3115:
72:
977:
3104:, caskets, a font, dishes, and graffiti). The database includes, in addition, 16 inscriptions containing a single rune, several runic coins, and 8 cases of dubious runic characters (runelike signs, possible Latin characters, weathered characters). Comprising fewer than 200 inscriptions, the corpus is slightly larger than that of Continental Elder Futhark (about 80 inscriptions, c. 400–700), but slightly smaller than that of the Scandinavian Elder Futhark (about 260 inscriptions, c. 200–800).
2947:
35:
259:
6260:
5134:
3049:
2361:
2023:
969:
2392:
999:
2263:
1509:
1989:
1228:
561:
1403:
215:
2293:
2456:
1592:
1921:
1882:
1957:
1662:
1754:
1190:
2327:
2233:
1818:
1624:
1336:
1124:
1850:
1371:
2057:
1710:
1555:
2420:
1504:
1440:
1301:
1267:
2093:
1786:
1156:
1472:
805:
3036:(written in Latin), a man named Imma cannot be bound by his captors and is asked if he is using "litteras solutorias" (loosening letters) to break his binds. In one Old English translation of the passage, Imma is asked if he is using "drycraft" (magic, druidcraft) or "runestaves" to break his binds. Furthermore, futhorc
924:
came to be used as extensions of the Latin alphabet. By the time of the Norman
Conquest of 1066 it was very rare, and it disappeared altogether a few centuries thereafter. From at least five centuries of use, fewer than 200 artifacts bearing futhorc inscriptions have survived.
915:
continued for several centuries, usage of the futhorc expanded. Runic writing in
England became closely associated with the Latin scriptoria from the time of Anglo-Saxon Christianization in the 7th century. In some cases, texts would be written in the Latin alphabet, and
828:. Another holds that runes were first introduced to Britain from the mainland where they were then modified and exported to Frisia. Both theories have their inherent weaknesses, and a definitive answer may come from further archaeological evidence.
3096:
aims at collecting the genuine corpus of Old
English inscriptions containing more than two runes in its paper edition, while the electronic edition aims at including both genuine and doubtful inscriptions down to single-rune inscriptions.
984:
The letter sequence and letter inventory of futhorc, along with the actual sounds indicated by those letters, could vary depending on location and time. That being so, an authentic and unified list of runes is not possible.
547:
by missionaries. Futhorc runes were no longer in common use by the eleventh century, but MS Oxford St John's
College 17 indicates that fairly accurate understanding of them persisted into at least the twelfth century.
528:, expanding to 28 characters in its older form and up to 34 characters in its younger form. In contemporary Scandinavia, the Older Futhark developed into a shorter 16-character alphabet, today simply called
3100:
The corpus of the paper edition encompasses about one hundred objects (including stone slabs, stone crosses, bones, rings, brooches, weapons, urns, a writing tablet, tweezers, a sun-dial, comb,
4546:(Bibliographie der Runeninschriften nach Fundorten, Bd. I), Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phil.-hist. Klasse, dritte Folge, Nr. 48, Göttingen 1961, pp. 10–16.
4259:
2521:
only appear in manuscripts. The unnamed ę rune only appears on the
Baconsthorpe Grip. The unnamed į rune only appears on the Sedgeford Handle. While the rune poem and Cotton MS
2592:
was invented merely to give futhorc an equivalent to 'Q'. The ę rune is likely a local innovation, possibly representing an unstressed vowel, and may derive its shape from
39:
The Malton Pin, inscribed with eleven runes: ᚠ, ᚢ, ᚦ, ᚩ, ᚱ, ᚳ, ᚷ, ᛚ, ᚪ, ᚫ, and ᛖ ("f, u, th, o, r, c, g, l, a, æ, and e"), meaning unknown, possibly intended as magical.
3830:
4203:
2616:
Various runic combinations are found in the futhorc corpus. For example, the sequence ᚫᚪ appears on the
Mortain Casket where ᛠ could theoretically have been used.
2990:
is attested to in a few manuscripts. This was done by having a rune stand for its name, or a similar sounding word. In the sole extant manuscript of the poem
3791:
4394:——— (2006), "Das Futhark und seine Weiterentwicklung in der anglo-friesischen Überlieferung", in Bammesberger, A; Waxenberger (eds.),
201:
11906:
11390:
12336:
12326:
11901:
10430:
10063:
4590:
2986:
are common in futhorc (relative to its small corpus), and were seemingly used most often to ensure the runes would fit in a limited space. Futhorc
948:) is in Roman script. The coffin is also an example of an object created at the heart of the Anglo-Saxon church that uses runes. A leading expert,
12316:
12306:
11896:
11891:
11886:
4253:
4637:
4585:
3111:. Looijenga (1997) lists 23 English (including two 7th-century Christian inscriptions) and 21 Frisian inscriptions predating the 9th century.
3089:
14032:
12321:
452:
3107:
Runic finds in
England cluster along the east coast with a few finds scattered further inland in Southern England. Frisian finds cluster in
3031:
791:
11465:
5170:
14064:
5083:
2150:
388:
4231:
6217:
3813:
Page, Raymond Ian (1989), "Roman and Runic on St
Cuthbert's Coffin", in Bonner, Gerald; Rollason, David; Stancliffe, Clare (eds.),
6235:
953:
416:
1063:
4920:
2697:
13254:
4610:
1035:
15134:
11383:
4527:
4501:
4482:
4407:
3824:
13703:
3814:
535:
Use of the Anglo-Frisian runes is likely to have started in the 5th century onward and they continued to see use into the
13140:
11452:
7832:
7191:
4187:
1042:
649:
421:
337:
232:
11676:
2996:, the ēðel rune was used as a logogram for the word ēðel (meaning "homeland", or "estate"). Both the Hackness Stone and
820:
There are competing theories about the origins of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc. One theory proposes that it was developed in
5114:
4630:
4568:
4197:
3615:
3387:
Chessel Down II (Isle of Wight) silver plate (attached to the scabbard mouthpiece of a ring-sword), early 6th century;
1016:
14902:
14888:
14858:
13997:
5316:
4453:
4100:
1082:
445:
378:
275:
2576:, and that they were invented to address the ambiguity which arose from /k/ and /g/ spawning palatalized offshoots.
15120:
13837:
13234:
11376:
10710:
9971:
9325:
5278:
3983:
2791:
1049:
784:
11681:
13560:
12821:
6296:
6240:
5448:
4511:
2224:
2048:
1115:
692:
183:
3787:
2137:
The first 24 of these runes directly continue the elder futhark letters, and do not deviate in sequence (though
15127:
13693:
13332:
10890:
9919:
9281:
9016:
8631:
8030:
7977:
7389:
7336:
6773:
6230:
5498:
5303:
5163:
4337:"Anglo-Saxon Micro-Texts – Practical Runic Literacy in the Late Anglo-Saxon Period: Inscriptions on Lead Sheet"
1020:
342:
285:
3632:
zoomorphic silver-gilt knife mount, discovered in the River Thames near
Westminster Bridge (late 8th century)
1031:
13802:
13327:
12385:
5137:
4623:
3777:
Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First
Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (January/February 2000): 21.
3482:
1947:
591:
12664:
15113:
15092:
12380:
12155:
11671:
11447:
10584:
9620:
9011:
8937:
8626:
8541:
6611:
5379:
438:
280:
2501:, and elsewhere. Gar appears in manuscripts, and epigraphically on the Ruthwell Cross and probably on the
887:
rune may be from the 6th century, appearing on objects such as the Schweindorf solidus. The double-barred
197:
193:
14993:
14972:
13652:
13647:
13342:
13244:
11766:
11457:
8942:
8545:
6245:
5258:
5028:
5013:
2600:. Anglo-Saxon expert Gaby Waxenberger speculates that į may not be a true rune, but rather a bindrune of
1584:
1432:
1247:
952:, rejects the assumption often made in non-scholarly literature that runes were especially associated in
777:
15241:
15060:
13657:
13224:
12637:
11698:
10683:
9610:
9001:
8612:
7899:
7258:
6693:
5411:
5406:
5043:
3748:
633:
540:
12390:
11708:
13310:
13032:
12585:
12172:
11264:
10863:
9845:
9690:
9220:
9089:
8499:
8062:
8054:
7417:
6590:
6263:
5443:
5350:
5343:
5321:
5156:
4456:; chapter 20: 'The position of continental and Anglo-Frisian runic forms in the history of the older
2122:
2014:
1581:
1429:
4437:
3004:. In one manuscript (Corpus Christi College, MS 041) a writer seems to have used futhorc runes like
71:
14810:
14796:
14101:
12684:
12487:
11703:
5483:
5468:
5283:
5268:
4988:
3686:
Codex Sangallensis 270 — lists runes with their names, and explains how to use certain rune ciphers
3594:
3108:
729:
700:
601:
327:
14415:
11831:
4417:
Hines, J (1990), "The Runic Inscriptions of Early Anglo-Saxon England", in Bammesberger, A (ed.),
15099:
14127:
13084:
12761:
12740:
12620:
12600:
12432:
12103:
12007:
11484:
11442:
11399:
8946:
8549:
5598:
5488:
5478:
5473:
5293:
5273:
5230:
3695:
3539:
3037:
2997:
2210:
2132:
1219:
1009:
937:
897:
714:
228:
115:
83:
13817:
12756:
12746:
12679:
12189:
11622:
7679:
7672:
7497:
7081:
7074:
6898:
6000:
5433:
5428:
5355:
5250:
3689:
2967:(perhaps meaning something along the lines of "mystery letter" or "whisper letter"), or simply
2146:
1362:
1056:
662:
306:
179:
2199:
in other manuscripts. The words in parentheses in the name column are standardized spellings.
15201:
15106:
14895:
14844:
14304:
14226:
13990:
13929:
13914:
13483:
13362:
13104:
13064:
12796:
12472:
11656:
11644:
11617:
11602:
5298:
5188:
4875:
4861:
3705:
3435:(Norfolk), three cremation urns, 5th century; decorated with identical runic stamps, reading
3267:
2779:
2596:}. The unnamed į rune is found in a personal name (bįrnferþ), where it stands for a vowel or
674:
644:
520:) from the sound values of the first six runes. The futhorc was a development from the older
13909:
13114:
15246:
14965:
14716:
14393:
13889:
13544:
13508:
12913:
12836:
12669:
12417:
12407:
12246:
12229:
11545:
11347:
5389:
5360:
5263:
4646:
3671:
957:
862:
753:
569:
505:
426:
373:
357:
110:
3114:
3040:
have been found with what appear to be enchanted inscriptions for the stanching of blood.
2171:
The names of the runes above are based on Codex Vindobonensis 795, besides the names
8:
13792:
13688:
13410:
12933:
11639:
10737:
10112:
9267:
9094:
8712:
6731:
6321:
6289:
6225:
5438:
4909:
4889:
4225:
2485:
The runes in the second table, above, were not included in Codex Vindobonensis 795:
904:
639:
544:
393:
135:
120:
11955:
3719:
3485:, 5th century; possibly a Scandinavian import, in Elder Futhark transliteration reading
679:
14951:
14928:
14562:
14451:
14441:
14333:
14276:
14262:
14219:
13924:
13807:
13642:
13534:
13493:
13447:
13442:
13337:
13319:
12987:
12918:
12883:
12831:
12644:
12632:
12043:
11965:
11866:
11421:
11327:
10095:
8131:
8127:
8116:
5608:
5460:
5399:
5288:
5220:
5196:
4983:
4558:
4516:
4358:
4317:
3975:
3738:
1912:
606:
14184:
13842:
2179:
which come from The Byrhtferth's Manuscript and replace the seemingly corrupted names
861:, resulting in 26 runes. This was done to account for the new phoneme produced by the
15074:
15067:
14803:
14789:
14701:
14590:
14500:
14479:
14458:
14386:
14318:
14177:
14135:
14087:
13822:
13812:
13457:
13452:
13357:
13352:
13259:
13214:
13037:
13017:
12997:
12992:
12928:
12923:
12851:
12786:
12771:
12721:
12716:
12659:
12595:
12553:
12395:
12281:
12204:
11720:
11715:
11592:
10913:
8176:
5384:
5235:
5210:
5003:
4956:
4757:
4716:
4686:
4615:
4564:
4523:
4497:
4478:
4449:
4403:
4362:
4321:
4193:
4096:
3967:
3820:
2494:
2382:
831:
The early futhorc was nearly identical to the Elder Futhark, except for the split of
624:
352:
347:
1655:(otiose as a sound but still used to transliterate the Latin letter 'X' into runes)
15208:
15146:
15039:
15000:
14986:
14944:
14819:
14765:
14746:
14680:
14672:
14658:
14651:
14576:
14372:
14347:
14283:
14255:
14170:
14156:
14073:
14046:
13983:
13894:
13797:
13619:
13462:
13089:
13069:
13059:
13054:
12938:
12694:
12627:
12615:
12580:
12575:
12558:
12497:
12462:
12422:
12224:
12219:
12167:
12118:
12002:
11936:
11876:
11826:
11771:
11688:
11666:
11651:
11597:
11587:
11521:
8326:
5807:
5179:
5063:
4927:
4818:
4793:
4464:
4380:
Bammesberger, A, ed. (1991), "Old English Runes and their Continental Background",
4348:
4309:
4281:
4167:
4148:
4088:
4069:
4051:
4005:
3933:
3869:
3663:
3053:
2577:
2550:
1292:
941:
877:
536:
521:
248:
15046:
14241:
13867:
13518:
12888:
4518:
Old English and its Closest Relatives: A Survey of the Earliest Germanic Languages
15032:
14724:
14665:
14611:
14604:
14583:
14569:
14553:
14531:
14486:
14379:
14354:
14326:
14311:
14234:
14212:
14205:
14163:
14123:
14094:
13782:
13752:
13575:
13498:
13264:
13194:
13099:
13047:
13027:
12963:
12953:
12943:
12908:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12776:
12731:
12726:
12610:
12605:
12452:
12442:
12296:
12261:
12256:
12236:
12130:
12088:
12028:
11911:
11881:
11791:
11751:
11693:
11627:
11607:
11555:
11538:
11526:
11357:
8726:
8153:
5416:
5394:
5338:
5308:
5192:
5018:
4813:
4803:
4788:
4711:
4468:
3951:
3919:
3758:
2502:
976:
596:
529:
383:
332:
169:
13229:
12412:
896:
characteristic of continental inscriptions is first attested as late as 698, on
15169:
15053:
14937:
14917:
14826:
14694:
14625:
14524:
14472:
14465:
14297:
14290:
14269:
14248:
14149:
14142:
13949:
13904:
13832:
13827:
13678:
13662:
13637:
13580:
13570:
13565:
13405:
13279:
13239:
13209:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13119:
13094:
13042:
12982:
12948:
12898:
12846:
12811:
12766:
12736:
12689:
12649:
12548:
12502:
12457:
12375:
12311:
12266:
12251:
12214:
12194:
12162:
12150:
12098:
12093:
12083:
12073:
12068:
11985:
11970:
11960:
11926:
11916:
11861:
11846:
11811:
11661:
11565:
11513:
11403:
9339:
6282:
6090:
5874:
5538:
5225:
4752:
3753:
3714:
3666:; 9th century (also known as the Thames scramasax); the only complete alphabet
3638:
3558:
3412:
3238:
Rasquert swordhandle (whalebone handle of a symbolic sword), late 8th century;
3173:
3009:
3005:
2759:
2686:
2513:'s place as /k/ where that consonant is followed by a secondary fronted vowel.
2490:
763:
758:
748:
493:
485:
129:
125:
13379:
4353:
4336:
4313:
4010:
Runes and Runic Inscriptions: Collected essays on Anglo-Saxon and Viking runes
3937:
3423:
Loveden Hill (Lincolnshire) urn; 5th to 6th century; reading uncertain, maybe
2946:
15235:
15176:
15025:
14958:
14881:
14851:
14709:
14687:
14618:
14514:
14493:
14340:
14198:
14116:
14109:
14080:
14039:
13954:
13944:
13939:
13726:
13420:
13079:
13022:
12674:
12447:
12331:
12286:
12241:
12209:
12058:
11975:
11948:
11921:
11851:
11836:
11821:
11776:
11533:
6336:
5849:
5812:
5772:
5638:
5367:
5326:
5088:
4914:
4601:
Portable Antiquities Scheme (has information on runic artefacts from England)
4474:
3971:
3924:
3733:
3674:; 8th-11th century lead plaque interpreted as bearing a healing inscription
3655:
3624:
3494:
Watchfield (Oxfordshire) copper fittings, 6th century; Elder Futhark reading
2802:
2498:
1896:
933:
825:
813:
809:
525:
141:
11995:
5951:
2145:
is an attested sequence in both elder futhark and futhorc). The manuscripts
804:
258:
34:
18:
Symbols used in the writing system of early Frisians and Anglo-Saxon peoples
14632:
14597:
14538:
14025:
13787:
13683:
13596:
13488:
13389:
13199:
13012:
12977:
12958:
12893:
12781:
12543:
12467:
12276:
12271:
12182:
12177:
12113:
12053:
12033:
11990:
11980:
11931:
11816:
11796:
11786:
11634:
11612:
11570:
11368:
11352:
10924:
10920:
10569:
10555:
10458:
10416:
10409:
10298:
10009:
9790:
9728:
9464:
9390:
9350:
9346:
9178:
8851:
8777:
8737:
8733:
8430:
8356:
8280:
8206:
8164:
8140:
8135:
7608:
7453:
7009:
6502:
6391:
5543:
5533:
5516:
5333:
3442:
3088:
The Old English and Old Frisian Runic Inscriptions database project at the
3001:
2554:
2037:
2003:
477:
266:
12841:
4055:
15215:
14979:
14910:
14191:
13882:
13742:
13503:
13347:
13204:
13109:
12878:
12806:
12791:
12699:
12492:
12402:
12301:
12291:
12145:
12108:
12063:
12048:
12023:
11943:
11871:
11856:
11560:
11342:
8536:
8160:
7714:
7449:
6854:
6850:
6347:
6343:
6025:
5983:
5906:
5819:
5687:
5677:
5588:
5372:
4933:
4903:
4560:
Texts & Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions (Northern World, 4)
3437:
3016:
929:
577:
501:
497:
301:
91:
87:
4823:
4696:
3979:
3955:
3048:
2360:
13872:
13847:
13415:
12858:
12348:
12343:
12199:
12140:
11781:
11332:
11322:
7700:
7098:
6202:
5990:
5973:
5921:
5911:
5896:
5864:
5854:
5732:
5682:
5558:
5553:
5521:
5240:
4943:
4938:
3432:
3020:
2071:
1724:
1242:
949:
945:
832:
4868:
15183:
15162:
15155:
13934:
13771:
13467:
13434:
13269:
13160:
12709:
12437:
12353:
12078:
11337:
10562:
10523:
10492:
10485:
10472:
10271:
9768:
9714:
9441:
9376:
9117:
8828:
8763:
8407:
8342:
8257:
8192:
7686:
7483:
7088:
6884:
6377:
6197:
6192:
6182:
6115:
6020:
5916:
5879:
5869:
5829:
5782:
5777:
5727:
5667:
5593:
5583:
5563:
5526:
5511:
5119:
5033:
4747:
4595:
4300:
Bammesberger, Alfred (2002), "The Brandon Antler Runic Inscription",
3641:; 8th century, the inscription may be partly a modern reconstruction
3215:
3101:
2983:
2979:
2597:
2391:
2107:
2022:
1935:
1170:
968:
724:
512:, ᚱᚢᚾᚪ, "rune"). Today, the characters are known collectively as the
13877:
10548:
10542:
10510:
10504:
10451:
10291:
10285:
10201:
10052:
9781:
9454:
8841:
8420:
8270:
7598:
6999:
6492:
6486:
4808:
4671:
1688:
998:
13899:
13862:
13857:
13737:
13698:
13539:
13298:
13183:
13074:
12816:
12704:
12654:
12525:
12038:
11841:
11801:
11582:
11575:
11426:
10465:
10423:
10305:
10278:
9797:
9721:
9471:
9383:
9185:
9124:
8858:
8770:
8437:
8349:
8287:
8199:
7828:
7615:
7490:
7187:
7016:
6891:
6509:
6384:
6316:
6170:
6155:
6135:
6120:
6100:
6075:
6060:
6055:
6035:
6005:
5995:
5946:
5936:
5931:
5762:
5747:
5722:
5702:
5672:
5662:
5657:
5628:
5623:
5613:
5548:
5506:
5215:
5148:
5073:
4993:
3611:
3118:
The Thames zoomorphic silver-gilt (knife?) mount (late 8th century)
3015:
There is some evidence of futhorc rune magic. The possibly magical
2987:
2549:
is only attested once outside of manuscripts (on the Brandon Pin).
2292:
2262:
1768:
1508:
1204:
489:
481:
189:
13919:
7693:
7584:
7568:
7562:
6985:
6969:
6963:
6472:
6456:
5078:
5008:
4606:
Presenter: The Ruthwell Cross (3D rendering of the Ruthwell Cross)
2588:"pseudo-runes" because they appear pointless, and speculated that
2455:
2434:
1988:
1606:
1591:
1535:
1227:
14006:
13513:
13384:
13274:
13249:
13135:
12972:
12826:
12801:
12570:
12477:
12125:
11739:
11550:
6326:
6187:
6175:
6165:
6140:
6130:
6125:
6105:
6095:
6070:
6010:
5968:
5941:
5859:
5792:
5787:
5767:
5757:
5712:
5707:
5697:
5692:
5633:
5618:
5568:
5023:
4949:
4882:
4844:
4767:
3459:
3093:
2992:
1920:
1402:
1175:
1101:
669:
560:
4978:
4661:
4605:
3474:
Suffolk gold shillings (three items), c. 660; stamped with
2509:
rune only appears on the Ruthwell Cross, where it seems to take
1956:
1385:
921:
917:
15007:
12751:
12563:
12482:
12427:
12135:
11806:
10516:
10499:
10437:
10402:
10395:
10389:
10382:
10361:
10340:
10333:
10326:
10033:
10018:
9752:
9737:
9480:
9425:
9418:
9404:
9150:
9135:
8867:
8812:
8805:
8791:
8446:
8391:
8384:
8370:
8296:
8241:
8234:
8220:
7663:
7629:
7577:
7548:
7541:
7535:
7511:
7064:
7030:
6978:
6949:
6942:
6936:
6912:
6557:
6523:
6465:
6442:
6435:
6429:
6405:
6207:
6160:
6145:
6110:
6085:
6050:
6045:
5978:
5963:
5901:
5839:
5824:
5802:
5752:
5742:
5737:
5650:
5645:
5603:
5573:
5053:
4783:
4762:
4737:
4681:
4429:
Latin, Runes and Pseudo-Ogham: The Enigma of the Hackness Stone
4118:
Latin, Runes and Pseudo-Ogham: The Enigma of the Hackness Stone
3312:
1864:
1832:
1569:
1454:
1417:
1315:
928:
Several famous English examples mix runes and Roman script, or
892:
821:
4706:
3415:(North Yorkshire) copper cruciform brooch, early 6th century;
539:. They were later accompanied and eventually overtaken by the
13374:
13369:
13219:
13002:
12903:
12590:
11501:
10773:
10535:
10529:
10444:
10375:
10368:
10150:
9821:
9808:
9500:
9487:
9397:
9196:
8887:
8874:
8784:
8466:
8453:
8363:
8316:
8303:
8213:
7721:
7707:
7656:
7649:
7643:
7636:
7622:
7591:
7504:
7057:
7050:
7044:
7037:
7023:
6992:
6905:
6550:
6543:
6537:
6530:
6516:
6479:
6398:
6305:
6080:
6065:
6040:
6030:
6015:
5958:
5926:
5891:
5886:
5844:
5834:
5717:
5578:
5421:
5068:
5058:
4998:
4828:
4742:
4691:
4676:
4666:
3925:
ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews
3743:
3227:
3122:
Currently known inscriptions in Anglo-Frisian runes include:
2975:
2317:
1971:
1902:
1800:
1753:
1731:
1661:
1638:
1281:
1189:
912:
908:
719:
473:
222:
2326:
2232:
1849:
1817:
1623:
1370:
1335:
1123:
13852:
13747:
10479:
10354:
10347:
10319:
10312:
9759:
9707:
9432:
9369:
9157:
9110:
8819:
8756:
8398:
8335:
8248:
8185:
7730:
7555:
7525:
7518:
7476:
6956:
6926:
6919:
6877:
6449:
6419:
6412:
6370:
6150:
5797:
5098:
5093:
5048:
4973:
4896:
4721:
4701:
3286:
has Younger Futhark shape and probably represents a vowel.
3028:
2419:
2056:
1881:
1737:
1709:
1554:
1503:
1486:
1439:
1350:
1300:
1266:
1138:
398:
11300:
11291:
11282:
10899:
10881:
10818:
10755:
10656:
10620:
10084:
9872:
9867:
9858:
9537:
9251:
9233:
9225:
8928:
8575:
8528:
8523:
8503:
8049:
8026:
8021:
8003:
7915:
7910:
7861:
7849:
7840:
7802:
7798:
7785:
7780:
7408:
7385:
7380:
7362:
7274:
7269:
7220:
7208:
7199:
7161:
7157:
7144:
7139:
6830:
6826:
6813:
6799:
6709:
6704:
6651:
6616:
6603:
6598:
4586:
Scratching runes was not much different from spraying tags
4438:
Runes around the North Sea and on the Continent AD 150–700
3711:
Cotton Vitellius A.XII — lists runes in alphabetical order
3251:
Arum sword, a yew-wood miniature sword, late 8th century;
2092:
1785:
1471:
1155:
4798:
4539:, Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 45 (1996).
4174:(2nd ed.), Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 93, 112–113
3371:
Ash Gilton (Kent) gilt silver sword pommel, 6th century;
6274:
4600:
3582:
Selsey (West Sussex) gold plates, 6th to 8th centuries;
3511:
Wakerley (Northamptonshire) copper brooch, 6th century;
4095:(2nd ed.), Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 186–199,
3550:
Cleatham (South Humbershire) copper bowl, c. 600;
2974:
Futhorc inscriptions hold diverse styles and contents.
4645:
4076:(2nd ed.), Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 139, 155
2954:) as presented in Codex Sangallensis 878 (9th century)
11273:
11255:
11246:
11237:
11228:
11219:
11210:
11201:
11192:
11183:
11174:
11165:
11156:
11147:
11138:
11129:
11120:
11111:
11102:
11093:
11084:
11075:
10872:
10854:
10845:
10836:
10827:
10809:
10800:
10791:
10782:
10764:
10746:
10728:
10719:
10701:
10692:
10674:
10665:
10647:
10638:
10629:
10611:
10602:
10593:
10250:
10138:
10133:
9986:
9958:
9949:
9939:
9934:
9908:
9899:
9882:
9850:
9836:
9675:
9666:
9655:
9646:
9635:
9605:
9596:
9588:
9583:
9569:
9564:
9555:
9546:
9529:
9524:
9515:
9312:
9303:
9276:
9246:
9211:
9074:
9065:
9054:
9045:
9035:
9030:
8996:
8987:
8978:
8963:
8954:
8920:
8916:
8911:
8902:
8697:
8688:
8678:
8673:
8665:
8660:
8650:
8645:
8616:
8607:
8598:
8589:
8571:
8566:
8557:
8515:
8511:
8507:
8494:
8486:
8481:
8098:
8089:
8040:
8012:
7994:
7985:
7972:
7963:
7954:
7943:
7934:
7925:
7890:
7881:
7872:
7853:
7845:
7824:
7819:
7810:
7793:
7772:
7767:
7759:
7754:
7399:
7371:
7353:
7344:
7331:
7322:
7313:
7302:
7293:
7284:
7249:
7240:
7231:
7212:
7204:
7183:
7178:
7169:
7152:
7131:
7126:
7118:
7113:
6821:
6808:
6790:
6781:
6768:
6759:
6750:
6739:
6726:
6717:
6684:
6675:
6666:
6656:
6642:
6633:
6624:
6585:
6577:
6572:
4155:(2nd ed.), Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 111–112
3819:, Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, pp. 257–63,
3720:"table of runic, cryptographic, and exotic alphabets"
3922:(2010). "Tiw as Mars in the Old English rune poem".
3450:
Kent II coins (some 30 items), 7th century; reading
3319:(categorised as Frisian on linguistic grounds, from
808:
The left half of the front panel of the 7th century
188:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
4491:
4446:
On the Origin and Early History of the Runic Script
4189:
Texts and Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions
3816:
St. Cuthbert, his Cult and his Community to AD 1200
3701:
Cotton Domitian A.IX — lists runes with their names
3527:Upper Thames Valley gold coins (four items), 620s;
1023:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
900:; before that, the single-barred variant was used.
4515:
3956:"A Celtic intruder in the Old English 'rune poem'"
3315:horse knucklebone, dated to between 650 and 1025;
3027:(runes whose shapes are mirrored). In a tale from
2489:appears in manuscripts, and epigraphically on the
944:are given in Latin written in runes, but "LUKAS" (
3272:oph?nmuji?adaamluþ / :wimœ?ahþu?? / iwio?u?du?ale
3056:(9th century). The series has 28 runes, omitting
15233:
4492:Middleton & Tum, Andrew & Julia (2006).
4400:und seine einzelsprachlichen Weiterentwicklungen
4288:(2nd ed.), Woodbridge: Boydell, p. 182
3395:Boarley (Kent) copper disc-brooch, c. 600;
3012:ᛉᛉᛉᛋᚹᛁᚦᚩᚱ, which likely means "12&30 more".
202:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
3788:"Ancient Writing Discovered at Tintagel Castle"
2872:Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano Graffiti
3950:
3692:— contains a presentation of Anglo-Saxon runes
3602:Whitby II (Yorkshire) bone comb, 7th century;
13991:
11384:
11062:
11057:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10570:
10563:
10556:
10549:
10543:
10536:
10530:
10524:
10517:
10511:
10505:
10500:
10493:
10486:
10480:
10473:
10466:
10459:
10452:
10445:
10438:
10431:
10424:
10417:
10410:
10403:
10396:
10390:
10383:
10376:
10369:
10362:
10355:
10348:
10341:
10334:
10327:
10320:
10313:
10306:
10299:
10292:
10286:
10279:
10272:
10202:
10064:
10053:
10034:
10019:
10010:
9822:
9809:
9798:
9791:
9782:
9769:
9760:
9753:
9738:
9729:
9722:
9715:
9708:
9501:
9488:
9481:
9472:
9465:
9455:
9442:
9433:
9426:
9419:
9405:
9398:
9391:
9384:
9377:
9370:
9197:
9186:
9179:
9158:
9151:
9136:
9125:
9118:
9111:
8888:
8875:
8868:
8859:
8852:
8842:
8829:
8820:
8813:
8806:
8792:
8785:
8778:
8771:
8764:
8757:
8467:
8454:
8447:
8438:
8431:
8421:
8408:
8399:
8392:
8385:
8371:
8364:
8357:
8350:
8343:
8336:
8317:
8304:
8297:
8288:
8281:
8271:
8258:
8249:
8242:
8235:
8221:
8214:
8207:
8200:
8193:
8186:
7740:
7731:
7722:
7715:
7708:
7701:
7694:
7687:
7680:
7673:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7644:
7637:
7630:
7623:
7616:
7609:
7599:
7592:
7585:
7578:
7569:
7563:
7556:
7549:
7542:
7536:
7526:
7519:
7512:
7505:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7477:
7099:
7089:
7082:
7075:
7065:
7058:
7051:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7024:
7017:
7010:
7000:
6993:
6986:
6979:
6970:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6937:
6927:
6920:
6913:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6885:
6878:
6558:
6551:
6544:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6493:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6457:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6430:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6290:
5164:
4631:
4252:"Silver knife mount with runic inscription",
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3698:— contains a description of Anglo-Saxon runes
3379:Chessel Down I (Isle of Wight), 6th century;
3080:deviate from the standard forms shown above;
2605:
2601:
2593:
2546:
2534:
2526:
2506:
2463:
2427:
2334:
2300:
2270:
2240:
2164:
2158:
2142:
2138:
2100:
2064:
2030:
1996:
1964:
1928:
1889:
1857:
1825:
1793:
1761:
1717:
1681:
1669:
1631:
1599:
1562:
1528:
1516:
1479:
1447:
1410:
1378:
1343:
1308:
1274:
1235:
1197:
1163:
1131:
932:and Latin, on the same object, including the
888:
881:
870:
855:
848:
841:
833:
816:and containing a riddle in Anglo-Saxon runes.
785:
446:
11398:
4441:, dissertation, Groningen University (1997).
4393:
4379:
4299:
4044:Anglia – Zeitschrift fr englische Philologie
4025:Anglia – Zeitschrift fr englische Philologie
3542:(Nottinghamshire) copper bowl, c. 600;
3304:Bernsterburen whalebone staff, c. 800;
3019:sequence seems to appear on an urn found at
2611:
2130:The sequence of the runes above is based on
524:24-character runic alphabet, known today as
5195:origin primarily identified as speakers of
4041:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3680:
3561:/Richborough (Kent) stone, 650 or earlier;
3295:; the reverse side is inscribed with Roman
3090:Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
1327:
940:; in the latter, three of the names of the
13998:
13984:
11391:
11377:
6297:
6283:
5171:
5157:
4638:
4624:
4591:Anglo-Saxon Runic Texts at Georgetown Univ
4544:Die Runeninschriften der Britischen Inseln
4426:
4115:
3880:
2978:has been detected on at least one English
792:
778:
453:
439:
70:
33:
4556:
4537:Frisian runes and neighbouring traditions
4352:
4185:
3614:or a similar personal name; compare also
1215:
1083:Learn how and when to remove this message
876:rune may be from the 5th-century, on the
4510:
4421:, Heidelberg: C. Winter, pp. 437–56
3845:
3574:Whitby I (Yorkshire) jet spindle whorl;
3113:
3047:
2982:, implying its runes were once painted.
2963:A rune in Old English could be called a
2945:
975:
967:
803:
6236:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
4131:
3966:(4). Modern Language Society: 385–387.
3650:" grew on a wild animal"; 9th century.
3403:Harford (Norfolk) brooch, c. 650;
3328:Wijnaldum B gold pendant, c. 600;
2187:found in Codex Vindobonensis 795.
233:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
15234:
4921:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
4402:, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 171–87,
3918:
3908:. Woodbridge: Boydell. pp. 38–41.
3903:
2742:Wheatley Hill Silver-Gilt Finger-Ring
2541:, epigraphically both are variants of
880:. The earliest known instances of the
865:split of allophones of long and short
15135:American Printing House for the Blind
14911:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
14563:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
13979:
13769:
13724:
13617:
13296:
13181:
12523:
11737:
11499:
11482:
11372:
6278:
5152:
4619:
4419:Britain 400–600: Language and History
4416:
4334:
4134:Notes and Queries, Volume 59, Issue 4
4022:
3794:from the original on 29 November 2020
3336:Kantens combcase, early 5th century;
3043:
2286:/g/, (word-medial allophone of /g/)
1703:/s/, (word-medial allophone of /s/)
1149:/f/, (word-medial allophone of /f/)
869:. The earliest known instance of the
13618:
5178:
4557:Looijenga, Tineke (September 2003).
4463:
4280:
4262:from the original on 18 October 2015
4234:from the original on 13 October 2016
4186:Looijenga, Tineke (1 January 2003).
4166:
4147:
4087:
4068:
4004:
3876:(2nd ed.). Woodbridge: Boydell.
3868:
3812:
3704:Cotton Otho B.x.165 — contained the
3610:"my god, almighty god, help Cy..." (
3608:deus meus, god aluwaldo, helpæ Cy...
3360:
3124:
2958:
1546:
1364:(word-medial allophone of /ɡ/), /j/
1021:adding citations to reliable sources
992:
972:A chart showing 30 Anglo-Saxon runes
192:. For the distinction between ,
14005:
7739:
4596:Early Runic Inscriptions in England
4230:(photograms), Yahoo!, 20 May 2008,
3259:Westeremden A, a yew weaving-slay;
812:, depicting the Germanic legend of
243:This article is part of the series:
13:
13725:
11323:Runic inscriptions interactive map
4550:
4206:from the original on 15 April 2021
3833:from the original on 15 April 2021
3616:names of God in Old English poetry
3519:Dover (Kent) brooch, c. 600;
3242:, "I, Oka, not made mad" (compare
1643:(unknown, perhaps a derivative of
14:
15258:
4578:
3986:from the original on 26 July 2021
988:
980:A rune-row showing variant shapes
10931:
9357:
8744:
8171:
7460:
6861:
6354:
6259:
6258:
5133:
5132:
4494:Radiography of Cultural Material
4470:An Introduction to English Runes
4286:An introduction to English runes
4172:An introduction to English runes
4153:An introduction to English runes
4093:An introduction to English runes
4074:An introduction to English runes
3874:An Introduction to English Runes
3708:before being destroyed in a fire
3427:"the grave of Siþæbæd the maid"
3344:Hoogebeintum comb, c. 700;
2454:
2418:
2390:
2359:
2325:
2291:
2261:
2231:
2091:
2055:
2021:
1987:
1955:
1919:
1880:
1848:
1816:
1784:
1752:
1708:
1660:
1622:
1590:
1553:
1507:
1502:
1470:
1438:
1401:
1369:
1334:
1299:
1265:
1226:
1188:
1154:
1122:
997:
559:
257:
213:
13770:
6241:Christianization of Scandinavia
4328:
4293:
4274:
4245:
4218:
4179:
4160:
4141:
4125:
4109:
4081:
4062:
4035:
3715:MS Oxford St. John's College 17
3604:us mæus godaluwalu dohelipæ cy[
3135:Ferwerd combcase, 6th century;
1221:(word-medial allophone of /θ/)
1008:needs additional citations for
907:West Country where evidence of
824:and from there later spread to
184:International Phonetic Alphabet
11464:Languages by writing system /
6231:Christianization of the Franks
5304:Continental Germanic mythology
4042:Waxenberger, Gaby (2017). "".
4016:
3998:
3944:
3932:. Taylor & Francis: 3–13.
3912:
3806:
3780:
3771:
3201:Schweindorf solidus, 575–625,
2608:, or the result of a mistake.
1940:inherited land, native country
1:
14903:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
14859:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
13297:
13182:
12524:
4522:. Stanford University Press.
4373:
3960:Neuphilologische Mitteilungen
3483:Caistor-by-Norwich astragalus
3164:Toornwerd comb, 8th century;
15114:National Braille Association
15093:Braille Institute of America
14811:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
11738:
3502:probably already fronted to
3184:Harlingen solidus, 575–625,
177: This article contains
7:
14994:Refreshable braille display
14973:Optical braille recognition
14570:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
14102:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
13245:New Epoch Notation Painting
6246:Christianization of Iceland
4611:The Byrhtferth's Manuscript
4584:Frisia Coast Trail (2023),
4308:, Ingenta connect: 129–31,
4136:, Boydell, pp. 465–470
4012:. Boydell. pp. 38, 53.
3954:; Longland, Stella (1980).
3727:
3407:"Luda repaired the brooch"
2560:There is little doubt that
903:In England, outside of the
10:
15263:
15061:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
11500:
4116:Kilpatrick, Kelly (2013),
3749:Old English Latin alphabet
3646:the Brandon antler piece,
3352:Wijnaldum A antler piece;
3280:þkniaberetdud / ]n:bsrsdnu
3268:Westeremden B, a yew-stick
3151:Oostyn comb, 8th century;
963:
701:Development of Old English
551:
541:Old English Latin alphabet
60:5th through 11th centuries
15193:
15144:
15084:
15017:
14927:
14873:
14836:
14797:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
14776:
14757:
14738:
14643:
14549:
14510:
14437:
14364:
14063:
14056:
14017:
13975:
13778:
13765:
13733:
13720:
13671:
13630:
13626:
13613:
13589:
13553:
13527:
13476:
13433:
13398:
13318:
13311:Chinese family of scripts
13309:
13305:
13292:
13190:
13177:
13128:
12536:
12532:
12519:
12381:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
12368:
12016:
11759:
11750:
11746:
11733:
11508:
11495:
11491:
11483:
11478:
11466:by first written accounts
11435:
11414:
11410:
11313:
10912:
9338:
8725:
8152:
7443:Later Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
7441:
6842:
6335:
6312:
6304:
6254:
6216:
5497:
5459:
5249:
5203:
5186:
5128:
5107:
4966:
4853:
4837:
4776:
4730:
4654:
4354:10.1515/9783110630961-003
3938:10.1080/08957690309598179
3209:; running right to left)
2950:The Anglo-Saxon futhorc (
2612:Combinations and digraphs
956:Anglo-Saxon England with
175:
163:
103:
98:
79:
64:
54:
44:
32:
23:
14784:Chinese semi-syllabaries
14047:Unicode braille patterns
14033:International uniformity
12488:Thomas Natural Shorthand
5484:North Germanic languages
5469:Germanic parent language
4989:Early Germanic calendars
4382:Anglistische Forschungen
4132:Birkett, Thomas (2012),
4023:Hines, John (2011). "".
3904:Barnes, Michael (2012).
3764:
3681:Related manuscript texts
3291:Hantum whalebone plate;
3246:from the Danish corpus)
3143:Amay comb, c. 600;
15121:Blindness organizations
15100:Braille Without Borders
14889:Canadian currency marks
14511:Egyptian lineage family
13694:Southwest Paleohispanic
5489:West Germanic languages
5479:East Germanic languages
5474:Proto-Germanic language
5294:Proto-Germanic folklore
5231:Romano-Germanic culture
4655:Gods and divine figures
4314:10.1023/A:1012922118629
3696:Codex Vindobonensis 795
3597:(Durham), dated to 698
3540:Willoughby-on-the-Wolds
3462:, c. 600; reading
3306:tuda æwudu kius þu tuda
2998:Codex Vindobonensis 795
2250:chalk? chalice? sandal?
2133:Codex Vindobonensis 795
509:
180:phonetic transcriptions
116:Proto-Sinaitic alphabet
14438:Russian lineage family
13838:Great Lakes Algonquian
12747:Greco-Iberian alphabet
12680:Gabelsberger shorthand
11623:Inscriptional Parthian
6337:Germanic Elder Futhark
4427:Kilpatrick, K (2013),
4214:– via google.be.
3690:Codex Sangallensis 878
3155:(with a triple-barred
3153:aib kabu / deda habuku
3119:
3085:
3052:Futhorc series on the
3033:Ecclesiastical History
2955:
2952:abecedarium anguliscum
2568:are modified forms of
2147:Codex Sangallensis 878
981:
973:
817:
476:that were used by the
366:Power and organization
235: instead of runes.
221:This article contains
15202:Accessible publishing
15128:Schools for the blind
15107:Japan Braille Library
14896:Computer Braille Code
14550:Indian lineage family
13930:Old Persian cuneiform
12797:Carolingian minuscule
11603:Ancient North Arabian
8727:Later Younger Futhark
8154:Norse Younger Futhark
6844:Anglo-Frisian Futhorc
5299:Anglo-Saxon mythology
5189:Ethnolinguistic group
4876:Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem
4862:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
4056:10.1515/ang-2017-0065
3706:Old English rune poem
3595:St. Cuthbert's coffin
3192:runes, double-barred
3117:
3051:
2949:
2780:Beonna of East Anglia
2685:(an armband from the
2651:Lindisfarne Stone II
1729:(unknown, originally
979:
971:
807:
675:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
484:(collectively called
389:Monarchs and kingdoms
14966:Mountbatten Brailler
14321:(largely reassigned)
14104:(largely reassigned)
13653:Southeastern Iberian
13648:Northeastern Iberian
11546:Egyptian hieroglyphs
11348:Modern runic writing
10917:Dalecarlian alphabet
5108:Modern pagan revival
5084:Wetlands and islands
4934:Old English language
4647:Anglo-Saxon paganism
4335:Hines, John (2019).
3672:Near Fakenham plaque
3648:wohs wildum deoræ an
3458:Kent III, IV silver
2889:Thornhill Stone III
1869:body of water (lake)
1017:improve this article
958:Anglo-Saxon paganism
938:St Cuthbert's coffin
898:St Cuthbert's coffin
840:into three variants
754:Early Modern English
650:Phonological history
111:Egyptian hieroglyphs
14918:Nemeth braille code
14704:(reassigned vowels)
14229:(extended to 8-dot)
13803:Canadian Aboriginal
13689:Khitan small script
13411:Khitan large script
12601:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
6322:List of runologists
6226:Gothic Christianity
4967:Society and culture
4910:Finnesburg Fragment
4890:De temporum ratione
3278:Britsum yew-stick;
2855:Thornhill Stone II
2756:proud/bold/arrogant
2191:is sometimes named
1032:"Anglo-Saxon runes"
545:Anglo-Saxon England
470:Anglo-Frisian runes
251:society and culture
136:Old Italic alphabet
121:Phoenician alphabet
68:Left-to-right
49:Alphabet
14952:Braille translator
14929:Braille technology
14905:(science; GS8/GS6)
14874:Symbols in braille
14804:Taiwanese Mandarin
14319:Taiwanese Mandarin
13925:Nwagu Aneke script
13477:Other logosyllabic
13399:Chinese-influenced
13338:Oracle bone script
13320:Chinese characters
13255:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
12645:Eclectic shorthand
12633:Duployan shorthand
12586:Caucasian Albanian
12386:Canadian syllabics
11422:History of writing
11328:Runic inscriptions
5609:Germani cisrhenani
5317:Funerary practices
5221:Pre-Roman Iron Age
5197:Germanic languages
4448:, Uppsala (1990),
4444:Odenstedt, Bengt,
4341:Anglia Book Series
3739:List of runestones
3261:adujislumejisuhidu
3120:
3086:
3044:Inscription corpus
3000:attest to futhorc
2956:
2413:/e(:)o/? /i(:)o/?
2316:/k/? (for writing
2112:(unknown, perhaps
2076:(unknown, perhaps
982:
974:
818:
15242:Anglo-Saxon runes
15229:
15228:
15225:
15224:
15147:tactile alphabets
15075:William Bell Wait
15068:Sabriye Tenberken
14869:
14868:
14734:
14733:
14719:(Japanese vowels)
14517:-mediated scripts
14444:-mediated scripts
13971:
13970:
13967:
13966:
13963:
13962:
13823:Ditema tsa Dinoko
13761:
13760:
13716:
13715:
13712:
13711:
13609:
13608:
13605:
13604:
13429:
13428:
13288:
13287:
13173:
13172:
13169:
13168:
12515:
12514:
12511:
12510:
12364:
12363:
11729:
11728:
11716:Teeline Shorthand
11474:
11473:
11366:
11365:
11308:
11307:
11304:
11295:
11286:
11277:
11268:
11259:
11250:
11241:
11232:
11223:
11214:
11205:
11196:
11187:
11178:
11169:
11160:
11151:
11142:
11133:
11124:
11115:
11106:
11097:
11088:
11079:
10941:
10914:Dalecarlian runes
10907:
10906:
10903:
10894:
10885:
10876:
10867:
10858:
10849:
10840:
10831:
10822:
10813:
10804:
10795:
10786:
10777:
10768:
10759:
10750:
10741:
10732:
10723:
10714:
10705:
10696:
10687:
10678:
10669:
10660:
10651:
10642:
10633:
10624:
10615:
10606:
10597:
10588:
10265:
10254:
10154:
10141:
10116:
10099:
10088:
9990:
9975:
9962:
9953:
9942:
9923:
9912:
9903:
9886:
9875:
9862:
9853:
9840:
9694:
9679:
9670:
9659:
9650:
9639:
9624:
9613:
9600:
9591:
9572:
9559:
9550:
9541:
9532:
9519:
9333:
9332:
9329:
9316:
9307:
9284:
9271:
9254:
9237:
9228:
9215:
9097:
9078:
9069:
9058:
9049:
9038:
9019:
9004:
8991:
8982:
8967:
8958:
8949:
8932:
8923:
8906:
8720:
8719:
8716:
8701:
8692:
8681:
8668:
8653:
8634:
8619:
8602:
8593:
8578:
8561:
8552:
8531:
8518:
8489:
8147:
8146:
8143:
8120:
8109:
8102:
8093:
8084:
8075:
8066:
8057:
8044:
8033:
8016:
8007:
7998:
7989:
7980:
7967:
7958:
7947:
7938:
7929:
7920:
7903:
7894:
7885:
7876:
7865:
7856:
7835:
7814:
7805:
7788:
7775:
7762:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7421:
7412:
7403:
7392:
7375:
7366:
7357:
7348:
7339:
7326:
7317:
7306:
7297:
7288:
7279:
7262:
7253:
7244:
7235:
7224:
7215:
7194:
7173:
7164:
7147:
7134:
7121:
6837:
6836:
6833:
6816:
6803:
6794:
6785:
6776:
6763:
6754:
6743:
6734:
6721:
6712:
6697:
6688:
6679:
6670:
6659:
6646:
6637:
6628:
6619:
6606:
6593:
6580:
6272:
6271:
5444:Gothic and Vandal
5236:Germanic Iron Age
5211:Nordic Bronze Age
5193:Northern European
5146:
5145:
5004:Germanic paganism
4758:Hengist and Horsa
4717:Wayland the Smith
4529:978-0-8047-1454-9
4512:Robinson, Orrin W
4503:978-0-7506-6347-2
4484:978-0-85115-768-9
4465:Page, Raymond Ian
4435:J. H. Looijenga,
4409:978-3-11-019008-3
4282:Page, Raymond Ian
4168:Page, Raymond Ian
4149:Page, Raymond Ian
4089:Page, Raymond Ian
4070:Page, Raymond Ian
4006:Page, Raymond Ian
3906:Runes: A handbook
3870:Page, Raymond Ian
3826:978-0-85115-610-1
3678:
3677:
3425:sïþæbæd þiuw hlaw
3405:luda:gibœtæsigilæ
3359:
3358:
3084:appears mirrored.
2959:Usage and culture
2944:
2943:
2821:Kirkheaton Stone
2668:Maughold Stone I
2553:designated ior a
2495:Bramham Moor Ring
2483:
2482:
2128:
2127:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1067:
802:
801:
496:, recording both
466:Anglo-Saxon runes
463:
462:
229:rendering support
209:
208:
15254:
15218:
15211:
15209:Braille literacy
15204:
15186:
15179:
15172:
15165:
15158:
15137:
15130:
15123:
15116:
15109:
15102:
15095:
15077:
15070:
15063:
15056:
15049:
15042:
15035:
15028:
15010:
15003:
15001:Slate and stylus
14996:
14989:
14987:Perkins Brailler
14982:
14975:
14968:
14961:
14954:
14947:
14945:Braille embosser
14940:
14920:
14913:
14906:
14898:
14891:
14884:
14862:
14854:
14847:
14829:
14822:
14813:
14806:
14799:
14792:
14785:
14769:
14766:American Braille
14750:
14747:Algerian Braille
14727:
14720:
14712:
14705:
14697:
14690:
14683:
14676:
14668:
14661:
14654:
14636:
14628:
14621:
14614:
14607:
14600:
14593:
14586:
14579:
14572:
14565:
14542:
14534:
14527:
14503:
14496:
14489:
14482:
14475:
14468:
14461:
14454:
14428:
14423:
14418:
14411:
14406:
14401:
14396:
14389:
14382:
14375:
14362:
14361:
14357:
14350:
14343:
14336:
14329:
14322:
14314:
14307:
14300:
14293:
14286:
14279:
14272:
14265:
14258:
14251:
14244:
14237:
14230:
14222:
14215:
14208:
14201:
14194:
14187:
14180:
14173:
14166:
14159:
14152:
14145:
14138:
14131:
14119:
14112:
14105:
14097:
14090:
14083:
14076:
14061:
14060:
14049:
14042:
14035:
14028:
14011:
14000:
13993:
13986:
13977:
13976:
13767:
13766:
13722:
13721:
13628:
13627:
13620:Semi-syllabaries
13615:
13614:
13316:
13315:
13307:
13306:
13294:
13293:
13179:
13178:
12534:
12533:
12521:
12520:
12423:Japanese Braille
12008:Zanabazar square
11877:Nepalese scripts
11767:Bengali–Assamese
11757:
11756:
11748:
11747:
11735:
11734:
11652:Pitman shorthand
11497:
11496:
11493:
11492:
11480:
11479:
11412:
11411:
11393:
11386:
11379:
11370:
11369:
11319:
11298:
11289:
11280:
11271:
11262:
11253:
11244:
11235:
11226:
11217:
11208:
11199:
11190:
11181:
11172:
11163:
11154:
11145:
11136:
11127:
11118:
11109:
11100:
11091:
11082:
11073:
11064:
11059:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11029:
11024:
11019:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10935:
10932:
10897:
10888:
10879:
10870:
10861:
10852:
10843:
10834:
10825:
10816:
10807:
10798:
10789:
10780:
10771:
10762:
10753:
10744:
10735:
10726:
10717:
10708:
10699:
10690:
10681:
10672:
10663:
10654:
10645:
10636:
10627:
10618:
10609:
10600:
10591:
10582:
10572:
10565:
10558:
10551:
10545:
10538:
10532:
10526:
10519:
10513:
10507:
10502:
10495:
10488:
10482:
10475:
10468:
10461:
10454:
10447:
10440:
10433:
10426:
10419:
10412:
10405:
10398:
10392:
10385:
10378:
10371:
10364:
10357:
10350:
10343:
10336:
10329:
10322:
10315:
10308:
10301:
10294:
10288:
10281:
10274:
10259:
10248:
10204:
10148:
10131:
10110:
10093:
10082:
10066:
10055:
10036:
10021:
10012:
9984:
9969:
9956:
9947:
9932:
9917:
9906:
9897:
9880:
9865:
9856:
9843:
9834:
9824:
9811:
9800:
9793:
9784:
9771:
9762:
9755:
9740:
9731:
9724:
9717:
9710:
9688:
9673:
9664:
9653:
9644:
9633:
9618:
9603:
9594:
9581:
9562:
9553:
9544:
9535:
9522:
9513:
9503:
9490:
9483:
9474:
9467:
9457:
9444:
9435:
9428:
9421:
9407:
9400:
9393:
9386:
9379:
9372:
9358:
9323:
9310:
9301:
9274:
9265:
9244:
9231:
9218:
9209:
9199:
9188:
9181:
9160:
9153:
9138:
9127:
9120:
9113:
9087:
9072:
9063:
9052:
9043:
9028:
9009:
8994:
8985:
8976:
8961:
8952:
8935:
8926:
8909:
8900:
8890:
8877:
8870:
8861:
8854:
8844:
8831:
8822:
8815:
8808:
8794:
8787:
8780:
8773:
8766:
8759:
8745:
8710:
8695:
8686:
8671:
8658:
8643:
8624:
8605:
8596:
8587:
8564:
8555:
8534:
8521:
8492:
8479:
8469:
8456:
8449:
8440:
8433:
8423:
8410:
8401:
8394:
8387:
8373:
8366:
8359:
8352:
8345:
8338:
8319:
8306:
8299:
8290:
8283:
8273:
8260:
8251:
8244:
8237:
8223:
8216:
8209:
8202:
8195:
8188:
8172:
8125:
8114:
8105:
8096:
8087:
8078:
8069:
8060:
8047:
8038:
8019:
8010:
8001:
7992:
7983:
7970:
7961:
7952:
7941:
7932:
7923:
7908:
7897:
7888:
7879:
7870:
7859:
7838:
7817:
7808:
7791:
7778:
7765:
7752:
7742:
7733:
7724:
7717:
7710:
7703:
7696:
7689:
7682:
7675:
7666:
7659:
7652:
7646:
7639:
7632:
7625:
7618:
7611:
7601:
7594:
7587:
7580:
7571:
7565:
7558:
7551:
7544:
7538:
7528:
7521:
7514:
7507:
7500:
7493:
7486:
7479:
7461:
7426:
7415:
7406:
7397:
7378:
7369:
7360:
7351:
7342:
7329:
7320:
7311:
7300:
7291:
7282:
7267:
7256:
7247:
7238:
7229:
7218:
7197:
7176:
7167:
7150:
7137:
7124:
7111:
7101:
7091:
7084:
7077:
7067:
7060:
7053:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6972:
6966:
6959:
6952:
6945:
6939:
6929:
6922:
6915:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6887:
6880:
6862:
6819:
6806:
6797:
6788:
6779:
6766:
6757:
6748:
6737:
6724:
6715:
6702:
6691:
6682:
6673:
6664:
6649:
6640:
6631:
6622:
6609:
6596:
6583:
6570:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6540:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6505:
6495:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6432:
6422:
6415:
6408:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6355:
6299:
6292:
6285:
6276:
6275:
6262:
6261:
6218:Christianization
5808:Ripuarian Franks
5180:Germanic peoples
5173:
5166:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5136:
5135:
4928:Nine Herbs Charm
4640:
4633:
4626:
4617:
4616:
4574:
4533:
4521:
4507:
4488:
4432:
4422:
4412:
4389:
4367:
4366:
4356:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3952:Osborn, Marijane
3948:
3942:
3941:
3920:Osborn, Marijane
3916:
3910:
3909:
3901:
3878:
3877:
3866:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3723:
3664:Seax of Beagnoth
3361:
3125:
3060:. The shapes of
3054:Seax of Beagnoth
2619:
2618:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2548:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2508:
2467:
2465:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2431:
2429:
2422:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2351:
2350:
2338:
2336:
2329:
2304:
2302:
2295:
2274:
2272:
2265:
2244:
2242:
2235:
2204:
2203:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2104:
2102:
2095:
2068:
2066:
2059:
2034:
2032:
2025:
2000:
1998:
1991:
1968:
1966:
1959:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1861:
1859:
1852:
1829:
1827:
1820:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1765:
1763:
1756:
1721:
1719:
1712:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1664:
1649:
1635:
1633:
1626:
1603:
1601:
1594:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1382:
1380:
1373:
1347:
1345:
1338:
1312:
1310:
1303:
1278:
1276:
1269:
1239:
1237:
1230:
1201:
1199:
1192:
1167:
1165:
1158:
1135:
1133:
1126:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1025:
1001:
993:
950:Raymond Ian Page
942:Four Evangelists
890:
883:
878:Undley bracteate
872:
857:
850:
843:
835:
794:
787:
780:
563:
556:
555:
537:High Middle Ages
492:in their native
455:
448:
441:
417:Christianisation
320:Material culture
261:
240:
239:
217:
216:
205:
199:
195:
75:
74:
37:
21:
20:
15262:
15261:
15257:
15256:
15255:
15253:
15252:
15251:
15232:
15231:
15230:
15221:
15214:
15207:
15200:
15189:
15182:
15175:
15168:
15161:
15154:
15140:
15133:
15126:
15119:
15112:
15105:
15098:
15091:
15080:
15073:
15066:
15059:
15052:
15045:
15038:
15033:Charles Barbier
15031:
15024:
15013:
15006:
14999:
14992:
14985:
14978:
14971:
14964:
14957:
14950:
14943:
14936:
14923:
14916:
14909:
14901:
14894:
14887:
14880:
14865:
14857:
14850:
14843:
14832:
14825:
14818:
14809:
14802:
14795:
14788:
14783:
14772:
14764:
14758:Frequency-based
14753:
14745:
14730:
14723:
14715:
14708:
14700:
14693:
14686:
14679:
14671:
14664:
14657:
14650:
14639:
14631:
14624:
14617:
14610:
14603:
14596:
14589:
14582:
14575:
14568:
14561:
14554:Bharati Braille
14551:
14545:
14537:
14530:
14523:
14512:
14506:
14499:
14492:
14485:
14478:
14471:
14464:
14457:
14450:
14439:
14433:
14426:
14421:
14414:
14409:
14404:
14399:
14392:
14385:
14378:
14371:
14360:
14353:
14346:
14339:
14332:
14325:
14317:
14310:
14303:
14296:
14289:
14282:
14275:
14268:
14261:
14254:
14247:
14240:
14233:
14225:
14218:
14211:
14204:
14197:
14190:
14183:
14176:
14169:
14162:
14155:
14148:
14141:
14134:
14128:Unified English
14122:
14115:
14108:
14100:
14093:
14086:
14079:
14072:
14057:Braille scripts
14052:
14045:
14038:
14031:
14024:
14013:
14009:
14004:
13959:
13774:
13757:
13753:Stokoe notation
13729:
13708:
13667:
13622:
13601:
13585:
13549:
13528:Logoconsonantal
13523:
13472:
13425:
13394:
13301:
13284:
13265:Siglas poveiras
13186:
13165:
13124:
13028:Younger Futhark
12732:Gregg shorthand
12528:
12507:
12360:
12012:
11742:
11725:
11504:
11487:
11470:
11443:Writing systems
11431:
11406:
11404:writing systems
11397:
11367:
11362:
11358:Staveless runes
11317:
11309:
10938:
10918:
10916:
10908:
10547:
10534:
10528:
10515:
10509:
10484:
10394:
10290:
10262:
10137:
9938:
9871:
9849:
9609:
9587:
9568:
9528:
9344:
9343:Medieval Fuþark
9342:
9334:
9280:
9250:
9224:
9093:
9034:
9015:
9000:
8941:
8919:
8915:
8731:
8729:
8721:
8677:
8664:
8649:
8630:
8615:
8611:
8574:
8570:
8544:
8540:
8527:
8510:
8506:
8498:
8485:
8158:
8156:
8148:
8139:
8134:
8130:
8082:
8073:
8053:
8029:
8025:
7976:
7918:
7914:
7852:
7848:
7844:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7801:
7797:
7784:
7771:
7758:
7648:
7567:
7540:
7472:
7466:
7447:
7445:
7437:
7430:
7388:
7384:
7335:
7277:
7273:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7160:
7156:
7143:
7130:
7117:
7049:
6968:
6941:
6873:
6867:
6848:
6846:
6838:
6829:
6825:
6812:
6772:
6730:
6708:
6655:
6615:
6602:
6589:
6576:
6542:
6491:
6434:
6366:
6360:
6341:
6339:
6331:
6308:
6303:
6273:
6268:
6250:
6212:
5493:
5455:
5417:Gothic alphabet
5309:Norse mythology
5245:
5199:
5182:
5177:
5147:
5142:
5124:
5103:
5029:Metrical charms
4962:
4849:
4833:
4772:
4726:
4650:
4644:
4581:
4571:
4553:
4551:Further reading
4530:
4504:
4485:
4431:, pp. 1–13
4410:
4376:
4371:
4370:
4333:
4329:
4298:
4294:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4237:
4235:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4200:
4184:
4180:
4165:
4161:
4146:
4142:
4130:
4126:
4120:, pp. 1–13
4114:
4110:
4103:
4086:
4082:
4067:
4063:
4040:
4036:
4031:(3–4): 288–289.
4021:
4017:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
3949:
3945:
3917:
3913:
3902:
3881:
3867:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3827:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3759:Younger Futhark
3730:
3718:
3683:
3323:"knucklebone")
3270:, 8th century;
3230:, c. 750;
3218:, c. 650;
3046:
2961:
2940:Mortain Casket
2937:(personal name)
2903:(personal name)
2869:(personal name)
2852:(personal name)
2838:Ruthwell Cross
2818:(personal name)
2725:Brandon Antler
2708:Honington Clip
2682:(personal name)
2665:(personal name)
2614:
2522:
2503:Bewcastle Cross
2461:
2443:
2442:
2425:
2398:
2397:
2367:
2366:
2348:
2347:
2332:
2298:
2268:
2238:
2221:Transliteration
2163:
2157:
2152:
2151:Cotton MS
2131:
2098:
2062:
2028:
1994:
1962:
1926:
1887:
1855:
1823:
1791:
1759:
1715:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1644:
1629:
1597:
1560:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1477:
1445:
1408:
1376:
1341:
1306:
1272:
1233:
1195:
1161:
1129:
1112:Transliteration
1089:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1026:
1024:
1014:
1002:
991:
966:
954:post-conversion
798:
769:
768:
744:
736:
735:
734:
695:
685:
684:
665:
655:
654:
627:
620:
612:
611:
587:
554:
530:Younger Futhark
459:
250:
238:
237:
236:
227:Without proper
218:
214:
176:
170:Younger Futhark
166:
159:
106:
99:Related scripts
69:
57:
50:
40:
28:
25:
19:
12:
11:
5:
15260:
15250:
15249:
15244:
15227:
15226:
15223:
15222:
15220:
15219:
15212:
15205:
15197:
15195:
15194:Related topics
15191:
15190:
15188:
15187:
15180:
15173:
15170:New York Point
15166:
15159:
15151:
15149:
15142:
15141:
15139:
15138:
15131:
15124:
15117:
15110:
15103:
15096:
15088:
15086:
15082:
15081:
15079:
15078:
15071:
15064:
15057:
15054:Harris Mowbray
15050:
15043:
15036:
15029:
15021:
15019:
15015:
15014:
15012:
15011:
15004:
14997:
14990:
14983:
14976:
14969:
14962:
14955:
14948:
14941:
14938:Braille e-book
14933:
14931:
14925:
14924:
14922:
14921:
14914:
14907:
14899:
14892:
14885:
14877:
14875:
14871:
14870:
14867:
14866:
14864:
14863:
14855:
14848:
14840:
14838:
14834:
14833:
14831:
14830:
14823:
14816:
14815:
14814:
14807:
14800:
14793:
14780:
14778:
14774:
14773:
14771:
14770:
14761:
14759:
14755:
14754:
14752:
14751:
14742:
14740:
14736:
14735:
14732:
14731:
14729:
14728:
14721:
14713:
14706:
14698:
14691:
14684:
14677:
14669:
14662:
14655:
14647:
14645:
14641:
14640:
14638:
14637:
14629:
14622:
14615:
14608:
14601:
14594:
14587:
14580:
14573:
14566:
14558:
14556:
14547:
14546:
14544:
14543:
14535:
14528:
14520:
14518:
14508:
14507:
14505:
14504:
14497:
14490:
14483:
14476:
14469:
14462:
14455:
14447:
14445:
14435:
14434:
14432:
14431:
14430:
14429:
14424:
14419:
14412:
14407:
14402:
14390:
14383:
14376:
14368:
14366:
14359:
14358:
14351:
14344:
14337:
14330:
14323:
14315:
14308:
14301:
14294:
14287:
14280:
14273:
14266:
14259:
14252:
14245:
14238:
14231:
14223:
14216:
14209:
14202:
14195:
14188:
14181:
14174:
14167:
14160:
14153:
14146:
14139:
14132:
14120:
14113:
14106:
14098:
14091:
14084:
14077:
14069:
14067:
14065:French-ordered
14058:
14054:
14053:
14051:
14050:
14043:
14036:
14029:
14021:
14019:
14015:
14014:
14003:
14002:
13995:
13988:
13980:
13973:
13972:
13969:
13968:
13965:
13964:
13961:
13960:
13958:
13957:
13952:
13947:
13942:
13937:
13932:
13927:
13922:
13917:
13912:
13907:
13905:Linear Elamite
13902:
13897:
13892:
13887:
13886:
13885:
13880:
13875:
13870:
13865:
13860:
13850:
13845:
13840:
13835:
13830:
13825:
13820:
13815:
13810:
13805:
13800:
13795:
13790:
13785:
13779:
13776:
13775:
13763:
13762:
13759:
13758:
13756:
13755:
13750:
13745:
13740:
13734:
13731:
13730:
13727:Sign languages
13718:
13717:
13714:
13713:
13710:
13709:
13707:
13706:
13704:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
13701:
13696:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13679:Espanca script
13675:
13673:
13669:
13668:
13666:
13665:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13645:
13640:
13638:Linear Elamite
13634:
13632:
13624:
13623:
13611:
13610:
13607:
13606:
13603:
13602:
13600:
13599:
13593:
13591:
13587:
13586:
13584:
13583:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13563:
13557:
13555:
13551:
13550:
13548:
13547:
13542:
13537:
13531:
13529:
13525:
13524:
13522:
13521:
13519:Yi (Classical)
13516:
13511:
13506:
13501:
13496:
13491:
13486:
13480:
13478:
13474:
13473:
13471:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13455:
13450:
13445:
13439:
13437:
13431:
13430:
13427:
13426:
13424:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13402:
13400:
13396:
13395:
13393:
13392:
13387:
13382:
13377:
13372:
13367:
13366:
13365:
13360:
13355:
13345:
13343:Bronze scripts
13340:
13335:
13330:
13324:
13322:
13313:
13303:
13302:
13290:
13289:
13286:
13285:
13283:
13282:
13277:
13272:
13267:
13262:
13257:
13252:
13247:
13242:
13237:
13232:
13227:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13207:
13202:
13197:
13191:
13188:
13187:
13175:
13174:
13171:
13170:
13167:
13166:
13164:
13163:
13158:
13156:Flag semaphore
13153:
13151:New York Point
13148:
13146:Telegraph code
13143:
13141:Maritime flags
13138:
13132:
13130:
13126:
13125:
13123:
13122:
13117:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13095:Visible Speech
13092:
13087:
13082:
13077:
13072:
13067:
13065:Sorang Sompeng
13062:
13057:
13052:
13051:
13050:
13045:
13040:
13035:
13030:
13025:
13020:
13015:
13010:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12969:
12968:
12967:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12951:
12949:Galik alphabet
12946:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12916:
12911:
12906:
12901:
12896:
12891:
12886:
12881:
12876:
12871:
12866:
12861:
12856:
12855:
12854:
12849:
12847:Tironian notes
12844:
12839:
12834:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12814:
12809:
12804:
12799:
12794:
12789:
12779:
12774:
12769:
12764:
12759:
12754:
12749:
12744:
12734:
12729:
12724:
12719:
12714:
12713:
12712:
12707:
12702:
12692:
12690:Garay alphabet
12687:
12682:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12641:
12640:
12630:
12625:
12624:
12623:
12618:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12573:
12568:
12567:
12566:
12556:
12551:
12546:
12540:
12538:
12530:
12529:
12517:
12516:
12513:
12512:
12509:
12508:
12506:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12490:
12485:
12480:
12475:
12473:Sorang Sompeng
12470:
12465:
12460:
12455:
12450:
12445:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12425:
12420:
12415:
12410:
12405:
12400:
12399:
12398:
12396:Déné syllabics
12393:
12383:
12378:
12372:
12370:
12366:
12365:
12362:
12361:
12359:
12358:
12357:
12356:
12351:
12341:
12340:
12339:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12314:
12309:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12233:
12232:
12222:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12187:
12186:
12185:
12180:
12170:
12165:
12160:
12159:
12158:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12122:
12121:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12020:
12018:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11999:
11998:
11993:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11958:
11953:
11952:
11951:
11941:
11940:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11894:
11889:
11884:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11763:
11761:
11754:
11744:
11743:
11731:
11730:
11727:
11726:
11724:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11712:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11691:
11686:
11685:
11684:
11679:
11669:
11664:
11659:
11657:Proto-Sinaitic
11654:
11649:
11648:
11647:
11637:
11632:
11631:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11605:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11579:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11542:
11541:
11531:
11530:
11529:
11518:
11517:
11509:
11506:
11505:
11489:
11488:
11476:
11475:
11472:
11471:
11469:
11468:
11462:
11461:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11439:
11437:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11429:
11424:
11418:
11416:
11408:
11407:
11396:
11395:
11388:
11381:
11373:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11314:
11311:
11310:
11306:
11305:
11296:
11287:
11278:
11269:
11260:
11251:
11242:
11233:
11224:
11215:
11206:
11197:
11188:
11179:
11170:
11161:
11152:
11143:
11134:
11125:
11116:
11107:
11098:
11089:
11080:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11012:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10942:
10930:
10928:
10910:
10909:
10905:
10904:
10895:
10886:
10877:
10868:
10859:
10850:
10841:
10832:
10823:
10814:
10805:
10796:
10787:
10778:
10769:
10760:
10751:
10742:
10733:
10724:
10715:
10706:
10697:
10688:
10679:
10670:
10661:
10652:
10643:
10634:
10625:
10616:
10607:
10598:
10589:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10574:
10567:
10560:
10553:
10540:
10521:
10497:
10490:
10477:
10470:
10463:
10456:
10449:
10442:
10435:
10428:
10421:
10414:
10407:
10400:
10387:
10380:
10373:
10366:
10359:
10352:
10345:
10338:
10331:
10324:
10317:
10310:
10303:
10296:
10283:
10276:
10269:
10266:
10256:
10255:
10246:
10244:
10242:
10240:
10238:
10236:
10234:
10232:
10230:
10228:
10226:
10224:
10222:
10220:
10218:
10216:
10214:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10206:
10199:
10197:
10195:
10193:
10191:
10189:
10187:
10185:
10183:
10181:
10179:
10177:
10175:
10173:
10171:
10169:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10156:
10155:
10146:
10144:
10142:
10129:
10127:
10125:
10123:
10121:
10119:
10117:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10102:
10100:
10091:
10089:
10080:
10078:
10076:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10068:
10061:
10059:
10057:
10050:
10048:
10046:
10044:
10042:
10040:
10038:
10031:
10029:
10027:
10025:
10023:
10016:
10014:
10007:
10005:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9992:
9991:
9982:
9980:
9978:
9976:
9967:
9965:
9963:
9954:
9945:
9943:
9930:
9928:
9926:
9924:
9915:
9913:
9904:
9895:
9893:
9891:
9889:
9887:
9878:
9876:
9863:
9854:
9841:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9826:
9819:
9817:
9815:
9813:
9806:
9804:
9802:
9795:
9788:
9786:
9779:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9766:
9764:
9757:
9750:
9748:
9746:
9744:
9742:
9735:
9733:
9726:
9719:
9712:
9705:
9702:
9696:
9695:
9686:
9684:
9682:
9680:
9671:
9662:
9660:
9651:
9642:
9640:
9631:
9629:
9627:
9625:
9616:
9614:
9601:
9592:
9579:
9577:
9575:
9573:
9560:
9551:
9542:
9533:
9520:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9505:
9498:
9496:
9494:
9492:
9485:
9478:
9476:
9469:
9462:
9459:
9452:
9450:
9448:
9446:
9439:
9437:
9430:
9423:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9409:
9402:
9395:
9388:
9381:
9374:
9367:
9364:
9356:
9354:
9340:Medieval runes
9336:
9335:
9331:
9330:
9321:
9319:
9317:
9308:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9293:
9291:
9289:
9287:
9285:
9272:
9263:
9261:
9259:
9257:
9255:
9242:
9240:
9238:
9229:
9216:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9201:
9194:
9192:
9190:
9183:
9176:
9174:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9166:
9164:
9162:
9155:
9148:
9146:
9144:
9142:
9140:
9133:
9131:
9129:
9122:
9115:
9108:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9085:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9070:
9061:
9059:
9050:
9041:
9039:
9026:
9024:
9022:
9020:
9007:
9005:
8992:
8983:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8968:
8959:
8950:
8933:
8924:
8907:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8885:
8883:
8881:
8879:
8872:
8865:
8863:
8856:
8849:
8846:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8833:
8826:
8824:
8817:
8810:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8796:
8789:
8782:
8775:
8768:
8761:
8754:
8751:
8743:
8741:
8723:
8722:
8718:
8717:
8708:
8706:
8704:
8702:
8693:
8684:
8682:
8669:
8656:
8654:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8635:
8622:
8620:
8603:
8594:
8585:
8583:
8581:
8579:
8562:
8553:
8532:
8519:
8490:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8464:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8451:
8444:
8442:
8435:
8428:
8425:
8418:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8405:
8403:
8396:
8389:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8375:
8368:
8361:
8354:
8347:
8340:
8333:
8330:
8322:
8321:
8314:
8312:
8310:
8308:
8301:
8294:
8292:
8285:
8278:
8275:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8262:
8255:
8253:
8246:
8239:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8218:
8211:
8204:
8197:
8190:
8183:
8180:
8170:
8168:
8157:16-type Fuþark
8150:
8149:
8145:
8144:
8123:
8121:
8112:
8110:
8103:
8094:
8085:
8076:
8067:
8058:
8045:
8036:
8034:
8017:
8008:
7999:
7990:
7981:
7968:
7959:
7950:
7948:
7939:
7930:
7921:
7906:
7904:
7895:
7886:
7877:
7868:
7866:
7857:
7836:
7815:
7806:
7789:
7776:
7763:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7737:
7735:
7728:
7726:
7719:
7712:
7705:
7698:
7691:
7684:
7677:
7670:
7668:
7661:
7654:
7641:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7606:
7603:
7596:
7589:
7582:
7575:
7573:
7560:
7553:
7546:
7533:
7530:
7523:
7516:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7469:
7459:
7457:
7446:33-type Fuþorc
7439:
7438:
7434:
7433:
7424:
7422:
7413:
7404:
7395:
7393:
7376:
7367:
7358:
7349:
7340:
7327:
7318:
7309:
7307:
7298:
7289:
7280:
7265:
7263:
7254:
7245:
7236:
7227:
7225:
7216:
7195:
7174:
7165:
7148:
7135:
7122:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7096:
7093:
7086:
7079:
7072:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7042:
7035:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7004:
6997:
6990:
6983:
6976:
6974:
6961:
6954:
6947:
6934:
6931:
6924:
6917:
6910:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6882:
6875:
6870:
6860:
6858:
6847:28-type Fuþorc
6840:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6817:
6804:
6795:
6786:
6777:
6764:
6755:
6746:
6744:
6735:
6722:
6713:
6700:
6698:
6689:
6680:
6671:
6662:
6660:
6647:
6638:
6629:
6620:
6607:
6594:
6581:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6555:
6548:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6500:
6497:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6427:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6363:
6353:
6351:
6340:24-type Fuþark
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6302:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6279:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6222:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5875:Thracian Goths
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5503:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5431:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5409:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5226:Roman Iron Age
5223:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5176:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5153:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4794:Dwarf (Dweorh)
4791:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4731:Heroic figures
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4580:
4579:External links
4577:
4576:
4575:
4570:978-9004123960
4569:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4542:H. Marquardt,
4540:
4534:
4528:
4508:
4502:
4489:
4483:
4473:. Woodbridge:
4461:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4414:
4408:
4391:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4327:
4292:
4273:
4255:British Museum
4244:
4217:
4199:978-9004123960
4198:
4178:
4159:
4140:
4124:
4108:
4101:
4080:
4061:
4050:(4): 627–640.
4034:
4015:
3997:
3943:
3911:
3879:
3844:
3825:
3805:
3779:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3754:Runic alphabet
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3712:
3709:
3702:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3668:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3639:Ruthwell Cross
3634:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3627:; 7th century
3620:
3619:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3590:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3570:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3546:
3536:
3535:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3507:
3491:
3490:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3470:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3446:
3429:
3428:
3420:
3419:
3413:West Heslerton
3409:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3367:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3324:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3210:
3205:"Weyland" (or
3198:
3197:
3181:
3180:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3045:
3042:
3006:Roman numerals
2960:
2957:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:Ruthwell Cross
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2687:Galloway Hoard
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2613:
2610:
2505:. The unnamed
2491:Ruthwell Cross
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2296:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2236:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1821:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:in rune poem?)
1727:
1722:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:in rune poem?)
1691:
1686:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1641:
1636:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1512:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:in rune poem?)
1245:
1240:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:wealth, cattle
1141:
1136:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1005:
1003:
996:
990:
989:Rune inventory
987:
965:
962:
800:
799:
797:
796:
789:
782:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
761:
759:Modern English
756:
751:
749:Middle English
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
715:Proto-Germanic
711:
710:
704:
703:
697:
696:
691:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
677:
672:
666:
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
634:Latin alphabet
630:Runic alphabet
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
574:
573:
565:
564:
553:
550:
543:introduced to
494:writing system
486:Anglo-Frisians
461:
460:
458:
457:
450:
443:
435:
432:
431:
430:
429:
424:
419:
411:
410:
406:
405:
404:
403:
402:
401:
391:
386:
381:
376:
368:
367:
363:
362:
361:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
322:
321:
317:
316:
315:
314:
309:
304:
296:
295:
291:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
270:
269:
263:
262:
254:
253:
245:
244:
231:, you may see
219:
212:
211:
210:
207:
206:
200:⟩, see
173:
172:
167:
165:Sister systems
164:
161:
160:
158:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
126:Greek alphabet
109:
107:
105:Parent systems
104:
101:
100:
96:
95:
81:
77:
76:
66:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
26:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15259:
15248:
15245:
15243:
15240:
15239:
15237:
15217:
15213:
15210:
15206:
15203:
15199:
15198:
15196:
15192:
15185:
15181:
15178:
15177:Night writing
15174:
15171:
15167:
15164:
15160:
15157:
15153:
15152:
15150:
15148:
15143:
15136:
15132:
15129:
15125:
15122:
15118:
15115:
15111:
15108:
15104:
15101:
15097:
15094:
15090:
15089:
15087:
15085:Organisations
15083:
15076:
15072:
15069:
15065:
15062:
15058:
15055:
15051:
15048:
15047:Valentin Haüy
15044:
15041:
15037:
15034:
15030:
15027:
15026:Louis Braille
15023:
15022:
15020:
15016:
15009:
15005:
15002:
14998:
14995:
14991:
14988:
14984:
14981:
14977:
14974:
14970:
14967:
14963:
14960:
14959:Braille watch
14956:
14953:
14949:
14946:
14942:
14939:
14935:
14934:
14932:
14930:
14926:
14919:
14915:
14912:
14908:
14904:
14900:
14897:
14893:
14890:
14886:
14883:
14882:Braille music
14879:
14878:
14876:
14872:
14860:
14856:
14853:
14849:
14846:
14845:Luxembourgish
14842:
14841:
14839:
14835:
14828:
14824:
14821:
14817:
14812:
14808:
14805:
14801:
14798:
14794:
14791:
14787:
14786:
14782:
14781:
14779:
14775:
14767:
14763:
14762:
14760:
14756:
14748:
14744:
14743:
14741:
14737:
14726:
14722:
14718:
14714:
14711:
14707:
14703:
14699:
14696:
14692:
14689:
14685:
14682:
14678:
14674:
14670:
14667:
14663:
14660:
14656:
14653:
14649:
14648:
14646:
14644:Other scripts
14642:
14634:
14630:
14627:
14623:
14620:
14616:
14613:
14609:
14606:
14602:
14599:
14595:
14592:
14588:
14585:
14581:
14578:
14574:
14571:
14567:
14564:
14560:
14559:
14557:
14555:
14548:
14540:
14536:
14533:
14529:
14526:
14522:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14509:
14502:
14498:
14495:
14491:
14488:
14484:
14481:
14477:
14474:
14470:
14467:
14463:
14460:
14456:
14453:
14449:
14448:
14446:
14443:
14436:
14425:
14420:
14417:
14416:Northern Sámi
14413:
14408:
14403:
14398:
14397:
14395:
14391:
14388:
14384:
14381:
14377:
14374:
14370:
14369:
14367:
14365:Nordic family
14363:
14356:
14352:
14349:
14345:
14342:
14338:
14335:
14331:
14328:
14324:
14320:
14316:
14313:
14309:
14306:
14305:South African
14302:
14299:
14295:
14292:
14288:
14285:
14281:
14278:
14274:
14271:
14267:
14264:
14260:
14257:
14253:
14250:
14246:
14243:
14239:
14236:
14232:
14228:
14227:Luxembourgish
14224:
14221:
14217:
14214:
14210:
14207:
14203:
14200:
14196:
14193:
14189:
14186:
14182:
14179:
14175:
14172:
14168:
14165:
14161:
14158:
14154:
14151:
14147:
14144:
14140:
14137:
14133:
14129:
14125:
14121:
14118:
14114:
14111:
14107:
14103:
14099:
14096:
14092:
14089:
14085:
14082:
14078:
14075:
14071:
14070:
14068:
14066:
14062:
14059:
14055:
14048:
14044:
14041:
14040:ASCII braille
14037:
14034:
14030:
14027:
14023:
14022:
14020:
14016:
14008:
14001:
13996:
13994:
13989:
13987:
13982:
13981:
13978:
13974:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
13946:
13943:
13941:
13938:
13936:
13933:
13931:
13928:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13918:
13916:
13913:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13884:
13881:
13879:
13876:
13874:
13871:
13869:
13866:
13864:
13861:
13859:
13856:
13855:
13854:
13851:
13849:
13846:
13844:
13841:
13839:
13836:
13834:
13831:
13829:
13826:
13824:
13821:
13819:
13816:
13814:
13811:
13809:
13806:
13804:
13801:
13799:
13796:
13794:
13791:
13789:
13786:
13784:
13781:
13780:
13777:
13773:
13768:
13764:
13754:
13751:
13749:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13735:
13732:
13728:
13723:
13719:
13705:
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13682:
13680:
13677:
13676:
13674:
13670:
13664:
13661:
13659:
13656:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13646:
13644:
13641:
13639:
13636:
13635:
13633:
13629:
13625:
13621:
13616:
13612:
13598:
13595:
13594:
13592:
13588:
13582:
13579:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13571:Attic (Greek)
13569:
13567:
13564:
13562:
13559:
13558:
13556:
13552:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13532:
13530:
13526:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13509:Proto-Elamite
13507:
13505:
13502:
13500:
13497:
13495:
13492:
13490:
13487:
13485:
13482:
13481:
13479:
13475:
13469:
13466:
13464:
13461:
13459:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13446:
13444:
13441:
13440:
13438:
13436:
13432:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13403:
13401:
13397:
13391:
13388:
13386:
13383:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13364:
13361:
13359:
13356:
13354:
13351:
13350:
13349:
13346:
13344:
13341:
13339:
13336:
13334:
13331:
13329:
13326:
13325:
13323:
13321:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13308:
13304:
13300:
13295:
13291:
13281:
13278:
13276:
13273:
13271:
13268:
13266:
13263:
13261:
13258:
13256:
13253:
13251:
13248:
13246:
13243:
13241:
13238:
13236:
13233:
13231:
13228:
13226:
13223:
13221:
13218:
13216:
13213:
13211:
13208:
13206:
13203:
13201:
13198:
13196:
13193:
13192:
13189:
13185:
13180:
13176:
13162:
13159:
13157:
13154:
13152:
13149:
13147:
13144:
13142:
13139:
13137:
13134:
13133:
13131:
13127:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13049:
13046:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13023:Elder Futhark
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13005:
13004:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12941:
12940:
12937:
12936:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12927:
12925:
12922:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12914:Old Hungarian
12912:
12910:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12895:
12892:
12890:
12887:
12885:
12882:
12880:
12877:
12875:
12872:
12870:
12867:
12865:
12862:
12860:
12857:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12845:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12813:
12810:
12808:
12805:
12803:
12800:
12798:
12795:
12793:
12790:
12788:
12785:
12784:
12783:
12780:
12778:
12775:
12773:
12770:
12768:
12765:
12763:
12760:
12758:
12755:
12753:
12750:
12748:
12745:
12742:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12723:
12720:
12718:
12715:
12711:
12708:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12697:
12696:
12693:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12639:
12636:
12635:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12626:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12613:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12565:
12562:
12561:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12542:
12541:
12539:
12535:
12531:
12527:
12522:
12518:
12504:
12501:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12481:
12479:
12476:
12474:
12471:
12469:
12466:
12464:
12461:
12459:
12456:
12454:
12451:
12449:
12448:Masaram Gondi
12446:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12418:Gunjala Gondi
12416:
12414:
12411:
12409:
12406:
12404:
12401:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12388:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12373:
12371:
12367:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12346:
12345:
12342:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12304:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12231:
12230:Old Sundanese
12228:
12227:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12175:
12174:
12173:Old Maldivian
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12157:
12156:Bilang-bilang
12154:
12153:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12120:
12117:
12116:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12077:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12019:
12015:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11988:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11976:Sylheti Nagri
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11959:
11957:
11954:
11950:
11947:
11946:
11945:
11942:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11879:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11777:Brahmi script
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11764:
11762:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11749:
11745:
11741:
11736:
11732:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11696:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11683:
11680:
11678:
11675:
11674:
11673:
11672:South Arabian
11670:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11646:
11643:
11642:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11618:Inscriptional
11616:
11614:
11611:
11610:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11558:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11540:
11537:
11536:
11535:
11532:
11528:
11525:
11524:
11523:
11520:
11519:
11516:
11515:
11511:
11510:
11507:
11503:
11498:
11494:
11490:
11486:
11481:
11477:
11467:
11463:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11445:
11444:
11441:
11440:
11438:
11434:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11419:
11417:
11413:
11409:
11405:
11401:
11394:
11389:
11387:
11382:
11380:
11375:
11374:
11371:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11316:
11315:
11312:
11303:
11302:
11297:
11294:
11293:
11288:
11285:
11284:
11279:
11276:
11275:
11270:
11267:
11266:
11261:
11258:
11257:
11252:
11249:
11248:
11243:
11240:
11239:
11234:
11231:
11230:
11225:
11222:
11221:
11216:
11213:
11212:
11207:
11204:
11203:
11198:
11195:
11194:
11189:
11186:
11185:
11180:
11177:
11176:
11171:
11168:
11167:
11162:
11159:
11158:
11153:
11150:
11149:
11144:
11141:
11140:
11135:
11132:
11131:
11126:
11123:
11122:
11117:
11114:
11113:
11108:
11105:
11104:
11099:
11096:
11095:
11090:
11087:
11086:
11081:
11078:
11077:
11072:
11070:
11068:
11067:
11061:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10976:
10971:
10966:
10961:
10956:
10951:
10946:
10943:
10940:
10934:
10933:
10929:
10926:
10922:
10915:
10911:
10902:
10901:
10896:
10893:
10892:
10887:
10884:
10883:
10878:
10875:
10874:
10869:
10866:
10865:
10860:
10857:
10856:
10851:
10848:
10847:
10842:
10839:
10838:
10833:
10830:
10829:
10824:
10821:
10820:
10815:
10812:
10811:
10806:
10803:
10802:
10797:
10794:
10793:
10788:
10785:
10784:
10779:
10776:
10775:
10770:
10767:
10766:
10761:
10758:
10757:
10752:
10749:
10748:
10743:
10740:
10739:
10734:
10731:
10730:
10725:
10722:
10721:
10716:
10713:
10712:
10707:
10704:
10703:
10698:
10695:
10694:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10680:
10677:
10676:
10671:
10668:
10667:
10662:
10659:
10658:
10653:
10650:
10649:
10644:
10641:
10640:
10635:
10632:
10631:
10626:
10623:
10622:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10608:
10605:
10604:
10599:
10596:
10595:
10590:
10587:
10586:
10581:
10579:
10577:
10576:
10573:
10568:
10566:
10561:
10559:
10554:
10552:
10546:
10541:
10539:
10533:
10527:
10522:
10520:
10514:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10496:
10491:
10489:
10483:
10478:
10476:
10471:
10469:
10464:
10462:
10457:
10455:
10450:
10448:
10443:
10441:
10436:
10434:
10429:
10427:
10422:
10420:
10415:
10413:
10408:
10406:
10401:
10399:
10393:
10388:
10386:
10381:
10379:
10374:
10372:
10367:
10365:
10360:
10358:
10353:
10351:
10346:
10344:
10339:
10337:
10332:
10330:
10325:
10323:
10318:
10316:
10311:
10309:
10304:
10302:
10297:
10295:
10289:
10284:
10282:
10277:
10275:
10270:
10267:
10264:
10258:
10257:
10253:
10252:
10247:
10245:
10243:
10241:
10239:
10237:
10235:
10233:
10231:
10229:
10227:
10225:
10223:
10221:
10219:
10217:
10215:
10213:
10211:
10209:
10208:
10205:
10200:
10198:
10196:
10194:
10192:
10190:
10188:
10186:
10184:
10182:
10180:
10178:
10176:
10174:
10172:
10170:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10157:
10153:
10152:
10147:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10136:
10135:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10124:
10122:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10114:
10109:
10107:
10105:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10097:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10086:
10081:
10079:
10077:
10075:
10073:
10071:
10070:
10067:
10062:
10060:
10058:
10056:
10051:
10049:
10047:
10045:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10037:
10032:
10030:
10028:
10026:
10024:
10022:
10017:
10015:
10013:
10008:
10006:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9993:
9989:
9988:
9983:
9981:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9973:
9968:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9960:
9955:
9952:
9951:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9937:
9936:
9931:
9929:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9921:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9905:
9902:
9901:
9896:
9894:
9892:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9870:
9869:
9864:
9861:
9860:
9855:
9852:
9848:
9847:
9842:
9839:
9838:
9833:
9831:
9829:
9828:
9825:
9820:
9818:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9807:
9805:
9803:
9801:
9796:
9794:
9789:
9787:
9785:
9780:
9778:
9776:
9774:
9772:
9767:
9765:
9763:
9758:
9756:
9751:
9749:
9747:
9745:
9743:
9741:
9736:
9734:
9732:
9727:
9725:
9720:
9718:
9713:
9711:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9697:
9693:
9692:
9687:
9685:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9677:
9672:
9669:
9668:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9657:
9652:
9649:
9648:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9637:
9632:
9630:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9608:
9607:
9602:
9599:
9598:
9593:
9590:
9586:
9585:
9580:
9578:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9567:
9566:
9561:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9549:
9548:
9543:
9540:
9539:
9534:
9531:
9527:
9526:
9521:
9518:
9517:
9512:
9510:
9508:
9507:
9504:
9499:
9497:
9495:
9493:
9491:
9486:
9484:
9479:
9477:
9475:
9470:
9468:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9453:
9451:
9449:
9447:
9445:
9440:
9438:
9436:
9431:
9429:
9424:
9422:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9410:
9408:
9403:
9401:
9396:
9394:
9389:
9387:
9382:
9380:
9375:
9373:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9355:
9352:
9348:
9341:
9337:
9328:
9327:
9322:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9314:
9309:
9306:
9305:
9300:
9298:
9296:
9294:
9292:
9290:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9279:
9278:
9273:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9262:
9260:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9249:
9248:
9243:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9235:
9230:
9227:
9223:
9222:
9217:
9214:
9213:
9208:
9206:
9204:
9203:
9200:
9195:
9193:
9191:
9189:
9184:
9182:
9177:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9169:
9167:
9165:
9163:
9161:
9156:
9154:
9149:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9141:
9139:
9134:
9132:
9130:
9128:
9123:
9121:
9116:
9114:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9100:
9096:
9092:
9091:
9086:
9084:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9076:
9071:
9068:
9067:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9056:
9051:
9048:
9047:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9033:
9032:
9027:
9025:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9014:
9013:
9008:
9006:
9003:
8999:
8998:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8984:
8981:
8980:
8975:
8973:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8965:
8960:
8957:
8956:
8951:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8939:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8925:
8922:
8918:
8914:
8913:
8908:
8905:
8904:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8894:
8891:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8880:
8878:
8873:
8871:
8866:
8864:
8862:
8857:
8855:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8834:
8832:
8827:
8825:
8823:
8818:
8816:
8811:
8809:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8795:
8790:
8788:
8783:
8781:
8776:
8774:
8769:
8767:
8762:
8760:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8746:
8742:
8739:
8735:
8728:
8724:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8707:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8699:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8667:
8663:
8662:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8648:
8647:
8642:
8640:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8629:
8628:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8609:
8604:
8601:
8600:
8595:
8592:
8591:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8573:
8569:
8568:
8563:
8560:
8559:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8543:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8530:
8526:
8525:
8520:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8496:
8491:
8488:
8484:
8483:
8478:
8476:
8474:
8473:
8470:
8465:
8463:
8461:
8459:
8457:
8452:
8450:
8445:
8443:
8441:
8436:
8434:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8411:
8406:
8404:
8402:
8397:
8395:
8390:
8388:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8369:
8367:
8362:
8360:
8355:
8353:
8348:
8346:
8341:
8339:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8328:
8324:
8323:
8320:
8315:
8313:
8311:
8309:
8307:
8302:
8300:
8295:
8293:
8291:
8286:
8284:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8269:
8267:
8265:
8263:
8261:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8247:
8245:
8240:
8238:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8226:
8224:
8219:
8217:
8212:
8210:
8205:
8203:
8198:
8196:
8191:
8189:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8178:
8174:
8173:
8169:
8166:
8162:
8155:
8151:
8142:
8138:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8118:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8077:
8072:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8056:
8052:
8051:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8009:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7982:
7979:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7901:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7822:
7821:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7807:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7795:
7790:
7787:
7783:
7782:
7777:
7774:
7770:
7769:
7764:
7761:
7757:
7756:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7720:
7718:
7713:
7711:
7706:
7704:
7699:
7697:
7692:
7690:
7685:
7683:
7678:
7676:
7671:
7669:
7667:
7662:
7660:
7655:
7653:
7647:
7642:
7640:
7635:
7633:
7628:
7626:
7621:
7619:
7614:
7612:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7597:
7595:
7590:
7588:
7583:
7581:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7566:
7561:
7559:
7554:
7552:
7547:
7545:
7539:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7524:
7522:
7517:
7515:
7510:
7508:
7503:
7501:
7496:
7494:
7489:
7487:
7482:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7468:
7463:
7462:
7458:
7455:
7451:
7444:
7440:
7429:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7338:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7272:
7271:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7201:
7196:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7154:
7149:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7133:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7102:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7087:
7085:
7080:
7078:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7063:
7061:
7056:
7054:
7048:
7043:
7041:
7036:
7034:
7029:
7027:
7022:
7020:
7015:
7013:
7008:
7005:
7003:
6998:
6996:
6991:
6989:
6984:
6982:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6967:
6962:
6960:
6955:
6953:
6948:
6946:
6940:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6925:
6923:
6918:
6916:
6911:
6909:
6904:
6902:
6897:
6895:
6890:
6888:
6883:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6869:
6864:
6863:
6859:
6856:
6852:
6845:
6841:
6832:
6828:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6815:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6621:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6608:
6605:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6556:
6554:
6549:
6547:
6541:
6536:
6534:
6529:
6527:
6522:
6520:
6515:
6513:
6508:
6506:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6490:
6485:
6483:
6478:
6476:
6471:
6469:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6455:
6453:
6448:
6446:
6441:
6439:
6433:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6418:
6416:
6411:
6409:
6404:
6402:
6397:
6395:
6390:
6388:
6383:
6381:
6376:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6362:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6345:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6300:
6295:
6293:
6288:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6277:
6265:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5850:Crimean Goths
5848:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5813:Salian Franks
5811:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5251:Early culture
5248:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5169:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5139:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5089:Wilweorthunga
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4916:
4915:Franks Casket
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4649:and mythology
4648:
4641:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4476:
4475:Boydell Press
4472:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4454:91-85352-20-9
4451:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4302:Neophilologus
4296:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4248:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4221:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4182:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4135:
4128:
4119:
4112:
4104:
4102:9780851159461
4098:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3907:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3809:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Elder Futhark
3732:
3731:
3721:
3717:— contains a
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:Kingmoor Ring
3654:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3625:Franks casket
3622:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3496:hariboki:wusa
3493:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3008:, writing ᛉᛁᛁ
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2953:
2948:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:Franks Casket
2801:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2609:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2523:Domitian A IX
2520:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2499:Kingmoor Ring
2496:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2155:
2153:Domitian A IX
2148:
2134:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1689:sygil (sigel)
1687:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:peord (peorð)
1605:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1084:
1076:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034: –
1033:
1029:
1028:Find sources:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1006:This article
1004:
1000:
995:
994:
986:
978:
970:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:Franks Casket
931:
926:
923:
919:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
894:
886:
879:
875:
868:
864:
860:
853:
846:
839:
836:
829:
827:
823:
815:
814:Weyland Smith
811:
810:Franks Casket
806:
795:
790:
788:
783:
781:
776:
775:
773:
772:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
740:
739:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
709:
706:
705:
702:
699:
698:
694:
689:
688:
681:
680:Cædmon's Hymn
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
664:
659:
658:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
635:
631:
626:
623:
622:
616:
615:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
583:
582:
579:
576:
575:
571:
567:
566:
562:
558:
557:
549:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
526:Elder Futhark
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
480:and Medieval
479:
475:
471:
467:
456:
451:
449:
444:
442:
437:
436:
434:
433:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
413:
412:
408:
407:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
369:
365:
364:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
324:
323:
319:
318:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
298:
297:
293:
292:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
271:
268:
265:
264:
260:
256:
255:
252:
247:
246:
242:
241:
234:
230:
226:
224:
203:
191:
187:
185:
181:
174:
171:
168:
162:
145:
144:
143:
142:Elder Futhark
140:
139:
137:
134:
133:
131:
130:Cumae variant
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:
108:
102:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:Anglo-Frisian
82:
78:
73:
67:
63:
59:
53:
47:
43:
36:
31:
22:
16:
14717:Thai and Lao
14394:Scandinavian
14026:1829 braille
14018:Braille cell
13818:Cypro-Minoan
13684:Pahawh Hmong
13597:Sitelen Pona
13561:Hindu-Arabic
13007:
12894:Mundari Bani
12468:Pahawh Hmong
12277:Tamil-Brahmi
12183:Eveyla Akuru
12178:Dhives Akuru
11645:Paleo-Hebrew
11512:
11448:undeciphered
11353:Pseudo-runes
11299:
11290:
11281:
11272:
11263:
11254:
11245:
11236:
11227:
11218:
11209:
11200:
11191:
11182:
11173:
11164:
11155:
11146:
11137:
11128:
11119:
11110:
11101:
11092:
11083:
11074:
10939:(incomplete)
10937:Alphabetical
10936:
10898:
10889:
10880:
10871:
10862:
10853:
10844:
10835:
10826:
10817:
10808:
10799:
10790:
10781:
10772:
10763:
10754:
10745:
10736:
10727:
10718:
10709:
10700:
10691:
10682:
10673:
10664:
10655:
10646:
10637:
10628:
10619:
10610:
10601:
10592:
10583:
10263:amalgamation
10261:Alphabetical
10260:
10249:
10159:
10149:
10132:
10111:
10094:
10083:
9995:
9985:
9970:
9957:
9948:
9933:
9918:
9907:
9898:
9881:
9866:
9857:
9844:
9835:
9699:
9689:
9674:
9665:
9654:
9645:
9634:
9619:
9604:
9595:
9582:
9563:
9554:
9545:
9536:
9523:
9514:
9361:
9324:
9311:
9302:
9275:
9266:
9245:
9232:
9219:
9210:
9102:
9088:
9073:
9064:
9053:
9044:
9029:
9010:
8995:
8986:
8977:
8962:
8953:
8936:
8927:
8910:
8901:
8748:
8730:Stung Fuþark
8711:
8696:
8687:
8672:
8659:
8644:
8625:
8606:
8597:
8588:
8565:
8556:
8535:
8522:
8493:
8480:
8325:
8175:
8126:
8115:
8106:
8097:
8088:
8079:
8070:
8061:
8048:
8039:
8020:
8011:
8002:
7993:
7984:
7971:
7962:
7953:
7942:
7933:
7924:
7909:
7898:
7889:
7880:
7871:
7860:
7839:
7818:
7809:
7792:
7779:
7766:
7753:
7464:
7442:
7427:
7416:
7407:
7398:
7379:
7370:
7361:
7352:
7343:
7330:
7321:
7312:
7301:
7292:
7283:
7268:
7257:
7248:
7239:
7230:
7219:
7198:
7177:
7168:
7151:
7138:
7125:
7112:
6865:
6843:
6820:
6807:
6798:
6789:
6780:
6767:
6758:
6749:
6738:
6725:
6716:
6703:
6692:
6683:
6674:
6665:
6650:
6641:
6632:
6623:
6610:
6597:
6584:
6571:
6358:
5544:Anglo-Saxons
5534:Adrabaecampi
5517:Bucinobantes
5259:Architecture
5038:
4957:Wið færstice
4955:
4948:
4926:
4919:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4777:Other beings
4559:
4543:
4536:
4517:
4496:. Elsevier.
4493:
4469:
4457:
4445:
4436:
4428:
4418:
4399:
4395:
4388:, Heidelberg
4385:
4381:
4347:(1): 29–59.
4344:
4340:
4330:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4285:
4276:
4264:, retrieved
4254:
4247:
4236:, retrieved
4226:
4220:
4208:. Retrieved
4188:
4181:
4171:
4162:
4152:
4143:
4133:
4127:
4117:
4111:
4092:
4083:
4073:
4064:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4009:
4000:
3988:. Retrieved
3963:
3959:
3946:
3929:
3923:
3914:
3905:
3873:
3835:, retrieved
3815:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3782:
3773:
3647:
3607:
3603:
3587:
3583:
3575:
3566:
3562:
3551:
3543:
3532:
3528:
3521:þd bli / bkk
3520:
3512:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3486:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3451:
3443:Spiegelrunen
3436:
3424:
3416:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3381:bwseeekkkaaa
3380:
3372:
3364:
3353:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3320:
3316:
3305:
3296:
3292:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3260:
3252:
3243:
3240:ek mædit oka
3239:
3231:
3219:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3165:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3128:
3121:
3106:
3099:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3032:
3025:spiegelrunes
3024:
3014:
3002:Cipher runes
2991:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2951:
2923:Whitby Comb
2920:deus (Latin)
2906:Oostum Comb
2615:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2486:
2484:
2462:
2439:beaver? eel?
2426:
2333:
2299:
2269:
2239:
2218:Name meaning
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2141:rather than
2129:
2113:
2099:
2077:
2063:
2029:
1995:
1963:
1936:oedil (ēðel)
1927:
1888:
1856:
1824:
1792:
1769:berc (beorc)
1760:
1736:
1730:
1716:
1694:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1645:
1639:ilcs (eolh?)
1630:
1598:
1561:
1527:
1522:
1515:
1478:
1446:
1418:hægil (hægl)
1409:
1377:
1351:geofu (gyfu)
1342:
1307:
1273:
1251:
1234:
1196:
1162:
1130:
1109:Name meaning
1079:
1070:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1027:
1015:Please help
1010:verification
1007:
983:
927:
902:
891:
884:
873:
866:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
819:
707:
629:
602:Northumbrian
534:
517:
513:
478:Anglo-Saxons
469:
465:
464:
422:Christianity
328:Architecture
311:
220:
196:and ⟨
178:
15:
15247:Old English
15216:RoboBraille
15040:Róża Czacka
14980:Perforation
14777:Independent
14675:(Bhutanese)
14410:Greenlandic
14081:Azerbaijani
13883:Jindai moji
13772:Syllabaries
13743:SignWriting
13643:Celtiberian
13545:Hieroglyphs
13348:Seal script
13333:Traditional
13205:Blissymbols
13110:Warang Citi
13085:Tolong Siki
13038:Marcomannic
13018:Dalecarlian
13008:Anglo-Saxon
12988:Pau Cin Hau
12879:Medefaidrin
12832:Merovingian
12792:Blackletter
12700:Asomtavruli
12493:Warang Citi
12302:Ulu scripts
12247:New Tai Lue
12190:Mon–Burmese
12044:Bhattiprolu
11872:Nandinagari
11699:ʾEsṭrangēlā
11458:constructed
11343:Runic magic
8177:Long-Branch
5984:Nahanarvali
5907:Hilleviones
5820:Frisiavones
5688:Cananefates
5678:Burgundians
5589:Banochaemae
5439:Anglo-Saxon
5390:Anglo-Saxon
5356:Anglo-Saxon
5339:Anglo-Saxon
5322:Anglo-Saxon
4904:Ealuscerwen
4845:Middangeard
4809:Eoten/Thurs
3798:21 November
3533:benu:+:tidi
3529:benu:tigoii
3214:Folkestone
3176:, 575–610;
3109:West Frisia
2931:/æɑ/, /æːɑ/
2863:/æɑ/, /æːɑ/
2812:/eo/, /eːo/
2778:(a coin of
2622:Combination
2580:designated
2555:pseudo-rune
1865:lagu (lagu)
1738:Planet Mars
1326:/k/, /kʲ/,
1248:heathen god
1205:ðorn (þorn)
930:Old English
625:Orthography
578:Old English
522:co-Germanic
506:Old English
502:Old Frisian
498:Old English
249:Anglo-Saxon
225:characters.
92:Old Frisian
88:Old English
56:Time period
45:Script type
15236:Categories
14768:(obsolete)
14749:(obsolete)
14541:(Pakistan)
14452:Belarusian
14334:Vietnamese
14277:Portuguese
14263:Philippine
14220:Lithuanian
13873:Hentaigana
13868:Man'yōgana
13328:Simplified
13215:Ersu Shaba
13129:Non-linear
12934:Old Uyghur
12924:Old Permic
12919:Old Italic
12852:Visigothic
12787:Beneventan
12722:Glagolitic
12685:Gadabuursi
12349:Kolezhuthu
12344:Vatteluttu
12282:Tanchangya
12205:Saurashtra
11782:Devanagari
11640:Phoenician
11593:Manichaean
11338:Runestones
11333:Rune Poems
8327:Short-Twig
7467:Variations
7465:Normalized
6868:Variations
6866:Normalized
6361:Variations
6359:Normalized
6203:Vinoviloth
5991:Marcomanni
5974:Helveconae
5952:Heaðobards
5922:Istvaeones
5912:Ingaevones
5897:Hermunduri
5865:Ostrogoths
5855:Greuthungi
5733:Chattuarii
5559:Angrivarii
5554:Ampsivarii
5522:Lentienses
5351:Literature
5241:Viking Age
4944:Sutton Hoo
4939:Spong Hill
4374:References
4210:29 October
3837:29 October
3565:, perhaps
3433:Spong Hill
3172:Skanomodu
3102:bracteates
3021:Spong Hill
2988:logography
2984:Bind runes
2775:king Benna
2545:(although
1903:Ingui-Frea
1833:mon (mann)
1773:birch tree
1536:gær (gēar)
1455:næd (nēod)
1386:wyn (wynn)
1282:rada (rād)
1139:feh (feoh)
1073:April 2022
1043:newspapers
960:or magic.
946:Saint Luke
863:Ingvaeonic
708:Influences
663:Literature
607:West Saxon
379:Government
307:Literature
276:Settlement
15184:Vibratese
15163:Moon type
15156:Decapoint
14837:Eight-dot
14790:Cantonese
14739:Reordered
14702:Inuktitut
14591:Malayalam
14501:Ukrainian
14480:Mongolian
14459:Bulgarian
14422:Norwegian
14387:Icelandic
14178:Hungarian
14136:Esperanto
14088:Cantonese
13672:Redundant
13484:Anatolian
13435:Cuneiform
13363:bird-worm
13299:Logograms
13270:Testerian
13184:Ideograms
13161:Moon type
13048:Staveless
12939:Mongolian
12884:Molodtsov
12842:Sütterlin
12710:Mkhedruli
12576:Bassa Vah
12526:Alphabets
12498:Mwangwego
12463:Mwangwego
12438:Kharosthi
12391:Blackfoot
12354:Malayanma
12225:Sundanese
12220:Sukhothai
12168:Malayalam
12119:Khom Thai
12079:Goykanadi
12003:Tocharian
11956:ʼPhags-pa
11827:Khudabadi
11772:Bhaiksuki
11667:Samaritan
11598:Nabataean
11453:inventors
10160:4th types
9996:3rd types
9700:2nd types
9362:1st types
6198:Vidivarii
6193:Victohali
6183:Vangiones
6116:Thuringii
6021:Nuithones
5917:Irminones
5880:Visigoths
5870:Thervingi
5830:Gambrivii
5783:Dulgubnii
5778:Dauciones
5728:Chasuarii
5668:Brondings
5594:Bastarnae
5584:Baiuvarii
5564:Armalausi
5527:Raetovari
5461:Languages
5429:Symbology
5289:Folklore
5284:Festivals
5120:Seax-Wica
5115:Heathenry
5034:Moot hill
4838:Locations
4748:Eormenric
4563:. Brill.
4363:165389048
4322:160241063
4192:. BRILL.
3972:0028-3754
3373:emsigimer
3346:nlu / ded
3244:ek unwodz
3220:æniwulufu
3216:tremissis
3178:skanomodu
2980:runestone
2772:BennaREïs
2648:(unknown)
2634:Found on
2598:diphthong
2578:R.I. Page
2551:R.I. Page
2473:(unknown)
2470:(unknown)
2449:/i(:)o/?
2407:(unknown)
2404:(unknown)
2376:(unknown)
2373:(unknown)
2310:(unknown)
2072:ear (ēar)
2038:æsc (æsc)
1972:dæg (dæg)
1897:ing (ing)
1611:(unknown)
1316:cen (cēn)
911:and even
905:Brittonic
730:Brittonic
645:Phonology
516:(ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ,
80:Languages
65:Direction
14820:Japanese
14681:Georgian
14673:Dzongkha
14659:Armenian
14577:Gujarati
14442:Cyrillic
14373:Estonian
14348:Yugoslav
14284:Romanian
14256:Nigerian
14171:Hawaiian
14157:Ghanaian
14074:Albanian
13935:Sumerian
13900:Linear B
13863:Katakana
13858:Hiragana
13808:Cherokee
13738:ASLwrite
13699:Bopomofo
13554:Numerals
13540:Hieratic
13499:Isthmian
13468:Sumerian
13448:Assyrian
13443:Akkadian
13100:Vithkuqi
13075:Tifinagh
13043:Medieval
12998:Pisidian
12993:Phrygian
12964:Vagindra
12909:Ol Chiki
12817:Interlac
12772:Kayah Li
12762:Jenticha
12717:Veso Bey
12705:Nuskhuri
12695:Georgian
12665:Formosan
12660:Etruscan
12655:Enochian
12611:Cyrillic
12596:Coelbren
12554:Armenian
12453:Meroitic
12443:Mandombe
12433:Jenticha
12297:Tigalari
12262:Tai Viet
12257:Tai Tham
12237:Tagbanwa
12089:Javanese
12039:Baybayin
12029:Balinese
12017:Southern
11912:Pracalit
11907:Pachumol
11882:Bhujimol
11842:Mahajani
11802:Gurmukhi
11792:Gujarati
11760:Northern
11740:Abugidas
11721:Ugaritic
11709:Maḏnḥāyā
11583:Tifinagh
11576:Solitreo
11514:Numerals
11427:Grapheme
11415:Overview
11318:See also
6317:Runology
6264:Category
6171:Hasdingi
6156:Usipetes
6136:Tubantes
6121:Toxandri
6101:Tencteri
6076:Suarines
6061:Sicambri
6056:Semnones
6036:Reudigni
6006:Mattiaci
5996:Marsacii
5947:Lombards
5937:Lacringi
5932:Juthungi
5763:Corconti
5748:Cherusci
5723:Charudes
5703:Chaedini
5673:Bructeri
5658:Bateinoi
5629:Eburones
5624:Condrusi
5619:Caeroesi
5614:Atuatuci
5549:Ambrones
5512:Brisgavi
5507:Alemanni
5385:Paganism
5274:Clothing
5269:Calendar
5216:Germania
5138:Category
5074:Weregild
4994:Folkmoot
4824:Wælcyrge
4514:(1992).
4467:(1999).
4284:(1999),
4260:archived
4232:archived
4204:Archived
4170:(1999),
4151:(1999),
4091:(1999),
4072:(1999),
4008:(1998).
3984:Archived
3980:43343355
3872:(1999).
3831:archived
3792:Archived
3728:See also
3612:Cynewulf
3567:*ræhæbul
3559:Sandwich
3476:desaiona
3460:sceattas
3354:zwfuwizw
2849:eateïnne
2846:~/ej/, ?
2679:eggbrect
2662:blagcmon
2525:present
2162:precede
2086:/æ(:)ɑ/
2042:ash tree
2008:oak tree
1725:ti (Tīw)
1574:yew tree
586:Dialects
570:a series
568:Part of
490:alphabet
488:) as an
482:Frisians
427:Paganism
409:Religion
399:Military
374:Charters
358:Weaponry
302:Language
294:Language
194:/ /
190:Help:IPA
14725:Tibetan
14666:Burmese
14652:Amharic
14635:(India)
14612:Sinhala
14605:Punjabi
14584:Kannada
14532:Persian
14487:Russian
14427:Swedish
14405:Finnish
14380:Faroese
14355:Zambian
14327:Turkish
14312:Spanish
14235:Maltese
14213:Latvian
14206:Italian
14185:Iñupiaq
14164:Guarani
14124:English
14095:Catalan
14012:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
14007:Braille
13890:Kikakui
13828:Eskayan
13813:Cypriot
13663:Dunging
13535:Demotic
13514:Tenevil
13458:Hittite
13453:Elamite
13406:Jurchen
13385:Sawndip
13380:Chữ Nôm
13280:Zapotec
13275:Yerkish
13250:Nsibidi
13235:Miꞌkmaw
13225:Isotype
13195:Adinkra
13136:Braille
13120:Zaghawa
13090:Vellara
13070:Sunuwar
13060:Sidetic
13055:Shavian
12983:Osmanya
12973:Ol Onal
12827:Kurrent
12812:Insular
12802:Fraktur
12777:Klingon
12767:Kaddare
12741:Archaic
12650:Elbasan
12638:Chinook
12628:Deseret
12616:Bosnian
12571:Avoiuli
12559:Avestan
12549:Ariyaka
12478:Tengwar
12376:Bharati
12337:Serawai
12327:Pasemah
12312:Lampung
12267:Lai Tay
12252:Tai Noi
12215:Sinhala
12195:Pallava
12163:Makasar
12151:Lontara
12126:Kulitan
12099:Kannada
12094:Kadamba
12084:Hanunoo
12074:Grantha
12069:Fakkham
11986:Tibetan
11971:Soyombo
11966:Siddhaṃ
11961:Sharada
11937:Litumol
11927:Tirhuta
11917:Ranjana
11902:Kvemmol
11862:Multani
11847:Marchen
11812:Kalinga
11752:Brahmic
11689:Sogdian
11628:Psalter
11608:Pahlavi
11588:Mandaic
11566:Cursive
11551:Elymaic
11522:Aramaic
10925:20th c.
10921:16th c.
9351:16th c.
9347:13th c.
8749:Regular
8738:13th c.
8734:11th c.
8165:11th c.
7454:12th c.
6327:Rundata
6188:Varisci
6176:Silingi
6166:Vandals
6141:Tulingi
6131:Triboci
6126:Treveri
6106:Teutons
6096:Taifals
6071:Sitones
6011:Nemetes
5969:Helisii
5942:Lemovii
5860:Gutones
5793:Firaesi
5788:Favonae
5768:Cugerni
5758:Cobandi
5713:Chamavi
5708:Chaemae
5698:Casuari
5693:Caritni
5663:Betasii
5634:Paemani
5569:Auiones
5434:Warfare
5412:Scripts
5380:Numbers
5204:History
5024:Maypole
4950:Widsith
4883:Beowulf
4869:Æcerbot
4854:Sources
4768:Waldere
4458:futhark
4266:22 July
4238:22 July
3990:26 July
3569:"stag"
3389:æko:ori
3365:ENGLISH
3321:*kautōn
3293::aha:k[
3253:edæboda
3226:Midlum
3174:solidus
3129:FRISIAN
3094:Germany
2993:Beowulf
2965:rūnstæf
2866:eadbald
2702:gehwelc
2631:Meaning
2108:yr (ȳr)
2004:ac (āc)
1811:/e(:)/
1801:eh (eh)
1580:/i(:)/
1570:ih (īw)
1497:/i(:)/
1487:is (īs)
1260:/o(:)/
1243:os (ōs)
1183:/u(:)/
1176:aurochs
1171:ur (ūr)
1102:Unicode
1057:scholar
964:Letters
826:Britain
693:History
670:Beowulf
640:Grammar
597:Mercian
592:Kentish
552:History
514:futhorc
394:Warfare
286:History
182:in the
146:Futhorc
24:Futhorc
15145:Other
15018:People
15008:Braigo
14827:Korean
14695:Hebrew
14626:Telugu
14525:Arabic
14515:Arabic
14473:Kyrgyz
14466:Kazakh
14400:Danish
14298:Slovak
14291:Samoan
14270:Polish
14249:Navajo
14150:German
14143:French
14010:
13955:Yugtun
13945:Woleai
13895:Kpelle
13878:Sōgana
13798:Byblos
13576:Muisca
13494:Cretan
13463:Luwian
13421:Tangut
13240:Mixtec
13210:Dongba
13115:Yezidi
13105:Wancho
13080:Todhri
13033:Gothic
13013:Cipher
12954:Manchu
12944:Evenki
12929:Orkhon
12874:Manchu
12869:Lydian
12864:Lycian
12807:Gaelic
12757:Hanifi
12752:Hangul
12727:Gothic
12675:Fraser
12670:Fox II
12606:Coptic
12581:Carian
12564:Pazend
12537:Linear
12483:Thaana
12428:Sarati
12369:Others
12332:Rejang
12317:Lembak
12307:Incung
12287:Telugu
12242:Tai Le
12136:Langdi
12059:Chakma
11949:Karani
11922:Tamyig
11897:Kummol
11892:Himmol
11887:Golmol
11867:Nagari
11852:Meitei
11837:Lepcha
11822:Khojki
11807:Kaithi
11694:Syriac
11682:Musnad
11561:Ashuri
11556:Hebrew
11539:Elifba
11534:Arabic
11527:Hatran
11502:Abjads
8161:8th c.
7605:
7532:
7450:8th c.
7095:
7071:
7006:
6933:
6855:9th c.
6851:5th c.
6348:9th c.
6208:Warini
6161:Vagoth
6146:Tungri
6111:Thelir
6091:Swedes
6086:Sunici
6051:Saxons
6046:Rugini
5979:Manimi
5964:Diduni
5902:Heruli
5840:Gepids
5825:Frisii
5803:Franks
5753:Cimbri
5743:Chauci
5738:Chatti
5651:Nervii
5646:Morini
5604:Belgae
5599:Batavi
5574:Avarpi
5539:Angles
5499:Groups
5449:Viking
5395:Gothic
5373:Gothic
5279:Family
5054:Symbel
5014:Horses
4984:Burial
4979:Blōtan
4789:Dragon
4784:Cofgod
4763:Sceafa
4697:Saxnot
4687:Hretha
4682:Gefjon
4672:Ēostre
4567:
4526:
4500:
4481:
4452:
4406:
4398:fuþark
4361:
4320:
4227:Flickr
4196:
4099:
3978:
3970:
3823:
3563:ahabui
3498:(with
3489:"roe"
3487:raïhan
3313:Hamwic
3282:; the
3207:þeladu
3203:weladu
3137:me uræ
3029:Bede's
2832:legdun
2790:/sk/,
2722:to wax
2659:~/dʒ/?
2590:cweorð
2582:cweorð
2533:, and
2515:Cweorð
2497:, the
2493:, the
2476:c̄, k̄
2307:cweorð
2123:/y(:)/
2049:/æ(:)/
2015:/ɑ(:)/
1911:/ŋg/,
1459:plight
1286:riding
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
822:Frisia
743:Legacy
518:fuþorc
338:Burial
267:People
198:
27:ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ
14861:(GS8)
14852:Kanji
14710:Khmer
14688:Greek
14619:Tamil
14552:i.e.
14513:i.e.
14494:Tatar
14440:i.e.
14341:Welsh
14242:Māori
14199:Irish
14117:Dutch
14110:Czech
13920:Nüshu
13788:Bamum
13783:Afaka
13590:Other
13581:Roman
13566:Abjad
13489:Bagam
13390:Bowen
13375:Kanji
13370:Hanja
13358:small
13353:large
13260:Olmec
13230:Kaidā
13220:Emoji
13200:Aztec
13003:Runic
12978:Osage
12959:Oirat
12904:Ogham
12837:Sigla
12782:Latin
12737:Greek
12621:Early
12591:Cirth
12544:Adlam
12413:Geʽez
12408:Fox I
12272:Tamil
12131:Lanna
12114:Khmer
12104:Karen
12054:Buhid
12034:Batak
11991:Uchen
11981:Takri
11932:Limbu
11832:Laṇḍā
11817:Khema
11797:Gupta
11787:Dogri
11704:Serṭā
11677:Zabur
11662:Punic
11635:Pegon
11571:Rashi
11485:Types
11436:Lists
11400:Types
10919:(ca.
9345:(ca.
9103:Stung
8732:(ca.
8159:(ca.
7448:(ca.
6849:(ca.
6342:(ca.
6306:Runes
6081:Suebi
6066:Sciri
6041:Rugii
6031:Quadi
6016:Njars
6001:Marsi
5959:Lugii
5927:Jutes
5892:Harii
5887:Gutes
5845:Goths
5835:Geats
5773:Danes
5718:Chali
5639:Segni
5579:Baemi
5422:Runes
5407:Rings
5400:Norse
5368:Names
5361:Norse
5344:Norse
5327:Norse
5079:Wicce
5069:Thyle
5064:Thing
5059:Thegn
5044:Rings
5039:Runes
5009:Hearg
4999:Frith
4829:Wight
4743:Beowa
4722:Wōden
4702:Þunor
4677:Frige
4667:Beowa
4359:S2CID
4318:S2CID
3976:JSTOR
3765:Notes
3744:Ogham
3606:i.e.
3584:brnrn
3513:buhui
3397:ærsil
3228:sceat
3188:(two
3038:rings
2976:Ochre
2934:æadan
2914:~/æu/
2883:saule
2880:~/ɑu/
2753:modig
2736:hring
2676:~/dʒ/
2642:/oi/?
2354:/st/
2344:stone
2318:Latin
2280:spear
2207:Image
2156:have
2078:earth
1950:(:)/
1901:Ing (
1805:steed
1693:sun (
1428:/h/,
1361:/ɡ/,
1320:torch
1252:mouth
1209:thorn
1098:Image
1064:JSTOR
1050:books
913:Ogham
909:Latin
764:Scots
725:Norse
720:Latin
474:runes
353:Glass
348:Dress
343:Coins
312:Runes
281:Women
223:runic
186:(IPA)
14633:Urdu
14598:Odia
14539:Urdu
13915:Loma
13910:Lisu
13853:Kana
13843:Iban
13833:Geba
13793:Bété
13748:si5s
13658:Khom
13631:Full
13504:Maya
12899:N'Ko
12458:Miao
12403:Dham
12322:Ogan
12292:Thai
12210:Shan
12146:Leke
12109:Kawi
12064:Cham
12049:Buda
12024:Ahom
11944:Odia
11857:Modi
11613:Book
6151:Ubii
5798:Fosi
5683:Buri
5099:Yule
5094:Wyrd
5049:Scop
4974:Bēot
4897:Deor
4819:Neck
4814:Mare
4804:Ides
4753:Finn
4738:Ægil
4712:Wade
4565:ISBN
4524:ISBN
4498:ISBN
4479:ISBN
4450:ISBN
4404:ISBN
4396:Das
4268:2016
4240:2016
4212:2020
4194:ISBN
4097:ISBN
3992:2021
3968:ISSN
3839:2020
3821:ISBN
3800:2020
3662:the
3637:the
3623:the
3588:anmu
3552:edih
3466:and
3452:pada
3441:(in
3417:neim
3330:hiwi
3317:katæ
3186:hada
3166:kabu
3076:and
2917:dæus
2897:/ɑi/
2886:soul
2835:laid
2829:/ej/
2799:fish
2796:fisc
2769:/ks/
2750:/ij/
2739:ring
2733:/ŋg/
2719:wohs
2716:/ks/
2705:each
2645:]oin
2628:Word
2604:and
2586:stan
2584:and
2574:gyfu
2572:and
2564:and
2562:calc
2519:stan
2517:and
2511:calc
2487:Calc
2479:/k/
2379:ę, ᴇ
2341:stan
2256:/k/
2247:calc
2215:Name
2183:and
2175:and
2149:and
1982:/d/
1875:/l/
1843:/m/
1779:/b/
1747:/t/
1695:sail
1617:/p/
1540:year
1465:/n/
1422:hail
1396:/w/
1355:gift
1328:/tʃ/
1106:Name
1036:news
936:and
922:ƿynn
920:and
918:þorn
893:hægl
854:and
510:rūna
500:and
472:are
90:and
14192:IPA
13940:Vai
13848:Idu
13416:Sui
12889:Mru
12859:Luo
12822:IPA
12503:Rma
12200:Pyu
12141:Lao
11996:Umê
11402:of
10923:to
9349:to
8736:to
8163:to
7452:to
6853:to
6346:to
6026:Osi
5334:Law
5264:Art
5191:of
5019:Law
4799:Elf
4707:Tiw
4692:Ing
4662:Ēse
4386:217
4349:doi
4310:doi
4052:doi
4048:135
4029:129
3934:doi
3618:.)
3576:ueu
3468:epa
3464:æpa
3445:).
3438:alu
3297:ABA
3232:æpa
3145:eda
3023:in
3017:alu
2969:rūn
2900:aib
2815:eoh
2792:/ʃ/
2698:/ʍ/
2625:IPA
2570:cen
2566:gar
2543:ger
2539:ger
2537:as
2531:ior
2529:as
2444:N/A
2435:īor
2399:N/A
2383:/ǝ/
2368:N/A
2349:N/A
2320:?)
2277:gar
2225:IPA
2211:UCS
2197:tyr
2195:or
2193:tir
2181:lug
2177:æsc
2173:ing
2114:bow
1976:day
1913:/ŋ/
1837:man
1732:god
1646:elk
1547:/j/
1491:ice
1390:joy
1293:/r/
1216:/θ/
1116:IPA
1019:by
852:æsc
619:Use
468:or
384:Law
333:Art
15238::
13950:Yi
11043:ᛋᛌ
11014:𐋐
10096:ng
8141:kk
8136:ck
8132:c̄
8128:k̄
8107:st
8083:æa
8080:ea
8074:īo
8071:īa
8031:ōe
8027:oe
7919:ēo
7431:æa
7428:ea
7390:ōe
7386:oe
7278:ēo
6344:AD
4477:.
4384:,
4357:.
4345:63
4343:.
4339:.
4316:,
4306:86
4304:,
4258:,
4202:.
4046:.
4027:.
3982:.
3974:.
3964:81
3962:.
3958:.
3930:16
3928:.
3882:^
3847:^
3829:,
3790:.
3586:/
3531:;
3506:)
3338:li
3299:.
3196:)
3190:ac
3159:)
3092:,
3082:eo
3072:,
3068:,
3064:,
3058:io
2971:.
2928:ᚫᚪ
2911:ᚫᚢ
2894:ᚪᛁ
2877:ᚪᚢ
2860:ᛖᚪ
2843:ᛖᛇ
2826:ᛖᚷ
2809:ᛖᚩ
2787:ᛋᚳ
2782:)
2766:ᛇᛋ
2747:ᛁᚷ
2730:ᚾᚷ
2713:ᚻᛋ
2694:ᚻᚹ
2689:)
2673:ᚷᚷ
2656:ᚷᚳ
2639:ᚩᛁ
2557:.
2385:?
2189:Ti
2185:æs
2168:.
2143:ᛟᛞ
2139:ᛞᛟ
2083:ea
1905:?)
1735:,
1676:/
1583:,
1523:/
1431:,
1218:,
1212:th
885:āc
874:ōs
859:ōs
847:,
845:āc
632:,
572:on
532:.
508::
14130:)
14126:(
13999:e
13992:t
13985:v
12743:)
12739:(
11392:e
11385:t
11378:v
11301:ö
11292:ä
11283:å
11274:z
11265:y
11256:x
11247:u
11238:t
11229:s
11220:r
11211:q
11202:p
11193:o
11184:n
11175:m
11166:l
11157:k
11148:i
11139:h
11130:g
11121:f
11112:e
11103:d
11094:c
11085:b
11076:a
11063:ᛦ
11058:ᚯ
11054:Å
11048:ᛠ
11038:ᚢ
11033:ᛐ
11028:ᛌ
11023:ᚱ
11018:ᛩ
11010:ᛰ
11005:ᚿ
11000:ᛘ
10995:ᛚ
10990:ᚴ
10985:ᛁ
10980:ᚼ
10973:ᚠ
10968:ᛆ
10963:ᚦ
10958:ᛋ
10953:ᛒ
10948:ᛅ
10944:–
10927:)
10900:ö
10891:ä
10882:å
10873:z
10864:y
10855:x
10846:w
10837:v
10828:u
10819:þ
10810:t
10801:s
10792:r
10783:q
10774:ᴘ
10765:p
10756:ǫ
10747:o
10738:ɴ
10729:n
10720:m
10711:ʟ
10702:l
10693:k
10684:j
10675:i
10666:h
10657:ŋ
10648:g
10639:f
10630:e
10621:ð
10612:d
10603:c
10594:b
10585:a
10571:ᚯ
10564:ᛅ
10557:ᚰ
10550:ᛍ
10544:ᛎ
10537:ᛨ
10531:ᛦ
10525:ᚤ
10518:ᚼ
10512:ᛪ
10506:ᛋ
10501:ᚴ
10494:ᚢ
10487:ᚤ
10481:ᚡ
10474:ᚢ
10467:ᚦ
10460:ᛐ
10453:ᛋ
10446:ᚱ
10439:ᚴ
10432:ᛕ
10425:ᛔ
10418:ᚰ
10411:ᚮ
10404:ᛀ
10397:ᚾ
10391:ᚿ
10384:ᛘ
10377:ᛛ
10370:ᛚ
10363:ᚴ
10356:ᛁ
10349:ᛁ
10342:ᚼ
10335:ᚶ
10328:ᚵ
10321:ᚠ
10314:ᛂ
10307:ᚧ
10300:ᛑ
10293:ᛎ
10287:ᛍ
10280:ᛒ
10273:ᛆ
10268:–
10251:x
10203:ᛪ
10164:–
10151:ᴘ
10139:c
10134:z
10113:ɴ
10085:ö
10065:ᛕ
10054:ᛎ
10035:ᛀ
10020:ᚶ
10011:ᚯ
10000:–
9987:y
9972:ʟ
9959:p
9950:d
9940:z
9935:c
9920:ä
9909:e
9900:n
9883:g
9873:å
9868:ǫ
9859:ð
9851:v
9846:y
9837:v
9823:ᛨ
9810:ᛛ
9799:ᛔ
9792:ᛑ
9783:ᛍ
9770:ᛅ
9761:ᛂ
9754:ᚾ
9739:ᚵ
9730:ᚰ
9723:ᚧ
9716:ᚤ
9709:ᚡ
9704:–
9691:y
9676:l
9667:m
9656:b
9647:t
9636:s
9621:a
9611:j
9606:i
9597:n
9589:x
9584:h
9570:q
9565:k
9556:r
9547:o
9538:þ
9530:w
9525:u
9516:f
9502:ᛦ
9489:ᛚ
9482:ᛘ
9473:ᛒ
9466:ᛐ
9461:᛬
9456:ᛋ
9443:ᛆ
9434:ᛁ
9427:ᚿ
9420:ᚼ
9415:᛬
9406:ᚴ
9399:ᚱ
9392:ᚮ
9385:ᚦ
9378:ᚢ
9371:ᚠ
9366:–
9353:)
9326:ʟ
9313:p
9304:d
9282:ä
9277:e
9268:ɴ
9252:ŋ
9247:g
9234:ð
9226:ö
9221:y
9212:v
9198:ᛛ
9187:ᛔ
9180:ᛑ
9159:ᛂ
9152:ᛀ
9137:ᚵ
9126:ᚧ
9119:ᚤ
9112:ᚡ
9107:–
9095:ʀ
9090:y
9075:l
9066:m
9055:b
9046:t
9036:z
9031:s
9017:ä
9012:a
9002:j
8997:i
8988:n
8979:h
8964:k
8955:r
8947:ǫ
8945:/
8943:å
8938:o
8929:þ
8921:w
8917:o
8912:u
8903:f
8889:ᛦ
8876:ᛚ
8869:ᛘ
8860:ᛒ
8853:ᛐ
8848:᛬
8843:ᛋ
8830:ᛅ
8821:ᛁ
8814:ᚾ
8807:ᚼ
8802:᛬
8793:ᚴ
8786:ᚱ
8779:ᚬ
8772:ᚦ
8765:ᚢ
8758:ᚠ
8753:–
8740:)
8713:ʀ
8698:l
8689:m
8679:p
8674:b
8666:d
8661:t
8651:z
8646:s
8632:ä
8627:a
8617:e
8613:j
8608:i
8599:n
8590:h
8576:ŋ
8572:g
8567:k
8558:r
8550:ǫ
8548:/
8546:å
8542:o
8537:ą
8529:ð
8524:þ
8516:w
8514:/
8512:v
8508:o
8504:ö
8502:/
8500:y
8495:u
8487:v
8482:f
8468:ᛧ
8455:ᛚ
8448:ᛙ
8439:ᛓ
8432:ᛐ
8427:᛬
8422:ᛌ
8409:ᛆ
8400:ᛁ
8393:ᚿ
8386:ᚽ
8381:᛬
8372:ᚴ
8365:ᚱ
8358:ᚭ
8351:ᚦ
8344:ᚢ
8337:ᚠ
8332:–
8318:ᛦ
8305:ᛚ
8298:ᛘ
8289:ᛒ
8282:ᛏ
8277:᛬
8272:ᛋ
8259:ᛅ
8250:ᛁ
8243:ᚾ
8236:ᚼ
8231:᛬
8222:ᚴ
8215:ᚱ
8208:ᚬ
8201:ᚦ
8194:ᚢ
8187:ᚠ
8182:–
8167:)
8117:ḡ
8099:k
8090:q
8063:y
8055:y
8050:æ
8041:a
8022:œ
8013:d
8004:ŋ
7995:l
7986:m
7978:ɛ
7973:e
7964:b
7955:t
7944:s
7935:x
7926:p
7916:é
7911:ï
7900:j
7891:i
7882:n
7873:h
7862:ƿ
7854:k
7850:ŋ
7846:g
7841:ȝ
7833:ɕ
7829:ɧ
7825:k
7820:c
7811:r
7803:ö
7799:å
7794:o
7786:ð
7781:þ
7773:o
7768:u
7760:v
7755:f
7741:ᛤ
7732:ᚸ
7723:ᛥ
7716:ᛣ
7709:ᛢ
7702:ᛠ
7695:ᛡ
7688:ᚣ
7681:ᚫ
7674:ᚪ
7665:ᛟ
7658:ᛞ
7651:ᛜ
7645:ᛝ
7638:ᛚ
7631:ᛗ
7624:ᛖ
7617:ᛒ
7610:ᛏ
7600:ᛋ
7593:ᛉ
7586:ᛈ
7579:ᛇ
7570:ᛡ
7564:ᛄ
7557:ᛁ
7550:ᚾ
7543:ᚺ
7537:ᚻ
7527:ᚹ
7520:ᚷ
7513:ᚳ
7506:ᚱ
7499:ᚩ
7492:ᚦ
7485:ᚢ
7478:ᚠ
7473:–
7471:–
7456:)
7418:y
7409:æ
7400:a
7381:œ
7372:d
7363:ŋ
7354:l
7345:m
7337:ɛ
7332:e
7323:b
7314:t
7303:s
7294:x
7285:p
7275:é
7270:ï
7259:j
7250:i
7241:n
7232:h
7221:ƿ
7213:k
7209:ŋ
7205:g
7200:ȝ
7192:ɕ
7188:ɧ
7184:k
7179:c
7170:r
7162:ö
7158:å
7153:o
7145:ð
7140:þ
7132:o
7127:u
7119:v
7114:f
7100:ᛠ
7090:ᚣ
7083:ᚫ
7076:ᚪ
7066:ᛟ
7059:ᛞ
7052:ᛜ
7046:ᛝ
7039:ᛚ
7032:ᛗ
7025:ᛖ
7018:ᛒ
7011:ᛏ
7001:ᛋ
6994:ᛉ
6987:ᛈ
6980:ᛇ
6971:ᛡ
6965:ᛄ
6958:ᛁ
6951:ᚾ
6944:ᚺ
6938:ᚻ
6928:ᚹ
6921:ᚷ
6914:ᚳ
6907:ᚱ
6900:ᚩ
6893:ᚦ
6886:ᚢ
6879:ᚠ
6874:–
6872:–
6857:)
6831:ö
6827:å
6822:o
6814:ð
6809:d
6800:ŋ
6791:l
6782:m
6774:ɛ
6769:e
6760:b
6751:t
6740:s
6732:ʀ
6727:z
6718:p
6710:é
6705:ï
6694:j
6685:i
6676:n
6667:h
6657:v
6652:ƿ
6643:g
6634:k
6625:r
6617:ã
6612:a
6604:ð
6599:þ
6591:y
6586:u
6578:v
6573:f
6559:ᛟ
6552:ᛞ
6545:ᛝ
6539:ᛜ
6532:ᛚ
6525:ᛗ
6518:ᛖ
6511:ᛒ
6504:ᛏ
6499:᛬
6494:ᛋ
6488:ᛊ
6481:ᛉ
6474:ᛈ
6467:ᛇ
6458:ᛃ
6451:ᛁ
6444:ᚾ
6437:ᚻ
6431:ᚺ
6426:᛬
6421:ᚹ
6414:ᚷ
6407:ᚲ
6400:ᚱ
6393:ᚨ
6386:ᚦ
6379:ᚢ
6372:ᚠ
6367:–
6365:–
6350:)
6298:e
6291:t
6284:v
5311:)
5172:e
5165:t
5158:v
4639:e
4632:t
4625:v
4573:.
4532:.
4506:.
4487:.
4460:'
4423:.
4413:.
4390:.
4365:.
4351::
4325:.
4312::
4290:.
4271:.
4176:.
4157:.
4138:.
4122:.
4106:.
4078:.
4058:.
4054::
3994:.
3940:.
3936::
3842:.
3802:.
3722:.
3544:a
3504:æ
3500:a
3284:k
3194:h
3157:h
3078:y
3074:œ
3070:d
3066:s
3062:j
3010:⁊
2606:ᚩ
2602:ᛁ
2594:ᛠ
2547:ᛄ
2535:ᛄ
2527:ᛡ
2507:ᛤ
2464:ᛤ
2428:ᛡ
2410:į
2335:ᛥ
2313:q
2301:ᛢ
2283:ḡ
2271:ᚸ
2253:k
2241:ᛣ
2165:ᛠ
2159:ᚣ
2135:.
2119:y
2116:)
2101:ᚣ
2080:)
2065:ᛠ
2045:æ
2031:ᚫ
2011:a
1997:ᚪ
1979:d
1965:ᛞ
1948:ø
1946:/
1943:œ
1929:ᛟ
1908:ŋ
1890:ᛝ
1872:l
1858:ᛚ
1840:m
1826:ᛗ
1808:e
1794:ᛖ
1776:b
1762:ᛒ
1744:t
1718:ᛏ
1700:s
1682:ᚴ
1670:ᛋ
1652:x
1648:)
1632:ᛉ
1614:p
1600:ᛈ
1577:ï
1563:ᛇ
1543:j
1529:ᛄ
1517:ᛡ
1494:i
1480:ᛁ
1462:n
1448:ᚾ
1425:h
1411:ᚻ
1393:w
1379:ᚹ
1358:g
1344:ᚷ
1323:c
1309:ᚳ
1289:r
1275:ᚱ
1257:o
1250:(
1236:ᚩ
1198:ᚦ
1180:u
1164:ᚢ
1146:f
1132:ᚠ
1086:)
1080:(
1075:)
1071:(
1061:·
1054:·
1047:·
1040:·
1013:.
889:ᚻ
882:ᚪ
871:ᚩ
867:a
856:ᚩ
849:ᚫ
842:ᚪ
838:a
834:ᚨ
793:e
786:t
779:v
636:)
628:(
504:(
454:e
447:t
440:v
204:.
138:?
132:)
128:(
94:)
86:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
