3856:
lavatories. In 1976, for instance, the communist mayor of
Sarcelles, Henry Canacos, was named "best mayor in the Paris region" by Vie Publique (a trade periodical for urban planners and administrators) for enriching Sarcelles' public spaces with new restaurants, movie theatres, cafes, more parks, a large shopping mall, and better transportation. Education also became, in the words of one text, an "identifiable characteristic of Communist government at the local level". A study of municipal budgets that was completed in 1975 (but using data from 1968) found that while Communist local government spent 34% less than non-Communist Left governments and 36% less than moderate-Right governments for maintenance, it nevertheless spent 49% more than moderate Right governments and 36% more than non-Communist Left governments for education and educational support.
45:
2449:
8162:
8067:
430:
8138:
7874:
3513:, opposed Hue and Buffet's leadership: they did not support the PCF's presidential candidates in 2002 and 2007, and they clamored for the re-foundation of the PCF as part of a broader left-wing movements including left-wing Greens, ecosocialists, the far-left, social movements and left-wing associations. Despite the creation of the Left Front, the reformists led by Braouezec left the PCF in 2010 and joined the small Federation for a Social and Ecological Alternative (FASE) which is now a component of the Left Front.
8114:
8267:
8091:
3074:
leadership between congresses; and the executive committee, which is charged with applying the national council's decisions. The national-secretary is elected by delegates at the congress. Likewise, the national council is elected by list voting at every congress. A reform of statutes in 2001 has allowed "alternative texts" â dissent from the text proposed by the PCF leadership â to be presented and voted on; dissident lists to those backed by the leadership may also run for the national council.
2016:
8352:
8021:
7980:
8388:
8179:
8033:
7850:
7898:
8340:
8316:
8304:
8292:
8255:
8214:
8009:
7992:
7956:
7886:
7862:
7838:
7826:
8126:
8079:
8328:
7944:
8243:
7932:
8376:
8364:
8226:
7915:
2512:'s leadership after 1994, the PCF's ideology and internal organization underwent major changes. Hue clearly rejected the Soviet model, and reserved very harsh criticism for Soviet leaders who had "rejected, for years, human rights and 'bourgeois' democracy" and had oppressed individual liberties and aspirations. Today, the PCF considers the Soviet Union as a 'perversion' of the communist model and unambiguously rejects
8150:
7968:
8191:
8045:
5249:
5221:
5193:
5165:
5137:
5082:
5054:
4941:
4913:
4885:
4857:
4829:
4801:
4773:
4745:
4717:
4689:
4661:
4633:
4605:
4577:
4549:
4521:
4493:
4465:
4437:
4406:
4375:
4347:
4319:
4291:
4165:
4121:
4089:
4057:
3998:
3966:
3922:
206:
5110:
5027:
4264:
4030:
2213:, a position that was isolated in the French political landscape at the time. The Intercolonial Union, created in 1922, brought together activists from the French colonies around demands for political equality (the right to vote) and social equality ("equal pay for equal work"). The communists thus called for fraternization with the Moroccan insurgents during the
3052:
that it had 134,000 members of which 79,000 were up to date on their membership fees. In the 2011 internal primary, 69,277 members were registered to vote and 48,631 (70.2%) did so. The party likely has about 70,000 members as of today, but only about 40 to 50 thousand seem to actively participate in the party's organization and political activities.
3855:
During the course of the 20th century, the French communists were considered to be pioneers in local government, providing not only efficient street lighting and clean streets, but also public entertainment, public housing, municipal swimming pools, day nurseries, children's playgrounds, and public
3051:
Since the PCF's decline began in the 1970s, however, it has seen its membership base slowly dry up and its allied organizations disappear or distance themselves from the party. The PCF claimed 520,000 members in 1978; 330,000 in 1987; 270,000 in 1996; and 133,000 in 2002. In 2008, the party claimed
2893:
France is one country, one nation, one people. We protest indignantly against such ridiculous and odious allegations. For us, as for all the citizens of our country, every man and woman of French nationality is French. Every attempt using hazardous criteria which borders on racism in an ill-defined
2624:
alternative. It emphasizes human emancipation, the development of "each and every one", the right to happiness and the equal dignity of each human being regardless of gender, race or sexual orientation. The party further posits that such an egalitarian society is impossible within capitalism, which
3229:
There are no formal organized factions or political groupings within the PCF. This was originally due to the practice of democratic centralism, but even after the democratization of the PCF structure after 1994 the ban on the organization of formal factions within the party remained. According to
3115:
in 1904 as the socialist movement's mouthpiece, and it followed the communist majority following the split in 1920. After having been the official newspaper of the PCF, with a readership of up to 100,000 in 1945, the newspaper's readership and sales declined substantially partly due to the PCF's
2611:
The text adopted at the XXXVI Congress in
February 2013 reiterated the party's call on the need to "overcome" capitalism, fiercely denounced by the PCF as having led to "savage competition", "the devastation of the planet" and "barbarism". It contrasts its vision of capitalism with its proposed
3246:
and supports the continued existence of the PCF, but with the need for internal transformations. Vis-Ă -vis the PS, the PCF leadership has taken a more autonomous stance but it still sees the PS as a potential electoral partner (in runoff elections or in local elections) and even as a potential
3073:
and allowing for the public expression of disapproval or dissent with the party line or leadership. The party's top posts, like that of 'secretary-general', were renamed (secretary-general became national-secretary). The party, since 2000, is now led by a national council, which serves as the
2536:
and feminism as "the rubbish of capitalism" in the 1970s, the PCF now supports gay rights and feminism. In the 1980s, the PCF supported reducing the age of consent for homosexual relationships, and opposed attempts to re-penalize homosexuality. In 1998, the PCF voted in favour of the
2399:
Initially allotted a minor share in
Mitterrand's government, the PCF resigned in 1984 as the government turned towards fiscal orthodoxy. Under Marchais the party largely maintained its traditional communist doctrines and structure. Extensive reform was undertaken after 1994, when
3015:
had differentiated it from other mass parties because the PCF kept a tight control over membership and regularly expelled unsuitable members. In its heyday, the PCF maintained a large base of members and the party's political and electoral actions were supported in society by a
2853:, unitary state, with a unitary culture and it is opposed to the separatism and regional identity of other European minority groups native to the area of what consists the French Republic. For instance in 1984, the Soviet ethnographer Solomon Bruk (who had worked under
2564:, Georges Marchais ran a controversial campaign on immigration which was harshly criticized by anti-racism organizations at the time. In 1980, the PCF's leadership voted in favour of limiting immigration. The same year, Marchais supported the PCF mayor of
3097:) also serving in the PCF's national leadership structures. For years, the CGT and the PCF were close and almost indissociable allies â notably in May 1968 when both the CGT and PCF were eager for a restoration of social order and welcomed the
3441:, has mostly left the PCF today, but they played an important role in the PCF's internal politics for decades and they continue to be closely associated to the PCF through the Left Front. The reformist faction, ideologically aligned with the
2484:
electoral agreement with the PS (mutual withdrawals, the common practice since 1962 and in 1934â1939). Nonetheless, some observers and analysts classify the PCF as a far-left party, noting their political proximity to other far-left parties.
3230:
party statutes, the PCF supports the "pluralism of ideas" but the right to pluralism "may not be translated into an organizations of tendencies". Nevertheless, certain factions and groups are easily identifiable within the PCF and they are
3371:
organization, until 2014. They are ideologically close to the orthodox faction on rejecting alliances with the PS or a return to
Marxist fundamentals but they differ significantly from the orthodox faction in their severe condemnations of
2531:
Since then, the PCF's ideology has been marked by significant ideological evolution on some topics, but consistency on other issues. Some of the most marked changes have come on individual rights and immigration. After having vilified
3116:
concomitant decline. In 1999, the mention of the newspaper's link to the PCF was dropped and the PCF no longer determines its editorial stance. It sold an average of 46,929 newspapers per day in 2012; down from 53,530 in 2007.
2162:
support has declined in recent decades, the PCF retains a strong influence in French politics, especially at the local level. In 2012, the PCF claimed to have had 138,000 members, 70,000 of whom had paid their membership fees.
3251:
alliance with other parties, which it sees as a "new
Popular Front" as a culmination of its attempts, undertaken since 2003, to broaden the PCF's base to social movements, associations, unions and other left-wing or far-left
5883:
2556:
Despite its moral conservatism in the 1930s and 1960s, in 1946, it elected seventeen of the first thirty-three women deputies. In 1956, there were only nineteen women in the
National Assembly, but fifteen were Communists.
2607:
have further justified its calls to overcome capitalism. However, the PCF has remained somewhat vague on how capitalism will be 'overcome' and what will replace it, placing heavy emphasis on utopic models or values.
8976:
2668:(SMIC) to âŹ1,700, setting a maximum wage differential of 1 to 20 in all businesses, right to retirement with a full pension at 60, defending public services, stopping public sector spending cuts (RGPP), setting a
5870:
The French revisionist leaders proposed to their 23rd
Congress, held in May 1979, that they should give up referring to Marxism-Leninism in the documents of their party and use the term "scientific socialism"
7463:
1495:
5697:
3055:
According to studies by the CEVIPOF in 1979 and 1997, the makeup of the PCF's membership has also changed significantly since 1979. The most marked change was a major decline in the share of manual workers
3398:
tend to be the most supportive of electoral and government alliances with the PS. Hue remains, technically, a member of the PCF; but he has broken with the current leadership. As a senator, he sits in the
8980:
1365:
3411:(PRG) group in the National Assembly. The MUP supports the creation of a broad alliance with the PS, the Greens (EELV), the PRG and even some centrists. Besides Hue, some of prominent followers include
2691:(ISF), abolishing fiscal loopholes and privileges, taxing corporations' financial revenues and creating a "public financial pole" to reorient credit towards jobs, innovation and sustainable development.
2228:
The party was organized around leaders who were mostly from the working class, setting up training and promotion schemes and encouraging the presentation of working-class candidates in elections. The
2713:
to create a publicly owned energy sector, creating a national public water service, a new transportation policy promoting public transportation and taxing the transportation of non-vital merchandise.
5735:
3269:'s influence over the FG and his 2012 candidacy. Unlike the majority which supports European integration under the form "social Europe" or "another Europe", the orthodox wish to withdraw from the
2412:, the PCF turned away from parliamentary strategy and sought broader social alliances. To maintain a presence in parliament after 2007 the party's few remaining deputies had to join others in the
7223:
2384:(PS). It provided for an increase in wages and social benefits, a reduction in working hours, a retirement age of 60 for men and 55 for women, the expansion of workers' rights and freedoms, the
3461:, has long been at odds with the PCF's leadership. Under Marchais, they opposed the traditionalist Marxist and pro-Soviet direction of the party and chafed at the party's democratic centralism.
7341:
3101:. While the CGT has remained the largest trade union in France, it has taken its independence vis-Ă -vis the PCF. Louis Viannet spectacularly quit the national bureau of the PCF in 1996 and
2480:) has refused to participate in government or engage in electoral alliances with centre-left parties such as the PS, the PCF has participated in governments in the past, and still enjoys a
3265:
fundamentals. The orthodox faction opposes electoral alliances or governing coalitions with the PS, and it has also proven fairly lukewarm to the Left Front and has often been critical of
2894:
way, seeking to define as not purely French such and such members of the French community, is offensive to the national consciousness. Nobody here can accept that, our Party least of all.
3038:
or associations in civil society which organized a large number of political or non-political social activities for PCF members. One such activity which still exists today is the annual
2576:
newspaper also alleged that PCF municipal administrations had been working to limit the number of immigrants in housing projects. However, today the PCF supports the regularization of
2568:
who had destroyed a home for Malian migrant workers; the PCF claimed that the right-wing government was trying to push immigrants into ghettos in
Communist working-class cities. The
7686:
1680:
9435:
7696:
3066:. The form of political action taken by members has also changed, with less emphasis on direct political or electoral action but a greater emphasis on social work and protests.
2728:
1705:
8235:
3688:
At the XXXIV Congress in 2008, for the election of the national council, the majority's list won 67.73% from the congress' delegates against 16.38% for Marie-Pierre Vieu's
8552:
2587:, which must be "overcome" because according to the PCF the capitalist system is "exhausted" and "on the verge of collapse". The PCF has interpreted the current course of
2240:
team, who had been miners, metalworkers and pastry cooks respectively, had an exceptional longevity and led the French party for almost three decades. The railroad worker
888:
2331:
in 1944, the party had become a powerful force in many parts of France. It was among the leading parties in elections in 1945 and 1946, and entered into the governing
1912:
916:
307:
8475:
7108:
2376:, the party supported the strikes while denouncing the revolutionary student movements. After heavy losses in the ensuing parliamentary elections, the party adopted
3350:' old political line (i.e. traditional Marxism adapted to modern circumstances) as developed by PCF economist and historian Paul Boccara, who developed the idea of
8247:
9430:
7676:
5343:
1675:
996:
2886:
2343:. Under pressure from Moscow, the PCF thereafter distanced itself from other parties and focused on agitation within its trade union base. For the rest of the
7960:
6988:
1229:
634:
7777:
6859:
6365:
5982:
5961:
9316:
7097:
5499:
3813:
due to good local
Socialist infrastructure or strongmen (NiĂšvre, Pas-de-Calais, Paris) or due to the emergence of rival parties on the radical left (the
1800:
6330:
2396:
in its place. Under the Common
Programme, however, the PCF steadily lost ground to the PS, a process that continued after Mitterrand's victory in 1981.
2217:(1925â1926) and to the evacuation of Morocco by the French army, they called for an end to the fighting and the independence of French Syria during the
9176:
9056:
8118:
6670:
2290:, which opposed the War (prior to the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany). The leadership, threatened with execution, fled abroad. After the
711:
6562:
9116:
8455:
7799:
7691:
7551:
3330:
was sidelined from the PCF in 2006, after major disagreements with the leadership, and has since founded a small political movement (Anger and Hope,
2100:
1670:
848:
551:
297:
6282:
5457:
8600:
6008:
2803:"Prioritizing human emancipation" â creating jobs in public education, spending 1% of GDP on arts and culture, and doubling investment in research.
1830:
1580:
776:
761:
681:
9403:
9098:
8760:
8643:
8637:
8633:
7556:
2178:
1927:
1595:
1535:
1135:
736:
133:
2221:
of 1925â1927, and denounced the festivities of the centenary of the colonization of Algeria, organizing in particular a campaign to boycott the
8897:
7996:
7473:
7372:
6314:
5373:
1640:
1437:
1130:
9172:
1615:
8911:
7135:
6143:
5394:"CongrÚs du PCF: le texte d'orientation du Conseil national porté par @Fabien_Roussel est adopté à 81,92% à l'issue du vote des communistes"
7260:
7218:
1490:
1006:
798:
696:
531:
3848:(there are no more ships built in La Seyne); and in isolated industrial centres built along the old Paris-Lyon railway (the urban core of
8557:
7842:
6963:
6399:
5229:
5201:
5173:
5145:
5117:
5090:
5062:
5034:
5007:
2549:. On 12 February 2013, PCF deputies voted in favour of same-sex marriage and adoption rights in the National Assembly, though PCF deputy
2046:
926:
292:
270:
5320:, a working class suburb of Paris. This event remains the biggest festival in France, with 600,000 attendees during a three-day period.
2769:, proposing and adopting a new European treaty which would "prioritize social progress and democracy" and reforming the statutes of the
9352:
8770:
7536:
7228:
6558:
Hughes, Hannah Cole. "Contemporary Perspectives on the French Communist Party: A Dying Ideology?" Thesis. Kent State University, 2013.
1103:
639:
501:
143:
5583:
8755:
7448:
4414:
2640:
2404:
became leader. This did little to stem the party's declining popularity, although it entered government again in 1997 as part of the
1867:
1630:
1485:
6141:« Il est grand temps de rallumer les Ă©toiles... » â Humanifeste du Parti communiste français Ă l'aube du siĂšcle qui vient
3048:. French and foreign left-wing parties, organizations or movements are represented and the activities feature musical performances.
2125:
It was also the largest party on the left in France in a number of national elections, from 1945 to 1960, before falling behind the
9334:
8990:
7770:
7546:
7359:
7309:
7004:
6852:
6795:
5851:
3814:
3491:
3078:
3021:
2758:
in all elections, reducing presidential powers and strengthening parliamentary powers, and guaranteeing judicial and press freedom.
1980:
1001:
2351:
and Jacques Duclos, remained politically isolated, still taking a Stalinist line, though retaining substantial electoral support.
9022:
7728:
7531:
7526:
5599:
3479:
2469:
1620:
1540:
1530:
1320:
868:
833:
462:
3277:. Prominent orthodox factions and leaders include Jean-Jacques Karman's Communist Left, Emmanuel Dang Tran's PCF section in the
9190:
8775:
8142:
8013:
7437:
7429:
7379:
7172:
7140:
7063:
6663:
1795:
1759:
1465:
1442:
1259:
664:
190:
2553:
voted against. The PCF also supports feminist movements, and supports policies to further promote gender equality and parity.
8985:
8750:
7654:
7619:
7250:
7201:
7089:
6898:
6480:
5788:
5754:
5474:
Further, France is a country with a persistent Euroskeptic party with coalition potential, namely the French Communist Party.
4383:
3361:
2777:
2172:
1590:
1345:
1306:
1277:
516:
9051:
8593:
8547:
7924:
7723:
6939:
6752:
3400:
2413:
1887:
8259:
2720:
which respects the environment and individuals, redefining industrial priorities, new rights for employees and creating a
9356:
9339:
8995:
8961:
8130:
7763:
7145:
7056:
6845:
6780:
6680:
3334:) active only in his native Picardy. A group of hardline orthodox around former PCF senator Rolande Perlican founded the
3323:
2295:
2088:
1995:
1754:
1315:
1254:
1041:
983:
445:
8810:
8785:
8356:
7671:
7644:
7634:
6542:
6185:
2321:
2299:
2201:. The 1920s saw a number of splits within the party over relations with other left-wing parties and over adherence to
1774:
1739:
1695:
1502:
1327:
1036:
911:
828:
823:
5500:
https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/l-edito-politique/l-edito-politique-du-lundi-18-septembre-2023-4153652
3322:
Some orthodox communists have chosen to leave the PCF. In 2004, the FNARC group around Georges Hage founded the small
8308:
7902:
7649:
7255:
7196:
7180:
7113:
7043:
6934:
6893:
6656:
6643:
6073:
5467:
4147:
4135:
4103:
4071:
4044:
4012:
3980:
3948:
3936:
3904:
3471:
2984:
2600:
2561:
2437:
2151:
2096:
1965:
1810:
1724:
1635:
1507:
1380:
1335:
1289:
1284:
1249:
1204:
1179:
921:
756:
556:
5511:
Murray, Rainbow (2008). "The Power of Sex and Incumbency: A Longitudinal Study of Electoral Performance in France".
3289:, and Patrice Carvalho. The PCF orthodox factions has strong support in the old PCF federations in northern France (
3062:) in the party's membership, with a larger number of employees and middle-classes, especially those who work in the
9348:
9182:
8966:
8876:
8320:
7604:
7573:
7510:
7233:
6729:
4949:
4921:
4893:
4865:
4837:
4809:
4781:
4753:
4725:
4697:
4669:
4641:
4613:
4585:
4557:
4529:
4501:
4473:
4445:
4355:
4327:
4299:
4271:
4244:
3475:
2988:
2636:
1862:
1764:
1729:
1625:
1555:
1360:
1148:
1076:
1071:
751:
746:
573:
2643:(NUPES) bloc of left-wing and green parties. In the alliance, they were the only party to support nuclear energy.
1472:
9425:
9214:
8586:
7624:
7541:
7407:
7162:
7009:
2520:, rather stating that the failure of Soviet socialism was the failure of one model "among others", including the
2039:
1932:
1744:
1610:
1242:
1142:
6516:
Bourgeois, Guillaume, "French Communism and the Communist International", in Tim Rees and Andrew Thorpe (eds.),
6372:
5958:
9329:
9255:
9089:
8918:
8883:
7681:
7364:
7304:
7294:
7118:
5555:
5312:. Although the newspaper is now independent, it remains close to the PCF. The paper is sustained by the annual
3809:
have been hurt significantly by demographic changes (Var, Alpes-Maritimes, FinistĂšre), a loss of voters to the
2751:
2453:
2385:
1892:
1882:
1825:
1805:
1690:
1655:
1605:
593:
6256:
3390:(1994â2001) have mostly left the PCF. Hue's leadership was marked by internal democratizations as part of his
2392:. In 1979 it was proposed by revisionists in France that party documents should omit MarxismâLeninism and use
9168:
7588:
7412:
7348:
3255:
Orthodox: the heterogeneous faction of PCF "orthodox" refers to those traditionalist members who opposed the
2492:, the PCF mixed a partial acceptance of "bourgeois" democracy and individual liberties with more traditional
1565:
1452:
1427:
1083:
1028:
978:
973:
876:
586:
400:
5487:"Notre projet et le chemin du socialisme pour la France collectif du réseau Faire Vivre et Renforcer lePCF"
2177:
The French Communist Party (PCF) originated in 1920, when a majority of members resigned from the socialist
567:
9260:
7972:
7639:
7629:
7328:
7289:
6757:
6559:
5865:
3404:
3278:
3234:
expressed officially by different orientation texts or lists for leadership elections at party congresses.
2206:
1857:
1600:
1410:
1115:
1108:
1051:
1011:
843:
629:
526:
214:
9344:
8790:
8780:
8727:
8422:
8344:
8183:
8059:
7866:
7706:
7701:
7497:
7458:
7333:
7272:
6999:
6882:
6619:
6611:
6289:
3243:
3211:
2816:
2755:
2740:
2560:
On the issue of immigration, the PCF's positions have also evolved significantly since the 1980s. In the
2429:
2308:
2283:
2154:, the PCF supported MĂ©lenchon's candidature; however, tensions between the PCF and MĂ©lenchon's movement,
1835:
1700:
1685:
1512:
1422:
1395:
1375:
1237:
1161:
1023:
881:
771:
608:
177:
9067:
9320:
9235:
8296:
8001:
7890:
7830:
7786:
7718:
7666:
7599:
7424:
7277:
7167:
7157:
7084:
7079:
6980:
6958:
6922:
6917:
6775:
4209:
3040:
2699:
2092:
2032:
1769:
1719:
1665:
1650:
1460:
1390:
1267:
1222:
1217:
1209:
1197:
1192:
1088:
1018:
805:
783:
731:
646:
541:
479:
344:
284:
44:
2857:) published a study on France and mentioned the existence of other ethnic groups in the state such as
2339:. However, amid concerns within France and abroad over the extent of communist influence, the PCF was
8956:
8800:
7878:
7390:
7317:
7213:
7074:
6420:
6212:
5781:
The French Communist Party: a critical history (1920 - 84); from Comintern to 'the colours of France'
3498:, the CAP's sole parliamentarian until his defeat in 2012, sat with the PCF in the National Assembly.
3408:
3351:
2683:'s policy to favour job creation and public services, controlling financial speculation, raising the
2461:
2222:
1970:
1872:
1447:
1417:
1355:
1272:
1155:
1061:
1056:
968:
723:
706:
676:
659:
654:
581:
511:
386:
8932:
5884:"Anne Hidalgo obtains the worst presidential election result in the history of the Parti Socialiste"
2654:
and the FG's platform in the 2012 presidential election was broken up into nine overarching themes.
2448:
9361:
9186:
9000:
8890:
8271:
8054:
8025:
7609:
7568:
7521:
7486:
6975:
6906:
6785:
6734:
6701:
3810:
3709:
2721:
2688:
2584:
2473:
2126:
1749:
1550:
1520:
1432:
1184:
1120:
988:
963:
906:
893:
793:
691:
598:
561:
536:
521:
506:
278:
8925:
9265:
9128:
8825:
7907:
7299:
7031:
6140:
5348:
2766:
2380:
as leader and in 1973 entered into a "Common Programme" alliance with Mitterrand's reconstituted
2268:
1917:
1734:
1525:
1405:
1125:
936:
898:
718:
603:
149:
2528:
models. It also tried to downplay the PCF's historic attachment to Moscow and the Soviet Union.
9383:
9324:
9280:
9122:
9016:
8627:
8460:
7468:
7191:
6210:
Le programme du Front de gauche et de son candidat commun Jean-Luc MĂ©lenchon â L'humain d'abord
5736:"En France, seuls les communistes, deux députés et quelques journalistes ont combattu l'accord"
3721:
3134:
Louis Sellier and Albert Treint, interim secretaries-general: 21 January 1923 â 23 January 1924
3128:
2836:
2754:" â convening a constituent assembly, repealing the 2010 local and regional government reform,
2381:
2344:
2260:
2186:
1340:
958:
546:
458:
88:
6524:
6470:
6396:
5755:"Research Guides: France in WW II: The French Resistance: Communists in the French Resistance"
3081:(CGT) was dominated by the PCF after 1946, with almost all its leaders between 1947 and 1996 (
2369:
2193:
as one of the notable agitators participating in its creation. The new SFIC defined itself as
2111:
8071:
7984:
7614:
7581:
6767:
3188:, interim secretary-general later deputy secretary-general from June 1969 to 17 December 1972
3070:
2770:
2680:
2538:
2497:
2355:
2198:
1975:
1585:
1570:
953:
6098:
4189:
4108:
3266:
3182:: 17 May 1964 â 17 December 1972 (deputy secretary-general from 14 May 1961 to 17 May 1964)
2926:
2922:
2651:
2158:, have led the two movements to campaign separately for the general elections. Although its
2143:
9397:
9290:
9201:
8971:
8842:
8392:
7453:
7048:
6824:
6036:"The Promotion and Domination of Female Activists in Local French Communist Party Networks"
5946:
5397:
3458:
3262:
2968:
2840:
2493:
2393:
2328:
2107:
1985:
1959:
1815:
1480:
946:
233:
2428:, and others. The FG has brought the French communists somewhat better electoral results.
8:
9034:
8721:
8542:
8380:
8368:
8171:
8083:
8049:
8037:
7478:
6828:
6724:
6587:
The French Communist Party during the Fifth Republic: A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology
6035:
5682:
5338:
4975:
4193:
4076:
3412:
3248:
3239:
3205:
3098:
2789:
2577:
2550:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2389:
2218:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2133:
2106:
Founded in 1920, it participated in three governments: the provisional government of the
941:
818:
813:
671:
450:
372:
227:
3829:
3202:: 29 January 1994 â 28 October 2001 (president between 28 October 2001 and 8 April 2003)
2976:
2934:
2279:
73:
9377:
9082:
7936:
7395:
6837:
6820:
5833:
5661:
5528:
3745:
3741:
3713:
3510:
3482:. PCF dissidents who had backed Juquin's candidacy, including former cabinet ministers
3302:
3294:
3290:
2866:
2785:
2736:
2465:
2373:
1852:
440:
429:
336:
249:
244:
5323:
During the 1970s, the PCF registered success with the children's magazine it founded,
3828:
There exist isolated Communist bases in the rural anti-clerical areas of southwestern
3506:
3168:: 18 July 1930 â 17 May 1964 (president between 17 May and his death on 11 July 1964)
2930:
2658:"Sharing the wealth and abolishing social insecurity" â banning market-based layoffs (
104:
9245:
8805:
8505:
8412:
6688:
6538:
6476:
6352:
6055:
5825:
5784:
5717:
5653:
5551:
5548:
Social Change in Modern France: Towards a Cultural Anthropology of the Fifth Republic
5532:
5463:
5361:
3849:
3818:
3790:
3729:
3502:
3495:
3314:
3000:
2956:
2812:
2808:
2684:
2546:
2542:
2313:
2303:
1950:
788:
264:
253:
8663:
8521:
6696:
3985:
3155:
3082:
2972:
2477:
2237:
9285:
8831:
8709:
8697:
8445:
8166:
7746:
7238:
6648:
6047:
5817:
5709:
5645:
5520:
3953:
3845:
3806:
3494:(CAP) in 1994, which has since obtained limited support only in a few departments.
3487:
3347:
3193:
3185:
3105:, the CGT's leader between 1999 and 2013, left the PCF's national council in 2001.
3102:
3012:
2918:
2882:
2762:
2673:
2596:
2525:
2489:
2377:
2275:
with Hitler. It was the only political party in France to denounce this agreement.
2272:
2020:
9207:
8869:
8852:
5416:
5300:
3767:
3086:
3030:
2372:'s unsuccessful presidential bid in 1965. During the student riots and strikes of
2247:
Semard sought party unity and alliances with other parties; but leaders including
164:
8815:
8470:
8465:
8161:
8095:
6869:
6566:
6509:
6495:
French Politics and Public Policy. Edited by Philip G. Cerny and Martin A. Schain
6403:
6216:
6147:
5965:
5354:
3802:
3407:(MUP) which has one deputy elected in 2012 with PS support and who sits with the
3035:
2950:
2942:
2850:
2717:
2695:
2604:
2565:
2340:
2129:
in the 1970s. The PCF has lost further ground to the Socialists since that time.
2076:
2064:
487:
358:
96:
8659:
3247:
governing partner. The leadership has been generally strongly supportive of the
2960:
2468:, rather than far-left, party in the French context. While the French far-left (
9249:
9220:
9196:
8765:
8733:
8703:
8691:
8685:
8679:
8673:
8667:
8266:
8137:
8090:
7873:
7854:
6803:
5821:
5393:
4152:
3909:
3327:
3298:
3270:
3217:
3179:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3090:
2946:
2914:
2878:
2854:
2629:
2613:
2433:
2365:
2291:
2233:
2229:
92:
63:
8655:
6459:
Life World Library: France by D. W. Brogan and the Editors of LIFE, 1961, P.47
5983:"French women's rights supporters march against far right ahead of snap polls"
5713:
5649:
5584:"LĂ©gislatives : la tension monte dâun cran entre PCF et France insoumise"
5309:
3756:
and nearby towns, as well as the working-class suburbs surrounding Paris (the
3306:
3282:
3147:
3112:
2541:(PACS), civil unions, including for homosexual couples. The PCF supports both
9419:
9163:
9075:
8847:
8649:
8485:
8480:
7755:
6059:
5829:
5721:
5657:
5524:
3841:
3794:
3733:
3483:
3467:
3446:
3360:: a political association within the PCF which was the French section of the
3286:
3140:
3094:
3063:
2938:
2901:
Letter to the Secretariat of the Communist Party of the USSR, February 1984.
2776:"To change the course of globalization" â withdrawing French troops from the
2744:
2705:
2588:
2533:
2408:
coalition. Elections in 2002 gave worse results than ever for the PCF. Under
2241:
2119:
237:
100:
6808:
5444:
2571:
9295:
9240:
9140:
8837:
8490:
8417:
8154:
7026:
6009:"French protesters stand up to far right ahead of country's snap elections"
5603:
5317:
3822:
3736:
existed, in addition to mining and small industrial-mining centres such as
3450:
3377:
3151:
2992:
2669:
2665:
2505:
2425:
172:
20:
6594:
A Radiant Future. The French Communist Party and Eastern Europe, 1944â1956
6051:
3696:, 10.26% for André Gerin's orthodox list and 5.64% for Nicolas Marchand's
2761:"Repealing the Lisbon Treaty and creating another Europe" â repealing the
2364:
with other left-wing forces and an increased strength in parliament. With
2264:
9390:
9225:
9097:
9028:
8904:
8578:
8526:
8500:
8495:
8450:
8427:
8332:
8066:
6711:
6580:
Stalinism in France: The first twenty years of the French Communist Party
5367:
3416:
3017:
2797:
2516:. It has not attributed the failure of the Soviet Union as being that of
2405:
2332:
2317:
2294:
the party began to organise opposition to the occupation. Shortly before
2210:
2190:
2115:
2000:
466:
77:
5665:
5633:
3779:
3069:
The party's structures were democratized at the 1994 Congress, dropping
2885:
wrote a letter of protest in February 1984, complaining bitterly to the
2599:'s view on the future evolution of capitalism. The party feels that the
9229:
9146:
8939:
8820:
8715:
8351:
8218:
8020:
7979:
5325:
4017:
3420:
3387:
3365:
3199:
2964:
2820:
2732:
2521:
2509:
2401:
2194:
184:
6472:
Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs
5852:"1936, 1972, 1997 : Ces annĂ©es oĂč la gauche française s'est unie"
5837:
5805:
3522:
Preparatory votes on orientation texts for PCF Congresses since 2003:
3124:
Secretaries-general (1921â1994) and national-secretaries (since 1994)
2583:
One historical consistency in the PCF's ideology has been its staunch
9270:
8230:
6627:
6553:
Intellectuals and the French Communist Party: Disillusion and Decline
6186:"Legislative elections: the main parties' positions on nuclear power"
5370:, founder of a cell of the French Communist Party in Rufisque in 1925
3753:
3737:
3373:
3025:
2862:
2793:
2621:
2592:
2517:
2513:
2287:
2252:
2202:
2085:
1990:
1955:
1922:
311:
222:
3798:
3782:
mountains, a left-wing rural anti-clerical stronghold with a strong
3354:. Leaders of the faction include Nicolas Marchand and Yves Dimicoli.
3346:, also known as conservatives: a small faction led by supporters of
3111:
has retained closer ties with the PCF. The newspaper was founded by
19:"SFIC" redirects here. For Shanghai Fortune Industrial Company, see
8387:
8178:
8032:
7849:
7021:
6744:
6260:
3833:
3783:
3775:
3752:) and in some cities of the south, such as the industrial areas of
3717:
3708:
Currently, the PCF retains some strength in suburban Paris, in the
3454:
3442:
3368:
3274:
2874:
2846:
2824:
2679:"Reclaiming power from banks and financial markets" â changing the
2617:
2501:
6160:
5434:
9275:
8794:
8339:
8315:
8303:
8291:
8254:
8242:
8213:
8113:
8008:
7991:
7955:
7931:
7897:
7885:
7861:
7837:
7825:
7733:
5401:
3837:
3238:
Majority: the current leadership of the PCF since 2003 is around
2870:
2858:
2336:
2256:
2214:
6518:
International Communism and the Communist International, 1919â43
6099:"Stalinist mayor orders the dismantling of Roma camp near Paris"
3771:
2440:. Roussel received 2.28% of votes cast, coming in eighth place.
8375:
8363:
8327:
8225:
8125:
8078:
7948:
7943:
7914:
6150:
Text adopted by the XXXVI Congress of the PCF 10 February 2013.
5462:(2nd ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 131.
3852:, Aube has elected a Communist general councillor since 1958).
3749:
3725:
2996:
2729:
1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State
2348:
2248:
5486:
8195:
8190:
8149:
8044:
7967:
7502:
6947:
5683:"Il y a cent ans naissait un parti authentiquement populaire"
3310:
2710:
153:
8553:
List of communist parties represented in European Parliament
5698:"The French Working Class and the Blum Government (1936â37)"
3394:, but also close cooperation and alliances with the PS. The
2731:, creating a ministry for women and equality, repealing the
2500:
lines and structured itself as a revolutionary party in the
6635:
6446:
6074:"When the Morning Star justified racism | Workers' Liberty"
3763:
3474:, alongside 'red-green' ecosocialists, the remnants of the
2781:
2244:
had been secretary general of the party from 1924 to 1929.
6424:
6209:
2716:"Producing differently" â a new model of development and
5947:
Analyse du scrutin n° 259 â PremiĂšre sĂ©ance du 12/02/2013
5298:
Traditionally, it was also the owner of the French daily
3174:, interim secretary-general: 17 June 1950 â 10 April 1953
2312:(FTP) group. At the same time the PCF began to work with
325:
6867:
5866:"Enver Hoxha: 'Eurocommunism' is Anti-Communism â pt. 1"
5677:
5675:
3011:
The PCF has traditionally been a "mass party", although
3003:, which it had held since the 1960s, to the PS in 2008.
2881:
and others. In response to this work, General Secretary
2416:(GDR). Subsequently, a broader electoral coalition, the
2189:
as its first secretary-general, with the involvement of
6331:"Declaration on the internal situation of "La Riposte""
5634:"Front Populaire, Front National: The Colonial Example"
5344:
List of foreign delegations at 24th PCF Congress (1982)
3703:
9436:
International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties
6644:
Communist Party of France at Marxists Internet Archive
5949:
Results of the vote on the National Assembly's website
2887:
Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2796:
to finance international development and cooperation,
2354:
Although the PCF opposed de Gaulle's formation of the
420:
5672:
6678:
6606:
3433:: the reformist faction of the PCF, known either as
2496:ideas. During this same period the PCF was run on
2368:as its new secretary-general, the party supported
2320:" government in exile, and later took part in the
2278:The party was banned in 1939 by the government of
5616:
3724:, in some departments of central France, such as
3403:(RDSE) and leads a small political movement, the
2460:The PCF, in contrast to weaker and more marginal
2432:was leader from 2010 to 2018, being succeeded by
9417:
8977:Federation of Marxist-Leninist Circles in France
6535:The Celtic Revolution: Study in Anti-Imperialism
6532:
6520:. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.
6510:The French Communist Party in the Fifth Republic
6243:
6231:
3501:Reformists who remained within the PCF, such as
2298:the next year, the PCF formed, in May 1941, the
9404:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
6573:The French Communist Party and the Algerian War
3681:Paris' 15th arrondissement â Emmanuel Dang Tran
2132:From 2009, the PCF was a leading member of the
9431:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic
7785:
6033:
5374:French branch of the Armenian Relief Committee
3466:Many dissident Communist reformists supported
2845:The French Communist Party inherited from the
2664:) for companies which make profits, raise the
2209:, but also promoted strike action and opposed
9317:Socialist Party of France â Jean JaurĂšs Union
9173:Federation of the Socialist Workers of France
9083:
8594:
7816:
7801:The Left in the European Parliament â GUE/NGL
7771:
6853:
6664:
6366:"Results of the XXXIV Congress by federation"
5638:International Labor and Working-Class History
3137:Louis Sellier: 23 January 1924 â 1 July 1924
2183:French Section of the Communist International
2101:The Left in the European Parliament â GUE/NGL
2040:
298:The Left in the European Parliament â GUE/NGL
9100:French Section of the Workers' International
8761:French Section of the Workers' International
6283:"Official party statutes on the PCF website"
5806:"The French Communists and the Algerian War"
5783:. Manchester : Manchester University Press.
4170:
4126:
4094:
4062:
4035:
4003:
3971:
3927:
3757:
3744:), the industrial mining region of northern
3256:
3057:
2955:Senators: Peter Lawrence, Pierre Ouzoulias,
2659:
2569:
2359:
2179:French Section of the Workers' International
2137:
1307:
1298:
134:French Section of the Workers' International
8558:List of left and far-left parties in Europe
6475:. Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
5927:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5545:
3712:section of the old coal mining area in the
2983:The PCF does not, as of May 2022, have any
2743:of fiscal balance and creating jobs in the
2727:"The Republic, for real" â reaffirming the
2335:alliance, which pursued social reforms and
2255:line from the late 1920s. With the rise of
2251:(party leader from 1930 to 1964) imposed a
9353:Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left
9090:
9076:
8981:Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of France
8912:La Bretagne ouvriĂšre, paysanne et maritime
8608:
8601:
8587:
7778:
7764:
6860:
6846:
6671:
6657:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5550:. Cambridge University Press. p. 76.
3817:, a party of reformist communists, in the
2436:who stood as the party's candidate at the
2047:
2033:
428:
144:Headquarters of the French Communist Party
43:
8756:List of French Communist Party congresses
6421:"Official results of the XXXVII Congress"
5414:
3386:: the allies of former secretary-general
457:Until 2008, the party was also member of
8991:Convention for a Progressive Alternative
6589:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
6348:
6346:
6344:
6136:
6134:
6132:
5600:"Les primaires Ă gauche au banc d'essai"
5455:
4139:
3940:
3815:Convention for a Progressive Alternative
3492:Convention for a Progressive Alternative
3006:
2849:the concept of France as a centralised,
2750:"Convene a constituent assembly for the
2447:
2420:(FG), was formed including the PCF, the
271:New Ecological and Social People's Union
9023:French Committee of National Liberation
6468:
6034:Boulland, Paul; Mischi, Julian (2015).
5898:
5778:
5695:
5546:Mendras, Henri; Cole, Alistair (1991).
9418:
9177:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
8898:L'Enchaßné du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais
8776:Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France
6397:Official results of the XXXVI Congress
5931:
5702:International Review of Social History
5510:
4969:
3490:participated in the foundation of the
2641:New Ecologic and Social People's Union
2114:'s presidency (1981â1984), and in the
191:Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France
9335:Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party
9071:
8751:History of the French Communist Party
8582:
7759:
6841:
6652:
6341:
6129:
5959:"Un député PCF contre le mariage gay"
3517:
2830:
2817:voting rights for resident foreigners
2173:History of the French Communist Party
2075:
8548:Elections to the European Parliament
6257:"Official report on the OJD website"
5803:
5631:
3704:Popular support and electoral record
3401:European Democratic and Social Rally
3196:: 17 December 1972 â 29 January 1994
2907:
2823:, and constitutional recognition of
2784:, recognizing the independence of a
2504:sense and rejected criticism of the
2414:Democratic and Republican Left group
2341:excluded from government in May 1947
9357:Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs
8996:Pole of Communist Revival in France
6781:Union of Democrats and Independents
5752:
5572:Le dictionnaire de l'extrĂȘme gauche
5391:
3380:. They also support the Left Front.
3324:Pole of Communist Revival in France
3301:) or other federations such as the
3261:of the 1990s and wish to return to
2625:"unleashes domination and hatred".
2358:in 1958, the following years saw a
2205:'s dictates. The party entered the
401:Presidency of Departmental Councils
13:
8986:Workers' Communist Party of France
8811:National Council of the Resistance
8786:National Front (French Resistance)
6501:
6040:VingtiĂšme SiĂšcle. Revue d'histoire
5619:Communist Road to Power in Vietnam
5364:, anti-racist NGO, created in 1941
2322:National Council of the Resistance
14:
9447:
6600:
5696:Mitzman, Arthur (December 1964).
5263:The PCF publishes the following:
3789:Communist traditions in the "Red
3214:: 20 June 2010 â 24 November 2018
3131:: 4 January 1921 â 1 January 1923
2989:Presidents of the General Council
2438:2022 French presidential election
2284:GermanâSoviet Non-aggression Pact
2267:in 1936. The party supported the
2259:after 1934 the PCF supported the
2110:(1944â1947), at the beginning of
8877:Le Travailleur de Lot-et-Garonne
8386:
8374:
8362:
8350:
8338:
8326:
8314:
8302:
8290:
8265:
8253:
8241:
8224:
8212:
8189:
8177:
8160:
8148:
8136:
8124:
8112:
8089:
8077:
8065:
8043:
8031:
8019:
8007:
7990:
7978:
7966:
7954:
7942:
7930:
7913:
7896:
7884:
7872:
7860:
7848:
7836:
7824:
6555:. Oxford University Press, 1991.
6533:Berresford Ellis, Peter (1985).
6316:Revue politique et parlementaire
5248:
5247:
5220:
5219:
5192:
5191:
5164:
5163:
5136:
5135:
5108:
5081:
5080:
5053:
5052:
5025:
4940:
4939:
4912:
4911:
4884:
4883:
4856:
4855:
4828:
4827:
4800:
4799:
4772:
4771:
4744:
4743:
4716:
4715:
4688:
4687:
4660:
4659:
4632:
4631:
4604:
4603:
4576:
4575:
4548:
4547:
4520:
4519:
4492:
4491:
4464:
4463:
4436:
4435:
4405:
4404:
4374:
4373:
4346:
4345:
4318:
4317:
4290:
4289:
4262:
4164:
4163:
4120:
4119:
4088:
4087:
4056:
4055:
4028:
3997:
3996:
3965:
3964:
3921:
3920:
3840:; in the shipbuilding cities of
3778:. The PCF is also strong in the
3208:: 28 October 2001 â 20 June 2010
2646:
2637:2022 French legislative election
2464:in Europe, is usually seen as a
2296:Germany invaded the Soviet Union
2014:
205:
204:
6507:Bell, D. S. and Byron Criddle.
6489:
6462:
6453:
6439:
6413:
6390:
6358:
6323:
6307:
6275:
6249:
6237:
6225:
6203:
6178:
6153:
6117:
6091:
6066:
6027:
6001:
5975:
5952:
5940:
5876:
5858:
5844:
5810:Journal of Contemporary History
5797:
5772:
5746:
5728:
5689:
5625:
5610:
5593:
5577:
5459:Referendums and Ethnic Conflict
5439:Parties and Elections in Europe
5421:Parties and Elections in Europe
5258:
4182:
3859:
3675:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3079:General Confederation of Labour
3022:General Confederation of Labour
2628:The party is generally seen as
2286:, due to its membership in the
387:Presidency of Regional Councils
9330:Internationalist Workers Party
9256:National Council of Resistance
8884:Le Travailleur du Centre Ouest
5972:in Lemonde.fr, 11 January 2013
5934:Les partis politiques français
5564:
5539:
5504:
5493:
5479:
5449:
5427:
5408:
5385:
5109:
5026:
4263:
4203:
4029:
3362:International Marxist Tendency
3162:): 8 April 1929 â 18 July 1930
2386:abolition of the death penalty
1:
9191:Socialist Revolutionary Party
5621:. Westview Press. p. 16.
5379:
3836:; in the industrial areas of
3716:, the industrial harbours of
3119:
2612:alternative, described as an
2601:financial crisis of 2007â2008
2091:. The PCF is a member of the
2077:[paÊtikÉmynistfÊÉÌsÉ]
1566:Communist Party (Switzerland)
9261:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
6319:(in French). A. Colin. 2003.
5936:, La documentation française
3405:Progressive Unitary Movement
3279:15th arrondissement of Paris
3143:: 8 July 1924 â 8 April 1929
2807:The platform also supported
2302:movement within the broader
2263:, which came to power under
7:
9345:Union of the Socialist Left
8791:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
8781:Union of Communist Students
7797:European Parliament group:
6681:political parties in France
6526:Maurice Thorez: A Biography
5415:Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017).
5332:
3651:André Gerin, Communist Left
3224:
2756:proportional representation
2443:
2309:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
2181:(SFIO) party to set up the
1907:International organizations
178:Union of Communist Students
10:
9452:
9340:Democratic Socialist Party
9321:Socialist Republican Union
8962:Workers and Peasants Party
7788:Party of the European Left
5822:10.1177/002200947701200306
5617:William J. Duiker (1981).
5358:, by Louis Althusser, 1965
3660:Paris' 15th arrondissement
3472:1988 presidential election
2834:
2562:1981 presidential election
2306:, together with the armed
2170:
2166:
2152:2017 presidential election
2093:Party of the European Left
285:Party of the European Left
18:
9370:
9304:
9183:Socialist Party of France
9156:
9107:
9044:
9009:
8957:Socialist-Communist Union
8949:
8861:
8801:Union of Russian Patriots
8743:
8618:
8566:
8535:
8514:
8436:
8405:
8280:
8204:
8104:
7809:
7795:
7744:
7342:Luhansk People's Republic
7098:Donetsk People's Republic
6877:
6817:
6794:
6766:
6743:
6710:
6687:
6582:. London: New Park, 1984.
6469:Maxwell, Rahsaan (2012).
6259:. Ojd.com. Archived from
5779:Adereth, Maxwell (1984).
5714:10.1017/S0020859000002613
5650:10.1017/S0147547900016823
5445:Chapel Hill Expert Survey
5240:
5212:
5184:
5156:
5128:
5101:
5073:
5045:
5018:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4932:
4904:
4876:
4848:
4820:
4792:
4764:
4736:
4708:
4680:
4652:
4624:
4596:
4568:
4540:
4512:
4484:
4456:
4428:
4397:
4366:
4338:
4310:
4282:
4255:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4016:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3409:Radical Party of the Left
3352:state monopoly capitalism
2800:for low-income countries.
2780:, French withdrawal from
2223:Paris Colonial Exposition
2069:Parti communiste français
1971:List of communist parties
1873:Victorian Socialist Party
436:
418:
413:
399:
385:
371:
357:
343:
331:
318:
304:International affiliation
303:
293:European Parliament group
291:
277:
259:
243:
213:
197:
183:
171:
159:
139:
129:
111:
83:
69:
59:
51:
42:
36:Parti communiste français
30:
9001:Movement of Progressives
8891:Le Travailleur du Loiret
8272:Democratic Left Scotland
8236:RĂ©publique et socialisme
6702:New Anticapitalist Party
6103:World Socialist Web Site
5932:Pierre, Bréchon (2011),
5525:10.1177/1354068807088122
5392:@PCF (29 January 2023).
3220:: since 24 November 2018
3146:Collective secretariat (
3034:; and a large number of
2722:gross national happiness
2694:"Ecological planning" â
2689:solidarity tax on wealth
2585:opposition to capitalism
35:
9349:Unified Socialist Party
9266:Revolutionary socialism
8967:Proletarian Unity Party
8826:Institut Maurice Thorez
8515:Other prominent figures
8476:Luigi Alberto Colajanni
7032:Communists of Catalonia
5632:Wall, Irwin M. (1986).
5570:Cosseron, Serge (ed.).
5456:Qvortrup, Matt (2022).
5349:Place du Colonel Fabien
3476:Unified Socialist Party
2767:European Fiscal Compact
2661:licenciements boursiers
2639:, the party joined the
2347:period the PCF, led by
2329:German occupation ended
2292:German invasion of 1940
2269:Second Spanish Republic
245:Political position
150:place du Colonel Fabien
117:; 103 years ago
9426:French Communist Party
9325:National Popular Rally
9312:French Communist Party
9169:French Socialist Party
9123:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
8933:Les Lettres Françaises
8628:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
8611:French Communist Party
6989:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6720:French Communist Party
6551:Hazareesingh, Sudhir.
6355:in France-politique.fr
6078:www.workersliberty.org
5804:Wall, Irwin M (1977).
5292:Economics and Politics
3758:
3257:
3129:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
3058:
2905:
2837:Demographics of France
2660:
2570:
2457:
2360:
2187:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
2138:
2068:
2061:French Communist Party
1308:
1299:
1230:Bosnia and Herzegovina
89:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
33:French Communist Party
16:French political party
9187:French Workers' Party
8926:Le Prolétaire normand
6629:Economie et Politique
6529:, I. B. Tauris, 2018.
6244:Berresford Ellis 1985
6232:Berresford Ellis 1985
6052:10.3917/ving.126.0073
5964:17 March 2013 at the
5753:Spencer, Erika Hope.
5288:Economie et Politique
4192:as candidate for the
3071:democratic centralism
3007:Internal organization
2891:
2771:European Central Bank
2700:ĂlectricitĂ© de France
2681:European Central Bank
2591:as a confirmation of
2539:civil solidarity pact
2498:democratic centralist
2451:
2271:and opposed the 1938
2199:democratic centralist
1976:Democratic centralism
1811:Socialist Alternative
1136:Revolutionary Faction
115:30 December 1920
9291:Democratic socialism
9202:Second International
9045:Parliamentary groups
8972:French Popular Party
6825:Miscellaneous centre
6427:on 13 September 2016
6146:4 March 2016 at the
5742:. 30 September 1968.
3470:'s candidacy in the
3459:democratic socialism
2969:Cathy Apourceau-Poly
2959:, Michelle Greaume,
2841:Separatism in Europe
2765:, opposition to the
2739:, opposition to the
2488:In the 1980s, under
2394:scientific socialism
2021:Communism portal
1816:Victorian Socialists
1126:Malaya and Singapore
465:(1940â1947) and the
279:European affiliation
260:National affiliation
234:Democratic socialism
9236:Matignon Agreements
8722:Marie-George Buffet
8543:European Parliament
8437:European Parliament
6829:Miscellaneous right
6758:Democratic Movement
6725:La France Insoumise
6596:. Peter Lang, 1999.
6402:16 May 2013 at the
6219:on the PCF website
5443:, citing data from
5339:Communism in France
4978:
4976:European Parliament
4970:European Parliament
4212:
4141:did not participate
4077:Marie-George Buffet
3942:did not participate
3692:list backed by the
3413:Jean-Claude Gayssot
3240:Marie-George Buffet
3206:Marie-George Buffet
3099:Grenelle agreements
3036:front organizations
2979:, Pascal Savoldelli
2937:, Stephane Little,
2452:PCF rallying for a
2410:Marie-George Buffet
2390:nuclear disarmament
2370:François Mitterrand
2282:as a result of the
2219:Great Syrian Revolt
2156:La France Insoumise
2112:François Mitterrand
373:European Parliament
228:Soft Euroscepticism
6821:Miscellaneous left
6565:6 May 2014 at the
6215:8 May 2013 at the
6105:. 9 September 2015
5970:Rouges & verts
5316:festival, held in
5314:FĂȘte de L'HumanitĂ©
4974:
4208:
4190:Jean-Luc MĂ©lenchon
4109:Jean-Luc MĂ©lenchon
3746:Meurthe-et-Moselle
3742:Montceau-les-Mines
3714:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
3518:Factional strength
3511:Jacqueline Fraysse
3303:Meurthe-et-Moselle
3291:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
3267:Jean-Luc MĂ©lenchon
3041:FĂȘte de l'HumanitĂ©
2975:, Laurence Cohen,
2927:Jean-Paul DufrĂšgne
2923:Pierre Dharréville
2831:French nationalism
2778:war in Afghanistan
2737:illegal immigrants
2672:at âŹ360,000 and a
2652:Jean-Luc MĂ©lenchon
2578:illegal immigrants
2458:
2144:Jean-Luc MĂ©lenchon
1853:Communist Alliance
1806:Socialist Alliance
724:Dominican Republic
441:Politics of France
337:The Internationale
60:National Secretary
9413:
9412:
9246:French Resistance
9109:General Secretary
9065:
9064:
9052:National Assembly
8806:French Resistance
8620:General Secretary
8576:
8575:
8506:Martin Schirdewan
8461:RenĂ©-Ămile Piquet
8413:Fausto Bertinotti
8401:
8400:
7753:
7752:
7017:Catalan Countries
6870:communist parties
6835:
6834:
6592:Sacker, Richard.
6585:Raymond, Gino G.
6482:978-1-107-00481-8
6126:, 7 January 1981.
5790:978-0-7190-1083-5
5256:
5255:
4967:
4966:
4418:
4387:
4222:
4210:National Assembly
4178:
4177:
3850:Romilly-sur-Seine
3832:and northwestern
3732:(where a form of
3641:
3640:
3503:Patrick Braouezec
3496:Jean-Pierre Brard
3044:organized by the
3001:Seine-Saint-Denis
2963:, Celine Brulin,
2957:Christine Prunaud
2908:Elected officials
2899:George Marchais,
2813:same-sex adoption
2809:same-sex marriage
2685:capital gains tax
2547:same-sex adoption
2543:same-sex marriage
2526:social democratic
2462:communist parties
2207:French parliament
2150:(PG). During the
2057:
2056:
1981:General Secretary
1966:Criticism of rule
1951:Central committee
488:Communist parties
473:
472:
446:Political parties
345:National Assembly
265:New Popular Front
9443:
9286:Social democracy
9157:Related articles
9110:
9101:
9092:
9085:
9078:
9069:
9068:
8919:La Voix de l'Est
8843:MarxismâLeninism
8832:Programme commun
8744:Related articles
8710:Georges Marchais
8698:Georges Marchais
8621:
8612:
8603:
8596:
8589:
8580:
8579:
8570:Transform Europe
8568:Eurofoundation:
8446:Giorgio Amendola
8439:Group presidents
8406:Party presidents
8391:
8390:
8379:
8378:
8367:
8366:
8355:
8354:
8343:
8342:
8331:
8330:
8319:
8318:
8307:
8306:
8295:
8294:
8283:
8270:
8269:
8258:
8257:
8246:
8245:
8229:
8228:
8217:
8216:
8194:
8193:
8182:
8181:
8165:
8164:
8153:
8152:
8141:
8140:
8129:
8128:
8117:
8116:
8105:Observer parties
8094:
8093:
8082:
8081:
8070:
8069:
8048:
8047:
8036:
8035:
8024:
8023:
8012:
8011:
7995:
7994:
7983:
7982:
7971:
7970:
7959:
7958:
7947:
7946:
7935:
7934:
7918:
7917:
7901:
7900:
7889:
7888:
7877:
7876:
7865:
7864:
7853:
7852:
7843:Spravedlivyj Mir
7841:
7840:
7829:
7828:
7814:
7813:
7802:
7789:
7780:
7773:
7766:
7757:
7756:
7747:Communism portal
6862:
6855:
6848:
6839:
6838:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6650:
6649:
6548:
6523:Bulaitis, John,
6496:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6466:
6460:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6423:. Archived from
6417:
6411:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6377:
6371:. Archived from
6370:
6362:
6356:
6350:
6339:
6338:
6327:
6321:
6320:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6294:
6288:. Archived from
6287:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6263:on 30 April 2013
6253:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6207:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6190:www.linkedin.com
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6157:
6151:
6138:
6127:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6013:Voice of America
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5979:
5973:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5929:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5685:. December 2020.
5679:
5670:
5669:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5614:
5608:
5597:
5591:
5581:
5575:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5519:(5). SAGE: 551.
5508:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5453:
5447:
5442:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5389:
5251:
5250:
5243:
5223:
5222:
5215:
5195:
5194:
5187:
5167:
5166:
5159:
5139:
5138:
5131:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5084:
5083:
5076:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5029:
5028:
5021:
4979:
4973:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4887:
4886:
4879:
4859:
4858:
4851:
4831:
4830:
4823:
4803:
4802:
4795:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4719:
4718:
4711:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4663:
4662:
4655:
4635:
4634:
4627:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4579:
4578:
4571:
4551:
4550:
4543:
4523:
4522:
4515:
4495:
4494:
4487:
4467:
4466:
4459:
4439:
4438:
4431:
4416:
4408:
4407:
4400:
4385:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4321:
4320:
4313:
4293:
4292:
4285:
4266:
4265:
4258:
4220:
4213:
4207:
4197:
4186:
4167:
4166:
4123:
4122:
4091:
4090:
4059:
4058:
4032:
4031:
4000:
3999:
3968:
3967:
3954:Georges Marchais
3924:
3923:
3864:
3863:
3846:La Seyne-sur-Mer
3797:, Paris proper,
3761:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3671:ColĂšre et espoir
3669:Maxime Gremetz,
3667:
3661:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3525:
3524:
3488:Charles Fiterman
3348:Georges Marchais
3332:ColĂšre et espoir
3263:MarxistâLeninist
3260:
3194:Georges Marchais
3186:Georges Marchais
3103:Bernard Thibault
3061:
3013:Maurice Duverger
2977:CĂ©cile Cukierman
2935:André Chassaigne
2919:Soumya Bourouaha
2903:
2883:Georges Marchais
2798:debt forgiveness
2792:, creation of a
2763:Treaty of Lisbon
2674:35-hour workweek
2663:
2597:Friedrich Engels
2575:
2551:Patrice Carvalho
2494:MarxistâLeninist
2490:Georges Marchais
2378:Georges Marchais
2363:
2327:By the time the
2280:Ădouard Daladier
2273:Munich Agreement
2141:
2079:
2074:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2019:
2018:
2017:
1986:MarxismâLeninism
1311:
1302:
1131:MarxistâLeninist
475:
474:
432:
427:
424:
422:
408:
394:
380:
366:
352:
324:
287:
268:
208:
207:
201:
125:
123:
118:
107:
74:CĂ©cile Cukierman
47:
28:
27:
9451:
9450:
9446:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9441:
9440:
9416:
9415:
9414:
9409:
9366:
9362:Socialist Party
9300:
9152:
9117:Louis Dubreuilh
9108:
9103:
9099:
9096:
9066:
9061:
9040:
9005:
8945:
8857:
8816:May 1947 crises
8739:
8619:
8614:
8610:
8607:
8577:
8572:
8562:
8531:
8510:
8471:Joaquim Miranda
8466:Alekos Alavanos
8456:Gianni Cervetti
8438:
8432:
8397:
8385:
8373:
8361:
8349:
8337:
8325:
8313:
8301:
8289:
8281:
8276:
8264:
8252:
8240:
8223:
8211:
8205:Partner parties
8200:
8188:
8176:
8159:
8147:
8135:
8123:
8111:
8100:
8088:
8076:
8072:PdA/PST-POP/PSL
8064:
8042:
8030:
8018:
8006:
7989:
7977:
7965:
7953:
7941:
7929:
7912:
7895:
7883:
7871:
7859:
7847:
7835:
7823:
7805:
7800:
7791:
7787:
7784:
7754:
7749:
7740:
6873:
6866:
6836:
6831:
6813:
6790:
6786:The Republicans
6762:
6739:
6735:Socialist Party
6706:
6683:
6677:
6603:
6571:Joly, DaniĂšle.
6567:Wayback Machine
6545:
6537:. Y Lolfa Cyf.
6504:
6502:Further reading
6499:
6494:
6490:
6483:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6454:
6445:
6444:
6440:
6430:
6428:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6404:Wayback Machine
6395:
6391:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6353:Chronologie PCF
6351:
6342:
6329:
6328:
6324:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6285:
6281:
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5886:. 11 April 2022
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5355:Reading Capital
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4311:
4286:
4283:
4259:
4256:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4187:
4183:
3862:
3811:Socialist Party
3803:Alpes-Maritimes
3706:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3592:
3590:
3585:
3577:
3575:
3520:
3507:François Asensi
3227:
3122:
3009:
2999:. The PCF lost
2951:Jean-Paul Lecoq
2943:Hubert Wulfranc
2931:SĂ©bastien Jumel
2910:
2904:
2898:
2851:French-speaking
2843:
2835:Main articles:
2833:
2735:, regularizing
2718:economic growth
2649:
2605:Great Recession
2566:Vitry-sur-Seine
2456:, 2012 in Paris
2446:
2382:Socialist Party
2345:Fourth Republic
2175:
2169:
2139:Front de gauche
2127:Socialist Party
2118:cabinet led by
2089:party in France
2072:
2053:
2015:
2013:
2006:
2005:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1662:United Kingdom
1381:MunkĂĄspĂĄrt 2006
1175:
1167:
1166:
864:
856:
855:
622:
614:
613:
497:
456:
455:
419:
409:
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395:
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381:
378:
367:
364:
353:
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322:
310:
283:
269:
263:
236:
232:
199:
147:
130:Split from
121:
119:
116:
103:
99:
97:Boris Souvarine
95:
91:
87:
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38:
37:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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9273:
9268:
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9250:Brutus Network
9243:
9238:
9233:
9223:
9221:Tours Congress
9218:
9211:
9204:
9199:
9197:Globe Congress
9194:
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9037:(2008âpresent)
9032:
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8808:
8803:
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8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8766:Tours Congress
8763:
8758:
8753:
8747:
8745:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8737:
8736:(2018âpresent)
8734:Fabien Roussel
8731:
8728:Pierre Laurent
8725:
8719:
8713:
8707:
8704:Waldeck Rochet
8701:
8695:
8692:Waldeck Rochet
8689:
8686:Maurice Thorez
8683:
8680:Jacques Duclos
8677:
8674:Maurice Thorez
8671:
8668:Maurice Thorez
8664:BenoĂźt Frachon
8653:
8647:
8641:
8631:
8624:
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8522:Gesine Lötzsch
8518:
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8511:
8509:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
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8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8442:
8440:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8430:
8425:
8423:Pierre Laurent
8420:
8415:
8409:
8407:
8403:
8402:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8383:
8371:
8359:
8347:
8335:
8323:
8311:
8299:
8286:
8284:
8282:Former members
8278:
8277:
8275:
8274:
8262:
8250:
8238:
8233:
8221:
8208:
8206:
8202:
8201:
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7999:
7987:
7975:
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7951:
7939:
7927:
7922:
7910:
7905:
7893:
7881:
7869:
7857:
7845:
7833:
7820:
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7817:Member parties
7811:
7807:
7806:
7796:
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7792:
7783:
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7768:
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7751:
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7704:
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7689:
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7679:
7674:
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7662:United Kingdom
7659:
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7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
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7505:
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7321:
7314:
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7302:
7297:
7292:
7282:
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7280:
7275:
7265:
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7253:
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7236:
7231:
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7177:
7176:
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7165:
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7150:
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7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7101:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7067:
7064:Czech Republic
7060:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7046:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6992:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6978:
6968:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6951:
6948:Basque Country
6944:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6910:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6899:PKSH 8 NĂ«ntori
6896:
6886:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6865:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6842:
6833:
6832:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6804:National Rally
6800:
6798:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6772:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6749:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6730:The Ecologists
6727:
6722:
6716:
6714:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6697:Lutte OuvriĂšre
6693:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6676:
6675:
6668:
6661:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6633:
6625:
6617:
6609:
6602:
6601:External links
6599:
6598:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6556:
6549:
6544:978-0862430962
6543:
6530:
6521:
6514:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6488:
6481:
6461:
6452:
6438:
6412:
6389:
6378:on 16 May 2013
6357:
6340:
6337:. 29 May 2014.
6322:
6306:
6295:on 16 May 2013
6274:
6248:
6246:, p. 211.
6236:
6234:, p. 210.
6224:
6202:
6177:
6152:
6128:
6116:
6090:
6065:
6026:
6015:. 15 June 2024
6000:
5989:. 23 June 2024
5974:
5951:
5939:
5897:
5875:
5857:
5843:
5816:(3): 521â543.
5796:
5789:
5771:
5759:guides.loc.gov
5745:
5727:
5708:(3): 363â390.
5688:
5671:
5624:
5609:
5592:
5576:
5563:
5556:
5538:
5513:Party Politics
5503:
5492:
5478:
5468:
5448:
5435:"EuropeElects"
5426:
5407:
5400:) – via
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5334:
5331:
5308:), founded by
5296:
5295:
5285:
5275:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5245:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5226:
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5133:
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5071:
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5016:
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4756:
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4706:
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4358:
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4351:
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4336:
4333:
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4315:
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4296:
4295:
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4280:
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4267:
4260:
4253:
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4247:
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4231:
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4226:
4223:
4217:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4153:Fabien Roussel
4150:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3986:André Lajoinie
3983:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3910:Jacques Duclos
3907:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3867:Election year
3861:
3858:
3759:ceinture rouge
3705:
3702:
3684:
3683:
3674:
3662:
3653:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3543:XXXVII (2016)
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3499:
3478:(PSU) and the
3463:
3462:
3424:
3381:
3376:and the later
3355:
3340:
3339:
3328:Maxime Gremetz
3319:
3318:
3299:Seine-Maritime
3271:European Union
3253:
3244:Pierre Laurent
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:Fabien Roussel
3215:
3212:Pierre Laurent
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3180:Waldeck Rochet
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:Jacques Duclos
3166:Maurice Thorez
3163:
3160:Maurice Thorez
3156:BenoĂźt Frachon
3144:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3121:
3118:
3091:Henri Krasucki
3083:BenoĂźt Frachon
3008:
3005:
2981:
2980:
2973:Ăliane Assassi
2953:
2947:Fabien Roussel
2915:Elsa Faucillon
2909:
2906:
2896:
2855:Sergey Tolstov
2832:
2829:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2774:
2759:
2752:Sixth Republic
2748:
2725:
2714:
2692:
2677:
2648:
2645:
2454:Sixth Republic
2445:
2442:
2434:Fabien Roussel
2430:Pierre Laurent
2366:Waldeck Rochet
2356:Fifth Republic
2300:National Front
2238:BenoĂźt Frachon
2234:Jacques Duclos
2230:Maurice Thorez
2171:Main article:
2168:
2165:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1953:
1947:
1945:Related topics
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1844:Former parties
1841:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:United Kingdom
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Czechoslovakia
1722:
1714:Former parties
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
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6607:PCF home page
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5854:. 5 May 2022.
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5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5107:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5079:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5051:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5024:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4980:
4977:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4938:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4882:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4854:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4826:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4798:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4770:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4742:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4714:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4686:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4658:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4630:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4602:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4574:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4546:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4518:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4490:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4462:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4434:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4403:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4372:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4344:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4316:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4288:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4221:(first round)
4214:
4211:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3842:Saint-Nazaire
3839:
3835:
3831:
3830:CĂŽtes-d'Armor
3826:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3801:, FinistĂšre,
3800:
3796:
3795:Pas-de-Calais
3792:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3768:Saint-Ătienne
3765:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3734:sharecropping
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3644:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3534:XXXIII (2006)
3533:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3484:Marcel Rigout
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3468:Pierre Juquin
3465:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:Eurocommunism
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3287:Alain Bocquet
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:Pierre Semard
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:Louis Viannet
3092:
3088:
3087:Georges SĂ©guy
3084:
3080:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3064:public sector
3060:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2987:. It has two
2986:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2939:Alain Bruneel
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:state within
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2745:public sector
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2706:Gaz de France
2702:
2701:
2697:
2696:nationalizing
2693:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2647:2012 platform
2644:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:globalization
2586:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2534:homosexuality
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2361:rapprochement
2357:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:Popular Front
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2242:Pierre Semard
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2195:revolutionary
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:), alongside
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2122:(1997â2002).
2121:
2120:Lionel Jospin
2117:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1077:SCP (Unified)
1075:
1073:
1072:SCP (Bakdash)
1070:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
872:
870:
867:
866:
860:
859:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
807:
804:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
785:
782:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
742:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
713:
712:PC de C (MâL)
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
687:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
650:
648:
645:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
624:
618:
617:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
578:South Africa
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
493:
492:
489:
486:
485:
481:
477:
476:
468:
464:
461:(1936â1938),
460:
459:Popular Front
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
435:
431:
426:
417:
412:
404:
402:
398:
390:
388:
384:
376:
374:
370:
362:
360:
356:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:
302:
299:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
266:
262:
258:
255:
251:
248:
246:
242:
239:
238:Eurocommunism
235:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
218:
216:
212:
203:
196:
193:
192:
188:
186:
182:
179:
176:
174:
170:
167:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:Marcel Cachin
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
72:
70:Spokespersons
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
29:
26:
22:
9389:
9378:Lefts Cartel
9311:
9296:Neosocialism
9241:The Vichy 80
9215:Le Populaire
9213:
9206:
9141:Daniel Mayer
9134:
8938:
8931:
8924:
8917:
8910:
8903:
8896:
8889:
8882:
8875:
8868:
8862:Publications
8838:Unitary Left
8830:
8771:Headquarters
8660:Pierre CĂ©lor
8609:
8569:
8491:Lothar Bisky
8418:Lothar Bisky
8321:Enhedslisten
8248:Marxist Left
7919:
7798:
7713:
7661:
7594:
7589:Transnistria
7587:
7580:
7563:
7516:
7509:
7492:
7485:
7443:
7436:
7419:
7402:
7385:
7378:
7371:
7354:
7347:
7340:
7323:
7316:
7284:
7267:
7245:
7208:
7186:
7179:
7152:
7130:
7125:
7103:
7096:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7038:
7027:Poble Lliure
7016:
6994:
6987:
6970:
6953:
6946:
6929:
6912:
6905:
6888:
6881:
6719:
6636:
6628:
6620:
6612:
6593:
6586:
6579:
6572:
6552:
6534:
6525:
6517:
6508:
6491:
6471:
6464:
6455:
6441:
6429:. Retrieved
6425:the original
6415:
6407:
6392:
6380:. Retrieved
6373:the original
6360:
6335:marxiste.org
6334:
6325:
6315:
6309:
6297:. Retrieved
6290:the original
6277:
6265:. Retrieved
6261:the original
6251:
6239:
6227:
6205:
6193:. Retrieved
6189:
6180:
6168:. Retrieved
6164:
6155:
6123:
6119:
6107:. Retrieved
6102:
6093:
6081:. Retrieved
6077:
6068:
6046:(2): 73â86.
6043:
6039:
6029:
6017:. Retrieved
6012:
6003:
5991:. Retrieved
5986:
5977:
5969:
5954:
5942:
5933:
5888:. Retrieved
5878:
5869:
5860:
5846:
5813:
5809:
5799:
5780:
5774:
5762:. Retrieved
5758:
5748:
5739:
5730:
5705:
5701:
5691:
5641:
5637:
5627:
5618:
5612:
5602:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5566:
5547:
5541:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5495:
5481:
5473:
5458:
5451:
5438:
5429:
5420:
5410:
5387:
5353:
5324:
5322:
5318:La Courneuve
5313:
5305:
5299:
5297:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5259:Publications
4184:
4140:
3941:
3860:Presidential
3854:
3827:
3823:Val-de-Marne
3788:
3707:
3697:
3694:refondateurs
3693:
3689:
3687:
3677:
3670:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3620:
3598:
3540:XXXVI (2013)
3537:XXXIV (2008)
3531:XXXII (2003)
3521:
3451:ecosocialism
3438:
3435:refondateurs
3434:
3430:
3427:Refondateurs
3426:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3378:Soviet Union
3357:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3231:
3228:
3152:Pierre Celor
3123:
3108:
3107:
3076:
3068:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3029:
3010:
2993:Val-de-Marne
2982:
2961:Ăric Bocquet
2900:
2892:
2844:
2806:
2790:1967 borders
2704:
2698:
2670:maximum wage
2666:minimum wage
2650:
2634:
2627:
2610:
2582:
2559:
2555:
2530:
2506:Soviet Union
2487:
2481:
2459:
2426:Unitary Left
2398:
2353:
2326:
2307:
2277:
2246:
2227:
2185:(SFIC) with
2182:
2176:
2131:
2124:
2105:
2081:
2060:
2058:
1879:New Zealand
1843:
1842:
1822:New Zealand
1770:West Germany
1755:Soviet Union
1730:East Germany
1713:
1712:
1562:Switzerland
1297:
1154:
1147:
1143:Saudi Arabia
1094:
1093:
1033:Philippines
566:
517:Burkina Faso
189:
173:Student wing
163:
140:Headquarters
52:Abbreviation
25:
21:Fosun Pharma
9406:(1965â1968)
9400:(1947â1958)
9398:Third Force
9394:(1944â1947)
9391:Tripartisme
9386:(1936â1938)
9380:(1924â1934)
9305:Derivatives
9281:Possibilism
9226:French Turn
9149:(1946â1969)
9143:(1943â1946)
9137:(1940â1943)
9131:(1920â1940)
9125:(1918â1920)
9119:(1905â1918)
9031:(1997â2002)
9029:Plural Left
9025:(1940â1947)
9019:(1936â1938)
8950:Derivatives
8905:Front rouge
8730:(2010â2018)
8724:(2001â2010)
8718:(1994â2001)
8712:(1972â1994)
8700:(1969â1972)
8694:(1964â1969)
8688:(1953â1964)
8682:(1950â1953)
8676:(1930â1950)
8670:(1929â1930)
8656:Henri Barbé
8652:(1924â1929)
8640:(1923â1924)
8630:(1921â1923)
8527:Klaus Ernst
8501:Manon Aubry
8496:Gabi Zimmer
8451:Guido Fanti
8428:Gregor Gysi
7582:Switzerland
7380:Netherlands
6753:Renaissance
6613:Communistes
6578:Kemp, Tom.
6431:12 November
6408:CommunisteS
6221:(in French)
5740:Le Monde.fr
5368:Roger Roche
5310:Jean JaurĂšs
5282:Weekly News
5268:Communistes
4204:Legislative
3439:rénovateurs
3431:RĂ©novateurs
3417:Jack Ralite
3336:Communistes
3307:Haute-SaĂŽne
3283:André Gerin
3148:Henri Barbé
3113:Jean JaurĂšs
3018:trade union
2786:Palestinian
2741:golden rule
2630:Eurosceptic
2614:egalitarian
2406:Plural Left
2318:Free France
2211:colonialism
2191:Ho Chi Minh
2116:Plural Left
2001:Vanguardism
1996:Secretariat
1740:Netherlands
1443:Netherlands
1019:North Korea
873:Bangladesh
594:South Sudan
532:Ivory Coast
469:(1997â2002)
467:Plural Left
314:(1947â1956)
273:(2022â2024)
198:Membership
105:Há» ChĂ Minh
78:Ian Brossat
9420:Categories
9230:Trotskyism
9208:L'Humanité
9147:Guy Mollet
9129:Paul Faure
9035:Left Front
8940:Pif Gadget
8870:L'Humanité
8716:Robert Hue
8345:MunkĂĄspĂĄrt
8219:Der Wandel
8096:Left Unity
7487:San Marino
7349:Luxembourg
7224:Anasintaxi
6930:Azerbaijan
6819:See also:
6809:ReconquĂȘte
6637:L'Humanité
6621:Info Hebdo
6447:"Atlaspol"
6124:L'Humanité
5588:L'Humanité
5557:052139998X
5380:References
5326:Pif gadget
5301:L'Humanité
5278:Info Hebdo
5272:Communists
5206:1,252,730
5178:1,115,021
5150:1,009,976
5122:1,196,310
5095:1,342,222
5067:1,401,171
5039:2,261,312
5012:4,153,710
4870:1,792,923
4842:1,115,663
4814:1,216,178
4786:2,523,405
4758:2,331,339
4730:2,765,761
4702:2,739,225
4674:4,065,540
4646:5,870,402
4618:5,085,108
4590:4,434,832
4562:5,039,032
4534:4,003,553
4506:3,882,204
4478:5,514,403
4450:4,939,380
4422:5,430,593
4391:5,145,325
4360:5,024,174
4332:1,502,404
4276:1,066,099
4194:Left Front
4188:Supported
4113:3,984,822
4022:2,638,936
4018:Robert Hue
3990:2,056,261
3958:4,456,922
3914:4,808,285
3876:2nd round
3873:1st round
3870:Candidate
3786:minority.
3621:La Riposte
3421:Ivan Renar
3388:Robert Hue
3366:Trotskyist
3358:La Riposte
3249:Left Front
3200:Robert Hue
3120:Leadership
3109:L'Humanité
3046:L'Humanité
3031:L'Humanité
2965:Fabien Gay
2913:Deputies:
2821:euthanasia
2733:HADOPI law
2724:indicator.
2622:democratic
2572:Libération
2522:capitalist
2510:Robert Hue
2422:Left Party
2418:Left Front
2402:Robert Hue
2333:Tripartite
2304:Resistance
2148:Left Party
2134:Left Front
2108:Liberation
2095:, and its
2073:pronounced
1928:INITIATIVE
1849:Australia
1792:Australia
1775:Yugoslavia
1503:San Marino
1428:Luxembourg
1376:MunkĂĄspĂĄrt
1366:Anasintaxi
1205:Azerbaijan
1084:Tajikistan
1048:Sri Lanka
979:Kyrgyzstan
974:Kazakhstan
840:Venezuela
626:Argentina
552:Madagascar
185:Youth wing
165:L'Humanité
122:1920-12-30
9371:Alliances
9271:Blanquism
8231:Ensemble!
8131:AKEL/ÎÎÎÎ
7937:Die Linke
7557:PCE (m-l)
7459:ROT Front
7355:Macedonia
7324:Lithuania
7219:KKE (m-l)
6872:in Europe
6868:Orthodox
6796:Far-right
6639:home page
6631:home page
6623:home page
6615:home page
6109:27 August
6083:27 August
6060:0294-1759
6019:28 August
5993:28 August
5987:France 24
5890:26 August
5830:0022-0094
5764:21 August
5722:1469-512X
5658:0147-5479
5604:L'Express
5533:144957277
4982:Election
4486:150 / 595
4458:103 / 625
4430:182 / 627
4399:153 / 586
4368:159 / 586
4216:Election
3754:Marseille
3738:Commentry
3599:Novateurs
3374:Stalinism
3344:Novateurs
3026:newspaper
3024:(CGT); a
2991:â in the
2867:Alsatians
2863:Corsicans
2794:Tobin tax
2593:Karl Marx
2518:communism
2514:Stalinism
2466:left wing
2314:de Gaulle
2288:Comintern
2265:LĂ©on Blum
2253:Stalinist
2203:Comintern
2160:electoral
2099:sit with
2086:communist
1991:Politburo
1956:Communism
1923:Cominform
1918:Comintern
1536:PCE (MâL)
1496:RCWP-CPSU
1457:Portugal
1423:Lithuania
1234:Bulgaria
1116:Indonesia
1100:Cambodia
1029:Palestine
997:CPN (UML)
917:CPI-ML(L)
799:PCdelPâPR
703:Colombia
451:Elections
312:Cominform
250:Left-wing
223:Communism
160:Newspaper
8536:See also
8260:TĂĄncsics
7985:DĂ©i LĂ©nk
7687:CPGB-PCC
7493:Slovakia
7420:Portugal
7022:Endavant
6995:Bulgaria
6976:PvdA/PTB
6883:Abkhazia
6776:Horizons
6689:Far-left
6575:. (1991)
6563:Archived
6513:. (1994)
6400:Archived
6213:Archived
6161:"France"
6144:Archived
5962:Archived
5871:instead.
5666:27671647
5417:"France"
5333:See also
5306:Humanity
5234:564,949
4934:12 / 577
4926:607,667
4906:10 / 577
4898:615,487
4850:15 / 577
4822:21 / 577
4794:35 / 577
4766:24 / 577
4738:27 / 575
4710:35 / 573
4682:44 / 491
4654:86 / 488
4626:73 / 488
4598:34 / 487
4570:73 / 487
4542:41 / 465
4514:10 / 546
4340:72 / 610
4312:10 / 607
4304:796,630
4284:11 / 604
4257:26 / 581
4249:885,993
4157:802,422
4081:707,268
4049:960,480
3834:Morbihan
3819:Limousin
3791:Limousin
3784:Huguenot
3780:CĂ©vennes
3776:Grenoble
3718:Le Havre
3698:novateur
3568:Orthodox
3548:Majority
3455:feminism
3443:New Left
3392:mutation
3369:entryist
3326:(PRCF).
3275:Eurozone
3273:and the
3258:mutation
3252:parties.
3232:de facto
3225:Factions
3059:ouvriers
2897:â
2875:Catalans
2847:Jacobins
2825:abortion
2687:and the
2635:For the
2618:humanist
2603:and the
2508:. Under
2502:Leninist
2482:de facto
2444:Ideology
2374:May 1968
2225:(1931).
1681:CPGB-PCC
1647:Ukraine
1513:Slovakia
1387:Ireland
1372:Hungary
1332:Germany
1264:Denmark
1214:Belgium
1189:Austria
1162:Thailand
1042:PKP-1930
1024:Pakistan
1007:CPN (US)
1002:CPN (MC)
922:CPI(Mst)
784:Paraguay
728:Ecuador
621:Americas
527:Eswatini
512:Botswana
480:a series
478:Part of
365:14 / 348
254:far-left
215:Ideology
152:â 75019
84:Founders
9276:Marxism
9010:Related
8795:FTP-MOI
8333:SYN/Σ΄Î
7810:Parties
7734:Borotba
7714:Ukraine
7697:RCPB-ML
7677:CPGB-ML
7600:1920TKP
7438:Romania
7373:Moldova
7268:Ireland
7256:MM 2006
7246:Hungary
7229:M-L KKE
7187:Germany
7181:Georgia
7153:Galicia
7104:Finland
7070:Denmark
7039:Croatia
6971:Belgium
6954:Belarus
6913:Austria
6907:Armenia
6889:Albania
6382:10 July
6299:10 July
6267:10 July
6195:22 June
5402:Twitter
5047:10 / 81
5020:19 / 81
4878:7 / 577
3879:Result
3838:Le Mans
3793:", the
3563:51,20%
3528:Faction
3396:Huistes
3384:Huistes
2879:Flemish
2871:Basques
2859:Bretons
2337:statism
2324:(CNR).
2257:fascism
2215:Rif War
2167:History
2103:group.
2084:) is a
1960:history
1801:CPA(ML)
1787:Oceania
1750:Romania
1720:Albania
1706:RCPB-ML
1676:CPGB-ML
1577:Turkey
1547:Sweden
1477:Russia
1473:Romania
1438:Moldova
1352:Greece
1328:Georgia
1294:France
1290:Finland
1285:Estonia
1250:Croatia
1210:Belarus
1185:Armenia
1180:Albania
1149:Sarawak
1089:Vietnam
989:Lebanon
927:SUCI(C)
869:Bahrain
806:Uruguay
777:PC(ml)P
768:Panama
743:Mexico
651:Brazil
647:Bolivia
609:Tunisia
574:Senegal
568:RĂ©union
562:Morocco
557:Namibia
542:Lesotho
502:Algeria
414:Website
351:8 / 577
120: (
112:Founded
9135:Vacant
9057:Senate
8706:(1972)
8646:(1924)
8038:Levica
7949:Syriza
7879:Levice
7724:KPU(o)
7692:CPB-ML
7595:Turkey
7564:Sweden
7547:PCE(r)
7444:Russia
7403:Poland
7386:Norway
7318:Latvia
7310:PCIM-L
7209:Greece
7126:France
7057:Cyprus
6745:Centre
6560:online
6541:
6479:
6170:23 May
6058:
5838:260039
5836:
5828:
5787:
5720:
5664:
5656:
5554:
5531:
5466:
5242:0 / 74
5214:1 / 74
5186:3 / 72
5158:2 / 74
5130:6 / 87
5103:7 / 87
5075:7 / 81
4988:Seats
4985:Votes
4225:Seats
4219:Votes
4116:11.10
3961:15.35
3917:21.27
3893:Votes
3884:Votes
3799:NiĂšvre
3750:Longwy
3726:Allier
3722:Dieppe
3700:list.
3690:huiste
3637:5,40%
3634:10.05%
3631:15.05%
3606:11.44%
3603:21.38%
3593:6,86%
3591:12,87%
3589:23,68%
3584:10.99%
3581:24.02%
3574:13.25%
3571:23.60%
3560:73.16%
3554:63.38%
3551:55.02%
3338:party.
3305:, the
3020:, the
2997:Allier
2620:, and
2424:(PG),
2349:Thorez
2249:Thorez
2065:French
1760:Turkey
1745:Poland
1671:CPB-ML
1641:TKP/ML
1631:TKEP/L
1581:DHKP/C
1517:Spain
1508:Serbia
1453:Poland
1448:Norway
1418:Latvia
1402:Italy
1255:Cyprus
1174:Europe
1156:Taiwan
1068:Syria
993:Nepal
969:Jordan
959:Israel
947:Toufan
912:CPI(M)
903:India
889:Bhutan
829:RCPUSA
697:PC(AP)
688:Chile
682:CPC-ML
672:Canada
496:Africa
407:0 / 95
393:0 / 17
379:0 / 74
359:Senate
332:Anthem
323:
319:Colors
209:42,237
200:(2023)
8196:Sortu
7855:BL/ĐĐ
7517:Spain
7503:VZDOR
7474:AUCPB
7285:Italy
7261:MSZMP
7005:BKP-M
6940:AYNKP
6768:Right
6679:Main
6376:(PDF)
6369:(PDF)
6293:(PDF)
6286:(PDF)
5834:JSTOR
5662:JSTOR
5529:S2CID
5398:Tweet
5042:11.2
5015:20.5
4733:11.3
4677:16.2
4649:20.6
4621:21.4
4593:20.0
4565:22.5
4537:20.8
4509:18.9
4481:23.6
4453:26.3
4425:28.3
4417:(Nov)
4415:1946
4394:26.0
4386:(Jun)
4384:1946
4363:26.2
4335:15.3
4279:11.3
4174:Lost
4160:2.28
4130:Lost
4098:Lost
4084:1.93
4066:Lost
4060:11th
4052:3.37
4039:Lost
4025:8.66
4007:Lost
3993:6.76
3975:Lost
3931:Lost
3899:Rank
3890:Rank
3586:5.81%
3578:3.71%
3576:8.22%
3557:60.9%
3311:Aisne
3295:Somme
2711:Areva
1913:IMCWP
1735:Italy
1596:KDH/L
1433:Malta
1121:Korea
964:Japan
942:Tudeh
933:Iran
899:China
894:Burma
849:PCMLV
814:CPUSA
762:PCMML
737:PCMLE
655:PCdoB
599:Sudan
547:Libya
537:Kenya
522:Egypt
507:Benin
308:IMCWP
154:Paris
9189:and
9175:and
8821:MRAP
8666:and
8636:and
8393:B.E.
8143:KSÄM
8060:EUiA
7997:PCRM
7908:Vas.
7729:KPRS
7682:NCPB
7655:TSÄ°P
7650:TKÄ°P
7630:SYKP
7615:EMEP
7537:PCOE
7532:PCTE
7527:PCPE
7464:RCWP
7449:CPRF
7430:PCTP
7408:PZPR
7396:RĂždt
7365:STLS
7305:PMLI
7202:MLPD
7173:PCPG
7146:PRCF
7136:PCRF
7080:KPiD
6894:PKSH
6827:and
6712:Left
6539:ISBN
6477:ISBN
6433:2017
6410:#501
6384:2014
6301:2014
6269:2014
6197:2022
6172:2022
6111:2024
6085:2024
6056:ISSN
6021:2024
5995:2024
5892:2024
5826:ISSN
5785:ISBN
5766:2024
5718:ISSN
5654:ISSN
5552:ISBN
5464:ISBN
5362:MRAP
5237:2.5
5230:2019
5209:6.6
5202:2014
5181:6.5
5174:2009
5153:5.9
5146:2004
5125:6.8
5118:1999
5098:6.9
5091:1994
5070:7.7
5063:1989
5035:1984
5008:1979
4963:TBD
4960:TBD
4957:TBD
4954:TBD
4950:2024
4929:2.9
4922:2022
4901:2.7
4894:2017
4873:6.9
4866:2012
4845:4.3
4838:2007
4817:4.8
4810:2002
4789:9.9
4782:1997
4761:9.3
4754:1993
4726:1988
4705:9.8
4698:1986
4670:1981
4642:1978
4614:1973
4586:1968
4558:1967
4530:1962
4524:140
4502:1958
4474:1956
4446:1951
4356:1945
4328:1936
4307:8.3
4300:1932
4272:1928
4252:9.8
4245:1924
4168:8th
4148:2022
4136:2017
4124:4th
4104:2012
4092:7th
4072:2007
4045:2002
4033:5th
4013:1995
4001:5th
3981:1988
3969:4th
3949:1981
3937:1974
3925:3rd
3905:1969
3821:and
3805:and
3774:and
3772:AlĂšs
3764:Lyon
3740:and
3730:Cher
3728:and
3720:and
3710:Nord
3509:and
3486:and
3457:and
3364:, a
3315:Tarn
3313:and
3242:and
3077:The
2995:and
2985:MEPs
2839:and
2782:NATO
2709:and
2595:and
2545:and
2388:and
2316:'s "
2236:and
2197:and
2097:MEPs
2059:The
1883:CPNZ
1691:NCPB
1636:TKIP
1626:TKEP
1621:TDKP
1616:MLKP
1591:HTKP
1586:EMEP
1541:PCTE
1531:PCPE
1486:CPRF
1466:PCTP
1346:MLPD
1321:PCRF
1316:PRCF
1309:PCOF
1104:KPRP
1062:FLSP
1052:CPSL
1012:NWPP
984:Laos
954:Iraq
863:Asia
789:Peru
757:PPSM
719:Cuba
692:PCCh
640:PCRA
635:PCCE
604:Togo
587:SACP
463:CNFL
423:.pcf
8357:RCS
8309:PCB
8184:KSS
8172:BKP
8167:YKP
8084:SOL
8055:PCE
8014:PSR
8002:PCP
7973:PRC
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