27:
1081:
1332:
254:. The Germans distributed thousands of copies of the poster around the city to encourage Parisians to think of the partisans as criminal foreigners and "not French", and discourage resistance; instead, the red posters inspired citizens to more actions. Some marked the posters with phrases such as
556:
The 35th
Brigade then called themselves the Brigade Marcel Langer in his honor. Eighteen members were arrested by the Vichy police and handed over to the Germans. Two died of unknown causes on the train transporting them to be deported. Four were shot.
208:
The FTP-MOI are particularly well known because of the highly publicized trial of numerous members of the
Manouchian Group. Tracked, arrested and interrogated by the French police, the show trial of the 23 members was held in front of a German
570:
wrote a postwar novel referring to the FTP-MOI in Paris. He had also served in the
Resistance, first with the FTP-MOI, and then with the FTP after he joined the Communist Party. He was captured and deported, but survived internment at
217:. It began on 17 February 1944, lasted between two and four days, and after a 30-minute deliberation, the court reached the following verdict: All of the accused were condemned to death, with no possibility of appeal.
2711:
697:
Marc BRAFMAN(*), « Les origines, les motivations, l’action et les destins des combattants juifs (parmi d’autres immigrés) de la 35e
Brigade FTP-MOI de Marcel Langer, Toulouse 1942-1944 », in :
2715:
865:
248:
Following the trial and executions, the
Germans created a poster with a red background, featuring ten men of the Manouchian group with their names, photos and alleged crimes; it became known as
622:. About actions of the FTP-MOI in Lyon and Grenoble. A video documentary by Claude and Denis Collins Cugnot, the title was taken from the poem/song "L'affiche rouge" (Words: Louis Aragon
1003:
1862:
828:
178:
The FTP-MOI were among the most active and determined of the resistance groups; particularly because they were foreigners and mostly Jews, they were under the direct watch of the
1781:
805:
738:
1898:
601:
in 1983, included interviews of surviving FTP-MOI members and families of the victims. It accused the
Communist Party in France (PCF) of betraying the Manouchian Group.
543:, to which Marcel (Mendel) Langer, head of the regional FTP-MOI, had claimed to belong. In February 1943, Langer was arrested carrying explosives. He was tried by the
1817:
1880:
2259:
2002:
1772:
190:
and death. Because they depended directly on the
Comintern, with Duclos as their intermediary, they were often on the front line when the order to fight came from
509:
1995:
1590:
1476:
1465:
1021:
228:
was suspended for further enquiry and because French law prohibited executing women by firing squad. In a new sentence passed on her birthday of 10 May 1944 at
479:
155:
Members also included other immigrants, especially many young
Hungarian writers, artists and intellectuals. Among them were the painter Sándor Józsa; sculptor
504:
519:
350:
1177:
652:-based filmmaker of German and Armenian parentage, it was adapted from a story by Serge Le PĂ©ron. It reflects some of the divisions among the RĂ©sistance.
404:
368:
1320:
2791:
911:
380:
2817:
2295:
1631:
422:
172:
484:
2335:
1219:
374:
344:
2495:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2243:
2188:
1313:
514:
98:
1047:
232:, she was condemned to death. She was beheaded shortly after the sentencing. One accused, Migratulski, was transferred to French jurisdiction.
2632:
499:
494:
398:
2103:
1608:
2646:
915:
489:
338:
2300:
2040:
1760:
1069:
2505:
2285:
1212:
2832:
2490:
2251:
1184:
2725:
797:
1871:
1038:
2757:
1292:
2170:
2827:
2510:
932:
2720:
2485:
1255:
553:, Lespinasse, demanded his execution and, on 21 March 1943, Langer was sentenced to death. He was executed on 23 July 1943.
2786:
2328:
2206:
1639:
1600:
1437:
1271:
2228:
623:
2730:
2696:
1546:
2545:
2520:
2290:
2135:
1835:
1563:
1299:
1306:
70:
48:
774:
419:– Armenian. Tchakarian, the last surviving member of the Manouchian Group, died on 4 August 2018, at the age of 101.
41:
2701:
2611:
2075:
1693:
1012:
1555:
593:
2321:
1077:
1062:
707:
Ecrire pour les autres. Mémoires d’une résistante. Les antifascistes italiens en Lot-et-Garonne sous l’occupation
286:. Holban commanded the group again from December 1943 to August 1944. The armed group had the following members:
1591:
160:
2653:
2618:
1733:
1748:
616:
Liberté, guérilla urbaine à Lyon et
Grenoble Francs-Tireurs et Partisans de la Main-d’œuvre Immigrée (FTP-MOI)
2236:
2061:
1740:
1520:
1511:
1205:
102:
2525:
2515:
2462:
2220:
1503:
1170:
1156:
89:
951:
STEPHEN HOLDEN, "'The Army of Crime': Outsiders in French
Society, Battling Occupiers and Collaborators"
950:
2280:
2068:
1486:
1477:
1135:
1055:
2691:
2535:
1285:
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1808:
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1889:
1430:
1423:
1379:
1226:
35:
2660:
1580:
1571:
2560:
1826:
1494:
1372:
922:, 72 minutes, compagnie des Phares et Balises en collaboration avec la Fondation Gabriel PĂ©ri et
145:
1799:
1669:
1043:
2822:
2751:
2362:
2344:
2047:
1953:
1932:
1386:
1365:
1358:
1278:
540:
205:. After Manouchian was arrested in 1943 and executed in February 1944, Holban took over again.
133:
52:
1939:
1717:
1191:
849:
132:. Their ranks were filled with foreign communists living in France who were not part of the
2706:
2577:
2082:
2029:
1710:
1407:
1198:
1121:
194:. The various French groups were more attentive to the French national political climate.
721:
Marcel Langer, une vie de combats. 1903-1943. Juif, communiste, résistant... et guillotiné
645:
588:
416:
214:
113:
8:
2769:
2456:
2199:
2149:
2089:
1703:
1149:
1107:
1100:
850:"'Art proscrit' (Száműszött művészet), Exposition à Budapest du 17 avril au 15 aout 2010"
326:
929:
685:
La guerre de partisans dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, 1942–1944. La 35e Brigade FTP-MOI
545:
97:. A wing composed mostly of foreigners, the MOI maintained an armed force to oppose the
2142:
1960:
1919:
1790:
1684:
1655:
1454:
1233:
1114:
250:
1662:
1528:
2540:
2121:
2054:
1724:
1331:
1262:
1244:
1088:
640:
386:
332:
290:
283:
210:
202:
156:
94:
2398:
1647:
1537:
924:
278:
from April 1942 to July 1943. From July 1943 to November 1943, the group was led by
2812:
2566:
2444:
2432:
2213:
1414:
1400:
1163:
1142:
1128:
983:
314:
109:
2604:
2587:
1844:
567:
356:
221:
2550:
2011:
1988:
1967:
1907:
936:
434:
362:
308:
2394:
539:
The 35th Brigade took its name from the thirty-five divisions of gunners of the
474:
164:
2500:
2468:
2438:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
1616:
801:
410:
279:
141:
2390:
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2582:
2384:
2274:
2177:
1446:
769:
428:
392:
302:
243:
2572:
2156:
2018:
1981:
1974:
829:"Adam Rayski, responsable de la section juive du Parti communiste français"
525:
469:
275:
198:
179:
168:
988:
971:
631:, a documentary produced by Denis Peschanski and Jorge Amat, broadcast by
159:(Étienne Hajdu); journalists László Kőrösi and Imre Gyomra; photographers
2763:
2639:
2313:
2128:
1946:
1351:
1342:
1080:
896:
856:, Budapest: Holokauszt Emlékközpont (HDKE), 2010, accessed 30 August 2010
320:
296:
225:
187:
149:
2674:
2555:
2450:
1623:
1028:
884:
Source : F.F.I. – F.T.P.F., p. 104, et P. Robrieux, pp. 325 et 347
572:
183:
692:
Ni travail, ni famille, ni patrie. Journal d’une brigade F.T.P.-M.O.I.
664:
Carmagnole et Liberté. Les étrangers dans la Résistance en Rhône-Alpes
852:, Blog des Mardis hongrois (French), reprinted from Török Zsuzsanna,
733:
649:
598:
229:
632:
462:
798:"French foreign-resistance fighter Arsene Tchakarian dies at 101"
606:
Ni travail, ni famille, ni patrie – Journal d’une brigade FTP-MOÏ
182:
and the Germans. Without maintaining strict secrecy, they risked
730:, t. 3 « Le Vent des Fous », Ed. Signes du monde, 1994
714:
Autopsy of a Battle, the Allied Liberation of the French Riviera
578:
There have been numerous portrayals of the Resistance in novels.
644:(2009) features the story of the Manouchian Group. Directed by
614:(Foreigners and yet our brothers) – 2x26mn (1994), First part:
191:
972:"Les italiens dans la M.O.I et les FTP-MOI Ă Lyon et Grenoble"
635:
on 15 March 2007, refuted Courtois and Boucault's allegations.
125:
760:(*) Former member of the 35 Brigade FTP-MOI "Marcel Langer"
441:
454:
887:
875:, Holocaust Museum (HDKE), Budapest, accessed 7 Sep 2010
754:
L'Affaire Manouchian – Vie et mort d'un héros communiste
694:, Toulouse, 1942–1944, Paris : Calmann-Lévy, 1994
777:(An Austrian communist resistance network in Belgium)
220:
All but two were shot immediately on 21 February at
608:(1993), documentary about the Toulouse 35th Brigade
85:
Francs-tireurs et partisans – main-d'œuvre immigrée
266:
673:, Paris : Les éditeurs français réunis, 1953
148:(Comintern). The national manager of the MOI was
2804:
2712:Federation of Marxist-Leninist Circles in France
620:Carmagnole : l’insurrection de Villeurbanne
531:
99:German occupation of France during World War II
2329:
1063:
2496:French Section of the Workers' International
1013:"Evidence of LĂ©on Landini, president of the
705:Damira TITONEL-ASPERTI(*), Carmela MALTONE,
976:Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains
261:
152:, who recommended members for the FTP-MOI.
108:The last surviving member of the FTP-MOI's
2716:Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of France
2647:La Bretagne ouvrière, paysanne et maritime
2343:
2336:
2322:
1070:
1056:
843:
709:, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 1999
197:The Parisian groups were initially led by
2491:List of French Communist Party congresses
987:
124:The FTP-MOI groups were organized in the
105:was the "Immigrant Movement" of the FTP.
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
2818:French Resistance networks and movements
2726:Convention for a Progressive Alternative
957:, 19 Aug 2010, accessed 17 November 2010
826:
128:region in 1941, at the same time as the
34:This article includes a list of general
2758:French Committee of National Liberation
1293:French Committee of National Liberation
820:
742:, Paris: Editions Robert Laffont, 2007.
625:. Music: Jean Ferrat, Maurice Vandair).
93:(FTP) organization, a component of the
2805:
2633:L'Enchaîné du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais
2511:Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France
969:
2486:History of the French Communist Party
2317:
1609:Organisation de résistance de l'armée
1256:Charles de Gaulle during World War II
1051:
1035:group (French), Herbert Herz Website]
560:
1272:Departmental Committee of Liberation
827:Courtois, Stéphane (19 March 2008).
792:
790:
702:, n° 152, pp. 79–95, 09-12/1994
274:The group in Paris was commanded by
140:, these groups depended directly on
20:
2731:Pole of Communist Revival in France
549:of the Toulouse appeals court. The
13:
2721:Workers' Communist Party of France
2546:National Council of the Resistance
2521:National Front (French Resistance)
1330:
1300:National Council of the Resistance
963:
808:from the original on 6 August 2018
87:(FTP-MOI) were a sub-group of the
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2844:
2252:Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération
2229:MĂ©morial de la France combattante
1307:Provisional Consultative Assembly
997:
787:
680:, Paris : Calmann-LĂ©vy, 1970
669:Claude LEVY(*), Raymond LEVY(*),
16:Sub-goup in the French Resistance
2833:1944 disestablishments in France
2612:Le Travailleur de Lot-et-Garonne
1694:Organisation civile et militaire
1079:
687:, Paris : L’Harmattan, 1992
612:Étrangers et nos frères pourtant
235:
201:, then the poet turned activist
144:, who passed on orders from the
25:
747:Pages de gloire des vingt-trois
656:
136:. Although integrated with the
2619:Le Travailleur du Centre Ouest
944:
905:
878:
859:
775:Ă–sterreichische Freiheitsfront
728:Chronique des bords de Garonne
723:, Toulouse : Privat, 2003
582:
1:
2828:1941 establishments in France
2237:Museum of National Resistance
1521:French Forces of the Interior
781:
594:Des terroristes Ă la retraite
528:was a member of both groups.
1004:LĂ©on Landini, member of the
920:La traque de l’Affiche rouge
629:La traque de l’Affiche rouge
444:Compagnie Carmagnole-Liberté
7:
2526:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
2516:Union of Communist Students
2301:Righteous Among the Nations
1749:Union des femmes françaises
1504:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
763:
749:, Paris: Immigration, 1951.
678:Les parias de la résistance
604:Mosco Boucault (director),
465:had the following members:
130:Francs-tireurs et partisans
90:Francs-tireurs et partisans
10:
2849:
2697:Workers and Peasants Party
1741:Housewives' demonstrations
1015:Amicale Carmagnole-Liberté
241:
119:
2779:
2744:
2692:Socialist-Communist Union
2684:
2596:
2536:Union of Russian Patriots
2478:
2353:
2269:
2187:
2113:
2028:
1918:
1759:
1464:
1341:
1328:
1286:French National Committee
1243:
1095:
901:Souviens-toi des déportes
873:, 17 April to 15 Aug 2010
739:Les enfants de la liberté
2736:Movement of Progressives
2626:Le Travailleur du Loiret
2164:Marie-Madeleine Fourcade
2097:Liberation of Strasbourg
1512:FTP–Foreign Labour Force
1431:Companions of Liberation
1424:1st Free French Division
1039:"Affiche Rouge" (French)
935:15 November 2008 at the
262:Structure of the FTP-MOI
258:(They died for France.)
2702:Proletarian Unity Party
2561:Institut Maurice Thorez
970:Collin, Claude (2005).
146:Communist International
116:, died in August 2018.
55:more precise citations.
2668:Les Lettres Françaises
2363:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
2346:French Communist Party
2296:Networks and movements
2260:Free France Foundation
2221:Medal of the Righteous
2104:Provisional Government
2048:French Liberation Army
1954:Empire Defense Council
1933:Brazzaville Conference
1854:Les Lettres Françaises
1809:Les Éditions de Minuit
1387:French Liberation Army
1335:
1279:Empire Defense Council
756:, Paris: Fayard, 1986.
541:International Brigades
161:André (Andras) Steiner
134:French Communist Party
2661:Le Prolétaire normand
2244:Museums and memorials
1940:Brazzaville manifesto
1581:Ceux de la RĂ©sistance
1572:Ceux de la Libération
1334:
989:10.3917/gmcc.218.0067
690:GĂ©rard de VERBIZIER,
256:Morts pour la France!
112:, resistance fighter
103:Main-d'œuvre immigrée
2780:Parliamentary groups
2707:French Popular Party
2083:Liberation of France
1800:DĂ©fense de la France
1670:Confrérie Notre-Dame
1008:group (French vidéo)
683:Jean-Yves BOURSIER,
591:and Mosco Boucault,
480:Jacques Viktorovitch
457:and the armed group
224:. The execution of
2457:Marie-George Buffet
2200:Order of Liberation
2150:Charles Delestraint
2090:Liberation of Paris
1899:La Vérité française
1890:Témoignage chrétien
854:Száműszött művészet
752:Philippe Robrieux,
745:F.F.I. – F.T.P.F.,
712:Jean-Loup GASSEND,
566:The Spanish writer
510:LĂ©opold Rabinovitch
327:Maurice Fingercwajg
2143:Pierre Brossolette
1961:Free French Africa
1455:Free French Africa
1359:Free French Forces
1336:
1033:Carmagnole-Liberté
1022:Patriote RĂ©sistant
1006:Carmagnole-Liberté
955:The New York Times
930:Resume of the film
871:Belated Homecoming
671:Une histoire vraie
638:The dramatic film
561:In popular culture
520:Francis Chapochnik
351:Elise Gerchinovitz
341:– Jewish Hungarian
323:– Jewish Hungarian
305:– Jewish Hungarian
2800:
2799:
2787:National Assembly
2541:French Resistance
2355:General Secretary
2311:
2310:
2281:French Resistance
2136:Emmanuel d'Astier
2122:Charles de Gaulle
2069:General de Lattre
2041:Kieffer commandos
1863:Libération (nord)
1263:Appeal of 18 June
1089:French Resistance
804:. 5 August 2018.
646:Robert Guédiguian
589:Stéphane Courtois
532:Toulouse region,
417:Arsène Tchakarian
405:Antonio Salvadori
387:Missak Manouchian
369:Stanislas Kubacki
333:Spartaco Fontanot
299:– Jewish Romanian
291:Celestino Alfonso
284:Missak Manouchian
269:Groupe Manouchian
215:HĂ´tel Continental
211:military tribunal
203:Missak Manouchian
114:Arsène Tchakarian
95:French Resistance
81:
80:
73:
2840:
2654:La Voix de l'Est
2578:Marxism–Leninism
2567:Programme commun
2479:Related articles
2445:Georges Marchais
2433:Georges Marchais
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2214:Resistance Medal
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2171:Jean-Pierre LĂ©vy
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1989:March battalions
1984:
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1872:Libération (sud)
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912:Denis Peschanski
909:
903:
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857:
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838:
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818:
817:
815:
813:
794:
719:Greg LAMAZERES,
716:, Schiffer, 2014
676:Claude LEVY(*),
641:L'Armée du crime
546:section spéciale
505:LĂ©on Rabinovitch
449:The armed group
381:Cesare Luccarini
317:— French Italian
315:Rino Della Negra
110:Manouchian Group
76:
69:
65:
62:
56:
51:this article by
42:inline citations
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2076:General Leclerc
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2031:
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2017:
2012:Operation Marie
2010:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1968:French Cameroon
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1921:
1914:
1908:La Voix du Nord
1905:
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1547:Mouvements unis
1544:
1535:
1529:Libération-Nord
1526:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1485:
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964:Further reading
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662:Claude COLLIN,
659:
618:, Second part:
597:, broadcast by
585:
563:
537:
447:
435:Robert Witchitz
423:Amadeo Usseglio
363:Szlama Grzywacz
311:– French Breton
309:Georges Cloarec
272:
264:
251:l'Affiche Rouge
246:
240:
173:Ladislas Mandel
122:
77:
66:
60:
57:
47:Please help to
46:
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26:
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5:
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2798:
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2772:(2008–present)
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2501:Tours Congress
2498:
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2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2471:(2018–present)
2469:Fabien Roussel
2466:
2463:Pierre Laurent
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2439:Waldeck Rochet
2436:
2430:
2427:Waldeck Rochet
2424:
2421:Maurice Thorez
2418:
2415:Jacques Duclos
2412:
2409:Maurice Thorez
2406:
2403:Maurice Thorez
2399:Benoît Frachon
2388:
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2100:
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2079:
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2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1836:Front National
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1757:
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1753:
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1643:
1636:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1604:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1564:National Front
1560:
1551:
1542:
1538:Libération-Sud
1533:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1499:
1490:
1472:
1470:
1462:
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1442:
1427:
1420:
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1418:
1411:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1373:Army of Africa
1369:
1355:
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1195:
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1060:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1029:"Herbert Herz"
1026:
1025:, 2002, FNDIRP
1010:
999:
998:External links
996:
995:
994:
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959:
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802:Deutsche Welle
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609:
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551:avocat général
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472:
446:
440:
439:
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432:
426:
420:
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411:Willy Schapiro
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
378:
375:Arpen Tavitian
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
345:Jonas Geduldig
342:
336:
330:
324:
318:
312:
306:
300:
294:
280:Joseph Epstein
271:
267:Paris region,
265:
263:
260:
242:Main article:
239:
234:
171:; and printer
142:Jacques Duclos
121:
118:
79:
78:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2845:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Affiche Rouge
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2752:Popular Front
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
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2717:
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2655:
2651:
2649:
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2644:
2642:
2641:
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2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
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2620:
2616:
2614:
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2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:
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2588:Cité Gagarine
2586:
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2583:Eurocommunism
2581:
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2386:
2385:Pierre Semard
2383:
2380:
2379:Louis Sellier
2377:
2374:
2373:Albert Treint
2370:
2369:Louis Sellier
2367:
2364:
2361:
2360:
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2279:Categories: (
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2201:
2197:
2196:
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2186:
2179:
2178:Pierre Villon
2175:
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2013:
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1685:Armée secrète
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902:
898:
897:"Olga Bancic"
890:
881:
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855:
851:
846:
830:
823:
807:
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799:
793:
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770:Affiche rouge
768:
767:
761:
755:
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748:
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735:
732:
729:
725:
722:
718:
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708:
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700:Le Monde juif
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568:Jorge SemprĂşn
565:
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515:Paul Mossovic
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442:Lyon region,
436:
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430:
429:Wolf Wajsbrot
427:
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400:
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393:Marcel Rayman
391:
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357:LĂ©on Goldberg
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303:Joseph Boczov
301:
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288:
287:
285:
281:
277:
270:
259:
257:
253:
252:
245:
244:Affiche rouge
238:
237:Affiche rouge
233:
231:
227:
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222:Mont-Valérien
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61:November 2010
54:
50:
44:
43:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2597:Publications
2573:Unitary Left
2565:
2529:
2506:Headquarters
2395:Pierre CĂ©lor
2250:
2227:
2157:Henri Frenay
2019:Ubangi-Shari
1982:French Gabon
1975:French Congo
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1827:Franc-Tireur
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1747:
1711:Jade-Fitzroy
1692:
1683:
1646:
1630:
1607:
1579:
1570:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1502:
1495:Franc-Tireur
1493:
1445:
1086:
1032:
1020:
1014:
1005:
982:(2): 67–83.
979:
975:
954:
946:
923:
919:
907:
900:
889:
880:
870:
867:Art in Exile
866:
861:
853:
845:
833:. Retrieved
822:
810:. Retrieved
759:
753:
746:
737:
727:
726:Henri SOUM,
720:
713:
706:
699:
691:
684:
677:
670:
663:
657:Bibliography
639:
628:
619:
615:
611:
605:
592:
555:
550:
544:
538:
534:35th Brigade
533:
526:Herbert Herz
524:
500:Max Tzwangue
495:Elie Amselem
485:LĂ©on Landini
475:LĂ©on Centner
470:Herbert Herz
458:
450:
448:
443:
431:– Polish Jew
413:– Polish Jew
399:Roger Rouxel
395:– Polish Jew
365:– Polish Jew
359:– Polish Jew
353:– French Jew
347:– Polish Jew
329:– Polish Jew
276:Boris Holban
273:
268:
255:
249:
247:
236:
219:
207:
199:Boris Holban
196:
180:Vichy regime
177:
169:Ervin Marton
165:Lucien Hervé
157:István Hajdú
154:
137:
129:
123:
107:
88:
84:
82:
67:
58:
39:
18:
2766:(1997–2002)
2764:Plural Left
2760:(1940–1947)
2754:(1936–1938)
2685:Derivatives
2640:Front rouge
2465:(2010–2018)
2459:(2001–2010)
2453:(1994–2001)
2447:(1972–1994)
2435:(1969–1972)
2429:(1964–1969)
2423:(1953–1964)
2417:(1950–1953)
2411:(1930–1950)
2405:(1929–1930)
2391:Henri Barbé
2387:(1924–1929)
2375:(1923–1924)
2365:(1921–1923)
2189:Museums and
2129:Jean Moulin
1947:French Chad
1761:Underground
1704:Jade-Amicol
1352:Free France
1343:Free France
1247:and control
1143:Netherlands
940:(in French)
894:(in French)
666:, PUG, 2000
583:Filmography
321:Thomas Elek
297:Olga Bancic
226:Olga Bancic
188:deportation
150:Adam Rayski
53:introducing
2807:Categories
2770:Left Front
2675:Pif Gadget
2605:L'Humanité
2451:Robert Hue
2207:Companions
2030:Liberation
1881:RĂ©sistance
1845:L'Humanité
1773:Bir-Hakeim
1656:Mithridate
1632:CdL Cinéma
1624:Comet Line
1468:operations
1408:Bir Hakeim
1234:Yugoslavia
1192:Luxembourg
925:L’Humanité
916:Jorge Amat
831:. Le Monde
782:References
573:Buchenwald
490:Simon Fryd
451:Carmagnole
389:– Armenian
377:– Armenian
339:Imre Glasz
293:– Spaniard
184:internment
36:references
2191:Memorials
2032:of France
1478:Movements
1366:Air Force
1199:Macedonia
1185:Lithuania
812:28 August
734:Marc Levy
650:Marseille
599:Antenne 2
425:— Italian
407:– Italian
383:– Italian
335:– Italian
230:Stuttgart
2055:1st Army
1818:L'Espoir
1782:Bulletin
1663:Morhange
1601:Alliance
1592:Networks
1466:Domestic
1245:Creation
1227:Slovakia
1122:Bulgaria
933:Archived
928:, 2006.
869:series:
806:Archived
764:See also
633:France 2
463:Grenoble
437:– French
401:– French
371:– Polish
2813:FTP-MOI
2745:Related
2530:FTP-MOI
2291:Members
2114:Leaders
1725:Vercors
1678:Others:
1434:
1395:Battles
1220:Romania
1157:Germany
1150:Estonia
1136:Denmark
1115:Belgium
1108:Austria
1101:Albania
459:Liberté
213:at the
120:History
49:improve
2792:Senate
2441:(1972)
2381:(1924)
2275:Portal
2062:2nd DB
2003:Second
1924:Africa
1922:French
1791:Combat
1718:Maquis
1617:Brutus
1487:Combat
1415:Gazala
1401:Koufra
1213:Poland
1206:Norway
1178:Latvia
1164:Greece
835:1 July
192:Moscow
167:, and
101:. The
38:, but
2286:Films
1996:First
1763:media
1734:Women
1171:Italy
1129:Czech
126:Paris
2556:MRAP
2401:and
2371:and
1920:Free
1438:List
1380:Navy
1321:DGER
1314:BCRA
837:2021
814:2018
648:, a
455:Lyon
282:and
83:The
1648:Fer
1640:CLD
984:doi
980:218
461:in
453:in
138:FTP
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