35:
334:(849–899), used in the many literary translations produced under Alfred's patronage (and some by Alfred himself). It is often referred to as Alfredian Old English, or Alfredian. The language of these texts nonetheless sometimes reflects the influence of other dialects besides that of Wessex.
399:, which was also the capital city of the Saxon kings. However, while other Old English dialects were still spoken in other parts of the country, it seems that all scribes wrote and copied manuscripts in this prestigious written form. Well-known poems recorded in this language include
390:
Late West Saxon was the dialect that became the first standardised written "English" ("Winchester standard"), sometimes referred to as "classical" Old
English. This dialect was spoken mostly in the south and west around the important
321:
of the late 10th and 11th centuries. Due to the Saxons' establishment as a politically dominant force in the Old
English period, the West Saxon dialects became the strongest dialects in Old English manuscript writing.
528:
as the language of the aristocracy, and any standard written
English became a distant memory by the mid-twelfth century as the last scribes, trained as boys before the conquest in West Saxon, died as old men.
378:
in 1066, the language had evolved into Late West Saxon, which had established itself as a written language and replaced the
Alfredian language, following the Athewoldian language reform set in train by Bishop
411:. However, both these poems appear to have been written originally in other Old English dialects, but later translated into the standard Late West Saxon literary language when they were copied by scribes.
524:
textbooks and scribal conventions, and there was less need to copy or write in Old
English. Latin soon became the dominant language of scholarship and legal documents, with
795:
763:
800:
387:, Ælfric the Grammarian. Despite their similarities, Late West Saxon is not considered by some to be a direct descendant of Early West Saxon.
566:
265:
690:
561:
17:
123:
305:(the latter two were similar and are known as the Anglian dialects). West Saxon was the language of the kingdom of
258:
615:
166:
805:
294:
65:
810:
251:
375:
107:
423:
380:
541:
768:
302:
203:
174:
75:
739:
687:
290:
188:
136:
549:
525:
148:
118:
710:
227:
43:
384:
8:
664:
639:
348:
113:
153:
103:
98:
545:
427:
362:
331:
314:
571:
309:, and was the basis for successive widely used literary forms of Old English: the
815:
726:
591:
509:
298:
70:
537:
533:
415:
237:
232:
222:
548:, and not from West Saxon. Low Late West Saxon is the distant ancestor of the
789:
694:
407:
342:
51:
396:
532:
The new standard languages that would come into being in the times of
512:
in 1066. Monasteries did not keep the standard going because
English
419:
392:
198:
665:"Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 173: The Parker Chronicle"
517:
401:
352:
143:
34:
513:
306:
508:
The "Winchester standard" gradually fell out of use after the
521:
383:. The name most associated with that reform is that of Abbot
193:
709:. Cambridge University Press, p. 117. For more detail see
289:
with West Saxon being one of the four distinct regional
281:is the term applied to the two different dialects
669:Parker Library On the Web - Spotlight at Stanford
787:
616:"King Alfred's Translation of the Pastoral Care"
662:
567:Wiktionary's coverage of Early West Saxon terms
572:Wiktionary's coverage of Late West Saxon terms
330:Early West Saxon was the language employed by
707:The Cambridge History of the English Language
259:
723:The Anglo-Saxon Version of the Holy Gospels
361:Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 173:
266:
252:
562:Wiktionary's coverage of West Saxon terms
796:Languages attested from the 9th century
462:Urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg,
14:
788:
764:"Languages used in medieval documents"
801:Languages extinct in the 12th century
503:
472:swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum.
341:King Alfred's Preface to Gregory's
325:
24:
369:
25:
827:
437:Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum,
477:And ne gelæd þu us on costnunge,
33:
740:"Aelfric's Lives of the Saints"
688:Old English Plus. "Appendix 1."
756:
732:
716:
699:
681:
656:
632:
608:
584:
520:bishops who brought their own
457:on eorðan swa swa on heofonum.
13:
1:
592:"The dialects of Old English"
577:
418:from around 990, the text of
7:
555:
365:(The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle)
10:
832:
376:Norman conquest of England
175:Development of Old English
705:Hogg, Richard M. (1992).
467:and forgyf us ure gyltas,
357:Historia adversus paganos
769:University of Nottingham
540:were descended from the
293:. The three others were
381:Æthelwold of Winchester
349:Old English translation
291:dialects of Old English
516:were soon replaced by
27:Dialect of Old English
18:West Saxon Old English
663:Stanford University.
640:"Old English Orosius"
550:West Country dialects
542:East Midlands dialect
442:si þin nama gehalgod.
149:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
806:Old English dialects
711:Old English dialects
494:Ælfric of Eynsham's
482:ac alys us of yfele.
363:The Parker Chronicle
228:Early Modern English
124:Phonological history
744:The British Library
644:The British Library
620:The British Library
496:Lives of the Saints
447:To becume þin rice,
374:By the time of the
811:Standard languages
504:Later developments
452:gewurþe ðin willa,
430:, is as follows:
385:Ælfric of Eynsham
317:'s time, and the
276:
275:
16:(Redirected from
823:
780:
779:
777:
776:
760:
754:
753:
751:
750:
736:
730:
720:
714:
703:
697:
685:
679:
678:
676:
675:
660:
654:
653:
651:
650:
636:
630:
629:
627:
626:
612:
606:
605:
603:
602:
588:
326:Early West Saxon
315:Alfred the Great
311:Early West Saxon
283:Early West Saxon
268:
261:
254:
37:
30:
29:
21:
831:
830:
826:
825:
824:
822:
821:
820:
786:
785:
784:
783:
774:
772:
762:
761:
757:
748:
746:
738:
737:
733:
727:Benjamin Thorpe
721:
717:
704:
700:
686:
682:
673:
671:
661:
657:
648:
646:
638:
637:
633:
624:
622:
614:
613:
609:
600:
598:
590:
589:
585:
580:
558:
510:Norman Conquest
506:
372:
370:Late West Saxon
337:List of texts:
328:
319:Late West Saxon
287:Late West Saxon
272:
243:
242:
218:
210:
209:
208:
169:
159:
158:
139:
129:
128:
101:
94:
86:
85:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
829:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
782:
781:
755:
731:
715:
698:
693:2007-08-15 at
680:
655:
631:
607:
596:www.uni-due.de
582:
581:
579:
576:
575:
574:
569:
564:
557:
554:
538:Modern English
534:Middle English
505:
502:
501:
500:
499:
498:
491:
490:
489:List of texts:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
424:Matthew 6:9–13
416:Wessex Gospels
371:
368:
367:
366:
359:
345:
327:
324:
274:
273:
271:
270:
263:
256:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:
235:
233:Modern English
230:
225:
223:Middle English
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
189:Proto-Germanic
185:
184:
178:
177:
171:
170:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
140:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
108:Latin alphabet
104:Runic alphabet
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
828:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
771:
770:
765:
759:
745:
741:
735:
729:, 1848, p.11.
728:
724:
719:
712:
708:
702:
696:
695:archive.today
692:
689:
684:
670:
666:
659:
645:
641:
635:
621:
617:
611:
597:
593:
587:
583:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
497:
493:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
432:
431:
429:
428:Lord's Prayer
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
409:
404:
403:
398:
394:
388:
386:
382:
377:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
344:
343:Pastoral Care
340:
339:
338:
335:
333:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
269:
264:
262:
257:
255:
250:
249:
247:
246:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
214:
213:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
172:
168:
163:
162:
155:
154:Cædmon's Hymn
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
138:
133:
132:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
109:
105:
100:
97:
96:
90:
89:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
773:. Retrieved
767:
758:
747:. Retrieved
743:
734:
722:
718:
706:
701:
683:
672:. Retrieved
668:
658:
647:. Retrieved
643:
634:
623:. Retrieved
619:
610:
599:. Retrieved
595:
586:
544:, which was
531:
526:Anglo-Norman
507:
495:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
413:
406:
400:
389:
373:
356:
336:
329:
318:
310:
303:Northumbrian
286:
282:
278:
277:
181:
80:
76:Northumbrian
332:King Alfred
99:Orthography
52:Old English
790:Categories
775:2022-12-22
749:2019-01-30
674:2019-01-30
649:2019-01-30
625:2019-01-30
601:2019-01-30
578:References
397:Winchester
279:West Saxon
182:Influences
137:Literature
81:West Saxon
420:Matthew 6
393:monastery
204:Brittonic
119:Phonology
691:Archived
556:See also
487:Soþlice.
60:Dialects
44:a series
42:Part of
546:Anglian
514:bishops
426:), the
414:In the
402:Beowulf
353:Orosius
299:Mercian
295:Kentish
167:History
144:Beowulf
114:Grammar
71:Mercian
66:Kentish
816:Wessex
518:Norman
408:Judith
307:Wessex
217:Legacy
522:Latin
238:Scots
199:Norse
194:Latin
536:and
405:and
347:The
301:and
285:and
395:at
355:'s
351:of
313:of
93:Use
792::
766:.
742:.
725:,
667:.
642:.
618:.
594:.
552:.
297:,
106:,
46:on
778:.
752:.
713:.
677:.
652:.
628:.
604:.
422:(
267:e
260:t
253:v
110:)
102:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
