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containing an explosive charge and c. 3 kg (7 lb) xylyl bromide. The attack was a complete failure because the winter weather was too cold to permit an effective aerosol, and the agent was either blown back towards the German lines, fell harmlessly to the ground, or was insufficiently
129:
in March 1915 was also unsuccessful. Nevertheless, because of its ease of manufacture xylyl bromide was widely used in World War I, in particular as a component of the
Germans'
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and has an odor reminiscent of lilac. All members and the mixture are colourless liquids, although commercial or older samples appear yellowish.
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212:
In the absence of clarification, the name "xylyl bromide" may refer to any one of these isomers or a mixture of all three.
116:
The first extensive use of xylyl bromide was the firing by German forces of 18,000 "T-shells" at
Russian positions in the
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105:. Some commentators say the first use was in August 1914, when the French attacked German soldiers with
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Corey J Hilmas; Jeffery K Smart; Benjamin A Hill (2008). "Chapter 2: History of
Chemical Warfare".
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204:-xylyl bromide (4-methylbenzyl bromide, systematic name 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene) (
187:-xylyl bromide (3-methylbenzyl bromide, systematic name 1-(bromomethyl)-3-methylbenzene) (
170:-xylyl bromide (2-methylbenzyl bromide, systematic name 1-(bromomethyl)-2-methylbenzene) (
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grenades, but the agent used in that incident was more likely to be
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in
January 1915. The shells were modified 15 cm (6 inch)
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Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
248:"Chemists and bad smells (and sulfur): A productive pairing"
1521:
1516:
1075:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
1908:
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319:
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125:concentrated to cause damage. A similar attack at
314:
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50:('substance-T'), is any member or a mixture of
245:
113:, which the French had tested before the war.
372:
295:
352:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) record
379:
365:
270:
18:
81:). The mixture was formerly used as a
2476:
1260:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
1254:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
1502:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
360:
138:
1591:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
327:Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare
13:
1207:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
88:
14:
2505:
1222:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
1212:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
345:
296:Michael Duffy (August 22, 2009).
93:Xylyl bromide is an irritant and
1050:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
493:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
2458:List of chemical warfare agents
681:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
222:Chemical weapons in World War I
97:. It has been incorporated in
289:
273:"Poison Gas and World war One"
264:
239:
147:, collectively referred to by
1:
298:"Weapons of War - Poison Gas"
232:
2494:World War I chemical weapons
1534:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
1080:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
7:
1316:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
1176:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
1045:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
215:
16:Group of chemical compounds
10:
2510:
2155:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
1623:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
949:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
101:since the early months of
52:organic chemical compounds
2453:
2413:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
2394:
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2207:
2168:
2032:
1809:
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1618:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
1547:
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1037:
1029:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
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35:-isomers of xylyl bromide
2130:Chloroacetophenone oxime
2115:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
1723:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
1633:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
1280:Phosphorus pentachloride
1105:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
23:From left to right, the
2409:(variants and mixtures)
1678:Trichloronitrosomethane
1673:Trifluoronitrosomethane
1248:Methyldichlorophosphine
135:(white cross) mixture.
2208:Cornea-clouding agents
1703:Phosphorus trichloride
1285:Phosphorus trichloride
1019:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
473:Phosphorus trifluoride
36:
1602:Disulfur decafluoride
1403:Chlorophenylsilatrane
1311:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
277:History Learning Site
22:
2402:Methyl fluoroacetate
2230:Methyl cyanoacrylate
2150:Allyl isothiocyanate
1738:Uranium hexafluoride
1693:Dinitrogen tetroxide
1638:Chlorine trifluoride
686:Selenium oxychloride
556:Phenyldichloroarsine
550:Methyldichloroarsine
488:Nickel tetracarbonyl
246:Ashutosh Jogalekar.
44:methylbenzyl bromide
2489:Lachrymatory agents
2095:Bromobenzyl cyanide
1863:Dimethylheptylpyran
1791:Diphenylcyanoarsine
1786:Diphenylchlorarsine
1718:Methyl vinyl ketone
1643:Perchloryl fluoride
1507:Bicyclic phosphates
1326:Trimethyl phosphite
1275:Phosphoryl chloride
544:Ethyldichloroarsine
518:Chloral cyanohydrin
508:Acetone cyanohydrin
478:Methyl cyanoformate
252:Scientific American
227:Tetrabromo-o-xylene
149:CAS registry number
2463:CB military symbol
2321:Enterotoxin type B
2276:Cyclopiazonic acid
2235:N-Methylmorpholine
2135:Ethyl bromoacetate
1613:Ethyl bromoacetate
1580:Perfluoroisobutene
1321:Triethyl phosphite
592:Levinstein mustard
483:Iron pentacarbonyl
139:Structural isomers
111:ethyl bromoacetate
95:lachrymatory agent
37:
2471:
2470:
2281:Histrionicotoxins
2259:Biological toxins
2140:Ethyl iodoacetate
1708:Methyl isocyanate
1668:Selenoyl fluoride
1658:Mercuric chloride
1628:Tetranitromethane
1482:Sulfuryl fluoride
1467:HN3 hydrochloride
1462:HN2 hydrochloride
1457:HN1 hydrochloride
1344:
1343:
1301:Phenacyl chloride
1296:Pinacolyl alcohol
1242:Isopropyl alcohol
1237:4-Hydroxycoumarin
1171:1,8-Dibromooctane
694:
693:
618:Nitrogen mustards
431:Cyanogen chloride
337:. pp. 12–14.
302:firstworldwar.com
118:Battle of Bolimów
56:molecular formula
2501:
2445:White phosphorus
2422:post-combustion
2418:Depleted uranium
2245:Osmium tetroxide
2125:Phenacyl bromide
1688:Nitrogen dioxide
1663:Selenium dioxide
1653:Cadmium chloride
1110:Dimefox (TL-792)
705:
704:
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458:Hydrogen sulfide
437:Hydrogen cyanide
426:Cyanogen bromide
392:chemical warfare
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99:chemical weapons
42:, also known as
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2080:Benzyl chloride
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1796:Cacodyl cyanide
1758:Vomiting agents
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1452:Dimethylmercury
1374:Botulinum toxin
1340:
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888:Novichok agents
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584:Sulfur mustards
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468:Carbon monoxide
448:Cacodyl cyanide
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390:Agents used in
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89:Use as a weapon
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2371:Tetanospasmin
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2366:T-2 mycotoxin
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2296:Batrachotoxin
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2240:Allyl alcohol
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2105:Chloroacetone
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2053:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:Xylyl bromide
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:Butyrophenone
1830:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1801:o-Dianisidine
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:Cadmium oxide
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Batrachotoxin
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:Tetanospasmin
1378:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:
938:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
891:
889:
885:
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876:
875:
873:
869:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
800:
796:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
764:
761:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
712:
710:
706:
703:
701:
697:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
671:
667:
660:
657:
656:
654:
652:
651:Nettle agents
648:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
621:
619:
615:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
593:
590:
589:
587:
585:
581:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
540:
538:
534:
531:
529:
525:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
453:Cacodyl oxide
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
416:
414:
410:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
389:
388:
382:
377:
375:
370:
368:
363:
362:
359:
353:
350:
349:
336:
329:
328:
320:
318:
303:
299:
292:
278:
274:
267:
253:
249:
242:
238:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
213:
207:
203:
198:
193:
190:
186:
181:
176:
173:
169:
164:
159:
158:
157:
154:
150:
146:
136:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
86:
84:
80:
66:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:Xylyl-bromide
34:
30:
26:
21:
2376:Tetrodotoxin
2326:Grayanotoxin
2110:Bromoacetone
2100:Thiophosgene
2055:Mace (spray)
2049:Pepper spray
2043:
2034:Lachrymatory
2019:Fluphenazine
2014:Procarbazine
1924:Sleeping gas
1772:Chloropicrin
1683:Nitric oxide
1585:Chloropicrin
1529:Cloflubicyne
1492:Oxotremorine
1441:Antillatoxin
1420:Tetrodotoxin
1369:Bungarotoxin
1265:Nitromethane
1227:Formaldoxime
1166:Cyclohexanol
1131:Acetonitrile
878:GV (EA-5365)
700:Nerve agents
503:Lactonitrile
413:Blood agents
402:riot control
326:
305:. Retrieved
301:
291:
280:. Retrieved
276:
266:
255:. Retrieved
251:
241:
211:
201:
184:
167:
142:
130:
115:
92:
47:
43:
39:
38:
32:
28:
24:
2386:Veratridine
2361:Shiga toxin
2316:Domoic acid
2179:Thioacetone
2145:Iodoacetone
2009:Pentazocine
2004:Sevoflurane
1969:CAR-302,668
1964:CAR-302,282
1959:CAR-302,196
1954:CAR-301,060
1949:CAR-226,086
1929:Carfentanil
1827:Apomorphine
1748:Green Cross
1539:Domoic acid
1350:Neurotoxins
1270:OPA mixture
1161:Chlorosoman
1156:Chlorosarin
1090:Phospholine
789:Crotylsarin
774:Fluorotabun
746:Chlorosoman
728:Chlorosarin
206:NIST record
189:NIST record
172:NIST record
103:World War I
2478:Categories
2336:Maitotoxin
2331:Guanitoxin
2311:Ciguatoxin
2306:Brevetoxin
2291:Anatoxin-a
2286:Aflatoxins
2199:Putrescine
2194:Cadaverine
2170:Malodorant
1994:Isoflurane
1979:Desflurane
1974:Benperidol
1919:Psilocybin
1914:PAVA spray
1596:Diphosgene
1549:Pulmonary/
1477:Picrotoxin
1436:Strychnine
1430:Brevetoxin
1414:Maitotoxin
1397:Guanitoxin
1391:Ciguatoxin
1358:Anatoxin-a
1291:Pinacolone
1124:Precursors
1085:Selenophos
941:Carbamates
857:Chinese VX
763:Cyclosarin
752:Ethylsarin
723:Sarin (GB)
574:Lewisite 3
568:Lewisite 2
537:Arsenicals
307:2010-08-26
282:2010-08-26
257:2020-01-04
233:References
153:35884-77-6
132:Weisskreuz
127:Nieuwpoort
2431:Plutonium
2381:Volkensin
2356:Saxitoxin
2346:Palytoxin
2271:Aconitine
1999:Halothane
1989:Bufotenin
1984:Enflurane
1904:Kolokol-1
1884:Pethidine
1858:Etoxadrol
1843:Etorphine
1839:(CS-4640)
1823:(CS-4030)
1781:glycerine
1728:Salcomine
1487:Tremorine
1425:Aconitine
1408:Palytoxin
1386:Ryanodine
1363:Saxitoxin
1100:Ro 3-0422
871:GV agents
734:Thiosarin
463:Phosphine
54:with the
2440:Polonium
2341:Modeccin
2250:Acrolein
2215:Lewisite
2120:Acrolein
1944:CS-27349
1894:Ibogaine
1777:Litharge
1766:Adamsite
1743:Diborane
1733:Fluomine
1713:Ethenone
1608:Acrolein
1575:Fluorine
1569:Phosgene
1559:Chlorine
959:EA-3887A
931:C01-A042
926:C01-A039
921:C01-A035
799:V-agents
709:G-agents
594:(EA-229)
562:Lewisite
421:Cyanogen
216:See also
197:104-81-4
180:620-13-3
107:tear gas
83:tear gas
2189:Skatole
2184:Allicin
1899:EA-3834
1889:EA-3580
1879:EA-3443
1874:EA-3167
1869:EA-2148
1853:CS-4297
1848:EA-2092
1837:EA-4941
1564:Bromine
1202:EA-1224
1182:EA-1250
1095:R-16661
1070:EA-2613
1065:EA-2098
1060:EA-2054
1055:EA-2012
1024:3152 CT
1014:TL-1317
1009:TL-1299
1004:TL-1238
974:EA-4056
969:EA-3990
964:EA-3966
954:EA-3887
852:EA-1763
812:EA-3148
807:EA-2192
784:EA-4352
779:EA-1356
513:Stibine
194:CAS RN
177:CAS RN
163:89-92-9
160:CAS RN
156:, are:
145:isomers
48:T-stoff
31:-, and
2407:Napalm
2172:agents
2036:agents
1939:JB-336
1934:JB-318
1909:LSD-25
1865:(DMHP)
1813:agents
1472:A-8564
1432:(PbTX)
1382:(TeNT)
999:TL-599
989:T-1194
984:T-1152
979:T-1123
748:(ClGD)
730:(ClGB)
641:TL-301
443:Arsine
143:Three
2395:Other
2351:Ricin
2266:Abrin
2225:KB-16
1512:IPTBO
1443:(ATX)
1416:(MTX)
1410:(PTX)
1399:(GTX)
1393:(CTX)
1376:(BTX)
1232:Nital
1038:Other
916:A-262
911:A-242
906:A-234
901:A-232
896:A-208
740:Soman
736:(SGB)
717:Tabun
676:KB-16
669:Other
331:(PDF)
25:ortho
2433:and
2051:(OC)
1768:(DM)
1598:(DP)
1587:(PS)
1571:(CG)
1522:TBPS
1517:TBPO
1365:(TZ)
1287:(TH)
1256:(DF)
1250:(SW)
1244:(TB)
1217:DMHP
1197:DEHP
1187:DIHP
1178:(KB)
1115:MSPI
765:(GF)
754:(GE)
742:(GD)
719:(GA)
661:(CX)
608:CEES
576:(L3)
570:(L2)
558:(PD)
552:(MD)
546:(ED)
439:(AC)
433:(CK)
74:)(CH
33:para
29:meta
2075:CNS
1604:(Z)
1146:AlP
1141:ATO
636:HN3
631:HN2
626:HN1
564:(L)
70:(CH
46:or
27:-,
2480::
2220:CX
2070:CR
2065:CS
2060:CN
1821:BZ
1336:TG
1331:TC
1306:QL
1192:ZS
1136:AT
847:VX
842:VS
837:VR
832:VP
827:VM
822:VG
817:VE
769:GP
758:GH
333:.
316:^
300:.
275:.
250:.
200::
183::
166::
79:Br
1779:-
603:Q
598:T
380:e
373:t
366:v
310:.
285:.
260:.
208:)
202:p
191:)
185:m
174:)
168:o
76:2
72:3
68:4
65:H
62:6
59:C
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