Yasser Arafat - Knowledge

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causes and the agency had no plans to conduct further tests. Unlike the Swiss report, the French and Russian reports were not made public at the time. The Swiss experts read the French and Russian reports and argued that the radiologic data measured by the other teams supported their conclusions of a probable death by polonium poisoning. In March 2015, a French prosecutor closed a 2012 French inquiry, stating that French experts maintained that the polonium and lead traces found were of an environmental nature. Palestinian official Wasel Abu Yousef said of the 2013 report, "The French report is politicized and is contrary to all the evidence which confirms that the president was killed by poisoning", and "This report is an attempt to cover up what happened in Percy hospital."

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poisoning hypothesis by polonium is "reasonably supported", while forensic scientist Dave Barclay, retained by Al Jazeera, stated, "In my opinion, it is absolutely certain that the cause of his illness was polonium poisoning. ... What we have got is the smoking gun – the thing that caused his illness and was given to him with malice." Derek Hill, a professor in radiological science at University College London who was not involved in the investigation, said "I would say it's clearly not overwhelming proof, and there is a risk of contamination (of the samples), but it is a pretty strong signal. ... It seems likely what they're doing is putting a very cautious interpretation of strong data."

10629: 834:. They lived there with their uncle Salim Abul Saud for four years. In 1937, their father recalled them to be taken care of by their older sister, Inam. Arafat had a deteriorating relationship with his father; when he died in 1952, Arafat did not attend the funeral, nor did he visit his father's grave upon his return to Gaza. Arafat's sister Inam stated in an interview with Arafat's biographer, British historian Alan Hart, that Arafat was heavily beaten by his father for going to the Jewish quarter in Cairo and attending religious services. When she asked Arafat why he would not stop going, he responded by saying that he wanted to study Jewish mentality. 553: 2916: 1456:. After the foreign national hostages were taken off the planes and moved away from them, three of the planes were blown up in front of international press, which took photos of the explosion. This tarnished Arafat's image in many western nations, including the United States, who held him responsible for controlling Palestinian factions that belonged to the PLO. Arafat, bowing to pressure from Arab governments, publicly condemned the hijackings and suspended the PFLP from any guerrilla actions for a few weeks. He had taken the same action after the PFLP attacked 1564: 8634: 1343:, Jordan, the site of a major PLO camp. The goal of the invasion was to destroy Karameh camp and capture Yasser Arafat in reprisal for the attacks by the PLO against Israeli civilians, which culminated in an Israeli school bus hitting a mine in the Negev, killing two children. However, plans for the two operations were prepared in 1967, one year before the bus attack. The size of the Israeli forces entering Karameh made the Jordanians assume that Israel was also planning to occupy the eastern bank of the Jordan River, including the 2480:

on Arafat's life by the Israeli Mossad and the Military Directorate in 1970. In 1976, Abu Sa'ed, a Palestinian agent working for the Mossad, was enlisted in a plot to put poison pellets that looked like grains of rice in Arafat's food. Abu Iyad explains that Abu Sa'ed confessed after he received the order to go ahead, explaining that he was unable to go through with the plot because, "He was first of all a Palestinian and his conscience wouldn't let him do it." Arafat claimed in a 1988 interview with

2846: 2087:. Arafat's decision also severed relations with Egypt and many of the oil-producing Arab states that supported the US-led coalition. Many in the US also used Arafat's position as a reason to disregard his claims to being a partner for peace. After the end of hostilities, many Arab states that backed the coalition cut off funds to the PLO and began providing financial support for the organization's rival Hamas and other Islamist groups. Arafat narrowly escaped death again on 7 April 1992, when an 293: 8369: 1885: 544: 3062: 14647: 9003: 3048: 2318: 2157:. The agreement called for the implementation of Palestinian self-rule in portions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip over a five-year period, along with an immediate halt to and gradual removal of Israeli settlements in those areas. The accords called for a Palestinian police force to be formed from local recruits and Palestinians abroad, to patrol areas of self-rule. Authority over the various fields of rule, including education and culture, 1404: 1842: 783: 1637:, a prominent Israeli historian, have stated that Black September was an armed branch of Fatah used for paramilitary operations. According to Abu Daoud's 1999 book, "Arafat was briefed on plans for the Munich hostage-taking." The killings were internationally condemned. In 1973–74, Arafat closed Black September down, ordering the PLO to withdraw from acts of violence outside Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip. 2800: 1729: 2610:(IMF) conducted an audit of the PNA and stated that Arafat had diverted $ 900 million in public funds to a special bank account controlled by himself and the PNA Chief Economic Financial adviser. However, the IMF did not claim that there were any improprieties, and it specifically stated that most of the funds had been used to invest in Palestinian assets, both internally and abroad. 1360:

However, the relatively high casualties were a considerable surprise for the Israel Defense Forces and was stunning to the Israelis. Although the Palestinians were not victorious on their own, King Hussein let the Palestinians take credit. Some have alleged that Arafat himself was on the battlefield, but the details of his involvement are unclear. However, his allies–as well as

3034: 1218:. Although Nasser and his Arab allies had been defeated, Arafat and Fatah could claim a victory, in that the majority of Palestinians, who had up to that time tended to align and sympathize with individual Arab governments, now began to agree that a 'Palestinian' solution to their dilemma was indispensable. Many primarily Palestinian political parties, including 1065:. Arafat had met Abu Iyad while attending Cairo University and Abu Jihad in Gaza. Both would later become Arafat's top aides. Abu Iyad traveled with Arafat to Kuwait in late 1960; Abu Jihad, also working as a teacher, had already been living there since 1959. After settling in Kuwait, Abu Iyad helped Arafat obtain a temporary job as a schoolteacher. 2067:)–and toward the establishment of two separate entities: an Israeli state within the 1949 armistice lines, and an Arab state in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. On 2 April 1989, Arafat was elected by the Central Council of the Palestine National Council, the governing body of the PLO, to be the president of the proclaimed State of Palestine. 2448: 1370:, and Arafat's face appeared on the cover of the 13 December 1968 issue, bringing his image to the world for the first time. Amid the post-war environment, the profiles of Arafat and Fatah were raised by this important turning point, and he came to be regarded as a national hero who dared to confront Israel. With mass applause from the 1127:. Fatah had approximately three hundred members by this time, but none were fighters. In Syria, he managed to recruit members by offering them higher incomes to enable his armed attacks against Israel. Fatah's manpower was incremented further after Arafat decided to offer new recruits much higher salaries than members of the 1515:

from both the PLO and the Jordanian Army, Arafat called for King Hussein to be toppled. Responding to the threat, in June 1971, Hussein ordered his forces to oust all remaining Palestinian fighters in northern Jordan, which they accomplished. Arafat and a number of his forces, including two high-ranking commanders,

2250:. He began subordinating non-governmental organizations that worked in education, health, and social affairs under his authority by replacing their elected leaders and directors with PNA officials loyal to him. He then appointed himself chairman of the Palestinian financial organization that was created by the 2755:

came on 25 October 2004, after he vomited during a staff meeting. His condition deteriorated in the following days. Following visits by other doctors, including teams from Tunisia, Jordan, and Egypt—and agreement by Israel to allow him to travel—Arafat was flown from Ramallah to Jordan by a Jordanian

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In 2004, President Bush dismissed Arafat as a negotiating partner, saying he had "failed as a leader", and accused him of undercutting Abbas when he was prime minister (Abbas resigned the same year he was given the position). Arafat had a mixed relationship with the leaders of other Arab nations. His

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Party) and partly due to insistence for compromise by President Clinton, Barak offered Arafat a Palestinian state in 73 percent of the West Bank and all of the Gaza Strip. The Palestinian percentage of sovereignty would extend to 90 percent over a ten- to twenty-five-year period. Also included in the

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In August 1970, Arafat declared: "Our basic aim is to liberate the land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River. We are not concerned with what took place in June 1967 or in eliminating the consequences of the June war. The Palestinian revolution's basic concern is the uprooting of the Zionist

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In addition, some circles within the US State Department viewed Arafat as an able diplomat and negotiator who could get support from many Arab governments at once. An example of that, we find in March 1973 that Arafat tried to arrange for a meeting between the President of Iraq and the Emir of Kuwait

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But on 26 December 2013, a team of Russian scientists released a report saying they had found no trace of radioactive poisoning—a finding that came after the French report found traces of polonium. Vladimir Uiba, the head of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, said that Arafat died of natural

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The Israeli security Cabinet on 11 September 2003 decided that "Israel will act to remove this obstacle in the manner, at the time, and in the ways that will be decided on separately". Israeli Cabinet members and officials hinted on Arafat's death, the Israeli military had begun making preparations

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Israel attempted to assassinate Arafat on a number of occasions, but has never used its own agents, preferring instead to "turn" Palestinians close to the intended target, usually using blackmail. According to Alan Hart, the Mossad's specialty is poison. According to Abu Iyad, two attempts were made

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In the late 1960s, tensions between Palestinians and the Jordanian government increased greatly; heavily armed Palestinian elements had created a virtual "state within a state" in Jordan, eventually controlling several strategic positions in that country. After their proclaimed victory in the Battle

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divisional commander to withdraw his men and headquarters to the nearby hills, Arafat refused, stating, "We want to convince the world that there are those in the Arab world who will not withdraw or flee." Aburish writes that it was on Arafat's orders that Fatah remained, and that the Jordanian Army

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In the latter part of the 1950s, Arafat co-founded Fatah, a paramilitary organization which sought Israel's replacement with a Palestinian state. Fatah operated within several Arab countries, from where it launched attacks on Israeli targets. In the latter part of the 1960s Arafat's profile grew; in

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published the results of a nine-month investigation, which found that rumors Arafat had died of cancer, cirrhosis, or AIDS were not true, because he was in good health until he fell ill suddenly on 12 October 2004 – but revealed that tests carried out by Swiss experts found traces of

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in 2002—Arafat's commodity monopolies could accurately be seen as gouging his own people, "especially in Gaza which is poorer, which is something that is totally unacceptable and immoral." Fayyad claims that Arafat used $ 20 million from public funds to pay the leadership of the PNA security forces

2633:. The head of the investigation stated that "although the money for the portfolio came from public funds like Palestinian taxes, virtually none of it was used for the Palestinian people; it was all controlled by Arafat. And none of these dealings were made public." An investigation conducted by the 2198:

In accordance with the terms of the Oslo agreement, Arafat was required to implement PLO authority in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. He insisted that financial support was imperative to establishing this authority and needed it to secure the acceptance of the agreements by the Palestinians living in

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and Israel's right "to exist in peace and security" and Arafat's statements were greeted with approval by the US administration, which had long insisted on these statements as a necessary starting point for official discussions between the US and the PLO. These remarks from Arafat indicated a shift

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By 25 September, the Jordanian Army achieved dominance, and two days later Arafat and Hussein agreed to a ceasefire in Amman. The Jordanian Army inflicted heavy casualties on the Palestinians—including civilians—who suffered approximately 3,500 fatalities. After repeated violations of the ceasefire

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Fatah dedicated itself to the liberation of Palestine by an armed struggle carried out by Palestinians themselves. This differed from other Palestinian political and guerrilla organizations, most of which firmly believed in a united Arab response. Arafat's organization never embraced the ideologies

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On 6 November 2013, Al Jazeera reported that the Swiss forensic team had found levels of polonium in Arafat's ribs and pelvis 18 to 36 times the average, even though by this point in time the amount had diminished by a factor of 2 million. François Bochud, the head of the Swiss team, said that the

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commenced attacks towards Israel in order to compete with Hamas. On 6 May 2002, the Israeli government released a report, based in part on documents, allegedly captured during the Israeli raid of Arafat's Ramallah headquarters, which allegedly included copies of papers signed by Arafat authorizing

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were killed in a traffic accident involving an Israeli driver. Rumors spread that the deaths were a deliberate act of revenge for an Israeli shopper who was stabbed to death by a Palestinian in Gaza four days earlier. Mass rioting broke out, and within weeks, partly upon consistent requests by Abu

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to track Arafat's movements in Lebanon to kill him because Sharon saw Arafat as a "Jew murderer" and an important symbol, symbols being as important as body counts in a war against a terrorist organization. The Salt Fish task force orchestrated the bombing of buildings where Arafat and senior PLO

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This was the first time that a senior Hamas official disclosed that some of the Hamas suicide bombings during the second intifada, which erupted 10 years ago, were ordered by Arafat. Until now it was widely believed that Arafat had only ordered his Fatah militiamen to carry out terror attacks on

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policies with Israel. These groups often bombed non-military targets, such as malls and movie theaters, to increase the psychological damage and civilian casualties. In the 1990s, these groups seemed to threaten Arafat's capacity to hold together a unified nationalist organization with a goal of

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of the Israeli army." The Civil War's first phase ended and Arafat—who was commanding Fatah forces at Tel al-Zaatar—narrowly escaped with assistance from Saudi and Kuwaiti diplomats. Towards the end of the siege, the US and European governments brokered an agreement guaranteeing safe passage for

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considered this a growing threat to his kingdom's sovereignty and security, and attempted to disarm the militias. However, in order to avoid a military confrontation with opposition forces, Hussein dismissed several of his anti-PLO cabinet officials, including some of his own family members, and

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document, declassified in 2006, concluded "The Khartoum operation was planned and carried out with the full knowledge and personal approval of Yasser Arafat." Arafat denied any involvement in the operation and insisted it was carried out independently by the Black September Organization. Israel

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by Palestinian forces. The Israelis were repelled at the end of a day's battle, having destroyed most of the Karameh camp and taken around 141 PLO prisoners. Both sides declared victory. On a tactical level, the battle went in Israel's favor and the destruction of the Karameh camp was achieved.

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In accordance with his ideology, Arafat generally refused to accept donations to his organization from major Arab governments, in order to act independently of them. He did not want to alienate them, and sought their undivided support by avoiding ideological alliances. However, to establish the

2305:, the DFLP and other popular opposition movements chose to boycott the presidential elections, the choices were limited. Arafat's landslide victory guaranteed Fatah 51 of the 88 seats in the PLC. After Arafat was elected to the post of President of the PNA, he was often referred to as the 956:. During their marriage, Suha tried to leave Arafat on many occasions, but he forbade it. Suha said she regrets the marriage, and given the choice again would not repeat it. In mid-1995, Arafat's wife Suha gave birth in a Paris hospital to a daughter, named Zahwa after Arafat's mother. 1644:(drawn up by Arafat and his advisers), and proposed a compromise with the Israelis. It called for a Palestinian national authority over every part of "liberated" Palestinian territory, which refers to areas captured by Arab forces in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (present-day West Bank, 2554:. After the wanted men were handed over the siege was lifted. With that, and a promise that he would issue a call to the Palestinians to halt attacks on Israelis, Arafat was released. He issued such a call on 8 May. On 19 September 2002, the IDF largely demolished the compound with 2399:, sovereignty on all Islamic and Christian holy sites, and three of Jerusalem's four Old City quarters. Arafat rejected Barak's offer and refused to make an immediate counter-offer. He told President Clinton that, "the Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is not born yet." 2709:

unit in charge of Israel's numerous targeted killings. Shooting down a commercial airliner in international airspace over very deep water was thought to be preferable to make recovery of the wreckage, and hence investigation, more difficult. Following Israel's 1982 invasion of

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and opposed the US-led coalition attack on Iraq. He made this decision without the consent of other leading members of Fatah and the PLO. Arafat's top aide Abu Iyad vowed to stay neutral and opposed an alliance with Saddam; on 17 January 1991, Abu Iyad was assassinated by the

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Persistent attempts by the Israeli government to identify another Palestinian leader to represent the Palestinian people failed. Arafat was enjoying the support of groups that, given his own history, would normally have been quite wary of dealing with or supporting him.

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in February, the peace process took a steep downfall. Palestinian elections scheduled for January 2002 were postponed—the stated reason was an inability to campaign due to the emergency conditions imposed by the Intifada, as well as IDF incursions and restrictions on

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and tourism, would be transferred to the Palestinian interim government. Both parties agreed also on forming a committee that would establish cooperation and coordination dealing with specific economic sectors, including utilities, industry, trade and communication.

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in Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan as well as by many Palestinian intellectuals and the local leadership of the Palestinian territories. However, the inhabitants of the territories generally accepted the agreements and Arafat's promise for peace and economic well-being.

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support from Arab leaders tended to increase whenever he was pressured by Israel; for example, when Israel declared in 2003 it had made the decision, in principle, to remove him from the Israeli-controlled West Bank. In an interview with the Arabic news network

2309:, (literally president in Arabic), although he spoke of himself as "the general". In 1997, the PLC accused the executive branch of the PNA of financial mismanagement causing the resignation of four members of Arafat's cabinet. Arafat refused to resign his post. 2738:

to a meeting with Arafat in an additional unsuccessful attempt to kill him. In 2001, Sharon as prime minister is believed to have made a commitment to cease attempts to assassinate Arafat. However, following Israel's successful assassination in March 2004 of

10660: 2047:, Arafat suggested that if Israel withdrew a "few kilometers" from parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and transferred responsibility to the UN, Arafat could give "something to show his people before he could acknowledge Israel's right to exist". 1902:

After Israel withdrew from Lebanon, cross-border hostilities between PLO forces and Israel continued, though from August 1981 to May 1982, the PLO adopted an official policy of refraining from responding to provocations. On 6 June 1982, Israel launched

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published a peer-reviewed article by the Swiss experts about the analysis of the 38 samples of Arafat's clothes and belongings and 37 reference samples which were known to be polonium-free, suggesting that Arafat could have died of polonium poisoning.

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of Karameh, Fatah and other Palestinian militias began taking control of civil life in Jordan. They set up roadblocks, publicly humiliated Jordanian police forces, molested women and levied illegal taxes—all of which Arafat either condoned or ignored.

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to the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp by Phalangist forces precipitated the Lebanese Civil War. Arafat was reluctant to respond with force, but many other Fatah and PLO members felt otherwise. For example, the DFLP carried out several attacks against the

1531:, a pro-Palestinian Jordanian cabinet member, and Fahd al-Khomeimi, the Saudi ambassador to Jordan, Arafat managed to enter Syria with nearly two thousand of his fighters. However, due to the hostility of relations between Arafat and Syrian President 2782:). Initially, Arafat's medical records were withheld by senior Palestinian officials, and Arafat's wife refused an autopsy believing that it went against Muslim practices. French doctors also said that Arafat suffered from a blood condition known as 2453: 2452: 2449: 5436: 5540: 2454: 2543:(a leader of al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades) emerged as a possible replacement during the Second Intifada, but Israel had him arrested for allegedly being involved in the killing of twenty-six civilians, and he was sentenced to five life terms. 7316: 2475:

and the other Islamist movements gaining support over Fatah. The complex and fragile web of relations between the US, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab states contributed also to Arafat's longevity as the leader of the Palestinians.

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and his skill as a tactician, given the extremely dangerous nature of politics of the Middle East and the frequency of assassinations. Some commentators believe his survival was largely due to Israel's fear that he could become a

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Under the Oslo Peace Accords, Israel undertook to deposit the VAT tax receipts on goods purchased by Palestinians into the Palestinian treasury. Until 2000, these monies were transferred directly to Arafat's personal accounts at

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accused Arafat and the PNA leadership of failing to adequately investigate abuses by the PSS (including torture and unlawful killings) against political opponents and dissidents as well as the arrests of human rights activists.

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Arafat and his family have always insisted that he was born 4 August 1929. in his mother's family home in Jerusalem. Nevertheless, an Egyptian birth registration exists, suggesting that he was born in Egypt on 24 August

2522:, a Hamas leader in Gaza, stated in September 2010 that Arafat had instructed Hamas to launch what he termed "military operations" against Israel in 2000 when Arafat felt that negotiations with Israel would not succeed. 14726: 1311:, especially after the collective Arab defeat in 1967. The operation was in response to attacks, including rockets strikes from Fatah and other Palestinian militias, within the Israeli-occupied West Bank. According to 1147:

security forces. Several other raids with Fatah's poorly trained and badly-equipped fighters followed this incident. Some were successful, others failed in their missions. Arafat often led these incursions personally.

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Jihad, Arafat attempted to direct the uprising, which lasted until 1992–93. Abu Jihad had previously been assigned the responsibility of the Palestinian territories within the PLO command and, according to biographer

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mourning prayers emitted from mosque loudspeakers throughout the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and tires burned in the streets. The Palestinian Authority and refugee camps in Lebanon declared 40 days of mourning.

6458: 2617:—began examining Arafat's finances. In its conclusions, the team claimed that part of the Palestinian leader's wealth was in a secret portfolio worth close to $ 1 billion, with investments in companies like a 1374:, financial donations increased significantly, and Fatah's weaponry and equipment improved. The group's numbers swelled as many young Arabs, including thousands of non-Palestinians, joined the ranks of Fatah. 983:

did so. However, Arafat dropped Abdel Rahman and Abdel Raouf from his name as well. During the early 1950s, Arafat adopted the name Yasser, and in the early years of Arafat's guerrilla career, he assumed the

1167:, but neither Arafat nor Jibril attended, delegating representatives to attend on their behalf. Urabi was killed during or after the meeting amid disputed circumstances. On the orders of Defense Minister 5432: 811:. Arafat's father battled in the Egyptian courts for 25 years to claim family land in Egypt as part of his inheritance but was unsuccessful. He worked as a textile merchant in Cairo's religiously mixed 5536: 6899: 1838:

to the Christians after a six-month siege in which thousands of Palestinians, mostly civilians, were killed. Arafat and Abu Jihad blamed themselves for not successfully organizing a rescue effort.

2348:. Palestinian-Israeli relations grew even more hostile as a result of continued conflict. Despite the Israel-PLO accord, Netanyahu opposed the idea of Palestinian statehood. In 1998, US President 8097: 7307: 4965: 14821: 2873:, citing security concerns. Israel also feared that his burial would strengthen Palestinian claims to East Jerusalem. Following the Cairo procession, Arafat was "temporarily" buried within the 2294: 7017: 2169:

Prior to signing the accords, Arafat—as Chairman of the PLO and its official representative—signed two letters renouncing violence and officially recognizing Israel. In return, Prime Minister

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Arafat's full name was Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini. Mohammed Abdel Rahman was his first name, Abdel Raouf was his father's name and Arafat his grandfather's.

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stood alone beside Arafat's coffin for about ten minutes in a last show of respect for Arafat, whom he hailed as "a man of courage". The next day, Arafat's body was flown from Paris aboard a

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On 27 November 2012, three teams of international investigators, a French, a Swiss, and a Russian team, collected samples from Arafat's body and the surrounding soil in the mausoleum in

2952:, disagreed with this claim, insisting that Arafat's record indicated that it was highly unlikely that the cause of his death was AIDS. Arafat's personal doctor Ashraf al-Kurdi and aide 1971:

During the 1980s, Arafat received financial assistance from Libya, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, which allowed him to reconstruct the badly damaged PLO. This was particularly useful during the

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for the Palestinian cause if he were assassinated or even arrested by Israel. Others believe that Israel refrained from taking action against Arafat because it feared Arafat less than

3819: 952:, when he was 61 and Suha, 27. Her mother introduced her to him in France, after which she worked as his secretary in Tunis. Prior to their marriage, Arafat adopted fifty Palestinian 1351:, which Israel had captured just 10 months prior, to be used a bargaining chip. Israel assumed that the Jordanian Army would ignore the invasion, but the latter fought alongside the 12572: 12293: 10593: 8978: 11318: 9077: 8711: 1936:. This time Arafat was expelled by a fellow Palestinian working under Hafez al-Assad. Arafat did not return to Lebanon after his second expulsion, though many Fatah fighters did. 7255: 2546:

Arafat was finally allowed to leave his compound on 2 May 2002 after intense negotiations led to a settlement: six PFLP militants, including the organization's secretary-general

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was a response to the PFLP's involvement in masterminding the latter attack. Two days later, various PLO factions retaliated by bombing a bus station, killing eleven civilians.

2450: 1234:, the Islamic Liberation Front and several Syrian-backed groups, virtually crumbled after their sponsor governments' defeat. Barely a week after the defeat, Arafat crossed the 1171:, a close friend of Urabi, Arafat was subsequently arrested, found guilty by a three-man jury and sentenced to death. However, he and his colleagues were pardoned by President 1068:

As Arafat began to develop friendships with Palestinian refugees (some of whom he knew from his Cairo days), he and the others gradually founded the group that became known as

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and other boycotts. Israel responded by confiscating large sums of money in house-to-house raids. As the Intifada came to a close, new armed Palestinian groups—in particular

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permanently, by stating, "Is it his homeland or ours? We were planted here before the Prophet Abraham came, but it looks like they don't understand history or geography."

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by an Israeli hit squad. Arafat had considered Abu Jihad as a PLO counterweight to local Palestinian leadership in the territories, and led a funeral procession for him in

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was the name of his tribe and al-Husseini was that of the clan to which the al-Qudwas belonged. The al-Husseini clan was based in Gaza and is not related to the well-known

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during this period. On 20 January 1996, Arafat was elected president of the PNA, with an overwhelming 88.2 percent majority (the other candidate was charity organizer

14816: 4308: 2054:. Though he had frequently been accused of and associated with terrorism, in speeches on 13 and 14 December Arafat repudiated 'terrorism in all its forms, including 1511:. A ceasefire was agreed upon between the two sides, but Nasser died of a massive heart attack hours after the summit, and the conflict resumed shortly afterward. 1203:

border. In the resulting skirmish, scores of Jordanian security forces were killed and 125 homes razed. This raid was one of several factors that led to the 1967

14796: 10533: 5407: 2960:. A senior Israeli physician concluded that Arafat died from food poisoning. Both Israeli and Palestinian officials have denied claims that Arafat was poisoned. 826:

Arafat's first visit to Jerusalem came when his father, unable to raise seven children alone, sent Yasser and his brother Fathi to their mother's family in the

12484: 11992: 3700: 2661: 1072:. The exact date for the establishment of Fatah is unknown. In 1959, the group's existence was attested to in the pages of a Palestinian nationalist magazine, 8173: 6004:"The Chaos of Corruption, Challenges for the improvement of the Palestinian Society: VI. PA security service, 1. Abuses, torture and infringements of the law" 2786:, although it is inconclusive what brought about the condition. When Arafat's death was announced, the Palestinian people went into a state of mourning, with 2203:—Arafat's usual source for financial backing—still refused to provide him and the PLO with any major donations for siding with Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War. 14831: 12649: 10728: 10586: 3280:(before Yasser Arafat's marriage): "Yasser Arafat is not married, but is called 'Abu 'Ammar' as an inversion of the name of the heroic early Muslim warrior ' 1116:

in 1961). These businessmen and oil workers contributed generously to the Fatah organization. Arafat continued this process in other Arab countries, such as

7343: 2893:—Arafat was reburied on the morning of 13 November at around 3:00 am. On 10 November 2007, prior to the third anniversary of Arafat's death, President 1671:

Also in 1974, the PLO was declared the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" and admitted to full membership of the Arab League at the

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offer was the return of a small number of refugees and compensation for those not allowed to return. Palestinians would also have "custodianship" over

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shortly after the verdict. The incident brought Assad and Arafat to unpleasant terms, which would surface later when Assad became President of Syria.

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In September 2005, an Israeli AIDS expert claimed that Arafat bore all the symptoms of AIDS based on obtained medical records. But others, including

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Because of Lebanon's weak central government, the PLO was able to operate virtually as an independent state. During this time in the 1970s, numerous

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From 1983 to 1993, Arafat based himself in Tunisia, and began to shift his approach from open conflict with the Israelis to negotiation. In 1988, he

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Since Arafat was raised in Cairo, the tradition of dropping the Mohammed or Ahmad portion of one's first name was common; notable Egyptians such as

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In the early 1990s, Arafat and leading Fatah officials engaged the Israeli government in a series of secret talks and negotiations that led to the

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during the conflict). In early 1949, the war was winding down in Israel's favor, and Arafat returned to Cairo due to a lack of logistical support.

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and Gaza Strip). This caused discontent among several of the PLO factions; the PFLP, DFLP and other parties formed a breakaway organization, the

373: 64: 6060: 5466: 3885: 14701: 10327: 10321: 10315: 10302: 10292: 10286: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10240: 7538: 4909: 2975:

polonium in quantities much higher than could occur naturally on Arafat's personal belongings. On 12 October 2013, the British medical journal

2881:; tens of thousands of Palestinians attended the ceremony. Arafat was buried in a stone, rather than wooden, coffin, and Palestinian spokesman 2574:

prepared to serve as a human shield. The compound remained under siege until Arafat's transfer to a French hospital, shortly before his death.

2231: 2059: 584: 3325: 1873:. There they hijacked a bus and sprayed gunfire inside and at passing vehicles, killing thirty-seven civilians. In response, the IDF launched 1687:

Today I have come bearing an olive branch in one hand and a freedom fighter's rifle in another. Do not let the green branch fall from my hand.

1092:

of the major Arab governments of the time, in contrast to other Palestinian factions, which often became satellites of nations such as Egypt,

14696: 14686: 14436: 13883: 12409: 11511: 11244: 10462: 9282: 6339: 4616: 4550: 3496: 2133: 1445: 1316: 1053:(at the time a British protectorate) and was approved, based on his work in civil engineering. There he encountered two Palestinian friends: 8648: 6259: 2277:

Throughout November and December 1995, Arafat toured dozens of Palestinian cities and towns that were evacuated by Israeli forces including

1583:

PLO groups took up arms against Israel, carrying out attacks against civilians as well as military targets within Israel and outside of it.

11095: 10556: 7096: 6029: 6398: 1539:), the Palestinian fighters crossed the border into Lebanon to join PLO forces in that country, where they set up their new headquarters. 1499:, other Arab governments attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution. As part of this effort, Gamal Abdel Nasser led the first emergency 1104:

groundwork for Fatah's future financial support, he enlisted contributions from the many wealthy Palestinians working in Kuwait and other

14711: 10223: 10217: 9491: 6954:

For a general overview of the crucial importance of foreign funding in the peace process, and the PNA's use of such aid, see Rex Brynen,

1865:—occurred on 11 March 1978. A force of nearly a dozen Fatah fighters landed their boats near a major coastal road connecting the city of 8089: 1503:

on 21 September. Arafat's speech drew sympathy from attending Arab leaders. Other heads of state took sides against Hussein, among them

1291:

Throughout 1968, Fatah and other Palestinian armed groups were the target of a major Israeli army operation in the Jordanian village of

1123:

In 1962, Arafat and his closest companions migrated to Syria—a country sharing a border with Israel—which had recently seceded from its

14746: 14391: 13819: 12524: 10548: 10538: 3009: 2603: 12285: 7804: 5133: 1975:

in December 1987, which began as an uprising of Palestinians against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The word

764:

who symbolized the national aspirations of his people, while many Israelis regarded him as a terrorist. Palestinian rivals, including

14801: 14386: 12183: 11799: 10721: 9959: 9802: 2261:(PSS), that became active on 13 May 1994. It was mainly composed of PLA soldiers and foreign Palestinian volunteers. Arafat assigned 1572: 1364:–confirm that he urged his men throughout the battle to hold their ground and continue fighting. The battle was covered in detail by 7852: 7700: 7281: 4485:

Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, The: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History

2246:

or cabinet composed of twenty members. Arafat also replaced and assigned mayors and city councils for major cities such as Gaza and

1932:. Arafat returned to Lebanon a year after his eviction from Beirut, this time establishing himself in the northern Lebanese city of 721:. He engaged in a series of negotiations with the Israeli government to end the conflict between it and the PLO. These included the 14691: 14516: 14446: 14411: 11314: 11146: 11103: 10909: 10543: 10097: 9977: 9514: 8303: 8246: 7071: 3633:

for more information. Some believe also that the Jerusalem birthplace might have been a little known rumor created by the KGB (see

2410:

in January 2001; this time, Ehud Barak pulled out of the talks to campaign in the Israeli elections. In October and December 2001,

1778:

to fight alongside right-wing Christian forces against the PLO and the LNM. The primary components of the Christian front were the

4854: 3470: 2530:

funding for al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades' activities. The report implicated Arafat in the "planning and execution of terror attacks".

1959:, leaving 73 people dead; Arafat had gone out jogging that morning. The following year Arafat had his operational headquarters in 14376: 12699: 12458: 11663: 9603: 9032: 6152: 4679: 2342: 2242:

was published, in three different versions by the PLO. Arafat proceeded with creating a structure for the PNA. He established an

1766:

feared a loss of influence in Lebanon and switched sides. He sent his army, along with the Syrian-backed Palestinian factions of

1695:

throughout his speech, although it did not contain a gun. His speech increased international sympathy for the Palestinian cause.

1656: 1214:

on 5 June 1967. The war ended in an Arab defeat and Israel's occupation of several Arab territories, including the West Bank and

411: 6983: 6488: 5787: 14751: 13888: 12737: 12041: 10638: 9760: 8944: 2783: 908:(GUPS) from 1952 to 1956. During his first year as president of the union, the university was renamed Cairo University after a 823:

was the family home of his mother, Zahwa Abul Saud, who died from a kidney ailment in 1933, when Arafat was four years of age.

612: 5676: 12706: 12158: 10027: 10011: 9907: 8934: 8604: 8555: 8531: 8506: 8483: 8459: 8435: 8413: 8272: 7826: 7784: 7503: 5971: 5844: 5755: 5653: 5368: 5314: 5177: 4949: 4888: 4663: 4600: 4404: 4231: 4193: 4137: 4103: 4075: 4041: 4013: 3529: 3407: 3335: 2637:

reported that Arafat and the PLO held over $ 10 billion in assets even at the time when he was publicly claiming bankruptcy.

905: 659: 14014: 1552: 14791: 14776: 14761: 14736: 14054: 10714: 9871: 7452: 5506: 2114: 686:

and continued its attacks on Israel, resulting in the organization becoming a major target of Israeli invasions during the

7965:

Froidevaux, P.; Baechler, S.; Bailat, C. J.; Castella, V.; Augsburger, M.; Michaud, K.; Mangin, P.; Bochud, F. O. (2013).

757:

has remained the subject of speculation, investigations by Russian and French teams determined no foul play was involved.

14826: 14426: 14371: 10737: 10090: 9951: 9824: 6611: 5986: 5911: 3019: 2411: 2031: 1389:

of the Palestinian Revolutionary Forces two years later, and in 1973, became the head of the PLO's political department.

1355:, opening heavy fire that inflicted losses upon the Israeli forces. This engagement marked the first known deployment of 893:, although he did not join the organization. He took part in combat in the Gaza area (which was the main battleground of 4369: 3452: 2734:

leaders were believed to be staying. Later renamed "Operation Goldfish", Israeli operatives followed Israeli journalist

2550:, wanted by Israel, who had been holed up with Arafat in his compound, would be transferred to international custody in 2018:. The local leadership in some West Bank towns commenced non-violent protests against Israeli occupation by engaging in 14721: 14366: 12548: 11899: 11765: 11178: 10211: 10135: 10003: 9967: 9363: 9277: 9025: 8688: 8151: 7888: 6510: 698: 8067: 7251: 14771: 14756: 14508: 14431: 12730: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12034: 11380: 9887: 9272: 8780: 8639: 8577: 7966: 7397: 6540: 6185: 5274: 4795: 4527: 4493: 4318: 4258: 3181: 3138: 2051: 1660: 1132: 754: 535: 3692: 1084:

which translates into "The Palestinian National Liberation Movement". "Fatah" is also a word that was used in early

14811: 14706: 14296: 14288: 13952: 12589: 10055: 10037: 10019: 6535:

Taylor & Francis Group (2004) Europa World Year Book 2: Kazakhstan-Zimbabwe Published by Taylor & Francis,

4483: 3090: 2822:. A military band played the French and Palestinian national anthems, and a Chopin funeral march. French President 2494:

Arafat's ability to adapt to new tactical and political situations was perhaps tested by the rise of the Hamas and

1599: 1471: 710: 505: 431: 7226: 6455:"The Involvement of Arafat, PA Senior Officials and Apparatuses in Terrorism against Israel- Corruption and Crime" 4248: 2676:

that Arafat used several million dollars of aid money to buy weapons and support militant groups. During Israel's

14836: 14806: 12426: 11174: 10792: 10458: 9663: 9544: 9302: 8956: 8761: 8747: 7339: 5333: 3284:. The idea, presumably, that if Yasser Arafat had a son, he would or should be as heroic as the earlier Ammar ", 2923:

Numerous theories have circulated regarding Arafat's death, with the most prominent being poisoning (possibly by

2515: 2486:

that because of his fear of assassination by the Israelis, he never slept in the same place two nights in a row.

2462:

Arafat's long personal and political survival was taken by most Western commentators as a sign of his mastery of

2235: 2200: 1680: 1105: 14034: 3521:

Eighteen Years in Lebanon and Two Intifadas: The Israeli Defense Force and the U.S. Army Operational Environment

2743:, a founder of the Hamas movement, Sharon stated in April 2004 that "this commitment of mine no longer exists." 1664:

claimed that Arafat was in ultimate control over these organizations and therefore had not abandoned terrorism.

292: 14456: 14218: 13812: 13195: 12086: 10454: 10384: 10378: 10256: 10114: 8862: 8330: 8120: 2885:

said that Arafat would be reburied in East Jerusalem following the establishment of a Palestinian state. After

2215: 2185:

of the PLO allied itself with Islamists in a common opposition against the agreements. It was rejected also by

1460:. The Jordanian government moved to regain control over its territory, and the next day, King Hussein declared 1026: 913: 616: 558: 13609: 11687: 10306: 10163: 9897: 9292: 8973: 7039: 5433:"133 Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa – Tel Aviv Road" 5223: 2838:

there, attended by several heads of states, prime ministers and foreign ministers. Egypt's top Muslim cleric

2566:

for Arafat's possible expulsion in the near future, and many feared for his life. Israeli peace activists of

2064: 1759:, who had a friendly relationship with Arafat and other PLO leaders. Although originally aligned with Fatah, 570: 20: 14024: 14004: 13984: 7366: 4422:"GUERRILLAS BACK AT JORDAN CAMP; Attack by Israelis Failed to Destroy Base at Karameh or Wipe Out Commandos" 3625:

indicate Cairo as Arafat's place of birth, but others list his birthplace as Jerusalem as well as Gaza. See

2173:, on behalf of Israel, officially recognized the PLO. The following year, Arafat and Rabin were awarded the 321: 48: 14766: 14401: 14361: 14351: 13900: 13018: 12381: 10045: 9611: 9328: 9267: 9197: 8990: 8964: 8852: 6933: 6007: 5080: 4282: 2961: 2526: 1996: 1740:

Although hesitant at first to take sides in the conflict, Arafat and Fatah played an important role in the

1587: 1457: 1449: 1378: 1160: 667: 13917: 12530: 5036: 3626: 1979:

in Arabic is literally translated as "tremor"; however, it is generally defined as an uprising or revolt.

14526: 14356: 14346: 13557: 12659: 12518: 12317: 11571: 10250: 9820: 9705: 6759: 6588: 4310:

Fortress Israel: The Inside Story of the Military Elite Who Run the Country—and Why They Can't Make Peace

3842: 3394: 2666: 2607: 2258: 1874: 1760: 687: 463: 7152: 4697: 2648:

and Bill Clinton, stated that Arafat's "walking-around money" financed a vast patronage system known as

14731: 14497: 14490: 14421: 14100: 13862: 12315: 11651: 10852: 10396: 10374: 10310: 6783: 5110: 4655: 3951:

Aburish says the date of Fatah's founding is unclear but claims in 1959 it was exposed by its magazine.

3589: 2768: 2684:

militants. The Palestinians claimed that the counterfeit money was confiscated from criminal elements.

2677: 2511: 1921: 1752: 1745: 1641: 1328: 1269:

took his place and invited Arafat to join the organization. Fatah was allocated 33 of 105 seats of the

1062: 679: 2928: 2207:—a key Fatah negotiator during the negotiations in Oslo—publicly announced that the PLO was bankrupt. 1861:

PLO cross-border raids against Israel grew during the late 1970s. One of the most severe—known as the

772:, frequently denounced him as corrupt or too submissive in his concessions to the Israeli government. 14650: 14451: 14341: 14238: 13927: 13905: 13805: 13289: 12579: 12512: 12082: 10362: 10246: 10193: 10141: 9842: 9536: 9262: 9048: 5458: 5306: 3893: 3634: 2634: 2495: 2239: 2227: 2027: 1484: 1465: 1296: 1223: 1128: 874: 722: 655: 7530: 4129: 2705:

on which he was believed to be traveling. The assassination was initially assigned to Caesarea, the

1385:

stepped down from his chairmanship of the PLO. Arafat was elected chairman on 4 February. He became

13959: 13734: 12564: 12341: 12067: 10571: 10157: 10153: 9943: 9925: 9832: 9726: 9112: 8929: 5959: 5264: 5194: 2971: 2579: 2345: 2158: 1787: 1723: 1698:

Following recognition, Arafat established relationships with a variety of world leaders, including

1434: 1254: 1227: 909: 478: 11523: 11503: 7560: 6349: 5860: 4624: 4566: 1045:" forces there—including Arafat. Arafat originally attempted to obtain a visa to Canada and later 678:'s Jordanian government and in the early 1970s it relocated to Lebanon. There, Fatah assisted the 666:

1967 he joined the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and in 1969 was elected chair of the

14612: 14531: 14316: 12753: 12454: 12371: 12218: 11418: 10424: 10199: 9227: 8523: 6806: 6267: 2839: 2757: 2583: 2243: 1672: 1568: 1500: 1488: 1270: 1196: 718: 10668: 7104: 6243: 6088: 6037: 5947: 5597: 5360: 5353: 5251: 5068: 4999: 4941: 4935: 4841: 4734: 3872: 3755: 2756:

military helicopter and from there to France on a French military plane. He was admitted to the

2356:

detailed the steps to be taken by the Israeli government and PNA to complete the peace process.

1444:

Despite Hussein's intervention, militant actions in Jordan continued. On 15 September 1970, the

1195:, in response to a Fatah-implemented roadside bomb attack which had killed three members of the 1143:, Fatah's armed wing, attempted to infiltrate Israel, but they were intercepted and detained by 14671: 14039: 13239: 13133: 12403: 12133: 12010: 11999: 11980: 11965: 11954: 11943: 11928: 11917: 11906: 11895: 11880: 11869: 11858: 11839: 11828: 11817: 11806: 11791: 11776: 11761: 11750: 11739: 11728: 11713: 11398: 11387: 11376: 11365: 11357: 11348: 11336: 11329: 11325: 11048: 10820: 10816: 10756: 10406: 10402: 9879: 9810: 9794: 9786: 9160: 7776: 6406: 5011: 4167: 3948: 3933: 3740: 3199: 2943: 2910: 2506:

An attack carried out by Hamas militants in March 2002 killed 29 Israeli civilians celebrating

2423:

in the Palestinian territories. In the same month, Sharon ordered Arafat to be confined to his

2380: 2368: 1889: 1835: 1621:, Black September kidnapped and killed eleven Israeli athletes. A number of sources, including 1610:, killing twenty-four civilians. Israel later claimed that the assassination of PFLP spokesman 949: 730: 658:. Following the defeat of Arab forces, Arafat returned to Cairo and served as president of the 515: 488: 359: 7425: 6968: 6325: 6310: 5836: 5169: 5163: 4005: 3680: 2043:

entity from our land and liberating it." However, in early 1976, at a meeting with US Senator

14597: 14331: 14326: 14203: 14183: 13994: 13964: 13108: 12887: 12827: 12811: 12375: 11843: 11475: 11087: 10828: 10502: 10175: 9697: 9353: 9318: 9207: 9150: 8939: 8405: 8372: 6692:"Opinion | Israel and Palestine : The real obstacle to peace is Sharon, not Arafat" 6295: 5760: 4123: 3519: 3380: 3085: 3075: 2889:

discovered that Arafat was buried improperly and in a coffin—which is not in accordance with

2886: 2606:

Chief alleged that Arafat's personal wealth was in the range of US$ 1.3 billion. In 2003 the

2270: 1862: 1231: 863: 846:

and graduated in 1950. At university, he engaged Jews in discussion and read publications by

831: 8725: 8038: 7648: 6664: 5294: 4968:. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. 8 June 1974. Archived from 3970:. Brighton, Portland: Sussex Academic Press (Jaffee Centre for Strategic Studies), pp. 29–30 3725: 2751:

The first reports of Arafat's failing health by his doctors for what his spokesman said was

14681: 14676: 14632: 14602: 14562: 14557: 14461: 14336: 14173: 13600: 13273: 13149: 13080: 13060: 13056: 13042: 12911: 12468: 12197: 11958: 10944: 10864: 10776: 10484: 10390: 10065: 9933: 9768: 9637: 9470: 9413: 9338: 9323: 9212: 8277: 7857: 7745: 7212: 6100: 4905: 3767: 2858: 2424: 2384: 2353: 2095:

during a sandstorm. Two pilots and an engineer were killed; Arafat was bruised and shaken.

1987: 1956: 1916: 1814: 1618: 1607: 1257:

and Arafat was declared by Nasser to be the "leader of the Palestinians." In December 1967

1124: 1042: 886: 867: 815:. Arafat was the second-youngest of seven children and was, along with his younger brother 750: 745:, in 1994. At the time, Fatah's support among the Palestinians declined with the growth of 448: 426: 552: 8: 14622: 13979: 13912: 13772: 12665: 12347: 10764: 10262: 10187: 10169: 10147: 9671: 8983: 8740: 7862: 7708: 6725: 4749: 3847: 2740: 2715: 2701:

Arafat, including attempting to intercept and shoot down private aircraft and commercial

2420: 2388: 2186: 2044: 1675:. Arafat became the first representative of a non-governmental organization to address a 1200: 1076:(Our Palestine, The Call of Life), which was written and edited by Abu Jihad. FaTaH is a 878: 855: 12480: 11655: 11603: 11298: 11036: 7177: 5756:"Yasser Arafat, Speech at UN General Assembly Geneva, General Assembly 13 December 1988" 4341: 3351: 2915: 2019: 1563: 14627: 14607: 14567: 14483: 14466: 14441: 14248: 14059: 14049: 14029: 13999: 13974: 13002: 12978: 12935: 12903: 12607: 12365: 12353: 12141: 12073: 11988: 11910: 11236: 11162: 11079: 10974: 10808: 10800: 10472: 10428: 10296: 9679: 9529: 9368: 9257: 8831: 8825: 8693: 8682: 8633: 8498: 8445: 8002: 7402: 5741: 5670:"Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review" 5562: 4648: 4091: 4067: 3618: 3546: 2957: 2948: 2779: 2722: 2499: 2463: 2338: 2238:. In July, after the PNA was declared the official government of the Palestinians, the 2182: 1952: 1925: 1896: 1741: 1719: 1649: 1580: 1476: 1386: 1211: 1022: 890: 859: 769: 706: 683: 651: 453: 440: 212: 14243: 8449: 7982: 7939: 6156: 3999: 2558:

in order to isolate Arafat. In March 2003, Arafat ceded his post as Prime Minister to

2063:

away from one of the PLO's primary aims—the destruction of Israel (as entailed in the

885:

and the creation of the state of Israel. However, instead of joining the ranks of the

14587: 14278: 14213: 14128: 14108: 13476: 13429: 13421: 13405: 13361: 13337: 13249: 13165: 13141: 13100: 13084: 13034: 13026: 12951: 12879: 12771: 12614: 12536: 12397: 12102: 12093: 11884: 11769: 11587: 11282: 11266: 11228: 11009: 11001: 10880: 10840: 10741: 10706: 10434: 10339: 10129: 9629: 9595: 9348: 9135: 8907: 8672: 8610: 8600: 8583: 8573: 8551: 8527: 8517: 8502: 8479: 8455: 8431: 8409: 7994: 7986: 7780: 7769: 7586: 7477: 7204: 7126: 6699: 6641: 6536: 6480: 6428: 6371: 6209: 6126: 5967: 5840: 5829: 5799: 5649: 5364: 5310: 5270: 5173: 4945: 4884: 4877: 4811: 4791: 4659: 4596: 4558: 4523: 4489: 4400: 4314: 4254: 4227: 4224:

Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993

4199: 4189: 4133: 4099: 4071: 4037: 4029: 4009: 3525: 3403: 3331: 3014: 2953: 2649: 2645: 2555: 2322: 2174: 2142: 2011: 2010:

The most common tactic used by Palestinians during the Intifada was throwing stones,

1949: 1948:, until 1993. In 1985 Arafat narrowly survived an Israeli assassination attempt when 1834:, a Phalangist stronghold where they massacred 684 people and wounded many more. The 1603: 1591: 1480: 1438: 1429: 1344: 1336: 1286: 1085: 901: 894: 734: 675: 401: 10932: 8545: 8473: 8006: 4451:

Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security and Foreign Policy

3630: 1159:, was killed. Urabi had been chairing a meeting to ease tensions between Arafat and 753:

for over two years by the Israeli army, Arafat fell into a coma and died. While the

14521: 14228: 14193: 14163: 14158: 14133: 13942: 13828: 13413: 13353: 13281: 13092: 13068: 13064: 12166: 12003: 11888: 11810: 11595: 11531: 11071: 11028: 10978: 10940: 10522: 10345: 9917: 9744: 9587: 9117: 8969: 8901: 8775: 8541: 8282: 7978: 7917: 7615: 6778: 5795: 5614: 3155: 3149: 3112: 3053: 3039: 2835: 2827: 2819: 2764:, a suburb of Paris. On 3 November, he had lapsed into a gradually deepening coma. 2614: 2547: 2540: 2519: 1933: 1904: 1884: 1733: 1611: 1557: 851: 843: 827: 691: 639: 620: 483: 473: 468: 396: 271: 11432: 10772: 7507: 6956:

A Very Political Economy: Peacebuilding and Foreign Aid in the West Bank and Gaza,

5887:"Israel-PLO Recognition: Exchange of Letters Between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat" 5886: 5765: 5401:

Perhaps 3,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians, died in the siege and its aftermath.

3968:

Fatah and the Politics of Violence: The Institutionalization of a Popular Struggle

1822:. In 1976, an alliance of Christian militias with the backing of the Lebanese and 1523:, were forced into the northern corner of Jordan. They relocated near the town of 14572: 14541: 14536: 14381: 14321: 14268: 14198: 14178: 14153: 14143: 14044: 13922: 13717: 13641: 13565: 13381: 13261: 13253: 13219: 13125: 13117: 13104: 12994: 12943: 12927: 12919: 12851: 12819: 12779: 12693: 12653: 12506: 12359: 12203: 11984: 11851: 11754: 11579: 11467: 11444: 11424: 10997: 10952: 10528: 10181: 9863: 9734: 9645: 9247: 9131: 8924: 8706: 8653: 7672: 7670: 6869: 6344: 5302: 4966:"Political Program Adopted at the 12th Session of the Palestine National Council" 4183: 4179: 3963: 3622: 3435: 3281: 3190: 3067: 2815: 2775: 2672:

Fuad Shubaki, former financial aide to Arafat, told the Israeli security service

2626: 2482: 2403: 2262: 2055: 1908: 1846: 1831: 1795: 1676: 1630: 1508: 1504: 1496: 1398: 1366: 1300: 1058: 1030: 1000:. Although he dropped most of his inherited names, he retained Arafat due to its 989: 917: 749:

and other militant rivals. In late 2004, after effectively being confined within

671: 520: 458: 406: 13088: 12472: 12442: 11220: 7679:"Israeli Mossad poisoned Arafat through his medications, says Bassam Abu Sharif" 7014:"Documents seized during Operation Defensive Shield linking Arafat to Terrorism" 5514: 4061: 3966:

state Fatah's first formal meeting was in October 1959. See Anat N. Kurz (2005)

3497:"Yasser Arafat investigation: Russian probe finds death not caused by radiation" 2525:

Some Israeli government officials opined in 2002 that the armed Fatah sub-group

2439:

supported Sharon's action, claiming that Arafat was "an obstacle to the peace."

1881:. The IDF achieved this goal, and Arafat withdrew PLO forces north into Beirut. 1877:

three days later, with the goal of taking control of Southern Lebanon up to the

1327:(DFLP), to withdraw their forces from the town. Though advised by a sympathetic 14577: 14416: 14311: 14306: 14273: 14263: 14253: 14223: 14148: 14138: 14019: 13947: 13842: 13744: 13707: 13617: 13582: 13528: 13463: 13459: 13397: 13293: 13277: 13178: 13010: 12855: 12843: 12835: 12795: 12476: 12420: 12416: 12393: 12172: 12147: 11973: 11862: 11784: 11717: 11643: 11615: 11611: 11487: 11463: 11391: 11290: 11274: 10924: 10680: 9778: 9752: 9621: 9449: 9444: 9418: 9252: 9007: 8919: 8914: 8733: 6870:"Arafat's Billions: One Man's Quest To Track Down Unaccounted-For Public Funds" 6155:. The State of Israel (Translated from Hebrew). 23 October 1998. Archived from 5719: 5641: 5566: 3995: 3453:"Yasser Arafat: French rule out foul play in former Palestinian leader's death" 2939: 2823: 2630: 2436: 2075: 2074:

in 1990–91, when the Intifada's intensity began to wear down, Arafat supported

1972: 1892: 1783: 1763: 1756: 1699: 1645: 1532: 1412: 1356: 1320: 1258: 1168: 985: 702: 624: 601: 421: 415: 281: 12387: 11563: 11436: 11369: 7667: 6619: 2845: 1238:

in disguise and entered the West Bank, where he set up recruitment centers in

803:, Egypt. His father, Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini, was a Palestinian from 14665: 14582: 14208: 14188: 14075: 13989: 13756: 13691: 13682: 13561: 13547: 13484: 13467: 13389: 13373: 13369: 13345: 13329: 13223: 13211: 13096: 13076: 13072: 13052: 12895: 12871: 12787: 12432: 12191: 12122: 12026: 11932: 11847: 11679: 11667: 11627: 11495: 11306: 11193: 11063: 11013: 10832: 10784: 10695: 10685: 10618: 9987: 9571: 9423: 9192: 8847: 8801: 8701: 8423: 7990: 6703: 5733: 4879:

Striking Back: The 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and Israel's Deadly Response

4562: 4057: 3614: 3277: 2894: 2771:

on 11 November 2004 at the age of 75 of what French doctors called a massive

2559: 2414:

increased and Israeli counter strikes intensified. Following the election of

2298: 2293:, declaring them "liberated". The PNA also gained control of the West Bank's 2266: 2170: 2118: 2092: 2015: 1983: 1870: 1850: 1819: 1806: 1382: 1348: 1335:

In response to persistent PLO raids against Israeli civilian targets, Israel

1266: 1219: 1152: 1113: 980: 847: 738: 154: 142: 110: 90: 12632: 10670:

Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization

8614: 8587: 5537:"92 Press Conference Following Israel Air Force Attack on PLO base in Tunis" 5149:"All Yasser Arafat had in his holster at the UN was a pair of dark glasses." 4519:

Aviation and Airport Security: Terrorism and Safety Concerns, Second Edition

4203: 2218:(PNA)—the provisional entity created by the Oslo Accords. Arafat became the 1944:

Arafat and Fatah's center for operations was based in Tunis, the capital of

1744:. Succumbing to pressure from PLO sub-groups such as the PFLP, DFLP and the 760:

Arafat remains a controversial figure. Palestinians generally view him as a

14727:

Members of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization

14617: 14258: 14118: 14113: 13969: 13895: 13847: 13784: 13699: 13678: 13665: 13657: 13633: 13625: 13508: 13500: 13445: 13313: 13257: 13203: 13182: 13157: 12986: 12863: 12803: 12722: 12675: 12595: 12502: 12116: 11821: 11780: 11743: 11732: 11695: 11623: 11539: 11402: 11201: 11154: 10860: 10760: 10368: 9687: 9465: 9297: 9242: 9155: 8677: 8565: 8469: 8398: 8393: 8090:"Yasser Arafat's remains exhumed for death investigation, Palestinians say" 7998: 7721: 6424: 5824: 5711: 5488: 5290: 5195:"Big Daddy's boy: Idi Amin's son jailed in Britain over Somali gang murder" 4931: 4119: 3959: 3298: 2964: 2866: 2718: 2653: 2582:, Arafat responded to Ariel Sharon's suggestion that he be exiled from the 2415: 2349: 2326: 2178: 2154: 2146: 2138: 2126: 2122: 1992: 1878: 1810: 1802: 1791: 1779: 1775: 1767: 1634: 1416: 1352: 1312: 1235: 1164: 1054: 1049:, but was unsuccessful in both attempts. In 1957, he applied for a visa to 1046: 1001: 816: 787: 742: 726: 643: 510: 12330: 8628: 6192: 5611:

An Analysis of the Strategies and Tactics of the Palestinians and Israelis

4788:

The Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Ettiene Sakr (Abu-Arz)

877:, Arafat left the university and, along with other Arabs, sought to enter 733:. The success of the negotiations in Oslo led to Arafat being awarded the 14233: 14090: 13937: 13932: 13878: 13857: 13729: 13721: 13321: 13285: 13269: 13231: 12542: 12494: 12464: 12448: 12058: 11969: 11936: 11555: 11519: 11483: 11044: 10418: 9579: 9552: 9408: 9202: 8896: 8857: 8818: 7913: 7398:"The Death of Arafat: An Emotion-Driven Flock Storms the Burial Ceremony" 7308:"Yasser Arafat medical records show health was blamed on gastroenteritis" 5693: 4872: 4815: 2882: 2812: 2772: 2698: 2641: 2567: 2407: 2383:

in July 2000. Due partly to his own politics (Barak was from the leftist

2204: 2034:, and internal fighting amongst the Palestinians increased dramatically. 1823: 1536: 1528: 1461: 1204: 1172: 1156: 1136: 1018: 976: 945: 924:; however, he never actually fought. Later that year, at a conference in 921: 812: 234: 95: 12707:

Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture

9017: 5889:. U.S. State Department Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. 3 September 1993 3061: 1841: 782: 543: 14168: 14085: 14080: 14009: 13776: 13596: 13520: 13437: 13265: 13186: 12959: 12498: 12488: 11947: 11832: 11721: 10872: 10205: 9126: 8668: 8659: 6895: 6255: 6006:. The Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group (PHRMG). Archived from 5989: 5628:

A Matter of Justice: Tax Resistance in Beit Sahour-Nonviolent Sanctions

5159: 4397:

Once an Arafat Man: The True Story of How a PLO Sniper Found a New Life

3232:

Muḥammad Yāsir ʿAbd ar-Raḥman ʿAbd ar-Raʾūf ʿArafāt al-Qudwa al-Ḥusaynī

2977: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2657: 2613:

However, in 2003, a team of American accountants—hired by Arafat's own

2596: 2376: 2364: 2330: 2317: 2251: 2162: 2105:

Palestinian views on the peace process § Yasser Arafat and the PLO

2088: 2000: 1371: 1253:

At the same time, Nasser contacted Arafat through the former's adviser

1215: 1077: 1034: 969: 266: 5337: 4457: 3812:"Arafat's widow tried to leave Palestinian leader 'hundreds of times'" 2254:

to control most aid money towards helping the new Palestinian entity.

600:(4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his 13852: 13764: 13752: 13512: 12643: 11675: 11166: 10333: 9237: 9187: 2898: 2870: 2854: 2850: 2787: 2752: 2618: 2286: 2211: 2084: 1920:

Arafat and the PLO—guarded by a multinational force of eight hundred

1749: 1683:. In his United Nations address, Arafat condemned Zionism, but said: 1622: 1520: 1274: 1243: 1188: 1140: 1038: 820: 804: 714: 10601: 8572:(Rev. and updated ed.). New York: Continuum. pp. 166–171. 8224:"Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat was murdered with polonium: widow" 7620:"Arafat's doctor: There was HIV in his blood, but poison killed him" 7619: 5698:

20:21 Vision: Twentieth-Century Lessons for the Twenty-First Century

5297:

The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians

4937:

Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001

4686:. 6 February 1969. p. 9 – via Google News Archive Search. 4481: 3957:. McKay, p.58; Schiff and Rothstein claim Fatah was founded in 1959. 1728: 1655:

Israel and the US have alleged also that Arafat was involved in the

14592: 14301: 13797: 13574: 13492: 13174: 12671: 8872: 8867: 8043: 7943: 7590: 7481: 7130: 6484: 6432: 6375: 6213: 6130: 6104: 6034:

Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs

5915: 5791: 5570: 5462: 4125:

Six Days of War, June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East

3771: 3214: 2986: 2932: 2924: 2878: 2804: 2702: 2673: 2622: 2507: 2428: 2282: 2071: 2004: 1982:

The first stage of the Intifada began following an incident at the

1703: 1516: 1448:(part of the PLO) hijacked four planes and landed three of them at 1403: 1250:, and began attracting both fighters and financiers for his cause. 993: 929: 765: 6338:

Prager, Karsten; Murray J. Gart; Yasser Arafat (7 November 1988).

13725: 13649: 12554: 11795: 10412: 9403: 9358: 9333: 8335: 8125: 6337: 4650:

The Palestine Liberation Organisation: People, Power and Politics

3693:"Yasser Arafat: Homeland a dream for Palestinian Authority Chief" 2874: 2761: 2711: 2551: 2489: 2396: 2290: 1960: 1945: 1692: 1340: 1292: 1192: 1144: 882: 497: 201: 7964: 6690:

Shlaim, Avi; Tribune, International Herald (24 September 2003).

12687: 11340: 9393: 9388: 9145: 9140: 8877: 8720: 8663: 8643: 8383: 3402:. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 269–272. 2989:, to carry out an investigation independently from each other. 2890: 2706: 2681: 2571: 2510:, including many senior citizens. In response, Israel launched 2468: 2432: 2247: 2098: 2079: 2030:(PIJ)—began targeting Israeli civilians with the new tactic of 1827: 1772:

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command

1707: 1595: 1524: 1361: 1304: 1247: 1239: 1210:

The Six-Day war began when Israel launched air strikes against

1184: 1050: 997: 953: 933: 925: 761: 647: 14822:

Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class

5561:

Middle East International No 289, 5 December 1986; Publishers

3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3400:

Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: A–C

3118: 2967:

ruled out poisoning after talks with Arafat's French doctors.

2818:

held a brief ceremony for Arafat, with his coffin draped in a

2799: 2721:

created a special task force code named "Salt Fish" headed by

2692: 1999:. On 16 April 1988, as the Intifada was raging, Abu Jihad was 1911:

and bombarded by the IDF; Arafat declared the city to be the "

1659:, in which five diplomats and five others were killed. A 1973 1183:

On 13 November 1966, Israel launched a major raid against the

932:–different from the fishnet-patterned one he adopted later in 14396: 9428: 9398: 9343: 9232: 9222: 9164: 9121: 8757: 8755: 6900:"MI chief: terror groups trying hard to pull off mega-attack" 6235: 6233: 6231: 4063:

Behind the Myth: Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution

3548:

Palestinian Politics after Arafat: A Failed National Movement

3220:

Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini

3170: 2831: 2472: 2391: 2302: 2278: 2023: 1929: 1912: 1866: 1854: 1479:(center) mediating an agreement between Arafat and Jordanian 1453: 1420: 1117: 1109: 1097: 1069: 965: 808: 800: 746: 638:, Egypt, where he spent most of his youth. He studied at the 635: 628: 222: 174:

Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini

7040:"Israel Claims Finding Evidence Against Arafat – 2002-04-03" 6930:"Arafat Diverted $ 900 Million to Private Account, IMF Says" 3161: 2458:

Footage of Arafat speaking and meeting international leaders

2193: 354: 13592: 12681: 3655: 3613:

Not certain; Disputed; Most sources including Tony Walker,

3555: 3164: 3121: 1308: 1093: 11548:

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

7280:

Erlanger, Steven; Altman, Lawrence K. (8 September 2005).

6228: 3564:"Palestinians May Exhume Arafat After Report of Poisoning" 2375:

Arafat continued negotiations with Netanyahu's successor,

1809:. His death from his wounds, the following month, and the 1713: 1464:. On the same day, Arafat became supreme commander of the 8475:

Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest

7967:"Improving forensic investigation for polonium poisoning" 7725: 6834:"Bush dismisses Arafat as Partner, Pushes for New Leader" 5867:. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 4 May 1994 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3696: 3127: 2257:

Arafat established a Palestinian police force, named the

1813:

of 27 Palestinians and Lebanese travelling on a bus from

1586:

Two major incidents occurred in 1972. The Fatah subgroup

364: 12633:

Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

8331:"Arafat did not die of poisoning, French tests conclude" 8166: 7252:"Palestinians may exhume Yasser Arafat's body for tests" 7232:. French Republic Ministry for Defence. 18 November 2004 6969:"Backgrounder: Corruption in the PLO's Financial Empire" 6061:"Obituary: Yasir Arafat, Palestinian Leader, Dies at 75" 5539:. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1 November 1985. 4833: 4831: 4829: 4394: 4128:. New York: The Random House Publishing Group. pp. 2050:

On 15 November 1988, the PLO proclaimed the independent

1995:, had "impressive knowledge of local conditions" in the 8570:

The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East

7453:"Arafat Dies at 75; No Successor Set; West Bank Burial" 2842:

led mourning prayers preceding the funeral procession.

1556:

Yasser Arafat visits East Germany in 1971; background:

12331:

Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

10736: 8515: 7531:"Grave site for Arafat is another point of contention" 5012:"The Seizure of the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Khartoum" 4146: 4028: 3908: 1830:. The PLO and LNM retaliated by attacking the town of 1437:. Arafat refused, citing his belief in the need for a 1295:, where the Fatah headquarters—as well as a mid-sized 670:(PNC). Fatah's growing presence in Jordan resulted in 12650:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

12427:

United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia

9085: 7940:"Yasser Arafat: Palestinians call for poison inquiry" 7932: 7801:"Arafat's Widow Alleges 'Criminal Scheme' over Death" 7771:

Presidential leadership, illness, and decision making

7701:"Arafat's aide: New information on president's death" 7016:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 April 2002. 6457:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The State of Israel. 6399:"Arafat ordered Hamas attacks against Israel in 2000" 5819: 5817: 5435:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 March 1978. 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 4826: 4274: 3489: 3182: 3167: 3139: 3124: 1748:(PLF), Arafat aligned the PLO with the Communist and 11874:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

8247:"Arafat's body loaded with polonium, say scientists" 8174:"Swiss Team: Arafat Poisoned to Death With Polonium" 7827:"Palestinians head to Paris to probe Arafat's death" 7451:

Bennet, James; Erlanger, Steven (11 November 2004).

6555:"Arafat Remains Defiant Amid Rubble of His Compound" 5397:

Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions

5355:

Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions

4790:. London, Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass. p. 20. 4482:

Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Roberts (12 May 2005).

4399:. Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. pp. 4–6. 3445: 3252: 3230: 3224:محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني 3204: 3173: 3130: 3029: 2904: 642:. While a student, he embraced Arab nationalist and 631:

political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004.

8594: 8121:"Samples taken from Arafat corpse for poison tests" 7610: 7608: 7506:. Associated Press. 7 November 2004. Archived from 6932:. Bloomberg News. 20 September 2003. Archived from 6180: 6178: 6176: 6174: 5336:. The Lebanese-American Association. Archived from 4855:"2 Who Share a Past Are Rivals for Israel's Future" 3158: 3115: 2865:Israel refused Arafat's wish to be buried near the 2091:aircraft he was a passenger on crash-landed in the 807:, whose mother, Yasser's paternal grandmother, was 786:Arafat (right) with his sister Khadija and brother 19:"Yasir Arafat" redirects here. For other uses, see 14407:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 8568:(2002). "Arafat, Yasser". In Avraham, Sela (ed.). 8397: 8150:Poort, David; Silverstein, Ken (6 November 2013). 8145: 8143: 7882: 7880: 7768: 7306: 7072:"How Arafat Eluded Israel's Assassination Machine" 6340:"Interview: with Yasser Arafat: Knowing the Enemy" 5861:"Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area" 5828: 5814: 5352: 5230: 4876: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4647: 4442: 3393: 2931:-related illnesses, as well as liver disease or a 2901:for Arafat near his tomb in commemoration of him. 900:After returning to the university, Arafat studied 12602:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 11922:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons 10112: 8422: 8304:"Arafat was not poisoned, French prosecutor says" 7340:"New Arafat medical file released in death probe" 7127:"Arafat's funeral held in Cairo: Mystery illness" 6581:"Israeli siege of Arafat 'is killing peace hope'" 5630:, Albert Einstein Institution, Spring–Summer 1992 5573:pp.10-11; No 291, 9 January 1987; Jim Muir pp.3-4 4590: 4453:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 244–246. 4056: 3590:"A Dreamer Who Forced His Cause Onto World Stage" 3081:List of international trips made by Yasser Arafat 2956:maintained that Arafat was poisoned, possibly by 2352:persuaded the two leaders to meet. The resulting 1801:In February 1975, a pro-Palestinian Lebanese MP, 850:and other prominent Zionists. By 1946, he was an 713:. In 1994, he returned to Palestine, settling in 609:chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization 382:Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization 120:Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization 14817:Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority 14663: 10603:Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority 8273:"Russia: Arafat's death not caused by radiation" 8149: 7605: 7299: 6171: 5906: 5904: 5835:. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc. pp. 5060: 5058: 3561: 3471:"France drops investigation into Arafat's death" 2240:Basic Laws of the Palestinian National Authority 1409:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 1325:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 854:and began procuring weapons to be smuggled into 8201:"Q&A: Francois Bochud on the Arafat report" 8152:"Swiss study: Polonium found in Arafat's bones" 8140: 7877: 7528: 7282:"Medical records say Arafat died from a stroke" 7065: 7063: 7061: 5710: 5081:"'Arafat's "Mediation" Between Iraq and Kuwait" 4719: 4343:الذكرى الثالثة والأربعون لمعركة الكرامة الخالدة 3440:President of the Palestinian National Authority 2849:Honour guard at attention over Yasser Arafat's 2644:, former Middle East negotiator for Presidents 2412:suicide bombings by Palestinian militant groups 1706:. Arafat was Amin's best man at his wedding in 1527:, near the border with Syria. With the help of 374:President of the Palestinian National Authority 65:President of the Palestinian National Authority 12056: 8540: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8026: 7450: 7279: 6642:"Excerpts: Israeli security cabinet statement" 5939: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5334:"The Civil War... 1975, Regional Intervention" 4991: 4989: 4987: 4822:. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. 4752:. Armed Conflict Events Data. 16 December 2000 4680:"A Fatah Chief To Lead Palestinian Liberation" 4515: 3721: 2490:Relations with Hamas and other militant groups 1507:, who mocked him and his schizophrenic father 1332:agreed to back them if heavy fighting ensued. 14437:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 13884:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 13813: 12738: 12410:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 12301: 12042: 11512:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 11245:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 10722: 10654: 10587: 10098: 9499: 9071: 9033: 8741: 7889:"Arafat's widow calls for body to be exhumed" 7642: 7640: 6689: 6429:"Palestinian Authority funds go to militants" 5912:"1994: Israelis and Arafat share peace prize" 5901: 5131: 5107:"PLENARY MEETING Wednesday, 13 November 1974" 5055: 3786: 2431:, following an attack in the Israeli city of 1317:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 1178: 607:, was a Palestinian political leader. He was 578: 14832:Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents 12752: 7058: 6958:United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000 6863: 6861: 6859: 5168:. New York, New York: Basic Books. pp. 5152: 5037:"William Rogers to the Embassy at Fort Lamy" 4775:(in Arabic). Dar al-Hayan. pp. 175–181. 3892:. Facts on File; 1st edition. Archived from 2697:The Israeli government tried for decades to 2099:Palestinian Authority and peace negotiations 1392: 1381:(PNC) convened in Cairo on 3 February 1969, 1061:("Abu Jihad"), both official members of the 8516:Rubin, Barry M.; Judith Colp Rubin (2003). 8492: 8023: 7337: 7205:"Arafat: If he is "brain-dead," he is dead" 7120: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7089: 6603: 6287: 6285: 5930: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5459:"Time Line: Lebanon: Israel Controls South" 5405:This source states that 2,000 were killed: 5377: 4984: 4595:. Reader's Digest Association. p. 80. 4246: 3843:"Suha Arafat: I wish I'd never married him" 3323: 2693:Unsuccessful Israeli assassination attempts 2570:, Knesset members and others went into the 1826:armies besieged Tel al-Zaatar camp in east 1273:while 57 seats were left for several other 646:ideas. Opposed to the 1948 creation of the 14797:People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 13820: 13806: 12745: 12731: 12525:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 12308: 12294: 12049: 12035: 10729: 10715: 10661: 10647: 10594: 10580: 10557:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement 10105: 10091: 9506: 9492: 9078: 9064: 9040: 9026: 8748: 8734: 8632: 8270: 8068:"Yasser Arafat's body exhumed in Ramallah" 7760: 7637: 7614: 6752:"Mid-East 'On Edge of Abyss': Arafat Aide" 6396: 6210:"Mid-East press reflects on Arafat legacy" 6191:. PASSIA. 11 December 2004. Archived from 4543: 4477: 4475: 4413: 4370:"1968: Karameh and the Palestinian revolt" 4098:. Sidgwick and Jackson. pp. 204–205. 3886:"Biography of Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad)" 3587: 3581: 3524:. Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 53. 3010:Martyr Yasser Arafat Governmental Hospital 2640:Although Arafat lived a modest lifestyle, 2533: 2181:. The Palestinian reaction was mixed. The 1939: 1542: 634:Arafat was born to Palestinian parents in 619:(PNA) from 1994 to 2004. Ideologically an 585: 571: 132:4 February 1969 – 29 October 2004 47: 14742:Palestine Liberation Organization members 11800:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 10267:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242 10241:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194 9047: 8454:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 8376:interview with John and Janet Wallach on 8271:Isachenkov, Vladimir (26 December 2013). 8065: 7908: 7906: 7886: 7853:"Family: Platelet disorder killed Arafat" 7766: 7646: 7331: 6867: 6856: 6552: 6315: 6300: 5966:. HarperCollins Publishing. p. 479. 5608: 4744: 4742: 4617:"The Guerrilla Threat In the Middle East" 4591:Livingstone, Neil; Halevy, David (1990). 4362: 4217: 4215: 4213: 2767:Arafat was pronounced dead at 03:30 2498:organizations, Islamist groups espousing 2402:After the September 2000 outbreak of the 2312: 2194:Establishing authority in the territories 1955:bombed his Tunis headquarters as part of 1805:, was shot and killed, reportedly by the 1573:Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party 1131:(PLA), the regular military force of the 14517:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 14447:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 14412:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 13681:/ Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / 11315:International Committee of the Red Cross 11147:International Committee of the Red Cross 11104:Nansen International Office for Refugees 10910:International Committee of the Red Cross 8710:) is being considered for deletion. See 7740: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7676: 7504:"Israel Plans for Arafat Burial in Gaza" 7202: 7111: 6893: 6832:Hillman, G. Robert (19 September 2003). 6774:"Israel's SAS prepares to snatch Arafat" 6511:"Arafat siege to end as handover agreed" 6397:Abu Toameh, Khaled (29 September 2010). 6282: 6001: 5732: 5576: 5262: 3806: 3804: 3551:. Indiana University Press. p. 259. 2914: 2844: 2798: 2514:, a major military offensive into major 2446: 2358: 2316: 2132: 2113: 1986:where four Palestinian residents of the 1907:to expel the PLO from southern Lebanon. 1883: 1840: 1732:Arafat in a Palestinian refugee camp in 1727: 1562: 1551: 1470: 1452:, located 30 miles (48 km) east of 1402: 1155:when a Palestinian Syrian Army officer, 1082:Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini 988:of Abu Ammar. Both names are related to 781: 14392:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 14377:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 12700:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative 12459:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity 11664:International Campaign to Ban Landmines 9604:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 8392: 8118: 7275: 7273: 7069: 6831: 6609: 6578: 6572: 6239: 6084: 6022: 5943: 5640: 5593: 5487: 5289: 5283: 5247: 5192: 5064: 4995: 4861:. pp. Section A, Page 3, Column 1. 4837: 4730: 4698:"Fatah Wins Control of Palestine Group" 4472: 4178: 4163: 3953:Zeev Schiff, Raphael Rothstein (1972). 3944: 3929: 3868: 3751: 3736: 3676: 3327:The A to Z of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1714:Fatah involvement in Lebanese Civil War 1657:1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations 1547: 1347:, to create a situation similar to the 1303:word for 'dignity', which elevated its 412:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 77:5 July 1994 – 11 November 2004 14787:Palestinian people of Egyptian descent 14782:Palestinian people imprisoned by Syria 14717:Collars of the Order of the White Lion 14664: 14387:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 10549:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement 10539:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement 8328: 8221: 8039:"Yasser Arafat, la valse des isotopes" 7903: 7775:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7395: 7364: 7150: 6553:Schmemann, Serge (22 September 2002). 6058: 5992:26 July 2006. Accessed on17 June 2024. 5958: 5823: 5692: 5350: 5344: 5328: 5326: 5266:Middle East Perspectives: From Lebanon 5083:. US Embassy in Beirut. 4 April 1973. 5017:. U.S. Department of State. 4 May 2006 4930: 4903: 4852: 4764: 4739: 4645: 4350:(in Arabic). Ammon News. 20 March 2011 4221: 4210: 4036:. Time Warner Paperbacks. p. 33. 3994: 3938: 3883: 3646: 3544: 3438:word for both titles is the same. See 3285: 3213: 2784:disseminated intravascular coagulation 2037: 1299:—were located. The town's name is the 1139:in 1964. On 31 December, a squad from 794: 717:and promoting self-governance for the 627:, Arafat was a founding member of the 14702:Arab people in the State of Palestine 13801: 12726: 12688:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education 12631: 12329: 12289: 12030: 10710: 10642: 10575: 10086: 9513: 9487: 9059: 9021: 8935:2006 Palestinian legislative election 8729: 8649:"A Life in Retrospect: Yasser Arafat" 8595:Wallach, Janet; John Wallach (1990). 8468: 8198: 8100:from the original on 27 November 2012 8066:Carlstrom, Gregg (27 November 2013). 7731: 7649:"Yasser Arafat a-t-il été assassiné?" 7377:from the original on 22 December 2017 7124: 6887: 6868:McDermott, Tricia (7 November 2003). 6804: 6723: 6662: 6579:Huggler, Justin (28 September 2002). 6461:from the original on 21 November 2014 6452: 6423: 6260:"A Life in Retrospect: Yasser Arafat" 6254: 5383: 5359:. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 5087:from the original on 13 November 2011 5043:from the original on 13 November 2011 4871: 4785: 4750:"Black September in Jordan 1970–1971" 4419: 4306: 3840: 3801: 3703:from the original on 18 November 2001 3651:. 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Archived from 6758:. 11 September 2003. Archived from 6127:"Hardliners Gain Around Likud Vote" 6059:Miller, Judith (10 November 2004). 5439:from the original on 15 August 2004 5408:"Lebanese war chronology 1975-1990" 5323: 4904:Berger, Robert (5 September 2002). 4770: 4516:Kathleen Sweet (23 December 2008). 4395:Saada, Tass; Merrill, Dean (2008). 4066:. Interlink Pub Group Inc. p. 3982:Abu Iyad, Unknown Pages of his Life 3979: 3324:Kumaraswamy, P. R. 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(2003). 5543:from the original on 11 March 2007 5394: 5132:Nichols, Mark (17 December 1977). 4623:. 13 December 1968. Archived from 4463: 4420:Brady, Thomas F. (23 March 1968). 3955:Fedayeen; Guerillas Against Israel 3841:Winer, Stuart (10 February 2013). 2060:UN Security Council Resolution 242 936:, which was to become his emblem. 16:President of Palestine (1989–2004) 14: 14848: 14747:Palestine Liberation Organization 14432:Palestine Liberation Organization 12561:Manhiça Centre of Health Research 11381:International Labour Organization 8781:Palestine Liberation Organization 8714:to help reach a consensus. › 8691:collected news and commentary at 8680:collected news and commentary at 8622: 8400:Arafat: From Defender to Dictator 7861:. 11 October 2011. Archived from 7707:. 10 January 2011. 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Archived from 3291: 2905:Theories about the cause of death 2746: 2387:, whereas Netanyahu was from the 2226:of the PNA, the Commander of the 1966: 1661:United States Department of State 1629:), one of the masterminds of the 1133:Palestine Liberation Organization 14802:People of the Lebanese Civil War 14646: 14645: 14372:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 14055:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 12590:National Transplant Organization 10627: 10463:Agreement on Movement and Access 9002: 9001: 8367: 8329:Taylor, Paul (3 December 2013). 8322: 8296: 8264: 8245:Tait, Robert (8 November 2013). 8238: 8222:Taylor, Paul (7 November 2013). 8215: 8199:Poort, David (8 November 2013). 8192: 8112: 8082: 8059: 7958: 7887:Carlstrom, Gregg (4 July 2012). 7845: 7819: 7793: 7715: 7693: 7651:[Was Arafat murdered?]. 7579: 7553: 7522: 7496: 7470: 7444: 7424:Left, Sarah (11 November 2004). 7417: 7389: 7358: 7258:from the original on 4 July 2012 7244: 7219: 7196: 7178:"Frail Arafat arrives in France" 7170: 7144: 7032: 7006: 6975: 6961: 6948: 6922: 6825: 6798: 6766: 6744: 6717: 6683: 6656: 6634: 6546: 6529: 6503: 6473: 6446: 6417: 6390: 6364: 6331: 6248: 6202: 6145: 6119: 6093: 6078: 6052: 6002:Forgione, Fabio (October 2004). 5995: 5987:Constitution of Palestine (1994) 5980: 5952: 5879: 5853: 5780: 5748: 5109:. United Nations. Archived from 4188:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. 4004:. Frank Crass & Co. p. 3890:Encyclopedia of the Palestinians 3562:Kershner, Isabel (4 July 2012). 3154: 3111: 3060: 3046: 3032: 2406:, negotiations continued at the 2321:Arafat with PNA cabinet members 1600:Ben Gurion International Airport 1535:(who had since ousted President 1433:invited Arafat to become Deputy 1135:(PLO), which was created by the 1007: 939: 842:In 1944, Arafat enrolled in the 551: 542: 320: 291: 14692:20th-century presidents in Asia 14015:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 12573:Kintampo Health Research Centre 11580:Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama) 10793:Institut de Droit International 10497:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 10491:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 10459:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 9664:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 9545:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency 9303:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 8979:Palestinian Mujahideen Movement 7914:"Arafat's doctor wants autopsy" 7677:Bannoura, Saed (20 July 2009). 5726: 5704: 5686: 5662: 5634: 5620: 5602: 5555: 5529: 5499: 5481: 5451: 5425: 5388: 5256: 5222:. 14 April 2003. Archived from 5212: 5186: 5125: 5099: 5073: 5029: 5004: 4958: 4924: 4897: 4865: 4846: 4804: 4779: 4690: 4672: 4639: 4609: 4584: 4509: 4388: 4334: 4300: 4240: 4172: 4112: 4084: 4050: 4022: 3988: 3973: 3877: 3862: 3834: 3745: 3730: 3715: 3685: 3640: 3538: 3511: 3463: 3330:. Scarecrow Press. p. 26. 2660:official whom Arafat appointed 2201:Arab states of the Persian Gulf 2109: 1151:Arafat was detained in Syria's 1106:Arab states of the Persian Gulf 904:and served as president of the 243: 14457:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 14219:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 12610:for the Advancement of Science 10136:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 9952:Palestinian militancy campaign 8974:Al-Mustaqbal (electoral list)‎ 8863:Fatah Special Operations Group 7151:Melman, Yossi (14 July 2011). 7101:Palestine: The Mystery Country 6665:"New Palestinian Cabinet OK'd" 5220:"Biographical Focus: Idi Amin" 3518:Creed, Richard D. Jr. (2014). 3420: 3385: 3370: 3344: 3317: 3271: 3238: 3103: 2216:Palestinian National Authority 2214:, which was controlled by the 1640:In 1974, the PNC approved the 1323:'s breakaway organization the 1027:United Nations Emergency Force 889:, Arafat fought alongside the 617:Palestinian National Authority 1: 14752:Palestinian Arab nationalists 12320:for International Cooperation 11319:League of Red Cross Societies 10845:Paul Estournelles de Constant 10224:American trusteeship proposal 9293:Popular Resistance Committees 8699: 8599:. Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart. 8451:Arafat, a political biography 7983:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61834-6 7426:"Arafat begins final journey" 6101:"Profile: Binyamin Netanyahu" 5831:Palestine Peace Not Apartheid 5507:"The Battle of Tel al-Zaatar" 3264: 3091:Arafat's Johannesburg Address 2803:Arafat's "temporary" tomb in 2604:Israeli Military Intelligence 2065:Palestinian National Covenant 1845:Arafat with Palestinian poet 1598:and forced it to land at the 1441:with Palestinian leadership. 777: 21:Yasir Arafat (disambiguation) 14402:Federation of Arab Republics 14362:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 14352:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 13953:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 13901:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 8991:Palestinian Freedom Movement 8853:Black September Organization 7748:. BBC News. 8 September 2005 7338:Laub, Karin (12 July 2012). 7153:"What killed Yasser Arafat?" 6982:Katz, Yaakov (17 May 2006). 6030:"Palestine Facts: 1994–1995" 5675:. 4 May 2006. Archived from 5263:Mardelli, Bassil A. (2012). 4906:"Munich Massacre Remembered" 4773:Arafat, the Difficult Number 4281:Oren, Amir (29 March 1968). 4001:Green March, Black September 3499:. CBS News. 26 December 2013 3215:[ˈjaːsɪrˤʕɑrˤɑˈfaːt] 2962:Palestinian foreign minister 1997:Israeli-occupied territories 1794:, a son of former President 1602:in Israel. The PFLP and the 1588:Black September Organization 1489:emergency Arab League summit 1379:Palestinian National Council 1161:Palestinian Liberation Front 1021:in 1956, Egyptian president 837: 711:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 668:Palestinian National Council 611:(PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and 506:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 432:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7: 14792:Palestinian revolutionaries 14777:Palestinian Nobel laureates 14762:Palestinian civil engineers 14737:Nobel Peace Prize laureates 14527:Flag of the Arab Federation 14357:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 14347:Arab Socialist Action Party 12660:Hispanic Society of America 12586:The Transplantation Society 12535:2004: The European Union's 12519:International Space Station 9821:Palestinian suicide attacks 8499:Reader's Digest Association 6481:"Profile: Marwan Barghouti" 6266:. p. 2. Archived from 6186:"Yasser Arafat (1929–2004)" 4226:. Oxford University Press. 3647:Brexel, Bernadette (2003). 3477:. Reuters. 2 September 2015 3398:. In Mattar, Philip (ed.). 3253: 3231: 3205: 3025: 2667:Preventive Security Service 2662:Finance Minister of the PNA 2608:International Monetary Fund 2259:Preventive Security Service 1501:Arab League summit in Cairo 1063:Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood 1029:to establish itself in the 688:1978 South Lebanon conflict 464:1978 South Lebanon conflict 10: 14853: 14827:Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana 14498:On the Way of Resurrection 14491:The Battle for One Destiny 14422:Lebanese National Movement 13863:Third International Theory 13019:Hungarian Freedom Fighters 12682:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance 11993:Center for Civil Liberties 10853:International Peace Bureau 10397:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 10385:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement 10379:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 10311:Palestinian autonomy talks 8493:Livingstone, Neil (1990). 8180:. Reuters. 6 November 2013 8037:Lema, Luis (24 May 2014). 7567:. London. 15 December 2004 6726:"Killing Arafat An Option" 6453:Naveh, Dani (6 May 2002). 6153:"The Wye River Memorandum" 5648:. Doubleday. p. 418. 5269:. iUniverse. p. 260. 5134:"Five Minutes to Midnight" 4883:. New York: Random House. 4656:Cambridge University Press 3722:Rubenstein & Leon 1995 3426:Some sources use the term 3282:Ammar bin ('son of) Yasser 2908: 2794: 2678:Operation Defensive Shield 2562:amid pressures by the US. 2512:Operation Defensive Shield 2102: 1755:(LNM). The LNM was led by 1753:Lebanese National Movement 1746:Palestine Liberation Front 1717: 1396: 1284: 1179:Leader of the Palestinians 928:, he donned a solid white 680:Lebanese National Movement 650:, he fought alongside the 18: 14722:Fatah military commanders 14641: 14550: 14507: 14475: 14452:Unified Political Command 14342:Arab Nationalist Movement 14287: 14239:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 14099: 14068: 14035:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 13906:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 13871: 13835: 13539: 13305: 12970: 12960:The American Fighting-Man 12763: 12638: 12627: 12580:World Health Organization 12531:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 12513:Fernando Henrique Cardoso 12336: 12325: 12213: 12182: 12157: 12132: 12101: 12081: 12066: 11705: 11454: 11211: 10988: 10748: 10676: 10625: 10609: 10511: 10354: 10307:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 10232: 10164:Faisal–Weizmann agreement 10121: 10082: 9855: 9718: 9563: 9521: 9483: 9458: 9437: 9381: 9311: 9198:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 9180: 9173: 9103: 9055: 8999: 8965:Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 8955: 8886: 8840: 8810: 8789: 8768: 8640:Yasser Arafat (1929–2004) 8478:. New York: Grove Press. 8366: 8361: 8251:The Sydney Morning Herald 7803:. CBN.com. Archived from 7254:. CBS News. 4 July 2012. 7097:"Ending of Yasser's Life" 5788:"Timeline: Yasser Arafat" 5700:. Macmillan. p. 151. 5165:How We Got Here: The '70s 4940:. Vintage Books. p. 4250:The Arab-Israeli Conflict 3352:"Yasser Arafat Mausoleum" 3000: 2859:presidential headquarters 2635:General Accounting Office 2527:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 2210:In 1994, Arafat moved to 2028:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 1849:(center) and PFLP leader 1393:Confrontation with Jordan 1224:Arab Nationalist Movement 1129:Palestine Liberation Army 1074:Filastununa Nida al-Hayat 844:University of King Fuad I 723:Madrid Conference of 1991 640:University of King Fuad I 307: 299: 287: 277: 272:University of King Fuad I 265: 257: 228: 218: 208: 191: 169: 164: 160: 148: 136: 125: 117: 104: 81: 70: 62: 58: 46: 37: 30: 14772:Palestinian nationalists 14757:Palestinian billionaires 13960:1952 Egyptian revolution 13677:: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. 12565:Ifakara Health Institute 11688:Médecins Sans Frontières 10346:Israel–Lebanon agreement 10158:Anglo-French Declaration 10154:Declaration to the Seven 9727:Misgav Am hostage crisis 8712:templates for discussion 8019:(Subscription required.) 7767:McDermott, Rose (2008). 7315:. London. 12 July 2012. 7227:"Hospitalization Report" 6644:. BBC. 11 September 2003 6036:(PASSIA). Archived from 5351:Harris, William (1996). 4786:Nisan, Mordechi (2003). 4551:"The Israeli Assessment" 4342: 3980:Hussein, Hassan Khalil. 3442:for further information. 3096: 2346:Prime Minister of Israel 2329:(right) at a meeting in 2141:and Rabin receiving the 2125:, and Arafat during the 1909:Beirut was soon besieged 1724:Battle of Tripoli (1983) 1435:Prime Minister of Jordan 1297:Palestinian refugee camp 1088:to refer to "conquest." 944:In 1990, Arafat married 329:This article is part of 204:, Hauts-de-Seine, France 38: 14812:Presidents of Palestine 14707:Cairo University alumni 14613:Palestinian nationalism 14532:Flag of the Arab Revolt 14025:1966 Syrian coup d'état 14005:1963 Syrian coup d'état 13985:1961 Syrian coup d'état 13175:The Apollo 8 Astronauts 12455:Government of Guatemala 12382:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 12372:University of Salamanca 12148:Clifford Glenwood Shull 12076:(United States/Hungary) 11175:Friends Service Council 10038:Israel–Palestine crisis 9889:Bringing Home the Goods 9228:Guardians of the Cedars 8524:Oxford University Press 6838:The Dallas Morning News 6732:. CBS. Associated Press 4820:Israel: A Country Study 4646:Cobban, Helena (1984). 4580:(subscription required) 4438:(subscription required) 4283:"Debacle in the desert" 4032:; Uzi Mahmaini (1996). 2811:On 11 November 2004, a 2758:Percy military hospital 2584:Palestinian territories 2534:Attempts to marginalize 1940:Headquarters in Tunisia 1836:Tel al-Zaatar camp fell 1543:Headquarters in Lebanon 1419:at press conference in 1415:and Palestinian writer 1271:PLO Executive Committee 1197:Israeli security forces 959: 912:was carried out by the 755:cause of Arafat's death 719:Palestinian territories 14837:20th-century engineers 14807:Politicians from Cairo 14040:1969 Libyan revolution 13918:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 13134:Martin Luther King Jr. 12404:Hans-Dietrich Genscher 12219:Nobel Prize recipients 12159:Physiology or Medicine 11572:UN Peacekeeping Forces 11421: (declined award) 11330:Martin Luther King Jr. 10455:Sharm El Sheikh Summit 10375:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 10257:Tripartite Declaration 9880:Ain es Saheb airstrike 9761:South Lebanon conflict 8426:; Tony Walker (2005). 8047:(in French). p. 3 5865:Jewish Virtual Library 5738:The West's last chance 5138:The Gazette (Montreal) 4253:. Black Rabbit Books. 4222:Sayigh, Yezid (1997). 4060:; Tony Walker (1991). 3768:"Profile: Suha Arafat" 3545:Ghanem, As'ad (2010). 3392:Dunn, Michael (2004). 3299:"Definition of Arafat" 2944:University of Lausanne 2920: 2911:Death of Yasser Arafat 2862: 2808: 2459: 2381:Camp David 2000 Summit 2372: 2334: 2313:Other peace agreements 2199:those areas. However, 2150: 2130: 2085:Abu Nidal Organization 1905:an invasion of Lebanon 1899: 1890:Iranian Prime Minister 1858: 1737: 1689: 1576: 1560: 1492: 1424: 914:Free Officers Movement 791: 731:2000 Camp David Summit 516:2000 Camp David Summit 14598:Jordanian nationalism 14332:Arab Islamic Republic 14327:Arab Higher Committee 14204:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 14184:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 13995:North Yemen civil war 13928:Arab–Israeli conflict 13591:The Good Samaritans: 12888:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12828:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12812:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12376:University of Coimbra 11844:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 11524:Alfonso García Robles 11504:Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 11476:Amnesty International 11088:Carlos Saavedra Lamas 10503:John Kerry Parameters 10176:Churchill White Paper 10142:Sykes–Picot Agreement 9698:Coastal Road massacre 9319:Arab Higher Committee 9208:Arab Liberation Front 9151:Palestinian Authority 9049:Arab–Israeli conflict 8940:Battle of Gaza (2007) 8547:The Mystery of Arafat 8428:Arafat: The Biography 8406:Bloomsbury Publishing 7711:on 21 September 2012. 7653:Le Monde diplomatique 7209:The Volokh Conspiracy 7107:on 30 September 2007. 5761:Le Monde diplomatique 4466:The Arab-Israeli Wars 4185:Nasser, The Last Arab 3635:Jewish Vitual Library 3627:Nobel Prize Biography 3086:List of Fatah members 3076:Politics of Palestine 2918: 2887:Sheikh Taissir Tamimi 2848: 2834:, Egypt, for a brief 2802: 2627:venture capital funds 2572:Presidential Compound 2457: 2362: 2320: 2271:Amnesty International 2136: 2117: 2103:Further information: 1887: 1863:Coastal Road massacre 1844: 1731: 1685: 1566: 1555: 1487:conflict, during the 1474: 1406: 1261:resigned his post as 1232:Arab Higher Committee 1228:Hajj Amin al-Husseini 1002:significance in Islam 950:Palestinian Christian 875:1948 Arab–Israeli War 864:Arab Higher Committee 785: 751:his Ramallah compound 656:1948 Arab–Israeli War 14633:Tunisian nationalism 14603:Lebanese nationalism 14563:Egyptian nationalism 14558:Algerian nationalism 14462:United Arab Republic 14337:Arab Liberation Army 14317:Arab Ba'ath Movement 14174:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 13708:The Silence Breakers 13575:The American Soldier 13556:The Whistleblowers: 13414:The Endangered Earth 13196:The Middle Americans 13150:William Westmoreland 13043:Dwight D. Eisenhower 12912:Dwight D. Eisenhower 12485:Fatana Ishaq Gailani 12469:Olayinka Koso-Thomas 12417:Frederik W. de Klerk 11959:World Food Programme 10485:Annapolis Conference 10479:UNSC Resolution 1701 10469:UNSC Resolution 1850 10451:UNSC Resolution 1583 10445:UNSC Resolution 1566 10441:UNSC Resolution 1559 10391:Wye River Memorandum 10247:Armistice agreements 10004:Gaza border protests 9926:Gaza–Israel conflict 9638:Lod Airport massacre 9471:United Arab Republic 9414:United Arab Emirates 9324:Arab Liberation Army 8930:Fatah–Hamas conflict 8550:. Steerforth Press. 8544:; Leon, Dan (1995). 8278:The Washington Times 8096:. 27 November 2012. 7510:on 11 September 2016 7373:. Associated Press. 7342:. Associated Press. 7213:Agence France-Presse 6517:. London. 1 May 2002 6258:(12 November 2004). 6198:on 29 February 2012. 5716:Witnessing for Peace 5682:on 8 September 2013. 5399:. pp. 162–165. 4557:. 13 December 1968. 4247:Cath Senker (2004). 2629:in the U.S. and the 2602:In August 2002, the 2367:and Bill Clinton at 2354:Wye River Memorandum 2301:). However, because 2187:Palestinian refugees 2129:on 13 September 1993 1988:Jabalya refugee camp 1957:Operation Wooden Leg 1619:Munich Olympic Games 1548:Official recognition 1362:Israeli intelligence 1025:agreed to allow the 887:Palestinian fedayeen 868:Army of the Holy War 449:Battle of the Hotels 427:Operation Wooden Leg 14767:Palestinian Muslims 14623:Sahrawi nationalism 13980:1959 Mosul uprising 13913:Great Syrian Revolt 13773:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 12757:Persons of the Year 12666:Amref Health Africa 12348:Enrique V. Iglesias 12342:José López Portillo 11640:Pugwash Conferences 10328:UNSC Resolution 497 10322:UNSC Resolution 478 10316:UNSC Resolution 452 10303:UNSC Resolution 446 10293:UNSC Resolution 425 10287:UNSC Resolution 350 10277:UNSC Resolution 339 10273:UNSC Resolution 338 10263:Khartoum Resolution 10251:Lausanne Conference 10200:Morrison–Grady Plan 10170:San Remo conference 10148:Balfour Declaration 10020:Gaza–Israel clashes 10012:Gaza–Israel clashes 9787:Mothers' Bus attack 9364:Revolutionary Cells 8984:Mujahideen Brigades 8226:. NBC News. Reuters 7313:The Daily Telegraph 6762:on 8 December 2015. 6515:The Daily Telegraph 6427:(7 November 2003). 6409:on 8 October 2010. 6378:. 29 September 2004 6352:on 26 November 2010 6270:on 13 November 2004 5340:on 5 February 1998. 4816:"Israel in Lebanon" 4569:on 23 November 2008 4449:Maoz, Zeev (2006). 3848:The Times of Israel 3797:. 19 December 1994. 3594:The Washington Post 3218:; full birth name: 2830:transport plane to 2741:Sheikh Ahmed Yassin 2716:Minister of Defense 2421:freedom of movement 2244:executive committee 2045:Adlai Stevenson III 2038:Change in direction 1681:UN General Assembly 1567:Yasser Arafat with 1475:Egyptian President 1307:in the eyes of the 1080:of the Arabic name 972:clan of Jerusalem. 856:Mandatory Palestine 799:Arafat was born in 795:Birth and childhood 662:from 1952 to 1956. 14628:Syrian nationalism 14608:Libyan nationalism 14568:Greater Mauritania 14484:The Arab Awakening 14467:United Arab States 14442:Rejectionist Front 14249:Gamal Abdel Nasser 14060:Yemeni unification 14050:Lebanese Civil War 14030:17 July Revolution 14000:Ramadan Revolution 13975:14 July Revolution 13338:Ayatollah Khomeini 13003:John Foster Dulles 12608:Max Planck Society 12354:Belisario Betancur 12142:Bertram Brockhouse 12074:George Andrew Olah 11911:Juan Manuel Santos 11237:George C. Marshall 11080:Carl von Ossietzky 10975:Austen Chamberlain 10841:A. M. F. Beernaert 10809:Theodore Roosevelt 10801:Bertha von Suttner 10473:Quartet Principles 10407:Clinton Parameters 10297:Camp David Accords 9680:Savoy Hotel attack 9530:1948 Palestine war 9369:South Lebanon Army 9258:Muslim Brotherhood 8832:Voice of Palestine 8826:Falastin Al Thawra 8694:The New York Times 8683:The Jerusalem Post 8631:on Nobelprize.org 8380:, 23 December 1990 8308:The Jerusalem Post 7920:. 12 November 2004 7865:on 18 January 2012 7833:. 17 November 2004 7807:on 18 January 2013 7618:(12 August 2007). 7593:. 10 November 2007 7484:. 12 November 2004 7457:The New York Times 7403:The New York Times 7286:The New York Times 7076:The New York Times 6988:The Jerusalem Post 6898:(14 August 2002). 6844:on 13 October 2007 6813:. Associated Press 6786:on 8 December 2015 6696:The New York Times 6671:. Associated Press 6559:The New York Times 6403:The Jerusalem Post 6107:. 20 December 2005 6065:The New York Times 6010:on 11 January 2008 5918:. 3 September 1993 5768:on 19 January 2012 5742:Regnery Publishing 5465:. 9 October 2007. 5113:on 8 February 2012 4972:on 28 January 2012 4859:The New York Times 4812:Metz, Helen Chapin 4705:The New York Times 4684:The Morning Record 4627:on 8 February 2007 4426:The New York Times 4030:Abu Sharif, Bassam 3774:. 11 November 2004 3568:The New York Times 3475:The Jerusalem Post 2949:The New York Times 2921: 2863: 2809: 2780:hemorrhagic stroke 2723:special operations 2621:bottling plant in 2590:Financial dealings 2556:armored bulldozers 2464:asymmetric warfare 2460: 2443:Political survival 2373: 2339:Benjamin Netanyahu 2335: 2183:Rejectionist Front 2151: 2149:, 10 December 1994 2131: 2052:State of Palestine 1926:United States Navy 1900: 1897:Iranian Revolution 1859: 1742:Lebanese Civil War 1738: 1720:Lebanese Civil War 1650:Rejectionist Front 1577: 1561: 1497:the conflict raged 1493: 1477:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1425: 1387:Commander-in-Chief 1199:near the southern 1023:Gamal Abdel Nasser 891:Muslim Brotherhood 792: 707:two-state solution 684:Lebanese Civil War 652:Muslim Brotherhood 454:Aishiyeh massacres 441:Lebanese Civil War 14732:Muslim socialists 14659: 14658: 14588:Iraqi nationalism 14279:Constantin Zureiq 14129:Abdul Rahman Arif 14109:Butrus al-Bustani 13795: 13794: 13777:Spirit of Ukraine 13477:Pope John Paul II 13454:The Peacemakers: 13430:George H. W. Bush 13422:Mikhail Gorbachev 13406:Mikhail Gorbachev 13250:Susan Brownmiller 13166:Lyndon B. Johnson 13142:Lyndon B. Johnson 13051:U.S. Scientists: 13035:Charles de Gaulle 13027:Nikita Khrushchev 12979:Mohammed Mosaddeq 12952:Winston Churchill 12880:Winston Churchill 12772:Charles Lindbergh 12720: 12719: 12716: 12715: 12623: 12622: 12615:Fulbright Program 12537:Erasmus Programme 12398:Mikhail Gorbachev 12316:Laureates of the 12283: 12282: 12184:Economic Sciences 12024: 12023: 11885:Kailash Satyarthi 11770:Mohamed ElBaradei 11588:Mikhail Gorbachev 11283:Philip Noel-Baker 11267:Lester B. Pearson 11229:Albert Schweitzer 11010:Ferdinand Buisson 11002:Gustav Stresemann 10881:Henri La Fontaine 10742:Nobel Peace Prize 10704: 10703: 10636: 10635: 10569: 10568: 10565: 10564: 10435:Geneva Initiative 10403:Camp David Summit 10363:Madrid Conference 10340:Reagan peace plan 10313: 10218:UN Partition Plan 10212:London Conference 10194:London Conference 10130:Damascus Protocol 10078: 10077: 9979:Pillar of Defense 9630:Sabena Flight 571 9596:Battle of Karameh 9515:Armed engagements 9479: 9478: 9377: 9376: 9349:Japanese Red Army 9104:Primary countries 9015: 9014: 8908:Battle of Karameh 8606:978-0-8184-0533-4 8557:978-1-883642-10-5 8542:Rubenstein, Danny 8533:978-0-19-516689-7 8508:978-0-7090-4548-9 8485:978-0-8021-1758-8 8461:978-0-253-32711-6 8437:978-1-85227-924-0 8415:978-1-58234-049-4 8389: 8388: 7858:Ma'an News Agency 7786:978-0-521-88272-9 7705:Ma'an News Agency 7616:Rubenstein, Danny 7184:. 29 October 2004 7046:. 30 October 2009 6910:on 1 October 2007 6622:on 11 August 2003 6612:"Arafat vs Abbas" 6216:. 5 November 2004 6133:. 9 December 2002 5973:978-0-00-638337-6 5846:978-0-7432-8502-5 5655:978-0-385-40401-3 5646:Israel: a history 5567:Dennis Walters MP 5395:Harris, William. 5370:978-1-55876-115-5 5316:978-0-89608-601-2 5179:978-0-465-04195-4 5039:. 13 March 1973. 4951:978-0-679-74475-7 4890:978-1-920769-80-2 4771:Rasheda, Mahran. 4707:. 5 February 1969 4665:978-0-521-27216-2 4602:978-0-7090-4548-9 4406:978-1-4143-2361-9 4348:Petra News Agency 4233:978-0-19-829643-0 4195:978-0-312-28683-5 4139:978-0-345-46192-6 4105:978-0-283-06220-9 4077:978-0-940793-86-6 4043:978-0-7515-1636-4 4015:978-0-7146-2987-2 3896:on 21 August 2006 3822:on 16 August 2018 3531:978-1-78289-593-0 3409:978-0-02-865769-1 3337:978-0-8108-7015-4 3251: 3229: 3203: 3015:Yasser Arafat Cup 2954:Bassam Abu Sharif 2688:Illness and death 2650:neopatrimonialism 2455: 2369:Camp David Summit 2323:Yasser Abed Rabbo 2269:to head the PSS. 2175:Nobel Peace Prize 2155:1993 Oslo Accords 2143:Nobel Peace Prize 2012:molotov cocktails 1950:Israeli Air Force 1924:supported by the 1815:Sabra and Shatila 1811:massacre in April 1774:(PFLP-GC) led by 1642:Ten Point Program 1604:Japanese Red Army 1592:Sabena Flight 572 1491:, September 1970 1439:Palestinian state 1345:Balqa Governorate 1287:Battle of Karameh 1281:Battle of Karameh 1212:Egypt's air force 1057:("Abu Iyad") and 1013:Founding of Fatah 902:civil engineering 813:Sakakini District 735:Nobel Peace Prize 595: 594: 479:Battle of Tripoli 402:Battle of Karameh 347: 346: 311: 310: 213:Arafat's compound 14844: 14649: 14648: 14522:Eagle of Saladin 14229:Amin al-Husseini 14194:Faisal I of Iraq 14164:Sultan al-Atrash 14159:Mansur al-Atrash 14134:Abdul Salam Arif 13943:War of Attrition 13829:Arab nationalism 13822: 13815: 13808: 13799: 13798: 13788: 13780: 13768: 13760: 13748: 13740: 13738: 13711: 13703: 13695: 13687: 13685: 13669: 13661: 13653: 13645: 13637: 13629: 13621: 13613: 13605: 13603: 13586: 13578: 13570: 13568: 13551: 13548:Rudolph Giuliani 13532: 13524: 13516: 13504: 13496: 13488: 13480: 13472: 13470: 13449: 13441: 13433: 13425: 13417: 13409: 13401: 13393: 13385: 13377: 13365: 13357: 13349: 13341: 13333: 13325: 13317: 13298: 13296: 13282:Billie Jean King 13248:American Women: 13243: 13235: 13227: 13215: 13207: 13199: 13191: 13189: 13169: 13161: 13153: 13145: 13137: 13129: 13121: 13113: 13111: 13093:William Shockley 13069:Joshua Lederberg 13065:Donald A. Glaser 13046: 13038: 13030: 13022: 13014: 13006: 12998: 12990: 12982: 12963: 12955: 12947: 12939: 12931: 12923: 12915: 12907: 12899: 12891: 12883: 12875: 12867: 12859: 12847: 12839: 12831: 12823: 12815: 12807: 12799: 12791: 12783: 12775: 12747: 12740: 12733: 12724: 12723: 12629: 12628: 12588:and the Spanish 12481:Rigoberta Menchú 12327: 12326: 12310: 12303: 12296: 12287: 12286: 12221: 12198:John Forbes Nash 12167:Alfred G. Gilman 12051: 12044: 12037: 12028: 12027: 12017: 12006: 12004:Narges Mohammadi 11995: 11976: 11961: 11950: 11939: 11924: 11913: 11902: 11891: 11889:Malala Yousafzai 11876: 11865: 11854: 11835: 11824: 11813: 11811:Martti Ahtisaari 11802: 11787: 11772: 11757: 11746: 11735: 11724: 11698: 11690: 11682: 11670: 11658: 11656:José Ramos-Horta 11646: 11634: 11618: 11606: 11604:Rigoberta Menchú 11598: 11596:Aung San Suu Kyi 11590: 11582: 11574: 11566: 11558: 11550: 11542: 11534: 11526: 11514: 11506: 11498: 11490: 11478: 11470: 11468:Mairead Corrigan 11447: 11439: 11427: 11412: 11411: 11405: 11394: 11383: 11372: 11361: 11360: 11352: 11351: 11343: 11332: 11321: 11309: 11301: 11299:Dag Hammarskjöld 11293: 11285: 11277: 11269: 11261: 11260: 11254: 11253: 11247: 11239: 11231: 11223: 11204: 11196: 11188: 11187: 11181: 11169: 11157: 11149: 11141: 11140: 11134: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11120: 11119: 11113: 11112: 11106: 11098: 11090: 11082: 11074: 11072:Arthur Henderson 11066: 11058: 11057: 11051: 11039: 11037:Nathan Söderblom 11031: 11029:Frank B. Kellogg 11023: 11022: 11016: 11004: 10981: 10969: 10968: 10962: 10961: 10955: 10947: 10941:Hjalmar Branting 10935: 10927: 10919: 10918: 10912: 10904: 10903: 10897: 10896: 10890: 10889: 10883: 10875: 10867: 10855: 10847: 10835: 10823: 10811: 10803: 10795: 10787: 10779: 10767: 10731: 10724: 10717: 10708: 10707: 10663: 10656: 10649: 10640: 10639: 10631: 10596: 10589: 10582: 10573: 10572: 10523:Trump peace plan 10515: 10309: 10107: 10100: 10093: 10084: 10083: 10069: 10066:Israel–Hamas war 10061: 10057:Shield and Arrow 10051: 10041: 10033: 10023: 10015: 10007: 9999: 9996:Wave of violence 9991: 9983: 9973: 9963: 9955: 9947: 9939: 9929: 9921: 9913: 9903: 9893: 9883: 9875: 9867: 9848: 9838: 9828: 9816: 9806: 9798: 9790: 9782: 9774: 9764: 9756: 9748: 9740: 9730: 9711: 9701: 9693: 9683: 9675: 9672:Ma'alot massacre 9667: 9659: 9649: 9641: 9633: 9625: 9617: 9607: 9599: 9591: 9588:War of Attrition 9583: 9575: 9556: 9548: 9540: 9537:Arab–Israeli War 9532: 9508: 9501: 9494: 9485: 9484: 9382:Other countries 9178: 9177: 9118:Egyptian Kingdom 9080: 9073: 9066: 9057: 9056: 9042: 9035: 9028: 9019: 9018: 9005: 9004: 8970:Marwan Barghouti 8902:War of Attrition 8776:History of Fatah 8760:Party and their 8750: 8743: 8736: 8727: 8726: 8636: 8618: 8591: 8561: 8537: 8512: 8489: 8465: 8441: 8430:. Virgin Books. 8419: 8403: 8394:Aburish, Said K. 8371: 8370: 8359: 8358: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8283:Associated Press 8268: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8219: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8147: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8034: 8021: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8013: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7936: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7918:Associated Press 7910: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7884: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7774: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7742: 7729: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7674: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7644: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7612: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7310: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7277: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7248: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7231: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7122: 7109: 7108: 7103:. 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Bush 2615:finance ministry 2541:Marwan Barghouti 2520:Mahmoud al-Zahar 2516:West Bank cities 2456: 2427:headquarters in 2032:suicide bombings 1875:Operation Litani 1761:Syrian President 1734:Southern Lebanon 1612:Ghassan Kanafani 1558:Brandenburg Gate 1125:union with Egypt 1096:, Saudi Arabia, 852:Arab nationalist 828:Mughrabi Quarter 692:1982 Lebanon War 672:military clashes 621:Arab nationalist 587: 580: 573: 555: 546: 484:War of the Camps 474:1982 Lebanon War 469:Battle of Zahleh 397:War of Attrition 343: 342: 340: 333: 332: 324: 317: 316: 313: 312: 295: 251: 249: 245: 198: 195:11 November 2004 184: 182: 165:Personal details 151: 139: 130: 107: 84: 75: 51: 41: 28: 27: 14852: 14851: 14847: 14846: 14845: 14843: 14842: 14841: 14662: 14661: 14660: 14655: 14637: 14573:Greater Morocco 14546: 14542:Pan-Arab colors 14537:Hawk of Quraish 14503: 14471: 14322:Arab Federation 14283: 14269:Abdullah Rimawi 14244:Mostéfa Merarda 14199:Muammar Gaddafi 14179:Ahmed Ben Bella 14154:Jamal al-Atassi 14144:Bashar al-Assad 14095: 14064: 14045:Black September 13923:Anglo-Iraqi War 13867: 13831: 13826: 13796: 13791: 13783: 13771: 13763: 13751: 13743: 13718:Jamal Khashoggi 13716:The Guardians: 13715: 13714: 13706: 13698: 13690: 13673: 13672: 13664: 13656: 13648: 13642:Mark Zuckerberg 13640: 13632: 13624: 13616: 13608: 13590: 13589: 13581: 13573: 13566:Sherron Watkins 13555: 13554: 13546: 13535: 13527: 13519: 13507: 13499: 13491: 13483: 13475: 13453: 13452: 13444: 13436: 13428: 13420: 13412: 13404: 13396: 13388: 13382:Peter Ueberroth 13380: 13368: 13360: 13352: 13344: 13336: 13328: 13320: 13312: 13301: 13254:Kathleen Byerly 13247: 13246: 13238: 13230: 13220:Henry Kissinger 13218: 13210: 13202: 13194: 13173: 13172: 13164: 13156: 13148: 13140: 13132: 13126:Pope John XXIII 13124: 13118:John F. Kennedy 13116: 13109:Robert Woodward 13105:James Van Allen 13050: 13049: 13041: 13033: 13025: 13017: 13009: 13001: 12995:Konrad Adenauer 12993: 12985: 12977: 12966: 12958: 12950: 12944:Harry S. Truman 12942: 12936:George Marshall 12934: 12928:James F. Byrnes 12926: 12920:Harry S. Truman 12918: 12910: 12904:George Marshall 12902: 12894: 12886: 12878: 12870: 12862: 12852:Chiang Kai-shek 12850: 12842: 12834: 12826: 12820:Hugh S. Johnson 12818: 12810: 12802: 12796:Mohandas Gandhi 12794: 12786: 12780:Walter Chrysler 12778: 12770: 12759: 12751: 12721: 12712: 12694:Ellen MacArthur 12654:Paris Agreement 12634: 12619: 12507:Valeri Polyakov 12360:Contadora group 12332: 12321: 12314: 12284: 12279: 12217: 12209: 12204:Reinhard Selten 12200:(United States) 12194:(United States) 12178: 12175:(United States) 12169:(United States) 12153: 12150:(United States) 12128: 12119:(Israel/Poland) 12097: 12077: 12062: 12055: 12025: 12020: 12015:to be announced 12009: 11998: 11985:Ales Bialiatski 11979: 11964: 11953: 11942: 11927: 11916: 11905: 11894: 11879: 11868: 11857: 11852:Tawakkol Karman 11838: 11827: 11816: 11805: 11790: 11775: 11760: 11755:Wangari Maathai 11749: 11738: 11727: 11712: 11701: 11693: 11685: 11673: 11661: 11649: 11637: 11621: 11609: 11601: 11593: 11585: 11577: 11569: 11561: 11553: 11545: 11537: 11529: 11517: 11509: 11501: 11493: 11481: 11473: 11461: 11450: 11445:Andrei Sakharov 11442: 11430: 11425:Henry Kissinger 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10026: 10018: 10010: 10002: 9994: 9986: 9976: 9966: 9958: 9950: 9942: 9932: 9924: 9916: 9906: 9896: 9886: 9878: 9870: 9864:Second Intifada 9862: 9851: 9844:Grapes of Wrath 9841: 9831: 9819: 9809: 9801: 9793: 9785: 9777: 9767: 9759: 9751: 9743: 9733: 9725: 9714: 9704: 9696: 9686: 9678: 9670: 9662: 9652: 9646:Munich massacre 9644: 9636: 9628: 9620: 9610: 9602: 9594: 9586: 9578: 9570: 9559: 9551: 9543: 9535: 9528: 9517: 9512: 9475: 9454: 9433: 9373: 9329:Black September 9307: 9248:Lebanese Forces 9169: 9165:Ba'athist Syria 9161:Syrian Republic 9106:and authorities 9105: 9099: 9098: 9084: 9051: 9046: 9016: 9011: 8995: 8951: 8925:Second intifada 8882: 8836: 8806: 8785: 8764: 8762:splinter groups 8754: 8715: 8625: 8607: 8580: 8558: 8534: 8509: 8486: 8462: 8438: 8416: 8368: 8362:External videos 8357: 8355:Further reading 8352: 8351: 8341: 8339: 8327: 8323: 8313: 8311: 8310:. 17 March 2015 8302: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8269: 8265: 8255: 8253: 8243: 8239: 8229: 8227: 8220: 8216: 8206: 8204: 8197: 8193: 8183: 8181: 8172: 8171: 8167: 8157: 8155: 8148: 8141: 8131: 8129: 8117: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8073: 8071: 8064: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8035: 8024: 8018: 8011: 8009: 7963: 7959: 7949: 7947: 7938: 7937: 7933: 7923: 7921: 7912: 7911: 7904: 7894: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7836: 7834: 7831:The Irish Times 7825: 7824: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7799: 7798: 7794: 7787: 7765: 7761: 7751: 7749: 7744: 7743: 7732: 7720: 7716: 7699: 7698: 7694: 7684: 7682: 7675: 7668: 7658: 7656: 7645: 7638: 7628: 7626: 7613: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7570: 7568: 7561:"No way to die" 7559: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7542: 7527: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7487: 7485: 7476: 7475: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7449: 7445: 7435: 7433: 7422: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7394: 7390: 7380: 7378: 7371:Chicago Tribune 7363: 7359: 7349: 7347: 7336: 7332: 7322: 7320: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7278: 7271: 7261: 7259: 7250: 7249: 7245: 7235: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7201: 7197: 7187: 7185: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7161: 7159: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7123: 7112: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7068: 7059: 7049: 7047: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7023: 7021: 7012: 7011: 7007: 6997: 6995: 6980: 6976: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6953: 6949: 6939: 6937: 6936:on 2 April 2015 6928: 6927: 6923: 6913: 6911: 6892: 6888: 6878: 6876: 6866: 6857: 6847: 6845: 6830: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6772: 6771: 6767: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6735: 6733: 6722: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6688: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6616:Al-Ahram Weekly 6608: 6604: 6594: 6592: 6585:The Independent 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6551: 6547: 6534: 6530: 6520: 6518: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6494: 6492: 6487:. 20 May 2004. 6479: 6478: 6474: 6464: 6462: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6422: 6418: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6336: 6332: 6320: 6316: 6305: 6301: 6290: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6253: 6249: 6238: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6195: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6159:on 15 July 2001 6151: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6083: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6057: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6040:on 29 July 2013 6028: 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6000: 5996: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5964:Secret Channels 5957: 5953: 5942: 5931: 5921: 5919: 5910: 5909: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5870: 5868: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5847: 5822: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5771: 5769: 5754: 5753: 5749: 5731: 5727: 5709: 5705: 5691: 5687: 5679: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5642:Gilbert, Martin 5639: 5635: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5609:Ron, Jonathan, 5607: 5603: 5592: 5577: 5560: 5556: 5546: 5544: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5406: 5404: 5393: 5389: 5382: 5378: 5371: 5349: 5345: 5332: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5303:South End Press 5288: 5284: 5277: 5261: 5257: 5246: 5231: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5157: 5153: 5142: 5140: 5130: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5105: 5104: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5079: 5078: 5074: 5063: 5056: 5046: 5044: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5005: 4994: 4985: 4975: 4973: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4870: 4866: 4851: 4847: 4836: 4827: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4784: 4780: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4740: 4729: 4720: 4710: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4603: 4589: 4585: 4579: 4572: 4570: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4480: 4473: 4462: 4458: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4430: 4428: 4418: 4414: 4407: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4353: 4351: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4220: 4211: 4196: 4177: 4173: 4162: 4147: 4140: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4089: 4085: 4078: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4027: 4023: 4016: 3996:Cooley, John K. 3993: 3989: 3978: 3974: 3964:Khalil al-Wazir 3958: 3952: 3943: 3939: 3928: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3882: 3878: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3810: 3809: 3802: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3750: 3746: 3735: 3731: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3675: 3656: 3645: 3641: 3623:Said K. Aburish 3612: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3560: 3556: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3516: 3512: 3502: 3500: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3425: 3421: 3410: 3395:"Arafat, Yasir" 3390: 3386: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3358:. 17 March 2016 3350: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3261: 3243: 3239: 3210: 3183: 3157: 3148: 3147: 3140: 3114: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3068:Politics portal 3066: 3059: 3052: 3047: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3003: 2913: 2907: 2869:or anywhere in 2816:guard of honour 2797: 2776:cerebrovascular 2749: 2695: 2690: 2652:. According to 2599:, in Tel Aviv. 2592: 2536: 2492: 2447: 2445: 2435:; US President 2404:Second Intifada 2315: 2263:Mohammed Dahlan 2196: 2163:direct taxation 2112: 2107: 2101: 2078:'s invasion of 2058:'. He accepted 2056:state terrorism 2040: 1984:Erez checkpoint 1969: 1963:for some time. 1942: 1847:Mahmoud Darwish 1796:Camille Chamoun 1726: 1716: 1677:plenary session 1631:Munich massacre 1550: 1545: 1505:Muammar Gaddafi 1485:Black September 1401: 1399:Black September 1395: 1357:suicide bombers 1289: 1283: 1255:Mohammed Heikal 1181: 1078:reverse acronym 1059:Khalil al-Wazir 1031:Sinai Peninsula 1015: 1010: 990:Ammar ibn Yasir 962: 942: 895:Egyptian forces 840: 797: 780: 648:State of Israel 591: 548: 540: 525: 521:Second Intifada 493: 489:Battle of Sidon 459:Chekka massacre 436: 407:Black September 386: 379: 369: 338: 336: 335: 334: 330: 328: 327: 253: 241: 237: 219:Political party 200: 196: 186: 180: 178: 176: 175: 149: 137: 131: 126: 105: 100: 82: 76: 71: 54: 42: 39: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14850: 14840: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14657: 14656: 14654: 14653: 14642: 14639: 14638: 14636: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14554: 14552: 14551:Related topics 14548: 14547: 14545: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14513: 14511: 14505: 14504: 14502: 14501: 14494: 14487: 14479: 14477: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14417:Islamic Legion 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14307:Al-Mourabitoun 14304: 14299: 14293: 14291: 14285: 14284: 14282: 14281: 14276: 14274:Hamdeen Sabahi 14271: 14266: 14264:Fuad al-Rikabi 14261: 14256: 14254:Adnan Pachachi 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14224:Saddam Hussein 14221: 14216: 14214:Sati' al-Husri 14211: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14149:Hafez al-Assad 14146: 14141: 14139:Zaki al-Arsuzi 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14105: 14103: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14072: 14070: 14066: 14065: 14063: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14020:Aden Emergency 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13965:Iraqi Intifada 13962: 13957: 13956: 13955: 13950: 13948:Yom Kippur War 13945: 13940: 13935: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13909: 13908: 13898: 13893: 13892: 13891: 13881: 13875: 13873: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13843:Arab socialism 13839: 13837: 13833: 13832: 13825: 13824: 13817: 13810: 13802: 13793: 13792: 13790: 13789: 13781: 13769: 13761: 13749: 13745:Greta Thunberg 13741: 13712: 13704: 13696: 13688: 13675:Ebola Fighters 13670: 13662: 13654: 13646: 13638: 13630: 13622: 13618:Vladimir Putin 13614: 13606: 13587: 13583:George W. Bush 13579: 13571: 13558:Cynthia Cooper 13552: 13543: 13541: 13537: 13536: 13534: 13533: 13529:George W. Bush 13525: 13517: 13505: 13497: 13489: 13481: 13473: 13464:Nelson Mandela 13460:F. W. de Klerk 13450: 13442: 13434: 13426: 13418: 13410: 13402: 13398:Corazon Aquino 13394: 13386: 13378: 13366: 13358: 13350: 13342: 13334: 13326: 13318: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13299: 13278:Barbara Jordan 13244: 13236: 13228: 13216: 13208: 13200: 13192: 13179:William Anders 13170: 13162: 13154: 13146: 13138: 13130: 13122: 13114: 13101:Charles Townes 13081:Edward Purcell 13057:Charles Draper 13047: 13039: 13031: 13023: 13015: 13011:Harlow Curtice 13007: 12999: 12991: 12983: 12974: 12972: 12968: 12967: 12965: 12964: 12956: 12948: 12940: 12932: 12924: 12916: 12908: 12900: 12892: 12884: 12876: 12868: 12860: 12856:Soong Mei-ling 12848: 12844:Wallis Simpson 12840: 12836:Haile Selassie 12832: 12824: 12816: 12808: 12800: 12792: 12784: 12776: 12767: 12765: 12761: 12760: 12750: 12749: 12742: 12735: 12727: 12718: 12717: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12710: 12703: 12696: 12690: 12684: 12678: 12668: 12662: 12656: 12646: 12639: 12636: 12635: 12625: 12624: 12621: 12620: 12618: 12617: 12611: 12604: 12598: 12592: 12582: 12576: 12563:(Mozambique), 12557: 12551: 12545: 12539: 12533: 12527: 12521: 12515: 12509: 12491: 12477:Fatiha Boudiaf 12461: 12451: 12445: 12439: 12429: 12423: 12421:Nelson Mandela 12413: 12406: 12400: 12394:Jacques Delors 12390: 12384: 12378: 12368: 12362: 12356: 12350: 12344: 12337: 12334: 12333: 12323: 12322: 12313: 12312: 12305: 12298: 12290: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12214: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12207: 12201: 12195: 12188: 12186: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12176: 12173:Martin Rodbell 12170: 12163: 12161: 12155: 12154: 12152: 12151: 12145: 12138: 12136: 12130: 12129: 12127: 12126: 12120: 12114: 12107: 12105: 12099: 12098: 12092: 12090: 12079: 12078: 12072: 12070: 12064: 12063: 12054: 12053: 12046: 12039: 12031: 12022: 12021: 12019: 12018: 12007: 11996: 11977: 11974:Dmitry Muratov 11962: 11951: 11940: 11925: 11914: 11903: 11892: 11877: 11866: 11863:European Union 11855: 11836: 11825: 11814: 11803: 11788: 11785:Muhammad Yunus 11773: 11758: 11747: 11736: 11725: 11718:United Nations 11709: 11707: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11699: 11691: 11683: 11671: 11659: 11647: 11644:Joseph Rotblat 11635: 11619: 11616:F. W. de Klerk 11612:Nelson Mandela 11607: 11599: 11591: 11583: 11575: 11567: 11559: 11551: 11543: 11535: 11527: 11515: 11507: 11499: 11491: 11488:Menachem Begin 11479: 11471: 11464:Betty Williams 11458: 11456: 11452: 11451: 11449: 11448: 11440: 11428: 11413: 11406: 11395: 11392:Norman Borlaug 11384: 11373: 11362: 11353: 11344: 11333: 11322: 11310: 11302: 11294: 11291:Albert Luthuli 11286: 11278: 11270: 11262: 11255: 11248: 11240: 11232: 11224: 11215: 11213: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11205: 11197: 11189: 11182: 11170: 11158: 11150: 11142: 11135: 11128: 11121: 11114: 11107: 11099: 11091: 11083: 11075: 11067: 11059: 11052: 11040: 11032: 11024: 11017: 11005: 10992: 10990: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10982: 10970: 10963: 10956: 10948: 10936: 10933:Léon Bourgeois 10928: 10925:Woodrow Wilson 10920: 10913: 10905: 10898: 10891: 10884: 10876: 10868: 10856: 10848: 10836: 10829:Klas Arnoldson 10824: 10817:Ernesto Moneta 10812: 10804: 10796: 10788: 10780: 10768: 10765:Frédéric Passy 10752: 10750: 10746: 10745: 10734: 10733: 10726: 10719: 10711: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10681:Ahmad Shukeiri 10677: 10674: 10673: 10666: 10665: 10658: 10651: 10643: 10634: 10633: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10599: 10598: 10591: 10584: 10576: 10567: 10566: 10563: 10562: 10560: 10559: 10553: 10552: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10525: 10518: 10516: 10509: 10508: 10506: 10505: 10499: 10493: 10487: 10481: 10475: 10465: 10447: 10437: 10431: 10421: 10415: 10409: 10399: 10393: 10387: 10381: 10371: 10365: 10358: 10356: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10299: 10289: 10279: 10269: 10259: 10253: 10243: 10236: 10234: 10230: 10229: 10227: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10196: 10190: 10184: 10178: 10172: 10166: 10160: 10150: 10144: 10138: 10132: 10125: 10123: 10119: 10118: 10113:Diplomacy and 10110: 10109: 10102: 10095: 10087: 10080: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10072: 10071: 10070: 10062: 10052: 10042: 10034: 10024: 10016: 10008: 10000: 9992: 9984: 9974: 9969:Returning Echo 9964: 9956: 9948: 9940: 9922: 9914: 9904: 9894: 9884: 9876: 9868: 9859: 9857: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9849: 9839: 9834:Accountability 9829: 9817: 9807: 9799: 9791: 9783: 9779:First Intifada 9775: 9765: 9757: 9753:Bus 300 affair 9749: 9741: 9731: 9722: 9720: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9702: 9694: 9684: 9676: 9668: 9660: 9650: 9642: 9634: 9626: 9622:Yom Kippur War 9618: 9608: 9600: 9592: 9584: 9576: 9567: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9557: 9549: 9541: 9533: 9525: 9523: 9519: 9518: 9511: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9488: 9481: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9473: 9468: 9462: 9460: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9450:United Nations 9447: 9445:European Union 9441: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9419:United Kingdom 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9385: 9383: 9379: 9378: 9375: 9374: 9372: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9315: 9313: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9253:al-Mourabitoun 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9184: 9182: 9175: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9167: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9136:Ba'athist Iraq 9129: 9124: 9115: 9109: 9107: 9101: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9093: 9090: 9086: 9083: 9082: 9075: 9068: 9060: 9053: 9052: 9045: 9044: 9037: 9030: 9022: 9013: 9012: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8993: 8988: 8987: 8986: 8976: 8967: 8961: 8959: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8949: 8948: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8927: 8922: 8920:First intifada 8917: 8915:Yom Kippur War 8912: 8911: 8910: 8899: 8894: 8890: 8888: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8844: 8842: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8822: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8793: 8791: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8772: 8770: 8766: 8765: 8753: 8752: 8745: 8738: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8697: 8686: 8675: 8666: 8657: 8646: 8637: 8624: 8623:External links 8621: 8620: 8619: 8605: 8592: 8578: 8562: 8556: 8538: 8532: 8513: 8507: 8495:Inside the PLO 8490: 8484: 8466: 8460: 8442: 8436: 8424:Gowers, Andrew 8420: 8414: 8387: 8386: 8364: 8363: 8356: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8321: 8295: 8263: 8237: 8214: 8191: 8165: 8139: 8111: 8081: 8058: 8022: 7977:(9900): 1308. 7957: 7931: 7902: 7876: 7844: 7818: 7792: 7785: 7759: 7730: 7714: 7692: 7666: 7636: 7604: 7578: 7552: 7521: 7495: 7469: 7443: 7416: 7388: 7357: 7330: 7298: 7269: 7243: 7218: 7195: 7169: 7143: 7110: 7088: 7057: 7031: 7005: 6974: 6960: 6947: 6921: 6894:Alon, Gideon; 6886: 6855: 6824: 6797: 6765: 6743: 6716: 6682: 6655: 6633: 6602: 6591:on 1 June 2004 6571: 6545: 6528: 6502: 6472: 6445: 6416: 6389: 6363: 6330: 6314: 6299: 6281: 6247: 6227: 6201: 6170: 6144: 6118: 6092: 6077: 6051: 6021: 5994: 5979: 5972: 5951: 5929: 5900: 5878: 5852: 5845: 5813: 5779: 5747: 5734:Blankley, Tony 5725: 5722:. p. 111. 5720:Fortress Press 5703: 5685: 5661: 5654: 5633: 5619: 5601: 5575: 5554: 5528: 5498: 5495:. p. 346. 5493:Fatal Triangle 5480: 5450: 5424: 5387: 5376: 5369: 5343: 5322: 5315: 5282: 5275: 5255: 5229: 5211: 5185: 5178: 5151: 5124: 5098: 5072: 5054: 5028: 5003: 4983: 4957: 4950: 4923: 4896: 4889: 4864: 4845: 4825: 4814:, ed. (1988). 4803: 4796: 4778: 4763: 4738: 4718: 4689: 4671: 4664: 4638: 4608: 4601: 4593:Inside the PLO 4583: 4542: 4528: 4508: 4494: 4471: 4468:. p. 205. 4456: 4441: 4412: 4405: 4387: 4361: 4333: 4319: 4299: 4273: 4259: 4239: 4232: 4209: 4194: 4171: 4145: 4138: 4111: 4104: 4083: 4076: 4058:Gowers, Andrew 4049: 4042: 4021: 4014: 3987: 3972: 3937: 3907: 3876: 3861: 3833: 3816:The Daily Star 3800: 3793:"Milestones". 3785: 3759: 3744: 3729: 3714: 3684: 3654: 3639: 3606: 3580: 3554: 3537: 3530: 3510: 3488: 3462: 3444: 3430:, rather than 3419: 3408: 3384: 3369: 3356:Alluring World 3343: 3336: 3316: 3305:. Random House 3303:dictionary.com 3290: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3237: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3057: 3043: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3002: 2999: 2940:Patrice Mangin 2909:Main article: 2906: 2903: 2867:Masjid Al-Aqsa 2824:Jacques Chirac 2796: 2793: 2748: 2747:Failing health 2745: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2631:Cayman Islands 2591: 2588: 2535: 2532: 2491: 2488: 2444: 2441: 2437:George W. Bush 2314: 2311: 2295:postal service 2224:Prime Minister 2195: 2192: 2159:social welfare 2145:following the 2111: 2108: 2100: 2097: 2076:Saddam Hussein 2039: 2036: 2020:tax resistance 1973:First Intifada 1968: 1967:First Intifada 1965: 1941: 1938: 1893:Mehdi Bazargan 1788:Tigers Militia 1784:Bachir Gemayel 1764:Hafez al-Assad 1757:Kamal Jumblatt 1715: 1712: 1700:Saddam Hussein 1646:East Jerusalem 1623:Mohammed Oudeh 1606:carried out a 1575:, in the 1970s 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1533:Hafez al-Assad 1483:to end to the 1458:Athens Airport 1450:Dawson's Field 1413:Nayef Hawatmeh 1394: 1391: 1329:Jordanian Army 1321:Nayef Hawatmeh 1285:Main article: 1282: 1279: 1259:Ahmad Shukeiri 1180: 1177: 1169:Hafez al-Assad 1112:(where he met 1017:Following the 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 961: 958: 941: 938: 883:Israeli troops 839: 836: 796: 793: 790:in Cairo, 1942 779: 776: 703:right to exist 593: 592: 590: 589: 582: 575: 567: 564: 563: 557: 556: 539: 538: 532: 531: 524: 523: 518: 513: 508: 502: 501: 492: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 445: 444: 435: 434: 429: 424: 422:First Intifada 419: 416:PLO in Lebanon 409: 404: 399: 393: 392: 390:Pre-presidency 378: 377: 368: 367: 362: 357: 349: 348: 345: 344: 331:a series about 325: 309: 308: 305: 304: 301: 297: 296: 289: 285: 284: 282:Civil engineer 279: 275: 274: 269: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 239: 233: 232: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 199:(aged 75) 193: 189: 188: 185:24 August 1929 173: 171: 167: 166: 162: 161: 158: 157: 152: 146: 145: 140: 134: 133: 123: 122: 115: 114: 108: 102: 101: 99: 98: 93: 87: 85: 83:Prime Minister 79: 78: 68: 67: 60: 59: 56: 55: 53:Arafat in 1996 52: 44: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14849: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14672:Yasser Arafat 14670: 14669: 14667: 14652: 14644: 14643: 14640: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14583:Greater Yemen 14581: 14579: 14578:Greater Syria 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14555: 14553: 14549: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14514: 14512: 14510: 14506: 14500: 14499: 14495: 14493: 14492: 14488: 14486: 14485: 14481: 14480: 14478: 14474: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14292: 14290: 14289:Organizations 14286: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14209:George Habash 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14189:Izzat Darwaza 14187: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14124:Yasser Arafat 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14102: 14101:Personalities 14098: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14076:Arab identity 14074: 14073: 14071: 14067: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13990:Arab Cold War 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13930: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13907: 13904: 13903: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13890: 13887: 13886: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13874: 13870: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13840: 13838: 13834: 13830: 13823: 13818: 13816: 13811: 13809: 13804: 13803: 13800: 13786: 13782: 13778: 13774: 13770: 13766: 13762: 13758: 13757:Kamala Harris 13754: 13750: 13746: 13742: 13737: 13736: 13731: 13727: 13723: 13719: 13713: 13709: 13705: 13701: 13697: 13693: 13692:Angela Merkel 13689: 13684: 13683:Salome Karwah 13680: 13676: 13671: 13667: 13663: 13659: 13655: 13651: 13650:The Protester 13647: 13643: 13639: 13635: 13631: 13627: 13623: 13619: 13615: 13611: 13607: 13602: 13601:Melinda Gates 13598: 13594: 13588: 13584: 13580: 13576: 13572: 13567: 13563: 13562:Coleen Rowley 13559: 13553: 13549: 13545: 13544: 13542: 13538: 13530: 13526: 13522: 13518: 13514: 13510: 13506: 13502: 13498: 13494: 13490: 13486: 13485:Newt Gingrich 13482: 13478: 13474: 13469: 13468:Yitzhak Rabin 13465: 13461: 13457: 13456:Yasser Arafat 13451: 13447: 13443: 13439: 13435: 13431: 13427: 13423: 13419: 13415: 13411: 13407: 13403: 13399: 13395: 13391: 13390:Deng Xiaoping 13387: 13383: 13379: 13375: 13374:Yuri Andropov 13371: 13370:Ronald Reagan 13367: 13363: 13359: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13346:Ronald Reagan 13343: 13339: 13335: 13331: 13330:Deng Xiaoping 13327: 13323: 13319: 13315: 13311: 13310: 13308: 13304: 13295: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13279: 13275: 13271: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13251: 13245: 13241: 13237: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13224:Richard Nixon 13221: 13217: 13213: 13212:Richard Nixon 13209: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13193: 13188: 13184: 13180: 13176: 13171: 13167: 13163: 13159: 13155: 13151: 13147: 13143: 13139: 13135: 13131: 13127: 13123: 13119: 13115: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13098: 13097:Edward Teller 13094: 13090: 13086: 13082: 13078: 13077:Linus Pauling 13074: 13073:Willard Libby 13070: 13066: 13062: 13058: 13054: 13053:George Beadle 13048: 13044: 13040: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13024: 13020: 13016: 13012: 13008: 13004: 13000: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12987:Elizabeth II 12984: 12980: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12969: 12961: 12957: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12937: 12933: 12929: 12925: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12896:Joseph Stalin 12893: 12889: 12885: 12881: 12877: 12873: 12872:Joseph Stalin 12869: 12865: 12861: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12845: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12829: 12825: 12821: 12817: 12813: 12809: 12805: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12788:Owen D. Young 12785: 12781: 12777: 12773: 12769: 12768: 12766: 12762: 12758: 12756: 12748: 12743: 12741: 12736: 12734: 12729: 12728: 12725: 12708: 12704: 12701: 12697: 12695: 12691: 12689: 12685: 12683: 12679: 12677: 12673: 12669: 12667: 12663: 12661: 12657: 12655: 12651: 12647: 12645: 12641: 12640: 12637: 12630: 12626: 12616: 12612: 12609: 12605: 12603: 12599: 12597: 12593: 12591: 12587: 12583: 12581: 12577: 12574: 12570: 12566: 12562: 12558: 12556: 12552: 12550: 12546: 12544: 12540: 12538: 12534: 12532: 12528: 12526: 12522: 12520: 12516: 12514: 12510: 12508: 12504: 12500: 12496: 12492: 12490: 12486: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12460: 12456: 12452: 12450: 12446: 12444: 12440: 12438: 12437:Yasser Arafat 12434: 12433:Yitzhak Rabin 12430: 12428: 12424: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12411: 12407: 12405: 12401: 12399: 12395: 12391: 12389: 12385: 12383: 12379: 12377: 12373: 12369: 12367: 12366:Raúl Alfonsín 12363: 12361: 12357: 12355: 12351: 12349: 12345: 12343: 12339: 12338: 12335: 12328: 12324: 12319: 12311: 12306: 12304: 12299: 12297: 12292: 12291: 12288: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12220: 12216: 12215: 12212: 12205: 12202: 12199: 12196: 12193: 12192:John Harsanyi 12190: 12189: 12187: 12185: 12181: 12174: 12171: 12168: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12160: 12156: 12149: 12146: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12137: 12135: 12131: 12124: 12123:Yitzhak Rabin 12121: 12118: 12115: 12112: 12111:Yasser Arafat 12109: 12108: 12106: 12104: 12100: 12095: 12091: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12075: 12071: 12069: 12065: 12060: 12052: 12047: 12045: 12040: 12038: 12033: 12032: 12029: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11975: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11960: 11956: 11952: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11938: 11934: 11933:Denis Mukwege 11930: 11926: 11923: 11919: 11915: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11901: 11897: 11893: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11875: 11871: 11867: 11864: 11860: 11856: 11853: 11849: 11848:Leymah Gbowee 11845: 11841: 11837: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11823: 11819: 11815: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11801: 11797: 11793: 11789: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11774: 11771: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11756: 11752: 11748: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11734: 11730: 11726: 11723: 11719: 11715: 11711: 11710: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11692: 11689: 11684: 11681: 11680:David Trimble 11677: 11672: 11669: 11668:Jody Williams 11665: 11660: 11657: 11653: 11648: 11645: 11641: 11636: 11633: 11632:Yasser Arafat 11629: 11628:Yitzhak Rabin 11625: 11620: 11617: 11613: 11608: 11605: 11600: 11597: 11592: 11589: 11584: 11581: 11576: 11573: 11568: 11565: 11560: 11557: 11552: 11549: 11544: 11541: 11536: 11533: 11528: 11525: 11521: 11516: 11513: 11508: 11505: 11500: 11497: 11496:Mother Teresa 11492: 11489: 11485: 11480: 11477: 11472: 11469: 11465: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11453: 11446: 11441: 11438: 11434: 11433:Seán MacBride 11429: 11426: 11422: 11420: 11414: 11407: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11382: 11378: 11374: 11371: 11367: 11363: 11359: 11354: 11350: 11345: 11342: 11338: 11334: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11320: 11316: 11311: 11308: 11307:Linus Pauling 11303: 11300: 11295: 11292: 11287: 11284: 11279: 11276: 11271: 11268: 11263: 11256: 11249: 11246: 11241: 11238: 11233: 11230: 11225: 11222: 11217: 11216: 11214: 11210: 11203: 11198: 11195: 11194:John Boyd Orr 11190: 11183: 11180: 11176: 11171: 11168: 11164: 11159: 11156: 11151: 11148: 11143: 11136: 11129: 11122: 11115: 11108: 11105: 11100: 11097: 11092: 11089: 11084: 11081: 11076: 11073: 11068: 11065: 11064:Norman Angell 11060: 11053: 11050: 11046: 11041: 11038: 11033: 11030: 11025: 11018: 11015: 11014:Ludwig Quidde 11011: 11006: 11003: 10999: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10987: 10980: 10979:Charles Dawes 10976: 10971: 10964: 10957: 10954: 10949: 10946: 10942: 10937: 10934: 10929: 10926: 10921: 10914: 10911: 10906: 10899: 10892: 10885: 10882: 10877: 10874: 10869: 10866: 10862: 10857: 10854: 10849: 10846: 10842: 10837: 10834: 10833:Fredrik Bajer 10830: 10825: 10822: 10821:Louis Renault 10818: 10813: 10810: 10805: 10802: 10797: 10794: 10789: 10786: 10785:Randal Cremer 10781: 10778: 10777:Charles Gobat 10774: 10773:Élie Ducommun 10769: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10747: 10743: 10739: 10732: 10727: 10725: 10720: 10718: 10713: 10712: 10709: 10697: 10696:Mahmoud Abbas 10694: 10692: 10691:Yasser Arafat 10689: 10687: 10686:Yahya Hammuda 10684: 10682: 10679: 10678: 10675: 10671: 10664: 10659: 10657: 10652: 10650: 10645: 10644: 10641: 10630: 10620: 10619:Mahmoud Abbas 10617: 10615: 10614:Yasser Arafat 10612: 10611: 10608: 10604: 10597: 10592: 10590: 10585: 10583: 10578: 10577: 10574: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10530: 10526: 10524: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10510: 10504: 10500: 10498: 10494: 10492: 10488: 10486: 10482: 10480: 10476: 10474: 10470: 10466: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10448: 10446: 10442: 10438: 10436: 10432: 10430: 10426: 10422: 10420: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10398: 10394: 10392: 10388: 10386: 10382: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10370: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10353: 10347: 10343: 10341: 10337: 10335: 10331: 10329: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10317: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10300: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10288: 10284: 10280: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10268: 10264: 10260: 10258: 10254: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10242: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10231: 10225: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10213: 10210:1946–47 10209: 10207: 10203: 10201: 10197: 10195: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10177: 10173: 10171: 10167: 10165: 10161: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10149: 10145: 10143: 10139: 10137: 10133: 10131: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10120: 10116: 10108: 10103: 10101: 10096: 10094: 10089: 10088: 10085: 10081: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10058: 10053: 10049: 10048: 10047:Breaking Dawn 10043: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10030: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9980: 9975: 9971: 9970: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9930: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9910: 9909:Autumn Clouds 9905: 9901: 9900: 9895: 9891: 9890: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9869: 9865: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9854: 9846: 9845: 9840: 9836: 9835: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9813: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9771: 9766: 9762: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9738: 9737: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9717: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9690: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9656: 9651: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9614: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9572:Samu incident 9569: 9568: 9566: 9562: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9534: 9531: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9520: 9516: 9509: 9504: 9502: 9497: 9495: 9490: 9489: 9486: 9482: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9459:Former states 9457: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9438:Transnational 9436: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9424:United States 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9380: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9339:Holy War Army 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9310: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9213:Army of Islam 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9174:Organizations 9172: 9166: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9133: 9132:Iraqi Kingdom 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9113:All-Palestine 9111: 9110: 9108: 9102: 9095:Organizations 9094: 9091: 9088: 9087: 9081: 9076: 9074: 9069: 9067: 9062: 9061: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9043: 9038: 9036: 9031: 9029: 9024: 9023: 9020: 9010: 9009: 8998: 8992: 8989: 8985: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8954: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8904: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8885: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8839: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8827: 8823: 8821: 8820: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8802:Mahmoud Abbas 8800: 8798: 8797:Yasser Arafat 8795: 8794: 8792: 8788: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8773: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8751: 8746: 8744: 8739: 8737: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8722: 8718: 8717:Yasser Arafat 8713: 8709: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8696: 8695: 8690: 8689:Yasser Arafat 8687: 8685: 8684: 8679: 8678:Yasser Arafat 8676: 8674: 8670: 8669:Yasser Arafat 8667: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8655: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8641: 8638: 8635: 8630: 8629:Yasser Arafat 8627: 8626: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8602: 8598: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8579:9780826414137 8575: 8571: 8567: 8566:Sela, Avraham 8563: 8559: 8553: 8549: 8548: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8520: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8491: 8487: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8471: 8470:Karsh, Efraim 8467: 8463: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8411: 8407: 8402: 8401: 8395: 8391: 8390: 8385: 8381: 8379: 8375: 8365: 8360: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8325: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8274: 8267: 8252: 8248: 8241: 8225: 8218: 8202: 8195: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8153: 8146: 8144: 8128: 8127: 8122: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8085: 8069: 8062: 8046: 8045: 8040: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7968: 7961: 7946:. 3 July 2012 7945: 7941: 7935: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7907: 7890: 7883: 7881: 7864: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7848: 7832: 7828: 7822: 7806: 7802: 7796: 7788: 7782: 7778: 7773: 7772: 7763: 7747: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7680: 7673: 7671: 7654: 7650: 7643: 7641: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7609: 7592: 7588: 7582: 7566: 7562: 7556: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7525: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7458: 7454: 7447: 7431: 7427: 7420: 7405: 7404: 7399: 7392: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7361: 7345: 7341: 7334: 7318: 7314: 7309: 7302: 7287: 7283: 7276: 7274: 7257: 7253: 7247: 7228: 7222: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7199: 7183: 7179: 7173: 7158: 7154: 7147: 7132: 7128: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7077: 7073: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7019: 7015: 7009: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6970: 6964: 6957: 6951: 6935: 6931: 6925: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6875: 6871: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6828: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6785: 6781: 6780: 6775: 6769: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6731: 6727: 6720: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6686: 6670: 6666: 6659: 6643: 6637: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6606: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6575: 6560: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6541:1-85743-255-X 6538: 6532: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6460: 6456: 6449: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6425:Bowen, Jeremy 6420: 6413: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6393: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6351: 6347: 6346: 6341: 6334: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6312: 6308: 6303: 6297: 6293: 6288: 6286: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6194: 6187: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6158: 6154: 6148: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6066: 6062: 6055: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6009: 6005: 5998: 5991: 5988: 5983: 5975: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5949: 5945: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5905: 5888: 5882: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5848: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5832: 5826: 5825:Carter, James 5820: 5818: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5767: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5751: 5744:. p. 77. 5743: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5712:Younan, Munib 5707: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5678: 5671: 5665: 5657: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5629: 5623: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5542: 5538: 5532: 5517:on 9 May 2006 5516: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5494: 5490: 5489:Chomsky, Noam 5484: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5413: 5409: 5402: 5398: 5391: 5385: 5380: 5372: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5356: 5347: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5318: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5291:Chomsky, Noam 5286: 5278: 5276:9781475906721 5272: 5268: 5267: 5259: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5200: 5196: 5189: 5181: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5155: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5086: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5059: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4953: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4932:Morris, Benny 4927: 4911: 4907: 4900: 4892: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4799: 4797:0-7146-5392-6 4793: 4789: 4782: 4774: 4767: 4751: 4745: 4743: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4654:. Cambridge: 4652: 4651: 4642: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4587: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4531: 4529:9781439894736 4525: 4522:. CRC Press. 4521: 4520: 4512: 4497: 4495:9781851098422 4491: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4476: 4467: 4460: 4452: 4445: 4427: 4423: 4416: 4408: 4402: 4398: 4391: 4375: 4374:The Telegraph 4371: 4365: 4349: 4345: 4337: 4322: 4320:9781429944472 4316: 4313:. Macmillan. 4312: 4311: 4303: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4262: 4260:9781583404416 4256: 4252: 4251: 4243: 4235: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4141: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4120:Oren, Michael 4115: 4107: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4079: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4034:Tried by Fire 4031: 4025: 4017: 4011: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3991: 3984:. p. 64. 3983: 3976: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3880: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3837: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3796: 3789: 3773: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3650: 3649:Yasser Arafat 3643: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3615:Andrew Gowers 3610: 3595: 3591: 3584: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3550: 3549: 3541: 3533: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3514: 3498: 3492: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3388: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3339: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3320: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3288:, p. 272 3287: 3283: 3279: 3278:Helena Cobban 3274: 3270: 3255: 3241: 3233: 3221: 3216: 3207: 3206:Yāsir ʿArafāt 3201: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3178: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3135: 3106: 3102: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3058: 3055: 3044: 3041: 3030: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2917: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2895:Mahmoud Abbas 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2840:Sayed Tantawi 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2806: 2801: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2563: 2561: 2560:Mahmoud Abbas 2557: 2553: 2549: 2548:Ahmad Sa'adat 2544: 2542: 2531: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2337:In mid-1996, 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2299:Samiha Khalil 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2267:Jibril Rajoub 2264: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2177:, along with 2176: 2172: 2171:Yitzhak Rabin 2167: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2119:Yitzhak Rabin 2116: 2106: 2096: 2094: 2093:Libyan Desert 2090: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2070:Prior to the 2068: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2016:burning tires 2013: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1928:—to exile in 1927: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1898: 1895:, days after 1894: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871:Tel Aviv-Yafo 1868: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1851:George Habash 1848: 1843: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820:Lebanese Army 1816: 1812: 1808: 1807:Lebanese Army 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1574: 1571:, founder of 1570: 1565: 1559: 1554: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1383:Yahya Hammuda 1380: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1349:Golan Heights 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267:Yahya Hammuda 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220:George Habash 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1187:administered 1186: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153:Mezzeh Prison 1149: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114:Mahmoud Abbas 1111: 1107: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1086:Islamic times 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1008:Rise of Fatah 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 986:nom de guerre 982: 981:Hosni Mubarak 978: 973: 971: 967: 957: 955: 951: 947: 940:Personal life 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 918:King Farouk I 916:overthrowing 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 871: 869: 865: 861: 858:, for use by 857: 853: 849: 848:Theodor Herzl 845: 835: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 789: 784: 775: 773: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 739:Yitzhak Rabin 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 705:and sought a 704: 700: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 603: 599: 598:Yasser Arafat 588: 583: 581: 576: 574: 569: 568: 566: 565: 562: 561: 560:Media gallery 554: 550: 549: 547: 545: 537: 534: 533: 530: 527: 526: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 495: 494: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 443: 442: 438: 437: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 417: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 394: 391: 388: 387: 385: 383: 376: 375: 371: 370: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 351: 350: 341: 339:Yasser Arafat 326: 323: 319: 318: 315: 314: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 283: 280: 276: 273: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 236: 231: 227: 224: 221: 217: 214: 211: 209:Resting place 207: 203: 194: 190: 172: 168: 163: 159: 156: 155:Mahmoud Abbas 153: 147: 144: 143:Yahya Hammuda 141: 135: 129: 124: 121: 116: 112: 111:Rawhi Fattouh 109: 103: 97: 94: 92: 91:Mahmoud Abbas 89: 88: 86: 80: 74: 69: 66: 61: 57: 50: 45: 36: 32:Yasser Arafat 29: 26: 22: 14618:Pan-Islamism 14496: 14489: 14482: 14382:Ba'ath Party 14259:Ameen Rihani 14123: 14119:Jassem Alwan 14114:Michel Aflaq 13970:Algerian War 13896:Iraqi Revolt 13785:Taylor Swift 13733: 13700:Donald Trump 13679:Kent Brantly 13666:Pope Francis 13658:Barack Obama 13634:Ben Bernanke 13626:Barack Obama 13540:2001–present 13509:Bill Clinton 13501:Andrew Grove 13455: 13446:Bill Clinton 13362:The Computer 13314:Jimmy Carter 13290:Carol Sutton 13258:Alison Cheek 13204:Willy Brandt 13183:Frank Borman 13089:Emilio Segrè 12864:Adolf Hitler 12804:Pierre Laval 12754: 12676:Khan Academy 12596:Bill Drayton 12571:(Mali), and 12567:(Tanzania), 12503:Chiaki Mukai 12473:Graça Machel 12443:Mário Soares 12436: 12249: 12117:Shimon Peres 12110: 12094:Kenzaburō Ōe 12014: 11991: / 11987: / 11972: / 11935: / 11887: / 11850: / 11846: / 11822:Barack Obama 11798: / 11783: / 11781:Grameen Bank 11768: / 11744:Shirin Ebadi 11733:Jimmy Carter 11720: / 11706:2001–present 11696:Kim Dae-jung 11678: / 11666: / 11654: / 11642: / 11631: 11630: / 11626: / 11624:Shimon Peres 11614: / 11540:Desmond Tutu 11522: / 11486: / 11466: / 11435: / 11423: / 11417: 11403:Willy Brandt 11317: / 11275:Georges Pire 11221:Léon Jouhaux 11202:Ralph Bunche 11177: / 11165: / 11155:Cordell Hull 11096:Robert Cecil 11047: / 11012: / 11000: / 10977: / 10943: / 10865:Alfred Fried 10863: / 10861:Tobias Asser 10843: / 10831: / 10819: / 10775: / 10763: / 10761:Henry Dunant 10690: 10613: 10471: / 10461: / 10457: / 10453: / 10443: / 10427: / 10405: / 10377: / 10369:Oslo Accords 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Khan 12543:Simone Veil 12495:Pedro Duque 12465:Emma Bonino 12449:Helmut Kohl 12388:Óscar Arias 12113:(Palestine) 12059:Nobel Prize 11970:Maria Ressa 11937:Nadia Murad 11652:Carlos Belo 11564:Óscar Arias 11556:Elie Wiesel 11532:Lech Wałęsa 11520:Alva Myrdal 11484:Anwar Sadat 11437:Eisaku Satō 11370:René Cassin 11163:Emily Balch 11045:Jane Addams 10419:Taba Summit 10188:White Paper 10068:(2023–2024) 9998:(2015–2016) 9946:(2008–2009) 9938:(2007–2008) 9918:Lebanon War 9866:(2000–2005) 9781:(1987–1993) 9745:Lebanon War 9658:(1972–1979) 9606:(1968–1982) 9590:(1967–1970) 9580:Six-Day War 9553:Suez Crisis 9547:(1949–1956) 9539:(1948–1949) 9409:North Korea 9203:Arab League 9092:Authorities 8897:Six-Day War 8858:Fatah Hawks 8819:Falastinuna 8700:‹ The 8660:Appearances 8184:12 February 8104:14 November 7950:12 February 7895:12 February 7811:15 November 7655:(in French) 7381:21 December 6940:8 September 6896:Hass, Amira 6879:12 February 6874:cbsnews.com 6817:12 February 6811:cbsnews.com 6790:12 February 6736:12 February 6730:cbsnews.com 6709:12 February 6675:12 February 6669:cbsnews.com 6648:12 February 6626:12 February 6324:, pp. 6256:Beyer, Lisa 6242:, pp. 6087:, pp. 5946:, pp. 5596:, pp. 5563:Lord Mayhew 5417:12 February 5250:, pp. 5160:Frum, David 5067:, pp. 4998:, pp. 4840:, pp. 4733:, pp. 4573:3 September 4166:, pp. 3947:, pp. 3932:, pp. 3871:, pp. 3826:11 February 3754:, pp. 3679:, pp. 3362:5 September 3309:12 February 3286:Cobban 1984 3254:ʾAbū ʿAmmār 3109:Pronounced 2897:unveiled a 2891:Islamic law 2883:Saeb Erekat 2861:in Ramallah 2813:French Army 2773:hemorrhagic 2699:assassinate 2642:Dennis Ross 2568:Gush Shalom 2503:statehood. 2408:Taba summit 2385:Labor Party 2325:(left) and 2205:Ahmed Qurei 1853:(right) in 1780:Phalangists 1537:Salah Jadid 1529:Munib Masri 1462:martial law 1319:(PFLP) and 1309:Arab people 1205:Six-Day War 1173:Salah Jadid 1157:Yusef Urabi 1137:Arab League 1120:and Syria. 1019:Suez Crisis 977:Anwar Sadat 954:war orphans 922:Suez Crisis 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Strip 998:companions 970:al-Husayni 946:Suha Tawil 870:militias. 860:irregulars 778:Early life 498:Presidency 355:Early life 278:Profession 267:Alma mater 181:1929-08-24 40:ياسر عرفات 14509:Symbolism 13853:Nasserism 13848:Ba'athism 13765:Elon Musk 13753:Joe Biden 13513:Ken Starr 13306:1976–2000 12971:1951–1975 12764:1927–1950 12644:Knowledge 12206:(Germany) 12068:Chemistry 12061:laureates 11676:John Hume 11455:1976–2000 11212:1951–1975 11167:John Mott 10989:1926–1950 10749:1901–1925 10738:Laureates 10355:1991–2016 10334:Fahd Plan 10233:1948–1983 9856:2000–2021 9719:1980–1999 9564:1960–1979 9522:1947–1959 9298:as-Sa'iqa 9238:Hezbollah 9188:Abu Nidal 9089:Countries 8887:Conflicts 8374:Booknotes 7991:0140-6736 7535:USA Today 6704:0362-4331 6322:Hart 1989 6307:Hart 1989 6292:Hart 1989 6274:24 August 6163:24 August 5547:25 August 5521:25 August 5473:9 October 5443:9 October 4631:24 August 4563:0040-781X 3619:Alan Hart 3432:President 3377:Hart 1989 3222:(Arabic: 3200:romanized 2899:mausoleum 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1770:and the 1704:Idi Amin 1517:Abu Iyad 1411:leader, 1337:attacked 1191:town of 1145:Lebanese 1043:fedayeen 994:Muhammad 966:Al-Qudwa 930:keffiyeh 866:and the 832:Old City 809:Egyptian 729:and the 300:Nickname 258:Children 14297:Al-Awda 13872:History 13726:Wa Lone 12575:(Ghana) 12555:Al Gore 12412:(UNHCR) 12134:Physics 12096:(Japan) 11796:Al Gore 10740:of the 10514:present 10413:Isratin 9928:(2006–) 9874:(2001–) 9689:Entebbe 9655:Bayonet 9404:Morocco 9359:Palmach 9334:Haganah 9288:PFLP-GC 8957:Schisms 8841:Defunct 8790:Leaders 8769:History 8704:below ( 8342:17 June 8336:Reuters 8314:17 June 8288:17 June 8256:17 June 8230:17 June 8207:17 June 8178:Haaretz 8158:17 June 8132:17 June 8126:Reuters 8074:17 June 8051:17 June 7924:17 June 7837:17 June 7752:17 June 7685:17 June 7659:17 June 7629:17 June 7624:Haaretz 7597:17 June 7571:17 June 7514:21 July 7488:17 June 7436:17 June 7409:17 June 7350:15 July 7323:17 June 7291:17 June 7236:17 June 7188:17 June 7162:17 June 7157:Haaretz 7136:17 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