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Tabun (nerve agent)

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235: 848:), in 1939. Run by Anorgana GmbH, the plant began production of the substance in 1942. The reason for the delay was the extreme precautions used by the plant. Intermediate products of tabun were corrosive, and had to be contained in quartz or silver-lined vessels. Tabun itself was also highly toxic, and final reactions were conducted behind double glass walls. Large scale manufacturing of the agent resulted in problems with tabun's degradation over time, and only around 12,500 tons of material were manufactured before the plant was seized by the 24: 653:, code-named "Hochwerk", at least 12,000 metric tons of this agent were manufactured between 1942 and 1945. The manufacturing process consisted of two steps (see below); after the reactions, the mixture (consisting of ~75% solvent, ~25% desired product, plus insoluble salts and reactants) was filtered and vacuum-distilled. This yielded a technical product consisting either of 95% or 80% tabun (then known as Tabun A or B, respectively, the second a product later in the war). 467: 463: 658: 524: 33: 720:. Tabun is toxic even in minute doses. The number and severity of symptoms which appear vary according to the amount of the agent absorbed and rate of entry of it into the body. Very small skin dosages sometimes cause local sweating and tremors accompanied with characteristically constricted pupils with few other effects. Tabun is about half as toxic as 468: 731:
The effects of tabun appear slowly when tabun is absorbed through the skin rather than inhaled. A victim may absorb a lethal dose quickly, although death may be delayed for one to two hours. A person's clothing can release the toxic chemical for up to 30 minutes after exposure. Inhaled lethal dosages
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family. It is not present in nature. At room temperature, the pure compound presents itself as a clear and viscous liquid. However, impurities imparted during its manufacture are almost always present in some amount, turning it into a yellow or brown liquid. Exposed to environs, it slowly volatizes
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The lethal dose for a man is about .01 mg/kg. The median lethal dose for respiration is 400 mg-minute/m3 for humans. Respiratory lethal doses can kill anytime from 1-10 minutes. When the liquid enters the eye, it also can kill just as quickly. When absorbed via the skin, death may occur in 1-2
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GA; Ethyl dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate; Dimethylaminoethoxy-cyanophosphine oxide; Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphoryl cyanide; Ethyl dimethylaminocyanophosphonate; Ethyl ester of dimethylphosphoroamidocyanidic acid; Ethyl phosphorodimethylamidocyanidate; Cyanodimethylaminoethoxyphosphine oxide;
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since 1997. As a Schedule 1 Toxic Chemical, the synthesis of more than 100 grams of the substance per year must be declared to the organization, and no signing nation can possess more than 1 ton of the chemical. Modern usage of Tabun is limited to research purposes in minute amounts.
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the enzyme, Tabun accomplishes a constant and involuntary contraction of the affected muscles, as the acetylcholine is not recycled and continues to build up within the cleft. Death of the organism ensues when respiratory muscles, such as the
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ventilation shaft. He said his efforts were frustrated by the impracticality of tabun and his lack of ready access to a replacement nerve agent, and also by the unexpected construction of a tall chimney that put the air intake out of reach.
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Since GA is much easier to produce than the other G-series weapons and the process is comparatively widely understood, countries that develop a nerve agent capability but lack advanced industrial facilities often start by producing GA.
856:, designated "Variant A". In the latter half of the war, the plant switched to "Variant B", an 80:20 mix of tabun and chlorobenzene designed for easier dispersion. The Soviets dismantled the plant and shipped it to 484: 4026: 1654:. Report of the OPCW on the Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction in 2015 (Report). p. 42 3921: 3986: 1507: 825:, a German chemical and pharmaceutical industry conglomerate, at Elberfeld. The substance he discovered, as well as being a potent insecticide, was enormously toxic to humans; hence, it was named 4036: 4021: 799: 4031: 3914: 3996: 3981: 4355: 4001: 2419: 4401: 2500: 3907: 469: 736:
kills almost as quickly. However, people who experience mild to moderate exposure to tabun can recover completely, if treated almost as soon as exposure occurs. The
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by inhalation, but in very low concentrations it is more irritating to the eyes than sarin. Tabun also breaks down slowly, which after repeated exposure can lead to
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by motor neurons. The presence of acetylcholine within the cleft signals the post-synaptic (downstream) motor neuron to contract the neuron's associated
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Tabun became the first nerve agent known after a property of this chemical was discovered by pure accident in late December 1936 by German researcher
4006: 5306: 4261: 4119: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 4271: 4228: 4179: 5640: 4656: 4233: 4099: 4214: 4114: 1032: 788:. However, Schall incorrectly identified the structure of the substance as an imidoether, and Michaelis corrected him in a 1903 article in 284: 1467: 1300: 5225: 4906: 4891: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4390: 4330: 4320: 4184: 4084: 762:(2-PAM Cl) also works as an antidote; however, it must be administered within minutes to a few hours following exposure to be effective. 4971: 4716: 4204: 1804: 940:. The worldwide stockpiles declared under the convention were 2 tonnes, and as of December 2015 these stockpiles had been destroyed. 1245:(in German) (ĂŒberarb. u. erg.  ed.). Berlin : MilitĂ€rverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (Military Publisher's of the 491: 5645: 5615: 4911: 1430:
Petroianu, Georg (2014). "Pharmacists Adolf Schall and Ernst Ratzlaff and the synthesis of tabun-like compounds: a brief history".
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Research into ethyl dialkylaminocyanophosphonate began in the late 19th century, In 1898, Adolph Schall, a graduate student at the
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Synthetische Gifte: Zur Chemie, Toxikologie und zu Problemen ihrer völkerrechtswidrigen Anwendung durch imperialistische Armeen
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Lohs, K. (1967). "3. Gifte, deren Wirkung sich hauptsÀchlich auf das Nervensystem bzw. auf lebenswichtige Enzyme erstreckt ".
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into the atmosphere, with the vapor having a slight fruity or almond-like odor. As the compound has a much higher
544: 3883: 2106: 5620: 4060: 3364: 3173: 2927: 427: 899:(GD). Large quantities of the German-manufactured agent were dumped into the sea to neutralize the substance. 4736: 3359: 2607: 1797: 477: 1782: 5584: 5323: 3937: 2959: 2505: 1533: 609: 192: 1013:"CBRNE - Nerve Agents, G-series - Tabun, Sarin, Soman: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology" 988:"CBRNE - Nerve Agents, G-series - Tabun, Sarin, Soman: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology" 840:, as part of the GrĂŒn 3 program, a plant for the manufacture of tabun was established at Dyhernfurth (now 136: 4531: 2741: 2685: 2679: 2601: 2576: 2470: 2033: 937: 616: 213: 3349: 5216: 5194: 3870: 3580: 3048: 2627: 2374: 1417: 1246: 1239:
Synthetic poisons: On the chemistry, toxicology and problems of their illegal use by imperialist armies
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Tabun was made on an industrial scale by Germany during World War II, based on a process developed by
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Treatment for suspected tabun poisoning is often three injections of a nerve agent antidote, such as
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The US once considered repurposing captured German stocks of tabun (GA) prior to production of
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Tabun can be deactivated chemically using common oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite.
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Highly toxic. Fires involving this chemical may result in the formation of
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Iraq employed quantities of chemical weapons against Iranian ground forces
786:Über die Einwirkung von Phosphoroxybromid auf secundĂ€re aliphatische Amine 784:, synthesised the diethylamino analog of tabun, as part of his PhD thesis 615:
The production and storage of Tabun has been strictly regulated under the
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Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (30 November 2016).
1443: 1301:"Chemical Warfare Weapons Fact Sheets â€” Tabun â€” GA Nerve Agent" 915: 849: 841: 818: 717: 697: 650: 596: 503: 5074: 476: 5558: 5554: 5286: 5276: 5271: 5184: 5159: 5119: 5114: 5104: 5089: 5030: 5025: 4836: 4696: 4681: 4651: 4626: 4601: 4556: 4551: 4541: 4511: 4481: 4345: 4335: 4280: 4275: 4246: 4223: 4189: 4154: 4139: 4104: 4079: 3933: 3761: 3756: 3736: 3731: 3716: 3711: 3624: 3619: 3595: 3419: 3404: 3399: 3344: 3339: 3021: 2902: 2861: 2855: 2839: 2822: 2816: 2783: 2775: 2716: 2510: 2282: 2188: 2177: 1999: 1993: 1766:
NBC: Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare on the Modern Battlefield
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The translations of chapter and book title here were editor-generated.
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
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United States Senate, 103d Congress, 2d Session. (May 25, 1994).
685: 673: 669: 657: 365: 168: 1722:], Berlin and Frankfurt am Main: PropylÀen/Ullstein Verlag, 1698: 1205:"Sodium Hypochlorite - Medical Countermeasures Database - CHEMM" 4826: 4616: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4174: 3948: 3832: 3495: 3490: 3278: 2424: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2066: 1868: 857: 845: 813:. Schrader was experimenting with a class of compounds called 677: 576: 127: 5204: 4926: 4916: 4766: 4661: 4011: 3776: 3691: 3650: 2937: 2341: 2336: 2326: 2165: 2148: 2101: 1572:"America's Fifteen-Year Struggle for Modern Chemical Weapons" 1017: 919: 896: 892: 884: 721: 713: 105: 4356:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
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Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
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kill in one to ten minutes, and liquid absorbed through the
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2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
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2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
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United States Central Intelligence Agency (Jul. 15, 1996)
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Dimethylaminoethodycyanophosphine oxide; EA-1205; TL-1578
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Material Safety Data Sheet—Lethal Nerve Agent Tabun (GA)
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governments, the Soviets soon abandoned tabun (GA) for
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Producing or stockpiling tabun was banned by the 1993
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InChI=1S/C5H11N2O2P/c1-4-9-10(8,5-6)7(2)3/h4H2,1-3H3
1536:. No. 94, 41. Chemical & Engingeering News 1508:"A Short History of the Development of Nerve Gases" 1021:. Pathophysiology. 2021-10-02 – via Medscape. 268:
InChI=1/C5H11N2O2P/c1-4-9-10(8,5-6)7(2)3/h4H2,1-3H3
3966: 5607: 958:– where the remaining US stockpile was destroyed 180: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1416:Emergency Response Safety and Health Database. 465: 91: 5311:Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above 1606: 914:. Although the most commonly used agents were 5251: 3915: 1798: 1752:Stability of Iraq's Chemical Weapon Stockpile 5590:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators 4047: 1639:. March 16, 1988 – via news.bbc.co.uk. 1489: 1107:"Tabun - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 875:in early 1945 by introducing tabun into the 392:247.5 Â°C (477.5 Â°F; 520.6 K) 5595:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators 5474:Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein 5387:Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter 5341: 1637:"1988: Thousands die in Halabja gas attack" 1569: 1295: 1293: 1226: 1224: 5443:Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 3922: 3908: 1805: 1791: 1180:"Chemical Weapons Convention - CWC_en.pdf" 1155:"Chemical Weapons Convention - CWC_en.pdf" 627: 233: 155: 1429: 200: 1534:"The Nazi origins of deadly nerve gases" 1290: 1221: 751:minutes, or it can take up to 2 hours. 747:) for tabun is about 400 mg-min/m. 563:) is an extremely toxic compound of the 4547:Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate 1357:, National Terror Alert Response System 1325: 1323: 1321: 1057:"Tabun (GA): Nerve Agent | NIOSH | CDC" 229: 5608: 2686:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro) 2680:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro) 1763: 1531: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1303:. Usmilitary.about.com. Archived from 1267: 1265: 663: 382:−50 Â°C (−58 Â°F; 223 K) 4737:Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh) 3987:2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium 3903: 2928:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) 1786: 1713: 1675: 1557: 712:, loss of bladder and bowel control, 640: 508:78 Â°C (172 Â°F; 351 K) 261:Key: PJVJTCIRVMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 135: 5641:German inventions of the Nazi period 1465:Chemical Warfare Weapons Fact Sheets 1318: 1230: 1051: 1049: 1007: 1005: 1003: 684:(runny nose), excessive salivation, 5534: 4037:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate 3017:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine 1609:"Facts About the Nerve Agent Tabun" 1391: 1341: 1262: 1080: 649:. In the chemical agent factory in 271:Key: PJVJTCIRVMBVIA-UHFFFAOYAG 171: 13: 2633:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride 1737: 804:dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride 668:The symptoms of exposure include: 599:, and vice versa. By irreversibly 575:It is a potent inhibitor of a key 461: 337: 14: 5657: 3971:Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase 2648:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride 2638:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide 1581:(Jan.–Jun): 42–44. Archived from 1532:Everts, Sarah (17 October 2016). 1046: 1000: 800:diethylamidophosphoric dichloride 5031:Fasciculins (green mamba toxins) 4522:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate 2476:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate 1919:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 1607:ABC News Staff (April 7, 2003). 929:Tabun was also used in the 1988 688:(difficulty in breathing due to 656: 522: 325: 319: 31: 22: 5646:German chemical weapons program 5616:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 4962:Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) 4687:Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP) 3884:List of chemical warfare agents 2107:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride 1669: 1643: 1629: 1600: 1563: 1525: 1477: 1458: 1423: 1410: 1385: 1370:. Atsdr.cdc.gov. Archived from 1360: 1331:"Tabun | Encyclopedia.com" 1197: 1033:"NRT CBRN Tabun 2022 07 26.pdf" 518:(at 25 Â°C , 100 kPa). 61:-Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate 4032:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate 1484:Chemical Weapons: Nerve Agents 1172: 1147: 1123: 1099: 1074: 1025: 980: 428:Occupational safety and health 331: 313: 1: 5585:Receptor/signaling modulators 5357:Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine) 5256:Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase 1275:. Cbwinfo.com. Archived from 974: 4052:Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase 2960:Trimethylolpropane phosphite 2506:Neopentylene fluorophosphate 1768:. Brassey's UK. p. 20. 1510:. Noblis.org. Archived from 833:) for its intended purpose. 680:(contraction of the pupil), 632: 619:and its implementing agency 7: 5346:Tooltip Choline transporter 5292:Profenamine (ethopropazine) 4532:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate 3997:4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine 3982:1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium 2742:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol 2602:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol 2471:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate 943: 938:Chemical Weapons Convention 617:Chemical Weapons Convention 10: 5662: 5195:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride 4002:Acetylseco hemicholinium-3 3581:Hexamethylene diisocyanate 3049:Phenylcarbylamine chloride 2375:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride 1712:(Original German edition: 1486:, University of Washington 1247:German Democratic Republic 772:Nerve agent § History 769: 765: 360:Colorless to brown liquid 5577: 5523: 5427: 5410: 5380: 5339: 5322: 5249: 4045: 3964: 3947: 3879: 3839:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate 3820: 3684: 3633: 3594: 3458: 3235: 3182: 3044:Perchloromethyl mercaptan 2973: 2774: 2549: 2463: 2455:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10) 2365: 2312: 2296: 2223: 2133: 2124: 2094: 2075: 2042: 2008: 1961: 1952: 1837: 1747:. Retrieved Nov. 6, 2004. 1438:(October 2014): 780–784. 512: 425: 420: 300: 280: 245: 75: 66: 44: 39: 30: 21: 5065:Methanesulfonyl fluoride 3556:Chloroacetophenone oxime 3541:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone 3149:Trifluoroacetyl chloride 3059:Tetrachlorodinitroethane 2706:Phosphorus pentachloride 2531:Methanesulfonyl fluoride 1398:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1087:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 4242:+glycopyrronium bromide 3835:(variants and mixtures) 3104:Trichloronitrosomethane 3099:Trifluoronitrosomethane 2674:Methyldichlorophosphine 1418:TABUN (GA): Nerve Agent 931:Halabja chemical attack 651:Dyhernfurth an der Oder 628:Chemistry and Synthesis 3992:3-Chloro-4-stillbazole 3634:Cornea-clouding agents 3129:Phosphorus trichloride 2711:Phosphorus trichloride 2445:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843) 1899:Phosphorus trifluoride 1714:Speer, Albert (1969), 1681:Inside the Third Reich 956:Deseret Chemical Depot 559:(military designation 472: 5621:G-series nerve agents 3028:Disulfur decafluoride 2829:Chlorophenylsilatrane 2737:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 1764:Norris, John (1997). 1111:www.sciencedirect.com 887:(GB). Like the other 778:University of Rostock 770:Further information: 702:loss of consciousness 471: 406:7.2 g/100 g at 20 °C 404:9.8 g/100 g at 25 °C 5553:Atracotoxins (e.g., 5180:Tetrahydrocannabinol 4527:Diisopropylphosphate 3828:Methyl fluoroacetate 3656:Methyl cyanoacrylate 3576:Allyl isothiocyanate 3164:Uranium hexafluoride 3119:Dinitrogen tetroxide 3064:Chlorine trifluoride 2112:Selenium oxychloride 1982:Phenyldichloroarsine 1976:Methyldichloroarsine 1914:Nickel tetracarbonyl 1579:Army Chemical Review 1570:Kirby, Reid (2006). 1444:10.1691/ph.2014.4028 1335:www.encyclopedia.com 962:Operation Sandcastle 760:Pralidoxime chloride 726:build up in the body 581:acetylcholinesterase 454:(fire diamond) 372:1.102 g/cm at 20 °C 370:1.0887 g/cm at 25 °C 5539:Tooltip Latrophilin 5241:Trimedoxime bromide 5170:Stercuronium iodide 4987:Tricresyl phosphate 4462:Chlorpyrifos-methyl 3521:Bromobenzyl cyanide 3289:Dimethylheptylpyran 3217:Diphenylcyanoarsine 3212:Diphenylchlorarsine 3144:Methyl vinyl ketone 3069:Perchloryl fluoride 2933:Bicyclic phosphates 2752:Trimethyl phosphite 2701:Phosphoryl chloride 1970:Ethyldichloroarsine 1944:Chloral cyanohydrin 1934:Acetone cyanohydrin 1904:Methyl cyanoformate 690:bronchoconstriction 664:Effects of exposure 399:Solubility in water 352: g·mol 18: 5058:Onchidella binneyi 4400:Organophosphates: 3889:CB military symbol 3747:Enterotoxin type B 3702:Cyclopiazonic acid 3661:N-Methylmorpholine 3561:Ethyl bromoacetate 3039:Ethyl bromoacetate 3006:Perfluoroisobutene 2747:Triethyl phosphite 2018:Levinstein mustard 1909:Iron pentacarbonyl 1757:2011-04-28 at the 1560:, pp. 430–31. 1470:2016-03-03 at the 738:median lethal dose 700:(slow heartbeat), 641:Historic synthesis 591:released into the 545:Infobox references 473: 292:N#CP(=O)(OCC)N(C)C 16: 5603: 5602: 5573: 5572: 5421: 5406: 5405: 5333: 5318: 5317: 4957:Tetrachlorvinphos 4832:Pirimiphos-methyl 4782:Oxydemeton-methyl 4732:Methyl phenkapton 3958: 3897: 3896: 3707:Histrionicotoxins 3685:Biological toxins 3566:Ethyl iodoacetate 3134:Methyl isocyanate 3094:Selenoyl fluoride 3084:Mercuric chloride 3054:Tetranitromethane 2908:Sulfuryl fluoride 2893:HN3 hydrochloride 2888:HN2 hydrochloride 2883:HN1 hydrochloride 2770: 2769: 2727:Phenacyl chloride 2722:Pinacolyl alcohol 2668:Isopropyl alcohol 2663:4-Hydroxycoumarin 2597:1,8-Dibromooctane 2120: 2119: 2044:Nitrogen mustards 1857:Cyanogen chloride 1708:978-0-684-82949-4 1690:978-0-297-00015-0 1374:on April 23, 2003 1355:Facts About Tabun 1273:"Nerve Agent: GA" 910:of 1980 to 1988, 710:flaccid paralysis 553:Chemical compound 551: 550: 416:0.07 mmHg (9 Pa) 214:CompTox Dashboard 117:Interactive image 5653: 5636:Organophosphates 5540: 5536: 5475: 5471: 5444: 5440: 5425: 5424: 5415: 5388: 5384: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5327: 5257: 5253: 5221:Asoxime chloride 4797:Parathion-methyl 4497:Demeton-S-methyl 4053: 4049: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3952: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3871:White phosphorus 3848:post-combustion 3844:Depleted uranium 3671:Osmium tetroxide 3551:Phenacyl bromide 3114:Nitrogen dioxide 3089:Selenium dioxide 3079:Cadmium chloride 2536:Dimefox (TL-792) 2131: 2130: 1959: 1958: 1884:Hydrogen sulfide 1863:Hydrogen cyanide 1852:Cyanogen bromide 1818:chemical warfare 1807: 1800: 1793: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1730: 1701: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1587: 1576: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1504: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1427: 1421: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1339: 1338: 1327: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1297: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1284: 1269: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1244: 1228: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1215: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1191: 1176: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1053: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1029: 1023: 1022: 1009: 998: 997: 984: 926:were also used. 865:Nuremberg Trials 815:organophosphates 811:Gerhard Schrader 782:August Michaelis 780:under professor 660: 647:Gerhard Schrader 589:neurotransmitter 535: 529: 526: 525: 493: 486: 479: 464: 443:hydrogen cyanide 351: 339: 333: 327: 321: 315: 308:Chemical formula 238: 237: 222: 220: 204: 184: 173: 159: 139: 119: 95: 35: 26: 19: 15: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5569: 5538: 5519: 5479:Botulinum toxin 5473: 5448:Botulinum toxin 5442: 5414: 5402: 5386: 5376: 5362:Triethylcholine 5345: 5326: 5314: 5255: 5245: 5165:Rosmarinic acid 4932:Sulfotep (TEDP) 4602:Ethylsarin (GE) 4482:Cyclosarin (GF) 4452:Chlorfenvinphos 4442:Carbophenothion 4422:Azinphos-methyl 4051: 4041: 4007:Acryloylcholine 3970: 3951: 3943: 3928: 3898: 3893: 3875: 3816: 3727:Botulinum toxin 3680: 3629: 3590: 3506:Benzyl chloride 3461: 3454: 3238: 3231: 3222:Cacodyl cyanide 3184:Vomiting agents 3178: 2976: 2969: 2878:Dimethylmercury 2800:Botulinum toxin 2766: 2545: 2459: 2361: 2314:Novichok agents 2308: 2292: 2219: 2116: 2090: 2071: 2038: 2010:Sulfur mustards 2004: 1948: 1894:Carbon monoxide 1874:Cacodyl cyanide 1833: 1832: 1816:Agents used in 1811: 1776: 1759:Wayback Machine 1740: 1738:Further reading 1691: 1672: 1667: 1657: 1655: 1648: 1644: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1613:ABCNews.go.com 1605: 1601: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1574: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1549: 1539: 1537: 1530: 1526: 1517: 1515: 1506: 1505: 1490: 1482: 1478: 1472:Wayback Machine 1463: 1459: 1428: 1424: 1415: 1411: 1402: 1400: 1390: 1386: 1377: 1375: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1353: 1342: 1329: 1328: 1319: 1310: 1308: 1299: 1298: 1291: 1282: 1280: 1271: 1270: 1263: 1252: 1250: 1242: 1229: 1222: 1213: 1211: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1189: 1187: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1164: 1162: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1139: 1137: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1115: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1091: 1089: 1079: 1075: 1066: 1064: 1055: 1054: 1047: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1011: 1010: 1001: 986: 985: 981: 977: 946: 791:Liebigs Annalen 774: 768: 745: 666: 643: 635: 630: 601:phosphorylating 565:organophosphate 554: 547: 542: 541: 540:  ?) 531: 527: 523: 519: 498: 497: 496: 495: 488: 481: 474: 470: 462: 438: 405: 401: 371: 349: 336: 330: 324: 318: 310: 296: 293: 288: 287: 276: 273: 272: 269: 263: 262: 259: 253: 252: 241: 223: 216: 207: 187: 174: 162: 142: 122: 109: 98: 85: 71: 62: 12: 11: 5: 5659: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5547: 5546: 5529: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5514:Îł-bungarotoxin 5510:ÎČ-bungarotoxin 5499: 5498: 5464: 5463: 5433: 5431: 5422: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5391: 5389: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5365: 5364: 5359: 5350: 5348: 5334: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5260: 5258: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5050: 5028: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4772:Novichok agent 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4692:Isofluorophate 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4447:Chlorethoxyfos 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4417:Azinphos-ethyl 4414: 4409: 4404: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4257:Pyridostigmine 4254: 4249: 4244: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4056: 4054: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3975: 3973: 3959: 3945: 3944: 3927: 3926: 3919: 3912: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3854: 3853: 3852: 3850:uranium oxides 3841: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3601: 3599: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3586:Crotonaldehyde 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3511:Benzyl bromide 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3464: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3450:Chlorpromazine 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3241: 3237:Incapacitating 3233: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3200: 3195: 3188: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3124:Sulfur dioxide 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3014: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2992: 2987: 2981: 2979: 2977:choking agents 2971: 2970: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873:Tetraethyllead 2870: 2864: 2859: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2577:A.P.C. complex 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2290: 2288:V-sub x (GD-7) 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2146: 2139: 2137: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2088: 2085:Phosgene oxime 2081: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2014: 2012: 2006: 2005: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1965: 1956: 1954:Blister agents 1950: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1924:Glycolonitrile 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1849: 1843: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1823:incapacitation 1820: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1802: 1795: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1774: 1761: 1748: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1689: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1665: 1642: 1628: 1599: 1562: 1547: 1524: 1488: 1476: 1457: 1422: 1409: 1384: 1359: 1340: 1317: 1289: 1261: 1220: 1196: 1171: 1146: 1122: 1098: 1073: 1045: 1024: 999: 978: 976: 973: 972: 971: 968:Francis E. Dec 965: 959: 953: 945: 942: 767: 764: 743: 692:/secretions), 665: 662: 642: 639: 634: 631: 629: 626: 593:synaptic cleft 570:molecular mass 552: 549: 548: 543: 521: 520: 516:standard state 513: 510: 509: 506: 500: 499: 489: 482: 475: 460: 459: 458: 457: 455: 446: 445: 439: 436: 433: 432: 423: 422: 418: 417: 414: 412:Vapor pressure 408: 407: 402: 397: 394: 393: 390: 384: 383: 380: 374: 373: 368: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 347: 341: 340: 334: 328: 322: 316: 311: 306: 303: 302: 298: 297: 295: 294: 291: 283: 282: 281: 278: 277: 275: 274: 270: 267: 266: 264: 260: 257: 256: 248: 247: 246: 243: 242: 240: 239: 231:DTXSID80861631 226: 224: 212: 209: 208: 206: 205: 197: 195: 189: 188: 186: 185: 177: 175: 167: 164: 163: 161: 160: 152: 150: 144: 143: 141: 140: 132: 130: 124: 123: 121: 120: 112: 110: 103: 100: 99: 97: 96: 88: 86: 81: 78: 77: 73: 72: 68: 64: 63: 48: 42: 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5658: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5506:Bungarotoxins 5504: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5476:inactivators: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5446: 5445:inactivators: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5409: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5310: 5308: 5307:ZINC-12613047 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5150:Lactucopicrin 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4982:Trichloronate 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4757:Monocrotophos 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4722:Methamidophos 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4597:Echothiophate 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4398:Irreversible: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4262:Quilostigmine 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4252:Physostigmine 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222:; Stigmines: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4120:Chloropropham 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3931:Acetylcholine 3925: 3920: 3918: 3913: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3861:its compounds 3858: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3797:Tetanospasmin 3795: 3793: 3792:T-2 mycotoxin 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3722:Batrachotoxin 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3666:Allyl alcohol 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3531:Chloroacetone 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3516:Benzyl iodide 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3470:Xylyl bromide 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3258:Butyrophenone 3256: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3227:o-Dianisidine 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3074:Cadmium oxide 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2923:Batrachotoxin 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2806:Tetanospasmin 2804: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2077:Nettle agents 2074: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1879:Cacodyl oxide 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1777: 1775:1-85753-182-5 1771: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1720:Reminiscences 1717: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677:Speer, Albert 1674: 1673: 1653: 1646: 1638: 1632: 1617: 1616: 1610: 1603: 1588:on 2017-02-11 1584: 1580: 1573: 1566: 1559: 1554: 1552: 1535: 1528: 1514:on 2011-04-15 1513: 1509: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1485: 1480: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1461: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1432:Die Pharmazie 1426: 1419: 1413: 1399: 1395: 1388: 1373: 1369: 1363: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1307:on 2016-03-03 1306: 1302: 1296: 1294: 1279:on 2011-09-27 1278: 1274: 1268: 1266: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1227: 1225: 1210: 1209:chemm.hhs.gov 1206: 1200: 1186:. p. 124 1185: 1181: 1175: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1136: 1132: 1126: 1112: 1108: 1102: 1088: 1084: 1077: 1062: 1058: 1052: 1050: 1041: 1034: 1028: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1008: 1006: 1004: 996:. 2021-10-02. 995: 994: 989: 983: 979: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 947: 941: 939: 934: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 908:Iran–Iraq War 904: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 881: 878: 874: 870: 866: 861: 859: 855: 854:chlorobenzene 851: 847: 843: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 792: 787: 783: 779: 773: 763: 761: 757: 752: 748: 746: 739: 735: 729: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 661: 659: 654: 652: 648: 638: 625: 622: 618: 613: 611: 607: 602: 598: 597:muscle fibers 594: 590: 586: 585:acetylcholine 582: 578: 573: 571: 566: 562: 558: 546: 539: 534: 517: 511: 507: 505: 502: 501: 494: 487: 480: 456: 453: 452: 448: 447: 444: 440: 435: 434: 430: 429: 424: 419: 415: 413: 410: 409: 403: 400: 396: 395: 391: 389: 388:Boiling point 386: 385: 381: 379: 378:Melting point 376: 375: 369: 367: 364: 363: 359: 356: 355: 348: 346: 343: 342: 312: 309: 305: 304: 299: 290: 289: 286: 279: 265: 255: 254: 251: 244: 236: 232: 228: 227: 225: 215: 211: 210: 203: 199: 198: 196: 194: 191: 190: 183: 179: 178: 176: 170: 166: 165: 158: 154: 153: 151: 149: 146: 145: 138: 137:ChEMBL1097650 134: 133: 131: 129: 126: 125: 118: 114: 113: 111: 107: 102: 101: 94: 90: 89: 87: 84: 80: 79: 74: 65: 60: 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 34: 29: 25: 20: 5631:Ethyl esters 5550: 5544:α-Latrotoxin 5532: 5502: 5467: 5436: 5394: 5368: 5353: 5297:Rivastigmine 5263: 5217:Reactivators 5190:Ungiminorine 5145:Kobophenol A 5110:Coronaridine 5100:Bulbocapnine 5095:Arisugacin A 5071: 5056: 4942:Tebupirimfos 4936: 4822:Phosphamidon 4727:Methidathion 4632:Fenitrothion 4457:Chlorpyrifos 4397: 4272:Terestigmine 4267:Rivastigmine 4229:Eptastigmine 4180:Phenmedipham 4150:Formparanate 4135:Ethiofencarb 4068:Carbamates: 4065: 4059: 3978: 3802:Tetrodotoxin 3752:Grayanotoxin 3536:Bromoacetone 3526:Thiophosgene 3481:Mace (spray) 3475:Pepper spray 3460:Lachrymatory 3445:Fluphenazine 3440:Procarbazine 3350:Sleeping gas 3198:Chloropicrin 3109:Nitric oxide 3011:Chloropicrin 2955:Cloflubicyne 2918:Oxotremorine 2867:Antillatoxin 2846:Tetrodotoxin 2795:Bungarotoxin 2691:Nitromethane 2653:Formaldoxime 2592:Cyclohexanol 2557:Acetonitrile 2304:GV (EA-5365) 2142: 2126:Nerve agents 1929:Lactonitrile 1839:Blood agents 1828:riot control 1765: 1719: 1716:Erinnerungen 1715: 1680: 1670:Bibliography 1656:. Retrieved 1645: 1631: 1619:. Retrieved 1612: 1602: 1590:. Retrieved 1583:the original 1578: 1565: 1538:. Retrieved 1527: 1516:. Retrieved 1512:the original 1479: 1460: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1412: 1401:. Retrieved 1397: 1387: 1376:. Retrieved 1372:the original 1362: 1334: 1309:. Retrieved 1305:the original 1281:. Retrieved 1277:the original 1251:. Retrieved 1238: 1233: 1212:. Retrieved 1208: 1199: 1188:. Retrieved 1183: 1174: 1163:. Retrieved 1158: 1149: 1138:. Retrieved 1134: 1131:"Schedule 1" 1125: 1114:. Retrieved 1110: 1101: 1090:. Retrieved 1086: 1076: 1065:. Retrieved 1063:. 2024-04-26 1060: 1039: 1027: 1016: 991: 982: 935: 928: 922:, tabun and 905: 901: 882: 877:FĂŒhrerbunker 873:Adolf Hitler 869:Albert Speer 862: 838:World War II 835: 830: 826: 808: 795: 789: 785: 775: 753: 749: 730: 718:nerve agents 674:restlessness 667: 655: 644: 636: 614: 610:intercostals 574: 560: 556: 555: 450: 437:Main hazards 426: 76:Identifiers 67:Other names 58: 54: 50: 5395:Inhibitors: 5372:Coluracetam 5354:Inhibitors: 5324:Transporter 5264:Inhibitors: 5236:Pralidoxime 5130:Cyclanoline 5080:α-Viniferin 4977:Trichlorfon 4742:Metrifonate 4657:Fosthiazate 4642:Fluorotabun 4517:Dicrotophos 4472:Crotylsarin 4316:Huperzine A 4311:Galantamine 4306:Edrophonium 4239:Neostigmine 4234:Ganstigmine 4200:Propamocarb 4145:Formetanate 4130:Ethienocarb 4110:Carbosulfan 4100:Carbetamide 4095:Carbendazim 4066:Reversible: 3979:Inhibitors: 3812:Veratridine 3787:Shiga toxin 3742:Domoic acid 3605:Thioacetone 3571:Iodoacetone 3435:Pentazocine 3430:Sevoflurane 3395:CAR-302,668 3390:CAR-302,282 3385:CAR-302,196 3380:CAR-301,060 3375:CAR-226,086 3355:Carfentanil 3253:Apomorphine 3174:Green Cross 2965:Domoic acid 2776:Neurotoxins 2696:OPA mixture 2587:Chlorosoman 2582:Chlorosarin 2516:Phospholine 2215:Crotylsarin 2200:Fluorotabun 2172:Chlorosoman 2154:Chlorosarin 1474:, about.com 1161:. p. 4 1061:www.cdc.gov 916:mustard gas 906:During the 863:During the 850:Soviet Army 842:Brzeg Dolny 819:insecticide 706:convulsions 698:bradycardia 670:nervousness 504:Flash point 431:(OHS/OSH): 357:Appearance 301:Properties 5610:Categories 5559:versutoxin 5555:robustoxin 5429:Inhibitors 5418:modulators 5369:Enhancers: 5330:modulators 5287:Ladostigil 5277:Conodurine 5272:Affinisine 5185:Ungeremine 5160:Phosacetim 5120:Corynoline 5115:Corydaline 5105:Conodurine 5090:Affinisine 5026:Demecarium 5024:; Others: 4937:Tabun (GA) 4927:Soman (GD) 4917:Sarin (GB) 4837:Profenofos 4697:Isoxathion 4682:Guanitoxin 4652:Formothion 4627:Fenamiphos 4557:Disulfoton 4552:Dioxathion 4542:Dimethoate 4512:Dichlorvos 4346:Ladostigil 4336:Ipidacrine 4281:Ambenonium 4276:Acotiamide 4274:; Others: 4247:Phenserine 4224:Distigmine 4215:Thiodicarb 4190:Pirimicarb 4155:Methiocarb 4140:Fenobucarb 4115:Chlorbufam 4105:Carbofuran 4080:Bendiocarb 4061:Inhibitors 3955:modulators 3941:modulators 3934:metabolism 3762:Maitotoxin 3757:Guanitoxin 3737:Ciguatoxin 3732:Brevetoxin 3717:Anatoxin-a 3712:Aflatoxins 3625:Putrescine 3620:Cadaverine 3596:Malodorant 3420:Isoflurane 3405:Desflurane 3400:Benperidol 3345:Psilocybin 3340:PAVA spray 3022:Diphosgene 2975:Pulmonary/ 2903:Picrotoxin 2862:Strychnine 2856:Brevetoxin 2840:Maitotoxin 2823:Guanitoxin 2817:Ciguatoxin 2784:Anatoxin-a 2717:Pinacolone 2550:Precursors 2511:Selenophos 2367:Carbamates 2283:Chinese VX 2189:Cyclosarin 2178:Ethylsarin 2149:Sarin (GB) 2000:Lewisite 3 1994:Lewisite 2 1963:Arsenicals 1558:Speer 1970 1518:2008-11-06 1403:2023-03-02 1378:2008-11-06 1311:2008-11-06 1283:2008-11-06 1214:2023-11-25 1190:2024-07-26 1165:2024-07-26 1140:2024-07-26 1116:2024-07-26 1092:2024-07-26 1067:2024-07-26 975:References 950:Cyclosarin 924:cyclosarin 682:rhinorrhea 345:Molar mass 202:S45M750QSH 148:ChemSpider 104:3D model ( 83:CAS Number 46:IUPAC name 5541:agonists: 5525:Enhancers 5398:Vesamicol 5282:Cymserine 5231:Obidoxime 5226:Methoxime 5140:Harmaline 5135:Cymserine 5125:Crimidine 5072:Unsorted: 4967:Triazofos 4907:Ro 3-0433 4902:Ro 3-0422 4897:Ro 3-0419 4892:Ro 3-0417 4887:Ro 3-0412 4882:Ro 3-0411 4877:Ro 3-0397 4872:Ro 3-0352 4867:Ro 3-0351 4862:Ro 3-0347 4857:Ro 3-0346 4852:Ro 3-0340 4842:Prothoate 4812:Phosfolan 4807:Phosalone 4792:Parathion 4777:Omethoate 4747:Mevinphos 4712:Malathion 4702:Leptophos 4607:Endothion 4487:Demephion 4477:Cyanophos 4467:Coumaphos 4437:Cadusafos 4432:Bensulide 4427:BAY-29952 4391:Zanapezil 4351:Minaprine 4331:Huprine Y 4326:Huprine X 4321:Huprine W 4291:Donepezil 4220:Thiofanox 4195:Promecarb 4185:Pinmicarb 4165:Metolcarb 4125:Dimetilan 4085:Bufencarb 4075:Aminocarb 4027:CM-54,903 3938:transport 3857:Plutonium 3807:Volkensin 3782:Saxitoxin 3772:Palytoxin 3697:Aconitine 3425:Halothane 3415:Bufotenin 3410:Enflurane 3330:Kolokol-1 3310:Pethidine 3284:Etoxadrol 3269:Etorphine 3265:(CS-4640) 3249:(CS-4030) 3207:glycerine 3154:Salcomine 2913:Tremorine 2851:Aconitine 2834:Palytoxin 2812:Ryanodine 2789:Saxitoxin 2526:Ro 3-0422 2297:GV agents 2160:Thiosarin 1889:Phosphine 1652:"Annex 3" 1392:PubChem. 1081:PubChem. 895:(GB) and 823:IG Farben 633:Reactions 606:diaphragm 5626:Nitriles 5581:See also 5565:Crotoxin 5267:Affinine 5200:BW284C51 5155:Lycorine 5085:Affinine 5075:α-Pinene 5053:Onchidal 4972:Tribufos 4952:Terbufos 4922:Schradan 4787:Paraoxon 4707:Malaoxon 4637:Fenthion 4622:Ethoprop 4507:Diazinon 4502:Dialifor 4407:Acephate 4341:Itopride 4286:Caffeine 4210:Propoxur 4160:Methomyl 4090:Carbaryl 4070:Aldicarb 3866:Polonium 3767:Modeccin 3676:Acrolein 3641:Lewisite 3546:Acrolein 3370:CS-27349 3320:Ibogaine 3203:Litharge 3192:Adamsite 3169:Diborane 3159:Fluomine 3139:Ethenone 3034:Acrolein 3001:Fluorine 2995:Phosgene 2985:Chlorine 2385:EA-3887A 2357:C01-A042 2352:C01-A039 2347:C01-A035 2225:V-agents 2135:G-agents 2020:(EA-229) 1988:Lewisite 1847:Cyanogen 1755:Archived 1699:70119132 1679:(1970), 1621:31 March 1615:ABC News 1592:31 March 1468:Archived 1452:25985570 1253:31 March 993:Medscape 944:See also 756:atropine 694:sweating 451:NFPA 704 421:Hazards 53:)-Ethyl 5551:Others: 5503:Others: 5439:SNAP-25 5412:Release 5302:Tacrine 5210:3152 CT 5175:Taspine 4947:Temefos 4847:R-16661 4817:Phosmet 4802:Phorate 4752:Mipafox 4717:Mazidox 4647:Fonofos 4592:EA-4352 4587:EA-3148 4582:EA-2613 4577:EA-2192 4572:EA-2098 4567:EA-2054 4562:EA-2012 4537:Dimefox 4492:Demeton 4386:Tacrine 4381:TL-1238 4301:EA-4056 4296:EA-3990 4205:Propham 4170:Miotine 3615:Skatole 3610:Allicin 3325:EA-3834 3315:EA-3580 3305:EA-3443 3300:EA-3167 3295:EA-2148 3279:CS-4297 3274:EA-2092 3263:EA-4941 2990:Bromine 2628:EA-1224 2608:EA-1250 2521:R-16661 2496:EA-2613 2491:EA-2098 2486:EA-2054 2481:EA-2012 2450:3152 CT 2440:TL-1317 2435:TL-1299 2430:TL-1238 2400:EA-4056 2395:EA-3990 2390:EA-3966 2380:EA-3887 2278:EA-1763 2238:EA-3148 2233:EA-2192 2210:EA-4352 2205:EA-1356 1939:Stibine 1658:8 March 1540:13 July 1394:"Tabun" 1083:"Tabun" 1040:NRT.org 836:During 766:History 686:dyspnea 538:what is 536: ( 366:Density 350:162.129 169:PubChem 93:77-81-6 4912:Ronnel 4827:Phoxim 4617:Ethion 4412:Armine 4376:TL-599 4371:T-1194 4366:T-1152 4361:T-1123 4175:Oxamyl 3949:Enzyme 3833:Napalm 3598:agents 3462:agents 3365:JB-336 3360:JB-318 3335:LSD-25 3291:(DMHP) 3239:agents 2898:A-8564 2858:(PbTX) 2808:(TeNT) 2425:TL-599 2415:T-1194 2410:T-1152 2405:T-1123 2174:(ClGD) 2156:(ClGB) 2067:TL-301 1869:Arsine 1772:  1728:639475 1726:  1706:  1697:  1687:  1450:  1241:] 889:Allied 858:Russia 846:Poland 678:miosis 577:enzyme 533:verify 530:  285:SMILES 128:ChEMBL 40:Names 17:Tabun 5383:VAChT 5205:TMTFA 4767:Naled 4672:GT-45 4662:GD-42 4012:AF64A 3821:Other 3777:Ricin 3692:Abrin 3651:KB-16 2938:IPTBO 2869:(ATX) 2842:(MTX) 2836:(PTX) 2825:(GTX) 2819:(CTX) 2802:(BTX) 2658:Nital 2464:Other 2342:A-262 2337:A-242 2332:A-234 2327:A-232 2322:A-208 2166:Soman 2162:(SGB) 2143:Tabun 2102:KB-16 2095:Other 1718:[ 1586:(PDF) 1575:(PDF) 1243:(PDF) 1237:[ 1036:(PDF) 1018:CBRNE 920:sarin 897:Soman 893:Sarin 885:Sarin 827:tabun 722:sarin 714:apnea 557:Tabun 250:InChI 106:JSmol 5535:LPHN 5470:VAMP 5252:BChE 4762:MSPI 4048:AChE 4022:BETA 4017:B115 3967:ChAT 3936:and 3859:and 3477:(OC) 3194:(DM) 3024:(DP) 3013:(PS) 2997:(CG) 2948:TBPS 2943:TBPO 2791:(TZ) 2713:(TH) 2682:(DF) 2676:(SW) 2670:(TB) 2643:DMHP 2623:DEHP 2613:DIHP 2604:(KB) 2541:MSPI 2191:(GF) 2180:(GE) 2168:(GD) 2145:(GA) 2087:(CX) 2034:CEES 2002:(L3) 1996:(L2) 1984:(PD) 1978:(MD) 1972:(ED) 1865:(AC) 1859:(CK) 1770:ISBN 1724:OCLC 1704:ISBN 1695:LCCN 1685:ISBN 1660:2017 1623:2024 1594:2024 1542:2024 1448:PMID 1255:2024 1184:OPCW 1159:OPCW 1135:OPCW 952:(GF) 918:and 831:tabu 821:for 802:and 734:eyes 621:OPCW 608:and 587:, a 193:UNII 182:6500 157:6254 5342:CHT 4612:EPN 3501:CNS 3030:(Z) 2572:AlP 2567:ATO 2062:HN3 2057:HN2 2052:HN1 1990:(L) 1440:doi 219:EPA 172:CID 5612:: 5557:, 5512:, 5493:, 5489:, 5485:, 5458:, 5454:, 5219:: 5045:, 5041:, 5037:, 5022:VX 5017:VR 5012:VS 5007:VP 5002:VM 4997:VG 4992:VE 4677:GV 4667:GH 3646:CX 3496:CR 3491:CS 3486:CN 3247:BZ 2762:TG 2757:TC 2732:QL 2618:ZS 2562:AT 2273:VX 2268:VS 2263:VR 2258:VP 2253:VM 2248:VG 2243:VE 2195:GP 2184:GH 1693:, 1611:. 1577:. 1550:^ 1491:^ 1446:. 1436:69 1434:. 1396:. 1343:^ 1333:. 1320:^ 1292:^ 1264:^ 1223:^ 1207:. 1182:. 1157:. 1133:. 1109:. 1085:. 1059:. 1048:^ 1038:. 1015:. 1002:^ 990:. 933:. 867:, 860:. 844:, 794:, 758:. 744:50 742:LD 728:. 708:, 704:, 696:, 676:, 579:, 561:GA 323:11 51:RS 5561:) 5516:) 5508:( 5497:) 5495:G 5491:F 5487:D 5483:B 5481:( 5462:) 5460:E 5456:C 5452:A 5450:( 5420:) 5416:( 5332:) 5328:( 5061:) 5055:( 5049:) 5047:4 5043:3 5039:2 5035:1 5033:( 4063:: 3957:) 3953:( 3923:e 3916:t 3909:v 3205:- 2029:Q 2024:T 1806:e 1799:t 1792:v 1778:. 1731:) 1662:. 1625:. 1596:. 1544:. 1521:. 1454:. 1442:: 1406:. 1381:. 1337:. 1314:. 1286:. 1257:. 1249:) 1217:. 1193:. 1168:. 1143:. 1119:. 1095:. 1070:. 1042:. 740:( 672:/ 528:N 492:1 485:2 478:4 338:P 335:2 332:O 329:2 326:N 320:H 317:5 314:C 221:) 217:( 108:) 59:N 57:, 55:N 49:(

Index



IUPAC name
CAS Number
77-81-6
JSmol
Interactive image
ChEMBL
ChEMBL1097650
ChemSpider
6254
PubChem
6500
UNII
S45M750QSH
CompTox Dashboard
DTXSID80861631
Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
SMILES
Chemical formula
Molar mass
Density
Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility in water
Vapor pressure
Occupational safety and health
hydrogen cyanide
NFPA 704

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