Nobel Prize in Literature

1042: 332:, a working group within the Academy comprising four to five members. By April, the committee narrows the field to around 20 candidates. By May, a shortlist of five names is approved by the Academy. The next four months are spent reading and reviewing the works of the five candidates. In October, members of the Academy vote, and the candidate who receives more than half of the votes is named the Nobel laureate in Literature. No one can get the prize without being on the list at least twice; thus, many authors reappear and are reviewed repeatedly over the years. The academicians read works in their original language, but when a candidate is shortlisted from a language that no member masters, they call on translators and oath-sworn experts to provide samples of that writer's work. Other elements of the process are similar to those of other Nobel Prizes. The Swedish Academy is composed of 18 members who are elected for life and, until 2018, not technically permitted to leave. On 2 May 2018, 231: 1381:

withdrawals to five. Because two other seats were still vacant from the Rushdie affair, this left only 11 active members, one short of the quorum needed to vote in replacements. On 4 May 2018, the Swedish Academy announced that the selection would be postponed until 2019, when two laureates would be chosen. It was still technically possible to choose a 2018 laureate, as only eight active members are required to choose a recipient. However, there were concerns that the academy was not in any condition to credibly present the award. The

2142:

confers the prizes for physics, chemistry, and economics, the Karolinska Institute confers the prize for physiology or medicine, and the Swedish Academy confers the prize for literature. The Norwegian Nobel Committee based in Oslo confers the prize for peace. The Nobel Foundation is the legal owner and functional administrator of the funds and serves as the joint administrative body of the prize-awarding institutions, but it is not concerned with the prize deliberations or decisions, which rest exclusively with the four institutions.

6687: 3211:. 'For the last 10 years he has been more angry and vituperative, and that cannot have failed to be noticed.' However, Mr Jenkins insists that, though Pinter's political views may have been a factor, the award is more than justified on artistic criteria alone. 'His dramatic and literary achievement is head and shoulders above any other British writer. He is far and away the most interesting, the best, the most powerful and most original of English playwrights.' 1077:, rejected this sentiment ("In most language areas ... there are authors that really deserve and could get the Nobel Prize and that goes for the United States and the Americas, as well") and acknowledged the Eurocentric nature of the award, saying that, "I think that is a problem. We tend to relate more easily to literature written in Europe and in the European tradition." American critics are known to object that those from their own country, like 1469:. The journalist Hephzibah Anderson has noted that the International Booker Prize "is fast becoming the more significant award, appearing an ever more competent alternative to the Nobel". However, since 2016, the International Booker Prize now recognises an annual book of fiction translated into English. Previous winners of the International Booker Prize who have gone on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature include 1432:"The scandal has elements of a tragedy, in which people who set out to serve literature and culture discovered they were only pandering to writers and the people who hang around with them. The pursuit of excellence in art was entangled with the pursuit of social prestige. The academy behaved as if the meals in its clubhouse were as much an accomplishment as the work that got people elected there." 1373:, the board secretary, hired a law firm to investigate if Frostenson had leaked confidential information and if Arnault had any influence on the Academy, but no legal action was taken. The investigation caused a split within the Academy. Following a vote to exclude board member Frostenson, the three members resigned in protest over the decisions by the Academy. Two former permanent secretaries, 41: 4528: 1477:. The Neustadt International Prize for Literature is regarded as one of the most prestigious international literary prizes, often referred to as the American equivalent of the Nobel Prize. Like the Nobel Prize, it is awarded not for any one work but for an entire body of work. It is frequently seen as an indicator of who may be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 1500:(formerly Prince of Asturias Award) in Letters. During the first years of its existence, it was almost exclusively awarded to writers in the Spanish language, but in more recent times, writers in other languages have been awarded as well. Writers who have won both the Asturias Award in Letters and the Nobel Prize in Literature include 1369:. Arnault was accused by at least 18 women of sexual assault and harassment. He and his wife were also accused of leaking the names of prize recipients on at least seven occasions so friends could profit from bets. He denied all accusations, although he was later convicted of rape and sentenced to two years and six months in prison. 1262:, a member of the Nobel Prize committee and author of the history of the prize, claimed that Joyce's "stature was not properly recognized even in the English-speaking world," but that Joyce doubtless would have been awarded if he had lived in the late 1940s when the Academy began to award literary pioneers like 941:. The club is the Non-Winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature. All these authentically great writers, still alive when the prize, initiated in 1901, was being awarded, didn't win it." Other notable names from the non-western canon who were ignored despite being nominated several times for the prize include 1323:

Membership in the 18-member academy, who select the recipients, is technically for life. Until 2018, members were not allowed to leave, although they might refuse to participate. For members who did not participate, their board seat was left vacant until they died. Twelve active/participating members

793:

What about the rumours circling around the world about certain people being nominated for the Nobel Prize this year? – Well, either it's just a rumour, or someone among the invited nominators has leaked information. Since the nominations are kept secret for 50 years, you'll have to wait until then to

323:

sends out requests for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates, and the presidents of writers' organisations are all allowed to nominate

336:

amended the rules of the academy and made it possible for members to resign. The new rules also mention that a member who has been inactive in the work of the academy for more than two years can be asked to resign. The members of the Nobel committee are elected for a period of three years from among

291:

The members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee that were to award the Peace Prize were appointed shortly after the will was approved. The prize-awarding organisations followed: the Karolinska Institutet on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 11 June. The

1440:

said a reform of the rules may be evaluated, including the introduction of the right to resign in respect of the current lifelong membership of the committee. On 5 March 2019, it was announced that the Nobel Prize in Literature would once again be awarded, and laureates for both 2018 and 2019 would

3206:

undoubtedly make him one of the more controversial figures to be awarded this prestigious honour. Indeed, the Nobel academy's decision could be read in some quarters as a selection with an inescapably political element. 'There is the view that the Nobel literature prize often goes to someone whose

1214:

ascribed the never-ending controversy surrounding the decisions of the Nobel Committee to the "essential silliness of the prize and our own foolishness at taking it seriously" and noted that "eighteen (or sixteen) Swedish nationals will have a certain credibility when weighing up works of Swedish

697:

in 1917 were, in fact, both results of compromises. The Academy has also hesitated to divide the prize between two authors, as a shared prize runs the risk of being regarded as only half a laurel. Shared prizes are exceptional, and more recently, the Academy has awarded a shared prize on only two

375:

1,100,000), previously it was kr 10,000,000. This was not the first time the prize amount was decreased—beginning with a nominal value of kr 150,782 in 1901 (worth 8,123,951 in 2011 SKr) the nominal value has been as low as kr 121,333 (2,370,660 in 2011 SKr) in 1945—but it has been

2564:

Each Nobel Prize consists of a gold medal, a diploma bearing a citation, and a sum of money, the amount of which depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation. (A sum of $ 1,300,000 accompanied each prize in 2005.) A Nobel Prize is either given entirely to one person, divided equally between two

2141:

After Nobel's death, the Nobel Foundation was set up to carry out the provisions of his will and to administer his funds. In his will, he had stipulated that four different institutions—three Swedish and one Norwegian—should award the prizes. From Stockholm, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

1565:

is sometimes referred to as "the Little Nobel". The award has earned this appellation since, in a similar manner to the Nobel Prize in Literature, it recognises the lifetime achievement of writers, though the Andersen Award focuses on a single category of literary works (children's literature).

900:

Although the Nobel Prize in Literature has become the world's most prestigious literature prize, the Swedish Academy has attracted significant criticism for its handling of the award. Many authors who have won the prize have fallen into obscurity, while others rejected by the jury remain widely

489:

The Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded 116 times between 1901 and 2023 to 120 individuals: 103 men and 17 women. The prize has been shared between two individuals on four occasions. It was not awarded on seven occasions. The laureates have included writers in 25 different languages. The

327:

Between the years 1901 and 1950, around 20 to 35 nominations were usually received each year. Today thousands of requests are sent out each year, and as of 2011 about 220 proposals were returned. These proposals must be received by the Academy by 1 February, after which they are examined by the

1380:

On 10 April, Danius was asked to resign from her position by the Academy, bringing the number of empty seats to four. Although the Academy voted against removing Katarina Frostenson from the committee, she voluntarily agreed to withdraw from participating in the academy, bringing the total of

219: 965:, perhaps available only in French, and another who writes in Afrikaans but is published in German and Dutch...". As of 2021, 16 of the 118 recipients have been of Scandinavian origin. The Academy has often been alleged to be biased towards European, and in particular Swedish, authors. 268:

or medicine, and literature. Although Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and it was signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million

344:. In the midst of controversy surrounding claims of sexual assault, conflict of interest, and resignations by officials, on 4 May 2018, the Swedish Academy announced that the 2018 laureate would be announced in 2019 along with the 2019 laureate. Some years, such as in 667:

have been awarded, but the policy of "a prize for the whole world" has been less noticeable as the Academy has mostly awarded European and English-language writers from the Western literary tradition. In 2015, a rare prize to a non-fiction writer was awarded to

364:, and a sum of money. The amount of money awarded depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation that year. The literature prize can be shared between two, but not three, laureates. If a prize is awarded jointly, the prize money is split equally between them. 226:(1839–1907) was the first person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection, and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect." 3197:

Few people would deny Harold Pinter is a worthy recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature. As a poet, screenwriter and author of more than 30 plays, he has dominated the English literary scene for half a century. However, his outspoken criticism of US

1070:, then the permanent secretary of the Academy, declared that "Europe still is the centre of the literary world" and that "the US is too isolated, too insular. They don't translate enough and don't really participate in the big dialogue of literature." 1142:"So no American this year, yet again. Why is that?", Englund reminded Americans of the Canadian origins of the previous year's recipient, the Academy's desire for literary quality and the impossibility of rewarding everyone who deserves the prize. 603:. During this era, "the greatest benefit on mankind" was interpreted in a more exclusive and generous way than before. Since the 1970s, the Academy has often given attention to important but internationally unnoticed writers, awarding writers like 680:

The Nobel Prize in Literature can be shared between two individuals. However, the Academy has been reluctant to award shared prizes, mainly because divisions are liable to be interpreted as a result of a compromise. The shared prizes awarded to

4064: 1124:, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy Peter Englund said the prize was not decided based on politics, describing such a notion as "literature for dummies." The Swedish Academy awarded the next two prizes to non-Europeans, Chinese author 4897: 1226:, were repeatedly bypassed by the committee, but Strindberg holds the singular distinction of being awarded an Anti-Nobel Prize, conferred by popular acclaim and national subscription and presented to him in 1912 by future prime minister 546:

Alfred Nobel's guidelines for the prize, stating that the candidate should have bestowed "the greatest benefit on mankind" and written "in an idealistic direction," have sparked much discussion. In the early history of the prize, Nobel's

474:. Each diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureate who receives it. The diploma contains a picture and text that states the name of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received the prize. 567:, there was a policy of neutrality, which partly explains the number of awards to Scandinavian writers. In the 1920s, "idealistic direction" was interpreted more generously as "wide-hearted humanity," leading to awards for writers like 4948: 4872: 1441:

be announced together. The decision came after several changes were made to the structure of the Swedish Academy as well as to the Nobel Committee members selection, in order to " trust in the Academy as a prize-awarding institution".

2697: 788:

Nominations are kept secret for fifty years until they are publicly available at The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Currently, only nominations submitted between 1901 and 1973 are available for public viewing.

804:

Nominated candidates are usually considered by the Nobel committee for years, but it has happened on a number of occasions that an author have been instantly awarded after just one nomination. Apart from the first laureate in 1901,

209:

established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions, the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018.

4120: 4199: 4892: 1291:

but was rejected several times, especially in 1954 and 1955, "so long as he does not come back to novel." Thus, Camus was awarded the prize in 1957. Malraux was again considered in 1969 when he was competing with

1279:

was nominated for the prize twenty-six times between the years 1950 and 1971. Greene was a celebrated candidate to be awarded the prize in the 1960s and 1970s, and the Academy was criticised for passing him over.

4877: 1302:

was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature nineteen times between 1961 and 1971, and was among the final candidates for the prize several times, but the Academy favoured other writers. In 1964 Auden and

1057:

in particular, has been the subject of criticism, even from Swedish newspapers. The majority of laureates have been European, with Sweden itself receiving more prizes (8) than all of Asia (7, if Turkish

622:

From 1986, the Academy acknowledged the international horizon in Nobel's will, which rejected any consideration of the nationality of the candidates, and awarded authors from all over the world, such as

4056: 4000: 848:

Former recipients of the Nobel Prize in Literature are allowed to nominate their candidates for the prize and sometimes their proposals have subsequently been awarded the prize. The 1912 laureate

3715: 3906: 3367: 1558:(1994 Cervantes, 2010 Nobel); and Camilo José Cela (1995 Cervantes, 1989 Nobel). José Saramago is the only author to receive both the Camões Prize (1995) and the Nobel Prize (1998) to date. 4218: 4142: 3403:. Retrieved 6 October 2011. "Before Thursday's announcement, there had also been much speculation that the committee would choose to honour the Syrian poet Adonis in a gesture towards the 3607: 280:

198 million, €176 million in 2016), to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes. Due to the level of scepticism surrounding the will, it was not until 26 April 1897 that the

4169: 722:

Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature are awarded for the author's life work, but on some occasions, the Academy has singled out a specific work for particular recognition. For example,

5163: 1210:

poetry were revealed above all in the unpublished poems that his wife saved from extinction and gave to the world long after he had perished in his Siberian exile." British novelist

3689: 530:

was elected a member of the Swedish Academy in 1914, five years after she was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1909. Three writers have declined the prize, Erik Axel Karlfeldt in 1919,

4110: 3646: 2467: 4191: 1041: 1307:

were the leading candidates, and the Academy favoured Sartre as Auden's best work was thought "too far back in time." In 1967 Auden was one of three final candidates along with

300:. According to Nobel's will, the prize in literature should be determined by "the Academy in Stockholm", which was specified by the statutes of the Nobel Foundation to mean the 3939: 1778: 5051: 4978: 4917: 2249: 551:" was read as "a lofty and sound idealism." The set of criteria, characterised by its conservative idealism, holding church, state, and family sacred, resulted in prizes for 2352: 2565:

persons, or shared by three persons. In the latter case, each of the three persons can receive a one-third share of the prize or two together can receive a one-half share.

2311: 4575: 3970: 1215:

literature, but what group could ever really get its mind round the infinitely varied work of scores of different traditions. And why should we ask them to do that?"

5041: 5001: 4966: 3804: 3428: 3127: 2581: 1909: 4961: 3488: 756:

in 1937 "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle

4351: 4249: 1449:

The Nobel Prize in Literature is not the only literary prize for which all nationalities are eligible. Other notable international literary prizes include the

1105:, previously little-known outside Germany but many times named favourite for the Nobel Prize, re-ignited the viewpoint that the Swedish Academy was biased and 413:. The reverse of the medal depicts a 'young man sitting under a laurel tree who, enchanted, listens to and writes down the song of the Muse'. It is inscribed " 1349:, decided to remain in the academy but later refused to participate in their work and resigned in 2005 in protest of the Nobel Prize in Literature awarded to 4547: 2814: 2163: 3992: 3874: 340:

The award is usually announced in October. Sometimes, however, the award has been announced the year after the nominal year, the latest such case being the

3458: 2544: 2383: 5204: 4087: 3407:. But Mr England (sic) dismissed the notion that there was a political dimension to the prize; such an approach, he said, was "literature for dummies"." 252:

stipulated in his last will and testament that his money be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in

4953: 4681: 3157: 3096: 1965: 1581: 313: 3712: 3025: 1273:

was nominated for the prize several times, but the Academy did not award it to him, though he was among the final candidates some years in the 1960s.

534:

in 1958 ("Accepted first, later caused by the authorities of his country (Soviet Union) to decline the Prize", according to the Nobel Foundation) and

5036: 4943: 4864: 4595: 3896: 3359: 2732: 2520: 3738: 2959: 2834: 3669: 2933: 2907: 2877: 1493:(1990 Neustadt, 2011 Nobel) were first awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature before being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 4331: 4307: 2409: 292:

Nobel Foundation then reached an agreement on guidelines for how the Nobel Prize should be awarded. In 1900, the Nobel Foundation's newly created

5046: 4973: 4728: 4214: 3392: 2770: 198:). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The 4843: 2639: 2071: 384: 1838: 1671: 4778: 4713: 4698: 4676: 4161: 4033: 3603: 2705: 4280: 4828: 2989: 2121: 348:, no candidate received the required majority of the votes, and for that reason, the prize was postponed and announced the following year. 3829: 2210: 5029: 4927: 4718: 3686: 1707: 1450: 1389:

or the Swedish Academy, was created as an alternative award for 2018 only. The first and only New Academy Prize in Literature was won by

3848: 3643: 3281: 5117: 5105: 4763: 4753: 2607: 2493: 976:'s interpretation has varied over the years. In recent years, this means a kind of idealism championing human rights on a broad scale. 2463: 2275: 6722: 4887: 4497: 4424: 3929: 2041: 1766: 1178:." There are omissions which are beyond the control of the Nobel Committee such as the early death of an author as was the case with 1645: 2246: 3336: 3184: 2344: 1868: 5197: 4922: 2792: 2321: 1944: 6717: 4640: 4451: 4408: 186:

that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist

3538: 5213: 5158: 4580: 4517: 3575: 3548: 3521: 3234: 3064: 2009: 1576: 1361:

In April 2018, three members of the academy board resigned in response to a sexual misconduct investigation involving author

1254: 483: 20: 3962: 2855: 2015: 1738: 1550:(for Portuguese language, established in 1989). Nobel laureates who were also awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize include 4650: 4570: 968:

Nobel's "vague" wording for the criteria for the prize has led to recurrent controversy. In the original Swedish, the word

4399: 3418: 2180: 4882: 4585: 3794: 2577: 1812: 1353:. According to Ahnlund, the decision to award Jelinek ruined the worth of the Nobel Prize in Literature for a long time. 579:. In the 1930s, "the greatest benefit on mankind" was interpreted as writers within everybody's reach, with authors like 1917: 6707: 5190: 4848: 4813: 4663: 4590: 3119: 1236:

was nominated twelve times between 1930 and 1945 but died just as the Academy intended to award him the prize in 1945.

2440: 5090: 4838: 4758: 4723: 4625: 4241: 3565: 3484: 3265: 2664: 1150:

In the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature, many critical literary figures were ignored. The literary historian

4355: 3511: 2096: 4823: 4414: 2811: 2160: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4768: 4738: 4708: 4693: 4671: 4615: 3866: 3454: 2541: 1961: 1382: 953:

in literary disguise", whose judges are prejudiced against authors with political tastes different from theirs.

905:, Joseph Epstein wrote, "You might not know it, but you and I are members of a club whose fellow members include 288:

and Rudolf Lilljequist, who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organise the prizes.

3570:. Lincoln, Neb.: Univ. of Nebraska Press in cooperation with the American-Scandinavian Foundation. p. 271. 994:, assessed the literary quality of a work in relation to its contribution to humanity's pursuit of the "ideal." 985: 6659: 6648: 6637: 6626: 6604: 6593: 6582: 6571: 6560: 6549: 6538: 6527: 6516: 6505: 6494: 6483: 6472: 6461: 6450: 6439: 6428: 6417: 6406: 6395: 6373: 6362: 6351: 6340: 6329: 6318: 6307: 6296: 6285: 6274: 6263: 6252: 6241: 6230: 6219: 6208: 6197: 6186: 6175: 6164: 6142: 6131: 6120: 6109: 6098: 6087: 6072: 6061: 6050: 6039: 6028: 6017: 6006: 5995: 5980: 5969: 5957: 5946: 5935: 5924: 5902: 5891: 5880: 5869: 5858: 5847: 5836: 5825: 5814: 5803: 5792: 5781: 5770: 5759: 5748: 5737: 5726: 5718: 5709: 5700: 5680: 5668: 5657: 5646: 5635: 5627: 5615: 5604: 5593: 5577: 5566: 5555: 5544: 5533: 5522: 5511: 5500: 5489: 5478: 5467: 5445: 5434: 5426: 5410: 5399: 5388: 5380: 5368: 5357: 5346: 5335: 5324: 5313: 5302: 5291: 5280: 5265: 5254: 5243: 5232: 5153: 5095: 4773: 4748: 4743: 4703: 4645: 4635: 4630: 2375: 1243: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 345: 341: 153: 144: 135: 4079: 3306: 5085: 4803: 4798: 4688: 4620: 3208: 1562: 973: 435:. A plate below the figures is inscribed with the name of the recipient. The text "ACAD. SUEC." denoting the 329: 3153: 3088: 1154:

admitted that "as to the early prizes, the censure of bad choices and blatant omissions is often justified.

587:

receiving recognition. From 1946, a renewed Academy changed focus and began to award literary pioneers like

5019: 5006: 3015: 2258: 1611: 1466: 1437: 2831: 2740: 2516: 1296:

for the prize. Some members of the Nobel committee supported a prize to Malraux, but Beckett was awarded.

1120:

in South America, a generally well-regarded decision. When the 2011 prize was awarded to the Swedish poet

367:

The prize money of the Nobel Prize has been fluctuating since its inauguration but as of 2012 it stood at

6179: 5100: 3735: 3513:

Modernism in European drama : Ibsen, Strindberg, Pirandello, Beckett : essays from Modern drama

2955: 2881: 1520: 1478: 3666: 2929: 2903: 1542:

There are also prizes for honouring the lifetime achievement of writers in specific languages, like the

742:, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"; 6677: 5672: 5258: 4444: 4328: 4303: 3389: 2405: 1497: 1462: 1418:

The scandal was widely seen as damaging to the credibility of the prize and its authority. As noted by

552: 2553: 2130: 1218:

Although several Scandinavians were awarded, two of the most celebrated writers, Norwegian playwright

5133: 5110: 2766: 2632: 2063: 1543: 3207:

political stance is found to be sympathetic at a given moment,' said Alan Jenkins, deputy editor of

1834: 1667: 799:

in Nomination FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions about the Nomination and Selection of Nobel Laureates

6727: 4492: 4471: 4411:– Featured link in "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies" on the official site of the Nobel Foundation. 1637: 946: 5999: 4023: 1312: 1101:, while in their place Europeans lesser-known to that continent have triumphed. The 2009 award to 5862: 5317: 4554: 4536: 3423: 3020: 1601: 1596: 1586: 1171: 1138: 777: 768: 494:, who was 41 years old when he was awarded in 1907. The oldest laureate to receive the prize was 4272: 2118: 1539:

are the only writers to have received both the America Award and the Nobel Prize in Literature.

991: 419:" ("It is beneficial to have improved (human) life through discovered arts"), an adaptation of " 396: 6032: 5504: 4512: 3826: 2206: 1997: 3224: 1699: 6124: 5414: 5403: 5269: 5182: 4437: 3845: 3767: 3278: 3203: 3056: 2489: 1419: 1199: 957:

has expressed skepticism that it is possible for "Swedish professors ... compar a poet from

853: 604: 511: 6476: 6333: 4395: 2603: 6712: 5650: 4380: 2316: 2279: 1641: 1405: 881: 753: 372: 333: 281: 230: 6509: 2037: 1490: 1121: 383:; the highlight is the prize-giving ceremony and banquet on 10 December. It is the second 8: 6553: 6146: 5895: 5581: 5515: 5372: 5350: 1482: 1366: 1362: 822: 669: 572: 503: 406: 6256: 5818: 3328: 1860: 1501: 6498: 6113: 5984: 5730: 5418: 5284: 4143:"Maryse Condé accepted The New Academy Prize in Literature of SEK 320 000 in Stockholm" 3799: 3180: 1555: 1536: 1513: 1341: 1113: 728: 699: 694: 660: 297: 205:

The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five

5851: 5295: 5143: 6691: 6630: 6311: 6010: 5973: 5829: 5639: 5482: 5361: 4507: 4476: 4057:"Nobel Prize in Literature will not be awarded this year after sex abuse allegations" 3628: 3571: 3544: 3517: 3261: 3230: 3060: 3049: 2005: 1941: 1458: 1332: 1270: 1223: 1090: 934: 849: 773: 5807: 5328: 5273: 1187: 1094: 873: 686: 527: 515: 337:

the members of the academy and are assisted by specially appointed expert advisers.

6432: 6201: 5961: 5906: 5840: 5796: 5785: 5741: 5619: 5148: 5075: 2736: 2701: 2001: 1616: 1411: 1386: 1350: 1304: 1227: 938: 885: 842: 838: 830: 763: 748: 682: 616: 600: 535: 234: 183: 175: 6355: 6054: 1532: 1284: 780:, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people". 6542: 6278: 6190: 6135: 6091: 6080: 5950: 5884: 5597: 5306: 5247: 5236: 5080: 4335: 4028: 3852: 3833: 3795:"In Nobel Scandal, a Man Is Accused of Sexual Misconduct. A Woman Takes the Fall" 3742: 3719: 3693: 3673: 3650: 3396: 3285: 2851: 2838: 2818: 2548: 2253: 2167: 2125: 2100: 1991: 1948: 1774: 1734: 1454: 1328: 1248: 1207: 1203: 1167: 1133: 1086: 810: 806: 743: 711: 636: 608: 556: 548: 531: 523: 507: 491: 447: 436: 376:

uphill or stable since then, peaking at an SKr-2011 value of 11,659,016 in 2001.

320: 301: 223: 199: 191: 70: 6608: 6487: 6410: 6366: 3329:"Judge: Nobel literature prizes 'too Eurocentric' – World news – guardian.co.uk" 2347:[The King: The Academy is now responsible for taking necessary action]. 2242: 1547: 1505: 1390: 1287:

was seriously considered for the prize in the 1950s. Malraux was competing with

1102: 766:

in 1954 "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in

746:

in 1932 "for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in

499: 6586: 6575: 6245: 6234: 6076: 6021: 5939: 5570: 5526: 5471: 5438: 5392: 3199: 3011: 2981: 2184: 2064:"Nobel Foundation (Scandinavian organisation) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia" 1890: 1474: 1336: 1293: 1098: 1082: 1067: 861: 826: 707: 690: 628: 580: 568: 519: 471: 285: 3768:

Burton Feldman: The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy and Prestige

1804: 1374: 1233: 6701: 6465: 6443: 6421: 6399: 6322: 6300: 6289: 6168: 6065: 5752: 5661: 5548: 5537: 4421:

dealing with the history of the award by decade, from the 1900s to the 2000s.

4418: 2578:"The Size of the Nobel Prize Is Being Reduced to Safeguard Long-Term Capital" 1606: 1528: 1509: 1308: 1276: 1259: 1191: 1183: 1179: 1151: 1074: 1063: 942: 926: 914: 869: 814: 656: 644: 640: 612: 588: 495: 410: 368: 270: 81: 5928: 5763: 1003: 877: 592: 196:

den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning

6641: 6597: 6377: 6223: 6212: 6043: 5873: 5138: 4391: 2432: 1591: 1524: 1424: 1399: 1346: 1288: 1219: 1046: 1013:

Later, the prize has often been controversial due to the Swedish Academy's

999: 922: 758: 738: 652: 648: 624: 402: 249: 187: 3713:'Ghost poetry': fight over Samuel Beckett's Nobel win revealed in archives 2668: 6531: 6454: 6267: 6102: 5988: 5774: 5559: 5493: 5449: 4460: 4195: 3963:"Nobel Panel Admits Inquiry Found Sexual Misconduct, but Nothing Illegal" 3404: 3279:

Akademien väljer helst en europé (The Academy prefers to pick a European)

2093: 1551: 1486: 1470: 1370: 1299: 1263: 1239: 1163: 1129: 1106: 1078: 1059: 1014: 995: 950: 930: 910: 906: 889: 857: 733: 723: 703: 632: 596: 576: 564: 206: 4387: 1206:

were not published until after their deaths, and the true dimensions of

772:; and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"; and 190:, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an 5608: 5339: 4192:"Nobel Prize-awarding Swedish Academy weighs reforms after controversy" 1394: 1175: 1007: 918: 865: 834: 818: 584: 560: 459: 451: 443: 357: 265: 3993:"Sexual Misconduct Claim Spurs Nobel Members to Step Aside in Protest" 1807:[Previously: The crisis in the Swedish Academy in 3 minutes]. 1331:, resigned in protest after the academy refused to denounce Ayatollah 379:

The laureate is also invited to give a lecture during "Nobel Week" in

6652: 6564: 4115: 3934: 3901: 2105: 1211: 1017:

choices of laureates, or for political reasons, as seen in the years

1010:

were rejected in favour of authors who mostly are little read today.

958: 954: 455: 380: 257: 108: 59: 1318: 6344: 3756:

Det litterära nobelpriset: principer och värderingar bakom besluten

3698: 3644:"Nabokov, Neruda and Borges revealed as losers of 1965 Nobel prize" 3298: 2345:"Kungen: Det är nu Akademiens ansvar att vidta nödvändiga åtgärder" 1735:"Nobel Prize for Literature postponed amid Swedish Academy turmoil" 962: 361: 284:(Norwegian Parliament) approved it. The executors of his will were 4403: 3604:"The Nobel Prize in Literature: Nominations and reports 1901–1950" 1062:

is included), as well as all of Latin America (7, if Saint Lucian

218: 1327:

In 1989, three members, including the former permanent secretary

1155: 776:

in 1965 "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his

442:

Between 1902 and 2010, the Nobel Prize medals were struck by the

293: 253: 3932:[Jean-Claude Arnault sentenced to two years in prison]. 1136:'s win in 2014 renewed questions of Eurocentrism; when asked by 979: 454:. In 2011, the medals were made by the Det Norske Myntverket in 6520: 4429: 4111:"Four writers shortlisted for 'the new Nobel Literature Prize'" 3631:

The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige

3051:

The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige

2276:"Nomination and Selection of the Nobel Laureates in Literature" 1767:"Svenska Akademien skjuter upp 2018 års Nobelpris i litteratur" 1125: 1054: 1029:, and for the Academy awarding its own members, as happened in 664: 498:, who was 88 when she was awarded in 2007. It has been awarded 432: 427: 5212: 4527: 4077: 3897:"Tougher sentence for Jean-Claude Arnault after appeals trial" 1895:

The Legacy of Alfred Nobel – The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes

245:

Literature over the years, the latter becoming the norm today)

40: 2464:"2009 Nobel Laureates Receive Their Honors – Europe- English" 1195: 1159: 261: 5174:

Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes).

4400:

Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century

4329:

Maori writer this year's Neustadt International Prize winner

4273:"Man Booker Independent International Foreign Fiction Prize" 4386:

Graphics: National Literature Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009

3867:"The Nobel Prize for Literature Is a Scandal All by Itself" 3410: 3299:"The Nobel Committee has no clue about American literature" 1805:"Detta har hänt: Krisen i Svenska Akademien – på 3 minuter" 1117: 949:. The prize has "become widely seen as a political one – a 4080:"Why There Won't Be a Nobel Prize in Literature This Year" 1910:"The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science" 1356: 990:

From 1901 to 1912, the committee, led by the conservative

506:

in 1931. On some occasions, the awarding institution, the

277: 3536: 3509: 1089:, have been overlooked, as have Latin Americans such as 655:, the first laureate to write in Chinese. In the 2000s, 541: 120: 1990:

Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001). Nils Ringertz (ed.).

1049:

was the first African-born writer to receive the award.

961:, perhaps translated into English with a novelist from 4354:. Central Connecticut State University. Archived from 3543:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 189. 3510:

Innes, Christopher; Frederick J. Marker, eds. (1998).

1835:"History – Historic Figures: Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)" 1523:

presents itself as an alternative to the Nobel Prize.

6675: 4425:

Alternative Nobel literature prize planned in Sweden

2433:"Avgörande ögonblick: När tvivlet kom till Akademien" 3593:, Albert Bonniers förlag 1989, page 150 (in Swedish) 3540:

Strindberg on drama and theatre : a source book

3516:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. xi. 1546:(for Spanish language, established in 1976) and the 1166:

should have been rewarded instead of, for instance,

514:

in 1916, the posthumous prize to Karlfeldt in 1931,

470:

Nobel laureates receive a diploma directly from the

324:

a candidate. It is not allowed to nominate oneself.

3419:"So no American this year, yet again. Why is that?" 3417:Grundberg, Sven; Hansegard, Jens (9 October 2014). 2627: 2625: 2245:(President of The Nobel Committee for Literature), 1145: 237:telegram in 1954 (the academy has alternately used 4054: 4026:[Sara Danius leaves the Swedish Academy]. 3928:Malmgren, Kim; Wikström, Mattis (1 October 2018). 3792: 3416: 3048: 1582:List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature 314:List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature 4162:"The ugly scandal that cancelled the Nobel prize" 3485:"What's Wrong With the Nobel Prize in Literature" 3448: 3446: 3089:"What's Wrong With the Nobel Prize in Literature" 1377:and Horace Engdahl, called Danius a weak leader. 1319:Controversies about Swedish Academy board members 888:was nominated several times by the 1948 laureate 717: 458:. The medals have been made by Svenska Medalj in 307: 6699: 3930:"Jean-Claude Arnault döms till två års fängelse" 3927: 3226:The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Literature 2622: 2535: 2367: 2312:"3 judges quit Nobel literature prize committee" 202:decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. 4215:"Nobel Prize in Literature to be awarded again" 4212: 4078:Christina Anderson; Palko Karasz (2 May 2018). 3537:Törnqvist, Egil; Birgitta Steene, eds. (2007). 1985: 1983: 1697: 1444: 1258:– but Joyce was never nominated for the prize. 4242:"Alice Munro: The mistress of all she surveys" 3443: 3360:"Herta Mueller Wins Nobel Prize in Literature" 2760: 2758: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2181:"Nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature" 2112: 1951:, Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 6 November 2007. 1036: 726:was awarded in 1920 "for his monumental work, 5198: 4445: 3151: 2596: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1242:wrote the books that rank 1st and 3rd on the 980:Controversies about Nobel laureate selections 872:(awarded in 1946) in 1931, the 1951 laureate 356:A Literature Nobel Prize laureate receives a 4383:– Official webpage of the Nobel Foundation. 4159: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 2930:"Nomination Archive - Pär Fabian Lagerkvist" 2309: 2262:, 22 December 2011. Retrieved December 2011. 2161:Kjell Espmark: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1428:in a lengthy deconstruction of the scandal: 510:, has awarded the prize to its own members; 401:The literature medal features a portrait of 5164:Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields 3147: 3145: 2755: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2683: 2482: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2109:(5 October 2009): accessed 20 January 2010. 1954: 1451:Neustadt International Prize for Literature 986:Nobel Prize controversies § Literature 420: 414: 5205: 5191: 5118:Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute 4452: 4438: 3954: 3390:"Sweden's 'buzzard' poet wins Nobel Prize" 3178: 3016:"The Nobel Prize For Political Literature" 2657: 2461: 2270: 2268: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 1989: 1853: 1753: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1660: 736:in 1929 "principally for his great novel, 647:, the first African-American on the list, 422:inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes 39: 4936: 4563: 3960: 3921: 3864: 3827:När Tegnér tänkte lämna Svenska Akademien 3773: 2514: 2378:[The King alters Academy rules]. 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2086: 1935: 1907: 1827: 1764: 1686: 868:(awarded in 1933), Thomas Mann nominated 416:Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes 19:For a list of the award's laureates, see 16:Prize established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel 4991: 4239: 3478: 3476: 3229:. Oxford University Press. p. 288. 3222: 3142: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2720: 2580:. Nobel official website. 11 June 2012. 2342: 2336: 2225: 2094:"Alfred Nobel's last will and testament" 1798: 1796: 1040: 229: 217: 4388:by citizenship at the time of the award 4108: 4021: 3455:"Nobel's Will and the Literature Prize" 3046: 3010: 2373: 2265: 2173: 2147: 1889: 1722: 1357:2018 controversy and award cancellation 1053:The prize's focus on European men, and 783: 51:Outstanding contributions in literature 6700: 4090:from the original on 29 September 2018 4024:"Sara Danius lämnar Svenska Akademien" 3961:Andersson, Christina (20 April 2018). 3610:from the original on 23 September 2020 3357: 3296: 3172: 3117: 2936:from the original on 28 September 2022 2910:from the original on 25 September 2023 2812:Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature 2764: 2374:Nilsson, Christoffer (18 April 2018). 2294: 2018:from the original on 24 September 2023 1406:Tree of Life: A Novel of the Caribbean 5186: 5159:World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates 4433: 4283:from the original on 28 February 2021 3909:from the original on 28 November 2020 3889: 3687:"Et Camus obtint enfin le prix Nobel" 3567:A history of Scandinavian literatures 3563: 3482: 3473: 3181:"'Political element' to Pinter Prize" 3120:"What Is a Nobel Prize Really Worth?" 3086: 2956:"Nomination archive Saint-John Perse" 2904:"Nominations by literature laureates" 2799: 2773:from the original on 16 November 2011 2733:"The Nobel Prize medal in Literature" 2496:from the original on 19 November 2011 1841:from the original on 27 December 2019 1793: 1710:from the original on 11 November 2007 1577:List of Nobel laureates in Literature 1496:Another award of note is the Spanish 1255:Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 860:(awarded in 1929), the 1915 laureate 542:Interpretations of Nobel's guidelines 484:List of Nobel laureates in Literature 21:List of Nobel laureates in Literature 4381:The Nobel Prize Medal for Literature 4310:from the original on 4 November 2012 4270: 4252:from the original on 10 October 2013 4221:from the original on 1 February 2018 4123:from the original on 6 February 2020 3793:Christina Anderson (12 April 2018). 3679: 3431:from the original on 11 October 2014 3258:100 nobelpris i litteratur 1901–2001 3130:from the original on 13 October 2017 3099:from the original on 14 October 2016 3028:from the original on 13 October 2022 2858:from the original on 1 November 2020 2430: 2406:"The Nobel Committee for Literature" 1993:The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years 1871:from the original on 13 October 2014 1802: 4240:Anderson, Hephzibah (31 May 2009). 4202:from the original on 13 April 2018. 4172:from the original on 28 August 2019 3942:from the original on 1 October 2018 3836:Svenska Dagbladet 22 September 1996 3452: 3339:from the original on 2 October 2013 3223:Eldridge, Richard (27 March 2009). 3187:from the original on 21 August 2017 2523:from the original on 5 October 2023 2470:from the original on 4 October 2012 2040:. Infoplease.com. 13 October 1999. 1968:from the original on 9 October 2010 1698:John Sutherland (13 October 2007). 482:For a more comprehensive list, see 397:Nobel Prize medal § Literature 385:richest literary prize in the world 312:For a more comprehensive list, see 13: 4898:Washington University in St. Louis 4022:Åkerman, Felicia (12 April 2018). 4015: 3807:from the original on 13 April 2018 3160:from the original on 26 April 2011 2992:from the original on 29 April 2015 2880:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from 2667:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from 2665:"The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies" 2557:. Retrieved 15 January 2009, from 2376:"Kungen ändrar Akademiens stadgar" 2355:from the original on 26 March 2022 2320:. Associated Press. Archived from 2278:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from 2183:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from 2134:. Retrieved 15 January 2009, from 2044:from the original on 26 April 2013 1897:. The Nobel Foundation. p. 7. 1311:and the awarded Guatemalan author 439:is also inscribed on the reverse. 222:In 1901, French poet and essayist 14: 6739: 4374: 4301: 4055:Christopher Hooton (4 May 2018). 4003:from the original on 7 April 2018 3152:Kjell Espmark (3 December 1999). 2645:from the original on 13 June 2012 2584:from the original on 25 July 2012 2443:from the original on 4 March 2023 2412:from the original on 11 July 2022 2213:from the original on 1 March 2024 1916:. Springer-Verlag. Archived from 1648:from the original on 20 July 2018 1385:, not affiliated with either the 1365:, who is married to board member 1283:French novelist and intellectual 841:in 1950 (the prize for 1949) and 518:in 1951, and the shared prize to 425:" from line 663 of book 6 of the 6723:Literary awards honoring writers 6685: 4526: 4459: 4409:What the Nobel Laureates Receive 4213:The Nobel Prize (5 March 2019). 4109:Löfgren, Emma (29 August 2018). 4067:from the original on 4 May 2018. 3491:from the original on 14 May 2012 3461:from the original on 11 May 2012 3370:from the original on 8 July 2017 3309:from the original on 5 June 2011 3118:Altman, Anna (16 October 2014). 2962:from the original on 8 June 2023 2765:Lemmel, Birgitta (29 May 1998). 2610:from the original on 28 May 2011 2074:from the original on 14 May 2013 1962:"The Nobel Foundation – History" 1741:from the original on 16 May 2020 1674:from the original on 20 May 2023 1146:Overlooked literary achievements 1128:and Canadian short story writer 1073:In 2009, Engdahl's replacement, 4352:"Hans Christian Andersen Award" 4344: 4322: 4306:. Oklahoma Historical Society. 4295: 4264: 4233: 4206: 4184: 4153: 4135: 4102: 4071: 4048: 4036:from the original on 5 May 2018 3985: 3973:from the original on 4 May 2018 3877:from the original on 4 May 2018 3858: 3839: 3819: 3761: 3748: 3729: 3705: 3660: 3637: 3622: 3596: 3584: 3557: 3530: 3503: 3382: 3358:Jordan, Mary (9 October 2009). 3351: 3321: 3297:Kirsch, Adam (3 October 2008). 3290: 3271: 3250: 3216: 3154:"The Nobel Prize in Literature" 3111: 3080: 3040: 3004: 2974: 2948: 2922: 2896: 2870: 2844: 2824: 2785: 2570: 2517:"The Nobel Prize in Literature" 2508: 2462:Tom Rivers (10 December 2009). 2455: 2424: 2398: 2386:from the original on 4 May 2018 2199: 2056: 2030: 1908:von Euler, U.S. (6 June 1981). 1901: 1815:from the original on 4 May 2018 1803:Wixe, Susanne (10 April 2018). 1781:from the original on 4 May 2018 1383:New Academy Prize in Literature 675: 5154:Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings 4918:Catholic priests and religious 3179:Neil Smith (13 October 2005). 2832:All Nobel Prizes in Literature 2431:Berg, Mattias (29 June 2015). 1883: 1630: 1554:(1981 Cervantes, 1990 Nobel); 1244:Modern Library 100 Best Novels 1112:The 2010 prize was awarded to 718:Recognition of a specific work 308:Nomination and award procedure 194:direction" (original Swedish: 1: 6718:International literary awards 4548:Heads of state and government 4160:Andrew Brown (17 July 2018). 3483:Parks, Tim (6 October 2011). 3260:, Bokförlaget Symposium 2001 3209:the Times Literary Supplement 3087:Parks, Tim (6 October 2011). 3055:. Arcade Publishing. p. 2310:David Keyton (6 April 2018). 1623: 1563:Hans Christian Andersen Award 1489:(1982 Neustadt, 1990 Nobel), 1485:(1978 Neustadt, 1980 Nobel), 1481:(1972 Neustadt, 1982 Nobel), 1335:for calling for the death of 213: 3905:. No. 3 December 2018. 3855:Svenska Yle 30 November 2012 3564:Warme, Lars G., ed. (1996). 3487:. New York Review of Books. 3093:The New York Review of Books 2343:Holmgren, Mia (2 May 2018). 2259:The New York Review of Books 1612:Swedish Academy Nordic Prize 1467:Formentor Prix International 1445:Similar international prizes 895: 477: 7: 4873:City University of New York 3591:Den svenska litteraturen IV 2793:"Karlfeldt och Nobelpriset" 2002:World Scientific Publishing 1569: 1521:America Award in Literature 1324:are required for a quorum. 1037:Nationality-based criticism 972:translates as "ideal." The 465: 10: 6744: 2767:"The Nobel Prize Diplomas" 1942:"The Will of Alfred Nobel" 1498:Princess of Asturias Award 1463:International Booker Prize 983: 481: 394: 311: 18: 6708:Nobel Prize in Literature 6618: 6387: 6156: 5916: 5691: 5459: 5224: 5218:Nobel Prize in Literature 5172: 5126: 5111:Norwegian Nobel Committee 5068: 5017: 5007:PRIO Director's Shortlist 4910: 4863: 4659: 4604: 4535: 4524: 4485: 4467: 3999:. Reuters. 6 April 2018. 3741:29 September 2022 at the 2817:28 September 2019 at the 2490:"The Nobel Prize Amounts" 2252:22 September 2015 at the 1638:"The Nobel Prize amounts" 1544:Miguel de Cervantes Prize 1438:Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden 901:studied and read. In the 663:, and the Chinese writer 390: 351: 296:were promulgated by King 168:Nobel Prize in Literature 129: 115: 104: 96: 88: 76: 66: 55: 47: 38: 34:Nobel Prize in Literature 33: 4472:Lists of Nobel laureates 4304:"World Literature Today" 3865:Tim Parks (4 May 2018). 3284:10 February 2009 at the 3047:Feldman, Burton (2000). 2604:"The Nobel Prize Amount" 1704:Guardian Unlimited Books 947:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 884:, and the 1960 laureate 180:Nobelpriset i litteratur 4415:"The rise of the Prize" 4334:13 October 2008 at the 3692:15 January 2009 at the 3424:The Wall Street Journal 3021:The Wall Street Journal 2986:Encyclopædia Britannica 2559:Encyclopædia Britannica 2554:Encyclopædia Britannica 2247:"Do We Need the Nobel?" 2207:"Nominations 1901-1950" 2166:13 October 2019 at the 2136:Encyclopædia Britannica 2131:Encyclopædia Britannica 2068:Encyclopædia Britannica 1914:Die Naturwissenschaften 1865:Encyclopædia Britannica 1602:Lists of 100 best books 1597:List of literary awards 1587:List of Nobel laureates 1139:The Wall Street Journal 1066:is included). In 2009, 769:The Old Man and the Sea 405:in left profile on the 371: 8,000,000 (about 6180:Gabriel García Márquez 6033:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 5106:Physiology or Medicine 5052:Physiology or Medicine 4979:Physiology or Medicine 4596:Physiology or Medicine 4518:Physiology or Medicine 2567: 2542:"Nobel Prize – Prizes" 2144: 2099:9 October 2009 at the 1998:Imperial College Press 1861:"Guide to Nobel Prize" 1479:Gabriel García Márquez 1434: 1050: 856:(awarded in 1916) and 802: 490:youngest laureate was 421: 415: 360:, a diploma bearing a 246: 227: 195: 179: 6125:Isaac Bashevis Singer 6000:Miguel Ángel Asturias 5673:Frans Eemil Sillanpää 5404:Verner von Heidenstam 5259:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 4340:The Norman Transcript 4302:Clark, David Draper. 2982:"Nobel Prize | award" 2698:"A unique gold medal" 2633:"Nobel Prize Amounts" 2562: 2547:13 April 2015 at the 2408:. Svenska Akademien. 2139: 2124:29 April 2015 at the 2038:"Nobel Prize History" 1430: 1397:noted for her novels 1313:Miguel Ángel Asturias 1194:, "the main works of 1044: 876:was proposed by both 854:Verner von Heidenstam 791: 605:Isaac Bashevis Singer 553:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 512:Verner von Heidenstam 409:. It was designed by 233: 221: 5651:Roger Martin du Gard 4893:Princeton University 3672:21 June 2023 at the 3606:. Nobel Foundation. 3457:. Nobel Foundation. 3395:4 March 2016 at the 3156:. Nobel Foundation. 2854:. Nobel Foundation. 2852:"Nomination archive" 2841:", Nobel Foundation. 2821:", Nobel Foundation. 2769:. Nobel Foundation. 2606:. Nobel Foundation. 2492:. Nobel Foundation. 2317:The Washington Times 1964:. Nobel Foundation. 1670:. Nobel Foundation. 1642:The Nobel Foundation 992:Carl David af Wirsén 882:Roger Martin du Gard 784:Potential candidates 754:Roger Martin du Gard 446:, the Swedish royal 334:King Carl XVI Gustaf 6554:Svetlana Alexievich 5896:Salvatore Quasimodo 5582:Erik Axel Karlfeldt 5516:George Bernard Shaw 5373:Rabindranath Tagore 5351:Maurice Maeterlinck 5002:AFSC Nobel nominees 4878:Columbia University 4392:by country of birth 4271:Orthofor, Michael. 3851:15 May 2021 at the 3832:15 May 2021 at the 3736:Nomination database 3718:3 June 2021 at the 3702:, 28 December 2008. 3667:Nomination database 3649:1 July 2020 at the 3364:The Washington Post 3014:(14 October 2012). 2837:21 May 2020 at the 1947:4 June 2011 at the 1737:. BBC. 4 May 2018. 1668:"Alfred Nobel will" 1367:Katarina Frostenson 1363:Jean-Claude Arnault 1345:. A fourth member, 1222:and Swedish author 903:Wall Street Journal 823:Rabindranath Tagore 670:Svetlana Alexievich 639:from South Africa, 573:George Bernard Shaw 504:Erik Axel Karlfeldt 6499:Mario Vargas Llosa 6477:J. M. G. Le Clézio 6334:Wisława Szymborska 6114:Vicente Aleixandre 5985:Shmuel Yosef Agnon 5863:Juan Ramón Jiménez 5731:Johannes V. Jensen 5419:Henrik Pontoppidan 5285:Henryk Sienkiewicz 4888:Harvard University 4149:. 9 December 2018. 4084:The New York Times 3997:The New York Times 3967:The New York Times 3871:The New York Times 3800:The New York Times 3726:, 17 January 2020. 3335:. 6 October 2009. 3202:and opposition to 2958:. nobelprize.org. 2932:. nobelprize.org. 2906:. nobelprize.org. 2671:on 11 October 2007 2519:. nobelprize.org. 2282:on 11 October 2007 2209:. nobelprize.org. 2187:on 11 October 2007 1556:Mario Vargas Llosa 1537:Mario Vargas Llosa 1514:Mario Vargas Llosa 1342:The Satanic Verses 1114:Mario Vargas Llosa 1051: 729:Growth of the Soil 700:Shmuel Yosef Agnon 695:Henrik Pontoppidan 661:Mario Vargas Llosa 431:by the Roman poet 247: 228: 6673: 6672: 6631:Abdulrazak Gurnah 6510:Tomas Tranströmer 6011:Yasunari Kawabata 5974:Mikhail Sholokhov 5830:Winston Churchill 5505:Władysław Reymont 5483:Jacinto Benavente 5362:Gerhart Hauptmann 5180: 5179: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5059: 4987: 4986: 4906: 4905: 4859: 4858: 4477:Nobel Prize medal 4404:arXiv:1009.2634v1 4198:. 13 April 2018. 3657:, 6 January 2016. 3577:978-0-8032-4750-5 3550:978-90-5356-020-4 3523:978-0-8020-8206-0 3236:978-0-19-972410-9 3066:978-1-55970-592-9 2638:. Nobel website. 2011:978-981-02-4664-8 1519:The non-monetary 1491:Tomas Tranströmer 1459:Franz Kafka Prize 1333:Ruhollah Khomeini 1271:Jorge Luis Borges 1269:Argentine writer 1224:August Strindberg 1122:Tomas Tranströmer 1091:Jorge Luis Borges 935:Jorge Luis Borges 850:Gerhart Hauptmann 774:Mikhail Sholokhov 164: 163: 160: 159: 105:Currently held by 6735: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6681: 6666: 6655: 6644: 6633: 6611: 6600: 6589: 6578: 6567: 6556: 6545: 6534: 6523: 6512: 6501: 6490: 6479: 6468: 6457: 6446: 6435: 6433:Elfriede Jelinek 6424: 6413: 6402: 6380: 6369: 6358: 6347: 6336: 6325: 6314: 6303: 6292: 6281: 6270: 6259: 6257:Camilo José Cela 6248: 6237: 6226: 6215: 6204: 6202:Jaroslav Seifert 6193: 6182: 6171: 6149: 6138: 6127: 6116: 6105: 6094: 6083: 6068: 6057: 6046: 6035: 6024: 6013: 6002: 5991: 5976: 5965: 5964:(declined award) 5962:Jean-Paul Sartre 5953: 5942: 5931: 5909: 5907:Saint-John Perse 5898: 5887: 5876: 5865: 5854: 5843: 5841:Ernest Hemingway 5832: 5821: 5819:François Mauriac 5810: 5799: 5797:Bertrand Russell 5788: 5786:William Faulkner 5777: 5766: 5755: 5744: 5742:Gabriela Mistral 5733: 5722: 5721: 5713: 5712: 5704: 5703: 5684: 5683: 5675: 5664: 5653: 5642: 5631: 5630: 5622: 5620:Luigi Pirandello 5611: 5600: 5589: 5573: 5562: 5551: 5540: 5529: 5518: 5507: 5496: 5485: 5474: 5452: 5441: 5430: 5429: 5421: 5406: 5395: 5384: 5383: 5375: 5364: 5353: 5342: 5331: 5320: 5309: 5298: 5287: 5276: 5270:Frédéric Mistral 5261: 5250: 5239: 5207: 5200: 5193: 5184: 5183: 5149:Nobel Laboratory 5081:Nobel Committees 5076:Nobel Foundation 5015: 5014: 4989: 4988: 4934: 4933: 4657: 4656: 4561: 4560: 4530: 4454: 4447: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4348: 4342: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3862: 3856: 3846:Knut Ahnlund död 3843: 3837: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3790: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3758:, Norstedts 1986 3752: 3746: 3745:Nobel Foundation 3733: 3727: 3709: 3703: 3683: 3677: 3664: 3658: 3641: 3635: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3453:Espmark, Kjell. 3450: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3414: 3408: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3294: 3288: 3277:Dagens Nyheter 3275: 3269: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3194: 3192: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3054: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2884:on 28 April 2013 2878:"Nomination FAQ" 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2848: 2842: 2828: 2822: 2808: 2797: 2796: 2795:. karlfeldt.org. 2789: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2762: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2739:. Archived from 2737:Nobel Foundation 2729: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2708:on 11 April 2017 2704:. Archived from 2702:Nobel Foundation 2694: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2644: 2637: 2629: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2574: 2568: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2466:. .voanews.com. 2459: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2307: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2272: 2263: 2240: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2177: 2171: 2170:Nobel Foundation 2158: 2145: 2116: 2110: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2023: 1987: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1958: 1952: 1939: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1922: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1800: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1771:Svenska Akademin 1762: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1731: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1695: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1634: 1617:World literature 1502:Camilo José Cela 1412:Windward Heights 1393:, a writer from 1387:Nobel Foundation 1351:Elfriede Jelinek 1305:Jean-Paul Sartre 1228:Hjalmar Branting 1132:. French writer 939:Vladimir Nabokov 886:Saint-John Perse 843:Bertrand Russell 839:William Faulkner 831:Luigi Pirandello 809:, these include 800: 764:Ernest Hemingway 749:The Forsyte Saga 706:in 1966, and to 683:Frederic Mistral 651:from Japan, and 643:from St. Lucia, 617:Jaroslav Seifert 601:William Faulkner 536:Jean-Paul Sartre 424: 418: 184:literature prize 131: 130: 125: 122: 43: 31: 30: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6733: 6732: 6728:Swedish Academy 6698: 6697: 6696: 6686: 6684: 6676: 6674: 6669: 6664:to be announced 6658: 6647: 6636: 6625: 6614: 6603: 6592: 6581: 6570: 6559: 6548: 6543:Patrick Modiano 6537: 6526: 6515: 6504: 6493: 6482: 6471: 6460: 6449: 6438: 6427: 6416: 6405: 6394: 6383: 6372: 6361: 6350: 6339: 6328: 6317: 6306: 6295: 6284: 6279:Nadine Gordimer 6273: 6262: 6251: 6240: 6229: 6218: 6207: 6196: 6191:William Golding 6185: 6174: 6163: 6152: 6141: 6136:Odysseas Elytis 6130: 6119: 6108: 6097: 6092:Eugenio Montale 6086: 6081:Harry Martinson 6071: 6060: 6049: 6038: 6027: 6016: 6005: 5994: 5979: 5968: 5956: 5951:Giorgos Seferis 5945: 5934: 5923: 5912: 5901: 5890: 5885:Boris Pasternak 5879: 5868: 5857: 5852:Halldór Laxness 5846: 5835: 5824: 5813: 5802: 5791: 5780: 5769: 5758: 5747: 5736: 5725: 5717: 5716: 5708: 5707: 5699: 5698: 5687: 5679: 5678: 5667: 5656: 5645: 5634: 5626: 5625: 5614: 5603: 5598:John Galsworthy 5592: 5576: 5565: 5554: 5543: 5532: 5521: 5510: 5499: 5488: 5477: 5466: 5455: 5444: 5433: 5425: 5424: 5409: 5398: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5367: 5356: 5345: 5334: 5323: 5312: 5307:Rudyard Kipling 5301: 5296:Giosuè Carducci 5290: 5279: 5264: 5253: 5248:Theodor Mommsen 5242: 5237:Sully Prudhomme 5231: 5220: 5211: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5168: 5144:Björkborn Manor 5122: 5056: 5013: 4983: 4932: 4902: 4855: 4835:South American 4820:North American 4661: 4655: 4608: 4606: 4600: 4559: 4531: 4522: 4481: 4463: 4458: 4377: 4372: 4371: 4361: 4359: 4358:on 20 July 2017 4350: 4349: 4345: 4336:Wayback Machine 4327: 4323: 4313: 4311: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4277:Complete Review 4269: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4211: 4207: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4158: 4154: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4076: 4072: 4061:The Independent 4053: 4049: 4039: 4037: 4029:Dagens Industri 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3863: 3859: 3853:Wayback Machine 3844: 3840: 3834:Wayback Machine 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3791: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3753: 3749: 3743:Wayback Machine 3734: 3730: 3720:Wayback Machine 3710: 3706: 3694:Wayback Machine 3684: 3680: 3676:Nobel Prize.org 3674:Wayback Machine 3665: 3661: 3651:Wayback Machine 3642: 3638: 3629:Burton Feldman 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3578: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3481: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3451: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3415: 3411: 3401:Financial Times 3397:Wayback Machine 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3295: 3291: 3286:Wayback Machine 3276: 3272: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3221: 3217: 3204:the war in Iraq 3190: 3188: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3150: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3012:Epstein, Joseph 3009: 3005: 2995: 2993: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2839:Wayback Machine 2829: 2825: 2819:Wayback Machine 2809: 2800: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2763: 2756: 2746: 2744: 2743:on 10 June 2023 2731: 2730: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2696: 2695: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2549:Wayback Machine 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2515:Kjell Espmark. 2513: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2460: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2429: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2341: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2308: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2254:Wayback Machine 2241: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2168:Wayback Machine 2159: 2148: 2126:Wayback Machine 2117: 2113: 2101:Wayback Machine 2091: 2087: 2077: 2075: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2021: 2019: 2012: 1988: 1981: 1971: 1969: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1949:Wayback Machine 1940: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1923:on 14 July 2011 1920: 1906: 1902: 1891:Sohlman, Ragnar 1888: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1844: 1842: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1801: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1775:Swedish Academy 1765:Press release. 1763: 1754: 1744: 1742: 1733: 1732: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1696: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1651: 1649: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1572: 1455:Jerusalem Prize 1447: 1359: 1329:Lars Gyllensten 1321: 1190:. According to 1168:Sully Prudhomme 1148: 1134:Patrick Modiano 1087:Cormac McCarthy 1039: 988: 982: 974:Nobel Committee 898: 811:Theodor Mommsen 807:Sully Prudhomme 801: 798: 786: 778:epic of the Don 744:John Galsworthy 720: 712:Harry Martinson 689:in 1904 and to 678: 637:Nadine Gordimer 609:Odysseus Elytis 557:Rudyard Kipling 544: 532:Boris Pasternak 524:Harry Martinson 508:Swedish Academy 492:Rudyard Kipling 487: 480: 468: 437:Swedish Academy 399: 393: 354: 330:Nobel Committee 321:Swedish Academy 319:Each year, the 317: 310: 302:Swedish Academy 241:Literature and 224:Sully Prudhomme 216: 200:Swedish Academy 182:) is a Swedish 119: 71:Swedish Academy 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6741: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6695: 6694: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6656: 6645: 6634: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6601: 6590: 6587:Olga Tokarczuk 6579: 6576:Kazuo Ishiguro 6568: 6557: 6546: 6535: 6524: 6513: 6502: 6491: 6480: 6469: 6458: 6447: 6436: 6425: 6414: 6403: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6370: 6359: 6348: 6337: 6326: 6315: 6304: 6293: 6282: 6271: 6260: 6249: 6246:Naguib Mahfouz 6238: 6235:Joseph Brodsky 6227: 6216: 6205: 6194: 6183: 6172: 6160: 6158: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6147:Czesław Miłosz 6139: 6128: 6117: 6106: 6095: 6084: 6077:Eyvind Johnson 6069: 6058: 6047: 6036: 6025: 6022:Samuel Beckett 6014: 6003: 5992: 5977: 5966: 5954: 5943: 5940:John Steinbeck 5932: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5899: 5888: 5877: 5866: 5855: 5844: 5833: 5822: 5811: 5808:Pär Lagerkvist 5800: 5789: 5778: 5767: 5756: 5745: 5734: 5723: 5714: 5705: 5695: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5685: 5676: 5665: 5654: 5643: 5640:Eugene O'Neill 5632: 5623: 5612: 5601: 5590: 5574: 5571:Sinclair Lewis 5563: 5552: 5541: 5530: 5527:Grazia Deledda 5519: 5508: 5497: 5486: 5475: 5472:Anatole France 5463: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5453: 5442: 5439:Carl Spitteler 5431: 5422: 5415:Karl Gjellerup 5407: 5396: 5393:Romain Rolland 5385: 5376: 5365: 5354: 5343: 5332: 5329:Selma Lagerlöf 5321: 5310: 5299: 5288: 5277: 5274:José Echegaray 5262: 5251: 5240: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5221: 5210: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5187: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5024: 5022: 5012: 5011: 5010: 5009: 5004: 4995: 4993: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4940: 4938: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4869: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4668: 4666: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4641:Latin American 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4565: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4551: 4550: 4544:by occupation 4541: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4457: 4456: 4449: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4412: 4406: 4396:J. Schmidhuber 4384: 4376: 4375:External links 4373: 4370: 4369: 4343: 4321: 4294: 4263: 4232: 4205: 4183: 4152: 4134: 4101: 4070: 4047: 4014: 3984: 3953: 3920: 3888: 3857: 3838: 3818: 3772: 3760: 3754:Kjell Espmark 3747: 3728: 3711:Alison Flood, 3704: 3685:Olivier Truc, 3678: 3659: 3636: 3621: 3595: 3583: 3576: 3556: 3549: 3529: 3522: 3502: 3472: 3442: 3409: 3388:Kite, Lorien. 3381: 3350: 3320: 3289: 3270: 3249: 3235: 3215: 3200:foreign policy 3171: 3141: 3110: 3079: 3065: 3039: 3003: 2973: 2947: 2921: 2895: 2869: 2843: 2823: 2798: 2784: 2754: 2719: 2682: 2656: 2621: 2595: 2569: 2534: 2507: 2481: 2454: 2439:(in Swedish). 2437:Sveriges Radio 2423: 2397: 2366: 2349:Dagens Nyheter 2335: 2293: 2264: 2224: 2198: 2172: 2146: 2111: 2085: 2055: 2029: 2010: 2004:. p. 13. 1979: 1953: 1934: 1900: 1882: 1852: 1826: 1792: 1752: 1721: 1700:"Ink and Spit" 1685: 1659: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1483:Czesław Miłosz 1475:Olga Tokarczuk 1446: 1443: 1358: 1355: 1337:Salman Rushdie 1320: 1317: 1294:Samuel Beckett 1188:Roberto Bolaño 1147: 1144: 1116:, a native of 1099:Carlos Fuentes 1095:Julio Cortázar 1083:Thomas Pynchon 1068:Horace Engdahl 1045:French author 1038: 1035: 984:Main article: 981: 978: 897: 894: 874:Pär Lagerkvist 862:Romain Rolland 827:Sinclair Lewis 796: 785: 782: 719: 716: 708:Eyvind Johnson 698:occasions, to 691:Karl Gjellerup 687:José Echegaray 677: 674: 629:Naguib Mahfouz 627:from Nigeria, 581:Sinclair Lewis 569:Anatole France 543: 540: 528:Selma Lagerlöf 520:Eyvind Johnson 516:Pär Lagerkvist 479: 476: 472:King of Sweden 467: 464: 395:Main article: 392: 389: 353: 350: 309: 306: 286:Ragnar Sohlman 215: 212: 170:(here meaning 162: 161: 158: 157: 147: 142: 127: 126: 117: 113: 112: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 36: 35: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6740: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6693: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6467: 6466:Doris Lessing 6463: 6459: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6444:Harold Pinter 6441: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6422:J. M. Coetzee 6419: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6401: 6400:V. S. Naipaul 6397: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6356:José Saramago 6353: 6349: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6323:Seamus Heaney 6320: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6301:Toni Morrison 6298: 6294: 6291: 6290:Derek Walcott 6287: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6169:Elias Canetti 6166: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6066:Patrick White 6063: 6059: 6056: 6055:Heinrich Böll 6052: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5753:Hermann Hesse 5750: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5715: 5711: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5682: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5663: 5662:Pearl S. Buck 5659: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5549:Sigrid Undset 5546: 5542: 5539: 5538:Henri Bergson 5535: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5377: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5319: 5318:Rudolf Eucken 5315: 5311: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5203: 5201: 5196: 5194: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5171: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5134:Controversies 5132: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069:Organisations 5067: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5016: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4968: 4967:Organizations 4965: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4865:by university 4862: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4687: 4683: 4682:South African 4680: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4658: 4652: 4651:Non-religious 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4419:Nilanjana Roy 4417:– Article by 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4325: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4220: 4216: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4194:. Stockholm: 4193: 4187: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4105: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4051: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3957: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3924: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3825:Knut Ahnlund 3822: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3770:Google Books. 3769: 3764: 3757: 3751: 3744: 3740: 3737: 3732: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3708: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3682: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3663: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3640: 3633: 3632: 3625: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3560: 3552: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3533: 3525: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3506: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3477: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3447: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3413: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3293: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3267: 3266:91-7139-537-7 3263: 3259: 3256:Helmer Lång, 3253: 3238: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3219: 3212: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3146: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3114: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3052: 3043: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3007: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2794: 2788: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2759: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2641: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2538: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2370: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2324:on 7 May 2018 2323: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2212: 2208: 2202: 2186: 2182: 2176: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2143: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2128:" (2007), in 2127: 2123: 2120: 2115: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2089: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2043: 2039: 2033: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1986: 1984: 1967: 1963: 1957: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1938: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1797: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1740: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1607:Nobel Library 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1567: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1533:José Saramago 1530: 1529:Harold Pinter 1526: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1510:Doris Lessing 1507: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1442: 1439: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1309:Graham Greene 1306: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1285:André Malraux 1281: 1278: 1277:Graham Greene 1274: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1260:Kjell Espmark 1257: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192:Kjell Espmark 1189: 1185: 1184:Italo Calvino 1181: 1180:Marcel Proust 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1152:Kjell Espmark 1143: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075:Peter Englund 1071: 1069: 1065: 1064:Derek Walcott 1061: 1056: 1048: 1043: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 987: 977: 975: 971: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 943:Sri Aurobindo 940: 936: 932: 928: 927:Marcel Proust 924: 920: 916: 915:Anton Chekhov 912: 908: 904: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 870:Hermann Hesse 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 815:Rudolf Eucken 812: 808: 795: 790: 781: 779: 775: 771: 770: 765: 761: 760: 755: 751: 750: 745: 741: 740: 735: 731: 730: 725: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 696: 692: 688: 684: 673: 671: 666: 662: 658: 657:V. S. Naipaul 654: 650: 646: 645:Toni Morrison 642: 641:Derek Walcott 638: 635:from Mexico, 634: 630: 626: 620: 618: 614: 613:Elias Canetti 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 589:Hermann Hesse 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 496:Doris Lessing 493: 485: 475: 473: 463: 461: 457: 453: 450:, located in 449: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 429: 423: 417: 412: 411:Erik Lindberg 408: 404: 398: 388: 386: 382: 377: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 349: 347: 343: 338: 335: 331: 325: 322: 315: 305: 303: 299: 295: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 274: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 244: 240: 236: 232: 225: 220: 211: 208: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 156: → 155: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 137: 134:← 133: 132: 128: 124: 118: 114: 110: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 89:First awarded 87: 83: 79: 75: 72: 69: 65: 61: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 37: 32: 26: 22: 6663: 6642:Annie Ernaux 6619:2021–present 6609:Louise Glück 6598:Peter Handke 6488:Herta Müller 6411:Imre Kertész 6378:Gao Xingjian 6367:Günter Grass 6312:Kenzaburō Ōe 6224:Wole Soyinka 6213:Claude Simon 6044:Pablo Neruda 5874:Albert Camus 5586:posthumously 5585: 5217: 5139:Alfred Nobel 4660:by continent 4502: 4461:Nobel Prizes 4360:. Retrieved 4356:the original 4346: 4339: 4324: 4312:. Retrieved 4297: 4285:. Retrieved 4276: 4266: 4254:. Retrieved 4246:The Guardian 4245: 4235: 4223:. Retrieved 4208: 4186: 4174:. Retrieved 4166:The Guardian 4165: 4155: 4146: 4137: 4127:11 September 4125:. Retrieved 4114: 4104: 4092:. Retrieved 4083: 4073: 4060: 4050: 4038:. Retrieved 4027: 4017: 4005:. Retrieved 3996: 3987: 3975:. Retrieved 3966: 3956: 3944:. Retrieved 3933: 3923: 3911:. Retrieved 3900: 3891: 3879:. Retrieved 3870: 3860: 3841: 3821: 3809:. Retrieved 3798: 3763: 3755: 3750: 3731: 3724:The Guardian 3723: 3707: 3697: 3681: 3662: 3655:The Guardian 3654: 3639: 3634:Google books 3630: 3624: 3612:. Retrieved 3598: 3590: 3586: 3566: 3559: 3539: 3532: 3512: 3505: 3493:. Retrieved 3463:. Retrieved 3433:. Retrieved 3422: 3412: 3400: 3384: 3372:. Retrieved 3363: 3353: 3341:. Retrieved 3333:The Guardian 3332: 3323: 3311:. Retrieved 3302: 3292: 3273: 3268:(in Swedish) 3257: 3252: 3240:. Retrieved 3225: 3218: 3196: 3189:. Retrieved 3183:. BBC News. 3174: 3162:. Retrieved 3132:. Retrieved 3123: 3113: 3101:. Retrieved 3092: 3082: 3070:. Retrieved 3050: 3042: 3030:. Retrieved 3019: 3006: 2994:. Retrieved 2985: 2976: 2964:. Retrieved 2950: 2938:. Retrieved 2924: 2912:. Retrieved 2898: 2886:. Retrieved 2882:the original 2872: 2860:. Retrieved 2846: 2826: 2787: 2775:. Retrieved 2745:. Retrieved 2741:the original 2710:. Retrieved 2706:the original 2673:. Retrieved 2669:the original 2659: 2647:. Retrieved 2612:. Retrieved 2598: 2586:. Retrieved 2572: 2563: 2558: 2552: 2537: 2525:. Retrieved 2510: 2498:. Retrieved 2484: 2472:. Retrieved 2457: 2445:. Retrieved 2436: 2426: 2414:. Retrieved 2400: 2388:. Retrieved 2379: 2369: 2357:. Retrieved 2348: 2338: 2326:. Retrieved 2322:the original 2315: 2284:. Retrieved 2280:the original 2257: 2243:Per Wästberg 2215:. Retrieved 2201: 2189:. Retrieved 2185:the original 2175: 2140: 2135: 2129: 2119:"Nobel Prize 2114: 2104: 2088: 2076:. Retrieved 2067: 2058: 2046:. Retrieved 2032: 2020:. Retrieved 1992: 1970:. Retrieved 1956: 1937: 1925:. Retrieved 1918:the original 1913: 1903: 1894: 1885: 1873:. Retrieved 1864: 1855: 1843:. Retrieved 1829: 1817:. Retrieved 1808: 1783:. Retrieved 1770: 1743:. Retrieved 1712:. Retrieved 1703: 1676:. Retrieved 1662: 1650:. Retrieved 1632: 1592:The Big Read 1560: 1548:Camões Prize 1541: 1525:Peter Handke 1518: 1506:Günter Grass 1495: 1448: 1435: 1431: 1425:The Guardian 1423: 1420:Andrew Brown 1417: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1391:Maryse Condé 1379: 1360: 1347:Knut Ahnlund 1340: 1339:, author of 1326: 1322: 1298: 1289:Albert Camus 1282: 1275: 1268: 1253: 1247: 1238: 1232: 1220:Henrik Ibsen 1217: 1208:Mandelstam's 1149: 1137: 1111: 1103:Herta Müller 1072: 1052: 1047:Albert Camus 1012: 1000:Henrik Ibsen 989: 969: 967: 923:Henrik Ibsen 902: 899: 847: 803: 792: 787: 767: 759:Les Thibault 757: 747: 739:Buddenbrooks 737: 727: 721: 679: 676:Shared prize 653:Gao Xingjian 649:Kenzaburo Oe 631:from Egypt, 625:Wole Soyinka 621: 545: 500:posthumously 488: 469: 462:since 2012. 441: 426: 403:Alfred Nobel 400: 378: 366: 355: 339: 326: 318: 290: 272: 250:Alfred Nobel 248: 242: 238: 207:Nobel Prizes 204: 188:Alfred Nobel 174:literature; 171: 167: 165: 149: 139: 97:Last awarded 67:Presented by 25: 6713:Nobel Prize 6532:Alice Munro 6455:Orhan Pamuk 6268:Octavio Paz 6103:Saul Bellow 5989:Nelly Sachs 5775:T. S. Eliot 5560:Thomas Mann 5494:W. B. Yeats 5450:Knut Hamsun 4962:Individuals 4664:nationality 4196:Reuters.com 3405:Arab Spring 2551:(2007), in 2380:Aftonbladet 1809:Aftonbladet 1552:Octavio Paz 1487:Octavio Paz 1471:Alice Munro 1375:Sture Allén 1371:Sara Danius 1300:W. H. Auden 1264:T. S. Eliot 1240:James Joyce 1234:Paul Valéry 1164:Henry James 1130:Alice Munro 1107:Eurocentric 1079:Philip Roth 1060:Orhan Pamuk 1015:Eurocentric 996:Leo Tolstoy 951:peace prize 931:James Joyce 911:Henry James 907:Leo Tolstoy 890:T. S. Eliot 858:Thomas Mann 734:Thomas Mann 724:Knut Hamsun 704:Nelly Sachs 633:Octavio Paz 597:T. S. Eliot 577:Thomas Mann 565:World War I 235:Hemingway's 80:11 million 48:Awarded for 6702:Categories 6692:Literature 5929:Ivo Andrić 5764:André Gide 5609:Ivan Bunin 5340:Paul Heyse 5096:Literature 4954:Literature 4937:by subject 4883:ETH Zurich 4849:Venezuelan 4814:Australian 4729:Vietnamese 4607:population 4581:Literature 4564:by subject 4503:Literature 4287:12 October 4147:Mynewsdesk 3913:3 December 3343:5 February 3242:18 October 3134:18 October 3103:18 October 3072:2 February 3032:15 October 2996:18 October 2862:2 February 2777:12 October 2675:13 October 2614:13 October 2500:12 October 2474:15 January 2286:13 October 2191:13 October 2078:15 January 2048:15 January 2022:27 October 1972:12 October 1927:21 January 1875:15 January 1845:15 January 1714:13 October 1678:20 January 1624:References 1465:, and the 1395:Guadeloupe 1008:Mark Twain 1004:Émile Zola 919:Mark Twain 878:André Gide 866:Ivan Bunin 852:nominated 835:Pearl Buck 819:Paul Heyse 794:find out. 593:André Gide 585:Pearl Buck 561:Paul Heyse 538:in 1964. 460:Eskilstuna 452:Eskilstuna 444:Myntverket 358:gold medal 342:2018 award 266:physiology 214:Background 192:idealistic 121:nobelprize 6653:Jon Fosse 6565:Bob Dylan 6388:2001–2020 6157:1981–2000 5917:1961–1980 5692:1941–1960 5460:1921–1940 5225:1901–1920 5214:Laureates 5091:Economics 5086:Chemistry 5042:Economics 5037:Chemistry 5020:Clarivate 4992:by groups 4949:Economics 4944:Chemistry 4844:Brazilian 4839:Argentine 4810:Oceanian 4759:Hungarian 4735:European 4724:Pakistani 4626:Christian 4576:Economics 4571:Chemistry 4537:Laureates 4498:Economics 4493:Chemistry 4116:The Local 4094:1 October 3946:1 October 3935:Expressen 3902:The Local 3614:9 October 3435:9 October 3374:6 October 3164:14 August 2527:4 October 2447:1 October 2106:The Local 1652:6 October 1212:Tim Parks 959:Indonesia 955:Tim Parks 896:Criticism 864:proposed 845:in 1950. 837:in 1938, 833:in 1934, 829:in 1930, 825:in 1913, 821:in 1910, 817:in 1908, 813:in 1902, 714:in 1974. 563:. During 526:in 1974. 502:once, to 478:Laureates 456:Kongsberg 381:Stockholm 258:chemistry 109:Jon Fosse 77:Reward(s) 60:Stockholm 6345:Dario Fo 4911:Nominees 4824:American 4779:Romanian 4714:Japanese 4699:Filipino 4677:Egyptian 4398:(2010), 4332:Archived 4308:Archived 4281:Archived 4250:Archived 4219:Archived 4200:Archived 4170:Archived 4121:Archived 4088:Archived 4065:Archived 4034:Archived 4001:Archived 3971:Archived 3940:Archived 3907:Archived 3875:Archived 3849:Archived 3830:Archived 3811:13 April 3805:Archived 3739:Archived 3716:Archived 3699:Le Monde 3690:Archived 3670:Archived 3647:Archived 3608:Archived 3489:Archived 3459:Archived 3429:Archived 3393:Archived 3368:Archived 3337:Archived 3307:Archived 3282:Archived 3191:26 April 3185:Archived 3158:Archived 3128:Archived 3097:Archived 3026:Archived 2990:Archived 2960:Archived 2934:Archived 2908:Archived 2856:Archived 2835:Archived 2815:Archived 2771:Archived 2640:Archived 2608:Archived 2582:Archived 2545:Archived 2521:Archived 2494:Archived 2468:Archived 2441:Archived 2410:Archived 2384:Archived 2353:Archived 2250:Archived 2211:Archived 2164:Archived 2122:Archived 2097:Archived 2072:Archived 2042:Archived 2016:Archived 1966:Archived 1945:Archived 1893:(1983). 1869:Archived 1839:Archived 1813:Archived 1779:Archived 1739:Archived 1708:Archived 1672:Archived 1646:Archived 1570:See also 970:idealisk 963:Cameroon 797:— 549:idealism 466:Diplomas 362:citation 298:Oscar II 294:statutes 282:Storting 271:Swedish 62:, Sweden 56:Location 5216:of the 5127:Related 5101:Physics 5047:Physics 4974:Physics 4923:Couples 4829:Mexican 4794:Swedish 4789:Spanish 4784:Russian 4769:Italian 4739:Belgian 4709:Israeli 4694:Chinese 4672:African 4616:Bengali 4591:Physics 4555:by year 4513:Physics 4394:. From 4225:16 July 4176:19 July 4007:7 April 3313:16 June 3124:Op-Talk 2966:1 March 2940:1 March 2914:1 March 2747:20 June 2712:20 June 2649:12 June 2588:11 June 2416:11 July 2217:1 March 1837:. BBC. 1249:Ulysses 1156:Tolstoy 407:obverse 254:physics 176:Swedish 116:Website 6678:Portal 6521:Mo Yan 5030:Female 4998:Peace 4958:Peace 4774:Polish 4749:German 4744:Danish 4719:Korean 4704:Indian 4646:Muslim 4636:Jewish 4631:Female 4486:Prizes 4314:28 May 4256:28 May 3574: 3547: 3520: 3495:28 May 3264: 3233: 3063: 2888:5 June 2008: 1535:, and 1512:, and 1461:, the 1453:, the 1204:Pessoa 1202:, and 1200:Cavafy 1186:, and 1174:, and 1172:Eucken 1162:, and 1126:Mo Yan 1097:, and 1085:, and 1055:Swedes 1025:, and 1006:, and 665:Mo Yan 615:, and 599:, and 575:, and 559:, and 433:Virgil 428:Aeneid 391:Medals 352:Prizes 273:kronor 152: 138: 111:(2023) 84:(2023) 4928:Women 4804:Welsh 4799:Swiss 4764:Irish 4754:Greek 4689:Asian 4621:Black 4609:group 4586:Peace 4508:Peace 4362:9 May 4040:4 May 3977:4 May 3881:5 May 3465:6 May 3303:Slate 2643:(PDF) 2636:(PDF) 2390:4 May 2359:4 May 2328:6 May 2092:AFP, 1921:(PDF) 1819:4 May 1785:4 May 1745:4 May 1436:King 1196:Kafka 1176:Heyse 1160:Ibsen 262:peace 28:Award 6660:2024 6649:2023 6638:2022 6627:2021 6605:2020 6594:2019 6583:2018 6572:2017 6561:2016 6550:2015 6539:2014 6528:2013 6517:2012 6506:2011 6495:2010 6484:2009 6473:2008 6462:2007 6451:2006 6440:2005 6429:2004 6418:2003 6407:2002 6396:2001 6374:2000 6363:1999 6352:1998 6341:1997 6330:1996 6319:1995 6308:1994 6297:1993 6286:1992 6275:1991 6264:1990 6253:1989 6242:1988 6231:1987 6220:1986 6209:1985 6198:1984 6187:1983 6176:1982 6165:1981 6143:1980 6132:1979 6121:1978 6110:1977 6099:1976 6088:1975 6073:1974 6062:1973 6051:1972 6040:1971 6029:1970 6018:1969 6007:1968 5996:1967 5981:1966 5970:1965 5958:1964 5947:1963 5936:1962 5925:1961 5903:1960 5892:1959 5881:1958 5870:1957 5859:1956 5848:1955 5837:1954 5826:1953 5815:1952 5804:1951 5793:1950 5782:1949 5771:1948 5760:1947 5749:1946 5738:1945 5727:1944 5719:1943 5710:1942 5701:1941 5681:1940 5669:1939 5658:1938 5647:1937 5636:1936 5628:1935 5616:1934 5605:1933 5594:1932 5578:1931 5567:1930 5556:1929 5545:1928 5534:1927 5523:1926 5512:1925 5501:1924 5490:1923 5479:1922 5468:1921 5446:1920 5435:1919 5427:1918 5411:1917 5400:1916 5389:1915 5381:1914 5369:1913 5358:1912 5347:1911 5336:1910 5325:1909 5314:1908 5303:1907 5292:1906 5281:1905 5266:1904 5255:1903 5244:1902 5233:1901 4662:and 4390:and 4364:2015 4316:2012 4289:2019 4258:2012 4227:2019 4178:2018 4129:2018 4096:2018 4042:2018 4009:2018 3979:2018 3948:2018 3915:2018 3883:2018 3813:2018 3616:2020 3572:ISBN 3545:ISBN 3518:ISBN 3497:2012 3467:2012 3437:2014 3376:2017 3345:2010 3315:2010 3262:ISBN 3244:2016 3231:ISBN 3193:2008 3166:2006 3136:2016 3105:2016 3074:2022 3061:ISBN 3034:2022 2998:2016 2968:2024 2942:2024 2916:2024 2890:2012 2864:2022 2779:2011 2749:2023 2714:2023 2677:2007 2651:2012 2616:2007 2590:2012 2529:2023 2502:2011 2476:2010 2449:2023 2418:2022 2392:2018 2361:2018 2330:2018 2288:2007 2219:2024 2193:2007 2080:2010 2050:2010 2024:2020 2006:ISBN 2000:and 1974:2010 1929:2010 1877:2010 1847:2010 1821:2018 1787:2018 1747:2018 1716:2007 1680:2021 1654:2022 1561:The 1473:and 1409:and 1400:Segu 1252:and 1118:Peru 1031:1974 1027:2019 1023:2005 1019:1970 945:and 937:and 880:and 710:and 702:and 693:and 685:and 583:and 522:and 448:mint 373:US$ 346:1949 278:US$ 166:The 154:2024 145:2023 136:2022 123:.org 100:2023 92:1901 5018:by 4402:at 1422:in 762:"; 752:"; 732:"; 239:for 172:for 82:SEK 6704:: 6662:: 6651:: 6640:: 6629:: 6607:: 6596:: 6585:: 6574:: 6563:: 6552:: 6541:: 6530:: 6519:: 6508:: 6497:: 6486:: 6475:: 6464:: 6453:: 6442:: 6431:: 6420:: 6409:: 6398:: 6376:: 6365:: 6354:: 6343:: 6332:: 6321:: 6310:: 6299:: 6288:: 6277:: 6266:: 6255:: 6244:: 6233:: 6222:: 6211:: 6200:: 6189:: 6178:: 6167:: 6145:: 6134:: 6123:: 6112:: 6101:: 6090:: 6079:/ 6075:: 6064:: 6053:: 6042:: 6031:: 6020:: 6009:: 5998:: 5987:/ 5983:: 5972:: 5960:: 5949:: 5938:: 5927:: 5905:: 5894:: 5883:: 5872:: 5861:: 5850:: 5839:: 5828:: 5817:: 5806:: 5795:: 5784:: 5773:: 5762:: 5751:: 5740:: 5729:: 5671:: 5660:: 5649:: 5638:: 5618:: 5607:: 5596:: 5580:: 5569:: 5558:: 5547:: 5536:: 5525:: 5514:: 5503:: 5492:: 5481:: 5470:: 5448:: 5437:: 5417:/ 5413:: 5402:: 5391:: 5371:: 5360:: 5349:: 5338:: 5327:: 5316:: 5305:: 5294:: 5283:: 5272:/ 5268:: 5257:: 5246:: 5235:: 4605:by 4338:– 4279:. 4275:. 4248:. 4244:. 4217:. 4168:. 4164:. 4145:. 4119:. 4113:. 4086:. 4082:. 4063:. 4059:. 4032:. 3995:. 3969:. 3965:. 3938:. 3899:. 3873:. 3869:. 3803:. 3797:. 3775:^ 3722:, 3696:. 3653:, 3475:^ 3445:^ 3427:. 3421:. 3399:. 3366:. 3362:. 3331:. 3305:. 3301:. 3195:. 3144:^ 3126:. 3122:. 3095:. 3091:. 3059:. 3057:56 3024:. 3018:. 2988:. 2984:. 2801:^ 2757:^ 2735:. 2722:^ 2700:. 2685:^ 2624:^ 2561:: 2435:. 2382:. 2351:. 2314:. 2296:^ 2267:^ 2256:, 2227:^ 2149:^ 2138:: 2103:, 2070:. 2066:. 2014:. 1996:. 1982:^ 1912:. 1867:. 1863:. 1811:. 1795:^ 1777:. 1773:. 1769:. 1755:^ 1724:^ 1706:. 1702:. 1688:^ 1644:. 1640:. 1531:, 1527:, 1516:. 1508:, 1504:, 1457:, 1415:. 1403:, 1315:. 1266:. 1246:– 1230:. 1198:, 1182:, 1170:, 1158:, 1109:. 1093:, 1081:, 1033:. 1021:, 1002:, 998:, 933:, 929:, 925:, 921:, 917:, 913:, 909:, 892:. 672:. 659:, 619:. 611:, 607:, 595:, 591:, 571:, 555:, 387:. 369:kr 304:. 264:, 260:, 256:, 243:in 178:: 6680:: 5588:) 5584:( 5206:e 5199:t 5192:v 4453:e 4446:t 4439:v 4366:. 4318:. 4291:. 4260:. 4229:. 4180:. 4131:. 4098:. 4044:. 4011:. 3981:. 3950:. 3917:. 3885:. 3815:. 3618:. 3580:. 3553:. 3526:. 3499:. 3469:. 3439:. 3378:. 3347:. 3317:. 3246:. 3168:. 3138:. 3107:. 3076:. 3036:. 3000:. 2970:. 2944:. 2918:. 2892:. 2866:. 2830:" 2810:" 2781:. 2751:. 2716:. 2679:. 2653:. 2618:. 2592:. 2531:. 2504:. 2478:. 2451:. 2420:. 2394:. 2363:. 2332:. 2290:. 2221:. 2195:. 2082:. 2052:. 2026:. 1976:. 1931:. 1879:. 1849:. 1823:. 1789:. 1749:. 1718:. 1682:. 1656:. 547:" 486:. 316:. 276:( 150:· 140:· 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Nobel Prize in Literature

Index