Myth of the Noble savage

1511: 1274: 1495: 243: 1364:(self-regard) is a "factitious feeling arising, only in society, which leads a man to think more highly of himself than of any other." Therefore, "it is this desire for reputation, honors, and preferment which devours us all . . . this rage to be distinguished, that we own what is best and worst in men — our virtues and our vices, our sciences and our errors, our conquerors and our philosophers — in short, a vast number of evil things and a small number of good "; that is the aspect of character "which inspires men to all the evils which they inflict upon one another." 199: 800: 928:, each of them, of course, a "Gegen-Konstruktion" to the conditions under which it was formed. One view, termed "soft" primitivism in an illuminating book by Lovejoy and Boas, conceives of primitive life as a golden age of plenty, innocence, and happiness — in other words, as civilized life purged of its vices. The other, "hard" form of primitivism conceives of primitive life as an almost subhuman existence full of terrible hardships and devoid of all comforts — in other words, as civilized life stripped of its virtues. 432: 496:(1609–1924) for possession of the land, European white settlers considered the Indians "an inferior breed of men" and mocked them by using the terms "Lo" and "Mr. Lo" as disrespectful forms of address. In the Western U.S., those terms of address also referred to East Coast humanitarians whose noble-savage conception of the American Indian was unlike the warrior who confronted and fought the frontiersman. Concerning the story of the settler Thomas Alderdice, whose wife was captured and killed by 288: 1070:

because the fruit thereof is uncertain; and consequently no Culture of the Earth; no Navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by Sea; no commodious Building; no Instruments of moving, and removing such things as require much force; no Knowledge of the face of the Earth; no account of Time; no Arts; no Letters; no Society; and which is worst of all, continuall feare, and danger of violent death; And the life of man, solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short.

7060: 488:, etc., constituting the very best corn-lands on Earth, and saw their owners sitting around the doors of their lodges at the height of the planting season, and in as good, bright planting weather as sun and soil ever made, I could not help saying: "These people must die out — there is no help for them. God has given this earth to those who will subdue and cultivate it, and it is vain to struggle against His righteous decree." 1676:

commentators who found Greece to be a positive inspiration for resistance to austerity policies and the neoliberalism of the EU These commentators' positive embrace of the periphery (their noble-savage ideal) is the other side of the mainstream views, also dominant during that period, that stereotyped Greece and the South as lazy and corrupt.

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head. All the noble savage's wars with his fellow-savages (and he takes no pleasure in anything else) are wars of extermination — which is the best thing I know of him, and the most comfortable to my mind when I look at him. He has no moral feelings of any kind, sort, or description; and his "mission" may be summed up as simply diabolical.

1755:, LeBlanc further documents the mythical notion of primitive non-violence against foreign tribal peoples, internal strife and internecine violence, as well as violence against animals and wildlife. In many of these instances the homicide rate even rising to substantially higher levels than that seen in modernity. 1570:

To conclude as I began. My position is that if we have anything to learn from the Noble Savage it is what to avoid. His virtues are a fable; his happiness is a delusion; his nobility, nonsense. We have no greater justification for being cruel to the miserable object, than for being cruel to a WILLIAM

1555:

The noble savage sets a king to reign over him, to whom he submits his life and limbs without a murmur or question, and whose whole life is passed chin deep in a lake of blood; but who, after killing incessantly, is in his turn killed by his relations and friends the moment a grey hair appears on his

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Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of War, where every man is Enemy to every man; the same is consequent to the time, wherein men live without other security, than what their own strength, and their own invention shall furnish them withall. In such condition, there is no place for Industry;

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The cannibal practices are admitted but presented as part of a complex and balanced set of customs and beliefs which "make sense" in their own right. They are attached to a powerfully positive morality of valor and pride, one that would have been likely to appeal to early modern codes of honor, and

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The leaders of the savages accosted them thus: “We abandoned for you, the pleasant sea-coast, so that we have nothing left, but these almost inaccessible mountains: at least, it is just that you leave us in peace and liberty. Go, and never forget that you owe your lives to our feeling of humanity.

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Despite European idealization of the noble savage as a type of morally superior man, in the essay “The Noble Savage” (1853), Dickens expressed repugnance for the American Indians and their way of life, because they were dirty and cruel and continually quarrelled among themselves. In the satire of

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They greatly excel the Lowlanders in all the exercises that require agility; they are incredibly abstemious, and patient of hunger and fatigue; so steeled against the weather, that in traveling, even when the ground is covered with snow, they never look for a house, or any other shelter but their

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In many ways, the noble savage notion entails fantasies about the non-West that cut to the core of the conversation in the social sciences about Orientalism, colonialism and exoticism. The key question that emerges here is whether an admiration of "the Other" as noble undermines or reproduces the

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In "The Prehistory of Warfare: Misled by Ethnography" (2006), the researchers Jonathan Haas and Matthew Piscitelli challenged the idea that the human species is innately bellicose and that warfare is an occasional activity by a society, but is not an inherent part of human culture. Moreover, the

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led him to retire to his lands in the Périgord region, and remain silent on all public affairs until the 1580s. Thus, it seems that he was traumatized by the massacre. To him, cruelty was a criterion that differentiated the Wars of Religion from previous conflicts, which he idealized. Montaigne

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I have learned to appreciate better than hitherto, and to make more allowance for the dislike, aversion, contempt wherewith Indians are usually regarded by their white neighbors, and have been since the days of the Puritans. It needs but little familiarity with the actual, palpable aborigines to

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We value health, frugality, liberty, and vigor of body and mind: the love of virtue, the fear of the gods, a natural goodness toward our neighbors, attachment to our friends, fidelity to all the world, moderation in prosperity, fortitude in adversity, courage always bold to speak the truth, and

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Franklin praised the way of life of indigenous people, their customs of hospitality, their councils of government, and acknowledged that while some Europeans had foregone civilization to live like a "savage", the opposite rarely occurred, because few indigenous people chose "civilization" over

1653:; hence, "life before domestication agriculture was, in fact, largely one of leisure, intimacy with nature, sensual wisdom, sexual equality, and health." Zerzan's claims about the moral superiority of primitive societies are based on a certain reading of the works of anthropologists, such as 1675:

In anthropology, the argument has been made that key tenets of the noble-savage idea inform cultural investments in places seemingly removed from the Tropics, such as the Mediterranean and specifically Greece, during the debt crisis by European institutions (such as documenta) and by various

477:— is only visible to the poet's eye. To the prosaic observer, the average Indian of the woods and prairies is a being who does little credit to human nature — a slave of appetite and sloth, never emancipated from the tyranny of one animal passion, save by the more ravenous demands of another. 316:

of the time, for which a type of non-European Other became a background character for European stories about adventurous Europeans in the strange lands beyond continental Europe. For the novels, the opera, and the stageplays, the stock of characters included the "Virtuous Milkmaid" and the

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Raynal brought home to the conscience of Europeans the miseries which had befallen the natives of the New World through the Christian conquerors and their priests. He was not indeed an enthusiastic preacher of Progress. He was unable to decide between the comparative advantages of the

1130:, a figure of fun in his blue coat, his red hose, his black hat, his white plume and his green ribands. He never really lives, because he is always torturing the life out of himself to clutch at wealth and honors, which, even if he wins them, will prove to be but glittering illusions. 1427:; on the other hand, an increasing estrangement of men from one another, an intensification of ill-will and mutual fear, culminating in a monstrous epoch of universal conflict and mutual destruction. And the chief cause of the latter process Rousseau, following Hobbes and 1359:

Having invented tools, discovered fire, and transcended the state of nature, Rousseau said that "it is easy to see. . . . that all our labors are directed upon two objects only, namely, for oneself, the commodities of life, and consideration on the part of others"; thus

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position. Nor was this the whole of the difference. As compared with the then-conventional pictures of the savage state, Rousseau's account, even of this third stage, is far less idyllic; and it is so because of his fundamentally unfavorable view of human nature

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term, Pope's phrase "Lo, the Poor Indian!" was used to dehumanize the natives of North America for European purposes, and so justified white settlers' conflicts with the local Indians for possession of the land. In the mid-19th century, the journalist-editor

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newspaper said: "We wish some philanthropists, who talk about civilizing the Indians, could have heard this unfortunate and almost broken-hearted man tell his story. We think would at least have wavered a little in their opinion of the Lo family."

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He chose to depict cruelty through the image of hunting, which fitted with the tradition of condemning hunting for its association with blood and death, but it was still quite surprising, to the extent that this practice was part of the

146:

is a "war of all against all", for which reason the lives of men and women are "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" without the political organization of people and resources. The European Hobbes gave, incorrectly, as example the

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been going on upon a scale beyond all precedent: immense progress in man's knowledge and in his powers over nature, and, at the same time, a steady increase of rivalries, distrust, hatred and, at last, "the most horrible state of war"

273:(1672), about the troubled love of the hero Almanzor and the Moorish beauty Almahide, in which the protagonist defends his life as a free man by denying a prince's right to put him to death, because he is not a subject of the prince: 1671:

of the American Indians of the north-west North America, who live from fishing and foraging, is attributed to having domesticated dogs and the cultivation of tobacco, that animal husbandry and agriculture equal civilization.

1164:, which appeared in 1772. It is however one of the most remarkable books of the century. Its immediate practical importance lay in the array of facts which it furnished to the friends of humanity in the movement against 785:

Montaigne associated the propensity to cruelty toward animals, with that exercised toward men. After all, following the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, the invented image of Charles IX shooting Huguenots from the

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SHAKESPEARE or an ISAAC NEWTON; but he passes away before an immeasurably better and higher power than ever ran wild in any earthly woods, and the world will be all the better when this place knows him no more.

1435:. A large survey of history does not belie these generalizations, and the history of the period since Rousseau wrote lends them a melancholy verisimilitude. Precisely the two processes, which he described have 742:

recognition that people are people, despite their different customs, traditions, and codes of honor. The academic David El Kenz explicates Montaigne's background concerning the violence of customary morality:

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were greatly surprised and alarmed by the sight of our ships and arms and retired to the mountains. But since our soldiers were curious to see the country and hunt deer, they were met by some of these savage

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is a distinct species of Man — Crawfurd and Hunt dismissed the arguments of their opponents by accusing them of being proponents of "Rousseau's Noble Savage". Later in his career, Crawfurd re-introduced the

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For Rousseau, man's good lay in departing from his "natural" state — but not too much; "perfectability", up to a certain point, was desirable, though beyond that point an evil. Not its infancy but its

653:(1550–1551) of the moral philosophy of enslaving the native peoples of the Spanish colonies, Bishop de las Casas reported the noble-savage culture of the natives, especially noting their plain-manner 754:

Montaigne discussed the first three wars of religion (1562–63; 1567–68; 1568–70) quite specifically; he had personally participated in , on the side of the royal army, in southwestern France. The

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In the Kingdom of France, critics of the Crown and Church risked censorship and summary imprisonment without trial, and primitivism was political protest against the repressive imperial règimes of

1148:

Interest in the remote peoples of the Earth, in the unfamiliar civilizations of the East, in the untutored races of America and Africa, was vivid in France in the 18th century. Everyone knows how

1344:, Rousseau said that the rise of humanity began a "formidable struggle for existence" between the species man and the other animal species of Nature. That under the pressure of survival emerged 1156:

used Hurons or Persians to hold up the glass to Western manners and morals, as Tacitus used the Germans to criticize the society of Rome. But very few ever look into the seven volumes of the

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For science and the arts are but the parents of corruption. The Savage obeys the will of Nature, his kindly mother, therefore he is happy. It is civilized folk who are the real barbarians.

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If the offended gods so far blind you as to make you reject peace, you will find, when it is too late, that the people who are moderate and lovers of peace are the most formidable in war.”

1396:, who represented an absolute idea of the first state of innocence "before men knew how to sin." The men in Rousseau's "nascent society" already had 'bien des querelles et des combats" ; 1177:

and the most highly cultivated society. But he observes that "the human race is what we wish to make it", that the felicity of Man depends entirely on the improvement of legislation, and

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considered that three factors accounted for the shift from regular war to the carnage of civil war: popular intervention, religious demagogy, and the never-ending aspect of the conflict.

1423:

declares that there is a dual process going on through history; on the one hand, an indefinite progress in all those powers and achievements which express merely the potency of man's

843:(Dutch Guiana, 1667–1954). In the course of his enslavement, Oroonoko meets the woman who narrates to the reader the life and love of Prince Oroonoko, his enslavement, his leading a 1336:

was essentially a glorification of the State of Nature, and that its influence tended to wholly or chiefly to promote “Primitivism” is one of the most persistent historical errors.

1215:, in which he referred to the Paxton Boys as "Christian white savages" and called for judicial punishment of those who carried the Bible in one hand and a hatchet in the other. 64:

who is uncorrupted by civilization. As such, the "noble" savage symbolizes the innate goodness and moral superiority of a primitive people living in harmony with Nature. In the

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the Europeans granted themselves the right to colonize the natives inhabiting the islands and the continental lands of the northern, the central, and the southern Americas.

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was the best age of the human race. The distinction may seem to us slight enough; but in the mid-eighteenth century it amounted to an abandonment of the stronghold of the

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To come to the point at once, I beg to say that I have not the least belief in the Noble Savage. I consider him a prodigious nuisance and an enormous superstition. . . .

360:(geographic, cultural, political) of North America as an ideal place for the European man to commune with Nature, far from the artifice of civilisation; yet in the poem “ 2305:, Patrick Riley, translator (Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 130–131; Riley's translation is based on the translation by Tobias Smollett, 1776 (op. cit. p. xvii). 6746: 1293:

likewise believed that Man is innately good, and that urban civilization, characterized by jealousy, envy, and self-consciousness, has made men bad in character. In

202:

In the essay "Of Cannibals" (1580), about the Tupinambá people of Brazil, the philosopher Michel de Montaigne introduced the noble savage (nature's gentleman) as a

637:(1521–1821) eventually produced bad-conscience recriminations amongst the European intelligentsias for and against colonialism. As the Roman Catholic Bishop of 1527:

Dickens showed that the painter Catlin, the Indian Gallery of portraits and landscapes, and the white people who admire the idealized American Indians or the

1826: 5065: 2752: 2245: 1551:

I don't care what he calls me. I call him a savage, and I call a savage a something highly desirable to be civilized off the face of the Earth. . . .

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Men become men only in a civil society based upon law, and only a reformed system of education can make men good; the academic Lovejoy explains that:

5055: 3218:(1923, 1943). "The Supposed Primitivism of Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality, " Modern Philology Vol. 21, No. 2 (Nov., 1923):165–186. Reprinted in 7114: 1126:

looks with compassion on poor civilized man — no courage, no strength, incapable of providing himself with food and shelter: a degenerate, a moral

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way of life. Montaigne reviled hunting by describing it as an urban massacre scene. In addition, the man–animal relationship allowed him to define

790:

window did combine the established reputation of the King as a hunter, with a stigmatization of hunting, a cruel and perverted custom, did it not?

1025:

plaid, in which they wrap themselves up, and go to sleep under the cope of heaven. Such people, in quality of soldiers, must be invincible. . . .

730:, yet neither were the Tupinambá culturally or morally inferior to his contemporary, 16th-century European civilization. From the perspective of 1388:

savages are quite unlike Dryden's Indians: "Guiltless men, that danced away their time, / Fresh as the groves and happy as their clime" or Mrs.

889:

of the love story, the circumstances, and the characters, which consequently gave political importance to the play and the novel for the candid

578:

isolated from his society, whose trials and tribulations lead him to knowledge of Allah by living a rustic life in harmony with Mother Nature.

106: 1510: 428:

of the non-European Other derived from the mirror logic of the Enlightenment belief that "men, everywhere and in all times, are the same".

1698:" is contradicted and refuted by archeologic evidence that indicates that violence was common practice in early human societies. That the 416:

means "uneducated and a heathen", but also denotes a savage who is happy with his rustic life in harmony with Nature, and who believes in

1260:"Savages" we call them, because their manners differ from ours, which we think the perfection of civility; they think the same of theirs. 2205:

The Fall of the Natural Man: the American Indian and the origins of comparative ethnology. Cambridge Iberian and Latin American Studies.

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The Savage in European Social Thought: A Prelude to the Conceptualization of the Divergent Peoples and Cultures of Australia and Oceania

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they are contrasted with modes of behavior in the France of the wars of religion, which appear as distinctly less attractive, such as

2155:

Paradies auf Erden?: Mythenbildung als Form von Fremdwahrnehmung : der Südsee-Mythos in Schlüsselphasen der deutschen Literatur

1245:

outside Philadelphia. The marchers dispersed after Franklin convinced them to submit their grievances in writing to the government.

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of Brazil ceremoniously eat the bodies of their dead enemies, as a matter of honour, whilst reminding the European reader that such

4117: 464:

published the essay "Lo! The Poor Indian!" (1859), about the social condition of the American Indian in the modern United States:

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Never forget that it was from a people whom you call rude and savage that you receive this lesson in gentleness and generosity.

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of New Spain, yet idealized them into morally innocent noble savages living a simple life in harmony with Mother Nature. At the

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In the 18th century, British intellectual debate about Primitivism used the Highland Scots as a local, European example of a

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said that the "widespread myth" that "civilized humans have fallen from grace from a simple, primeval happiness, a peaceful

336:

for adventure and exploration stories about European encounters with the noble savage natives, such as the historical novel

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of the Highlanders, whilst admiring and idealizing the toughness of person and character of the Highland Scots; the writer

2698:

Haas, Jonathan; Piscitelli, Matthew (2013). "The Prehistory of Warfare: Misled by Ethnography". In Fry, Douglas P. (ed.).

1273: 174:. In the 19th century, in the essay "The Noble Savage" (1853) Charles Dickens rendered the noble savage into a rhetorical 5098: 3248:

Dickens And Empire: Discourses Of Class, Race And Colonialism In The Works Of Charles Dickens (Nineteenth Century Series)

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Bordewich, Fergus M. "Killing the White Man's Indian: Reinventing Native Americans at the End of the Twentieth Century"

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people, as often as the American Indians were the example. The English cultural perspective scorned the ostensibly rude

827:, which is the tragic love story between Oroonoko and the beautiful Imoinda, an African king and queen respectively. At 325:), literary characters who personify the moral superiority of working-class people in the fictional world of the story. 6518: 2709: 405: 412:

unlike his insular European self; thus, from the Western perspective of "An Essay on Man", Pope's metaphoric usage of

4887: 4729: 3319: 3303: 3266: 3234: 3210: 2675: 2468: 2410: 2316: 2216: 2178: 2129:"An Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco in the Summer of 1859, "Lo! The Poor Indian!", by Horace Greeley" 2031: 755: 5483: 1415:

that will "draw from the very evil from which we suffer the remedy which shall cure it"; Lovejoy notes that in the

5478: 4775: 2806: 1483:, which then was touring England. About Catlin's oil paintings of the North American natives, the poet and critic 7104: 7020: 5184: 665:

In the intellectual debates of the late 16th and 17th centuries, philosophers used the racist stereotypes of the

5539: 5189: 4963: 3086:. Material relating to First Nations, Metis, and Inuit, found in Saskatchewan cultural and heritage collections. 5279: 4709: 4686: 4621: 3419: 1952: 1944: 1730: 1208: 291:

In the poem "An Essay on Man" (1734), the poet Alexander Pope developed the noble savage into the non-European

6543: 2020:

Miner, Earl (1972), "The Wild Man Through the Looking Glass", in Dudley, Edward; Novak, Maximillian E (eds.),

7044: 7028: 6945: 6463: 5575: 5529: 3378: 2914:(PDF). Zeitschrift für Australienstudien. 16: 17–30. doi:10.35515/zfa/asj.16/2002.04. Retrieved 21 July 2022. 1632: 1585: 38: 1667:

is restricted to hunter-gatherer societies who have no domesticated animals or agriculture, e.g. the stable

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to compare the civilized European to the uncivilized noble savage. Montaigne's anthropological report about

6568: 5938: 4719: 940: 425: 17: 5015: 2833: 2085: 807:(1696), by Thomas Southerne, plot complications lead the protagonist Oroonoko to kill his beloved Imoinda. 6816: 6631: 6473: 4785: 4734: 4314: 4009: 3869: 3128: 1601: 1479:, Charles Dickens published a negative review of the Indian Gallery cultural program, by the portraitist 313: 6751: 5080: 7099: 6453: 5682: 5194: 4576: 4365: 3700: 3383: 2973: 474: 353: 6761: 5427: 5204: 2655: 7089: 7084: 7000: 6400: 6351: 4651: 3412: 481: 6681: 5838: 5560: 2897:

Peacock, Janice (2006) “Culture Cult Clan 2001: Comments on the Survival of Torres Strait Culture”,

1494: 1431:, found, as we have seen, in that unique passion of the self-conscious animal — pride, self esteem, 642: 6899: 6721: 6611: 6601: 6538: 6304: 5989: 5050: 4780: 3682: 3446: 1635:(1986) specifically rejects claims that the human propensity towards violence has a genetic basis. 1242: 338: 31: 6478: 5768: 2461:

Forgotten Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois, and the Rationale for the American Revolution

1324:

was a real type of man, despite the term not appearing in work written by Rousseau; in addressing

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stock character in conversation with civilized men from Europe about possession and ownership of

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said that "He has brought back alive the proud and free characters of these chiefs; both their

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politics to Adario, a Canadian Indian who played the role of noble savage for French explorers:

924:

There had been, from the beginning of Classical speculation, two contrasting opinions about the

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Massacres during the Wars of Religion: The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre: a foundational event

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Fryd, Vivien Green (1995). "Rereading the Indian in Benjamin West's "Death of General Wolfe"".

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paradigm has warped anthropological literature to political ends. Moreover, the anthropologist

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against the Dutch planters of Surinam, and his consequent execution by the Dutch colonialists.

840: 139: 6335: 6208: 5994: 5918: 5803: 5229: 2834:"The Indigenous Sublime Rethinking Orientalism and Desire from documenta 14 to Highland Crete" 2086:"The Indigenous Sublime Rethinking Orientalism and Desire from documenta 14 to Highland Crete" 2021: 7094: 7015: 6980: 6970: 6904: 6731: 6706: 6666: 6616: 6513: 6366: 6213: 6025: 5882: 5823: 5657: 5652: 5606: 5534: 5473: 5359: 5118: 4765: 4714: 4691: 4566: 4145: 2401:

Peaceable Kingdom Lost: The Paxton Boys and the Destruction of William Penn's Holy Experiment

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likewise accused anthropologists of exalting the noble savage above civilized man, by way of

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in Brazil indicated that the Tupinambá people were neither a noble nor an exceptionally good

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As I passed over those magnificent bottoms of the Kansas, which form the reservations of the

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Primitivism and the Idea of Progress in English Popular Literature of the Eighteenth Century

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The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment: Ibn Tufayl's Influence on Modern Western Thought

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Coming to Terms with Diversity: Educational Responses to Linguistic Plurality in Australia

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François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, Encounter with the Mandurians, in Chapter IX of

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way of life, because Rome was too civilized, unlike the savage Germans. The art historian

8: 6995: 6854: 6558: 6443: 6284: 5667: 5662: 5498: 5239: 5174: 4790: 4255: 4153: 3623: 3284:

The Fall of the Natural Man: The American Indian and the origins of comparative ethnology

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Dickens ends his cultural criticism by reiterating his argument against the romanticized

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Bataille, Gretchen, M. and Silet Charles L., editors. Introduction by Vine Deloria, Jr.

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Benítez-Rojo, Antonio (2018). "The Caribbean: From a Sea Basin to an Atlantic Network".

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as politically necessary for societal stability and the national security of the state:

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lived by hunting and by the fruits which the trees spontaneously produced. These people

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of the French Revolution (1789–1799), ideologues accused Rousseau of claiming that the

1317: 1087: 836: 739: 292: 264: 171: 148: 86: 49: 5933: 5813: 5010: 3030:. "The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Present" 799: 6985: 6955: 6919: 6864: 6786: 6716: 6641: 6578: 6483: 6468: 6438: 6279: 6254: 6228: 6167: 6157: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 5708: 5677: 5621: 5616: 5432: 5417: 5339: 5224: 5169: 5093: 5005: 4958: 4861: 4851: 4815: 4681: 4510: 4461: 4350: 3859: 3756: 3690: 3521: 3315: 3299: 3270: 3262: 3230: 3215: 3206: 3192: 3160: 3140: 3077: 3067: 2705: 2671: 2464: 2452: 2406: 2174: 2027: 1958: 1736: 1593: 1543:. Dickens begins by dismissing the noble savage as not being a distinct human being: 1307:(bad), but was possessed of an "innate repugnance to see others of his kind suffer." 1062: 1054:

Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil

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The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism

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primitivism that dehumanises Indigenous peoples into the cultural stereotype of the

6591: 6488: 6413: 6330: 6294: 6172: 6147: 6142: 5843: 5833: 5828: 5818: 5808: 5783: 5713: 5636: 5611: 5179: 5128: 5025: 4866: 4856: 4839: 4800: 4795: 4770: 4556: 4545: 4434: 4214: 4178: 4168: 3912: 3839: 3803: 3775: 3728: 3606: 3132: 2841: 2661: 2093: 1831: 1668: 1654: 1111: 871: 702: 694: 571: 558: 421: 6766: 6756: 5974: 5748: 5585: 5249: 4927: 2784: 6990: 6975: 6950: 6874: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6711: 6696: 6651: 6586: 6458: 6428: 6274: 6269: 6152: 6075: 6065: 6015: 5923: 5798: 5692: 5631: 5626: 5493: 5437: 5354: 5344: 5164: 5148: 5103: 5070: 4943: 4893: 4831: 4820: 4380: 4370: 4201: 4186: 4069: 3695: 3435: 3294: 3004:

Touched by Fire: the Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer

2143:

Touched by Fire: the Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer

1938: 1910: 1905: 1836: 1802: 1646: 1475: 1412: 1348:, the specific quality of character, which distinguishes man from beast, such as 1300: 1223: 1174: 1017: 925: 908: 851: 844: 520: 361: 216: 143: 61: 6371: 5309: 4704: 3078:"'He Scarcely Resembles the Real Man': images of the Indian in popular culture". 2701:

War, Peace, and Human Nature: The Convergence of Evolutionary and Cultural Views

1252:, Franklin especially noted the racism inherent to the colonists using the word 431: 6914: 6884: 6849: 6839: 6821: 6726: 6686: 6621: 6493: 6423: 6264: 6249: 6177: 6121: 6111: 6080: 6060: 5969: 5892: 5872: 5857: 5778: 5738: 5442: 5394: 5324: 5219: 5199: 5138: 5035: 4899: 4825: 4606: 4581: 4158: 4089: 4004: 3917: 3279: 3009: 2950:"LeBlanc's Book Explores Warfare Through the Ages | Arts | The Harvard Crimson" 1969: 1841: 1663: 1453: 1168:. But it was also an effective attack on the Church and the sacerdotal system. 1103: 1095: 917: 607: 461: 365: 6929: 6498: 5524: 5488: 5299: 3344:

Nature's Simple Plan: a phase of radical thought in the mid-eighteenth century

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to defend the city and led a delegation that met with the Paxton leaders at

978:

We abhor that brutality which, under the gaudy names of ambition and glory,

944:(1699), in the “Encounter with the Mandurians” (Chapter IX), the theologian 6894: 6869: 6844: 6811: 6781: 6701: 6661: 6563: 6508: 6418: 6386: 6376: 6361: 6101: 5964: 5954: 5928: 5773: 5728: 5452: 5384: 5374: 5314: 5264: 5209: 5020: 4938: 4909: 4760: 4591: 4525: 4474: 4424: 4414: 4309: 4130: 4102: 4079: 4034: 3879: 3854: 3821: 3783: 3710: 3643: 3590: 3554: 3536: 2810: 1915: 1866: 1797: 1650: 1610: 1461: 1349: 1219: 698: 682: 630: 318: 246:

The playwright John Dryden coined the term "noble savage" in the stageplay

224: 65: 45: 6259: 6909: 6776: 6626: 6223: 6126: 6070: 5877: 5743: 5447: 5379: 5113: 4974: 4933: 4882: 4755: 4667: 4409: 4345: 4291: 4163: 4125: 4097: 4074: 4019: 3941: 3628: 3564: 3516: 3491: 3167: 2166: 1846: 1816: 1807: 1744: 1711: 1642: 1524: 1457: 1376: 1234: 1200: 1153: 767: 697:: "One calls ‘barbarism’ whatever he is not accustomed to." The academic 357: 183: 179: 75: 4442: 4388: 3054: 2666: 2124:

An Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco in the Summer of 1859

1613:

and deliberately ascribed coinage of the term to Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

1518:, Chief of the Ojibwa Indians of the Great Plains. (George Catlin, 1832) 6030: 5349: 5329: 5319: 4968: 4805: 4601: 4550: 4250: 4232: 3935: 3907: 3849: 3844: 3764: 3705: 3667: 3337:

Hollywood's Indian : the Portrayal of the Native American in Film.

3152: 2509:, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Nov. 1923):165–186, Lovejoy's essay was reprinted in 2329: 1890: 1695: 1597: 1528: 1502:

painted idealized representations of the North American noble savage. (

1389: 1312: 879: 824: 567: 553: 485: 190:

dominant hierarchy, whereby the Other is subjugated by Western powers.

4014: 3994: 2514: 6691: 6020: 5902: 5234: 4953: 4611: 4515: 4449: 4278: 4269: 4224: 4209: 3931: 3902: 3811: 3793: 3788: 3659: 3655: 3633: 3580: 3559: 3531: 3506: 3451: 3258: 3050: 2807:"John Zerzan – Running on Emptiness: The Failure of Symbolic Thought" 1856: 1782: 1740: 1719: 1540: 1424: 1013: 863: 654: 634: 599: 443: 186:

in philosophy and in the arts made possible by moral sentimentalism.

114: 2593: 6831: 4596: 4586: 4571: 4360: 4107: 4059: 3979: 3546: 3501: 3404: 3136: 3037:

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Reprinted by Octagon Press in 1966.

2845: 2699: 2097: 1880: 1851: 1718:

peoples who live a primitive way of life demarcated and limited by

1488: 1230: 1149: 819: 497: 446:

the royal house date from the early reign of the Oldenburg dynasty.

439: 206:

in the stories of Europeans' relations with the non-European Other.

175: 110: 3384:

Louis Menand. "What Comes Naturally". A review of Steven Pinker's

3229:

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Reprinted by Octagon Books, 1965.

912:, Tacitus ascribed to the Germans the cultural superiority of the 574:

as a means to understand the material world. The protagonist is a

540:

who featured in the exotic-place tourism reported in the European

308:

By the 18th century, Montaigne's predecessor to the noble savage,

6503: 5254: 4845: 4469: 4419: 4286: 4191: 4029: 3927: 3831: 3747: 3671: 3663: 3526: 3255:

Beyond primitivism: indigenous religious traditions and modernity

3113:. New York: Kings Crown Press. Reprinted New York: Octagon Press. 1562: 1238: 1199:

Benjamin Franklin was critical of government indifference to the

859: 813: 711: 638: 529: 960:

On our arrival upon this coast we found there a savage race who

151:

as people living in the bellicose state of nature that precedes

4948: 4135: 3897: 3874: 3081: 1628: 1226: 1043:

The imperial politics of Western Europe featured debates about

953: 886: 771: 727: 409: 125: 4636: 2884:

Hirsi Ali, Ayaan (12 June 2010) “Facing up to radical Islam”,

2599:

Moore, "Reappraising Dickens's 'Noble Savage'"(2002): 236–243.

2503:

The Supposed Primitivism of Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality

1326:

The Supposed Primitivism of Rousseau’s Discourse on Inequality

657:

and that they did not have the social custom of telling lies.

113:, a sense of right and wrong conduct, which is based upon the 4520: 4335: 4064: 3922: 3651: 3326:"British and Indian Identities in a Picture by Benjamin West" 3035:

The Happy Beast in French Thought in the Seventeenth Century.

1099: 417: 152: 3111:

First Follow Nature: Primitivism in English Poetry 1725–1750

3056:

The Idea of Progress: an Inquiry into its Origins and Growth

3024:

The Pretend Indian: Images of Native Americans in the Movies

2358:

The Idea of Progress: an Inquiry into its Origins and Growth

2112:

The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory

1211:

in December 1763. Within weeks of the murders, he published

1188:

The Idea of Progress: an Inquiry into its Origins and Growth

1122:, of which the certain fruits are Justice and a happy life. 831:, Ghana, the protagonist is deceived and delivered into the 673:

as moral reproaches of the European monarchies fighting the

142:

as necessary because the condition of Man in the apolitical

4904: 3476: 2246:

David El Kenz,"Massacres During the Wars of Religion", 2007

2053: 2051: 933:

Et in Arcadia Ego: Poussin and the Elegiac Tradition (1936)

159:

organizing into the societies that compose a civilization.

156: 3064:

Sick Societies: Challenging the Myth of Primitive Harmony.

4051: 3017:: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present 1092:

Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce de Lahontan, Baron de Lahontan

606:, called the Age of Discovery (1492–1800); thus with the 117:

and the emotions, and not based upon religious doctrine.

3335:

Rollins, Peter C. and John E. O'Connor, editors (1998).

3203:

Constant battles: the myth of the peaceful, noble savage

3019:. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 282–294, and passim. 2860:

War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage

2048: 2008:

Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory

1687:

War Before Civilization: the Myth of the Peaceful Savage

239:

counterpart to civilized Europeans in the 16th century.

120:

In the philosophic debates of 17th-century Britain, the

2704:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 168–190. 2654:

Douglas, Bronwen; Ballard, Chris, eds. (October 2008).

2360:(second ed.). New York: Cosimo Press. p. 111. 1404:

and slights or affronts were consequently visited with

862:, because the story, plot, and characters followed the 835:(16th–19th centuries), and Oroonoko becomes a slave of 469:

convince anyone that the poetic Indian — the Indian of

3241:

A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas

2070:

Moore, Grace "Reappraising Dickens's 'Noble Savage'",

1498:

For European art collectors, the American portraitist

3313:

The Culture Cult: Designer Tribalism and Other Essays

3098:

Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object

2157:(2008) Anja Hall Königshausen & Neumann, p. 0000. 1827:

Stereotypes about indigenous peoples of North America

1233:

who had been given shelter there, Franklin recruited

1213:

A Narrative of the Late Massacres in Lancaster County

693:

behavior was analogous to the religious barbarism of

2445: 2888:

magazine, Montreal, Canada. Retrieved 22 July 2022.

2635:

Dickens, Charles. "The Noble Savage" (1853) p. 000.

2626:

Dickens, Charles. "The Noble Savage" (1853) p. 000.

2617:

Dickens, Charles. "The Noble Savage" (1853) p. 000.

2608:

Dickens, Charles. "The Noble Savage" (1853) p. 000.

2145:(University of Nebraska Press , 2006), pp. 107–108. 1352:capable of "almost unlimited development", and the 1061:, which justified the central-government regime of 3339:Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Press. 3295:The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature 2799: 2775: 2773: 2398: 1328:(1923), the academic Arthur O. Lovejoy said that: 858:proved to be political-protest literature against 817:of the noble savage are the subjects of the novel 89:(1660–1688) expanded Dryden's playwright usage of 2926:"Did This Extinct Human Species Commit Homicide?" 2427:"Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America" 2114:Third Edition (1991) J.A. Cuddon, Ed. pp.588–589. 2010:Third Edition (1991) J.A. Cudon, Ed. pp. 588–589. 1222:in February 1764, with the intent of killing the 1090:. In his travelogue of North America, the writer 774:, which he presented as the opposite of cruelty. 718:As philosophic reportage, "Of Cannibals" applies 391:No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold! 7076: 3222:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1948 and 1960. 3104:The Noble Savage: A Study in Romantic Naturalism 3093:(Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press). 3042:Primitivism and Related Ideas in the Middle Ages 2871:See: Patrick Wolfe's opinion of Roger Sandall in 2349: 1296:Discourse on the Origins of Inequality Among Men 685:" (1580), Michel de Montaigne reported that the 598:(noble-savage natives) of the newly discovered " 389:Where slaves once more their native land behold, 3351:Gone Primitive: Savage Intellects, Modern Lives 3253:Olupọna, Jacob Obafẹmi Kẹhinde, Editor. (2003) 2770: 2026:, University of Pittsburgh Press, p. 106, 1250:Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America 502:The Leavenworth, Kansas, Times and Conservative 383:Behind the cloud-topp'd hill, a humbler heav'n; 170:, an ideal man born from the sentimentalism of 4447: 2697: 2653: 1411:Rousseau proposes reorganizing society with a 1118:As against society, he puts forward a sort of 633:mistreatment of the indigenous peoples of the 532:, introduced the anthropologic concept of the 107:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury 82:as an archetype of Man-as-Creature-of-Nature. 4652: 3420: 1299:(1754), Rousseau said that in the primordial 982:sheds the blood of men who are all brothers. 375:Sees God in clouds, or hears Him in the wind; 339:The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 101:. Concerning civility and incivility, in the 3239:Lovejoy, Arthur O. and George Boas. (1935). 2256: 1722:, which discouraged Indigenous peoples from 1621: 1001:The Adventures of Telemachus, Son of Ulysses 941:The Adventures of Telemachus, Son of Ulysses 385:Some safer world in depth of woods embrac'd, 377:His soul proud Science never taught to stray 317:"Servant-More-Clever-Than-the-Master" (e.g. 109:, said that men and women possess an innate 30:For broader usage of the word "savage", see 3367:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 3227:Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity. 2320:(1771) London: Penguin Books, 1967, p. 292. 1679: 1433:le besoin de se mettre au dessus des autres 1346:le caractère spécifique de l'espèce humaine 1218:When the Paxton Boys led an armed march on 738:of honor of the Tupinambá people indicates 4659: 4645: 3465: 3427: 3413: 2277:Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity 2061:(Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 70. 2059:Locke, Hobbes, and Confusion's Masterpiece 1788:Native Americans in German popular culture 1449: 1441: 1436: 1401: 1385: 1303:, man was a solitary creature who was not 1178: 1169: 1131: 1123: 1115: 988: 983: 979: 975: 965: 961: 779: 775: 760: 751: 526:On the Origin and Situation of the Germans 438:In the royal coat of arms of Denmark, the 395:He asks no angel's wing, no seraph's fire: 3346:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 3225:Lovejoy, A. O. and Boas, George ( 1965). 3059:. (Reprint) New York: Cosimo Press, 2008. 2665: 2355: 896: 734:of Montaigne's humanist portrayal of the 590:in 1492, the Europeans employed the term 399:His faithful dog shall bear him company. 373:Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutor'd mind 282:When wild in woods the noble savage ran. 3286:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3189:The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. 2690: 2451: 2288:Erwin Panofsky, "Et in Arcadia Ego", in 2231:(London: Granta Books, 2007), pp. 81–82. 1661:, wherein the anthropologic category of 1575: 1509: 1493: 1356:, the capability of perfecting himself. 1272: 1268: 1094:, who had lived with the Huron Indians ( 798: 430: 387:Some happier island in the wat'ry waste, 381:Yet simple Nature to his hope has giv'n, 286: 270:The Conquest of Granada by the Spaniards 248:The Conquest of Granada by the Spaniards 241: 197: 134:(1651), in which Thomas Hobbes defended 128:response to the political philosophy of 71:The Conquest of Granada by the Spaniards 7115:Western (genre) staples and terminology 2923: 2862:(Oxford, University Press, 1996), p. 5. 2750: 2724: 2513:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, , at 2463:. Ipswich, Massachusetts: Gambit, Inc. 901: 893:of slave-powered European colonialism. 778:a sort of natural benevolence based on 602:" as ideological justification for the 397:But thinks, admitted to that equal sky, 162:In 18th-century anthropology, the term 14: 7077: 3396:Peter Gay. "Breeding is Fundamental". 3006:. University of Nebraska Press , 2006. 2725:Johnson, Eric Michael (19 June 2012). 2546:Discourse on the Origins of Inequality 2457:"Chapter 5: The Philosopher as Savage" 1616: 1417:Discourse on the Origins of Inequality 1342:Discourse on the Origins of Inequality 701:further explains Montaigne's point of 518:In Western literature, the Roman book 508: 404:To the English intellectual Pope, the 278:I am as free as nature first made man, 7006:Romanticism and the French Revolution 4640: 4499: 3968: 3967: 3464: 3408: 3365:Europe and the People without History 3076:Edwards, Brendan Frederick R. (2008) 2831: 2405:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2396: 2390: 2242:Massacres During the Wars of Religion 2160: 2083: 2019: 1770:Racism in the work of Charles Dickens 1444:failed to realize fully how strongly 1277:Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) by 870:. In the event, the Irish playwright 604:European colonization of the Americas 280:Ere the base laws of servitude began, 3434: 3205:. New York : St Martin's Press 3116: 3026:. Iowa State University Press, 1980* 2657:John Crawfurd – 'two separate races' 1763: 1588:identified the racial stereotype of 1285:Like the Earl of Shaftesbury in the 1256:as a synonym for indigenous people: 1194: 660: 544:of the 17th and the 18th centuries. 356:, both literary works presented the 3109:Fitzgerald, Margaret Mary ( 1976). 2901:30:138–155. Retrieved 21 July 2022. 2372:"A Narrative of the Late Massacres" 1793:Native American hobbyism in Germany 1726:into the dominant Western culture. 1531:of Africa are examples of the term 1448:tended to assume a collective form 1287:Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit 906:In the 1st century AD, in the book 714:and barbarous methods of execution. 581: 513: 393:To be, contents his natural desire; 379:Far as the solar walk or milky way; 368:portrays the American Indian thus: 312:was a stock character usual to the 235:presents "Nature's Gentleman", the 231:of Brazil, wherein the philosopher 122:Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit 103:Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit 24: 3342:Tinker, Chaunchy Brewster (1922). 3174:. Cleveland, Ohio: Meridian Books. 2727:"The Better Bonobos of Our Nature" 2207:(Cambridge University Press, 1982) 1468: 267:occurs in John Dryden's stageplay 25: 7126: 3372: 3182:: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage 3044:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. 2809:. Primitivism.com. Archived from 2783:. Primitivism.com. Archived from 2751:Baldwin, Melinda (16 June 2019). 2317:The Expedition of Humphry Clinker 1181:his view is generally optimistic. 1051:worsened with the publication of 1031:The Expedition of Humphry Clinker 645:witnessed the enslavement of the 85:The intellectual politics of the 7059: 7058: 3360:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press 2781:"John Zerzan – Future Primitive" 2548:quoted in Lovejoy (1960), p. 27. 2346:(, 1969), pp. 13–14, and passim. 1649:between Anarcho-primitivism and 1514:The Noble Savage as stereotype: 1473:In 1853, in the weekly magazine 1038: 850:Despite Behn having written the 811:The themes about the person and 586:In the 15th century, soon after 4666: 3944:(self styled captain, braggart) 3102:Fairchild, Hoxie Neale (1928). 2966: 2942: 2924:Shermer, Michael (2016-01-01). 2917: 2904: 2891: 2878: 2873:The Anthropological Book Review 2865: 2852: 2825: 2744: 2718: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2582: 2569: 2560: 2551: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2419: 2364: 2336: 2323: 2308: 2295: 2282: 2279:, Baltimore, I, 1935. pp. 0000. 2269: 2250: 2234: 2221: 2210: 2197: 2184: 2148: 999:Encounter with the Mandurians, 3220:Essays in the History of Ideas 2644:Ellingson (2001), pp. 249–323. 2511:Essays in the History of Ideas 2135: 2117: 2104: 2077: 2064: 2039: 2013: 2000: 1953:Legend of the Rainbow Warriors 1732:Constant Battles: Why we fight 1209:Lancaster County, Pennsylvania 756:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 559:The Living Son of the Vigilant 536:to the Western World; later a 124:was the Earl of Shaftesbury's 13: 1: 7110:Ethnic and racial stereotypes 7029:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 3349:Torgovnick, Marianna (1991). 3172:The European Mind (1690–1715) 2344:The European Mind (1680–1715) 1983: 1633:Seville Statement on Violence 1400:was already manifest in them 794: 547: 521:De origine et situ Germanorum 39:Noble Savage (disambiguation) 3356:Whitney, Lois Payne (1934). 3332:31: 3 (Spring 1998): 283–305 3091:The Myth of the Noble Savage 2292:(New York: Doubleday, 1955). 2275:Lovejoy, A. O. and Boas, G. 1110:Adario sings the praises of 820:Oroonoko: Or the Royal Slave 426:idealization and devaluation 259:The first usage of the term 7: 4448: 4315:Elderly martial arts master 4010:Hooker with a heart of gold 3184:. Oxford: University Press. 3177:Keeley, Lawrence H. (1996) 3129:University of Chicago Press 2757:Los Angeles Review of Books 2483:Lovejoy (1923, 1948) p. 21. 2126:(1860), by Horace Greeley. 1758: 1354:faculté de se perfectionner 1332:The notion that Rousseau’s 1020:described the Highlanders: 681:(1562–1598). In the essay " 528:, AD 98), by the historian 223:originated from the essay " 10: 7131: 6946:Coleridge's theory of life 4500: 3330:Eighteenth-Century Studies 2557:See Lovejoy (1960), p. 31. 2303:Telemachus, Son of Ulysses 2290:Meaning in the Visual Arts 1690:(1996), the archaeologist 1641:, such as the philosopher 570:, explores the subject of 354:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 193: 178:by satirizing the British 36: 29: 7038: 7001:Romanticism and economics 6938: 6830: 6577: 6399: 6344: 6313: 6237: 6186: 6135: 6094: 6003: 5947: 5911: 5865: 5856: 5701: 5645: 5594: 5553: 5512: 5466: 5408: 5278: 5157: 5079: 5016:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 4998: 4989: 4875: 4743: 4674: 4506: 4495: 4460: 4433: 4402: 4379: 4323: 4300: 4277: 4268: 4241: 4223: 4200: 4177: 4144: 4116: 4088: 4050: 3987: 3978: 3974: 3963: 3890: 3830: 3802: 3773: 3755: 3746: 3721: 3681: 3642: 3614: 3605: 3573: 3545: 3484: 3475: 3471: 3460: 3442: 3062:Edgerton, Robert (1992). 2832:Kalantzis, Konstantinos. 2173:(1989), Lexington Books, 2084:Kalantzis, Konstantinos. 1622:Supporters of primitivism 1162:History of the Two Indies 885:(1696) that stressed the 566:, 1160), by the polymath 530:Publius Cornelius Tacitus 364:” (1734), the Englishman 4781:German historical school 3324:Reinhardt, Leslie Kaye. 3201:LeBlanc, Steven (2003). 3089:Ellingson, Ter. (2001). 2045:OED s.v. "savage" B.3.a. 1680:Opponents of primitivism 1525:romanticised primitivism 987:abhorrence of flattery. 635:Viceroyalty of New Spain 588:arriving to the Americas 105:(1699), the philosopher 58:Myth of the Noble savage 32:Savage (pejorative term) 5428:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 3257:. New York and London: 3187:Krech, Shepard (2000). 3180:War Before Civilization 2526:(Lovejoy (1960), p. 23) 2492:Ellingson, Ter. (2001). 2074:98:458 (2002): 236–243. 1751:who specializes in the 1596:, yet, as advocates of 1584:and the anthropologist 1580:In 1860, the physician 1334:Discourse on Inequality 891:cultural representation 679:French Wars of Religion 328:In English literature, 7105:Anti-indigenous racism 7011:Romanticism in science 6966:Middle Ages in history 6961:List of Romantic poets 5673:Josiah Gilbert Holland 4042:Manic Pixie Dream Girl 3466:By ethics and morality 3066:New York: Free Press. 3040:Boas, George ( 1997). 3033:Boas, George ( 1966). 3015:From Dawn to Decadence 2566:Lovejoy (1960), p. 36. 2535:Lovejoy (1960), p. 24. 2259:The Southern Quarterly 1946:A High Wind in Jamaica 1896:Master-slave dialectic 1573: 1558: 1519: 1507: 1466: 1409: 1338: 1282: 1262: 1192: 1175:savage state of nature 1145: 1080: 1036: 1006: 936: 897:Uses of the stereotype 808: 792: 716: 643:Bartolomé de las Casas 490: 447: 402: 314:sentimental literature 300: 285: 251: 207: 140:centralized government 6981:Romantic epistemology 6971:Opium and Romanticism 5540:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 4766:Counter-Enlightenment 3363:Wolf, Eric R.(1982). 3246:Moore, Grace (2004). 2910:Malcolm, Ian (2002). 2660:. Epress.anu.edu.au. 2397:Kenny, Kevin (2009). 2229:How to Read Montaigne 2194:(1988) KILTV, p. 419. 1724:cultural assimilation 1645:, rely upon a strong 1576:Theories of racialism 1568: 1566:of the noble savage: 1545: 1513: 1497: 1421: 1406:vengeances terribles. 1369: 1330: 1291:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1276: 1269:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1258: 1248:In his 1784 pamphlet 1146: 1108: 1067: 1022: 958: 922: 864:narrative conventions 802: 745: 707: 492:Moreover, during the 466: 434: 370: 344:James Fenimore Cooper 330:British North America 290: 275: 245: 201: 7045:Age of Enlightenment 4687:England (literature) 3243:, vol. 1. Baltimore. 2858:Keely, Lawrence H. 2838:Current Anthropology 2217:Essay "Of Cannibals" 2141:Barnett, Louise, in 2090:Current Anthropology 2006:"The noble savage", 1639:Anarcho-primitivists 1541:racialist stereotype 926:natural state of man 902:Romantic primitivism 837:plantation colonists 833:Atlantic slave trade 732:Classical liberalism 695:burning at the stake 677:(1618–1648) and the 494:American Indian Wars 349:The Song of Hiawatha 346:, and the epic poem 227:" (1580), about the 37:For other uses, see 6996:Romantic psychology 4791:Hudson River School 4735:Sweden (literature) 4720:Russia (literature) 4256:Princess and dragon 4154:Princesse lointaine 3654:(servants, clowns: 3624:Gentleman detective 3028:Berkhofer, Robert F 2930:Scientific American 2731:Scientific American 2667:10.22459/FB.11.2008 2577:The Red Man's Bones 2433:. National Archives 2378:. National Archives 1989:Informational notes 1901:Primitive Communism 1886:Cultural relativism 1862:Uncontacted peoples 1822:Positive stereotype 1659:Richard Borshay Lee 1617:Modern perspectives 1535:used as a means of 1120:primitive Communism 883:Oroonoko: A Tragedy 805:Oroonoko: A Tragedy 782:personal feelings. 740:Western philosophic 720:cultural relativism 610:stereotypes of the 538:cultural stereotype 509:Cultural stereotype 332:was the geographic 297:Jonathan Richardson 233:Michel de Montaigne 4981:White Mountain art 4922:Historical fiction 4730:Spain (literature) 4541:Identity formation 4331:American mappillai 4243:Damsel in distress 4025:Magical girlfriend 3930:(wealthy old men, 3400:. April / May 2009 3216:Lovejoy, Arthur O. 3191:New York: Norton. 3096:Fabian, Johannes. 2954:www.thecrimson.com 2899:Aboriginal History 2813:on 31 January 2009 2589:"The Noble Savage" 2453:Johansen, Bruce E. 2356:J.B. Bury (2008). 2314:Smollett, Tobias, 1924:Cultural examples: 1753:American Southwest 1749:Harvard University 1729:In the 2003 book, 1708:designer tribalism 1692:Lawrence H. Keeley 1520: 1508: 1485:Charles Baudelaire 1283: 874:adapted the novel 809: 594:to dehumanise the 448: 310:nature's gentleman 301: 265:English literature 252: 208: 172:moral sense theory 168:nature's gentleman 93:to denote a human 87:Stuart Restoration 7100:Cultural concepts 7072: 7071: 6986:Romantic medicine 6956:List of romantics 6395: 6394: 6046:Felix Mendelssohn 6041:Fanny Mendelssohn 5852: 5851: 5566:Rosalía de Castro 5504:Soares dos Passos 4852:Transcendentalism 4816:Nazarene movement 4776:Düsseldorf School 4634: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4511:Adolescent clique 4491: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4264: 4263: 4000:Farmer's daughter 3969:By sex and gender 3959: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3742: 3741: 3601: 3600: 3522:Mythological king 3275:978-0-415-27319-0 3197:978-0-393-32100-5 3072:978-0-02-908925-5 3002:Barnett, Louise. 2974:"Ignoble Savages" 2875:, September 2001. 2342:See Paul Hazard, 1980: 1979: 1959:Lord of the Flies 1664:primitive society 1594:scientific racism 1592:as an example of 1310:Moreover, as the 1195:Benjamin Franklin 1141:The European Mind 1063:absolute monarchy 803:In the stageplay 675:Thirty Years' War 661:Kingdom of France 651:Valladolid debate 552:The 12th-century 542:travel literature 436:The Noble savage: 136:absolute monarchy 68:of the stageplay 16:(Redirected from 7122: 7090:Multiculturalism 7085:Stock characters 7062: 7061: 7021:Evolution theory 5863: 5862: 4996: 4995: 4857:Ukrainian school 4661: 4654: 4647: 4638: 4637: 4557:Little green men 4546:Imaginary friend 4497: 4496: 4453: 4275: 4274: 4215:Mammy stereotype 4169:Yamato nadeshiko 3985: 3984: 3976: 3975: 3965: 3964: 3840:Bug-eyed monster 3804:Social Darwinist 3753: 3752: 3729:Good cop/bad cop 3612: 3611: 3482: 3481: 3473: 3472: 3462: 3461: 3436:Stock characters 3429: 3422: 3415: 3406: 3405: 3164: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2921: 2915: 2908: 2902: 2895: 2889: 2882: 2876: 2869: 2863: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2777: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2684: 2669: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2586: 2580: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2518: 2507:Modern Philology 2499: 2493: 2490: 2484: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2404: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2353: 2347: 2340: 2334: 2327: 2321: 2312: 2306: 2299: 2293: 2286: 2280: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2254: 2248: 2240:El Kenz, David. 2238: 2232: 2225: 2219: 2214: 2208: 2203:Anthony Pagden, 2201: 2195: 2188: 2182: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2121: 2115: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2081: 2075: 2068: 2062: 2057:Harrison, Ross. 2055: 2046: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2017: 2011: 2004: 1832:Racial fetishism 1764: 1669:social hierarchy 1655:Marshall Sahlins 1590:the noble savage 1539:a person into a 1491:and manliness." 1451: 1443: 1438: 1403: 1387: 1318:Jacobin radicals 1203:massacre of the 1190: 1180: 1171: 1143: 1133: 1125: 1117: 1112:Natural Religion 1078: 1049:hard primitivism 1045:soft primitivism 1034: 1004: 990: 985: 981: 977: 967: 963: 946:François Fénelon 934: 872:Thomas Southerne 866:of the European 781: 777: 762: 753: 703:moral philosophy 687:Tupinambá people 655:social etiquette 582:Kingdom of Spain 572:natural theology 514:The Roman Empire 498:Cheyenne Indians 422:natural religion 408:was an abstract 229:Tupinambá people 149:Native Americans 21: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7119: 7075: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7067: 7056: 7048: 7034: 6991:Romantic poetry 6976:Romantic ballet 6951:German idealism 6934: 6900:Lacoue-Labarthe 6826: 6573: 6391: 6340: 6309: 6290:Rimsky-Korsakov 6233: 6182: 6131: 6090: 5999: 5943: 5907: 5848: 5697: 5641: 5590: 5549: 5508: 5462: 5404: 5345:Maria Edgeworth 5281: 5274: 5153: 5075: 4985: 4964:Romantic genius 4894:Gesamtkunstwerk 4871: 4832:Sturm und Drang 4739: 4670: 4665: 4635: 4626: 4502: 4479: 4456: 4429: 4398: 4381:Prince Charming 4375: 4371:Superfluous man 4366:Nice Jewish boy 4319: 4296: 4260: 4237: 4219: 4202:Lady-in-waiting 4196: 4173: 4140: 4112: 4084: 4070:Fairy godmother 4046: 3970: 3947: 3886: 3826: 3798: 3769: 3738: 3717: 3696:Gentleman thief 3677: 3670: and 3638: 3597: 3569: 3541: 3467: 3456: 3438: 3433: 3386:The Blank Slate 3375: 3370: 3280:Pagden, Anthony 3010:Barzun, Jacques 2996:Further reading 2993: 2992: 2983: 2981: 2978:National Review 2972: 2971: 2967: 2958: 2956: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2934: 2932: 2922: 2918: 2909: 2905: 2896: 2892: 2883: 2879: 2870: 2866: 2857: 2853: 2830: 2826: 2816: 2814: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2790: 2788: 2787:on 2 April 2009 2779: 2778: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2723: 2719: 2712: 2695: 2691: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2587: 2583: 2579:(0000), p. 326. 2574: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2471: 2450: 2446: 2436: 2434: 2431:Founders Online 2425: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2376:Founders Online 2370: 2369: 2365: 2354: 2350: 2341: 2337: 2328: 2324: 2313: 2309: 2300: 2296: 2287: 2283: 2274: 2270: 2255: 2251: 2239: 2235: 2227:Cave, Terence. 2226: 2222: 2215: 2211: 2202: 2198: 2189: 2185: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2140: 2136: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2109: 2105: 2082: 2078: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2018: 2014: 2005: 2001: 1986: 1981: 1939:Brave New World 1931:The Blue Lagoon 1911:State of nature 1906:Social progress 1837:Romantic racism 1803:Objectification 1761: 1682: 1647:ethical dualism 1624: 1619: 1609:term to modern 1578: 1552: 1548: 1476:Household Words 1471: 1469:Charles Dickens 1413:social contract 1301:state of nature 1271: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1144: 1138: 1079: 1074: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1018:Tobias Smollett 1005: 998: 991: 970: 935: 932: 920:explains that: 904: 899: 845:slave rebellion 797: 663: 584: 564:Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān 550: 516: 511: 479: 478: 442:(woodwose) who 406:American Indian 401: 398: 396: 394: 392: 390: 388: 386: 384: 382: 380: 378: 376: 374: 362:An Essay on Man 334:locus classicus 284: 281: 279: 217:stock character 204:stock character 196: 180:romanticisation 144:state of nature 78:represents the 62:stock character 42: 35: 28: 27:Stock character 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7128: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7070: 7069: 7049: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7018: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6942: 6940: 6939:Related topics 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6667:Gallen-Kallela 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6642:David d'Angers 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6583: 6581: 6579:Visual artists 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6539:Schleiermacher 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6348: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6241: 6239: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6190: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6005: 6001: 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4656: 4649: 4641: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4607:Tragic mulatto 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4582:Shoulder angel 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4553:("The Lovers") 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4466: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4454: 4445: 4439: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4306: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4283: 4281: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4229: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4206: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4183: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4159:Southern belle 4156: 4150: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4122: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4090:Hawksian woman 4086: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4056: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4005:Girl next door 4002: 3997: 3991: 3989: 3982: 3972: 3971: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3939: 3925: 3920: 3918:Masked villain 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3836: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3808: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3778: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3767: 3761: 3759: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3675: 3648: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3620: 3618: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3583: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3488: 3486: 3479: 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B. Shelley 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5370:Mary Robinson 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5099:Chateaubriand 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4928:Mal du siècle 4925: 4923: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4650: 4648: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4617:Village idiot 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4562:Magical Negro 4560: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4498: 4494: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4394:Knight-errant 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4356:Little Johnny 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4341:Ivan the Fool 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4302:Father figure 4299: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4118:Woman warrior 4115: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3988:Love interest 3986: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3962: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3865:Swamp monster 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3817:Mad scientist 3815: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3616:Lovable rogue 3613: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3586:Super soldier 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3512:Knight-errant 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3497:Christ figure 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3320:0-8133-3863-8 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3304:0-670-03151-8 3301: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3267:0-415-27319-6 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3236: 3235:0-374-95130-6 3232: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3211:0-312-31089-7 3208: 3204: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2907: 2900: 2894: 2887: 2881: 2874: 2868: 2861: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2828: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2774: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2713: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2693: 2679: 2677:9781921536007 2673: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2650: 2641: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2590: 2585: 2578: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2472: 2470:9780876451113 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2414: 2412:9780199753949 2408: 2403: 2402: 2393: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2326: 2319: 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1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1704:Roger Sandall 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1582:John Crawfurd 1572: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1517: 1512: 1505: 1501: 1500:George Catlin 1496: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481:George Catlin 1478: 1477: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1447: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1378: 1377:primitivistic 1374: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1280: 1275: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1205:Susquehannock 1202: 1189: 1182: 1176: 1167: 1166:negro slavery 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1142: 1139:Paul Hazard, 1135: 1129: 1121: 1113: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1077: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1059:Thomas Hobbes 1056: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1039:Thomas Hobbes 1032: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1002: 995: 992: 971: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 942: 938:In the novel 929: 927: 921: 919: 915: 911: 910: 894: 892: 888: 884: 881: 877: 873: 869: 868:romance novel 865: 861: 857: 853: 852:popular novel 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 821: 816: 815: 806: 801: 791: 789: 788:Louvre Palace 783: 773: 769: 763: 757: 750: 744: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 715: 713: 706: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 641:, the priest 640: 636: 632: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 560: 555: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 522: 506: 503: 499: 495: 489: 487: 483: 476: 472: 465: 463: 458: 450: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 400: 369: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 350: 345: 341: 340: 335: 331: 326: 324: 320: 315: 311: 303: 302: 298: 294: 289: 283: 274: 272: 271: 266: 262: 254: 253: 249: 244: 240: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 210: 209: 205: 200: 191: 187: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 166:then denoted 165: 160: 158: 154: 150: 145: 141: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 118: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 83: 81: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 40: 33: 19: 7095:Anthropology 7057: 7050: 7043: 7027: 6747:Porto-Alegre 6401:Philosophers 6285:Rachmaninoff 5734:Chavchavadze 5724:Baratashvili 5484:João de Deus 5453:Wincenty Pol 5245:Küchelbecker 4973: 4939:Noble savage 4926: 4892: 4867:Wallenrodism 4844: 4830: 4761:Coppet group 4695:(literature) 4622:White savior 4592:Straight man 4526:Dragonslayer 4475:Black knight 4443:Seme and uke 4425:Mountain man 4415:Noble savage 4310:Wise old man 4131:Magical girl 4103:Femme fatale 4080:Loathly lady 4035:Monster girl 3880:Nazi zombies 3855:Monster girl 3822:Supervillain 3784:Double agent 3757:Antivillains 3711:Space pirate 3644:Tricky slave 3591:Space marine 3555:Byronic hero 3537:Youngest son 3485:Classic hero 3397: 3389: 3385: 3364: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3336: 3329: 3312: 3293: 3283: 3254: 3247: 3240: 3226: 3219: 3202: 3188: 3178: 3171: 3168:Hazard, Paul 3124: 3120:American Art 3118: 3110: 3103: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3063: 3055: 3041: 3034: 3023: 3013: 3003: 2995: 2994: 2982:. 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Schlegel 6529:A. Schlegel 6305:Tchaikovsky 6194:Bortkiewicz 6066:R. Schumann 6061:C. Schumann 6026:Kalkbrenner 5995:Saint-Saëns 5300:Anne Brontë 5185:Eichendorff 5170:B. v. Arnim 5165:A. v. Arnim 4975:Weltschmerz 4934:Medievalism 4883:Blue flower 4811:Nationalist 4756:Bohemianism 4668:Romanticism 4567:Mole people 4410:Feral child 4292:Scaramouche 4164:Valley girl 4126:Jungle girl 4098:Dragon Lady 4075:La Ruffiana 4020:Loosu ponnu 3942:Il Capitano 3565:Tragic hero 3517:Legacy hero 3492:Action hero 2886:The Gazette 2817:13 November 2791:13 November 1847:Feral child 1817:Pelagianism 1808:Orientalism 1778:(Montaigne) 1745:archaeology 1735:written by 1643:John Zerzan 1458:nationality 1235:associators 1201:Paxton Boys 1186:J.B. 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Ashgate. 3106:(New York) 3083:Our Legacy 3051:Bury, J.B. 2984:2024-09-04 2959:2024-09-04 2935:2024-09-04 2683:2009-02-23 2544:Rousseau, 2505:(1923) in 2265:: 196–206. 1984:References 1891:Golden Age 1696:golden age 1598:polygenism 1586:James Hunt 1516:Sha-có-pay 1429:Mandeville 1390:Aphra Behn 1313:philosophe 1243:Germantown 1237:including 969:fugitives. 880:stage play 825:Aphra Behn 795:Literature 568:Ibn Tufail 554:Andalusian 548:Al-Andalus 475:Longfellow 299:, c. 1736) 95:wild beast 54:literature 50:philosophy 7052:Modernism 6712:Kiprensky 6672:Géricault 6657:Friedrich 6647:Delacroix 6622:Constable 6602:Bonington 6592:Bierstadt 6544:Senancour 6519:Schelling 6474:Lamennais 6469:Khomyakov 6434:Coleridge 6429:Chaadayev 6336:Stanković 6331:Mokranjac 6250:Balakirev 6209:Moniuszko 6158:Donizetti 6153:Cherubini 6051:Meyerbeer 6036:Marschner 6011:Beethoven 5924:Moscheles 5858:Musicians 5844:Wergeland 5809:Orbeliani 5764:Grundtvig 5668:Hawthorne 5637:Zhukovsky 5632:Vyazemsky 5617:Lermontov 5576:Gutiérrez 5535:Radičević 5499:Herculano 5423:Krasiński 5365:Radcliffe 5335:Coleridge 5310:E. Brontë 5305:C. Brontë 5235:Jean Paul 5230:Hölderlin 5119:Lamartine 5056:Magalhães 5046:Guimarães 4954:Pantheism 4944:Nostalgia 4796:Indianism 4744:Movements 4675:Countries 4612:Truck-kun 4516:Barbarian 4450:Otokonoko 4403:Primitive 4279:Harlequin 4270:Masculine 4225:Geek girl 4210:Columbina 4146:Queen bee 3932:Pantalone 3903:Archenemy 3812:Dark lord 3794:Terrorist 3789:Evil twin 3660:Brighella 3656:Harlequin 3634:Trickster 3581:Cyberhero 3560:Man alone 3532:Superhero 3507:Folk hero 3452:Archetype 3353:(Chicago) 3298:. 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