain... just because he won't attack". Martin Evans wrote "the French army would sit tight and wait for the Americans". Christopher Andrew and Kanya-Forster wrote in 1981 "Even after Petain's
302:
battalion of the 127th
Division and a regiment of the 18th Division. Two days later, a battalion of the 166th Division staged a demonstration and on 20 May, the 128th Regiment of the 3rd Division and the 66th Regiment of the 18th Division refused orders. Individual incidents of insubordination
359:
From 8 June, the military authorities took swift and decisive action: mass arrests were followed by mass trials. Those arrested were selected by their own officers and NCOs, with the implicit consent of the rank and file. There were
254:) failed to achieve its main war-winning objective. At the cost of very high casualties, the offensive exhausted the German reserves and conquered some tactically important positions. A French tank attack had also been launched near
184:. The mutinies were kept secret from the Germans and their full extent was not revealed until decades later. The German failure to detect the mutinies has been described as one of the most serious intelligence failures of the war.
490:
The French government suppressed news of the mutinies to avoid alerting the
Germans or harming morale on the home front. The extent and the intensity of the mutinies were disclosed for the first time in 1967 by Guy Pedroncini, in
470:, with varied success but pertinently relieving pressure on the French to the south. It was not until early 1918, when the US troops had completed their preparations for war, that French morale improved. The Allies withstood the
507:, the French high command. Smith placed the mutinies into their wider ideological context and demonstrated the extent to which French soldiers and mutineers accepted the main tenets of Republican ideology.
1355:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London:
400:
during the mutinies in 1917. The original French text accompanying the photograph notes that the uniforms are those of 1914/15 and that the execution may be that of a spy at the beginning of the war.
499:
families. The rather subdued repression, according to Smith, was part of the PĂ©tain policy of appeasement. Concurrently, that policy saved the appearance of absolute authority exercised by the
413:
and bombarded with artillery, killing eight men and wounding 28. That episode became the basis of widespread false rumours that the French had bombarded French units. The
Russian troops (about
286:
The Nivelle Offensive failed to achieve its strategic objectives and by 25 April, most of the fighting had ended. On 3 May, the French 2nd Division refused to follow orders to attack and the
219:
early 1917), out of a population of twenty million males of all ages, had been killed in fighting by early 1917. The losses had weakened the French will to attack. In April 1917, General
3312:
290:
soon spread throughout the army. For most of the time events were independent and were focused on specific demands, more liberty, more time with families and better conditions in
3327:
3511:
443:
to recover. Because of the mutinies, the French high command became reluctant to begin another offensive. PĂ©tain's strategy in late 1917 was to wait for the deployment of the
385:
these were carried out. The relative lack of rigour in repressing the mutinies provoked adverse reactions among some French divisional commanders. PĂ©tain and French President
339:. Ashworth wrote that the mutinies were "widespread and persistent" and involved more than half the divisions in the French army. On 7 June, PĂ©tain told British commander Sir
482:
paid dividends. Starved of food, Germany collapsed on the home front. Its leadership was compelled to sue for peace, as the army and the front were quickly pushed back.
157:, who restored morale by talking to the men, promising no more suicidal attacks, providing rest and leave for exhausted units and moderating discipline. He held 3,400
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in which French artillery fired its shells to land just in front of the advancing infantry to keep the Germans under cover until they had been overrun.
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skilful mixture of tact and firmness had restored military discipline, the French army could only remain on the defensive and wait for the Americans".
181:
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in Russia was being published in French socialist newspapers and anonymous pacifist propaganda leaflets were very widely distributed. In
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the zones that the French had vacated and also teach American troops. The British tried to reinvigorate French morale by launching the
389:, on the other hand, made it their policy to mend the French Army's morale and to avoid acting in a way that could aggravate the loss.
1189:]. Collection de mémoires, études et documents pour servir à l'histoire de la guerre mondiale (in French). Paris: Editions Payot.
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266:. A similar battle would have been considered a draw in 1915 but in 1917, after the huge losses at the Battle of Verdun and the
3833:
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270:, the psychology of the soldiers was fragile. The strategic failure and the casualties caused a collapse in the morale of the
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2008:
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in 48 hours; morale in French armies rose to a great height and the shock of failure soured their mood overnight.
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1980:
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tanks engaged were knocked out. Nivelle was removed from his command on 15 May 1917 and was replaced by General
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3676:
3671:
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3656:
3350:
1995:
1970:
1868:
1353:
Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras
457:("I am waiting for the tanks and the Americans"). He had the support of Georges Clemenceau, who told President
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2717:
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2183:
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177:
3600:
3227:
3167:
3064:
2969:
2732:
2518:
2222:
2061:
1960:
1581:
1507:
335:, troops refused orders or to go to the front. On 1 June, a French infantry regiment took over the town of
28:
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3275:
3260:
3118:
3070:
2835:
2386:
2260:
2173:
2168:
1937:
1925:
1920:
340:
228:
180:. French soldiers on the front had unrealistically been expecting US troops to arrive within days of the
126:
2447:
3934:
3818:
3775:
3052:
2810:
2795:
2697:
2566:
2134:
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2003:
1166:] (in French) (2nd ed.). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, Presse Universitaires de France.
251:
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The soldiers had come to believe that the attacks they were ordered to make were futile. News on the
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3022:
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2825:
2747:
2156:
2129:
1833:
1713:
1551:
970:
French, David (1991). "Watching the Allies: British Intelligence and the French Mutinies of 1917".
164:
The catalyst for the mutinies was the extreme optimism and dashed hopes of the Nivelle offensive,
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1622:
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2815:
2742:
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2546:
2513:
2178:
2139:
2119:
1930:
1823:
1723:
1627:
1617:
1223:
Between Mutiny and Obedience: The Case of the French Fifth Infantry Division During World War I
475:
3563:
3217:
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2775:
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2612:
2586:
2536:
2467:
2369:
2322:
2106:
1975:
1858:
1668:
467:
96:
332:
3913:
3828:
2508:
2482:
2432:
1789:
1187:
The Mutiny of La Courtine: The Rebellion of the Russian Regiments in 1917 in Central France
173:
2457:
328:
324:
8:
3895:
3034:
2898:
2850:
2727:
2687:
2682:
2627:
2310:
2304:
2205:
1637:
1183:
La mutinerie de La Courtine: les régiments russes révoltés en 1917 au centre de la France
418:
316:
267:
3848:
1642:
386:
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3129:
2993:
2975:
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2904:
2737:
2702:
2654:
2639:
2526:
2477:
2316:
2275:
1955:
1632:
1591:
1521:
1133:
169:
263:
154:
3888:
3882:
3843:
3745:
3578:
3161:
3016:
2999:
2800:
2622:
2602:
2437:
2422:
2352:
2340:
2041:
2018:
1965:
1531:
1526:
1462:
1443:
1424:
1401:
1379:
1360:
1326:
1307:
1285:
1266:
1249:
1226:
1207:
1190:
1167:
1141:
1119:
1096:
1077:
1058:
1039:
1020:
1000:
979:
956:
937:
916:
897:
878:
417:) were demobilised, transferred to labor battalions and the ringleaders were sent to
198:
138:
65:
516:
2946:
2916:
2910:
2820:
2649:
2617:
2607:
2346:
2270:
2265:
2193:
2013:
1913:
1770:
1596:
1536:
1325:(facs. repr. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT. ed.). Cambridge: Clarendon Press.
244:
240:
232:
1240:
Smith, Leonard V. (1995). "War and 'Politics': The French Army Mutinies of 1917".
991:
Gilbert, Bentley B.; Bernard, Paul P. (1959). "The French Army Mutinies of 1917".
343:
that two French divisions had refused to relieve two divisions in the front line.
3755:
3595:
2934:
2487:
2462:
2161:
2069:
1908:
1765:
1749:
1304:
The Road to Passchendaele: The Flanders Offensive 1917, A Study in Inevitability
405:
central France. The Russians put on a big May Day parade and then mutinied. The
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2952:
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2581:
2472:
2328:
2232:
2215:
1733:
1393:
1155:
1012:
523:
458:
347:
336:
220:
158:
142:
920:
223:
promised a war-winning decisive victory. He proposed to work closely with the
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3699:
2987:
2981:
2417:
2334:
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1566:
1561:
1466:
1299:
1253:
1194:
1004:
983:
370:
259:
236:
146:
3149:
2576:
1658:
1586:
1571:
1476:
255:
224:
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3265:
2963:
2391:
1812:
1348:
1112:
Le général J. B. E. Estienne - pÚre des chars: Des chenilles et des ailes
478:
comprehensively defeated the German Armies, which with the British naval
410:
231:
lines on the Western Front by a great attack against the German-occupied
141:
in April 1917. The new French commander of the armies in France, General
130:
122:
103:
60:
1440:
Dare Call it Treason: the True Story of the French Army Mutinies of 1917
1376:
Victory through Coalition, Britain and France during the First World War
1284:. Vol. I (pbk. repr. ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
448:
426:
291:
235:, a long and prominent ridge that runs east to west, just north of the
3155:
2922:
619:
161:
in which 554 mutineers were sentenced to death and 26 were executed.
3415:
802:
425:
morale by a combination of rest periods, frequent rotations of the
409:
was encircled by loyal Russian troops in September 1917 at Camp de
320:
299:
192:
165:
1116:
General J. B.E. Estienne - Father of tanks, Caterpillars and Wings
873:
Andrew, Christopher M.; Kanya-Forstner, Alexander Sydney (1981).
542:
540:
311:
soldiers deserted in 1917; the offensive was suspended on 9 May.
239:. Nivelle applied a tactic that he had used with success at the
718:
607:
571:
397:
287:
47:
1781:
1263:
Transnational France: The Modern History of a Universal Nation
537:
3583:
706:
640:
638:
271:
657:
655:
653:
1356:
583:
561:
559:
557:
555:
274:, who had been so enthusiastic just a few days before. The
635:
1202:
Simkins, Peter; Jukes, Geoffrey; Hickey, Michael (1983).
814:
754:
696:
694:
650:
1074:
A World Undone: The Story of the Great War, 1914 to 1918
850:
826:
552:
778:
691:
133:. They started just after the unsuccessful and costly
1679:
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
953:
France 1815â2003: Modern History For Modern Languages
894:
Trench Warfare, 1914â18: The Live and Let Live System
766:
742:
679:
595:
447:
and the introduction of the new and highly effective
278:
in early April 1917 was met with euphoria in France.
1076:(Delta trade pbk. ed.). New York: Bantam Dell.
872:
838:
808:
730:
667:
1323:
If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West
790:
1201:
875:The Climax of French Imperial Expansion, 1914â1924
577:
3926:
2758:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1138:Foch: Supreme Allied Commander in the Great War
1400:(pbk. abbr. ed.). London: Penguin Books.
990:
724:
589:
546:
1797:
1492:
913:The Private Papers of Douglas Haig, 1914â1918
373:). In 1967, research by Guy Pedroncini found
1506:
1204:The First World War: The War To End All Wars
936:] (in French). Louviers: Ysec Editions.
500:
452:
364:
241:First and Second Offensive Battles of Verdun
3248:
1093:Pessimism and British War Policy, 1916â1918
877:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
176:) and disappointment at the non-arrival of
145:, had promised a decisive victory over the
1804:
1790:
1577:Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee
1499:
1485:
1442:(repr. ed.). New York: Dorset Press.
1373:
1154:
1033:
712:
700:
1378:. Sydney: University of New South Wales.
1225:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1038:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
927:
685:
3047:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
1699:Commune of the Working People of Estonia
1542:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
1456:
1298:
1279:
1180:
1019:(pbk. ed.). London: HarperCollins.
891:
736:
644:
629:
625:
613:
391:
191:
3424:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
1414:
1260:
1132:
1090:
1036:The French Army and the First World War
1011:
784:
748:
661:
601:
206:More than one million French soldiers (
3927:
1664:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
1109:
1052:
969:
934:Your Forefather in the First World War
820:
772:
760:
565:
197:The Aisne Front in 1917, site of the
3377:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
2713:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
1785:
1719:Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic
1480:
1392:
1347:
1320:
1239:
1220:
1071:
950:
910:
856:
844:
832:
796:
673:
454:J'attends les chars et les Américains
3781:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1437:
972:Intelligence & National Security
3965:Subsidiary conflicts of World War I
3945:Military discipline and World War I
3710:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
2504:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
999:(1). London: Taylor & Francis.
930:Votre ancĂȘtre dans la Grande Guerre
915:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
13:
2443:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
1729:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
1674:DonetskâKrivoy Rog Soviet Republic
1341:
429:units and regular home furloughs.
14:
3986:
3975:Events that led to courts-martial
1704:Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
1684:Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
1423:] (in French). Paris: Imago.
1110:Mondet, Arlette Estienne (2011).
2806:Second Battle of the Piave River
2428:Russian invasion of East Prussia
809:Andrew & Kanya-Forstner 1981
578:Simkins, Jukes & Hickey 1983
243:in October and December 1916, a
90:
3877:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
3077:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1811:
1265:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
896:. Grand Strategy. London: Pan.
865:
153:sacked and replaced by General
3700:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
3559:Deportations from East Prussia
3356:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
1547:German Revolution of 1918â1919
1374:Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2005).
1034:Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2014).
1:
3611:Ukrainian Canadian internment
1118:]. Editions L'Harmattan.
445:American Expeditionary Forces
354:
298:there were disturbances in a
187:
3766:SazonovâPalĂ©ologue Agreement
3065:Estonian War of Independence
2733:Southern Palestine offensive
1582:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
1282:The First World War: To Arms
1140:. Washington DC: Brassey's.
531:
432:
7:
3720:USA against Austria-Hungary
3119:Turkish War of Independence
3071:Latvian War of Independence
2796:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
2387:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
1659:Soviet Republic of Naissaar
911:Blake, Robert, ed. (1952).
510:
437:
281:
38:25 April 1917 â 8 June 1917
10:
3991:
3803:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
3351:1899â1923 cholera pandemic
2811:Second Battle of the Marne
2698:Second battle of the Aisne
2567:Second Battle of Champagne
2408:German invasion of Belgium
1438:Watt, Richard M. (2001) .
1421:The Strike in the Trenches
1221:Smith, Leonard V. (1994).
725:Gilbert & Bernard 1959
590:Gilbert & Bernard 1959
547:Gilbert & Bernard 1959
485:
252:Second Battle of the Aisne
135:Second Battle of the Aisne
129:in northern France during
71:Second Battle of the Aisne
3960:Opposition to World War I
3909:
3868:
3789:
3728:
3690:
3634:
3623:
3584:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
3527:
3499:
3447:
3369:
3343:
3295:
3188:
3181:
3113:Irish War of Independence
3009:
2891:
2856:Armistice of Villa Giusti
2841:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
2766:
2668:
2595:
2496:
2453:First Battle of the Marne
2400:
2362:
2297:
2288:
2231:
2105:
2094:
2060:
2032:
1994:
1946:
1899:
1892:
1819:
1758:
1742:
1709:Hungarian Soviet Republic
1694:Soviet Republic of Saxony
1689:Ukrainian Soviet Republic
1651:
1605:
1514:
1181:Poitevin, Pierre (1938).
137:, the main action in the
119:1917 French Army mutinies
83:
78:
54:
42:
34:
26:
22:1917 French Army mutinies
21:
16:Failed uprising in France
3970:Revolutions of 1917â1923
3736:Constantinople Agreement
3029:ArmenianâAzerbaijani War
2892:Co-belligerent conflicts
2861:Second Romanian campaign
2831:Third Transjordan attack
2542:GorliceâTarnĂłw offensive
2448:Battle of Grand Couronné
1714:Bavarian Soviet Republic
1552:1919 Egyptian revolution
1508:Revolutions of 1917â1923
928:Buffetaut, Yves (2000).
616:, pp. 94, 100, 109.
29:Revolutions of 1917â1923
3950:Mutinies in World War I
3799:Modus vivendi of Acroma
3751:BulgariaâGermany treaty
3059:Greater Poland Uprising
2959:National Protection War
2836:MeuseâArgonne offensive
2786:German spring offensive
2781:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2557:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
2532:Second Battle of Artois
2413:Battle of the Frontiers
1623:1919 Southampton mutiny
1557:Greater Poland Uprising
1457:Williams, John (1962).
1415:Rolland, Denis (2005).
1261:Stovall, Tyler (2015).
1091:Millman, Brock (2014).
892:Ashworth, Tony (2000).
472:German spring offensive
276:U.S. entry into the war
182:U.S. declaration of war
3824:Paris Peace Conference
3812:UkraineâCentral Powers
3606:Massacres of Albanians
3574:Late Ottoman genocides
3381:Bulgarian occupations
3089:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3053:HungarianâRomanian War
2871:Naval Victory Bulletin
2866:Armistice with Germany
2816:Hundred Days Offensive
2743:Battle of La Malmaison
2693:Second battle of Arras
2660:Battle of Transylvania
2514:Second Battle of Ypres
2382:Sarajevo assassination
2271:South African Republic
1724:Slovak Soviet Republic
1628:Seattle General Strike
1417:La grÚve des tranchées
1321:Wynne, G. C. (1976) .
1306:. London: Leo Cooper.
1160:Les mutineries de 1917
1057:. London: Hutchinson.
951:Evans, Martin (2014).
503:Grand Quartier Général
501:
493:Les Mutineries de 1917
476:Hundred Days Offensive
453:
401:
396:Possible execution at
365:
250:Nivelle's attack (the
203:
3940:France in World War I
3834:Treaty of St. Germain
3807:RussiaâCentral Powers
3761:SykesâPicot Agreement
3589:Pontic Greek genocide
3564:Destruction of Kalisz
3540:Eastern Mediterranean
3101:PolishâLithuanian War
2883:Armistice of Belgrade
2846:Armistice of Salonica
2776:Operation Faustschlag
2723:Third Battle of Oituz
2645:Baranovichi offensive
2613:Lake Naroch offensive
2587:Battle of Robat Karim
2562:VistulaâBug offensive
2537:Battles of the Isonzo
2468:First Battle of Ypres
1669:Odesa Soviet Republic
1461:. London: Heinemann.
1280:Strachan, H. (2003).
1248:(2). New York: Sage.
1095:. London: Routledge.
1072:Meyer, G. J. (2007).
1053:Keegan, John (1998).
955:. London: Routledge.
468:Third Battle of Ypres
407:First Russian Brigade
395:
227:to break through the
195:
3829:Treaty of Versailles
3545:Mount Lebanon famine
3460:in the United States
3428:Russian occupations
3142:TurkishâArmenian War
3083:PolishâUkrainian War
3023:UkrainianâSoviet War
2970:Central Asian Revolt
2753:Armistice of FocÈani
2483:Battle of Sarikamish
2433:Battle of Tannenberg
1829:Military engagements
1613:French Army Mutinies
1164:The Mutinies of 1917
421:in penal servitude.
174:trade union movement
3896:They shall not pass
3819:Treaty of Bucharest
3776:Treaty of Bucharest
3715:USA against Germany
3692:Declarations of war
3396:German occupations
3309:British casualties
3168:SovietâGeorgian War
3095:Egyptian Revolution
3035:Armeno-Georgian War
2899:Somaliland campaign
2851:Armistice of Mudros
2728:Battle of Caporetto
2718:Battle of MÄrÄÈeÈti
2688:Zimmermann telegram
2683:February Revolution
2628:Battle of the Somme
2552:Bug-Narew Offensive
2527:Battle of Gallipoli
2519:Sinking of the RMS
2311:Scramble for Africa
2305:Franco-Prussian War
1961:Sinai and Palestine
1638:May Fourth Movement
1134:Neiberg, Michael S.
1055:The First World War
859:, pp. 180â201.
835:, pp. 314â315.
823:, pp. 573â592.
763:, pp. 356â431.
715:, pp. 207â208.
664:, pp. 333â334.
647:, pp. 224â225.
568:, pp. 356â364.
480:blockade of Germany
381:sentences but only
377:of hard labour and
317:February Revolution
268:Battle of the Somme
168:(stimulated by the
121:took place amongst
3856:Treaty of Lausanne
3771:Paris Economy Pact
3705:UK against Germany
3635:Entry into the war
3601:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
3320:Ottoman casualties
3130:Franco-Turkish War
3010:Post-War conflicts
2994:Russian Revolution
2976:Invasion of Darfur
2941:Kelantan rebellion
2929:Kurdish rebellions
2905:Mexican Revolution
2738:October Revolution
2703:Kerensky offensive
2678:Capture of Baghdad
2655:Monastir offensive
2640:Brusilov offensive
2478:Battle of Kolubara
2317:Russo-Japanese War
1633:March 1st Movement
1592:September Uprising
1522:Russian Revolution
1398:The Price of Glory
1206:. Oxford: Osprey.
402:
366:conseils de guerre
333:CĆuvres-et-Valsery
272:French infantrymen
204:
170:Russian Revolution
3935:Conflicts in 1917
3922:
3921:
3905:
3904:
3889:The Golden Virgin
3883:Mutilated victory
3864:
3863:
3844:Treaty of Trianon
3839:Treaty of Neuilly
3746:Damascus Protocol
3619:
3618:
3579:Armenian genocide
3536:Allied blockades
3508:Belgian refugees
3291:
3290:
3201:Strategic bombing
3177:
3176:
3162:Franco-Syrian War
3136:Greco-Turkish War
3124:Anglo-Turkish War
3107:PolishâSoviet War
3041:German Revolution
3017:Russian Civil War
3000:Finnish Civil War
2826:Battle of Megiddo
2801:Battle of Goychay
2748:Battle of Cambrai
2708:Battle of MÄrÄÈti
2623:Battle of Jutland
2603:Erzurum offensive
2458:Siege of PrzemyĆl
2438:Siege of Tsingtao
2423:Battle of Galicia
2353:Second Balkan War
2341:Italo-Turkish War
2298:Pre-War conflicts
2284:
2283:
2174:Portuguese Empire
2090:
2089:
2052:German New Guinea
2034:Asian and Pacific
1779:
1778:
1532:Finnish Civil War
1527:Russian Civil War
1449:978-0-7607-2240-4
1430:978-2-84952-020-8
1407:978-0-14-002215-5
1385:978-0-521-85384-2
1366:978-0-89839-180-0
1332:978-0-8371-5029-1
1313:978-0-436-51732-7
1291:978-0-19-926191-8
1272:978-0-8133-4812-4
1232:978-0-691-03304-4
1147:978-1-57488-551-4
1125:978-2-296-44757-8
1102:978-1-135-26950-0
1083:978-0-553-38240-2
1064:978-0-09-180178-6
1045:978-1-107-60568-8
1026:978-0-00-637666-8
962:978-1-4441-1903-9
903:978-0-330-48068-0
884:978-0-8047-1101-2
727:, pp. 29â31.
549:, pp. 24â41.
329:FĂšre-en-Tardenois
325:Villers-CotterĂȘts
307:in May. A record
199:Nivelle Offensive
139:Nivelle Offensive
115:
114:
111:
110:
66:Nivelle Offensive
3982:
3849:Treaty of SĂšvres
3741:Treaty of London
3632:
3631:
3410:Northeast France
3341:
3340:
3313:Parliamentarians
3246:
3245:
3208:Chemical weapons
3186:
3185:
2947:Senussi campaign
2917:Muscat rebellion
2911:Maritz rebellion
2879:
2821:Vardar offensive
2650:Battle of Romani
2618:Battle of Asiago
2608:Battle of Verdun
2572:Kosovo offensive
2347:First Balkan War
2295:
2294:
2194:Russian Republic
2103:
2102:
1897:
1896:
1839:Economic history
1806:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1771:World revolution
1643:1923 KrakĂłw riot
1597:Hamburg Uprising
1537:Aster Revolution
1501:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1453:
1434:
1411:
1389:
1370:
1336:
1317:
1295:
1276:
1257:
1236:
1217:
1198:
1177:
1151:
1129:
1106:
1087:
1068:
1049:
1030:
1008:
987:
966:
947:
924:
907:
888:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
648:
642:
633:
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
550:
544:
519:(September 1917)
506:
456:
416:
387:Raymond Poincaré
384:
380:
376:
368:
363:
310:
306:
297:
258:but half of the
245:creeping barrage
233:Chemin des Dames
218:
215:
214:287,000 in 1916,
212:
211:334,000 in 1915,
209:
208:306,000 in 1914,
95:
94:
93:
85:
84:
19:
18:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3901:
3860:
3792:
3785:
3756:Treaty of Darin
3724:
3686:
3642:Austria-Hungary
3628:
3615:
3596:Rape of Belgium
3523:
3495:
3443:
3437:Western Armenia
3432:Eastern Galicia
3365:
3339:
3303:
3302:Civilian impact
3301:
3287:
3244:
3173:
3005:
2935:Ovambo Uprising
2887:
2873:
2762:
2664:
2591:
2509:Battle of ĆomĆŒa
2492:
2488:Christmas truce
2463:Race to the Sea
2396:
2358:
2280:
2251:Austria-Hungary
2227:
2162:Empire of Japan
2099:
2097:
2086:
2070:U-boat campaign
2056:
2028:
1990:
1942:
1888:
1869:Popular culture
1815:
1810:
1780:
1775:
1766:World communism
1754:
1750:First Red Scare
1738:
1647:
1601:
1510:
1505:
1474:
1450:
1431:
1408:
1394:Horne, Alistair
1386:
1367:
1344:
1342:Further reading
1339:
1333:
1314:
1292:
1273:
1233:
1214:
1174:
1156:Pedroncini, Guy
1148:
1126:
1103:
1084:
1065:
1046:
1027:
1017:First World War
1013:Gilbert, Martin
963:
944:
904:
885:
868:
863:
855:
851:
843:
839:
831:
827:
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
791:
783:
779:
771:
767:
759:
755:
747:
743:
735:
731:
723:
719:
713:Greenhalgh 2014
711:
707:
701:Pedroncini 1983
699:
692:
684:
680:
672:
668:
660:
651:
643:
636:
628:, p. 285;
624:
620:
612:
608:
600:
596:
588:
584:
576:
572:
564:
553:
545:
538:
534:
513:
488:
440:
435:
414:
382:
378:
375:2,878 sentences
374:
361:
357:
308:
304:
295:
284:
264:Philippe PĂ©tain
216:
213:
210:
207:
202:
190:
178:American troops
155:Philippe PĂ©tain
107:
99:
97:French Republic
91:
89:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3955:1917 in France
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3880:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3791:Peace treaties
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3677:United Kingdom
3674:
3669:
3667:Ottoman Empire
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3571:
3569:Sack of Dinant
3566:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3517:United Kingdom
3514:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3477:
3471:POW locations
3469:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3271:United Kingdom
3268:
3266:Ottoman Empire
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3243:
3242:
3240:Trench warfare
3237:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3192:
3190:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2956:
2953:Volta-Bani War
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:Zeebrugge Raid
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2582:Battle of Loos
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2473:Black Sea raid
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2375:Historiography
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2329:Bosnian Crisis
2326:
2323:Tangier Crisis
2320:
2314:
2308:
2301:
2299:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:Ottoman Empire
2253:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2233:Central Powers
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2216:British Empire
2211:United Kingdom
2208:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2189:Russian Empire
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2107:Entente Powers
2100:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2075:North Atlantic
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1986:Central Arabia
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1948:Middle Eastern
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Historiography
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1734:Labin Republic
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1454:
1448:
1435:
1429:
1412:
1406:
1390:
1384:
1371:
1365:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1318:
1312:
1296:
1290:
1277:
1271:
1258:
1242:War in History
1237:
1231:
1218:
1212:
1199:
1178:
1172:
1152:
1146:
1130:
1124:
1107:
1101:
1088:
1082:
1069:
1063:
1050:
1044:
1031:
1025:
1009:
988:
967:
961:
948:
942:
925:
908:
902:
889:
883:
869:
867:
864:
862:
861:
849:
847:, p. 540.
837:
825:
813:
811:, p. 116.
801:
789:
787:, p. 141.
777:
775:, p. 159.
765:
753:
741:
729:
717:
705:
690:
686:Buffetaut 2000
678:
676:, p. 236.
666:
649:
634:
632:, p. 247.
618:
606:
604:, p. 275.
594:
582:
570:
551:
535:
533:
530:
529:
528:
524:Paths of Glory
520:
517:Ătaples Mutiny
512:
509:
487:
484:
459:Woodrow Wilson
439:
436:
434:
431:
371:courts-martial
356:
353:
348:Guy Pedroncini
337:Missy-aux-Bois
283:
280:
221:Robert Nivelle
196:
189:
186:
159:courts martial
143:Robert Nivelle
125:troops on the
113:
112:
109:
108:
102:
100:
88:
81:
80:
76:
75:
74:
73:
68:
63:
56:
52:
51:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3987:
3976:
3973:
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3968:
3966:
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3958:
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3808:
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3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3682:United States
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
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3490:
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3427:
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3408:
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3401:
3398:
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3391:
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3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
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3346:
3342:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3299:
3294:
3284:
3283:United States
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3233:Convoy system
3231:
3230:
3229:
3228:Naval warfare
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:Kaocen revolt
2986:
2983:
2982:Easter Rising
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
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2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
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2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:Great Retreat
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Battle of Cer
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2335:Agadir Crisis
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2223:United States
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2140:French Empire
2138:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2093:
2083:
2082:Mediterranean
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2062:Naval warfare
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1938:Italian Front
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1926:Eastern Front
1924:
1922:
1921:Western Front
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Puppet states
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:Ruhr uprising
1565:
1563:
1562:Biennio Rosso
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1213:1-84176-738-7
1209:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1173:2-13-038092-1
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:The Historian
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
968:
964:
958:
954:
949:
945:
943:2-9513423-2-2
939:
935:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
905:
899:
895:
890:
886:
880:
876:
871:
870:
858:
853:
846:
841:
834:
829:
822:
817:
810:
805:
799:, p. 84.
798:
793:
786:
781:
774:
769:
762:
757:
751:, p. 53.
750:
745:
738:
737:Poitevin 1938
733:
726:
721:
714:
709:
702:
697:
695:
687:
682:
675:
670:
663:
658:
656:
654:
646:
645:Ashworth 2000
641:
639:
631:
630:Strachan 2003
627:
626:Terraine 1977
622:
615:
614:Terraine 1977
610:
603:
598:
592:, p. 28.
591:
586:
580:, p. 78.
579:
574:
567:
562:
560:
558:
556:
548:
543:
541:
536:
526:
525:
521:
518:
515:
514:
508:
505:
504:
496:
494:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
463:
460:
455:
450:
446:
430:
428:
422:
420:
412:
408:
399:
394:
390:
388:
372:
367:
352:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
312:
309:27,000 French
301:
296:16 to 17 May,
293:
289:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:Schneider CA1
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
200:
194:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:Western Front
124:
120:
105:
101:
98:
87:
86:
82:
77:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
58:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
30:
25:
20:
3894:
3887:
3875:
3482: /
3414:
3249:Conscription
3213:Cryptography
3150:Iraqi Revolt
2577:Siege of Kut
2520:
2098:participants
2047:German Samoa
1981:South Arabia
1612:
1587:March Action
1572:Iraqi Revolt
1473:
1458:
1439:
1420:
1416:
1397:
1375:
1352:
1322:
1303:
1300:Terraine, J.
1281:
1262:
1245:
1241:
1222:
1203:
1186:
1182:
1163:
1159:
1137:
1115:
1111:
1092:
1073:
1054:
1035:
1016:
996:
992:
975:
971:
952:
933:
929:
912:
893:
874:
866:Bibliography
852:
840:
828:
816:
804:
792:
785:Millman 2014
780:
768:
756:
749:Neiberg 2003
744:
732:
720:
708:
681:
669:
662:Gilbert 1995
621:
609:
602:Stovall 2015
597:
585:
573:
522:
497:
492:
489:
464:
441:
423:
419:North Africa
403:
358:
345:
341:Douglas Haig
313:
305:21 divisions
285:
256:Berry-au-Bac
249:
225:British Army
205:
163:
151:
118:
116:
27:Part of the
3512:Netherlands
3489:Switzerland
3370:Occupations
3361:Spanish flu
3138:(1919â1922)
3132:(1918â1921)
3126:(1918â1923)
3115:(1919â1921)
3109:(1919â1921)
3103:(1919â1920)
3079:(1918â1920)
3073:(1918â1920)
3067:(1918â1920)
3049:(1918â1920)
3031:(1918â1920)
3025:(1917â1921)
3019:(1917â1921)
2966:(1916-1918)
2964:Arab Revolt
2955:(1915â1917)
2949:(1915â1917)
2937:(1914-1917)
2931:(1914â1917)
2925:(1914â1921)
2919:(1913â1920)
2907:(1910â1920)
2901:(1900â1920)
2874: [
2392:July Crisis
2313:(1880â1914)
1976:Mesopotamia
1854:Home fronts
1813:World War I
1652:Territories
1459:Mutiny 1917
821:French 1991
773:Mondet 2011
761:Keegan 1998
566:Keegan 1998
527:(1957 film)
474:and in the
411:La Courtine
292:cantonments
237:Aisne River
131:World War I
123:French Army
104:French Army
61:World War I
3929:Categories
3729:Agreements
3529:War crimes
3405:Luxembourg
3298:Casualties
2169:Montenegro
2004:South West
1884:Technology
1874:Propaganda
1864:Opposition
921:1019214627
857:Smith 1995
845:Meyer 2007
833:Wynne 1976
797:Evans 2014
674:Blake 1952
449:Renault FT
427:front-line
415:10,000 men
355:Repression
217:121,000 in
188:Background
3626:Diplomacy
3333:Olympians
3256:Australia
3223:Logistics
3156:Vlora War
3085:(1918â19)
3061:(1918â19)
3055:(1918â19)
3043:(1918â19)
2990:(1916â17)
2972:(1916â17)
2923:Zaian War
2913:(1914â15)
2633:first day
2521:Lusitania
2349:(1912â13)
2343:(1911â12)
2331:(1908â09)
2325:(1905â06)
2307:(1870â71)
2096:Principal
1956:Gallipoli
1859:Memorials
1844:Geography
1834:Aftermath
1743:Reactions
1467:640998048
1396:(1978) .
1351:(1992) .
1349:Falls, C.
1254:0968-3445
1195:715735154
1005:0018-2370
984:0268-4527
532:Footnotes
433:Aftermath
379:629 death
346:In 1967,
55:Caused by
3914:Category
3501:Refugees
3467:Italians
3456:Germans
3416:Ober Ost
3196:Aviation
2290:Timeline
2261:Bulgaria
2042:Tsingtao
2019:Togoland
1966:Caucasus
1901:European
1893:Theatres
1618:Red Week
1606:Protests
1302:(1977).
1158:(1983).
1136:(2003).
1015:(1995).
511:See also
438:Analysis
321:Soissons
300:Chasseur
282:Mutinies
172:and the
166:pacifism
43:Location
3652:Germany
3552:Germany
3480:Germany
3400:Belgium
3385:Albania
3344:Disease
3324:Sports
3276:Ireland
3189:Warfare
3182:Aspects
2370:Origins
2363:Prelude
2266:Senussi
2246:Germany
2241:Leaders
2179:Romania
2120:Belgium
2115:Leaders
2014:Kamerun
1996:African
1931:Romania
1909:Balkans
1824:Outline
1759:Related
1515:Revolts
486:History
451:tanks,
294:. From
147:Germans
79:Parties
3672:Russia
3647:France
3475:Canada
3390:Serbia
3261:Canada
3218:Horses
3170:(1921)
3164:(1920)
3158:(1920)
3152:(1920)
3144:(1920)
3097:(1919)
3091:(1919)
3037:(1918)
3002:(1918)
2996:(1917)
2984:(1916)
2978:(1916)
2943:(1915)
2355:(1913)
2337:(1911)
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2276:Darfur
2201:Serbia
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