29:
264:
he is a mere "West Briton", his Irish blood, his Irish sympathies go for nothing. He misses the chief qualifications to the ranks of the "Irish best", if he remains an imperialist, and sees no prospect of peace or happiness or return of prosperity in the event of the Union being severed. In this
569:
criticised what he termed West Brit elements of the media, who he said were out to undermine his attempt to win the election. He later said it was an "off-the-cuff remark" but did not define for the electorate what (or who) he had meant by the term.
1180:
Portraits: real and imaginary, being memories and impressions of friends and contemporaries; with appreciations of divers singularities and characteristics of certain phases of life and letters among the North
Americans as seen, heard, and
381:
of the least attractive
English characteristics. ... The best that can be said ... is that the species is slowly becoming extinct. ... nationalism has become respectable". The opposite of the "West Briton" Boyd called the "synthetic Gael".
194:" had become after 1707, but supposed that if the Union did not deliver this, then some type of Irish home rule was essential. The Dublin administration as performed during the 1830s was intermediate between these two possibilities.
273:
and hundreds of others, of whom all
Irishmen ought to be proud, are "West Britons", and thousands who have done nothing for the empire, under the just laws of which they live, who, perhaps, are mere descendants of
606:
columnist Donald Clarke noted a number of things that may prompt the application of a West Brit label, including being from Dublin (or south Dublin), supporting UK-based football teams, using the phrase
177:
later in the same debate: "He tells us, that he belongs to
England, and designates himself as a West Briton." Daniel O'Connell himself used the phrase at a pro-Repeal speech in Dublin in February 1836:
127:, while an anti-union cartoon depicted an official offering bribes and proclaiming "God save the King & his Majesty's subjects of west Britain that is to be!" In 1801 the Latin description of
656:
of 1829. Having and exercising their new legal rights according to the Act, Castle
Catholics were then rather illogically being criticised by other Catholics for exercising them to the full.
209:
in 1900, used the term frequently to describe those who he did not consider sufficiently Irish. It was synonymous with those he described as "Sourfaces", who had mourned the death of the
1360:
186:, provided they be made so in reality and not in name alone; they are ready to become a kind of West Britons, if made so in benefits and justice; but if not, we are Irishmen again.
260:
giants at
Glasgow or Liverpool, but, if he does not at the same time hate the mere Saxon, and revel in the oft resuscitated pictures of long past periods, and the horrors of the
1412:
1469:
589:. I think I was born to succeed here ; I have much more freedom than I had in Ireland". He became a dual citizen of Ireland and the UK and was eventually
1118:
428:"Brit" meaning "British person", attested in 1884, is pejorative in Irish usage, though used as a value-neutral colloquialism in Great Britain. During
158:
699:, defined a "shoneen" as a person "of native Irish stock who committed the unforgivable sin of aping English or West-Briton manners and attitudes".
1046:
1072:
1645:
1620:
1441:
840:
581:
in
Britain, described himself as a West Brit: "I'm an effete, urban Irishman. I was an avid radio listener as a boy, but it was the BBC, not
436:. "West Brit" is used presently by Irish people, chiefly within Ireland, to criticise a variety of perceived faults of other Irish people:
88:
1386:
712:('Little Jack'), was used in the countryside in reference to Dubliners with British sympathies; it is a pun, substituting the nickname
893:
1307:
240:. He may have the greatest love for his native land, desirous to learn the Irish language, and under certain conditions to join the
1334:
162:
695:
defines it as "a gentleman in a small way: a would-be gentleman who puts on superior airs." The Irish historian and academic,
1630:
626:
was applied more specifically by
Republicans to middle-class Catholics assimilated into the pro-British establishment, after
814:
266:
148:
974:
460:
1598:
1524:
1192:
228:
Now, what is the exact definition and up-to-date meaning of that term? The holder of the title may be descended from
867:
558:
1625:
275:
210:
1126:
1282:
1020:
1635:
631:
417:
775:
683:) was applied to those who emulated the homes, habits, lifestyle, pastimes, clothes, and opinions of the
590:
353:
1025:
753:
456:
198:
1099:
1541:
653:
554:
Not all people so labelled may actually be characterised by these stereotypical opinions and habits.
363:
943:
278:, and even of Saxon lineage, with very little Celtic blood in their veins, are of the "Irish best".
257:
220:
In 1907, Canon R. S. Ross-Lewin published a collection of loyal Irish poems using the pseudonym "A
80:
533:
503:
491:
467:
452:
132:
217:
Protestants and those
Catholics who did not measure up to his definition of "Irish Irelanders".
1141:
642:
635:
473:
445:
441:
270:
237:
174:
1184:
952:
Historic
Records and Secret Memoirs of the Legislative Union Between Great Britain and Ireland
947:
757:
684:
375:
According to Boyd, "The West Briton is the near Englishman ... an unfriendly caricature, the
311:
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1014:
495:
377:
261:
233:
56:
8:
741:
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413:
405:
166:
116:
100:
286:
included "A West Briton", which gave a table of West-Briton responses to certain words:
1263:
994:
594:
517:
507:
170:
108:
104:
84:
76:
1413:"Terry Wogan interview: 'I'm a child of the Pale. I think I was born to succeed here'"
1594:
1520:
1470:"Fine Gael is still haunted by 'West-British' moniker - despite its role in republic"
1267:
1188:
1174:
986:
649:
566:
397:
214:
173:, "I should prefer the name of West Britain to that of Ireland". Rice was derided by
868:"Would you take offence at being called a West Brit? The term has a muddled history"
21:
This article is about the derogatory term. For the local newspaper in Cornwall, see
1253:
786:
479:
433:
386:
28:
1215:
1446:
796:, in its modern sense of an urban (and strongly British-influenced) Dubliner, is
525:
513:
393:
22:
1579:
edited by James Stuart Olson and Robert Shadle Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996
1512:
800:, referring to an unsophisticated Irish person who resides in the countryside.
779:
696:
666:
543:
521:
245:
183:
154:
1258:
1241:
1614:
990:
809:
771:
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728:
took on the more generalized meaning of "a self-assertive worthless fellow".
627:
241:
191:
112:
92:
32:
472:
downplaying British actions during historical events in Ireland such as the
190:
Here, O'Connell was hoping that Ireland would soon become as prosperous as "
67:
is a description of Ireland emphasising it as subject to British influence.
547:
539:
529:
429:
249:
244:. He may be all this, and rejoice in the victory of an Irish horse in the "
221:
562:
305:
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1417:
819:
745:
688:
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whose involvement with the British system was the purpose of O'Connell's
602:
574:
487:
409:
202:
120:
998:
1119:"D.P. Moran and the leader: Writing an Irish Ireland through partition"
749:
721:
608:
510:; emphasizing positive British influence in the world, past or present.
401:
390:
253:
229:
128:
60:
680:
612:
1308:"McGuinness blames 'West Brit' influence for references to IRA past"
894:"McGuinness blames 'West Brit' influence for references to IRA past"
789:" had been an equivalent term in British politics since about 1859.
586:
96:
921:
The West Briton: Being a collection of poems, on various subjects
797:
708:
661:
675:
455:. (State policy is to praise the patriotism of rebels up to the
197:
The term "West Briton" became used next pejoratively during the
37:
1442:"All kinds of things can get you called a West Brit these days"
924:. Dublin: Printed by Graisberry and Campbell for Bernard Dornin
841:"All kinds of things can get you called a West Brit these days"
161:(later Lord Monteagle of Brandon) said on 23 April 1834 in the
52:
16:
Pejorative term for an Irish person who admires British customs
761:
679:, thus literally 'Little John', and apparently a reference to
582:
585:. I was a West Brit from the start. I'm a kind of child of
151:
and describing Great Britain and Ireland as "the Britains".
1283:"Intra-lingual translation: Irish English–standard English"
740:, a derogatory term for an Irish person who is seen as an
557:
Public perception and self-identity can vary. During his
408:. This was not automatic, since there were, and are, also
578:
1290:
Bells: Barcelona English Language and Literature Studies
1540:
Simpson, John; Weiner, Edmund, eds. (1989). "jackeen".
516:: appearing embarrassed by or disdainful of aspects of
182:
The people of Ireland are ready to become a portion of
975:"'An Act of Power & Corruption'? The Union Debate"
224:
West Briton", explaining the epithet in the foreword:
1577:
Historical Dictionary of the British Empire, Volume 2
1361:"Martin McGuinness backtracks after 'west Brit' jibe"
774:
satirised "Little Irelanders", by playing a bigoted
432:, among nationalists "the Brits" specifically meant
641:was used to suggest an accent imitative of British
1173:
1013:
35:poster from 1913 contrasting a proud, independent
1499:English As We Speak It in Ireland: Rabble to Yoke
1073:"Repeal of the Union—Adjourned Debate—Fourth Day"
1612:
782:around while verbally attacking his pet hates.
577:, who spent most of his career working for the
141:"Of Great Britain, France and Ireland King" to
1104:. Vol. II. Cork: J. O'Brien. p. 496.
75:"West Britain" was used with reference to the
1539:
936:
724:, the British flag. During the 20th century,
866:McNamee, Michael Sheils (28 November 2019).
1387:"McGuinness declines to define 'West Brit'"
142:
136:
89:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1593:. Cork: Gill & Macmillan. p. 70.
1556:
1332:
1139:
942:
1257:
972:
1546:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1242:"An ABC of World English Brit to Creole"
1239:
59:for an Irish person who is perceived as
27:
1333:McKittrick, David (21 September 2011).
1167:
1165:
1163:
1113:
1111:
865:
770:between 1978 and 1982, sketch comedian
389:, "West British" was applied mainly to
282:Ernest Augustus Boyd's 1924 collection
138:MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX
1613:
1467:
1439:
1183:. New York: George H. Doran. pp.
1123:Eire–Ireland: Journal of Irish Studies
1101:The Life and Times of Daniel O'Connell
1047:"Repeal of the Union—Adjourned Debate"
891:
736:The term is sometimes contrasted with
1588:
1511:
1335:"McGuinness launches attack on media"
1097:
917:
423:
115:"). In 1800 Thomas Grady, a Limerick
1621:Pejorative terms for European people
1280:
1171:
1160:
1108:
1011:
815:More Irish than the Irish themselves
546:; showing political endorsement for
434:the British Army in Northern Ireland
1533:
466:highlighting perceived benefits of
213:in 1901. It included virtually all
63:in matters of culture or politics.
13:
1582:
1440:Clarke, Donald (12 January 2019).
892:Reilly, Gavan (28 November 2019).
752:, while sometimes also practising
542:: Opposition or indifference to a
14:
1657:
1494:
1240:McArthur, Tom (17 October 2008).
706:, another variant since c. 1840,
693:English As We Speak It in Ireland
1646:Ireland–United Kingdom relations
618:
1591:A Dictionary of Hiberno-English
1589:Dolan, Terence Patrick (2006).
1565:
1550:
1505:
1488:
1468:Meehan, Ciara (14 April 2019).
1461:
1433:
1405:
1379:
1353:
1326:
1300:
1274:
1233:
1208:
1172:Boyd, Ernest Augustus (1970) .
1133:
1091:
1077:Hansard: House of Common Debate
1051:Hansard House of Commons Debate
147:"Of the Britains King", ending
1519:. Fontana Books. p. 233.
1065:
1039:
1005:
973:Geoghegan, Patrick M. (2000).
966:
954:. London: Colburn. p. 385
911:
885:
859:
833:
756:. The term was popularised by
404:were expected to be naturally
385:After the independence of the
205:, who founded the publication
149:the claim to the French throne
1:
1559:Sean O'Faolain's Irish Vision
1476:. Independent News& Media
1021:Dictionary of Irish Biography
826:
573:Irish TV and radio presenter
284:Portraits: real and imaginary
1631:Foreign relations of Ireland
1557:Bonaccorso, Richard (1987).
634:. Sometimes the exaggerated
418:Protestant Irish nationalism
119:, published a collection of
7:
803:
776:Gaelic Athletic Association
731:
10:
1662:
1140:Ross-Lewin, R. S. (1907).
1053:. 23 April 1834. Col. 1194
1026:Cambridge University Press
754:Traditionalist Catholicism
632:the British administration
461:physical force republicans
453:historical Irish uprisings
70:
51:, an abbreviation of West
20:
1561:. SUNY Press. p. 29.
1543:Oxford English Dictionary
1259:10.1017/S0266078400000122
962:– via Google Books.
459:, while condemning later
41:with a craven, dependent
1571:p. 676 Ashman, Patricia
1517:Ireland Since the Famine
1079:. 25 April 1834. Col. 57
720:, as a reference to the
81:Kingdom of Great Britain
1220:www.merriam-webster.com
1098:Fagan, William (1847).
659:The old-fashioned word
534:Irish traditional music
504:Commonwealth of Nations
492:British popular culture
468:British rule in Ireland
440:"Revisionism" (compare
248:", or an Irish dog at "
133:Great Seal of the Realm
1626:Anti-British sentiment
1281:Wall, Richard (2000).
1125:. 2003. Archived from
918:Grady, Thomas (1800).
643:Received Pronunciation
636:pronunciation spelling
446:historical negationism
442:historical revisionism
412:Protestants favouring
396:, the small number of
280:
271:Lord Charles Beresford
188:
143:
137:
45:
1365:The Belfast Telegraph
1129:on 24 September 2015.
1015:"Rice, Thomas Spring"
778:member who waved his
685:Protestant Ascendancy
630:, the main office of
494:; admiration for the
226:
180:
31:
1216:"Definition of Brit"
496:British royal family
463:as antidemocratic.)
457:revolutionary period
378:reductio ad absurdum
107:connected it to the
99:used after the 1603
1636:Politics of Ireland
1393:. 23 September 2011
1367:. 21 September 2011
1314:. 11 September 2011
1012:Hourican, Bridget.
742:extreme nationalist
500:Republic of Ireland
414:Irish republicanism
276:Cromwell's soldiers
238:ancient Irish Kings
171:Repeal of the Union
101:Union of the Crowns
1148:. Limerick: McKern
650:Catholic unionists
595:Queen Elizabeth II
508:Commonwealth Realm
424:Contemporary usage
398:Catholic unionists
360:Self-determination
159:Thomas Spring Rice
109:Kingdom of England
105:Acts of Union 1707
85:Kingdom of Ireland
77:Acts of Union 1800
46:
1573:Little Englanders
1421:. 31 January 2016
944:Barrington, Jonah
648:These identified
611:", or voting for
567:Martin McGuinness
559:2011 presidential
480:Irish rebel songs
369:
368:
215:Church of Ireland
135:was changed from
79:which united the
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787:Little Englander
738:Little Irelander
673:, diminutive of
654:Emancipation Act
498:; favouring the
387:Irish Free State
293:
292:
167:Daniel O'Connell
163:House of Commons
146:
144:BRITANNIARUM REX
140:
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1447:The Irish Times
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1296:: 249–256: 254.
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1197:
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1175:"A West Briton"
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847:. 21 March 2013
845:The Irish Times
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624:Castle Catholic
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526:Hiberno-English
514:Cultural cringe
426:
394:Roman Catholics
364:Czecho-Slovakia
329:Mother-country
252:", or an Irish
222:County of Clare
125:The West Briton
73:
57:derogatory term
26:
23:The West Briton
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1501:. p. 321.
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792:An antonym of
758:Seán Ó Faoláin
733:
730:
697:F. S. L. Lyons
620:
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552:
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544:United Ireland
537:
522:Irish language
520:, such as the
511:
506:or becoming a
502:rejoining the
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246:Grand National
211:Queen Victoria
201:of the 1880s.
169:'s motion for
155:Irish unionist
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1480:12 November
1453:12 November
1418:Irish Times
1312:The Journal
903:28 November
877:28 November
851:28 November
746:Anglophobic
702:Similar to
689:P. W. Joyce
603:Irish Times
575:Terry Wogan
488:Anglophilia
410:Anglo-Irish
402:Protestants
345:Disloyalty
342:Nationality
203:D. P. Moran
121:light verse
61:Anglophilic
1615:Categories
1425:31 January
1083:7 February
1057:7 February
1031:7 February
958:8 February
948:"Ch. XXIV"
928:8 February
827:References
750:xenophobic
722:Union Jack
609:Boxing Day
565:candidate
561:campaign,
391:anglophile
350:Patriotism
312:Pro-German
262:penal laws
254:tug-of-war
234:O'Donelans
207:The Leader
184:the empire
129:George III
1268:144074032
1142:"Preface"
991:0791-8224
760:. On the
681:John Bull
639:Cawtholic
613:Fine Gael
563:Sinn FĂ©in
406:unionists
306:Sinn FĂ©in
299:Response
230:O'Connors
87:into the
49:West Brit
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1225:29 April
999:27724771
946:(1844).
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804:See also
764:program
732:Antonyms
591:knighted
587:the Pale
256:team of
250:Waterloo
117:unionist
103:and the
97:Scotland
83:and the
1181:divined
798:culchie
794:jackeen
726:jackeen
709:jackeen
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1286:(PDF)
1264:S2CID
1200:9 May
1152:9 May
1146:Poems
995:JSTOR
667:Irish
532:, or
416:(see
400:, as
334:Green
318:Irish
1595:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1482:2020
1455:2020
1427:2016
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987:ISSN
960:2016
930:2016
905:2019
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