394:. Delestraint had been arrested twelve days earlier by the Gestapo in Paris on 9 June. Aubrac was arrested under the pseudonym Claude Ermelin. Taken to Montluc prison in Lyon, the eight leaders were interrogated and tortured under the direction of Barbie. Aubrac was sentenced to death by a Paris court, but the execution was not quickly carried out because the authorities still hoped to obtain intelligence from him. Lucie Aubrac helped to organise his escape from the prison. She claimed to be his fiancée, saying he was named "Ermelin" (one of his aliases) and that he had been caught in the raid while innocently visiting a doctor. She was told that he was to be executed for resistance, and asked to marry him; a French legal clause allowed engaged people to marry if one of them was soon to die. Later, when he was being brought back to prison after the supposed marriage, he and fifteen other prisoners were rescued by
839:) delivered eulogies during the ceremony. Aubrac had said he wanted only ex-Resistance fighters to speak at his funeral. "Lucie and Raymond Aubrac have become a reference for all of those who identified with the legacy of the resistance," Crémieux-Brilhac, a 95-year-old ex-member of the Resistance, said in his eulogy. "Lucie and Raymond, from now on a mythic couple, continue to carry the torch of justice and hope," he added. Vistel hailed Raymond Aubrac for "committing himself to make France more just and the world more humane". "He is a monument to the part of our contemporary history (World War II) which is fading from our memories and that only strengthens the duty to remember it," said Nicolas Sarkozy at the end of the 35-minute ceremony outside the main courtyard. As Aubrac's flag-draped coffin was carried away from the courtyard, a
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350:, among them "Vallet, Ermelin, Balmont and Aubrac". Their Resistance activities started off with buying boxes of chalk and writing graffiti on walls. They then moved on to writing tracts and putting them into people's letterboxes. In the autumn of 1940, they also formed one of the first underground Resistance groups—
549:
Aubrac worked on many civil engineering projects in Europe, North Africa and Asia. In 1948, he helped to create a civil engineering consultancy firm, at first working mainly with
Communist-run local authorities, then in Eastern Europe. It established close links with Eastern Europe, which later led
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but eventually acquitted. Although Aubrac and Hardy had both been detained and released prior to the
Caluire meeting (supposedly creating an opportunity for the Germans to "turn" them), arrested at the Caluire raid, and subsequently escaped Gestapo custody, Aubrac alleged that in Hardy's case, his
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was to establish some form of provisional authority in the areas of France just liberated from the
Germans. Aubrac organised the purge of the police forces and oversaw the often brutal treatment meted out to suspected collaborators with the Nazis. He requisitioned a number of local industries,
523:'s independence in 1946, he decided to stay in the Aubracs' home for several months and he and Raymond Aubrac became friends. Aubrac's Communist sympathies made him a controversial figure with the French right. He supported the Vietnamese rebellion against French colonial rule in the 1950s.
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military hospital in Paris, surrounded by his family. He had been hospitalized in recent days after suffering from fatigue. Lucie Aubrac died in 2007 at the age of 94. At the time of his death, he was the sole survivor of the group of eight
Resistance leaders arrested in
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suggested that since Aubrac's overriding allegiance was to communism, he would not have considered himself a traitor if he had indeed betrayed Moulin, claiming that French
Communists such as the Aubracs at times gave non-Communists such as Moulin to the Gestapo.
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In 1948, Aubrac founded an institute, Bureau d'Ă©tudes et de recherches pour l'industrie moderne (BERIM) (the Study and
Research Group for Modern Industry), to encourage trade with Communist countries in the Eastern Bloc. He headed the institute for ten years.
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should be aired or not. Aubrac helped write the report of the "Jury of Honor" that concluded: "though it is highly desirable that a film inform French of all generations about the saga of the FTP-MOI, such a film nevertheless still remains to be made”.
759:, in a statement, said that Aubrac's 1943 escape from the Nazis had "become a legend in the history of the Resistance" and praised him and all Resistance members as "heroes of the shadows who saved France's honor, at a time when it seemed lost."
572:. In the early 1970s, as America tried to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War, Aubrac served as a mediator between the American and North Vietnamese governments. He also joined a group of intellectuals and scientists working to end the war.
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as representative of
Liberation-Sud. Her childbirth forced her to stay in London, but Emmanuel d'Astier, who had been in Algiers since November 1943, where he was appointed commissioner of the interior of the
362:
on 15 March 1943 in a routine raid. He was operating with fake identity papers under the pseudonym François Vallet. His captors had no idea whom they had captured. He was eventually released two months later.
767:, hailed Aubrac as the "last great actor and last great witness" of the French Resistance. " They (Raymond and Lucie Aubrac) were a legendary couple," Klarsfeld told BFM-TV. "They were exceptional people."
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said in a statement, “In our darkest times, he was, with Lucie Aubrac, among the righteous, who found, in themselves and in the universal values of our
Republic, the strength to resist Nazi barbarism.“
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Like the majority of high school students, he followed the "PMS" (higher military preparation) and became an officer during his military service. Previously, as a recipient of an
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In his later life, Aubrac made frequent visits to schools to educate the younger generation about the dangers of totalitarianism. He also sought to promote remembrance of the
803:—also represented the government during the ceremony. Aubrac's three children, ten grandchildren, great-grandchildren, as well as several notable French politicians such as
674:, starting on 22 April. Hollande said that he had met with Aubrac about three weeks before his death and Aubrac told him that he would be closely monitoring the election.
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leading to allegations that he was really working in the interests of the
Communists. Aubrac was dismissed from his post and recalled to Paris after only four months.
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Aubrac was later cremated on the same day with only family members present. His ashes were put beside those of Lucie Aubrac in the family tomb of the cemetery in the
632:. In 1997, the Aubracs, feeling outraged by such allegations and attempting to clear their names, submitted themselves to a “jury” of French historians set up by the
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escape was too easy and claimed that when Hardy made a run for it, "from all the
Germans with their sub-machine guns, there were only a couple of scattered shots."
338:. Samuel was taken prisoner by the German army on 21 June 1940, but he managed to escape from the internment camp with the aid of his wife. He and Lucie joined the
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Aubrac was accorded a state funeral will full military honors. It was held on Monday, 16 April 2012, starting at 10am local time, in the main courtyard of the
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477:, Aubrac was appointed to a senior post by the Ministry of Reconstruction from 1945 to 1948, during which he oversaw reconstruction and mine clearance.
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492:(CFLN) asked Raymond to go and join him there. Therefore it was Raymonde who sat in the assembly where, according to his own words, he was bored.
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to communicate with the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong in the last few months of the war. In 1975, while working on rebuilding projects in
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Raymond Aubrac's parents, whom he had tried unsuccessfully to convince to leave for Switzerland, were arrested in France, deported to
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to set up an underground newspaper called Libération to promote the French Resistance. Raymond Aubrac was arrested by the
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newspaper. Their report dismissed the notion that the Aubracs were collaborators but noted inconsistencies. In his book
259:. His father, Albert Samuel, was born on 2 March 1884, in Vesoul and his mother Hélène Falk was born on 2 March 1894 in
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https://calgaryherald.com/news/Raymond+Aubrac+Former+leader+French+Resistance/6461742/story.html#ixzz1sA2Ukl5A
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In 1947 and 1950, he was a witness for the prosecution during two trials of fellow French Resistance leader
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624:'s 1943 Caluire meeting with the Resistance leaders. The same allegations were then insinuated in a book (
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686:, a friend of Raymond Aubrac, became the godfather of the Aubracs' third child, daughter Elizabeth.
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Resistance and Betrayal: The Death and Life of the Greatest Hero of the French Resistance (2002)
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left wing of his country and one of the founders of Pathet Lao, then the first president of the
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568:, as a secret intermediary between the Americans and the North Vietnamese at the height of the
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1486:"Hommage républicain au résistant Raymond Aubrac, "flambeau de la justice et de l'espérance""
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Bowles, Brett (2011). "Historiography, Memory, and the Politics of Form in Mosco Boucault's
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McNamara, Robert S.; Blight, James G.; Brigham, Robert K.; Biersteker, Thomas J. (2000),
628:; first published by Albin Michel in 1997) written by a French journalist and historian,
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1164:"Raymond Aubrac: French Resistance leader whose wife daringly freed him from captivity"
1096:"Raymond Aubrac: French Resistance leader whose wife daringly freed him from captivity"
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In 1985, Aubrac sat on the "Jury of Honor" that was to decide whatever the documentary
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in 1934, from which he graduated in 1937 in the same promotion as the Laotian prince
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The Aubracs' wartime exploits made interesting movie material. Two French films,
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issued a statement saying it was Raymond Aubrac who had betrayed the secret of
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On 21 June 1943, Aubrac was one of eight senior Resistance leaders, including
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to allegations that it was really a front to raise funds for the Communists.
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He also served in a series of international roles. He was a Director of the
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The GĂ©rĂ´me de Vesoul high school, where Raymond Aubrac began his studies.
428:(1992), have immortalized the Aubracs in the nation's collective memory.
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Samuel was serving in the French army as an engineering officer on the
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Foot, I. C. B. DearI C. B. DearM R. D. (2003), Dear, I. C. B. (ed.),
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939:"AUBRAC Raymond [SAMUEL Raymond, dit]. Pseudonymes de résis"
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Aubrac was born Raymond Samuel into a middle-class Jewish family in
1122:"Raymond Aubrac dies at 97; French Resistance hero of World War II"
965:"French Resistance Hero Raymond Aubrac Hailed Upon his Death at 97"
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1539:"Raymond Aubrac: How I tricked the Gestapo (with interview video)"
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In August 1944, Charles de Gaulle appointed Aubrac to the post of
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Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy
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were sometimes tense because of his Communist leanings. When
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1558:"Raymond Aubrac, la disparition d'un héros de la Résistance"
1225:"Raymond Aubrac, la disparition d'un héros de la Résistance"
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in cars, led by Lucie, who attacked the vehicle he was in.
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Member of the French Resistance in World War II (1914–2012)
783:. His flag-draped coffin was borne by ten members of the
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Ordre de l'Amitié de la République socialiste du Viêt Nam
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in 1940. He also became an attaché to the staff of the
227:, both communist Resistance members, were friends with
1141:"Raymond Aubrac, French Resistance leader, dies at 97"
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He served as a technical adviser to the government of
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where he had the opportunity to follow the courses of
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3 (son Jean-Pierre, daughters Catherine and Élisabeth)
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Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
1371:"French Resistance figure Raymond Aubrac dead at 97"
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presided over the ceremony. Three cabinet ministers—
263:. His parents were shop owners. In 1939, he married
205:, 31 July 1914 – 10 April 2012) was a member of the
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693:Raymond's daughter, Élisabeth Aubrac, and his wife
765:Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France
1513:War, Exile, Justice, and Everyday Life, 1936–1946
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945:(in French), Paris: Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier
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213:. A civil engineer by trade, he assisted General
1627:Members of the Provisional Consultative Assembly
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1515:. Reno: University of Nevada. pp. 191–224.
1461:"French reisistance fighter Raymond Aubrac dies"
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370:, secretly meeting in a doctor's surgery in the
271:Graduate studies in Paris and the United States
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743:Aubrac died on 10 April 2012, aged 97, in the
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1667:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
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1307:"French Resistance legend Aubrac dies at 97"
648:In 1996, Aubrac published his autobiography
557:, which has just attained independence from
542:(FAO) from 1964 to 1975. In 1978, he joined
395:
1278:"Raymond Aubrac: How I tricked the Gestapo"
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990:"Raymond Aubrac: How I tricked the Gestapo"
682:Aubrac was survived by his three children.
564:Aubrac was to be used in the late 1960s by
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1183:"French Committee for National Liberation"
888:"Obituary: Lucie Aubrac | World news"
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583:, on the followup to the signing of the
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1662:French prisoners of war in World War II
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170: 1939; died 2007)
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662:Aubrac endorsed the Socialist Party's
279:, he became an intern in Paris at the
113:École nationale des ponts et chaussées
1657:French Army personnel of World War II
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1252:"Raymond Aubrac, la dernière évasion"
312:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
121:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1637:Human Rights League (France) members
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1195:10.1093/acref/9780198604464.001.0001
1187:The Oxford Companion to World War II
1180:
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963:Network, Good News (12 April 2012).
937:Douzou, Laurent (2 September 2021),
731:Officier de l'Ordre Ouissam alaouite
297:People's Democratic Republic of Laos
1697:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
1537:Schofield, Hugh (27 January 2012).
441:on 20 January 1944 and died there.
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1707:Recipients of the Resistance Medal
616:Shortly before his death in 1990,
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1459:Journal, Jewish (12 April 2012).
1414:Jackson, Julian (16 March 2007).
1068:Jackson, Julian (15 April 2012).
851:anthem "Le Chant des Partisans".
540:Food and Agriculture Organization
485:Provisional Consultative Assembly
483:had been appointed to sit in the
135:Provisional Consultative Assembly
1647:École des Ponts ParisTech alumni
886:Julian Jackson (16 March 2007).
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1139:Langer, Emily (15 April 2012).
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591:. In 1975, he was employed by
499:, who was accused of betraying
356:Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie
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141:(1944–1945), co-founder of the
1677:Escapees from German detention
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652:("Where the memory lingers").
382:officers, under the orders of
306:scholarship, he left for the
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1687:Jews in the French resistance
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609:Des terroristes Ă la retraite
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137:in Algiers, commissionner in
1632:Prefects of Bouches-du-RhĂ´ne
777:HĂ´tel national des Invalides
575:In 1973, he worked with the
519:came to France to negotiate
446:commissaire de la république
235:solicited his help amid the
7:
1189:, Oxford University Press,
821:Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac
739:Death, tributes and funeral
587:in January 1973 to end the
310:in August 1937 to study at
291:, future figurehead of the
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837:Fondation de la RĂ©sistance
728:Chevalier du MĂ©rite social
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403:He and Lucie later joined
239:to establish contact with
1692:Members of Liberation-Sud
1682:French Resistance members
1070:"Raymond Aubrac obituary"
723:MĂ©daille de la RĂ©sistance
718:Croix de guerre 1939–1945
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425:Boulevard des hirondelles
285:École des ponts ParisTech
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1642:Lycée Saint-Louis alumni
1622:20th-century French Jews
1511:". In Sandra Ott (ed.).
1509:Terrorists in Retirement
1170:. London. 13 April 2012.
1027:. London. 11 April 2012.
511:Aubrac's relations with
390:as the commander of the
231:; US Secretary of State
763:, the president of the
650:Où la mémoire s'attarde
599:, Aubrac witnessed the
452:. The mission of these
334:at the outbreak of the
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435:Concentration Camp by
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304:American Field Service
223:. Aubrac and his wife
133:leader, member of the
1488:. AFP. Archived from
1309:. AFP. Archived from
917:Spartacus Educational
831:based in London) and
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672:presidential election
561:, from 1958 to 1963.
473:After the end of the
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346:. He adopted several
1652:French Army officers
1492:on 5 September 2012.
1250:Vallaeys, BĂ©atrice.
143:Mouvement de la Paix
1582:The Daily Telegraph
1373:. Associated Press.
1145:The Washington Post
1025:The Daily Telegraph
943:SAMUEL Raymond, dit
819:were also present.
585:Paris Peace Accords
579:Secretary-General,
409:government in exile
388:Charles Delestraint
215:Charles Delestraint
189:Grand Cross of the
1617:People from Vesoul
1501:Books and articles
835:(president of the
825:Free French Forces
711:Grand-croix de la
703:
670:'s 2012 two-round
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316:Harvard University
283:, and entered the
117:Harvard University
1522:978-1-935709-09-1
1284:. 28 January 2012
1204:978-0-19-860446-4
1126:Los Angeles Times
996:. 28 January 2012
969:Good News Network
860:Salornay-sur-Guye
849:French Resistance
823:(a member of the
805:François Hollande
769:François Hollande
664:François Hollande
657:French Resistance
626:Aubrac, Lyon 1943
513:Charles de Gaulle
405:Charles de Gaulle
340:French Resistance
320:Joseph Schumpeter
281:Lycée Saint-Louis
207:French Resistance
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1128:. 12 April 2012.
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1584:. 11 April 2012
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1564:. 11 April 2012
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1346:. 12 April 2012
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1102:. 12 April 2012
1100:The Independent
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566:Henry Kissinger
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1465:Jewish Journal
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829:France Libre
787:. President
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67:(2012-04-10)
50:31 July 1914
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1607:1914 births
1327:Bowles 2011
1258:(in French)
1231:(in French)
858:village of
843:choir sang
841:French Army
699:Ho Chi Minh
684:Ho Chi Minh
622:Jean Moulin
589:Vietnam War
570:Vietnam War
517:Ho Chi Minh
501:Jean Moulin
422:(1997) and
368:Jean Moulin
344:French Army
257:Haute-SaĂ´ne
237:Vietnam War
229:Ho Chi Minh
217:within the
91:Nationality
1601:Categories
1580:. London:
1562:Libération
1548:27 January
1256:Libération
1229:Libération
1106:15 January
897:15 January
866:References
856:Burgundian
845:a cappella
755:President
634:Libération
497:René Hardy
397:résistants
374:suburb of
314:(MIT) and
275:After the
247:Early life
1428:0261-3077
450:Marseille
433:Auschwitz
293:communist
139:Marseille
99:Education
1588:11 April
1568:11 April
1470:26 March
1433:26 March
1350:26 March
1288:26 March
1282:BBC News
1262:26 March
1235:26 March
1210:26 March
1080:15 April
1076:. London
1048:26 March
1000:26 March
994:BBC News
974:26 March
949:26 March
922:26 March
813:Eva Joly
178:Children
75:, France
56:, France
750:Caluire
597:Vietnam
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538:-based
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505:Gestapo
503:to the
469:Postwar
380:Gestapo
376:Caluire
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701:, 1946
678:Family
668:France
559:France
544:UNESCO
360:Milice
253:Vesoul
203:Samuel
201:(born
186:Awards
150:Spouse
94:French
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781:Paris
697:with
378:when
261:Crest
225:Lucie
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1590:2012
1570:2012
1550:2012
1517:ISBN
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1424:ISSN
1396:ISBN
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1199:ISBN
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