671:
76:
2593:
ultimately subsumed their conquerors culturally and linguistically as al-Umari noted by the fourteenth century . I argue that the name 'Tatar' was adopted by the Turkic peoples in the region as a sign of having joined the Tatar conquerors – a practice which Friar Julian reported in the 1230s as the conquest unfolded. The name stands as a testament to the survivability and adaptability of both peoples and ethnonyms. It became, as Sh. Marjani stated, their 'proud Tatar name.'"
915:(大蒙古國); meanwhile, the old endonym Tatar fell out of favor and would be used to as a derogatory term for rebellious Mongolic-speaking tribes; Pow further speculates that the name-change was motivated by insecurities: either because the enemies held in contempt the name Tatar, or because the subjects used the endonym Tatar for Mongolic-speaking elites, or because rivalries among Genghis Khan's descendants necessitated the delineation of "in" and "out" groups.
1186:. Russian original: " Otuz Tatar – кочевые племена монгольского типа. В китайских источниках их называли «татань, дадань». Проживали на Байкале и маньчжурии." rough translation: "Nomadic tribes of the Mongolic sort. In Chinese sources they were called 'Tatan, Dadan'. They lived between Baikal and Manchuria."
752:
and other tribal groupings (either already there or also newly arrived) into the Kimek tribal union. According to the
Russian orientalist Vasily Ushnitsky, reports of medieval Muslim sources about the Tatar origin of the Kimak dynastic clan are the argument of the supporters of the Mongolian origin
383:
tribes are associated with the Dada or identified with specifically the Thirty Tatars. As for the Nine Tatars, Ochir (2016) considers them to be
Mongolic and proposes that this tribe apparently formed in Mongolia during the 6th–8th centuries, that their ethnogenesis involved Mongolic people as well
661:
According to
Klyashtorny, the name "Tatar" was the Turkic designation for Mongols. As Ushnitsky writes, the ethnonym "Tatar" was used by the Turks only to designate "strangers", that is, peoples who did not speak Turkic languages. The Turkic tribes living among their Mongol-speaking neighbors were
320:
Xu proposed that "the main body of the Rouran were of
Xiongnu origin" and Rourans' descendants, namely Da Shiwei (aka Tatars), contained Turkic-speaking Xiongnu elements to a great extent. Even so, the language of the Xiongnu is still unknown, and Chinese historians routinely ascribed Xiongnu
2592:
quote (p 563): "Regarding the Volga Tatar people of today, it appears they took on the endonym of their Mongol conquerors when they overran the Dasht-i-Kipchak. It was preserved as the prevailing ethnonym in the subsequent synthesis of the
Mongols and their more numerous Turkic subjects who
894:
However, Bartold, Ushnitsky, Klyashtorny, Theobald, and Pow notice that even ethnic
Mongols were often called Tatars, especially in unofficial sources either authored by foreigners (e.g. Turks, Chinese, Vietnamese, Jurchens, Javanese) or by ethnic Mongols themselves (e.g. general
2439:
657:
and Tatars – the last two of whom Köprülü considers to be
Turkified Mongols – could speak Kashgari's Karakhanid dialect as well as their own Turkic dialects, yet those peoples' own dialects differed from Karakhanid so substantially that Kashgari considered them other languages.
2565:
1299:
The name Tatar first appeared among nomadic tribes living in northeastern
Mongolia and the area around Lake Baikal from the 5th century CE. Unlike the Mongols, these peoples spoke a Turkic language, and they may have been related to the Cuman or Kipchak
879:, and spared only women and children. The surviving Tatars were absorbed into Genghis Khan's tribe, and the Tatar confederation ceased to exist. Since the Tatars were a tribe of thousands, their absorption greatly enlarged Genghis Khan's tribe.
388:
named nine tribes: Tutukliud (Tutagud), Alchi, Kuyn, Birkuy, Terat, Tamashi, Niuchi, Buyragud, and
Ayragud, living in the eastern steppe and the Khalkhyn Gol's basin during the second half of 12th century. Golden (1992) proposes that that
662:
also called "tat" or "tat-ar". According to
Bartold, the peoples of Mongolian origin who spoke the Mongolian language had always called themselves Tatars. Subsequently, this word was completely supplanted by the word "Mongol".
454:
2436:
1321:
736:, who was consolidating power between 744 and 750 CE. After being defeated three times, half of the Oghuz-Tatar rebels rejoined the Uyghurs, while the other half fled to an unknown people, who were identified as
495:
in Chinese sources since the 9th century indeed denoted Tatars, whom the Gōktürks had mentioned on the Orkhon inscriptions as Otuz-Tatar and Toquz-Tatar and whom Chinese had called Rourans.
1739:
Xu (2005), pp. 181–182: "The Turkic Orkhon Inscription written in 732 declared the thirty clans of the Tartar, who were believed the other name of some Shiwei tribes, were enemies of them."
1022:
Golden (2015) notes that Kashgari "appears to waver in his usage, often employing Turk to denote his only Qarakhanids, i.e. Türks and at other times to encompass Turkic-speakers in general"
649:
alongside their own languages; the same for the Yabaqus, Basmïls, and Chömüls. Yet available evidence suggested that the Yabaqus, Basmïls, and Chömüls were all Turkic speakers; therefore,
2047:
717:
region, constantly mentioned in the Orkhon inscriptions as the place of residence of the Turks, according to Mahmud Kashgar, was once in the country of the Tatars. According to
518:
The Turks are, in origin, twenty tribes. They all trace back to Turk, son of Japheth, son of Noah, God’s blessings be upon them – they correspond to the children of Rūm, son of
483:
confederation. At the same time, Kyzlasov is against the identification of the Tatars of the Orkhon inscriptions with Dada from Chinese sources. However, Ochir thinks that the
321:
origins to various nomadic groups, yet such ascriptions do not necessarily indicate the subjects' exact origins: for examples, Xiongnu ancestry was ascribed to Turkic-speaking
887:
Mongolian historian Urgunge Onon proposes that Mongols were initially known to Europeans as Tatars because Tatars were compelled to fight as vanguards before the main body of
535:
I outline the geographical position of each of their tribes in the eastern world. They are listed in order to East, both pagan and Muslim, beginning with those closest to
641:; however, the manuscript's world-map shows that the Tatars were located west of the Ili river and west of the Bashkirs, whom Kashagari already located west of Tatars.
1557:
Lee, Joo-Yup (2016). "The Historical Meaning of the Term Turk and the Nature of the Turkic Identity of the Chinggisid and Timurid Elites in Post-Mongol Central Asia".
1388:. Ed. Curta, Maleon. Iași (2013). pp. 54–56. quotes: "Datan may refer to the Tatars." " Kljaštornyj (Kljaštornyj and Savinov, Stepnye imperii, p. 57) reconstructs
1419:
2484:
1723:
were subdued ..." translated by Xu (2005:72); alternative translation: "When Abaoji became king, even more valiant; all the five Xi tribes and all the seven
445:
Ochir (2016) proposes that Mongolic and Mongolized Turkic peoples participated in the ethnogenesis of the Nine Tatars, whom Ochir considers to be Mongolic.
927:, as a sign of political allegiance, adopted the endonym of their Mongol conquerors, before ultimately subsuming the latter culturally and linguistically.
645:
attributed such contradictions to errors made when the text and the map were copied. Kashgari additionally noted that Tatars were bilingual, speaking
449:
2566:"'Nationes que se Tartaros appellant': An Exploration of the Historical Problem of the Usage of the Ethnonyms Tatar and Mongol in Medieval Sources""
951:
were Turkic-speaking Turkified Mongols. These Tatars were not the same as the Tatar confederation in Mongolia and might have been the constituent
721:, this message suggests that the Mongols already then reached the west to the area where their neighbors from different sides were Turkic tribes.
1481:
1175:
2010:
1649:
Ross, E. Denison; Vilhelm Thomsen (1930). "The Orkhon Inscriptions: Being a Translation of Professor Vilhelm Thomsen's Final Danish Rendering".
2621:
2420:
From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia (orientalia - patristica - oecumenica)
2260:
732:. The Shine Usu inscription mentioned that the Toquz Tatars, in alliance with the Sekiz-Oghuz, unsuccessfully revolted against Uyghur Khagan
3631:
2499:, northeast of the Khitans. Later they were attacked by Khitans, and the tribe was scattered. Some submitted to Khitans; some submitted to
888:
2044:
1452:
was lost within centuries of its composition, and the current contents represent an abridgement of similar material interpolated from the
1631:
1404:(“Thirty Tatars”) who were among the mourners at the funeral of Bumın Qağan (see the inscriptions of Kül Tegin, E4 and Bilge Qağan, E5)."
2193:
1441:
1146:
For example, the Water Mongols (Zumoals, Su-Moghol, Usu Irgen), who also called themselves Tatars and were known as Water Tatars (水達達).
1360:
694:, who overthrew their Rouran overlords in 552 and annihilated the Rourans in 555. One branch of the dispersed Rourans migrated to the
459:
argues that the Toquz Tatars and Otuz Tatars were instead Turkic-speaking, as the Persian-authored 10th century geographical treatise
1252:
1048:"Eight Oghuzes", an ethnonym which denotes the eight tribes who had revolted against the leading Uyghur tribe, according to Czeglédy.
670:
2854:
2693:
1367:. "芮芮一號大檀，又號檀檀，亦匈奴別種。" tr. "Ruìruì, one appellation is Dàtán, also called Tántán; they were also a separate stock of the Xiōngnú."
1613:
3401:
1950:
1587:
75:
2004:
1834:
1758:
384:
as Mongolized Turks who had ruled them; later on, Nine Tatars participated in the ethno-cultural development of the Mongols.
993:; even though the Toghuzghuz country's locations, given by the Hudud, are identifiable with Qocho kingdom's locations: e.g.
2335:
2375:
2140:
1537:
2614:
2816:
2404:
2096:
1804:
1454:
1106:
844:
400:
Tatars were proposed to dwell in Northeastern Mongolia and around Lake Baikal, or between Manchuria and Lake Baikal.
1400:, the people who, he concludes, assisted Datan in the 420s in his internal struggles and who later are noted as the
1287:
1035:
who remained east after their cousins' westwards migration, and in the 11th century, Basmïls were still speaking an
2418:
Paulillo, Mauricio. "White Tatars: The Problem of the Öngũt conversion to Jingjiao and the Uighur Connection" in
1137:; on the other hand, Pow defines unofficial sources as those "not controlled and formed by Mongol Toluid courts".
911:'s expansion, before self-identifying as Mongols, originally a dynastic-state label taken after the 12th-century
1715:咸役屬之" "Up to the time of Abaoji who was more valiant, all of the five tribes of the Xi, the seven tribes of the
3641:
876:
211:
1208:
3651:
2646:
2607:
744:. According to Senga and Klyashtorny, part of the Toquz-Tatar rebels fled westwards from the Uyghurs to the
3364:
2698:
1994:
956:
860:
813:
776:
and were urged to fight against the other Mongol tribes. The Tatars lived on the fertile pastures around
773:
729:
17:
1416:
650:
408:
Toquz-Tatars and Otuz-Tatars from the Orkhon inscriptions are proposed to be Mongolic speakers (e.g. by
3646:
3394:
422:, Altaist Volker Rybatzki, etc.). On the other hand, they were proposed to be Turkic speakers (e.g. by
3372:
Mongolized ethnic groups.Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.
2481:
2243:
Czeglédy, Karoly (1972) "On the Numerical Composition of the Ancient Turkish Trial Confederations" in
1512:
1448:"蠕蠕，東胡之苗裔也，姓郁久閭氏。" tr. "Rúrú, offsprings of Dōnghú, surnamed Yùjiŭlǘ"". This fascicle of the original
2725:
1467:
2305:
Czegledy, K. (1973) "Gardizi on the History of Central Asia", p. 265. cited in Kamalov (2003), p. 86
1588:"Kül Tiğin (Gültekin) Yazıtı Tam Metni (Full text of Kul Tigin monument with Turkish transcription)"
753:
of the Kimaks and Kipchaks. The news about the Tatars, from whom the Kimaks separated, according to
2395:
Ozkan Izgi, "The ancient cultures of Central Asia and the relations with the Chinese civilization"
1899:
1857:
1781:
1114:
801:
2517:
The Secret History of the Mongols: Translated, Annotated, and with an Introduction by Urgunge Onon
2257:
2045:"On some unclear, doubtful and contradictory passages in Maḥmūd al-Kāšγarī's "Dīwān Luγāt at-Turk"
1691:
1172:
760:
As for the division of Tatars who remained east, by the 10th century, they became subjects of the
3636:
2686:
1426:. quote: "芮芮國，蓋匈奴別種。" translation: "The Ruìruì nation, possibly a separate stock of the Xiōngnú."
430:
424:
2296:
Ramstedt, G.I. (1913) "Zwei Uighurischen Runeinschriften", p. 52. cited in Kamalov (2003), p. 86
3626:
3410:
2713:
2279:
Kamalov, A. (2003) "The Moghon Shine Usu Insription as the Earliest Uighur Historical Annals",
1110:
385:
1635:
1614:"Bilge Kağan Yazıtı Tam Metni (Full text of Bilge Khagan monument with Turkish transcription)"
682:
The Rourans, Tatars' putative ancestors, roamed modern-day Mongolia in summer and crossed the
3387:
3368:
2666:
2661:
2491:
txt: "達靼，靺鞨之遺種，本在奚、契丹之東北，後為契丹所攻，而部族分散，或屬契丹，或屬渤海，別部散居陰山者，自號達靼。" tr: "Tatars, remnant stock of
1381:
419:
2446:"阿剌兀思剔吉忽里，汪古部人，係出沙陀雁門之後。" Ala Qus Tigin-qori, a man of the Ongud tribe, descending from the
2735:
1079:
Whose birth-name Temüjin was reportedly based on that of captured Tatar chief Temüjin-üge.
8:
2638:
1336:
Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat (author), Leiser, Gary & Dankoff, Robert (translators), (2006),
1122:
499:
341:
219:
49:
3116:
2582:
1685:
792:
joined Tatar confederation in the territory of the modern Mongolia, and became known as
2720:
2681:
2671:
2231:
2213:
Kradin, N.N. "From Tribal Confederation to Empire: The Evolution of Rouran Society" in
1919:
1844:
1768:
1674:
1666:
1504:
904:
837:
836:
origin), Mongolic speakers -to whom belonged Genghis Khan and his companions-, and the
503:
102:
2032:
The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World
1617:
1249:
3476:
3023:
2651:
2587:
2400:
2367:
2132:
2092:
2000:
1830:
1827:Монгольские этнонимы: вопросы происхождения и этнического состава монгольских народов
1800:
1754:
1678:
1482:"Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamic Clans in the Organization of the Zhou Polity"
982:
757:, confirms the fact of the movement to the west of the Turkified Mongolian elements.
248:
126:
1751:Монгольское языкознание в России в 1 половине XIX в.: проблемы наследия (т. 1, ч. 1)
1591:
3481:
3456:
3301:
3086:
3081:
3053:
2768:
2656:
2630:
2577:
1658:
1570:
1566:
1496:
687:
476:
340:
The first precise transcription of the Tatar ethnonym was written in Turkic on the
286:
156:
106:
2314:
Senga cited in Golden (2002) “Notes on the Qïpchaq Tribes: Kimeks and Yemeks”, in
1220:
The Common Mongolic of this time might be connected with two ethnic groups called
699:
642:
3586:
3497:
3471:
3332:
3138:
3033:
2488:
2443:
2431:
2339:
2264:
2197:
2051:
1541:
1445:
1423:
1364:
1256:
1179:
1118:
968:
Alternatively known in Chinese sources as 達打, 達靼, 達達, 達怛, 達旦, 塔壇, 塔壇, 韃靼, 大檀, 檀檀.
695:
620:
3164:
2774:
2332:
3461:
3439:
3317:
3169:
3076:
2907:
2730:
2703:
2465:
2170:
2116:
1976:
1704:
1532:
977:
in Sadur (2012:250), the Toquz Oghuz/Qocho Uyghurs were misidentified with the
952:
944:
769:
754:
733:
718:
638:
616:
595:
511:
507:
270:
2175:Сочинения. Том V. Работы по истории и филологии тюркских и монгольских народов
1662:
1500:
828:), who were identified, by Kyzlasov, with the Turkic-speakers - including the
3620:
3528:
3466:
3434:
3312:
3306:
3246:
3223:
3159:
3101:
2872:
2862:
2831:
2821:
2753:
2745:
2708:
2676:
2504:
2371:
2190:
2136:
1438:
1067:
1010:
912:
908:
849:
809:
797:
761:
737:
703:
646:
628:
460:
380:
334:
322:
314:
310:
295:
236:
92:
57:
1799:(2-е изд., перераб. и испр ed.). Элиста: Калм. кн. изд-во. p. 10.
1357:
607:
When listing the 20 Turkic tribes, Kashgari also included non-Turks such as
3593:
3533:
3449:
3429:
3280:
3274:
3213:
3111:
2968:
2892:
2534:
2359:
1130:
1058:
1036:
868:
805:
785:
765:
691:
412:
349:
326:
261:
133:
848:
claimed that the Tatars were mortal enemies of the Mongols: they betrayed
603:. All of these tribes are opposite Rum, extending toward the East ...
3444:
3285:
3208:
2963:
2811:
2492:
2447:
2201:
1279:
1203:. In Ölmez, Mehmet; Aydın, Erhan; Zieme, Peter; Kaçalin, Mustafa (eds.).
1063:
990:
978:
683:
553:
480:
305:
1508:
690:
in the 5th century, around 402 CE. Among the Rourans' subjects were the
3337:
3290:
2781:
829:
777:
768:. After the fall of the Liao, the Tatars experienced pressure from the
637:). In the extant manuscript's text, the Tatars are located west of the
1670:
702:, a historical Khagan, and gradually incorporated themselves into the
3572:
3038:
2993:
2927:
2117:"Центральноазиатские татары: вопросы этнической истории и этногенеза"
1975:
Maħmūd al-Kašğari. "Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk". Edited & translated by
1134:
986:
907:
tribes used the endonym Tatar during the first 30 to 40 years of the
781:
541:
536:
416:
345:
1690:. Helsingfors, Impr. de la Société de littérature finnoise. p.
900:
3564:
3554:
3503:
3251:
3228:
2978:
2952:
2922:
2917:
2897:
2887:
2599:
2091:. St Petersburg: Филологический факультет СПбГУ. pp. 145–148.
1200:
998:
943:
Köprülü proposes that the Tatars whom Kashgari located west of the
891:
and the ethnonym Tatars would then be transferred to all Mongols.
872:
864:
857:
853:
749:
653:
concludes that in the 11th century, the Yabaqus, Basmïls, Chömüls,
565:
547:
472:
439:
409:
194:
146:
116:
3576:
686:
southwards in winter in search of pastures. Rourans founded their
27:
Major tribal confederation in the Mongolian Plateau (12th century)
3538:
3513:
3295:
3238:
3218:
3203:
3190:
3184:
3179:
3153:
3096:
3071:
3066:
3043:
3028:
3018:
3010:
2942:
2932:
2912:
2902:
2867:
2826:
2801:
2791:
2758:
2496:
1093:
924:
741:
725:
654:
612:
608:
577:
527:
330:
300:
35:
2837:
2067:
Golden, Peter B. (2006). "Cumanica V: The Basmils and Qipčaqs".
1651:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
397:"nine" possibly denoted nine tribes of the Tatar confederation.
3568:
3518:
3508:
3379:
3342:
3322:
3196:
3148:
3143:
3130:
3091:
2947:
2937:
2882:
2877:
2796:
2763:
2500:
2461:
2333:"The Oguzs of the Central Asia and The Guzs of the Aral Region"
1032:
948:
896:
833:
789:
745:
714:
675:
583:
571:
467:
were part of the Toghuzghuz, whom Minorsky identified with the
464:
435:
31:
1125:, all produced by historians employed by or influenced by the
812:, there were three divisions based on their distance from the
376:, 'Nine Tatar' referring to the Tatar confederation.
3580:
3559:
3523:
3348:
3257:
3174:
3106:
2988:
2973:
2957:
2806:
2786:
1126:
1089:
793:
633:
600:
559:
523:
468:
285:) which the book's compilers stated to be other names of the
198:
89:
2460:
Xu (2005), p. 176, quote: "The Mohe were descendants of the
728:
listed Tatars as one of seven founding tribes of the Turkic
3061:
2844:
1205:
From Ötüken to Istanbul: 1290 Years of Turkish (720 - 2010)
519:
475:, founded by Uyghur refugees following the collapse of the
2226:
Martinez A.P. 1982 "Gardīzī’s two chapters on the Turks".
259:
The name "Tatar" was possibly first transliterated in the
1928:]. Translated by V. F. Minorsky. London: Luzac &
2232:"Kimäk and Chù-mù-kūn (处木昆): Notes on an Identification"
1996:
Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources
371:
359:
230:
2217:
Volume 58 (2), (2005). pp. 149-151, 158, 160 of 149–169
2200:"冬則徙度漠南，夏則還居漠北。"In winter moved southwards across the
1707:
vol. 266, the fifth month of 907: "及阿保機為王, 尤雄勇, 五姓奚及七姓
788:
in the 12th century. From the 10th to 13th centuries,
403:
2366:(10) (Золотоордынская Цивилизация ed.): 92–95.
2204:; in summer returned to dwell north of the desert."
1879:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples
1527:
1525:
1458:, compiled about a hundred years after the original
1201:"Classification of Old Turkic loanwords in Mongolic"
1900:Золото Чингисидов: культурное наследие Золотой Орды
1648:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
698:mountain range where they renamed themselves after
243:) was one of the five major tribal confederations (
2503:; as for tribes separated and living scattered at
871:; consequently, in 1202, Genghis Khan allied with
434:proposes that Tatars were possibly related to the
2086:
1575:It is not known which language the Xiongnu spoke.
1534:Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan
1522:
3618:
2414:
2412:
2245:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
2230:, vol. II: 120-121 cited in Tishin V.V. (2018).
1233:
365:
353:
3052:
2531:Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2357:
2169:
2114:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1377:
1375:
1373:
80:Tatar and their neighbours in the 13th century
3395:
2615:
2409:
2082:
2080:
1748:
1167:
1165:
1163:
877:had Tatar men taller than a linchpin executed
2360:"Историческая судьба татар Центральной Азии"
2154:
1981:Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature
1892:
1794:
1031:Golden (2006:42) proposes that Basmïls were
748:river basin, where they later organized the
428:or Kyzlasov apud Sadur 2012). Additionally,
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2528:
2215:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung.
2110:
2108:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1864:
1552:
1550:
1544:, University of Helsinki, 2005. pp. 179–180
1479:
1370:
3402:
3388:
2622:
2608:
2087:Кляшторный, С. Г.; Савинов, Д. Г. (2005).
2077:
1936:quote (p. 94): "The Tātār too are a race (
1386:The Steppe Lands and the World beyond Them
1194:
1192:
1160:
74:
2581:
2351:
2344:International Journal of Eurasian Studies
1384:"Some Notes on the Avars and Rouran", in
1350:
1348:
1346:
1332:
1330:
981:who founded, in the late 8th cenrtury, a
2550:
2105:
1999:. Indiana University Press. p. 71.
1992:
1951:"The Turkic World in Maḥmûd al Kâshgarî"
1905:
1547:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1198:
669:
309:traced the Rouran's origins back to the
2519:(2001). pp. 53-54, 57, 61, 111-135, 205
2364:Zolotoordynskai︠a︡ T︠s︡ivilizat︠s︡ii︠a︡
1993:Levi, Scott Cameron; Sela, Ron (2010).
1955:Bonn Contributions to Asian Archaeology
1824:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1683:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1189:
14:
3619:
1979:in collaboration with James Kelly. In
1829:. Элиста: КИГИ РАН. pp. 159–161.
1684:Thomsen, Vilhelm Ludvig Peter (1896).
1429:
1343:
1327:
962:
863:and also treacherously poisoned chief
796:or White Tatars branch of the Tatars.
379:In historiography, the Proto-Mongolic
3383:
2603:
2468:, and identified as Tungus speakers."
2422:Ed. Tang, Winkler. (2013) pp. 237–252
1971:
1969:
1967:
1753:. Улан-Удэ: БНЦ СО РАН. p. 228.
1565:(1–2). Harrassowitz Verlag: 101–132.
1265:
882:
2629:
1813:
1687:Inscriptions de l'Orkhon déchiffrées
1495:. Cambridge University Press: 1–27.
1305:
816:-ruled China: the White Tatars (白韃靼
510:. He located the Tatars west of the
366:
354:
223:
53:
3632:Former countries in Chinese history
2583:10.22378/2313-6197.2019-7-3.545-567
2563:
2034:, Cambridge University Press. p. 98
1556:
1088:Genghis himself took Tatar sisters
624:
24:
1964:
1338:Early Mystic in Turkish Literature
706:tribal complex and emerged as 大室韋
404:Ethnic and linguistic affiliations
393:"thirty" denoted thirty clans and
364:, 'Thirty Tatar clan' and
329:as well as Para-Mongolic-speaking
254:
25:
3663:
1632:"The Kultegin's Memorial Complex"
1455:History of the Northern Dynasties
1107:the Secret History of the Mongols
1105:Pow lists four official sources:
845:The Secret History of the Mongols
479:, whose founders belonged to the
299:connected Rourans to the earlier
3409:
1902:Санкт-Петербург: Славия. p. 11."
3491:Related ethnic groups and clans
2541:
2522:
2510:
2471:
2454:
2425:
2389:
2378:from the original on 2021-04-14
2325:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2273:
2256:"Moghon Shine Usu Inscription"
2250:
2237:
2220:
2207:
2181:
2143:from the original on 2020-11-12
2089:Степные империи древней Евразии
2061:
2037:
2024:
2013:from the original on 2023-04-18
1986:
1943:
1889:. Wiesbaden: Otto-Harrassowitz.
1797:Происхождение калмыцкого народа
1788:
1742:
1733:
1698:
1606:
1580:
1473:
1407:
1290:from the original on 2020-05-05
1211:from the original on 2023-04-18
1140:
1099:
1082:
1073:
1051:
1042:
1025:
1016:
971:
530:, God's blessings be upon them.
448:Soviet and Russian orientalist
1571:10.13173/centasiaj.59.1-2.0101
1480:Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (2000).
1228:in the Old Turkic inscriptions
937:
784:and occupied a trade route to
215:
13:
1:
2507:, called themselves Tatars."
2495:. Originally they dwelt the
2058:14 (2004): pp. 38–42 of 35–56
1280:"Tatar | people | Britannica"
1153:
599:. The last one is closest to
498:Writing in the 11th century,
2228:Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
2121:Тюркологические исследования
2069:Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
1062:also mentioned the Tungusic
875:, conquered the Tatars, and
824:), and the Wild Tatars (生韃靼
372:
360:
231:
7:
1983:. Part I. (1982). pp. 82–83
1898:Крамаровский М. Г. (2001).
957:Kimek-Kipchak confederation
923:Turkic-speaking peoples of
10:
3668:
2529:Weatherford, Jack (2004).
2056:Türk Dilteri Araştrımaları
1173:"The Kultegin inscription"
665:
619:(the last one rendered as
506:included Tatars among the
29:
3602:
3547:
3490:
3417:
3361:
3267:
3237:
3129:
3009:
3002:
2853:
2744:
2637:
2331:Klyashtorny, S.G. (1997)
1877:Golden, Peter B. (1992).
1663:10.1017/S0041977X00090558
1501:10.1017/S0362502800004259
1322:Тюрки, татары, мусульмане
1199:Rybatzki, Volker (2011).
918:
903:). Pow proposes that the
820:), the Black Tatars (黑韃靼
190:
186:
176:
166:
162:
152:
142:
132:
122:
112:
98:
85:
73:
68:
42:
3604:Origin is controversial.
1926:The Regions of the World
1730:tribes were subdued ..."
1248:Theobald, Ulrich (2012)
1115:Compendium of Chronicles
1066:background of Tatars in
989:'s lower reaches to the
930:
840:speakers, respectively.
674:Mongol victory over the
2399:, Ankara, 2002, p. 98,
2358:Ушницкий В. В. (2017).
2281:Central Asiatic Journal
2115:Ушницкий В. В. (2019).
1559:Central Asiatic Journal
1005:with Eastern Tianshan,
431:Encyclopedia Britannica
425:Encyclopedia Britannica
415:, and Ulrich Theobald,
2030:Biran, Michal (2005),
1749:Раднаев В. Э. (2012).
856:to be executed by the
804:wrote in 1221 that in
679:
605:
532:
386:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
355:𐰆𐱃𐰔⁚𐱃𐱃𐰺⁚𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣
352:(CE 735) monuments as
178:• Disestablished
3642:Former confederations
2564:Pow, Stephen (2019).
2464:and ancestors of the
2125:Turcological Research
1795:Авляев Г. О. (2002).
673:
533:
516:
420:Peter Benjamin Golden
251:in the 12th century.
99:Common languages
30:Further information:
3652:Tribal confederacies
1940:) of the Toghuzghuz"
1657:(4, 1930): 861–876.
344:, specifically, the
3425:Tatar confederation
2570:Golden Horde Review
1123:Shengwu qinzheng lu
730:Kimek confederation
651:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
471:kingdom in eastern
342:Orkhon inscriptions
208:Tatar confederation
168:• Established
3365:Donghu and Xianbei
2721:Mongolian nobility
2672:Slab Grave culture
2547:Onon (2001). p. 16
2487:2021-09-21 at the
2442:2020-10-17 at the
2338:2022-02-06 at the
2263:2021-04-26 at the
2196:2020-06-11 at the
2050:2022-01-18 at the
1852:Unknown parameter
1776:Unknown parameter
1540:2020-06-06 at the
1444:2020-06-11 at the
1422:2018-11-22 at the
1363:2020-06-06 at the
1284:www.britannica.com
1255:2021-03-03 at the
1178:2022-06-30 at the
985:spanning from the
913:Great Mongol State
883:Tatars and Mongols
724:Persian historian
680:
504:Mahmud al-Kashgari
3647:Former monarchies
3609:
3608:
3477:Astrakhan Khanate
3377:
3376:
3357:
3356:
3125:
3124:
2652:Mongolian Plateau
2006:978-0-253-35385-6
1836:978-5-903833-93-1
1760:978-5-7925-0357-1
1638:on 9 October 2011
1620:on 7 January 2014
1594:on 7 January 2014
1320:Sadur Valiahmet:
1261:ChinaKnowledge.de
1250:"Dada 韃靼, Tatars"
905:Mongolic-speaking
708:Da (Great) Shiwei
249:Mongolian Plateau
229:
204:
203:
127:Elective monarchy
16:(Redirected from
3659:
3457:Chagatai Khanate
3404:
3397:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3054:Southern Mongols
3050:
3049:
3007:
3006:
2657:Mongol heartland
2631:Mongolic peoples
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2586:. Archived from
2585:
2561:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2475:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2407:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2355:
2349:
2329:
2323:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2277:
2271:
2254:
2248:
2241:
2235:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2177:. Москва: Наука.
2167:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2084:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2043:Schönig, Klaus,
2041:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
1990:
1984:
1973:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1916:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1875:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1825:Очир А. (2016).
1822:
1811:
1810:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1682:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1634:. Archived from
1629:
1627:
1625:
1616:. Archived from
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1590:. Archived from
1584:
1578:
1577:
1554:
1545:
1531:Xu, Elina-Qian,
1529:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1511:. Archived from
1486:
1477:
1471:
1433:
1427:
1411:
1405:
1382:Golden, Peter B.
1379:
1368:
1352:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1324:, 2012, page 250
1318:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1276:
1263:
1246:
1231:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1196:
1187:
1169:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1103:
1097:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1014:
975:
969:
966:
960:
947:and east of the
941:
626:
477:Uyghur Khaganate
458:
375:
369:
368:
363:
361:Otuz Tatar Bodun
357:
356:
242:
234:
228:romanized:
227:
225:
217:
157:High Middle Ages
78:
69:8th century–1202
63:
55:
40:
39:
21:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3598:
3543:
3486:
3472:Crimean Khanate
3413:
3408:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3353:
3333:Sichuan Mongols
3263:
3233:
3139:Altai Uriankhai
3121:
3048:
2998:
2855:Medieval tribes
2849:
2740:
2726:Writing systems
2694:Medieval tribes
2633:
2628:
2598:
2597:
2562:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2489:Wayback Machine
2476:
2472:
2459:
2455:
2448:Wild Goose Pass
2444:Wayback Machine
2432:History of Yuan
2430:
2426:
2417:
2410:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2379:
2356:
2352:
2340:Wayback Machine
2330:
2326:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2265:Wayback Machine
2255:
2251:
2247:Akadémiai Kiadó
2242:
2238:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2208:
2198:Wayback Machine
2186:
2182:
2168:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2085:
2078:
2066:
2062:
2052:Wayback Machine
2042:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1974:
1965:
1948:
1944:
1930:
1929:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1876:
1865:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1793:
1789:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1703:
1699:
1641:
1639:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1555:
1548:
1542:Wayback Machine
1530:
1523:
1515:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1446:Wayback Machine
1434:
1430:
1424:Wayback Machine
1412:
1408:
1380:
1371:
1365:Wayback Machine
1353:
1344:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1306:
1293:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1257:Wayback Machine
1247:
1234:
1214:
1212:
1207:. p. 186.
1197:
1190:
1180:Wayback Machine
1170:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1119:History of Yuan
1104:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
976:
972:
967:
963:
942:
938:
933:
921:
885:
696:Greater Khingan
668:
452:
450:Leonid Kyzlasov
406:
257:
255:Name and origin
240:
197:
179:
169:
81:
64:
61:
56:
47:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3665:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3637:Mongol peoples
3634:
3629:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3584:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Timurid Empire
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3440:Kazakh Khanate
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3077:Eastern Dorbet
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2731:Soyombo symbol
2728:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2704:Nomadic empire
2701:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2687:Proto-Mongolic
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2590:on 2021-07-20.
2576:(3): 545–567.
2549:
2540:
2521:
2509:
2470:
2453:
2424:
2408:
2388:
2350:
2324:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2287:(1). pp. 77-90
2272:
2249:
2236:
2219:
2206:
2180:
2171:Бартольд В. В.
2153:
2104:
2097:
2076:
2060:
2036:
2023:
2005:
1985:
1977:Robert Dankoff
1963:
1961:, p. 505 - 555
1949:Golden, P. B.
1942:
1904:
1891:
1863:
1835:
1812:
1805:
1787:
1759:
1741:
1732:
1705:Zizhi Tongjian
1697:
1605:
1579:
1546:
1521:
1518:on 2017-11-18.
1472:
1428:
1406:
1392:as rendering *
1369:
1342:
1326:
1304:
1264:
1232:
1188:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1139:
1098:
1081:
1072:
1050:
1041:
1024:
1015:
970:
961:
935:
934:
932:
929:
920:
917:
889:Mongol cavalry
884:
881:
755:Josef Markwart
719:Vasily Bartold
667:
664:
508:Turkic peoples
405:
402:
315:Proto-Mongolic
313:, who were of
256:
253:
202:
201:
192:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
154:
153:Historical era
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
136:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
100:
96:
95:
87:
83:
82:
79:
71:
70:
66:
65:
48:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3664:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Mongol states
3625:
3624:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3529:Mughal people
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3482:Kazan Khanate
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:Mughal Empire
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:Uzbek Khanate
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3327:Yunnan Mongol
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Upper Mongols
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:Ethnic groups
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Khamag Mongol
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2746:Proto-Mongols
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Mongol Empire
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:Ordos culture
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2544:
2537:. p. 51.
2536:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2505:Yin Mountains
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2406:
2405:975-6782-56-0
2402:
2398:
2392:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2216:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2098:5-8465-0246-6
2094:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1921:Ḥudūd al'Ālam
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1854:|agency=
1846:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1806:5-7539-0464-5
1802:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1778:|agency=
1770:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1637:
1633:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1340:, p. 147-148
1339:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1301:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:Rashid al-Din
1108:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1076:
1069:
1068:Yin Mountains
1065:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:nomadic state
980:
974:
965:
958:
954:
950:
946:
940:
936:
928:
926:
916:
914:
910:
909:Mongol Empire
906:
902:
899:or even Khan
898:
892:
890:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
850:Khamag Mongol
847:
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:Mongol empire
807:
803:
799:
798:Southern Song
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
677:
672:
663:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:Claus Schönig
640:
636:
635:
630:
622:
618:
614:
610:
604:
602:
598:
597:
592:
591:
586:
585:
580:
579:
574:
573:
568:
567:
562:
561:
556:
555:
550:
549:
544:
543:
538:
531:
529:
525:
521:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:Hudud al-Alam
456:
451:
446:
443:
441:
437:
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
418:
414:
411:
401:
398:
396:
392:
387:
382:
377:
374:
367:𐱃𐰸𐰔⁚𐱃𐱃𐰺
362:
351:
348:(CE 732) and
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
318:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
297:
296:Book of Liang
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:
252:
250:
246:
238:
237:Middle Mongol
233:
221:
213:
209:
200:
196:
193:
191:Today part of
189:
185:
181:
175:
171:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
93:confederation
91:
88:
84:
77:
72:
67:
59:
58:Middle Mongol
51:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3614:
3611:
3587:
3534:Aimaq people
3450:Budjak Horde
3430:Golden Horde
3424:
3411:Turco-Mongol
3369:Turco-Mongol
3326:
2983:
2714:Turco-Mongol
2699:Modern clans
2588:the original
2573:
2569:
2543:
2535:Random House
2530:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2478:Xin Wudaishi
2477:
2473:
2456:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2396:
2391:
2380:. Retrieved
2363:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2145:. Retrieved
2128:
2124:
2120:
2088:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2015:. Retrieved
1995:
1988:
1980:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1937:
1925:
1920:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1826:
1796:
1790:
1750:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1686:
1654:
1650:
1640:. Retrieved
1636:the original
1622:. Retrieved
1618:the original
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:the original
1582:
1574:
1562:
1558:
1533:
1513:the original
1492:
1488:
1475:
1463:
1462:strata. See
1459:
1453:
1449:
1435:
1431:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1354:
1337:
1298:
1292:. Retrieved
1283:
1260:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1213:. Retrieved
1204:
1183:
1171:Note 144 on
1142:
1101:
1084:
1075:
1059:Xin Wudaishi
1057:
1053:
1044:
1037:Oghur Turkic
1027:
1018:
1006:
1002:
995:Chīnānjikath
994:
973:
964:
939:
922:
893:
886:
869:Genghis Khan
867:, father of
843:
842:
825:
821:
817:
806:Genghis Khan
790:Shatuo Turks
786:China proper
766:Liao dynasty
759:
723:
712:
707:
692:Ashina tribe
681:
660:
632:
606:
594:
589:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
539:. First is:
534:
517:
497:
492:
488:
484:
463:stated that
447:
444:
429:
423:
413:Paul Pelliot
407:
399:
394:
390:
378:
350:Bilge Khagan
339:
319:
304:
294:
291:Book of Song
290:
282:
278:
274:
266:
262:Book of Song
260:
258:
244:
207:
205:
3445:Nogai Horde
3214:Sart Kalmyk
2964:Qara Khitai
2269:Türik Bitig
2234:pp. 107-108
2131:(1): 5–12.
1883:Turcologica
1489:Early China
1464:Book of Wei
1460:Book of Wei
1450:Book of Wei
1226:Toquz Tatar
1184:Türik Bitig
991:Caspian Sea
979:Oghuz Turks
953:Tatar tribe
861:Jin dynasty
832:(of Turkic
814:Jurchen Jin
800:ambassador
774:Jin dynasty
684:Gobi desert
611:, Khitans,
500:Kara-Khanid
481:Toquz Oghuz
453: [
417:turkologist
410:sinologists
373:Tuquz Tatar
306:Book of Wei
172:8th century
143:Legislature
46:Nine Tatars
18:Tatar tribe
3621:Categories
3594:Tug banner
3363:See also:
3338:Sogwo Arig
2437:"Vol. 118"
2382:2021-04-14
2147:2021-04-14
2017:2021-05-04
1881:. Series:
1402:Otuz Tatar
1294:2023-04-22
1222:Otuz Tatar
1215:2020-09-03
1154:References
1131:Yuan China
1129:courts of
1011:Besh Balïq
826:Sheng Dada
778:Hulun Nuur
629:Karakhanid
303:while the
220:Old Turkic
123:Government
50:Old Turkic
3573:Ergenekon
3291:Dongxiang
3039:Khotogoid
3024:Dariganga
2994:Uriankhai
2969:Qara'unas
2928:Khongirad
2682:Languages
2450:'s Shatuo
2397:The Turks
2372:2308-1856
2316:The Turks
2137:2619-1229
1856:ignored (
1845:cite book
1780:ignored (
1769:cite book
1679:140199091
1470:, note 1.
1135:Ilkhanate
1096:as wives.
1039:language.
1007:Panjīkath
987:Syr Darya
802:Zhao Hong
782:Buir Nuur
734:Bayanchur
688:Khaganate
526:, son of
522:, son of
346:Kul Tigin
277:) and 檀檀
247:) in the
113:Religion
3565:Tengrism
3555:Kurultai
3504:Keraites
3252:Hamnigan
3229:Zakhchin
3117:Üzemchin
3087:Khorchin
3082:Kharchin
2979:Taichiud
2953:Olkhonud
2888:Borjigin
2736:Religion
2647:Timeline
2485:Archived
2440:Archived
2376:Archived
2336:Archived
2322:, p. 662
2261:Archived
2194:Archived
2191:vol. 103
2173:(1968).
2141:Archived
2048:Archived
2011:Archived
1719:and the
1538:Archived
1509:23354272
1468:vol. 103
1442:Archived
1439:vol. 103
1420:Archived
1414:Liangshu
1361:Archived
1300:peoples.
1288:Archived
1253:Archived
1209:Archived
1176:Archived
1133:and the
999:Gaochang
873:Ong Khan
865:Yesukhei
854:Ambaghai
852:'s khan
838:Tungusic
822:Hei Dada
818:Bai Dada
750:Kipchaks
639:Kyrgyzes
593:, then:
587:, then:
584:Yaba'quw
581:, then:
575:, then:
569:, then:
566:Bashgirt
563:, then:
557:, then:
551:, then:
545:, then:
512:Kyrgyzes
502:scholar
473:Tianshan
440:Kipchaks
323:Göktürks
317:origin.
195:Mongolia
147:Kurultai
117:Tengrism
103:Mongolic
3548:Culture
3539:Hazaras
3514:Naimans
3318:Monguor
3302:Kangjia
3239:Buryats
3219:Torghut
3204:Myangad
3180:Khoshut
3170:Dzungar
3154:Chantuu
3044:Sartuul
3034:Khalkha
3029:Eljigin
3019:Darkhad
3011:Mongols
2933:Manghud
2918:Katagan
2903:Eljigin
2898:Dughlat
2827:Didouyu
2802:Tuyuhun
2792:Kumo Xi
2775:Yujiulü
2759:Xianbei
2639:History
2482:vol. 74
2466:Jurchen
2127:].
2074:. p. 42
1934:. 1937.
1642:5 April
1624:5 April
1598:5 April
1417:vol. 54
1358:vol. 95
1355:Songshu
1094:Yesugen
955:of the
925:Cumania
858:Jurchen
770:Jurchen
742:Karluks
738:Khitans
726:Gardizi
666:History
617:Chinese
613:Tanguts
609:Kumo Xi
548:Qifja'q
542:Bajanak
528:Abraham
335:Khitans
331:Kumo Xi
301:Xiongnu
287:Rourans
283:dan-dan
245:khanlig
212:Chinese
90:Nomadic
36:Tartary
3569:Tengri
3519:Merkit
3509:Barlas
3418:States
3323:Khatso
3313:Moghol
3307:Mughal
3296:Hazara
3197:Buzava
3195:incl.
3191:Kalmyk
3185:Khoton
3165:Dörbet
3160:Choros
3144:Baatud
3131:Oirats
3097:Naiman
3092:Jaruud
3072:Chahar
3067:Baarin
2943:Naiman
2938:Merkit
2923:Kerait
2913:Jalair
2908:Gorlos
2893:Chonos
2878:Barlas
2868:Baarin
2836:incl.
2832:Khitan
2822:Shiwei
2797:Murong
2773:incl.
2769:Rouran
2764:Wuhuan
2754:Donghu
2667:Rulers
2662:States
2501:Balhae
2462:Sushen
2403:
2370:
2202:desert
2188:Weishu
2135:
2095:
2003:
1833:
1803:
1757:
1725:Shiwei
1721:Tartar
1717:Shiwei
1677:
1671:607024
1669:
1507:
1436:Weishu
1127:Toluid
1121:, and
1033:Oghurs
1013:, etc.
1003:Ṭafqān
949:Yabaku
945:Kyrgyz
919:Legacy
901:Ögedei
897:Muqali
834:Shatuo
830:Öngüds
762:Khitan
746:Irtysh
715:Otuken
704:Shiwei
700:Tantan
678:, 1196
676:Tatars
647:Turkic
634:Tawğaç
625:Tawġāj
621:Arabic
615:, and
596:Qirqiz
590:Tata'r
572:Yasmil
465:Tatars
436:Cumans
381:Shiwei
311:Donghu
281:(MC: *
279:Tántán
275:da-dan
265:as 大檀
224:𐱃𐱃𐰺
214::
138:
107:Turkic
86:Status
54:𐱃𐱃𐰺
32:Tatars
3581:Erlik
3577:Ülgen
3560:Kumis
3524:Ongud
3498:Avars
3349:Yugur
3343:Tuvan
3281:Bonan
3275:Aimaq
3268:Other
3258:Soyot
3247:Barga
3175:Khoid
3149:Bayad
3107:Tumed
3102:Ordos
2989:Tumed
2984:Tatar
2974:Sunud
2958:Ongud
2948:Oirat
2883:Bayad
2873:Barga
2807:Tuoba
2787:Yuwen
2123:[
1938:jinsī
1924:[
1675:S2CID
1667:JSTOR
1516:(PDF)
1505:JSTOR
1485:(PDF)
1398:tatar
1394:dadar
1390:Datan
1090:Yesui
1009:with
997:with
931:Notes
794:Ongud
772:-led
764:-led
627:<
560:Yam'k
524:Isaac
489:Dadan
485:Datan
469:Qocho
457:]
395:Toquz
327:Tiele
267:Dàtán
241:ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠷ
232:Tatar
199:China
134:chief
62:ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠷ
44:Tatar
3588:Deel
3286:Daur
3209:Olot
3112:Urad
3062:Asud
2845:Zubu
2838:Yelü
2817:Tufa
2812:Qifu
2782:Duan
2493:Mohe
2401:ISBN
2368:ISSN
2258:text
2133:ISSN
2093:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1858:help
1831:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1782:help
1755:ISBN
1728:Dada
1644:2014
1626:2014
1600:2014
1092:and
1064:Mohe
780:and
713:The
655:Qays
578:Qa'y
554:Uguz
520:Esau
493:Dada
438:and
391:Otuz
333:and
325:and
293:and
206:The
182:1202
34:and
2578:doi
2342:in
2267:at
1692:140
1659:doi
1567:doi
1497:doi
1259:in
1224:or
1182:in
1113:’s
808:'s
740:or
601:Sin
537:Rūm
273:: *
216:塔塔兒
3623::
3579:,
3575:,
3571:,
3367:·
3345:**
3309:**
3298:**
3277:**
2572:.
2568:.
2552:^
2533:.
2497:Xi
2480:,
2435:,
2411:^
2374:.
2362:.
2318:,
2285:47
2283:.
2156:^
2139:.
2119:.
2107:^
2079:^
2072:15
2054:,
2009:.
1966:^
1957:,
1953:,
1931:CO
1907:^
1887:IX
1885:,
1866:^
1849::
1847:}}
1843:{{
1815:^
1773::
1771:}}
1767:{{
1713:韃靼
1711:,
1709:室韋
1673:.
1665:.
1653:.
1573:.
1563:59
1561:.
1549:^
1524:^
1503:.
1493:25
1491:.
1487:.
1466:,
1396:/*
1372:^
1345:^
1329:^
1307:^
1297:.
1286:.
1282:.
1267:^
1235:^
1218:.
1191:^
1162:^
1117:,
1109:,
1001:,
710:.
623::
514:.
491:~
487:~
455:ru
442:.
370:,
358:,
337:.
289:;
271:MC
239::
235:;
226:,
222::
218:;
105:,
60::
52::
3583:)
3567:(
3500:*
3403:e
3396:t
3389:v
3329:)
3325:(
3260:*
3254:*
3187:*
3156:*
2960:*
2623:e
2616:t
2609:v
2580::
2574:7
2385:.
2347:2
2320:I
2150:.
2129:2
2101:.
2020:.
1959:7
1860:)
1839:.
1809:.
1784:)
1763:.
1694:.
1681:.
1661::
1655:5
1646:.
1628:.
1602:.
1569::
1499::
1070:.
959:.
631:*
269:(
210:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
