449:
need to take closely into account many variables, such as political identities, cultural identities, class, race, gender and so on. The reason is that these variations can define the nature and outcome of resistance. Harvey (1993), who looked at resistance in relations to capitalist economic exploitation, took on a fire accident happened in the
Imperial Foods chicken processing plant in Hamlet, North Carolina in 1991, in which 20 of 200 workers were killed and 56 were injured due to poor working conditions and protections. He compared this accident with a similar fire accident at Triangle Shirtwaist Company, New York, 1911, killing 146 workers, which caused a labor resistance by 100,000 people. He argued that no resistance took place in response to the fire accident in Hamlet because most of the people who died there were black and women workers, and he believed that not only class but also other identities such as race, gender, and sexuality were important factors in understanding nature and outcome of resistance. For an effective resistance, he proposed that four tasks should be undertaken:
506:, resistance can also occur in the cyberspace.The Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW's Tobacco Resistance and Control (A-TRAC) team created a Facebook page to help promote anti-smoking campaign and rise awareness for its members. Sometimes, resistance takes place in people's minds and ideology or in people's "inner spaces". For example, sometimes people have to struggle within or fight against their inner spaces, with their consciousness and, sometimes, with their fear before they can resist in the physical spaces. In other cases, people sometimes simply resist to certain ideology, belief, or culture norms within their minds. These kinds of resistance are less visible but very fundamental parts of all forms of resistance.
857:
2527:
845:
1294:
197:
413:
1279:
592:
2543:
429:
resistance in relation to only power and domination does not provide a full understanding of the actual nature of resistance. Not all power, domination, or oppression leads to resistance, and not all cases of resistance are against or to oppose what is categorized as "power". In fact, they believe that resistance has its own characteristics and spatialities. In Steve Pile's (1997) "Opposition, Political
Identities and Spaces of Resistance", geographies of resistance show:
4510:
135:
36:
604:
77:
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capacity and ability, happiness and fear, dreaming and forgetting", meaning that resistance is not always about the dominated versus the dominator, the exploited versus the exploiter, or the oppressed versus the oppressor. There are various forms of resistance for various reasons, which then can be, again, classified as violent and nonviolent resistance (and "other" which is unclear).
320:. However, such movements existed prior to World War II (albeit often called by different names), and there have been many after it – for example in struggles against colonialism and foreign military occupations. "Resistance" has become a generic term that has been used to designate underground resistance movements in any country.
1525:
1513:
573:
resist (change) the policies of a government or occupying power. This may be accomplished through violent or non-violent means. In this view, a resistance movement is specifically limited to changing the nature of current power, not to overthrow it; and the correct military term for removing or overthrowing a government is an
444:
We can better understand resistance by accounting different perspectives and by breaking the presumptions that resistance is always against power. In fact, resistance should be understood not only in relations to domination and authority, but also through other experiences, such as "desire and anger,
428:
When geographies of resistance are discussed, it is often taken for granted that resistance takes place where domination, power, or oppression occurs and so resistance is often understood as something that always opposes to power or domination. However, some scholars believe and argue that looking at
453:
First, social justice must be defined from the perspective of the oppressed; second, a hierarchy of the oppressions has to be defined…..; third, political actions need to be understood and undertaken in terms of their situatedness and position in dynamic power relations: and finally, an epistemology
572:
defines a resistance movement as "an organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability". In strict military terminology, a resistance movement is simply that; it seeks to
448:
Different geographical spaces can also make different forms of resistance possible or impossible and more effective or less effective. Furthermore, in order to understand any resistance – its capacity to achieve its objective effectively, its success or failure – we
618:
is another term for those engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom for themselves or obtain freedom for others. Though the literal meaning of the words could include "anyone who fights for the cause of freedom", in common use it may be restricted to those who are actively involved in an
491:
Music acts as a rhetorical force that sanctions the construction of the boys' new black urban subjectivities that both challenge urban experience and yet give voice to it...music contributes a way to avoid physical and psychological immobility and to resist economic and cultural adaptation...and
458:
There are many forms of resistance in relations to different power dominations and actors. Some resistance takes place in order to oppose, change, or reform the exploitation of the capitalist economic systems and the capitals, while other resistance takes place against the state or authority in
549:
to armed conflicts "... in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination and alien occupation and against racist regimes..." This phraseology, according USA that refused to ratify the
Protocol, contains many ambiguities that cloud the issue of who is or is not a legitimate combatant:
433:
That people are positioned differently in unequal and multiple power relationships, that more or less powerful people are active in the constitution of unfolding relationships of authority, meaning and identity, that these activities are contingent, ambiguous and awkwardly situated, but that
316:. The term is still strongly linked to the context of the events of 1939–45, and particularly to opposition movements in Axis-occupied countries. Using the term "resistance" to designate a movement meeting the definition prior to World War II might be considered by some to be an
467:
is an example of resistance that challenges and tries to reform the existing cultural norms in many societies. Resistance can also be mapped in various scales ranging from local to national to regional and to global spaces. We can look at a big-scale resistance movement such as
1902:
1070:– The first Indigenous Australian to use firearms and conduct organized warfare in battle against settlers; leading a war against Euro-Australian settlers for three years, from 1894 to 1897. The resistance movement ended when Jandamarra was shot dead by an
1093:
composed mostly of the lower classes, who felt that the nobility was simply allowing themselves to fall under French control. Lord
Wellington remarked that it was extraordinary that the French had managed to remain in the country for so long (about 4
827:
The following examples are of groups that have been considered or would identify themselves as groups. These are mostly, but not exclusively, of armed resistance movements. For movements and phases of activity involving non-violent methods, see
311:
records use of the word "resistance" in the sense of organised opposition to an invader from 1862. The modern usage of the term "Resistance" became widespread from the self-designation of many movements during World War II, especially the
4216:
434:
resistance seeks to occupy, deploy and create alternative spatialities from those defined through oppression and exploitation. From this perspective, assumptions about the domination/resistance couplet become questionable.
1508:
667:
in Uganda, which were considered freedom fighters by supporters. However, a person who is campaigning for freedom through peaceful means may still be classed as a freedom fighter, though in common usage they are called
623:
rebellion, rather than those who campaign for freedom by peaceful means, or those who fight violently for the freedom of others outside the context of an uprising (though this title may be applied in its literal sense)
1559:
as a potential
British resistance movement against a possible invasion of the British Isles by Nazi forces, note that it was the only resistance movement established prior to invasion, albeit the invasion never
707:"one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter". The degree to which this occurs depends on a variety of factors specific to the struggle in which a given freedom fighter group is engaged.
299:, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country.
1520:
1432:
400:
in this period. Although the United
Kingdom did not suffer invasion in World War II, preparations were made for a British resistance movement in the event of a German invasion (see
4267:
4119:
2892:
557:
Some definitions of resistance movement have proved controversial. Hence depending on the perspective of a state's government, a resistance movement may or may not be labelled a
2130:
807:
Partisans often use captured weapons taken from their enemies, or weapons that have been stolen or smuggled in. During the Cold War, partisans often received arms from either
3969:
On the relation between military and civil resistance in occupied Norway 1940–45, see Magne
Skodvin, "Norwegian Non-violent Resistance during the German Occupation", in
459:
power. Moreover, some other resistance takes place in order to resist or question the social/culture norms or discourse or in order to challenge a global trend called "
4072:
3193:
487:
or in the form of music. Music can be used and has been used as a tool or space to resist certain oppression or domination. Gray-Rosendale, L. (2001) put it this way:
2110:
1265:(KKK) was an organization in the Philippines that instigated the Philippine Revolution in 1896 against the Spanish colonials and resulted in the dissolution of the
87:
2770:
2359:
2343:
577:. However, in reality many resistance movements have aimed to displace a particular ruler, especially if that ruler has gained or retained power illegally.
1630:
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2198:
1585:
1635:
627:
Generally speaking, freedom fighters are people who use physical force to cause a change in the political and or social order. Notable examples include
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2859:
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2100:
1615:
2354:
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group based on whether the members of a resistance movement are considered lawful or unlawful combatants and whether they are recognized as having a
3033:
2322:
2066:
1232:. In 1863–1864, it was a real shadow government supported by majority of Poles, who even paid taxes for it, and was a significant problem for the
2179:
1715:
1656:
1605:
1494:
279:, causing disruption and unrest in civil order and stability. Such a movement may seek to achieve its goals through either the use of violent or
98:
3056:
1221:
4164:
2952:
1580:
543:
Protocol
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts
384:
if the resistance movement is powerful enough. Any government facing violent acts from a resistance movement usually condemns such acts as
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2203:
2154:
1625:
1590:
4279:
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3218:
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2255:
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Not all resistance takes place in physical spaces or geographies but in "other spaces" as well. Some resistance happens in the form of
3816:
3172:
2828:
2401:
1797:
1475:
1202:
684:; people in this category (can also include dependant family members) get pensions and other benefits like special railway counters.
4514:
3304:
2983:
2452:
2120:
2353:" attempted to create an independent (either allied with Germany or opposing both sides) Russian anti-Communist force by means of
2331:
2311:
765:
tries to avoid the phrases "terrorist" or "freedom fighter", except in attributed quotes, in favor of more neutral terms such as "
3198:
2416:
1149:. Led a number of successes until being captured by the United States during faux peace talks, died a few months later in prison.
1090:
3952:
3177:
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2125:
1912:
1863:
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in the form of a series of international treaties took place. In the
Preamble to the 1899 Hague Convention II on Land War, the
1819:
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1792:
1404:
1110:
652:
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3259:
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1991:
1595:
1575:
1041:
1028:
49:
17:
1721:
3017:
2241:
1671:
1610:
569:
4437:"Objectives, Mechanisms and Obstacles of Hamas External Relations - Hanaini - Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences"
3847:
3183:
2531:
2209:
1908:
1873:
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as detailed by V. Pustogarov, "Fyodor
Fyodorovich Martens (1845–1909) – A Humanist of Modern Times",
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1984:
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subject to execution on capture and smaller states who maintained that they should be considered lawful combatants.
211:
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3981:, Harrisburg, US: Stackpole Books, 1968; and, with a new Introduction on "Czechoslovakia and Civilian Defence", as
3209:
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2002:
1959:
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518:, there has been a dispute between states since at least 1899, when the first major codification of the
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3242:
2996:
2876:
2633:
2426:
2411:
2391:
2381:, later absorbed as a part of the Waffen-SS, reformed as an anti-Soviet partisan movement after the war
2366:
within the Wehrmacht, formally released from German command in January 1945, switched sides in May 1945
2044:
1676:
1462:
1186:
1169:
1049:
1016:
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and underground which had Moscow-organized and spontaneously-formed cells opposing German occupation.
895:, was crushed by the lack of co-ordination with other Yellow Turban groups as well as destabilization.
4010:
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The People's Avengers: Soviet Partisans, Stalinist Society and the Politics of Resistance, 1941-1944
4374:
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/130845/3/Pomiecko_Aleksandra_201811_PhD_thesis.pdf
1127:
tribal member who led a small band of Cherokee people against the United States military during the
3806:
3522:
3142:
2912:
2446:
2386:
2251:
2147:
2115:
664:
205:
55:
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1400:
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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4015:
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3732:
3147:
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2346:" formed by a group of Soviet partisans, described as "neither for the Soviets nor the Germans"
2301:
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2291:
2184:
1354:
1024:
972:
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412:
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2015:
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guerrillas who engaged in the same acts as the bushwhackers did, they were also active during
4239:
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833:
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4268:"Editorial Guidelines - Section 11: War, Terror and Emergencies: Accuracy and Impartiality"
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2701:
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1977:
1935:
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that tries to resist the global trend of capitalist economic system. Or we can look at the
381:
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era. Executed in exchange for the survival of his band, the band were integrated into the
8:
4131:
3897:
3872:
3867:
3647:
3269:
3153:
2694:
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2009:
1920:
1847:– a German resistance group and militia created by the NSDAP near the end of World War II
1809:
1750:
1499:
1350:
1080:
888:
677:
669:
636:
535:
353:
292:
2526:
1448:– Croatian nationalist and fascist resistance movement against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
4484:
4028:"W. H. Jervis Hist. France v. §6. 65 Witikind became the hero of the Saxon resistance."
3842:
3837:
3771:
3642:
3447:
3096:
2567:
2546:
2490:
2482:
2438:
1733:
1255:
1173:
1155:
1071:
960:
899:
369:
329:
287:), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In many cases, as for example in the
4349:
When the Sky Fell Down: The Destruction of the Tribes of the Sydney Region, 1788–1850s
4004:
3404:
4492:
4473:
4308:
4247:
4196:
4037:
Steve Pile (1997), "Opposition, political identities and spaces of resistance", p. 3.
3986:
3827:
3587:
3359:
3314:
3105:
2917:
2638:
2612:
2607:
2505:
2500:
2213:
2021:
1965:
1868:
1772:
1767:
1710:
1687:
1648:
1394:
1177:
1045:
816:
770:
751:
628:
596:
515:
373:
313:
3329:
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or otherwise perceived to be under the influence of the Soviet Union, including the
454:
capable of telling the difference between different differences has to be developed.
3791:
3781:
3766:
3702:
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3487:
3432:
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2142:
1858:
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1323:
1225:
1214:
1114:
991:
829:
648:
477:
284:
4046:
Pile (1997), "Opposition, political identities and spaces of resistance", pp. 5–7.
1690:, a Dutch resistance movement, which mainly operated around the S-Gravenhage area.
1278:
349:
4385:
4076:
3887:
3776:
3751:
3717:
3697:
3627:
3577:
3567:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3384:
3369:
3319:
3299:
3064:
3011:
2898:
2808:
2802:
2369:
2290:(ZOB, the Jewish Fighting Organisation), Jewish resistance movement that led the
1777:
1705:
1552:
1190:
1101:
1084:
952:
933:
903:
731:
727:
632:
591:
586:
562:
401:
276:
2542:
2264:(the Home Army), Polish underground army in World War II (400 000 sworn members)
1410:
3756:
3712:
3692:
3667:
3612:
3442:
3399:
3389:
3374:
3334:
3203:
3188:
3007:
2887:
2378:
2277:
2088:
1971:
1939:
1787:
1451:
1287:
1241:
1146:
1128:
1012:
995:
929:
911:
608:
531:
523:
464:
352:
organizations engaged in a struggle for national liberation in a country under
4524:
4192:
Language, Emotion, and Politics in South India: The Making of a Mother Tongue
3912:
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3707:
3507:
3482:
3394:
3354:
2865:
2261:
1945:
1556:
1382:
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forces and affiliated citizens. Continued resisting for some years after the
1061:
877:
876:
were a first-century Jewish movement opposing Roman occupation of the Jewish
723:
688:
599:, who were considered to be freedom fighters by Western nations, October 1987
460:
288:
3537:
3512:
4236:
The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War
3821:
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3622:
3617:
3607:
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3253:
3090:
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2281:
2221:
1949:
1814:
1804:
1745:
1469:
1297:
786:
620:
503:
357:
345:
340:. This frequently includes groups that consider themselves to be resisting
2300:(ZZW, the Jewish Fighting Union), Jewish resistance movement that led the
1145:
chief who was very influential. Resisted deportation during the period of
676:. In India, "Freedom fighter" is an officially recognized category by the
275:
is an organized group of people that tries to resist the government or an
3811:
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3657:
3592:
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1824:
1415:
1283:
1161:
812:
755:
527:
519:
484:
393:
317:
1060:
tribe who occupied the land. Pemulwuy was eventually shot and killed by
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3324:
3214:
3122:
2707:
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1844:
1834:
1302:
1269:
and the exile of the Philippine Government, headed by Emillo Aguinaldo.
1067:
907:
696:
574:
542:
333:
3975:
The Strategy of Civilian Defence: Non-violent Resistance to Aggression
1168:
guerrillas who engaged in raids, robberies, and massacres against the
492:
challenges the social injustice prevalent within the Northern economy.
388:, even when such attacks target only the military or security forces.
3892:
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3497:
3339:
3264:
3226:
3167:
3116:
2990:
2738:
2733:
2514:
1930:
1364:
1262:
1210:
1182:
1097:
1019:
partisan who led a partisan guerrilla movement against Great Britain.
984:
892:
782:
778:
766:
739:
700:
692:
558:
385:
377:
361:
2796:
1445:
163:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3746:
3597:
3452:
2647:
2466:
2335:
2323:
Romanian anti-fascist anti-Axis resistance and political opposition
2315:
1263:
Kataas-Taasang, Ka-Galang-galangang, Katipunan ng mga Anak Ng Bayan
1142:
1124:
1057:
1033:
1009:
were essentially a resistance movement against the British Empire.
860:
774:
711:
704:
551:
526:
was introduced as a compromise wording for the dispute between the
4318:
3953:"The often-overlooked nonviolent roots of the American Revolution"
2931:(2011-2014; Splinter branches and groups who use the name ongoing)
994:
were a series of rebellions, uprisings, and wars to reinstate the
360:
domination. Tactics of resistance movements against a constituted
4509:
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3582:
3492:
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3163:
2963:
2601:
1997:
1850:
1651:(Dongjiang Guerrillas, Southern China and Hong Kong organisation)
1433:
Association for the Defense of the Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia
1233:
1138:
925:
918:
873:
790:
735:
644:
603:
341:
2893:
Ukrainian resistance during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
2244:(Multiple, often opposing organizations, were active during the
1853:– German guerrillas resisting Allied occupation of Germany, 1945
1543:
SIS Section D and Section VII (planned Resistance organisations)
420:, engaged in supply raids, espionage as well as the sabotage of
27:
Organized effort to withstand a government or an occupying power
3917:
3637:
3462:
1387:
1053:
864:
849:
747:
550:
ultimately, in US Government opinion the distinction is just a
417:
4470:
Non-combatant Immunity as a Norm of International Humanitarian
4411:"Hezbollah: A State Within a State - by Hussain Abdul-Hussain"
4400:
Catherine Andreyev. Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement
3824:– clandestine citizen operatives loyal to a foreign government
3282:
2455:(anti-German, anti-Soviet and anti-Polish resistance movement)
2449:(anti-German, anti-Soviet and anti-Polish resistance movement)
2131:
League to Raise the Political Consciousness of Japanese Troops
1100:– German resistance groups fighting against the French in the
4057:
Alternative Rhetorics: challenges to the rhetorical tradition
3038:
2799:
guerrilla movement fighting against Yugoslav communist forces
1120:
948:
915:
743:
660:
4435:
Hanaini, Abdalhakim; Ahmad, Abdul Rahim Bin (July 6, 2016).
332:
that rises up against an enforced or established authority,
4059:. New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 154–56.
3907:
2617:
1439:
808:
687:
People described as freedom fighters are often also called
88:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
4275:
3411:
2664:
2111:
Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan
762:
611:, a famous Estonian freedom fighter and Nazi collaborator
3985:, Harmondsworth, UK/Baltimore, US: Penguin Books, 1969.
1056:. The Aboriginals were led by Pemulwuy, a member of the
476:, which took place at national level. Most, if not all,
396:
occupiers. Germany itself also had an anti-Nazi Hitler,
4105:
Ticehurst (1997) in his footnote 2 cites F. Kalshoven,
815:
member states. Where partisan resources are stretched,
3977:, Faber, London, 1967, pp. 136–53. (Also published as
1213:– 19th-century Italian movement resisting Austrian or
4002:
3194:
Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña
2360:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
1640:
1631:
Northeastern Volunteer Righteous & Brave Fighters
1158:, there were also resistance movements on both sides
967:, also known as Tyrone's Rebellion, (1593-1603), the
4238:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. pp.
3206:– Puerto Rican armed independence movement (ongoing)
1952:
fighting against the Allies for India's Independence
4362:
An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales
1586:
Anti-Japanese Army for the Salvation of the Country
983:, also known as the United Irishmen Rebellion, and
822:
514:On the lawfulness of armed resistance movements in
509:
4003:
2941:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
2580:Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda
2106:Dissent in the Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan
1286:rebels hanged by the Americans in Jolo during the
1224:– Underground Polish supreme authority during the
502:In the age of advanced IT and mass consumption of
4485:The Martens Clause and the Laws of Armed Conflict
2771:Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac
1547:Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands
1050:between indigenous people and settler communities
4522:
4229:
4227:
4088:Rupert Ticehurst (1997) in his footnote 1 cites
3034:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
2067:National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy
1089:The 1808 invasion of Spain by Bonaparte sparked
4165:"Pension of freedom fighters hiked by Rs 5,000"
2180:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
1927:anti-British resistance within Indian territory
1657:Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War
1616:Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army
1606:Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army
1311:Filipino guerrilla units after official end of
1306:against the imperialist forces of Fascist Italy
480:can be considered as some forms of resistance.
2584:Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda
1907:, anti-fascist anti-Axis movement against the
1509:Anti-Soviet resistance in Belarus (1944–1950s)
4224:
4188:
4070:"Social media and tobacco resistance control"
3057:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1505:Belarusian nationalist resistance movements:
416:Members of the Norwegian resistance movement
4434:
4182:
1716:Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action
407:
4109:, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987, p. 14.
4096:(IRRC), No. 312, May–June 1996, pp. 300–14.
3283:Notable individuals in resistance movements
2883:Romanian anti-communist resistance movement
1830:Vierergruppen in Hamburg, Munich and Vienna
1254:against invading Chilean forces during the
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4364:, Vol. 1, Cadell and Davies, London, 1798.
4341:
4055:Gray-Rosendale, L. and Gruber, S. (2001),
2228:(continued after the end of World War II).
1454:and its organizations in the 1920s–1930s:
951:population, at times with and against the
657:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
4195:. Indiana University Press. p. 193.
3983:Civilian Resistance as a National Defence
3979:Civilian Resistance as a National Defense
3817:Fictional resistance movements and groups
3173:Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front
1798:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany
1476:Committee for the Independence of Georgia
568:According to Joint Publication 1-02, the
259:Learn how and when to remove this message
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
179:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
4441:Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences
4233:
2984:National Resistance Front of Afghanistan
2953:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
2541:
2525:
1626:Northeastern People's Revolutionary Army
1591:Chinese People's National Salvation Army
1292:
1277:
855:
843:
602:
590:
411:
204:This article includes a list of general
4338:Bartlett, A Military History of Ireland
3199:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
3071:People's Mujahedin Organization of Iran
1661:Muslim Detachment (回民義勇隊 Huimin Zhidui)
14:
4523:
3412:Other resistance movements and figures
3178:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
3083:
2829:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
2665:East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania
1864:List of Greek Resistance organizations
1334:Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)
4489:International Review of the Red Cross
4462:
4428:
4300:
4272:BBC Editorial Guidelines and Guidance
4136:"A Theory of International Terrorism"
4094:International Review of the Red Cross
3135:
2935:Front for the Liberation of the Golan
2854:Fronte di Liberazione Naziunale Corsu
2453:Ukrainian People's Revolutionary Army
2121:Japanese People's Emancipation League
1793:National Committee for a Free Germany
1405:United States occupation of Nicaragua
730:of rebels in countries controlled by
718:was first used with reference to the
392:was mainly dedicated to fighting the
328:Resistance movements can include any
4124:
4024:participating institution membership
2850:National Liberation Front of Corsica
2521:
2467:Yugoslav Army in the Homeland - the
1992:Concentrazione Antifascista Italiana
1596:Heilungkiang National Salvation Army
680:covering those who took part in the
190:
128:
70:
29:
4403:
4162:
3018:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
2778:Anti-communist resistance in Poland
2208:Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian (
2126:Japanese People's Anti-war Alliance
1820:Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
1611:Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
1273:
1203:John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry
839:
570:United States Department of Defense
24:
4307:. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock.
3848:List of revolutions and rebellions
3260:Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
3219:Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo
2752:Albanian insurgency in Yugoslavia
2220:) resistance movements during the
1960:Italian resistance against fascism
1938:, Indian force fighting alongside
1042:European colonization of Australia
653:Eritrean People's Liberation Front
580:
210:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4542:
4502:
3287:
3051:Palestine Liberation Organization
2871:Provisional Irish Republican Army
2232:Luxembourgish resistance movement
2139:Japanese pro-imperial resistance
2101:Japanese anti-imperial resistance
2094:Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia
1985:Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale
1722:Conseil National de la Résistance
1621:Northeastern Loyal and Brave Army
1359:United States occupation of Haiti
963:(1569–1573 & 1579–1583), the
796:
45:This article has multiple issues.
4508:
4107:Constraints on the Waging of War
2839:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
2788:Continuity Irish Republican Army
2623:Ogaden National Liberation Front
2443:Ukrainian resistance movements:
2375:Russian People's Liberation Army
2332:Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division
2312:Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division
2168:Resistance movement in Auschwitz
1884:National Republican Greek League
1133:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
887:were peasant rebels against the
823:Examples of resistance movements
510:Controversy regarding definition
474:internal resistance to apartheid
348:. Some resistance movements are
195:
133:
75:
34:
4394:
4390:. University of Michigan. 1994.
4378:
4367:
4354:
4332:
4294:
4260:
4209:
4156:
4145:
4112:
3533:Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
3111:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
2978:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
2805:Polish anticommunist resistance
2672:East Turkestan Islamic Movement
2654:in Post-Apartheid South Africa.
2483:National Liberation Army – the
2432:Young Guard (Soviet resistance)
2224:invasion and occupation of the
2085:Italian pro-fascist resistance
1481:
682:country's independence movement
53:or discuss these issues on the
4278:Editorial Team. Archived from
4099:
4082:
4062:
4049:
4040:
4031:
3996:
3963:
3945:
3728:Blocking of Telegram in Russia
2905:
2824:Irish National Liberation Army
2242:Philippine resistance movement
1890:National and Social Liberation
1880:(ELAS), EAM's guerrilla forces
1878:Greek People's Liberation Army
1636:Hong Kong resistance movements
1576:Chechen anti-Soviet resistance
1488:Resistance during World War II
803:Insurgency weapons and tactics
726:picked up the term to explain
390:Resistance during World War II
297:Norway in the Second World War
13:
1:
4234:Garthoff, Raymond L. (1994).
4090:The life and works of Martens
4079:. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
3863:Opposition to the Vietnam War
3798:), the opposite of resistance
3184:Front de libération du Québec
2690:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
2652:Afrikaner Resistance Movement
2590:Harakat al-Shabaab Mujahideen
2237:Norwegian resistance movement
2163:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
2055:Labour Democratic Party (PDL)
2050:Italian Socialist Party (PSI)
2040:Italian Communist Party (PCI)
1917:Indian resistance movements:
1898:Hungarian resistance movement
1763:Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
1740:French Forces of the Interior
1566:Bulgarian resistance movement
1540:British resistance movements
1521:Belarusian People's Partisans
1371:Ukrainian War of Independence
1079:Resistance movements against
863:(right) alongside his fellow
609:Ants "the Terrible" Kaljurand
422:German heavy water production
323:
4468:Gardam, Judith Gail (1993).
3939:
3928:Special Operations Executive
3305:Dragoljub "Draža" Mihailović
3102:Indian Independence movement
2959:Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)
2355:collaboration with the Nazis
2061:Movimento Comunista d'Italia
1913:Government of National Unity
1701:Estonian resistance movement
1645:(Hong Kong-Kowloon big army)
1581:Chinese resistance movements
1495:Albanian resistance movement
1458:Brotherhood of Russian Truth
1403:led a rebellion against the
1344:Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region
1230:Russian occupation of Poland
1193:, most prominent member was
674:Black Consciousness Movement
497:Gray-Rosendale, 2001: 154–56
302:
7:
3923:Special Activities Division
3903:Resistance Studies Magazine
3739:
3421:Chief Kimweri of Tanganyika
3003:Popular Mobilization Forces
2728:Tibetan resistance movement
2574:Conflict in the Niger Delta
2422:Soviet partisans in Finland
2402:Belarusian Soviet partisans
2351:Russian Liberation Movement
2328:Tudor Vladimirescu Division
2308:Tudor Vladimirescu Division
2288:Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa
2199:Latvian resistance movement
2027:Italian Co-Belligerent Army
1841:German pro-Nazi resistance
1758:German resistance to Nazism
1728:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
1641:
1571:Burmese resistance movement
1536:Belgian resistance movement
1530:, anti-Soviet and anti-Nazi
1176:ended. Responsible for the
1003:American Continental forces
852:lancers, early 16th century
470:anti-globalization movement
159:the claims made and adding
10:
4547:
4491:no. 317, pp. 125–34.
4152:Merriam-Webster definition
3858:Opposition to the Iraq War
3243:Popular Revolutionary Army
2877:Real Irish Republican Army
2634:Symbionese Liberation Army
2427:Soviet partisans in Poland
2392:Soviet resistance movement
2387:Slovak resistance movement
2377:, pro-Nazi militia of the
2214:Latvian national partisans
2175:Korean resistance movement
2155:Jewish resistance movement
2045:Italian Partisan Republics
1711:French resistance movement
1677:Danish resistance movement
1485:
1463:Russian All-Military Union
1339:Fujian People's Government
1222:Polish National Government
1029:early history of Australia
1017:American Revolutionary War
1007:American Revolutionary War
921:and government corruption.
800:
584:
398:German resistance movement
4011:Oxford English Dictionary
3045:Palestinian Islamic Jihad
2745:
2722:South Thailand insurgency
2643:African National Congress
2560:
2538:against French occupation
2417:Moldovan Soviet partisans
2407:Estonian Soviet partisans
2280:(the People's Guard) and
1874:National Liberation Front
1859:Greek resistance movement
1672:Czech Resistance movement
1428:Turkish national movement
977:Williamite War in Ireland
957:Bruce campaign in Ireland
932:slaves who overthrew the
408:Geographies of resistance
309:Oxford English Dictionary
4142:, vol. 19, p. 945, 1987.
3807:Definitions of terrorism
3523:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
3237:Paraguayan People's Army
3143:American Indian Movement
2766:National Liberation Army
2713:People's Liberation Army
2532:National Liberation Army
2447:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2439:Thai resistance movement
2412:Latvian Soviet partisans
2258:organizations, such as:
2252:Polish Underground State
2148:Volunteer Fighting Corps
2116:Japanese Communist Party
1369:Ukrainian forces in the
1357:rebels who resisted the
1267:Republic of Biak na Bato
1083:also emerged during the
750:and the multi-factional
672:, as in the case of the
665:National Resistance Army
4351:, Collins, Sydney, 1979
4169:The Hindu Business Line
4016:Oxford University Press
3723:Republic of Rose Island
3683:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
3029:Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade
2923:Free Patriotic Movement
2761:Kosovo Protection Corps
2717:Chinese Communist Party
2364:Russian Liberation Army
1601:Jilin Self-Defence Army
1555:, organized by Colonel
1329:Chinese Soviet Republic
1319:Chinese Communist Party
1313:Philippine–American War
981:Irish Rebellion of 1798
969:Irish Rebellion of 1641
941:British rule in Ireland
541:More recently the 1977
225:more precise citations.
4513:Quotations related to
4189:Lisa Mitchell (2009).
4163:PTI (18 August 2016).
4140:Connecticut Law Review
3933:Unconventional warfare
3733:List of whistleblowers
3148:Black Guerrilla Family
2845:Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
2756:Kosovo Liberation Army
2596:Lord's Resistance Army
2554:Post-WWII anti-fascism
2549:
2539:
2463:resistance movements:
2302:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2298:Zydowski Zwiazek Walki
2292:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2185:Korean Liberation Army
1307:
1290:
1248:Andrés Avelino Cáceres
1044:. In 1797, a state of
1025:Indigenous Australians
973:Irish Confederate Wars
945:Plantations of Ireland
910:, which was caused by
868:
853:
612:
600:
547:Article 1. Paragraph 4
500:
456:
442:
425:
97:by rewriting it in an
4301:Perry, Simon (2011).
3853:Nonviolent resistance
3787:Civil rights movement
3528:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
3478:Louis Joseph Papineau
3418:Chief Mkwawa of Uhehe
3310:Edmund Charaszkiewicz
3223:Peronist Armed Forces
3023:Palestinian militants
2997:Houthis (Ansar Allah)
2834:Irish Republican Army
2545:
2529:
2268:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
2204:Lithuanian resistance
2192:Korean Volunteer Army
1942:against Allied forces
1694:Valkenburg resistance
1422:Irish Republican Army
1401:Augusto César Sandino
1296:
1281:
1199:Pottawatomie Massacre
1091:a resistance movement
1038:indigenous Australian
971:& the subsequent
859:
847:
834:nonviolent resistance
641:Irish Republican Army
631:in South Africa, the
606:
594:
489:
465:LGBT social movements
451:
431:
415:
366:nonviolent resistance
330:irregular armed force
281:nonviolent resistance
4531:Resistance movements
4483:Ticehurst, Rupert. "
4472:, Martinus Nijhoff.
3678:Toussaint Louverture
3438:Buenaventura Durruti
3295:Mordechaj Anielewicz
3232:Ñancahuazú Guerrilla
3159:Boricua Popular Army
3076:South Yemen Movement
2686:insurgency in China
2496:Macedonian Partisans
2477:– Slovenian Chetniks
2218:Lithuanian partisans
2004:Democrazia Cristiana
1978:Brigate Fiamme Verdi
1936:Indian National Army
1197:responsible for the
955:lords, launched the
703:. This leads to the
382:conventional warfare
18:Resistance movements
4515:Resistance movement
4304:All Who Came Before
4132:Washburn University
4014:(Online ed.).
3898:Reclaim the Streets
3873:Polish Secret State
3868:Partisan (military)
3648:Charlemagne Peralte
3424:Kinjekitile Ng'wale
3270:Weather Underground
3154:Black Panther Party
3084:Indian subcontinent
2913:Armenian resistance
2860:Óglaigh na hÉireann
2695:Kuomintang in Burma
2678:Free Papua Movement
2628:Sudanese resistance
2344:Republic of Rossony
2284:(the People's Army)
2273:Bataliony Chłopskie
2246:Japanese Occupation
2016:Giustizia e Libertà
2010:Four days of Naples
1921:Quit India Movement
1500:Austrian resistance
1351:Charlemagne Peralte
1252:resistance movement
943:and the subsequent
889:Eastern Han dynasty
819:are also deployed.
670:political activists
637:American Revolution
536:unlawful combatants
439:Steve Pile, 1996: 3
354:military occupation
293:American Revolution
273:resistance movement
4463:General references
4134:– School of Law).
4075:2014-01-16 at the
3843:List of guerrillas
3838:Irregular military
3772:Asymmetric warfare
3643:Lawrence of Arabia
3448:Giuseppe Garibaldi
3136:Western hemisphere
3097:Bhutan Tiger Force
2819:Hungarian Uprising
2568:Casamance conflict
2550:
2547:Irish Citizen Army
2540:
2491:Croatian Partisans
1815:Robert Uhrig Group
1734:Free French Forces
1308:
1291:
1256:War of the Pacific
1174:American Civil War
1156:American Civil War
1072:Aboriginal tracker
961:Desmond Rebellions
900:Abbasid Revolution
869:
854:
817:improvised weapons
761:In the media, the
613:
601:
426:
370:civil disobedience
283:(sometimes called
144:possibly contains
99:encyclopedic style
86:is written like a
4487:" 30 April 1997,
4314:978-1-60899-659-9
4202:978-0-253-35301-6
4068:Michelle Hughes,
4022:(Subscription or
3828:Guerrilla warfare
3588:William Quantrill
3360:Aris Velouchiotis
3315:Charles de Gaulle
3106:Pakistan movement
2918:Afghan Mujahideen
2702:New People's Army
2639:Umkhonto we Sizwe
2608:March 23 Movement
2522:Post–World War II
2506:Slovene Partisans
2501:Serbian Partisans
2256:Polish resistance
2022:Italian Civil War
1966:Arditi del Popolo
1948:, Indian unit in
1869:Cretan resistance
1773:Edelweiss Pirates
1768:Confessing Church
1688:The Stijkel Group
1649:East River Column
1395:Forest Guerrillas
1178:Lawrence Massacre
1046:guerrilla warfare
1040:who resisted the
979:(1688–1691), the
975:(1641-1653), the
959:(1315-1318), the
939:In opposition to
902:overthrow of the
728:America's support
678:Indian government
629:uMkhonto we Sizwe
597:Afghan mujahideen
516:international law
374:guerrilla warfare
314:French Resistance
269:
268:
261:
251:
250:
243:
189:
188:
181:
146:original research
127:
126:
119:
68:
16:(Redirected from
4538:
4512:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4415:Hudson Institute
4407:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4382:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4358:
4352:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4317:. Archived from
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4231:
4222:
4215:Gerald Seymour,
4213:
4207:
4206:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4160:
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4149:
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4097:
4086:
4080:
4066:
4060:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4019:
4007:
4000:
3994:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3949:
3792:Collaborationism
3782:Civil resistance
3767:Anti-imperialism
3703:Robert the Bruce
3633:Alfred the Great
3488:Maria Nikiforova
3433:Hassan Nasrallah
3350:Christian Pineau
2947:Gaddafi loyalism
2929:Free Syrian Army
2814:Greek resistance
2783:Caucasus Emirate
2396:Soviet partisans
2226:Baltic countries
2159:Jewish partisans
2143:Japanese holdout
2073:Partito d'Azione
1946:Free Indian Army
1906:
1751:Pat O'Leary Line
1682:Dutch resistance
1644:
1529:
1517:
1377:Dervish Movement
1324:Chinese Red Army
1274:Pre–World War II
1226:January Uprising
1115:Manifest destiny
1111:Native Americans
992:Jacobite risings
867:warriors in 1886
840:Pre–20th century
830:civil resistance
732:communist states
720:Hungarian rebels
649:Northern Ireland
498:
478:social movements
463:". For example,
440:
285:civil resistance
264:
257:
246:
239:
235:
232:
226:
221:this article by
212:inline citations
199:
198:
191:
184:
177:
173:
170:
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161:inline citations
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4146:
4129:
4125:
4118:Gardam (1993),
4117:
4113:
4104:
4100:
4087:
4083:
4077:Wayback Machine
4067:
4063:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4021:
4001:
3997:
3968:
3964:
3959:. July 4, 2016.
3951:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3888:Reagan Doctrine
3752:Anti-capitalism
3742:
3737:
3718:Marvin Heemeyer
3698:William Wallace
3628:Mangas Colorado
3578:Osama bin Laden
3568:Leonard Peltier
3558:Abbas al-Musawi
3553:Ernesto Guevara
3548:Emiliano Zapata
3414:
3409:
3405:Gunnar Sønsteby
3385:Ferruccio Parri
3370:Chiang Kai-shek
3320:Mildred Harnack
3300:Josip Broz Tito
3290:
3285:
3280:
3138:
3133:
3086:
3081:
3065:Polisario Front
3012:Lebanese Forces
2908:
2903:
2899:United Irishmen
2809:Free Wales Army
2803:Cursed soldiers
2748:
2743:
2667:
2662:
2563:
2524:
2519:
2370:GULAG Operation
2349:The so-called "
2210:Forest Brothers
1900:
1778:Ehrenfeld Group
1706:Forest Brothers
1553:Auxiliary Units
1523:
1511:
1490:
1484:
1282:Three Filipino
1276:
1191:Bleeding Kansas
1102:Napoleonic Wars
1085:Napoleonic Wars
965:Nine Years' War
953:Hiberno-Normans
934:Ayyubid dynasty
904:Umayyad dynasty
842:
825:
805:
799:
716:freedom fighter
633:Sons of Liberty
616:Freedom fighter
589:
587:Freedom fighter
583:
581:Freedom fighter
563:right to resist
530:who considered
512:
499:
496:
441:
438:
410:
402:Auxiliary Units
326:
305:
277:occupying power
265:
254:
253:
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230:
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217:Please help to
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982:
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947:, the native
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724:Ronald Reagan
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461:globalization
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4517:at Wikiquote
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4444:
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4414:
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4386:
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4348:
4347:Willey, K.,
4343:
4334:
4323:. Retrieved
4319:the original
4303:
4296:
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4280:the original
4271:
4262:
4235:
4218:Harry's Game
4217:
4211:
4191:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4168:
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4139:
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4114:
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4101:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4064:
4056:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4009:
4005:"resistance"
3998:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3971:Adam Roberts
3965:
3956:
3947:
3822:Fifth column
3777:People's war
3762:Anti-fascism
3623:Sitting Bull
3618:Leon Trotsky
3608:Maqbool Bhat
3603:Fidel Castro
3563:Russel Means
3543:Pancho Villa
3288:World War II
3254:Shining Path
3129:Tamil Tigers
3091:Mukti Bahini
2536:Algerian War
2484:
2468:
2282:Armia Ludowa
2157:, including
2072:
2059:
2014:
2003:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1964:
1950:Nazi Germany
1805:Neu Beginnen
1664:Muslim corps
1482:World War II
1470:Green armies
1411:Lwów Eaglets
1301:
1298:Omar Mukhtar
1266:
1162:Bushwhackers
987:(1831-1836).
914:against non-
826:
806:
787:paramilitary
760:
715:
709:
686:
626:
615:
614:
567:
565:occupation.
556:
540:
528:Great Powers
513:
504:social media
501:
490:
482:
457:
452:
447:
443:
432:
427:
358:totalitarian
346:dictatorship
327:
306:
272:
270:
255:
237:
228:
209:
175:
166:
143:
113:
104:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
4174:23 February
4130:Khan, Ali (
3812:Defensivism
3802:Covert cell
3658:King Arthur
3593:Crazy Horse
3518:Osman Batur
3458:Ho Chi Minh
3428:Michel Aoun
3380:Luigi Longo
3345:Jean Moulin
3249:Sandinistas
3014:(1975–1990)
2925:(1988-2005)
2906:Middle East
2873:(1969–1997)
2841:(2009-2017)
2795:– Croatian
2586:) (ongoing)
2534:during the
1925:non-violent
1901: [
1825:Solf Circle
1524: [
1512: [
1472:(1918–1921)
1442:(1927–1941)
1424:(1918–1922)
1416:Black Lions
1397:(1921–1922)
1379:(1899-1920)
1373:(1917-1921)
1315:(1902–1913)
1300:led Libyan
1166:Confederate
1154:During the
813:Warsaw Pact
756:Afghanistan
714:, the term
710:During the
607:Mugshot of
595:A group of
520:laws of war
485:Protest Art
364:range from
350:underground
318:anachronism
291:during the
231:August 2022
223:introducing
169:August 2022
107:August 2022
4451:October 3,
4420:October 3,
4325:2022-01-02
4026:required.)
3883:Propaganda
3878:Protesting
3833:Insurgency
3688:Sans-Souci
3673:Nat Turner
3573:John Brown
3538:Ülo Voitka
3513:Rummu Jüri
3503:Robin Hood
3468:Juan Peron
3365:Mao Zedong
3325:Jan Karski
3275:Zapatistas
3215:Montoneros
3123:Sindhudesh
3025:(ongoing)
2980:(ongoing)
2708:Pathet Lao
2684:Kuomintang
2475:Blue Guard
1923:, largely
1845:Volkssturm
1835:White Rose
1486:See also:
1195:John Brown
1183:Jayhawkers
1068:Jandamarra
908:Abu Muslim
752:mujahideen
701:terrorists
697:insurgents
575:insurgency
554:judgment.
424:during WW2
380:, or even
334:government
324:Background
206:references
153:improve it
50:improve it
4497:1560-7755
3940:Citations
3893:Rebellion
3663:Spartacus
3498:Red Cloud
3340:Max Manus
3277:(ongoing)
3265:Tupamaros
3256:(ongoing)
3245:(ongoing)
3239:(ongoing)
3227:Argentina
3180:(ongoing)
3168:Nicaragua
3150:(ongoing)
3125:(ongoing)
3119:(ongoing)
3117:Khalistan
3113:(ongoing)
3078:(ongoing)
3067:(ongoing)
3059:(ongoing)
3053:(ongoing)
3047:(ongoing)
3041:(ongoing)
2999:(ongoing)
2993:(ongoing)
2991:Hezbollah
2955:(ongoing)
2949:(ongoing)
2943:(ongoing)
2937:(ongoing)
2895:(ongoing)
2879:(ongoing)
2862:(ongoing)
2793:Crusaders
2739:Viet Minh
2734:Viet Cong
2730:(ongoing)
2724:(ongoing)
2704:(ongoing)
2680:(ongoing)
2674:(ongoing)
2630:(ongoing)
2604:(ongoing)
2598:(ongoing)
2592:(ongoing)
2576:(ongoing)
2570:(ongoing)
2556:(ongoing)
2530:Algerian
2515:Viet Minh
2485:Partisans
2079:Scintilla
2035:Air Force
1931:Azad Hind
1684:movement
1365:Freikorps
1303:Mujahidin
1211:Carbonari
1098:Landsturm
893:Zhang Jue
891:, led by
779:insurgent
771:guerrilla
740:Nicaragua
722:in 1956.
689:assassins
559:terrorist
552:political
386:terrorism
378:terrorism
362:authority
303:Etymology
157:verifying
56:talk page
4525:Category
4447:(4): 485
4073:Archived
3747:Anti-war
3740:See also
3598:Tecumseh
3453:Geronimo
2648:ActionSA
2469:Chetniks
2461:Yugoslav
2362:and the
2336:Red Army
2316:Red Army
1911:and the
1353:and his
1228:against
1143:Seminole
1125:Cherokee
1109:Certain
1064:in 1802.
1058:Bidjigal
1048:existed
1034:Pemulwuy
861:Geronimo
848:Ottoman
775:assassin
767:militant
712:Cold War
705:aphorism
663:and the
495:—
437:—
295:, or in
4244:270–271
4221:, 1975.
3973:(ed.),
3957:pri.org
3653:Boudica
3583:Cochise
3493:Osceola
3473:Lembitu
3164:Contras
2964:Taliban
2658:ZANU–PF
2613:Mau Mau
2602:Mai-Mai
2334:of the
2314:of the
2304:in 1943
2294:in 1943
1998:DELASEM
1851:Werwolf
1240:of the
1234:Okhrana
1215:Bourbon
1139:Osceola
1113:during
1094:years).
1027:in the
1015:was an
1005:of the
926:Mamluks
919:Muslims
874:Sicarii
791:militia
789:", or "
736:Contras
645:Ireland
635:in the
342:tyranny
219:improve
151:Please
93:Please
4495:
4476:
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4286:6 July
4250:
4199:
4120:p. 91.
3989:
3918:Sniper
3638:El Cid
3463:Kim Ku
3093:(1971)
2797:Ustaše
2746:Europe
2561:Africa
2222:Soviet
2216:, and
2033:, and
1892:(EKKA)
1886:(EDES)
1746:Maquis
1718:(BCRA)
1446:Ustaše
1418:(1936)
1388:Ikhwan
1236:, the
1081:France
1054:Sydney
949:Gaelic
930:Turkic
906:under
865:Apache
850:Mamluk
748:Angola
693:rebels
655:, the
651:, the
639:, the
534:to be
418:Milorg
208:, but
4240:18–19
4020:
3794:(and
3039:Hamas
2342:The "
1905:]
1742:(FFI)
1736:(FFL)
1730:(FTP)
1724:(CNR)
1560:came.
1528:]
1516:]
1355:Cacos
1217:rule.
1187:Union
1185:were
1170:Union
1164:were
1121:Tsali
1036:– An
928:were
783:rebel
744:UNITA
661:India
621:armed
372:, to
336:, or
4493:ISSN
4474:ISBN
4453:2020
4422:2020
4309:ISBN
4288:2018
4248:ISBN
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4176:2017
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2650:and
2618:MPLA
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2254:and
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1261:The
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1001:The
990:The
924:The
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898:The
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832:and
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307:The
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1052:in
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