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contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers. Further criticism holds that the Nobel Peace Prize has become increasingly politicized, in which people are awarded for aspirations rather than accomplishments, which has allowed for the prize to be used for political effect but can cause perverse consequences due to the neglect of existing power politics, including the breakdown of fragile peace processes.
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Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the committee to select the laureate. The
Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but it is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.
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963:, Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, "The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question." In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that "there was no suitable living candidate" that year. Later, when the
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awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded. Over time, many individuals have become known as "Nobel Peace Prize
Nominees", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration. Indeed, in 1939,
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ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In
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In 2009, a record 205 nominations were received, but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations. The statutes of the Nobel
Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to
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Let me say to you, the
Palestinians: We are destined to live together, on the same soil in the same land. We, the soldiers who have returned from battle stained with blood, we who have seen our relatives and friends killed before our eyes, we who have attended their funerals and cannot look into the
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According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who in the preceding year "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". Alfred Nobel's will
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Some commentators have suggested that the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements, or with the intention of encouraging future achievements. Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable
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The working language of the
Norwegian Nobel Committee is Norwegian; in addition to Norwegian the committee has traditionally received nominations in French, German, and English, but today most nominations are submitted in either Norwegian or English. Nominations must usually be submitted to the
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Nobel Peace Prize controversies often reach beyond the academic community. Criticisms that have been levelled against some of the awards include allegations that they were politically motivated, premature, or guided by a faulty definition of what constitutes work for peace. The awards given to
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Nominations are considered by the Nobel
Committee at a meeting where a shortlist of candidates for further review is created. This shortlist is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the institute's Director and Research Director, and a small number of
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has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel
Committee. The committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948. The omission has been publicly
589:. The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount. The money awarded varies over time, depending on the profitability of the Nobel bequest's investments and the exchange rate to the recipient's local currency. Around 2020, typical awards were
484:
Each year, the
Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. These nominators are:
377:("The merchant of death is dead"), and went on to say, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday." However, it has been questioned whether or not the obituary in question actually existed.
258:. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to people who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of
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345:, a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category. Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included
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opinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel
Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will.
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eyes of parents and orphans, we who have come from a land where parents bury their children, we who have fought against you, the
Palestinians â we say to you today in a loud and clear voice; Enough of blood and tears. Enough.
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As of October 2022, the Peace Prize has been awarded to 110 individuals and 27 organizations. 18 women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than any other Nobel Prize. Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the
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of Alfred by mistake. One French newspaper condemned him for his invention of military explosives and this is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death. The obituary stated,
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at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as
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the article, Norwegian historian Ăivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation-building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests.
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committee by the beginning of February in the award year. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.
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651:" ("For the peace and brotherhood of men"). The edge of the medal is inscribed with the year of its awarding, with the name of its recipient and "Prix Nobel de la Paix".
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for Vigeland's peace medal were made by Lindberg as Vigeland was not an engraver. The reverse of the medal features three men in a 'fraternal bond' and the inscription "
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516:, philosophy, law, and theology, university rectors, university directors (or their equivalents), and directors of peace research and international affairs institutes
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from Iran for her work in "fighting against the oppression of women in Iran." This prize is criticized by many for being used as a political tool.
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Nobelkomiteen bĂžr ta inn medlemmer med faglig og internasjonal bakgrunn... som gjĂžre en like god jobb som pensjonerte stortingsrepresentanter.
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may have been the most controversial, with two members of the selection committee resigning in protest and widespread derision in the press.
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1419:"Alfred Nobel's Will: A Legal Document that Might Have Changed the World and a Man's Legacy | In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress"
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were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with
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was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that it was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi."
200:"We who have fought against you, the Palestinians, we say to you today, in a loud and a clear voice; Enough of blood and tears. Enough!"
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There is a well known, but possibly apocryphal, story that in 1888, after the death of his brother Ludvig, several newspapers published
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2011:
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Military cemeteries in every corner of the world are silent testimony to the failure of national leaders to sanctify human life.
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received a satirical nomination from a member of the Swedish parliament, mocking the (serious but unsuccessful) nomination of
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61:: arms reduction, international cooperation, and organisations contributing to peace, and human rights contributions to peace
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established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer
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357:, an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s. Nobel was also instrumental in turning
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on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in
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2956:"National Peace Nobel Prize shares 1901â2009 by citizenship (or home of the organization) at the time of the award."
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further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.
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Peace, They Say: A History of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Most Famous and Controversial Prize in the World
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643:'s profile of Nobel on the chemistry, literature, physics, and physiology or medicine medals. The
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It is also unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was
353:, both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war and the
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The Rabin Memoirs, Expanded Edition with Recent Speeches, New Photographs, and an Afterword
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Due to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has, for most of its history, been the
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1057:"Nobel Peace Prize winners actually get a lot of money. Here's how much they can expect"
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Einar Hovdhaugen. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Fri. 23 February 2024.
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Helge Rognlien. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Fri. 23 February 2024.
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since 1990, previously in the assembly hall of the University of Oslo (1947 -1989),
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2069:"Obama's peace prize didn't have the desired effect, former Nobel official reveals"
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KREBS, RONALD R. (Winter 2009â10). "The False Promise of the Nobel Peace Prize".
1800:"The darkly ironic 1939 letter nominating Adolf Hitler for the Nobel Peace Prize"
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887:
636:
590:
428:
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1317:"Nobel Peace Prize: Narges Mohammadi, Jailed Iranian Activist, Is 2023 Laureate"
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From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the
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2895:"Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee"
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Peace and Its Discontents: Essays on Palestine in the Middle East Peace Process
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as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for
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BBC History â 1916 Easter Rising â Profiles â The Irish Republican Brotherhood
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The Unfinished Presidency: Jimmy Carter's Journey to the Nobel Peace Prize
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Gotlieb, Michael (24 October 1994). "Arafat tarnishes the Nobel trophy".
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In accordance with Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the
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522:, including board members of organizations that have received the prize
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2837:"The Nomination Database for the Nobel Peace Prize, 1901â1956: Gandhi"
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3693:
1199:"20 years on, Rabin's right-hand man regrets arguments won, and lost"
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called the Nobel Peace Prize "a huge bore and a fraud" in his memoir
635:
The medal for the Peace Prize was designed by the Norwegian sculptor
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334:
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Academics at the professor or associate professor level in history,
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Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing
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in 1901. Vigeland's profile sculpture of Alfred Nobel differs from
459:
400:'s efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration.
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2589:"Norwegian protesters say EU Nobel Peace Prize win devalues award"
2264:"Gorbachev Gets Nobel Peace Prize For Foreign Police Achievements"
548:. Nominations from 1901 to 1971 have been released in a database.
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Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the
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is the only person who refused to accept the Nobel Peace Prize.
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2558:"Ethiopia's Abiy Ahmed: The Nobel Prize winner who went to war"
1663:. The Norwegian Nobel Committee. 8 October 2017. Archived from
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73:
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https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/bio-einar-hovdhaugen
330:
58:
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Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes).
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Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century
2627:
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/bio-helge-rognlien
758:
contended that major criticisms of the award were that the
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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
417:
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from an iron and steel producer into an armaments company.
266:
describes it as "the most prestigious prize in the world."
69:
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International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
525:
Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
392:. It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the
1256:
The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History
154:
1177:"1993 Year in Review: Israeli-Palestinian Peace Treaty"
480:
List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize
3263:
2869:"Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in the 21st Century"
2466:"Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?"
2038:"Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?"
951:
as people who "never won the prize, but should have."
839:
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presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the
4401:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
2410:"Surprised, humbled Obama awarded Nobel Peace Prize"
1478:
Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen
750:
In 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper
615:. From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the
16:
One of five Nobel Prizes established by Alfred Nobel
2159:
1524:"Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize?"
959:regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.
682:has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the
2657:
2497:"The Nobel Peace Prize That Paved the Way for War"
1385:
569:Obverse and reverse of the Nobel Peace Prize Medal
303:was awarded to imprisoned women's rights advocate
4449:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
5308:
597:, which translated to roughly 1 million USD.
19:"Nobel Peace" redirects here. For the film, see
2528:"Did a Nobel Peace Laureate Stoke a Civil War?"
1912:. The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from
1862:. The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from
1773:"Who may submit nominations â Nobels fredspris"
1687:"President Barack Obama wins Nobel Peace Prize"
1150:. University of California Press. p. 401.
751:
2031:
2029:
1604:"Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes"
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906:have all been the subject of controversy. The
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4039:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
3772:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
3249:
2988:
2813:"Your Questions About the Nobel Peace Prize!"
1963:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1655:
1653:
1174:
264:The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History
2331:
2329:
2165:
1713:"Nominations for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize"
1001:"Behind the scenes of the Nobel Peace Prize"
908:1973 award to Henry Kissinger and LĂȘ Äức Thá»
670:View of a diploma â Nobel Peace Prize 2001,
600:Since 1990, the ceremony has taken place at
371:
5288:Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields
2337:"Worldwide criticism of Nobel peace awards"
2169:(4 October 2011). "Fredsprisens grÄsoner".
2026:
2004:"Why a Nobel Peace Prize Was Once Rejected"
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1168:
403:
273:, a five-member committee appointed by the
5242:Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute
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1273:A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
39:
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4327:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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575:Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
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3842:International Committee of the Red Cross
3674:International Committee of the Red Cross
3631:Nansen International Office for Refugees
3437:International Committee of the Red Cross
2940:at the official site of the Nobel Prize
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1910:"Prisutdelingen | Nobels fredspris"
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680:International Committee of the Red Cross
665:
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422:
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143:International Committee of the Red Cross
4191:International Campaign to Ban Landmines
2749:"Nobel Peace Prize's Notable Omissions"
2526:Anderson, Jon Lee (26 September 2022).
2380:"Nobel chief regrets Obama peace prize"
2317:
2035:
2001:
1797:
1601:
1521:
1355:"Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel"
454:displaying their 1994 Nobel Peace Prize
5309:
2793:from the original on 20 September 2018
2783:"Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate"
2771:
2713:
2703:from the original on 26 February 2024.
2682:
2678:from the original on 26 February 2024.
2587:Criscione, Valeria (7 December 2012).
2112:from the original on 13 September 2013
2099:
2093:
2066:
1628:"Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize"
1616:from the original on 30 November 2023.
1592:
1536:from the original on 30 November 2023.
1416:
1054:
1045:
1003:. The Nobel Prize. 28 September 2021.
861:at the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony
277:. The prize award ceremony is held in
5283:World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates
4557:
3237:
3002:
2976:
2746:
2538:from the original on 13 February 2024
2507:from the original on 15 December 2021
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2243:from the original on 23 February 2024
2186:
2081:from the original on 13 February 2016
1810:from the original on 11 November 2017
1547:
1545:
1543:
1143:
1069:from the original on 11 December 2023
1007:from the original on 15 December 2023
560:
2907:from the original on 27 January 2011
2849:from the original on 7 December 2008
2689:Nordlinger, Jay (30 November 2023).
2568:from the original on 11 October 2019
2476:from the original on 12 October 2009
2447:from the original on 13 October 2009
2437:"World Reaction to a Nobel Surprise"
2292:
2274:from the original on 11 January 2024
2261:
2102:"The Nobel: Dynamite or damp squib?"
2036:Nichols, Michelle (9 October 2009).
2014:from the original on 21 October 2016
1840:from the original on 2 February 2021
1798:Merelli, Annelise (7 October 2016).
1693:from the original on 12 October 2009
1579:"Nobel: How He Built His Reputation"
1458:from the original on 5 November 2018
1335:from the original on 17 January 2024
1281:10.1093/acref/9780199295678.001.0001
913:
789:
697:
2607:from the original on 8 January 2023
2435:Otterman, Sharon (9 October 2009),
2347:from the original on 9 October 2021
2199:from the original on 7 January 2012
1753:from the original on 12 August 2021
1365:from the original on 15 August 2018
1144:Rabin, Yitzhak (17 November 1996).
1125:from the original on 7 October 2022
1121:. The Nobel Prize. 7 October 2022.
1099:from the original on 2 January 2007
840:Criticism of individual conferments
661:List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
659:For a more comprehensive list, see
396:had become closely involved in the
13:
5022:Washington University in St. Louis
4427:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
4293:International Atomic Energy Agency
3706:American Friends Service Committee
2949:"The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies"
2759:from the original on 31 March 2015
2664:TĂžnnesson, Ăyvind (29 June 2000).
2495:Walsh, Declan (15 December 2021).
2412:. Associated Press. Archived from
2187:Nobel, Michael (9 December 2011).
2145:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00660.x
2067:Taylor, Adam (17 September 2015).
1983:from the original on 30 April 2021
1886:"What the Nobel Laureates Receive"
1540:
1429:from the original on 27 March 2019
1315:Boxerman, Aaron (6 October 2023).
1297:from the original on 29 March 2024
14:
5353:
3908:International Labour Organization
2922:
2781:TĂžnnesson, Ăyvind (7 July 2022).
1689:. Associated Press on yahoo.com.
1602:Schultz, Colin (9 October 2013).
1454:. The Norwegian Nobel Committee.
1384:Nordlinger, Jay (20 March 2012).
1267:Palmowski, Jan (1 January 2008),
1033:from the original on 20 July 2018
609:University of Oslo Faculty of Law
528:Former permanent advisers to the
294:subject of numerous controversies
4650:
4583:
2714:Kenner, David (7 October 2009).
2390:from the original on 17 May 2021
2262:Rule, Sheila (16 October 1990).
2100:Murphy, Clare (10 August 2004).
2048:from the original on 10 May 2017
2002:Rothman, Lily (9 October 2015).
1971:"Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize"
1779:from the original on 17 May 2013
1565:from the original on 2 May 2015.
1417:Levush, Ruth (7 December 2015).
1055:Morris, Chris (5 October 2022).
834:, 1994 Nobel Peace Prize lecture
793:
702:
649:Pro pace et fraternitate gentium
4107:Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)
3320:Institut de Droit International
2887:
2861:
2829:
2805:
2747:James, Frank (9 October 2009).
2740:
2707:
2638:
2619:
2580:
2550:
2519:
2488:
2458:
2428:
2402:
2372:
2359:
2311:
2286:
2255:
2223:
2211:
2180:
2124:
2060:
1995:
1902:
1878:
1822:
1791:
1765:
1735:
1705:
1679:
1620:
1569:
1515:
1494:
1470:
1410:
1377:
1347:
1308:
1260:
1248:
686:has won twice (1954 and 1981).
508:Institut de Droit International
373:Le marchand de la mort est mort
5278:Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
5042:Catholic priests and religious
2944:"All Nobel Laureates in Peace"
2691:"Controversies and criticisms"
2666:"Controversies and criticisms"
2231:"Controversies and criticisms"
2218:1994 Nobel Peace Prize lecture
2195:(in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway.
1576:Makovsky, Ken (11 July 2011).
1522:Andrews, Evan (23 July 2020).
1216:
1191:
1137:
1111:
1081:
1019:
993:
785:
501:International Court of Justice
497:Permanent Court of Arbitration
1:
5332:1901 establishments in Norway
4672:Heads of state and government
3846:League of Red Cross Societies
3372:Paul Estournelles de Constant
2716:"Nobel Peace Prize Also-Rans"
2320:The San Diego Union â Tribune
1941:"The Nobel Peace Prize Medal"
1860:"How are Laureates selected?"
1661:"Who may submit nominations?"
987:
473:
435:, Nobel Peace Prize laureates
310:
57:Outstanding contributions to
1491:. Retrieved 14 October 2006.
1224:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901"
1179:. United Press International
1119:"The Nobel Peace Prize 2022"
1089:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901"
725:or discuss the issue on the
693:
654:
551:
355:Irish Republican Brotherhood
7:
4997:City University of New York
2343:. London. 18 October 1973.
2173:(in Norwegian). p. 4.
2133:Political Science Quarterly
1392:. Encounter Books. p.
1275:, Oxford University Press,
970:
242:, along with the prizes in
86:on behalf of the estate of
10:
5358:
5337:Awards established in 1901
4520:Center for Civil Liberties
3380:International Peace Bureau
2931:â Official webpage of the
2189:"I strid med Nobels vilje"
843:
717:towards certain viewpoints
658:
628:
477:
468:Nobel Peace Prize laureate
18:
5296:
5250:
5235:Norwegian Nobel Committee
5192:
5141:
5131:PRIO Director's Shortlist
5034:
4987:
4783:
4728:
4659:
4648:
4609:
4591:
4232:
3981:
3738:
3515:
3275:
3088:
3080:PRIO Director's Shortlist
3010:
2933:Norwegian Nobel Committee
2593:Christian Science Monitor
1027:"The Nobel Prize amounts"
846:Nobel Prize controversies
760:Norwegian Nobel Committee
613:Norwegian Nobel Institute
530:Norwegian Nobel Institute
491:Inter-Parliamentary Union
464:Norwegian Nobel Committee
414:Norwegian Nobel Institute
398:Inter-Parliamentary Union
283:Norwegian Nobel Institute
271:Norwegian Nobel Committee
161:
149:
138:
125:
107:
93:
84:Norwegian Nobel Committee
79:
65:
53:
48:'s 2002 Nobel Peace Prize
38:
33:
4596:Lists of Nobel laureates
4215:MĂ©decins Sans FrontiĂšres
2651:12 February 2023 at the
2632:11 February 2023 at the
624:
404:Nomination and selection
3702:Friends Service Council
2938:"The Nobel Peace Prize"
2929:"The Nobel Peace Prize"
1558:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1483:30 January 2016 at the
433:Archbishop Desmond Tutu
113:; 122 years ago
5230:Physiology or Medicine
5176:Physiology or Medicine
5103:Physiology or Medicine
4720:Physiology or Medicine
4642:Physiology or Medicine
4099:UN Peacekeeping Forces
3948: (declined award)
3857:Martin Luther King Jr.
1232:. 1972. Archived from
1175:Dicus, Howard (1993).
862:
837:
752:
674:
583:Norwegian royal family
570:
455:
436:
420:
372:
322:
252:Physiology or Medicine
231:
202:
4371:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
4051:Alfonso GarcĂa Robles
4031:Adolfo PĂ©rez Esquivel
4003:Amnesty International
3615:Carlos Saavedra Lamas
2386:. 17 September 2015.
2365:Douglas G. Brinkley.
2293:Said, Edward (1996).
1254:"Nobel Peace Prize",
853:
824:
669:
568:
442:
426:
411:
318:
285:(1905â1946), and the
234:) is one of the five
198:
111:10 December 1901
103:10 million SEK (2022)
5017:Princeton University
4486:World Food Programme
2875:on 15 September 2011
1830:"Nomination Archive"
1609:Smithsonian Magazine
1506:1 March 2024 at the
776:Christopher Hitchens
466:, which selects the
460:Norwegian Parliament
394:Norwegian parliament
275:Parliament of Norway
5126:AFSC Nobel nominees
5002:Columbia University
4167:Pugwash Conferences
2696:The National Review
2564:. 11 October 2021.
2074:The Washington Post
1898:on 30 October 2007.
1476:Altman, L. (2006).
1269:"Nobel Peace Prize"
1203:The Times of Israel
1029:. The Nobel Prize.
723:improve the article
593:roughly 10 million
546:Neville Chamberlain
520:Previous recipients
5012:Harvard University
4438:Juan Manuel Santos
3764:George C. Marshall
3607:Carl von Ossietzky
3502:Austen Chamberlain
3368:A. M. F. Beernaert
3336:Theodore Roosevelt
3328:Bertha von Suttner
2728:on 25 January 2010
2501:The New York Times
2472:. 9 October 2009.
2441:The New York Times
2268:The New York Times
2220:(10 December 1994)
1916:on 4 November 2012
1723:on 11 October 2011
1321:The New York Times
1093:www.nobelprize.org
977:Gandhi Peace Prize
863:
805:. You can help by
675:
571:
561:Awarding the prize
456:
437:
421:
343:Bertha von Suttner
323:
21:Nobel Peace (film)
5317:Nobel Peace Prize
5304:
5303:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5111:
5110:
5030:
5029:
4983:
4982:
4601:Nobel Prize medal
4551:
4550:
4412:Kailash Satyarthi
4297:Mohamed ElBaradei
4115:Mikhail Gorbachev
3810:Philip Noel-Baker
3794:Lester B. Pearson
3756:Albert Schweitzer
3537:Ferdinand Buisson
3529:Gustav Stresemann
3408:Henri La Fontaine
3269:Nobel Peace Prize
3231:
3230:
3004:Nobel Peace Prize
2968:arXiv:1009.2634v1
2825:on 23 March 2007.
2416:on 9 October 2009
1866:on 31 August 2009
1743:"Confidentiality"
1638:on 30 August 2009
1290:978-0-19-929567-8
1236:on 2 January 2007
1157:978-0-520-20766-0
933:Eleanor Roosevelt
914:Notable omissions
868:Mikhail Gorbachev
859:ThorbjĂžrn Jagland
823:
822:
744:
743:
631:Nobel Prize medal
386:union with Sweden
301:most recent prize
220:Nobel Peace Prize
196:
195:
192:
191:
126:Currently held by
34:Nobel Peace Prize
5349:
5327:Norwegian awards
5273:Nobel Laboratory
5205:Nobel Committees
5200:Nobel Foundation
5139:
5138:
5113:
5112:
5058:
5057:
4781:
4780:
4685:
4684:
4654:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4555:
4554:
4544:
4533:
4531:Narges Mohammadi
4522:
4503:
4488:
4477:
4466:
4451:
4440:
4429:
4418:
4416:Malala Yousafzai
4403:
4392:
4381:
4362:
4351:
4340:
4338:Martti Ahtisaari
4329:
4314:
4299:
4284:
4273:
4262:
4251:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4183:José Ramos-Horta
4173:
4161:
4145:
4133:
4131:Rigoberta MenchĂș
4125:
4123:Aung San Suu Kyi
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
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3995:Mairead Corrigan
3974:
3966:
3954:
3939:
3938:
3932:
3921:
3910:
3899:
3888:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3859:
3848:
3836:
3828:
3826:Dag Hammarskjöld
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3774:
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3758:
3750:
3731:
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3660:
3654:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3599:Arthur Henderson
3593:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3566:
3564:Nathan Söderblom
3558:
3556:Frank B. Kellogg
3550:
3549:
3543:
3531:
3508:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3474:
3468:Hjalmar Branting
3462:
3454:
3446:
3445:
3439:
3431:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3382:
3374:
3362:
3350:
3338:
3330:
3322:
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3244:
3235:
3234:
2997:
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2983:
2974:
2973:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2900:Nobel Foundation
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2871:. Archived from
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2842:Nobel Foundation
2833:
2827:
2826:
2821:. Archived from
2818:Nobel Foundation
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2787:Nobel Foundation
2778:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2724:. Archived from
2711:
2705:
2704:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2661:
2655:
2642:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2616:
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2363:
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2352:
2333:
2324:
2323:
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2309:
2308:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2236:Nobel Foundation
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1976:Nobel Foundation
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1947:. Archived from
1945:Nobel Foundation
1937:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1894:. Archived from
1891:Nobel Foundation
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1834:Nobel Foundation
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1806:. Quartz Media.
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1747:Nobel Foundation
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1719:. Archived from
1717:Nobel Foundation
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1634:. Archived from
1632:Nobel Foundation
1624:
1618:
1617:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1549:
1538:
1537:
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1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1391:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1359:Nobel Foundation
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1229:Nobel Foundation
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1141:
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1134:
1132:
1130:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
997:
954:The omission of
949:Fazle Hasan Abed
818:
815:
797:
790:
766:In another 2011
757:
739:
736:
730:
706:
705:
698:
375:
305:Narges Mohammadi
260:peace congresses
232:Nobels fredspris
214:
163:
162:
157:
130:Narges Mohammadi
121:
119:
114:
43:
31:
30:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5299:
5292:
5268:Björkborn Manor
5246:
5180:
5137:
5107:
5056:
5026:
4979:
4959:South American
4944:North American
4785:
4779:
4732:
4730:
4724:
4683:
4655:
4646:
4605:
4587:
4582:
4552:
4547:
4542:to be announced
4536:
4525:
4512:Ales Bialiatski
4506:
4491:
4480:
4469:
4454:
4443:
4432:
4421:
4406:
4395:
4384:
4379:Tawakkol Karman
4365:
4354:
4343:
4332:
4317:
4302:
4287:
4282:Wangari Maathai
4276:
4265:
4254:
4239:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4200:
4188:
4176:
4164:
4148:
4136:
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4112:
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4096:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4008:
4000:
3988:
3977:
3972:Andrei Sakharov
3969:
3957:
3952:Henry Kissinger
3942:
3936:
3935:
3924:
3913:
3902:
3891:
3883:
3882:
3874:
3873:
3862:
3851:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3769:
3761:
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3745:
3734:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3699:
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3679:
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3664:
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3644:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3576:Nicholas Butler
3569:
3561:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3534:
3525:Aristide Briand
3522:
3511:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3480:Fridtjof Nansen
3477:
3472:Christian Lange
3465:
3457:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3414:
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3333:
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3084:
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2920:
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2908:
2893:
2892:
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2866:
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2852:
2850:
2835:
2834:
2830:
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2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2779:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2712:
2708:
2687:
2683:
2671:Nobel Committee
2662:
2658:
2653:Wayback Machine
2643:
2639:
2634:Wayback Machine
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
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2327:
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2246:
2244:
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2228:
2224:
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2202:
2200:
2185:
2181:
2164:
2160:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1951:on 5 March 2019
1939:
1938:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1828:
1827:
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1667:on 30 June 2013
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1529:History Channel
1520:
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1508:Wayback Machine
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994:
990:
973:
916:
888:Henry Kissinger
848:
842:
819:
813:
810:
803:needs expansion
788:
740:
734:
731:
720:
707:
703:
696:
664:
657:
637:Gustav Vigeland
633:
627:
591:on the order of
563:
554:
514:social sciences
495:Members of the
482:
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429:14th Dalai Lama
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4765:Latin American
4762:
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4726:
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4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4691:
4689:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4675:
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4668:by occupation
4665:
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4644:
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4523:
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4501:Dmitry Muratov
4489:
4478:
4467:
4452:
4441:
4430:
4419:
4404:
4393:
4390:European Union
4382:
4363:
4352:
4341:
4330:
4315:
4312:Muhammad Yunus
4300:
4285:
4274:
4263:
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4245:United Nations
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4174:
4171:Joseph Rotblat
4162:
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4143:F. W. de Klerk
4139:Nelson Mandela
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4042:
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4018:
4015:Menachem Begin
4006:
3998:
3991:Betty Williams
3985:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3967:
3955:
3940:
3933:
3922:
3919:Norman Borlaug
3911:
3900:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3860:
3849:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3818:Albert Luthuli
3813:
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3789:
3782:
3775:
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3532:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3475:
3463:
3460:LĂ©on Bourgeois
3455:
3452:Woodrow Wilson
3447:
3440:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3383:
3375:
3363:
3356:Klas Arnoldson
3351:
3344:Ernesto Moneta
3339:
3331:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3295:
3292:Frédéric Passy
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3261:
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3253:
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3062:
3057:
3055:Oslo City Hall
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3014:
3012:
3011:General topics
3008:
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2960:J. Schmidhuber
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2923:External links
2921:
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2721:Foreign Policy
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2139:(4): 593â625.
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1836:. April 2020.
1821:
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1553:"Alfred Nobel"
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982:Sakharov Prize
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961:Geir Lundestad
956:Mahatma Gandhi
929:Mahatma Gandhi
925:Corazon Aquino
920:Foreign Policy
915:
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904:European Union
844:Main article:
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602:Oslo City Hall
579:King of Norway
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4989:by university
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4806:South African
4804:
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4793:
4791:
4789:
4782:
4776:
4775:Non-religious
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4771:
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4761:
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4756:
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4460:Denis Mukwege
4457:
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4375:Leymah Gbowee
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4208:
4207:David Trimble
4204:
4199:
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4195:Jody Williams
4192:
4187:
4184:
4180:
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4159:Yasser Arafat
4156:
4155:Yitzhak Rabin
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4032:
4027:
4024:
4023:Mother Teresa
4019:
4016:
4012:
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4004:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3986:
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3960:SeĂĄn MacBride
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3834:Linus Pauling
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3591:Norman Angell
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3541:Ludwig Quidde
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3507:
3506:Charles Dawes
3503:
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3404:
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3396:
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3361:
3360:Fredrik Bajer
3357:
3352:
3349:
3348:Louis Renault
3345:
3340:
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3332:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3312:Randal Cremer
3308:
3305:
3304:Charles Gobat
3301:
3300:Ălie Ducommun
3296:
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3073:Organizations
3071:
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3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3048:Oslo Spektrum
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2322:. p. B7.
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2063:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1897:
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1479:
1473:
1457:
1453:
1452:"Why Norway?"
1447:
1445:
1428:
1424:
1423:blogs.loc.gov
1420:
1413:
1405:
1403:9781594035999
1399:
1395:
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1178:
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1164:
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1120:
1114:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1006:
1002:
996:
992:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
968:
966:
962:
957:
952:
950:
946:
945:Ken Saro-Wiwa
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:Yasser Arafat
877:
873:
872:Yitzhak Rabin
869:
860:
856:
852:
847:
833:
832:Yitzhak Rabin
829:
828:
827:
817:
808:
804:
801:This section
799:
796:
792:
791:
783:
781:
777:
772:
769:
764:
761:
756:
755:
748:
738:
728:
724:
718:
716:
711:This section
709:
700:
699:
691:
689:
685:
681:
673:
668:
662:
652:
650:
646:
642:
641:Erik Lindberg
638:
632:
622:
620:
619:
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610:
605:
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584:
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531:
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515:
511:
509:
505:
502:
498:
494:
492:
488:
487:
486:
481:
471:
469:
465:
462:appoints the
461:
453:
452:Yitzhak Rabin
449:
445:
444:Yasser Arafat
441:
434:
430:
425:
419:
415:
410:
401:
399:
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387:
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327:
321:
317:
308:
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297:
295:
290:
289:(1901â1904).
288:
284:
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276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
215:
212:
211:Yasser Arafat
208:
201:
188: →
187:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
169:
166:←
165:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
131:
128:
124:
110:
108:First awarded
106:
100:
96:
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85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
42:
37:
32:
26:
22:
5342:Peace awards
5263:Alfred Nobel
4784:by continent
4631:
4585:Nobel Prizes
4541:
4518: /
4514: /
4499: /
4462: /
4414: /
4377: /
4373: /
4349:Barack Obama
4325: /
4310: /
4308:Grameen Bank
4295: /
4271:Shirin Ebadi
4260:Jimmy Carter
4247: /
4233:2001âpresent
4223:Kim Dae-jung
4205: /
4193: /
4181: /
4169: /
4157: /
4153: /
4151:Shimon Peres
4141: /
4067:Desmond Tutu
4049: /
4013: /
3993: /
3962: /
3950: /
3944:
3930:Willy Brandt
3844: /
3802:Georges Pire
3748:LĂ©on Jouhaux
3729:Ralph Bunche
3704: /
3692: /
3682:Cordell Hull
3623:Robert Cecil
3574: /
3539: /
3527: /
3504: /
3470: /
3392:Alfred Fried
3390: /
3388:Tobias Asser
3370: /
3358: /
3346: /
3302: /
3290: /
3288:Henry Dunant
3268:
3060:World Summit
3003:
2909:. Retrieved
2898:
2889:
2879:15 September
2877:. Retrieved
2873:the original
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2840:
2831:
2823:the original
2816:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2761:. Retrieved
2752:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2726:the original
2719:
2709:
2694:
2684:
2669:
2659:
2640:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2592:
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2561:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2531:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2500:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2460:
2449:, retrieved
2440:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2414:the original
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2383:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2349:. Retrieved
2340:
2319:
2313:
2294:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2267:
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2234:
2225:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2192:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2167:AspĂžy, Arild
2161:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2108:. BBC News.
2105:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2072:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2041:
2016:. Retrieved
2007:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1974:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1949:the original
1918:. Retrieved
1914:the original
1904:
1896:the original
1889:
1880:
1870:10 September
1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1803:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1681:
1671:10 September
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1642:10 September
1640:. Retrieved
1636:the original
1622:
1607:
1583:
1571:
1556:
1527:
1517:
1510:
1496:
1488:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1431:. Retrieved
1422:
1412:
1387:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1320:
1310:
1299:, retrieved
1272:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1227:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1183:16 September
1181:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1146:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1092:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1060:
1037:29 September
1035:. Retrieved
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
995:
953:
941:VĂĄclav Havel
918:
917:
896:Barack Obama
892:Jimmy Carter
876:Shimon Peres
864:
855:Barack Obama
825:
811:
807:adding to it
802:
773:
767:
765:
749:
745:
732:
712:
676:
648:
634:
616:
606:
599:
572:
555:
542:Adolf Hitler
538:
534:
503:at the Hague
483:
457:
448:Shimon Peres
418:Oslo, Norway
379:
370:
363:
328:
324:
320:Alfred Nobel
298:
291:
268:
263:
240:Alfred Nobel
236:Nobel Prizes
219:
217:
203:
199:
181:
171:
88:Alfred Nobel
80:Presented by
46:Jimmy Carter
25:
5322:Nobel Prize
5086:Individuals
4788:nationality
4497:Maria Ressa
4464:Nadia Murad
4179:Carlos Belo
4091:Ăscar Arias
4083:Elie Wiesel
4059:Lech WaĆÄsa
4047:Alva Myrdal
4011:Anwar Sadat
3964:Eisaku SatĆ
3897:René Cassin
3690:Emily Balch
3572:Jane Addams
3068:Individuals
2763:12 December
2470:Reuters.com
2297:. Vintage.
2203:12 December
2193:Aftenposten
2171:Aftenposten
1844:9 September
1814:10 November
1208:28 November
923:has listed
786:Acclamation
768:Aftenposten
754:Aftenposten
506:Members of
139:Most awards
97:11 million
54:Awarded for
5311:Categories
5220:Literature
5078:Literature
5061:by subject
5007:ETH Zurich
4973:Venezuelan
4938:Australian
4853:Vietnamese
4731:population
4705:Literature
4688:by subject
4627:Literature
4475:Abiy Ahmed
4360:Liu Xiaobo
4249:Kofi Annan
3946:LĂȘ Äức Thá»
3400:Elihu Root
2911:10 October
2853:13 October
2732:10 October
2116:11 October
2106:BBC online
2018:16 October
1920:13 October
1783:10 October
1462:11 October
1103:29 October
988:References
965:Dalai Lama
902:, and the
900:Abiy Ahmed
884:LĂȘ Äức Thá»
715:unbalanced
688:LĂȘ Äức Thá»
474:Nomination
366:obituaries
351:ballistite
311:Background
287:Parliament
256:Literature
118:1901-12-10
5215:Economics
5210:Chemistry
5166:Economics
5161:Chemistry
5144:Clarivate
5116:by groups
5073:Economics
5068:Chemistry
4968:Brazilian
4963:Argentine
4934:Oceanian
4883:Hungarian
4859:European
4848:Pakistani
4750:Christian
4700:Economics
4695:Chemistry
4661:Laureates
4622:Economics
4617:Chemistry
4203:John Hume
3982:1976â2000
3739:1951â1975
3694:John Mott
3516:1926â1950
3276:1901â1925
3265:Laureates
3064:Nominees
3033:Institute
3023:Committee
3018:Laureates
2611:8 January
2601:0882-7729
2480:28 August
2451:9 October
2420:9 October
2351:9 October
2341:The Times
1987:9 October
1757:7 October
1727:7 October
1697:9 October
1339:6 October
1329:0362-4331
727:talk page
694:Reception
655:Laureates
587:Stockholm
552:Selection
335:chemistry
244:Chemistry
228:Norwegian
94:Reward(s)
5035:Nominees
4948:American
4903:Romanian
4838:Japanese
4823:Filipino
4801:Egyptian
4516:Memorial
2962:(2010):
2905:Archived
2847:Archived
2791:Archived
2757:Archived
2701:Archived
2676:Archived
2649:Archived
2630:Archived
2605:Archived
2572:29 March
2566:Archived
2562:BBC News
2542:29 March
2536:Archived
2511:29 March
2505:Archived
2474:Archived
2445:archived
2394:29 March
2388:Archived
2384:BBC News
2345:Archived
2278:29 March
2272:Archived
2247:29 March
2241:Archived
2197:Archived
2153:25655740
2110:Archived
2079:Archived
2052:29 March
2046:Archived
2012:Archived
2008:TIME.com
1981:Archived
1838:Archived
1808:Archived
1777:Archived
1751:Archived
1691:Archived
1614:Archived
1563:Archived
1534:Archived
1504:Archived
1481:Archived
1456:Archived
1433:12 March
1427:Archived
1369:31 March
1363:Archived
1333:Archived
1295:archived
1240:19 March
1129:29 March
1123:Archived
1097:Archived
1073:29 March
1067:Archived
1031:Archived
1011:29 March
1005:Archived
971:See also
814:May 2024
780:Hitch-22
735:May 2024
618:Storting
581:and the
499:and the
347:dynamite
66:Location
5251:Related
5225:Physics
5171:Physics
5098:Physics
5047:Couples
4953:Mexican
4918:Swedish
4913:Spanish
4908:Russian
4893:Italian
4863:Belgian
4833:Israeli
4818:Chinese
4796:African
4740:Bengali
4715:Physics
4679:by year
4637:Physics
4323:Al Gore
3267:of the
3090:By year
3043:Concert
3027:members
2958:â From
2042:Reuters
1955:20 June
1301:6 April
1062:Fortune
937:U Thant
774:Author
721:Please
713:may be
339:physics
248:Physics
224:Swedish
150:Website
116: (
5154:Female
5122:Peace
5082:Peace
4898:Polish
4873:German
4868:Danish
4843:Korean
4828:Indian
4770:Muslim
4760:Jewish
4755:Female
4610:Prizes
4221:2000:
4213:1999:
4201:1998:
4189:1997:
4177:1996:
4165:1995:
4149:1994:
4137:1993:
4129:1992:
4121:1991:
4113:1990:
4105:1989:
4097:1988:
4089:1987:
4081:1986:
4073:1985:
4065:1984:
4057:1983:
4045:1982:
4037:1981:
4029:1980:
4021:1979:
4009:1978:
4001:1977:
3989:1976:
3970:1975:
3958:1974:
3943:1973:
3868:UNICEF
3840:1963:
3832:1962:
3824:1961:
3816:1960:
3808:1959:
3800:1958:
3792:1957:
3770:1954:
3762:1953:
3754:1952:
3746:1951:
3727:1950:
3719:1949:
3700:1947:
3688:1946:
3680:1945:
3672:1944:
3629:1938:
3621:1937:
3613:1936:
3605:1935:
3597:1934:
3589:1933:
3570:1931:
3562:1930:
3554:1929:
3535:1927:
3523:1926:
3500:1925:
3478:1922:
3466:1921:
3458:1920:
3450:1919:
3435:1917:
3406:1913:
3398:1912:
3386:1911:
3378:1910:
3366:1909:
3354:1908:
3342:1907:
3334:1906:
3326:1905:
3318:1904:
3310:1903:
3298:1902:
3038:Center
2797:8 July
2599:
2369:(1999)
2301:
2151:
2085:30 May
1804:Qz.com
1585:Forbes
1400:
1327:
1287:
1154:
947:, and
390:Sweden
359:Bofors
254:, and
184:
170:
133:(2023)
101:(2023)
74:Norway
5052:Women
4928:Welsh
4923:Swiss
4888:Irish
4878:Greek
4813:Asian
4745:Black
4733:group
4710:Peace
4632:Peace
2149:JSTOR
857:with
625:Medal
382:ruled
331:peace
207:Rabin
59:peace
28:Award
4786:and
4538:2024
4527:2023
4508:2022
4493:2021
4482:2020
4471:2019
4456:2018
4445:2017
4434:2016
4423:2015
4408:2014
4397:2013
4386:2012
4367:2011
4356:2010
4345:2009
4334:2008
4319:2007
4304:2006
4289:2005
4278:2004
4267:2003
4256:2002
4241:2001
3937:1972
3926:1971
3915:1970
3904:1969
3893:1968
3885:1967
3876:1966
3864:1965
3853:1964
3786:1956
3779:1955
3713:1948
3666:1943
3659:1942
3652:1941
3645:1940
3638:1939
3583:1932
3548:1928
3494:1924
3487:1923
3444:1918
3429:1916
3422:1915
3415:1914
3284:1901
3223:2024
3218:2023
3213:2022
3208:2021
3203:2020
3198:2019
3193:2018
3188:2017
3183:2016
3178:2015
3173:2014
3168:2013
3163:2012
3158:2011
3153:2010
3148:2009
3143:2007
3138:2005
3133:1971
3128:1970
3123:1969
3118:1968
3113:1967
3108:1965
3103:1964
3098:1901
2913:2014
2881:2011
2855:2008
2799:2022
2765:2011
2734:2009
2613:2023
2597:ISSN
2574:2024
2544:2024
2513:2024
2482:2012
2453:2009
2422:2009
2396:2024
2353:2021
2299:ISBN
2280:2024
2249:2024
2205:2011
2118:2009
2087:2023
2054:2024
2020:2016
1989:2022
1957:2023
1922:2012
1872:2009
1846:2020
1816:2017
1785:2014
1759:2020
1729:2011
1699:2009
1673:2009
1644:2009
1464:2009
1435:2019
1398:ISBN
1371:2008
1341:2023
1325:ISSN
1303:2023
1285:ISBN
1242:2016
1210:2016
1185:2012
1152:ISBN
1131:2024
1105:2017
1075:2024
1039:2023
1013:2024
878:and
645:dies
573:The
458:The
450:and
431:and
427:The
412:The
349:and
337:and
299:The
226:and
218:The
186:2024
177:2023
168:2022
70:Oslo
5142:by
2966:at
2753:NPR
2141:doi
2137:124
1511:BBC
1277:doi
809:.
595:SEK
416:in
384:in
262:."
145:(3)
99:SEK
5313::
4729:by
4540::
4529::
4510::
4495::
4484::
4473::
4458::
4447::
4436::
4425::
4410::
4399::
4388::
4369::
4358::
4347::
4336::
4321::
4306::
4291::
4280::
4269::
4258::
4243::
3928::
3917::
3906::
3895::
3866::
3855::
3286::
2903:.
2897:.
2845:.
2839:.
2815:.
2789:.
2785:.
2773:^
2755:.
2751:.
2718:.
2699:.
2693:.
2674:.
2668:.
2603:.
2595:.
2591:.
2560:.
2534:.
2530:.
2503:.
2499:.
2468:.
2443:,
2439:,
2382:.
2339:.
2328:^
2270:.
2266:.
2239:.
2233:.
2191:.
2147:.
2135:.
2104:.
2077:.
2071:.
2044:.
2040:.
2028:^
2010:.
2006:.
1979:.
1973:.
1943:.
1930:^
1888:.
1832:.
1802:.
1775:.
1749:.
1745:.
1715:.
1652:^
1630:.
1612:.
1606:.
1594:^
1582:.
1561:.
1555:.
1542:^
1532:.
1526:.
1487:.
1443:^
1425:.
1421:.
1396:.
1394:24
1361:.
1357:.
1331:.
1323:.
1319:.
1293:,
1283:,
1271:,
1226:.
1201:.
1160:.
1095:.
1091:.
1065:.
1059:.
1047:^
943:,
939:,
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